Articles | Volume 13, issue 8
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-3979-2013
© Author(s) 2013. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-3979-2013
© Author(s) 2013. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
The physical and chemical characteristics of marine primary organic aerosol: a review
B. Gantt
Department of Marine, Earth, and Atmospheric Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
N. Meskhidze
Department of Marine, Earth, and Atmospheric Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
Related authors
Karoline K. Barkjohn, Brett Gantt, and Andrea L. Clements
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 14, 4617–4637, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-4617-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-4617-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Although widely used, air sensor measurements are often biased. In this work we develop a correction with a relative humidity term that reduces the bias and improves consistency between different United States regions. This correction equation, along with proposed data cleaning criteria, has been applied to PurpleAir PM2.5 measurements across the US on the AirNow Fire and Smoke Map and has the potential to be successfully used in other air quality and public health applications.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Qinyi Li, Rafael Borge, Golam Sarwar, David de la Paz, Brett Gantt, Jessica Domingo, Carlos A. Cuevas, and Alfonso Saiz-Lopez
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 15321–15337, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-15321-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-15321-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
The abundance and distribution of reactive halogen species and their impact on air quality in Europe are poorly understood. We adopt a state-of-the-art regional model (CMAQ) to evaluate such effects, and the results demonstrate the significant influence of halogen chemistry on the capacity of atmospheric oxidation and the formation of air pollutants in Europe. Our study highlights the necessity of including halogen chemistry in the formulation of air pollution control policy.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
K. Wyat Appel, Sergey L. Napelenok, Kristen M. Foley, Havala O. T. Pye, Christian Hogrefe, Deborah J. Luecken, Jesse O. Bash, Shawn J. Roselle, Jonathan E. Pleim, Hosein Foroutan, William T. Hutzell, George A. Pouliot, Golam Sarwar, Kathleen M. Fahey, Brett Gantt, Robert C. Gilliam, Nicholas K. Heath, Daiwen Kang, Rohit Mathur, Donna B. Schwede, Tanya L. Spero, David C. Wong, and Jeffrey O. Young
Geosci. Model Dev., 10, 1703–1732, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-10-1703-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-10-1703-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
The Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model is a comprehensive multipollutant air quality modeling system. The CMAQ model is used extensively throughout the world to simulate air pollutants for many purposes, including regulatory and air quality forecasting applications. This work describes the scientific updates made to the latest version of the CMAQ modeling system (CMAQv5.1) and presents an evaluation of the new model against observations and results from the previous model version.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
B. Gantt, J. T. Kelly, and J. O. Bash
Geosci. Model Dev., 8, 3733–3746, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-8-3733-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-8-3733-2015, 2015
B. Gantt, M. S. Johnson, M. Crippa, A. S. H. Prévôt, and N. Meskhidze
Geosci. Model Dev., 8, 619–629, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-8-619-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-8-619-2015, 2015
B. Gantt, J. He, X. Zhang, Y. Zhang, and A. Nenes
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 7485–7497, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-7485-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-7485-2014, 2014
Karoline K. Barkjohn, Brett Gantt, and Andrea L. Clements
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 14, 4617–4637, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-4617-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-4617-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Although widely used, air sensor measurements are often biased. In this work we develop a correction with a relative humidity term that reduces the bias and improves consistency between different United States regions. This correction equation, along with proposed data cleaning criteria, has been applied to PurpleAir PM2.5 measurements across the US on the AirNow Fire and Smoke Map and has the potential to be successfully used in other air quality and public health applications.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Qinyi Li, Rafael Borge, Golam Sarwar, David de la Paz, Brett Gantt, Jessica Domingo, Carlos A. Cuevas, and Alfonso Saiz-Lopez
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 15321–15337, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-15321-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-15321-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
The abundance and distribution of reactive halogen species and their impact on air quality in Europe are poorly understood. We adopt a state-of-the-art regional model (CMAQ) to evaluate such effects, and the results demonstrate the significant influence of halogen chemistry on the capacity of atmospheric oxidation and the formation of air pollutants in Europe. Our study highlights the necessity of including halogen chemistry in the formulation of air pollution control policy.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
K. Wyat Appel, Sergey L. Napelenok, Kristen M. Foley, Havala O. T. Pye, Christian Hogrefe, Deborah J. Luecken, Jesse O. Bash, Shawn J. Roselle, Jonathan E. Pleim, Hosein Foroutan, William T. Hutzell, George A. Pouliot, Golam Sarwar, Kathleen M. Fahey, Brett Gantt, Robert C. Gilliam, Nicholas K. Heath, Daiwen Kang, Rohit Mathur, Donna B. Schwede, Tanya L. Spero, David C. Wong, and Jeffrey O. Young
Geosci. Model Dev., 10, 1703–1732, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-10-1703-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-10-1703-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
The Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model is a comprehensive multipollutant air quality modeling system. The CMAQ model is used extensively throughout the world to simulate air pollutants for many purposes, including regulatory and air quality forecasting applications. This work describes the scientific updates made to the latest version of the CMAQ modeling system (CMAQv5.1) and presents an evaluation of the new model against observations and results from the previous model version.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
B. Gantt, J. T. Kelly, and J. O. Bash
Geosci. Model Dev., 8, 3733–3746, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-8-3733-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-8-3733-2015, 2015
N. Meskhidze, M. S. Johnson, D. Hurley, and K. Dawson
Biogeosciences Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/bgd-12-14377-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/bgd-12-14377-2015, 2015
Revised manuscript not accepted
K. W. Dawson, N. Meskhidze, D. Josset, and S. Gassó
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 3241–3255, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-3241-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-3241-2015, 2015
B. Gantt, M. S. Johnson, M. Crippa, A. S. H. Prévôt, and N. Meskhidze
Geosci. Model Dev., 8, 619–629, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-8-619-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-8-619-2015, 2015
N. Meskhidze, A. Sabolis, R. Reed, and D. Kamykowski
Biogeosciences, 12, 637–651, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-637-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-637-2015, 2015
B. Gantt, J. He, X. Zhang, Y. Zhang, and A. Nenes
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 7485–7497, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-7485-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-7485-2014, 2014
M. S. Johnson and N. Meskhidze
Geosci. Model Dev., 6, 1137–1155, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-6-1137-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-6-1137-2013, 2013
Related subject area
Subject: Aerosols | Research Activity: Atmospheric Modelling and Data Analysis | Altitude Range: Troposphere | Science Focus: Chemistry (chemical composition and reactions)
Contribution of regional aerosol nucleation to low-level CCN in an Amazonian deep convective environment: results from a regionally nested global model
Coarse particulate matter air quality in East Asia: implications for fine particulate nitrate
Foreign emissions exacerbate PM2.5 pollution in China through nitrate chemistry
Analysis of new particle formation events and comparisons to simulations of particle number concentrations based on GEOS-Chem–advanced particle microphysics in Beijing, China
Simulation of organic aerosol, its precursors, and related oxidants in the Landes pine forest in southwestern France: accounting for domain-specific land use and physical conditions
Modelling the European wind-blown dust emissions and their impact on particulate matter (PM) concentrations
Impacts of estimated plume rise on PM2.5 exceedance prediction during extreme wildfire events: a comparison of three schemes (Briggs, Freitas, and Sofiev)
Impact of Solar Geoengineering on Wildfires in the 21st Century in CESM2/WACCM6
Strong particle production and condensational growth in the upper troposphere sustained by biogenic VOCs from the canopy of the Amazon Basin
Sources of organic aerosols in eastern China: a modeling study with high-resolution intermediate-volatility and semivolatile organic compound emissions
Composited analyses of the chemical and physical characteristics of co-polluted days by ozone and PM2.5 over 2013–2020 in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region
Observation-based constraints on modeled aerosol surface area: implications for heterogeneous chemistry
Oligomer formation from the gas-phase reactions of Criegee intermediates with hydroperoxide esters: mechanism and kinetics
Modelling SO2 conversion into sulfates in the mid-troposphere with a 3D chemistry transport model: the case of Mount Etna's eruption on 12 April 2012
Global distribution of Asian, Middle Eastern, and North African dust simulated by CESM1/CARMA
Opinion: Coordinated development of emission inventories for climate forcers and air pollutants
Linking gas, particulate, and toxic endpoints to air emissions in the Community Regional Atmospheric Chemistry Multiphase Mechanism (CRACMM) version 1.0
Seasonal modeling analysis of nitrate formation pathways in Yangtze River Delta region, China
Modeling radiative and climatic effects of brown carbon aerosols with the ARPEGE-Climat global climate model
Numerical simulation of the impact of COVID-19 lockdown on tropospheric composition and aerosol radiative forcing in Europe
Evaluation of the WRF and CHIMERE models for the simulation of PM2.5 in large East African urban conurbations
Impact of urban heat island on inorganic aerosol in the lower free troposphere: a case study in Hangzhou, China
Statistical and machine learning methods for evaluating trends in air quality under changing meteorological conditions
Simulating the radiative forcing of oceanic dimethylsulfide (DMS) in Asia based on machine learning estimates
Quantifying the effects of mixing state on aerosol optical properties
Secondary organic aerosol formation via multiphase reaction of hydrocarbons in urban atmospheres using CAMx integrated with the UNIPAR model
Contrasting source contributions of Arctic black carbon to atmospheric concentrations, deposition flux, and atmospheric and snow radiative effects
Simulating organic aerosol in Delhi with WRF-Chem using the VBS approach: Exploring model uncertainty with a Gaussian Process emulator
Effect of dust on rainfall over the Red Sea coast based on WRF-Chem model simulations
A new assessment of global and regional budgets, fluxes, and lifetimes of atmospheric reactive N and S gases and aerosols
Limitations in representation of physical processes prevent successful simulation of PM2.5 during KORUS-AQ
Eurodelta multi-model simulated and observed particulate matter trends in Europe in the period of 1990–2010
Elucidating the critical oligomeric steps in secondary organic aerosol and brown carbon formation
Fast climate responses to emission reductions in aerosol and ozone precursors in China during 2013–2017
Secondary PM2.5 decreases significantly less than NO2 emission reductions during COVID lockdown in Germany
Modelling wintertime Arctic Haze and sea-spray aerosols
Molecular-level nucleation mechanism of iodic acid and methanesulfonic acid
Estimation of secondary PM2.5 in China and the United States using a multi-tracer approach
Two-way coupled meteorology and air quality models in Asia: a systematic review and meta-analysis of impacts of aerosol feedbacks on meteorology and air quality
OCEANFILMS (Organic Compounds from Ecosystems to Aerosols: Natural Films and Interfaces via Langmuir Molecular Surfactants) sea spray organic aerosol emissions – implementation in a global climate model and impacts on clouds
The pathway of impacts of aerosol direct effects on secondary inorganic aerosol formation
The impact of molecular self-organisation on the atmospheric fate of a cooking aerosol proxy
The formation and mitigation of nitrate pollution: comparison between urban and suburban environments
Impacts of aerosol–photolysis interaction and aerosol–radiation feedback on surface-layer ozone in North China during multi-pollutant air pollution episodes
Reducing future air-pollution-related premature mortality over Europe by mitigating emissions from the energy sector: assessing an 80 % renewable energies scenario
The impact of chlorine chemistry combined with heterogeneous N2O5 reactions on air quality in China
OH-initiated atmospheric degradation of hydroxyalkyl hydroperoxides: mechanism, kinetics, and structure–activity relationship
A predictive viscosity model for aqueous electrolytes and mixed organic–inorganic aerosol phases
The role of organic acids in new particle formation from methanesulfonic acid and methylamine
The number fraction of iron-containing particles affects OH, HO2 and H2O2 budgets in the atmospheric aqueous phase
Xuemei Wang, Hamish Gordon, Daniel P. Grosvenor, Meinrat O. Andreae, and Ken S. Carslaw
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 4431–4461, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-4431-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-4431-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
New particle formation in the upper troposphere is important for the global boundary layer aerosol population, and they can be transported downward in Amazonia. We use a global and a regional model to quantify the number of aerosols that are formed at high altitude and transported downward in a 1000 km region. We find that the majority of the aerosols are from outside the region. This suggests that the 1000 km region is unlikely to be a
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
closed loopfor aerosol formation, transport and growth.
Shixian Zhai, Daniel J. Jacob, Drew C. Pendergrass, Nadia K. Colombi, Viral Shah, Laura Hyesung Yang, Qiang Zhang, Shuxiao Wang, Hwajin Kim, Yele Sun, Jin-Soo Choi, Jin-Soo Park, Gan Luo, Fangqun Yu, Jung-Hun Woo, Younha Kim, Jack E. Dibb, Taehyoung Lee, Jin-Seok Han, Bruce E. Anderson, Ke Li, and Hong Liao
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 4271–4281, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-4271-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-4271-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Anthropogenic fugitive dust in East Asia not only causes severe coarse particulate matter air pollution problems, but also affects fine particulate nitrate. Due to emission control efforts, coarse PM decreased steadily. We find that the decrease of coarse PM is a major driver for a lack of decrease of fine particulate nitrate, as it allows more nitric acid to form fine particulate nitrate. The continuing decrease of coarse PM requires more stringent ammonia and nitrogen oxides emission controls.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Jun-Wei Xu, Jintai Lin, Gan Luo, Jamiu Adeniran, and Hao Kong
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 4149–4163, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-4149-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-4149-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Research on the sources of Chinese PM2.5 pollution has focused on the contributions of China’s domestic emissions. However, the impact of foreign anthropogenic emissions has typically been simplified or neglected. Here we find that foreign anthropogenic emissions play an important role in Chinese PM2.5 pollution through chemical interactions between foreign-transported pollutants and China’s local emissions. Thus, foreign emission reductions are essential for improving Chinese air quality.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Kun Wang, Xiaoyan Ma, Rong Tian, and Fangqun Yu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 4091–4104, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-4091-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-4091-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
From 12 March to 6 April 2016 in Beijing, there were 11 typical new particle formation days, 13 non-event days, and 2 undefined days. We first analyzed the favorable background of new particle formation in Beijing and then conducted the simulations using four nucleation schemes based on a global chemistry transport model (GEOS-Chem) to understand the nucleation mechanism.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Arineh Cholakian, Matthias Beekmann, Guillaume Siour, Isabelle Coll, Manuela Cirtog, Elena Ormeño, Pierre-Marie Flaud, Emilie Perraudin, and Eric Villenave
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 3679–3706, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-3679-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-3679-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This article revolves around the simulation of biogenic secondary organic aerosols in the Landes forest (southwestern France). Several sensitivity cases involving biogenic emission factors, land cover data, anthropogenic emissions, and physical or meteorological parameters were performed and each compared to measurements both in the forest canopy and around the forest. The chemistry behind the formation of these aerosols and their production and transport in the forest canopy is discussed.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Marina Liaskoni, Peter Huszar, Lukáš Bartík, Alvaro Patricio Prieto Perez, Jan Karlický, and Ondřej Vlček
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 3629–3654, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-3629-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-3629-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Wind-blown dust (WBD) emissions emitted from European soils are estimated for the 2007–2016 period, and their impact on the total particulate matter (PM) concentration is calculated. We found a considerable increase in PM concentrations due to such emissions, especially on selected days (rather than on a seasonal average). We also found that WBD emissions are strongest over western Europe, and the highest impacts on PM are calculated for this region.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Yunyao Li, Daniel Tong, Siqi Ma, Saulo R. Freitas, Ravan Ahmadov, Mikhail Sofiev, Xiaoyang Zhang, Shobha Kondragunta, Ralph Kahn, Youhua Tang, Barry Baker, Patrick Campbell, Rick Saylor, Georg Grell, and Fangjun Li
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 3083–3101, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-3083-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-3083-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Plume height is important in wildfire smoke dispersion and affects air quality and human health. We assess the impact of plume height on wildfire smoke dispersion and the exceedances of the National Ambient Air Quality Standards. A higher plume height predicts lower pollution near the source region, but higher pollution in downwind regions, due to the faster spread of the smoke once ejected, affects pollution exceedance forecasts and the early warning of extreme air pollution events.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Wenfu Tang, Simone Tilmes, David M. Lawrence, Fang Li, Cenlin He, Louisa K. Emmons, Rebecca R. Buchholz, and Lili Xia
Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2022-834, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2022-834, 2023
Revised manuscript accepted for ACP
Short summary
Short summary
Globally, total wildfire burned area is projected to increase over the 21st century under scenarios without geoengineering and decrease under the two geoengineering scenarios. Geoengineering reduces fire through decreasing surface temperature and wind speed and increasing relative humidity and soil water. However, geoengineering also yields reductions in precipitation, which offsets some of the fire reduction.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Yunfan Liu, Hang Su, Siwen Wang, Chao Wei, Wei Tao, Mira L. Pöhlker, Christopher Pöhlker, Bruna A. Holanda, Ovid O. Krüger, Thorsten Hoffmann, Manfred Wendisch, Paulo Artaxo, Ulrich Pöschl, Meinrat O. Andreae, and Yafang Cheng
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 251–272, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-251-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-251-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The origins of the abundant cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) in the upper troposphere (UT) of the Amazon remain unclear. With model developments of new secondary organic aerosol schemes and constrained by observation, we show that strong aerosol nucleation and condensation in the UT is triggered by biogenic organics, and organic condensation is key for UT CCN production. This UT CCN-producing mechanism may prevail over broader vegetation canopies and deserves emphasis in aerosol–climate feedback.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Jingyu An, Cheng Huang, Dandan Huang, Momei Qin, Huan Liu, Rusha Yan, Liping Qiao, Min Zhou, Yingjie Li, Shuhui Zhu, Qian Wang, and Hongli Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 323–344, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-323-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-323-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This paper aims to build up an approach to establish a high-resolution emission inventory of intermediate-volatility and semi-volatile organic compounds in city-scale and detailed source categories and incorporate it into the CMAQ model. We believe this approach can be widely applied to improve the simulation of secondary organic aerosol and its source contributions.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Huibin Dai, Hong Liao, Ke Li, Xu Yue, Yang Yang, Jia Zhu, Jianbing Jin, Baojie Li, and Xingwen Jiang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 23–39, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-23-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-23-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We apply the 3-D global chemical transport model (GEOS-Chem) to simulate co-polluted days by O3 and PM2.5 (O3–PM2.5PDs) in Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei in 2013–2020 and investigate the chemical and physical characteristics of O3–PM2.5PDs by composited analyses of such days that are captured by both the observations and the model. We report for the first time the unique features in vertical distributions of aerosols during O3–PM2.5PDs and the physical and chemical characteristics of O3–PM2.5PDs.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Rachel A. Bergin, Monica Harkey, Alicia Hoffman, Richard H. Moore, Bruce Anderson, Andreas Beyersdorf, Luke Ziemba, Lee Thornhill, Edward Winstead, Tracey Holloway, and Timothy H. Bertram
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 15449–15468, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-15449-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-15449-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Correctly predicting aerosol surface area concentrations is important for determining the rate of heterogeneous reactions in chemical transport models. Here, we compare aircraft measurements of aerosol surface area with a regional model. In polluted air masses, we show that the model underpredicts aerosol surface area by a factor of 2. Despite this disagreement, the representation of heterogeneous chemistry still dominates the overall uncertainty in the loss rate of molecules such as N2O5.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Long Chen, Yu Huang, Yonggang Xue, Zhihui Jia, and Wenliang Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 14529–14546, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-14529-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-14529-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Quantum chemical methods are applied to gain insight into the oligomerization reaction mechanisms and kinetics of distinct stabilized Criegee intermediate (SCI) reactions with hydroperoxide esters, where calculations show that SCI addition reactions with hydroperoxide esters proceed through the successive insertion of SCIs to form oligomers that involve SCIs as the repeating unit. The saturated vapor pressure of the formed oligomers decreases monotonically with the increasing number of SCIs.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Mathieu Lachatre, Sylvain Mailler, Laurent Menut, Arineh Cholakian, Pasquale Sellitto, Guillaume Siour, Henda Guermazi, Giuseppe Salerno, and Salvatore Giammanco
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 13861–13879, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-13861-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-13861-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
In this study, we have evaluated the predominance of various pathways of volcanic SO2 conversion to sulfates in the upper troposphere. We show that the main conversion pathway was gaseous oxidation by OH, although the liquid pathways were expected to be predominant. These results are interesting with respect to a better understanding of sulfate formation in the middle and upper troposphere and are an important component to help evaluate particulate matter radiative forcing.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Siying Lian, Luxi Zhou, Daniel M. Murphy, Karl D. Froyd, Owen B. Toon, and Pengfei Yu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 13659–13676, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-13659-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-13659-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Parameterizations of dust lifting and microphysical properties of dust in climate models are still subject to large uncertainty. Here we use a sectional aerosol climate model to investigate the global vertical distributions of the dust. Constrained by a suite of observations, the model suggests that, although North African dust dominates global dust mass loading at the surface, the relative contribution of Asian dust increases with altitude and becomes dominant in the upper troposphere.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Steven J. Smith, Erin E. McDuffie, and Molly Charles
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 13201–13218, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-13201-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-13201-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Emissions into the atmosphere of greenhouse gases (GHGs) and air pollutants, quantified in emission inventories, impact human health, ecosystems, and the climate. We review how air pollutant and GHG inventory activities have historically been structured and their different uses and requirements. We discuss the benefits of increasing coordination between air pollutant and GHG inventory development efforts, but also caution that there are differences in appropriate methodologies and applications.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Havala O. T. Pye, Bryan K. Place, Benjamin N. Murphy, Karl M. Seltzer, Emma L. D'Ambro, Christine Allen, Ivan R. Piletic, Sara Farrell, Rebecca H. Schwantes, Matthew M. Coggon, Emily Saunders, Lu Xu, Golam Sarwar, William T. Hutzell, Kristen M. Foley, George Pouliot, Jesse Bash, and William R. Stockwell
Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2022-695, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2022-695, 2022
Revised manuscript accepted for ACP
Short summary
Short summary
Chemical mechanisms describe how emissions from vehicles, chemical products, vegetation, and other sources are chemically transformed in the atmosphere to secondary products. The Community Regional Atmospheric Chemistry Multiphase Mechanism is a new mechanism that integrates radical chemistry leading to gas-phase endpoints with pathways to fine particle mass. In addition, some hazardous air pollutants are explicitly included to enable calculation of health risks from specific chemicals.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Jinjin Sun, Momei Qin, Xiaodong Xie, Wenxing Fu, Yang Qin, Li Sheng, Lin Li, Jingyi Li, Ishaq Dimeji Sulaymon, Lei Jiang, Lin Huang, Xingna Yu, and Jianlin Hu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 12629–12646, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-12629-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-12629-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
NO3- has become the dominant and the least reduced chemical component of fine particulate matter in China. NO3- formation is mostly in the NH3-rich regime in the Yangtze River Delta (YRD). OH + NO2 contributes 60 %–83 % of the TNO3 production rates, and the N2O5 heterogeneous pathway contributes 10 %–36 %. The N2O5 heterogeneous pathway becomes more important in cold seasons. Local emissions and regional transportation contribute 50 %–62 % and 38 %–50 % to YRD NO3- concentrations, respectively.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Thomas Drugé, Pierre Nabat, Marc Mallet, Martine Michou, Samuel Rémy, and Oleg Dubovik
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 12167–12205, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-12167-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-12167-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This study presents the implementation of brown carbon in the atmospheric component of the CNRM global climate model and particularly in its aerosol scheme TACTIC. Several simulations were carried out with this climate model, over the period 2000–2014, to evaluate the model by comparison with different reference datasets (PARASOL-GRASP, OMI-OMAERUVd, MACv2, FMI_SAT, AERONET) and to analyze the brown carbon radiative and climatic effects.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Simon F. Reifenberg, Anna Martin, Matthias Kohl, Sara Bacer, Zaneta Hamryszczak, Ivan Tadic, Lenard Röder, Daniel J. Crowley, Horst Fischer, Katharina Kaiser, Johannes Schneider, Raphael Dörich, John N. Crowley, Laura Tomsche, Andreas Marsing, Christiane Voigt, Andreas Zahn, Christopher Pöhlker, Bruna A. Holanda, Ovid Krüger, Ulrich Pöschl, Mira Pöhlker, Patrick Jöckel, Marcel Dorf, Ulrich Schumann, Jonathan Williams, Birger Bohn, Joachim Curtius, Hardwig Harder, Hans Schlager, Jos Lelieveld, and Andrea Pozzer
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 10901–10917, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-10901-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-10901-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
In this work we use a combination of observational data from an aircraft campaign and model results to investigate the effect of the European lockdown due to COVID-19 in spring 2020. Using model results, we show that the largest relative changes to the atmospheric composition caused by the reduced emissions are located in the upper troposphere around aircraft cruise altitude, while the largest absolute changes are present at the surface.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Andrea Mazzeo, Michael Burrow, Andrew Quinn, Eloise A. Marais, Ajit Singh, David Ng'ang'a, Michael J. Gatari, and Francis D. Pope
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 10677–10701, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-10677-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-10677-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
A modelling system for meteorology and chemistry transport processes, WRF–CHIMERE, has been tested and validated for three East African conurbations using the most up-to-date anthropogenic emissions available. Results show that the model is able to reproduce hourly and daily temporal variabilities in aerosol concentrations that are close to observations in both urban and rural environments, encouraging the adoption of numerical modelling as a tool for air quality management in East Africa.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Hanqing Kang, Bin Zhu, Gerrit de Leeuw, Bu Yu, Ronald J. van der A, and Wen Lu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 10623–10634, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-10623-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-10623-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This study quantified the contribution of each urban-induced meteorological effect (temperature, humidity, and circulation) to aerosol concentration. We found that the urban heat island (UHI) circulation dominates the UHI effects on aerosol. The UHI circulation transports aerosol and its precursor gases from the warmer lower boundary layer to the colder lower free troposphere and promotes the secondary formation of ammonium nitrate aerosol in the cold atmosphere.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Minghao Qiu, Corwin Zigler, and Noelle E. Selin
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 10551–10566, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-10551-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-10551-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Evaluating impacts of emission changes on air quality requires accounting for meteorological variability. Many studies use simple regression methods to correct for meteorology, but little is known about their performance. Using cases in the US and China, we show that widely used regression models do not perform well and can lead to biased estimates of emission-driven trends. We propose a novel machine learning method with lower bias and provide recommendations to policymakers and researchers.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Junri Zhao, Weichun Ma, Kelsey R. Bilsback, Jeffrey R. Pierce, Shengqian Zhou, Ying Chen, Guipeng Yang, and Yan Zhang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 9583–9600, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-9583-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-9583-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Marine dimethylsulfide (DMS) emissions play important roles in atmospheric sulfur cycle and climate effects. In this study, DMS emissions were estimated by using the machine learning method and drove the global 3D chemical transport model to simulate their climate effects. To our knowledge, this is the first study in the Asian region that quantifies the combined impacts of DMS on sulfate, particle number concentration, and radiative forcings.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Yu Yao, Jeffrey H. Curtis, Joseph Ching, Zhonghua Zheng, and Nicole Riemer
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 9265–9282, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-9265-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-9265-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Investigating the impacts of aerosol mixing state on aerosol optical properties has a long history from both the modeling and experimental perspective. In this study, we used particle-resolved simulations as a benchmark to determine the error in optical properties when using simplified aerosol representations. We found that errors in single scattering albedo due to the internal mixture assumptions can have substantial effects on calculating aerosol direct radiative forcing.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Zechen Yu, Myoseon Jang, Soontae Kim, Kyuwon Son, Sanghee Han, Azad Madhu, and Jinsoo Park
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 9083–9098, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-9083-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-9083-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The UNIPAR model was incorporated into CAMx to predict the ambient concentration of organic matter in urban atmospheres during the KORUS-AQ campaign. CAMx–UNIPAR significantly improved the simulation of SOA formation under the wet aerosol condition through the consideration of aqueous reactions of reactive organic species and gas–aqueous partitioning into the wet inorganic aerosol.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Hitoshi Matsui, Tatsuhiro Mori, Sho Ohata, Nobuhiro Moteki, Naga Oshima, Kumiko Goto-Azuma, Makoto Koike, and Yutaka Kondo
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 8989–9009, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-8989-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-8989-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Using a global aerosol model, we find that the source contributions to radiative effects of black carbon (BC) in the Arctic are quite different from those to mass concentrations and deposition flux of BC in the Arctic. This is because microphysical properties (e.g., mixing state), altitudes, and seasonal variations of BC in the atmosphere differ among emissions sources. These differences need to be considered for accurate simulations of Arctic BC and its source contributions and climate impacts.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Ernesto Reyes-Villegas, Doug Lowe, Jill Johnson, Kenneth S. Carslaw, Eoghan Darbyshire, Michael Flynn, James D. Allan, Hugh Coe, Ying Chen, Oliver Wild, Scott Archer-Nicholls, Alex Archibald, Siddhartha Singh, Manish Shrivastava, Rahul A. Zaveri, Vikas Singh, Gufran Beig, Ranjeet Sokhi, and Gordon McFiggans
Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2022-463, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2022-463, 2022
Revised manuscript accepted for ACP
Short summary
Short summary
Organic aerosols (OA), their sources and processes remain poorly understood. The volatility basis set (VBS) approach, implemented in air quality models such as WRF-Chem, can be a useful tool to describe POA production and aging. However, the main disadvantage is its complexity. We used a Gaussian process simulator to reproduce model results and estimate the sources of model uncertainty. We do this by comparing the outputs with OA observations taken at Delhi, India in 2018.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Sagar P. Parajuli, Georgiy L. Stenchikov, Alexander Ukhov, Suleiman Mostamandi, Paul A. Kucera, Duncan Axisa, William I. Gustafson Jr., and Yannian Zhu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 8659–8682, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-8659-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-8659-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Rainfall affects the distribution of surface- and groundwater resources, which are constantly declining over the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) due to overexploitation. Here, we explored the effects of dust on rainfall using WRF-Chem model simulations. Although dust is considered a nuisance from an air quality perspective, our results highlight the positive fundamental role of dust particles in modulating rainfall formation and distribution, which has implications for cloud seeding.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Yao Ge, Massimo Vieno, David S. Stevenson, Peter Wind, and Mathew R. Heal
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 8343–8368, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-8343-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-8343-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Reactive N and S gases and aerosols are critical determinants of air quality. We report a comprehensive analysis of the concentrations, wet and dry deposition, fluxes, and lifetimes of these species globally as well as for 10 world regions. We used the EMEP MSC-W model coupled with WRF meteorology and 2015 global emissions. Our work demonstrates the substantial regional variation in these quantities and the need for modelling to simulate atmospheric responses to precursor emissions.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Katherine R. Travis, James H. Crawford, Gao Chen, Carolyn E. Jordan, Benjamin A. Nault, Hwajin Kim, Jose L. Jimenez, Pedro Campuzano-Jost, Jack E. Dibb, Jung-Hun Woo, Younha Kim, Shixian Zhai, Xuan Wang, Erin E. McDuffie, Gan Luo, Fangqun Yu, Saewung Kim, Isobel J. Simpson, Donald R. Blake, Limseok Chang, and Michelle J. Kim
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 7933–7958, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-7933-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-7933-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The 2016 Korea–United States Air Quality (KORUS-AQ) field campaign provided a unique set of observations to improve our understanding of PM2.5 pollution in South Korea. Models typically have errors in simulating PM2.5 in this region, which is of concern for the development of control measures. We use KORUS-AQ observations to improve our understanding of the mechanisms driving PM2.5 and the implications of model errors for determining PM2.5 that is attributable to local or foreign sources.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Svetlana Tsyro, Wenche Aas, Augustin Colette, Camilla Andersson, Bertrand Bessagnet, Giancarlo Ciarelli, Florian Couvidat, Kees Cuvelier, Astrid Manders, Kathleen Mar, Mihaela Mircea, Noelia Otero, Maria-Teresa Pay, Valentin Raffort, Yelva Roustan, Mark R. Theobald, Marta G. Vivanco, Hilde Fagerli, Peter Wind, Gino Briganti, Andrea Cappelletti, Massimo D'Isidoro, and Mario Adani
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 7207–7257, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-7207-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-7207-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Particulate matter (PM) air pollution causes adverse health effects. In Europe, the emissions caused by anthropogenic activities have been reduced in the last decades. To assess the efficiency of emission reductions in improving air quality, we have studied the evolution of PM pollution in Europe. Simulations with six air quality models and observational data indicate a decrease in PM concentrations by 10 % to 30 % across Europe from 2000 to 2010, which is mainly a result of emission reductions.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Yuemeng Ji, Qiuju Shi, Xiaohui Ma, Lei Gao, Jiaxin Wang, Yixin Li, Yanpeng Gao, Guiying Li, Renyi Zhang, and Taicheng An
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 7259–7271, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-7259-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-7259-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The formation mechanisms of secondary organic aerosol and brown carbon from small α-carbonyls are still unclear. Thus, the mechanisms and kinetics of aqueous-phase reactions of glyoxal were investigated using quantum chemical and kinetic rate calculations. Several essential isomeric processes were identified, including protonation to yield diol/tetrol and carbenium ions as well as nucleophilic addition of carbenium ions to diol/tetrol and free methylamine/ammonia.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Jiyuan Gao, Yang Yang, Hailong Wang, Pinya Wang, Huimin Li, Mengyun Li, Lili Ren, Xu Yue, and Hong Liao
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 7131–7142, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-7131-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-7131-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
China has been implementing a sequence of policies for clean air since the year 2013. The aerosol decline produced a 0.09 ± 0.10°C warming during 2013–2017 estimated in this study, and the increase in ozone in the lower troposphere during this time period accelerated the warming, leading to a total 0.16 ± 0.15°C temperature increase in eastern China. Residential emission reductions led to a cooling effect because of a substantial decrease in light-absorbing aerosols.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Vigneshkumar Balamurugan, Jia Chen, Zhen Qu, Xiao Bi, and Frank N. Keutsch
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 7105–7129, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-7105-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-7105-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
In this study, we investigated the response of secondary pollutants to changes in precursor emissions, focusing on the formation of secondary PM, during the COVID-19 lockdown period. We show that, due to the decrease in primary NOx emissions, atmospheric oxidizing capacity is increased. The nighttime increase in ozone, caused by less NO titration, results in higher NO3 radicals, which contribute significantly to the formation of PM nitrates. O3 should be limited in order to control PM pollution.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Eleftherios Ioannidis, Kathy S. Law, Jean-Christophe Raut, Louis Marelle, Tatsuo Onishi, Rachel M. Kirpes, Lucia Upchurch, Andreas Massling, Henrik Skov, Patricia K. Quinn, and Kerri A. Pratt
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2022-310, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2022-310, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Enhanced concentrations of aerosols influence the Arctic region during wintertime and winter-spring transition, transported from mid-latitude source regions. However, there are also local anthropogenic and natural (sea-spray aerosols – SSA) sources. SSA are a major contributor to PM1.0/PM10 at remote coastal sites during wintertime, however, models tend to miss essential mechanisms for SSA production and local sources of marine organics in the Arctic. This study addresses these uncertainties.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
An Ning, Ling Liu, Lin Ji, and Xiuhui Zhang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 6103–6114, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-6103-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-6103-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Iodic acid (IA) and methanesulfonic acid (MSA) were previously proved to be significant nucleation precursors in marine areas. However, the nucleation process involved in IA and MSA remains unclear. We show the enhancement of MSA on IA cluster formation and reveal the IAM-SA nucleating mechanism using a theoretical approach. This study helps to understand the clustering process in which marine sulfur- and iodine-containing species are jointly involved and its impact on new particle formation.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Haoran Zhang, Nan Li, Keqin Tang, Hong Liao, Chong Shi, Cheng Huang, Hongli Wang, Song Guo, Min Hu, Xinlei Ge, Mindong Chen, Zhenxin Liu, Huan Yu, and Jianlin Hu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 5495–5514, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-5495-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-5495-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We developed a new algorithm with low economic/technique costs to identify primary and secondary components of PM2.5. Our model was shown to be reliable by comparison with different observation datasets. We systematically explored the patterns and changes in the secondary PM2.5 pollution in China at large spatial and time scales. We believe that this method is a promising tool for efficiently estimating primary and secondary PM2.5, and has huge potential for future PM mitigation.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Chao Gao, Aijun Xiu, Xuelei Zhang, Qingqing Tong, Hongmei Zhao, Shichun Zhang, Guangyi Yang, and Mengduo Zhang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 5265–5329, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-5265-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-5265-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
With ever-growing applications of two-way coupled meteorology and air quality models in Asia over the past decade, this paper summarizes the current status and research focuses, as well as how aerosol effects impact model performance, meteorology, and air quality. These models enable investigations of ARI and ACI effects induced by natural and anthropogenic aerosols in Asia, which has serious air pollution problems. The current gaps and perspectives are also presented and discussed.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Susannah M. Burrows, Richard C. Easter, Xiaohong Liu, Po-Lun Ma, Hailong Wang, Scott M. Elliott, Balwinder Singh, Kai Zhang, and Philip J. Rasch
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 5223–5251, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-5223-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-5223-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Sea spray particles are composed of a mixture of salts and organic substances from oceanic microorganisms. In prior work, our team developed an approach connecting sea spray chemistry to ocean biology, called OCEANFILMS. Here we describe its implementation within an Earth system model, E3SM. We show that simulated sea spray chemistry is consistent with observed seasonal cycles and that sunlight reflected by simulated Southern Ocean clouds increases, consistent with analysis of satellite data.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Jiandong Wang, Jia Xing, Shuxiao Wang, Rohit Mathur, Jiaping Wang, Yuqiang Zhang, Chao Liu, Jonathan Pleim, Dian Ding, Xing Chang, Jingkun Jiang, Peng Zhao, Shovan Kumar Sahu, Yuzhi Jin, David C. Wong, and Jiming Hao
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 5147–5156, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-5147-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-5147-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Aerosols reduce surface solar radiation and change the photolysis rate and planetary boundary layer stability. In this study, the online coupled meteorological and chemistry model was used to explore the detailed pathway of how aerosol direct effects affect secondary inorganic aerosol. The effects through the dynamics pathway act as an equally or even more important route compared with the photolysis pathway in affecting secondary aerosol concentration in both summer and winter.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Adam Milsom, Adam M. Squires, Andrew D. Ward, and Christian Pfrang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 4895–4907, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-4895-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-4895-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Cooking emissions can self-organise into nanostructured lamellar bilayers, and this can influence reaction kinetics. We developed a kinetic multi-layer model-based description of decay data we obtained from laboratory experiments of the ozonolysis of coated films of such a self-organised system, demonstrating a decreased diffusivity for both oleic acid and ozone. Nanostructure formation can thus increase the reactive half-life of oleic acid by days under typical indoor and outdoor conditions.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Suxia Yang, Bin Yuan, Yuwen Peng, Shan Huang, Wei Chen, Weiwei Hu, Chenglei Pei, Jun Zhou, David D. Parrish, Wenjie Wang, Xianjun He, Chunlei Cheng, Xiao-Bing Li, Xiaoyun Yang, Yu Song, Haichao Wang, Jipeng Qi, Baolin Wang, Chen Wang, Chaomin Wang, Zelong Wang, Tiange Li, E Zheng, Sihang Wang, Caihong Wu, Mingfu Cai, Chenshuo Ye, Wei Song, Peng Cheng, Duohong Chen, Xinming Wang, Zhanyi Zhang, Xuemei Wang, Junyu Zheng, and Min Shao
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 4539–4556, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-4539-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-4539-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We use a model constrained using observations to study the formation of nitrate aerosol in and downwind of a representative megacity. We found different contributions of various chemical reactions to ground-level nitrate concentrations between urban and suburban regions. We also show that controlling VOC emissions are effective for decreasing nitrate formation in both urban and regional environments, although VOCs are not direct precursors of nitrate aerosol.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Hao Yang, Lei Chen, Hong Liao, Jia Zhu, Wenjie Wang, and Xin Li
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 4101–4116, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-4101-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-4101-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Aerosols can influence O3 through aerosol–radiation interactions, including aerosol–photolysis interaction (API) and aerosol–radiation feedback (ARF). The weakened photolysis rates and changed meteorological conditions reduce surface-layer O3 concentrations by up to 9.3–11.4 ppb, with API and ARF contributing 74.6 %–90.0 % and 10.0 %–25.4 % of the O3 decrease in three episodes, respectively, which indicates that API is the dominant way for O3 reduction related to aerosol–radiation interactions.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Patricia Tarín-Carrasco, Ulas Im, Camilla Geels, Laura Palacios-Peña, and Pedro Jiménez-Guerrero
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 3945–3965, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-3945-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-3945-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The evidence of the effects of atmospheric pollution (and particularly fine particulate matter, PM2.5) on human mortality is now unquestionable. Here, 895 000 annual premature deaths (PD) are estimated for the present (1991–2010), which increases to 1 540 000 in the year 2050 due to the ageing of the European population. The implementation of a mitigation scenario (80 % of the energy production in Europe from renewable sources) could lead to a decrease of over 60 000 annual PD for the year 2050.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Xiajie Yang, Qiaoqiao Wang, Nan Ma, Weiwei Hu, Yang Gao, Zhijiong Huang, Junyu Zheng, Bin Yuan, Ning Yang, Jiangchuan Tao, Juan Hong, Yafang Cheng, and Hang Su
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 3743–3762, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-3743-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-3743-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We use the GEOS-Chem model with additional anthropogenic and biomass burning chlorine emissions combined with updated parameterizations for N2O5 + Cl chemistry to investigate the impacts of chlorine chemistry on air quality in China. Our study not only significantly improves the model's performance but also demonstrates the importance of non-sea-salt chlorine sources as well as an appropriate parameterization for N2O5 + Cl chemistry to the impact of chlorine chemistry in China.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Long Chen, Yu Huang, Yonggang Xue, Zhihui Jia, and Wenliang Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 3693–3711, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-3693-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-3693-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Quantum chemical methods are applied to gain insight into the detailed mechanisms of OH-initiated oxidation of distinct HHPs. The dominant pathway is H-abstraction from the -OOH group in the initiation reactions of the OH radical with HOCH2OOH and HOC(CH3)2OOH. H-abstraction from -CH group is competitive with that from the -OOH group in the reaction of the OH radical with HOCH(CH3)OOH. The barrier of H-abstraction from the -OOH group is slightly increased as the methyl group number increases.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Joseph Lilek and Andreas Zuend
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 3203–3233, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-3203-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-3203-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Depending on temperature and chemical makeup, certain aerosols can be highly viscous or glassy, with atmospheric implications. We have therefore implemented two major upgrades to the predictive viscosity model AIOMFAC-VISC. First, we created a new viscosity model for aqueous electrolyte solutions containing an arbitrary number of ion species. Second, we integrated the electrolyte model within the existing AIOMFAC-VISC framework to enable viscosity predictions for organic–inorganic mixtures.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Rongjie Zhang, Jiewen Shen, Hong-Bin Xie, Jingwen Chen, and Jonas Elm
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 2639–2650, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-2639-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-2639-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Formic acid is screened out as the species that can effectively catalyze the new particle formation (NPF) of the methanesulfonic acid (MSA)–methylamine system, indicating organic acids might be required to facilitate MSA-driven NPF in the atmosphere. The results are significant to comprehensively understand the MSA-driven NPF and expand current knowledge of the contribution of OAs to NPF.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Amina Khaled, Minghui Zhang, and Barbara Ervens
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 1989–2009, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-1989-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-1989-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Chemical reactions with iron in clouds and aerosol form and cycle reactive oxygen species (ROS). Previous model studies assumed that all cloud droplets (particles) contain iron, while single-particle analyses showed otherwise. By means of a model, we explore the bias in predicted ROS budgets by distributing a given iron mass to either all or only a few droplets (particles). Implications for oxidation potential, radical loss and iron oxidation state are discussed.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Cited articles
Alpert, P. A., Aller, J. Y., and Knopf, D. A.: Ice nucleation from aqueous NaCl droplets with and without marine diatoms, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 5539–5555, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-5539-2011, 2011a.
Alpert, P. A., Aller, J. Y., and Knopf, D. A.: Initiation of the ice phase by marine biogenic surfaces in supersaturated gas and supercooled aqueous phases, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 13, 19882–19894, https://doi.org/10.1039/c1cp21844a, 2011b.
Aluwihare, L. I., Repeta, D. J., and Chen, R. F.: A major biopolymeric component to dissolved organic carbon in surface sea water, Nature, 387, 6629, 166–169, 1997.
Andreae, M. O.: Aerosols before pollution, Science, 315, 50–51, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1136529, 2007.
Andreae, M. O. and Rosenfeld, D.: Aerosol-cloud-precipitation interactions, Part 1, The nature and sources of cloud-active aerosols, Earth Sci. Rev., 89, 13–41, 2008.
Barger, W. R. and Garrett, W. D.: Surface active organic material in the marine atmosphere, J. Geophys. Res., 75, 4561–4566, 1970.
Barger, W. R. and Garrett, W. D.: Surface-active organic material in air over the mediterranean and over the eastern equatorial pacific, J. Geophys. Res., 81, 3151–3157, 1976.
Barker, D. R. and Zeitlin, H.: Metal-ion concentrations in sea-surface microlayer and size separated atmospheric aerosol samples in Hawaii, J. Geophys. Res., 77, 5076–5086, 1972.
Bates, T. S., Calhoun, J. A., and Quinn, P. K.: Variations in the concentration ratio of methane-sulfonate to sulfate in marine aerosol particles over the South Pacific Ocean, J. Geophys. Res., 97, 9859–9865, 1992.
Bates, T. S., Quinn, P. K., Coffman, D. J., Johnson, J. E., and Middlebrook, A. M.: Dominance of organic aerosols in the marine boundary layer over the Gulf of Maine during NEAQS 2002 and their role in aerosol light scattering, J. Geophys. Res., 110, D18202, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005JD005797, 2005.
Bates, T. S., Quinn, P. K., Frossard, A. A., Russell, L. M., Hakala J., Petäjä, T., Kulmala, M., Covert, D. S., Cappa, C. D., Li, S.-M., Hayden, K. L., Nuaaman, I., McLaren, R., Massoli, P., Canagaratna, M. R, Onasch, T. B., Sueper, D., Worsnop, D. R., and Keene, W. C.: Measurements of ocean derived aerosol off the coast of California, J. Geophys. Res., 117, D00V15, https://doi.org/10.1029/2012JD017588, 2012.
Bauer, J. E.: Carbon isotopic composition of DOM, in Biogeochemistry of marine dissolved organic matter, edited by: Hansell, D. A. and Carlson, C. A., Academic Press, San Diego, CA, USA, 405–453, 2002.
Benner, R.: Chemical composition and reactivity, in Biogeochemistry of marine dissolved organic matter, edited D. A. Hansell and C. A. Carlson, Academic Press, San Diego, CA, USA, 59–90, 2002.
Benner, R., Pakulaki, J. D., McCarthy, M., Hegdes, J. I., and Hatcher, P. G.: Bulk chemical characteristics of dissolved organic matter in the ocean, Science, 255, 1561–1564, 1992.
Bigg, E. K.: Ice nucleus concentrations in remote areas, J. Atmos. Sci., 30, 1153–1157, 1973.
Bigg, E. K. and Leck, C.: Cloud-active particles over the central Arctic Ocean, J. Geophys. Res., 106, 32155–32166, https://doi.org/10.1029/1999JD901152, 2001.
Bigg, E. K. and Leck, C.: The composition of fragments of bubbles bursting at the ocean surface, J. Geophys. Res., 113, D11209, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007JD009078, 2008.
Blanchard, D. C.: The electrification of the atmosphere by particles from bubbles in the sea, Prog. Oceanogr., 1, 71–202, 1963.
Blanchard, D. C.: Sea-to-air transport of surface active material, Science, 146, 396–397, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.146.3642.396, 1964.
Blanchard, D. C.: Surface active organic material on airborne salt particles, Proc. Int. Conf.-Cloud Physics, 25-29, Toronto, Canada, 1968.
Blanchard, D. C. and Woodcock A. H.: Bubble formation and modification in the sea and its meteorological significance, Tellus, 9, 145–158, 1957.
Bonsang, B., Polle, C., and Lambert, G.: Evidence for marine production of isoprene, Geophys. Res. Lett., 19, 1129–1132, 1992.
Boutton, T. W.: Stable carbon isotope ratios of natural materials: II. Atmospheric, terrestrial, marine, and freshwater environments, in: Carbon Isotope Techniques, Academic Press, New York, USA, 173–184, 1991.
Burrows, S. M., Hoose, C., Pöschl, U., and Lawrence, M. G.: Ice nuclei in marine air: biogenic particles or dust?, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 245–267, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-245-2013, 2013.
Cachier, H.: Isotopic characterization of carbonaceous aerosols, Aerosol Sci. Technol., 10, 379–385, 1989.
Carslaw, K. S., Boucher, O., Spracklen, D. V., Mann, G. W., Rae, J. G. L., Woodward, S., and Kulmala, M.: A review of natural aerosol interactions and feedbacks within the Earth system, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 1701-1737, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-1701-2010, 2010.
Cavalli, F., Facchini, M. C., Decesari, S., Mircea, M., Emblicia, L., Fuzzi, S., Ceburnis, D., Yoon, Y. J., O'Dowd, C. D., Putaud, J.-P., and Dell'Acqua, A.: Advances in characterization of size resolved organic matter in marine aerosol over the North Atlantic, J. Geophys. Res., 109, D24215, https://doi.org/10.1029/2004JD005137, 2004.
Ceburnis, D., Garbaras, A., Szidat, S., Rinaldi, M., Fahrni, S., Perron, N., Wacker, L., Leinert, S., Remeikis, V., Facchini, M. C., Prevot, A. S. H., Jennings, S. G., Ramonet, M., and O'Dowd, C. D.: Quantification of the carbonaceous matter origin in submicron marine aerosol by 13C and 14C isotope analysis, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 8593–8606, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-8593-2011, 2011.
Charlson, R. J., Lovelock, J. E. Andreae, M. O., and Warren, S. G.: Oceanic phytoplankton, atmospheric sulphur, cloud albedo and climate, Nature, 326, 6114, 655–661, 1987.
Chesselet, R., Fontugne, M., Buatmenard, P., Ezat, U., and Lambert, C. E.: The origin of particulate organic carbon in the marine atmosphere as indicated by its stable carbon isotopic composition, Geophys. Res. Lett., 8, 345–348, 1981.
Clarke, A.: Aerosol light absorption by soot in remote environments, Aerosol Sci. Technol., 10, 161–171, 1989.
Craig, H.: The geochemistry of the stable carbon isotopes, Geochim. Cosmochim. Ac., 3, 53–92, 1953.
Decesari, S., Finessi, E., Rinaldi, M., Paglione, M., Fuzzi, S., Stephanou, E., Tziaras, T., Spyros, A., Ceburnis, D., O'Dowd, C. D., Dall'Osto, M., Harrison, R., Allan, J., Coe, H., and Facchini, M. C.: Primary and secondary marine organic aerosols over the North Atlantic Ocean during the MAP experiment, J. Geophys. Res., 116, D22210, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011JD016204, 2011.
de Leeuw, G., Moerman, M., Zappa, C. J., McGillis, W. R., Norris, S. J., and Smith, M. H.: Eddy Correlation Measurements of Sea Spray Aerosol Fluxes, in: Transport at the Air Sea Interface, edited by: Garbe, C. S., Handler, R. A., and Jähne, B., Springer-Verlag Berlin, Heidelberg, Germany, 2007.
de Leeuw, G., Andreas, E. L., Anguelova, M. D., Fairall, C. W., Lewis, E. R., O'Dowd, C., Schulz, M., and Schwartz, S. E.: Production flux of sea spray aerosol, Rev. Geophys., 49, RG2001, https://doi.org/10.1029/2010RG000349, 2011.
Duce, R. A.: Speculations on the budget of particulate and vapor phase nonmethane organic carbon in the global troposphere, Pure Appl. Geophys., 116, 244-273, 1978.
Ellison, G. B., Tuck, A. F., and Vaida, V.: Atmospheric processing of organic aerosols, J. Geophys. Res., 104, 11633–11641, 1999.
Eriksson, E.: The yearly circulation of chloride and sulfur in nature: meteorological, geochemical, and pedological implications, Part 1, Tellus, 11, 375–403, 1959.
Facchini, M. C., Decesari, S., Rinaldi, M., Carbone, C., Finessi, E., Mircea, M., Fuzzi, S., Moretti, F., Tagliavini, E., Ceburnis, D., and O'Dowd, C. D.: Important source of marine secondary organic aerosol from biogenic amines, Environ. Sci. Technol., 42, 9116–9121, 2008a.
Facchini, M. C., Rinaldi, M., Decesari, S., Carbone, C., Finessi, E., Mircea, M., Fuzzi, S., Ceburnis, D., Flanagan, R., Nilsson, D., de Leeuw, G., Martino, M., Woeltjen, J., and O'Dowd, C. D.: Primary sub-micron marine aerosol dominated by insoluble organic colloids and aggregates, Geophys. Res. Lett., 35, L17814, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008GL034210, 2008b.
Fang, J., Kawamura, K., Ishimura, Y., and Matsumoto, K.: Carbon isotopic composition of fatty acids in the marine aerosols from the western North Pacific: Implication for the source and atmospheric transport, Environ. Sci. Technol., 36, 2598–2604, https://doi.org/10.1021/es015863m, 2002.
Fry, B., Hopkinson C. S. Jr., Nolin, A., and Wainright, S. C.: 13C/12C composition of marine dissolved organic carbon, Chem. Geol., 152, 113–118, 1998.
Fuentes, E., Coe, H., Green, D., de Leeuw, G., and McFiggans, G.: On the impacts of phytoplankton-derived organic matter on the properties of the primary marine aerosol – Part 1: Source fluxes, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 9295–9317, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-9295-2010, 2010.
Fuentes, E., Coe, H., Green, D., and McFiggans, G.: On the impacts of phytoplankton-derived organic matter on the properties of the primary marine aerosol – Part 2: Composition, hygroscopicity and cloud condensation activity, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 2585–2602, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-2585-2011, 2011.
Gantt, B., Meskhidze, N., and Kamykowski, D.: A new physically-based quantification of marine isoprene and primary organic aerosol emissions, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 4915–4927, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-4915-2009, 2009.
Gantt, B., Meskhidze, N., Facchini, M. C., Rinaldi, M., Ceburnis, D., and O'Dowd, C. D.: Wind speed dependent size-resolved parameterization for the organic mass fraction of sea spray aerosol, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 8777–8790, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-8777-2011, 2011.
Gantt, B., Johnson, M. S., Meskhidze, N., Sciare, J., Ovadnevaite, J., Ceburnis, D., and O'Dowd, C. D.: Model evaluation of marine primary organic aerosol emission schemes, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 8553–8566, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-8553-2012, 2012a.
Gantt, B., Xu, J., Meskhidze, N., Zhang, Y., Nenes, A., Ghan, S. J., Liu, X., Easter, R., and Zaveri, R.: Global distribution and climate forcing of marine organic aerosol – Part 2: Effects on cloud properties and radiative forcing, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 6555–6563, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-6555-2012, 2012b.
Garrett, W. D.: Influence of monomolecular surface films on production of condensation nuclei from bubbled sea water, J. Geophys. Res., 73, 5145–5150, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB073i016p05145, 1968.
Gaston, C. J., Furutani, H., Guazzotti, S. A., Coffee, K. R., Bates, T. S., Quinn, P. K., Aluwihare, L. I., Mitchell, B. G., and Prather, K. A.: Unique ocean-derived particles serve as a proxy for changes in ocean chemistry, J. Geophys. Res., 116, D18310, https://doi.org/10.1029/2010JD015289, 2011.
Gershey, R. M.: Characterization of seawater organic matter carried by bubble-generated aerosols, Limnol. Oceanogr., 28, 309–319, 1983.
Gilardoni, S., Russell, L. M., Sorooshian, A., Flagan, R. C., Seinfeld, J. H., Bates, T. S., Quinn, P. K., Allan, J. D., Williams, B., Goldstein, A. H., Onasch, T. B., and Worsnop, D. R.: Regional variation of organic functional groups in aerosol particles on four US east coast platforms during the International Consortium for Atmospheric Research on Transport and Transformation 2004 campaign, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 112, D10S27, https://doi.org/10.1029/2006jd007737, 2007.
Hansell, D., Carlson, C. A., Repeta, D. J., and Schlitzer, R.: Dissolved organic matter in the ocean: A controversy stimulates new insights, Oceanography, 22, 202–211, 2009.
Hawkins, L. N. and Russell, L. M.: Polysaccharides, proteins, and phytoplankton fragments: four chemically distinct types of marine primary organic aerosol classified by single particle spectromicroscopy, Adv. Meteorol., 612132, https://doi.org/10.1155/2010/612132, 2010.
Hawkins, L. N., Russell, L. M., Covert, D. S., Quinn, P. K., and Bates, T. S.: Carboxylic acids, sulfates, and organosulfates in processed continental organic aerosol over the southeast Pacific Ocean during VOCALS-REx 2008, J. Geophys. Res., 115, D13201, https://doi.org/10.1029/2009JD013276, 2010.
Hoffman, E. J. and Duce, R.: The organic carbon content of marine aerosols collected on Bermuda, J. Geophys. Res., 79, 4474–4477, 1974.
Hoffman, E. J. and Duce, R.: Factors influencing the organic carbon content of marine aerosols: A laboratory study, J. Geophys. Res., 81, 3667–3670, 1976.
Hoffman, E. J. and Duce, R.: Organic carbon in marine atmospheric particulate matter: Concentration and particle size distribution, Geophys. Res. Lett., 4, 449–452, https://doi.org/10.1029/GL004i010p00449, 1977.
Hoose, C., Kristjánsson, J. E., Iversen, T., Kirkevåg, A., Seland, Ø., and Gettelman, A.: Constraining cloud droplet number concentration in GCMs suppresses the aerosol indirect effect, Geophys. Res. Lett., 36, L12807, https://doi.org/10.1029/2009GL038568, 2009.
Hultin, K. A. H., Nilsson, E. D., Krejci, R., Mårtensson, E. M., Ehn, M., Hagström, A., and de Leeuw, G.: In situ laboratory sea spray production during the Marine Aerosol Production 2006 cruise on the northeastern Atlantic Ocean, J. Geophys. Res., 115, D06201, https://doi.org/10.1029/2009JD012522, 2010.
Junge, K. and Swanson, B. D.: High-resolution ice nucleation spectra of sea-ice bacteria: implications for cloud formation and life in frozen environments, Biogeosciences, 5, 865–873, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-5-865-2008, 2008.
Kawamura, K. and Gagosian, R. B.: Implications of ω-oxocarboxylic acids in the remote marine atmosphere for photooxidation of unsaturated fatty acids, Nature, 325, 330–332, 1987.
Kawamura, K., Ono, K., Tachibana, E., Charriére, B., and Sempéré, R.: Distributions of low molecular weight dicarboxylic acids, ketoacids and α-dicarbonyls in the marine aerosols collected over the Arctic Ocean during late summer, Biogeosciences, 9, 4725–4737, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-9-4725-2012, 2012.
Keene, W. C., Maring, H., Maben, J. R., Kieber, D. J., Pszenny, A. A. P., Dahl, E. E., Izaguirre, M. A., Davis, A. J., Long, M. S., Zhou, X. L., Smoydzin, L., and Sander, R.: Chemical and physical characteristics of nascent aerosols produced by bursting bubbles at a model air-sea interface, J. Geophys. Res., 112, D21202, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007JD008464, 2007.
Kieber, D. J. and Mopper, K.: Photochemical formation of glyoxylic and pyruvic acids in seawater, Mar. Chem., 21, 135–149, 1987.
Kieber, R. J., Zhou, X., and Mopper, K.: Formation of carbonyl compounds from UV-induced photodegradation of humic substances in natural waters: Fate of riverine carbon in the sea, Limnol. Oceanogr., 35, 1503–1515, 1990
King, S. M., Butcher, A. C., Rosenoern, T., Coz, E., Lieke, K. I., de Leeuw, G., Nilsson, E. D., and Bilde, M.: Investigating primary marine aerosol properties: CCN activity of sea salt and mixed inorganic–organic particles, Environ. Sci. Technol., 46, 10405–10412, https://doi.org/10.1021/es300574u, 2012.
Klippel, W. and Warneck, P.: The formaldehyde content of the atmospheric aerosol, Atmospheric Environ., 14, 809–818, 1980.
Knopf, D. A., Alpert, P. A., Wang, B., and Aller, J. Y.: Stimulation of ice nucleation by marine diatoms, Nat. Geosci., 4, 88–90, https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo1037, 2011.
Langmann, B., Scannell, C., and O'Dowd, C.: New directions: organic matter contribution to marine aerosols and cloud condensation nuclei, Atmos. Environ., 42, 7821–7822, 2008.
Lapina, K., Heald, C. L., Spracklen, D. V., Arnold, S. R., Allan, J. D., Coe, H., McFiggans, G., Zorn, S. R., Drewnick, F., Bates, T. S., Hawkins, L. N., Russell, L. M., Smirnov, A., O'Dowd, C. D., and Hind, A. J.: Investigating organic aerosol loading in the remote marine environment, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 8847–8860, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-8847-2011, 2011.
Leck, C. and Bigg, E. K.: Aerosol production over remote marine areas – a new route, Geophys. Res. Lett., 26, 3577–3580, 1999.
Leck, C. and Bigg, E. K.: Source and evolution of the marine aerosol – A new perspective, Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, L19803, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005GL023651, 2005.
Leck, C. and Bigg, E. K.: Comparison of sources and nature of the tropical aerosol with the summer high arctic aerosol, Tellus B, 118–126, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0889.2007.00315.x, 2008.
Leck, C. and Bigg, E. K.: New particle formation of marine biological origin, Aerosol Sci. Technol., 44, 570-577, 2010.
Leck, C., Norman, M., Bigg, E. K., and Hillamo, R.: Chemical composition and sources of the high Arctic aerosol relevant for fog and cloud formation, J. Geophys. Res., 107, 4135, https://doi.org/10.1029/2001JD001463, 2002.
Lewis, R. and Schwartz, S. E.: Sea Salt Aerosol Production: Mechanisms, Methods, Measurements, and Models – A Critical Review, Geophysical monograph 152, 413 pp., American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, 2004.
Long, M. S., Keene, W. C., Kieber, D. J., Erickson, D. J., and Maring, H.: A sea-state based source function for size- and composition-resolved marine aerosol production, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 1203–1216, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-1203-2011, 2011.
Luo, G. and Yu, F.: A numerical evaluation of global oceanic emissions of α-pinene and isoprene, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 2007–2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-2007-2010, 2010.
Maria, S. F., Russell, L. M., Gilles, M. K., and Myneni, S. C. B.: Organic aerosol growth mechanisms and their climate-forcing implications, Science, 306, 1921–1924, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1103491, 2004.
Marty, J. C., Saliot, A., Buat-Ménard, P., Chesselet, R., and Hunter, K. A.: Relationship between the lipid compositions of marine aerosols, the sea surface microlayer, and subsurface water, J. Geophys. Res., 84, 5707–5716, https://doi.org/10.1029/JC084iC09p05707, 1979.
Menzel, D. W. and R. F. Vaccaro, R. F.: The measurement of dissolved organic and particulate carbon in seawater, Limnol. Oceanogr., 9, 138–142, https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.1964.9.1.0138, 1964.
Meskhidze, N. and Nenes, A.: Phytoplankton and cloudiness in the Southern Ocean, Science, 314, 1419–1423, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1131779, 2006.
Meskhidze, N., Xu, J., Gantt, B., Zhang, Y., Nenes, A., Ghan, S. J., Liu, X., Easter, R., and Zaveri, R.: Global distribution and climate forcing of marine organic aerosol: 1. Model improvements and evaluation, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 11689–11705, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-11689-2011, 2011.
Michener, R. H., and Schell, D. M.: Stable isotope ratios as tracers in marine aquatic food webs, edited by: Lajtha, K. and Michener, R., in: Stable isotopes in ecology and environmental science, Blackwell Scientific, Oxford, UK, 138–157, 1994.
Middlebrook, A. M., Murphy, D. M., and Thomson, D. S.: Observations of organic material in individual marine particles at Cape Grim during the First Aerosol Characterization Experiment (ACE1), J. Geophys. Res., 103, 16475–16483, https://doi.org/10.1029/97JD03719, 1998.
Millero, F. J.: Chemical Oceanography, 3rd ed, Taylor & Francis Group CRC Press, 496 pp., 2006.
Miyazaki, Y., Kawamura, K., and Sawano, M.: Size distributions and chemical characterization of water-soluble organic aerosols over the Western North Pacific in summer, J. Geophys. Res., 115, D23210, https://doi.org/10.1029/2010JD014439, 2010.
Mochida, M., Kitamori, Y., Kawamura, K., Nojiri, Y., and Suzuki, K.: Fatty acids in the marine atmosphere: Factors governing their concentrations and evaluation of organic films on sea-salt particles, J. Geophys. Res., 107, 4325, https://doi.org/10.1029/2001JD001278, 2002.
Modini, R. L., Harris, B., and Ristovski, Z. D.: The organic fraction of bubble-generated, accumulation mode Sea Spray Aerosol (SSA), Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 2867–2877, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-2867-2010, 2010a.
Modini, R. L., Johnson, G. R., He, C., and Ristovski, Z. D.: Observation of the suppression of water uptake by marine particles, Atmos. Res., 98, 219–228, 2010b.
Modini, R. L., Russell, L. M., Deane, G. B., and Stokes, M. D.: Effect of soluble surfactant on bubble persistence and bubble-produced aerosol particles, J. Geophys. Res. Atmos., 118, 1388–1400, https://doi.org/10.1002/jgrd.50186, 2013.
Moore, R. H., Ingall, E. D., Sorooshian, A., and Nenes, A.: Molar mass, surface tension, and droplet growth kinetics of marine organics from measurements of CCN activity, Geophys. Res. Lett., 35, L07801, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008GL033350, 2008.
Moore, M. J. K., Furatani, H., Roberts, G. C., Moffet, R. C., Giles, M. K., Palenik, B., and Prather, K. A.: Effect of organic compounds on cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) activity of sea spray aerosol produced by bubble bursting, Atmos. Environ., 45, 7462–7469, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2011.04.034, 2011.
Mopper, K., Zhou, X., Kieber, R. J., Kieber, D. J., Sikorski, R. J., and Jones, R. D.: Photochemical degradation of dissolved organic-carbon and its impact on the oceanic carbon-cycle, Nature, 353, 60–62, https://doi.org/10.1038/353060a0, 1991.
Murphy, D. M., Thomson, D. S., and Mahoney, M. J.: In situ measurements of organics, meteoritic material, mercury and other elements in aerosols at 5 to 19 kilometers, Science, 282, 1664–1668, 1998.
Myriokefalitakis, S., Vignati, E., Tsigaridis, K., Papadimas, C., Sciare J., Mihalopoulos, N., Facchini, M.C., Rinaldi, M., Dentener, F. J., Ceburnis, D., Hatzianastasiou, N., O'Dowd, C. D., van Weele, M., and Kanakidou, M.: Global modelling of the oceanic source of organic aerosols, Adv. Meteorol., 2010, 939171, 16 pp., https://doi.org/10.1155/2010/939171, 2010.
Narukawa, M., Kawamura, K., Li, S. M., and Bottenheim, J. W.: Stable carbon isotopic ratios and ionic composition of the high-Arctic aerosols: An increase in delta C-13 values from winter to spring, J. Geophys. Res., 113, D02312, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007jd008755, 2008.
Nilsson, E. D., Rannik, U., Swietlicki, E., Leck, C., Aalto, P. P., Zhou, J., and Norman, M.: Turbulent aerosol fluxes over the Arctic Ocean 2.Wind-driven sources from the sea, J. Geophys. Res., 106, 32139–32154, 2001.
Novakov, T. and Penner, J. E.: Large contribution of organic aerosols to cloud condensation nuclei concentrations, Nature, 365, 823–826, 1993.
Novakov, T., Corrigan, C. E., Penner, J. E., Chuang, C. C., Rosario, O., and Mayel Bracero, O. L.: Organic aerosols in the Caribbean trade winds: A natural source?, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 21307–21313, https://doi.org/10.1029/97JD01487, 1997.
O'Dowd, C. D. and de Leeuw, G.: Marine aerosol production: a review of the current knowledge, Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A, 365, 1753–1774, https://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2007.2043, 2007.
O'Dowd, C. D., Lowe, J. A, and Smith, M. H.: Marine aerosol, sea-salt, and the marine sulphur cycle: A short review, Atmos. Environ., 31, 73–80, 1997.
O'Dowd, C. D., Facchini, M. C., Cavalli, F., Ceburnis, D., Mircea, M., Decesari, S., Fuzzi, S., Yoon, Y. J., and Putaud, J. P.: Biogenically driven organic contribution to marine aerosol, Nature, 431, 676–680, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature02959, 2004.
O'Dowd, C. D., Langmann, B., Varghese, S., Scannell, C., Ceburnis, D., and Facchini, M. C.: A combined organic-inorganic sea-spray source function, Geophys. Res. Lett., 35, L01801, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007GL030331, 2008.
Oppo, C., Bellandi, S., DegliInnocenti, N., Stortini, A. M., Loglio, G., Schiavuta, E., and Cini, R.: Surfactant components of marine organic matter as agents for biogeochemical fractionation and pollutant transport via marine aerosols, Mar. Chem., 63, 235–253, 1999.
Orellana, M. V., Matrai, P. A., Leck, C., Rauschenberg, C. D., Lee, A. M., and Coz, E.: Marine microgels as a source of cloud condensation nuclei in the high Arctic, P. Natl. Acad. Sci., 108, 13612–13617, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1102457108, 2011.
Ovadnevaite, J., O'Dowd, C., Dall'Osto, M., Ceburnis, D., Worsnop, D. R., and Berresheim, H.: Detecting high contributions of primary organic matter to marine aerosol: A case study, Geophys. Res. Lett., 38, L02807, https://doi.org/10.1029/2010GL046083, 2011a.
Ovadnevaite, J., Ceburnis, D., Martucci, G., Bialek, J., Monahan, C., Rinaldi, M., Facchini, M. C., Berresheim, H., Worsnop, D. R., and O'Dowd, C.: Primary marine organic aerosol: A dichotomy of low hygroscopicity and high CCN activity, Geophys. Res. Lett., 38, L21806, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011GL048869, 2011b.
Paterson, M. P. and Spillane K. T.: Surface films and the production of sea-salt aerosol, Q. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 95, 526–534, 1969.
Penner, J. E.: Carbonaceous aerosols influencing atmospheric radiation: black and organic carbon, edited by: Charlson, R. J. and Heitzenberg, J., Aerosol Forcing of Climate, Wiley, New York, USA, 91–108, 1995.
Pósfai, M., Simonics, R., Li, J., Hobbs, P. V., and Buseck, P. R.: Individual aerosol particles from biomass burning in southern Africa: 1. Composition and size distributions of carbonaceous particles, J. Geophys. Res., 108, 8483, https://doi.org/10.1029/2002JD002291, 2003.
Pueschel, R. F. and Van Valin, C. C.: The mixed nature of laboratory produced aerosols from seawater, J. Rech. Atmos., 8, 601–610, 1974.
Putaud, J. P., Van Dingenen, R., Mangoni, M., Virkkula, A., Raes, F., Maring, H., Prospero, J. M., Swietlicki, E., Berg, O. H., Hillamo, R., and Makela, T.: Chemical mass closure and assessment of the origin of the submicron aerosol in the marine boundary layer and the free troposphere at Tenerife during ACE-2, Tellus Series B – Chemical and Physical Meteorology, 52, 141–168, 2000.
Qian, J. and Mopper, K.: Automated high-performance, high-temperature combustion total organic carbon analyzer, Anal. Chem., 68, 3090-3097, 1996.
Quinn, P. K. and Bates, T. S.: The case against climate regulation via oceanic phytoplankton sulphur emissions, Nature, 480, 51–56, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature10580, 2011.
Quinn, P. K., Bates, T. S., Coffman, D., Onasch, T. B., Worsnop, D., Baynard, T., de Gouw, J. A., Goldan, P. D., Kuster, W. C., Williams, E., Roberts, J. M., Lerner, B., Stohl, A., Pettersson, A., and Lovejoy, E. R.: Impacts of sources and aging on submicrometer aerosol properties in the marine boundary layer across the Gulf of Maine, J. Geophys. Res., 111, D23S36, https://doi.org/10.1029/2006JD007582, 2006.
Reimer, P. J., Brown, T. A., and Reimer, R. W.: Discussion: reporting and calibration of post-bomb 14C data, Radiocarbon, 46, 1299–1304, 2004.
Rinaldi, M., Facchini, M. C., Decesari, S., Carbone, C., Finessi, E., Mircea, M., Fuzzi, S., Ceburnis, D., Ehn, M., Kulmala, M., de Leeuw, G., and O'Dowd, C. D.: On the representativeness of coastal aerosol studies to open ocean studies: Mace Head – a case study, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 9635–9646, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-9635-2009, 2009.
Rinaldi, M., Decesari, S., Finessi, E., Giulianelli, L., Carbone, C., Fuzzi, S., O'Dowd, C. D., Ceburnis, D., and Facchini, M. C.: Primary and secondary organic marine aerosol and oceanic biological activity: Recent results and new perspectives for future studies, Adv. Meteorol., 2010, 310682, https://doi.org/10.1155/2010/310682, 2010.
Roelofs, G. J.: A GCM study of organic matter in marine aerosol and its potential contribution to cloud drop activation, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 8, 709–719, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-8-709-2008, 2008.
Russell, L. M., Hawkins, L. N., Frossard, A. A., Quinn, P. K., and Bates, T. S.: Carbohydrate-like composition submicron atmospheric particles and their production from ocean bubble bursting, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 107, 6652–6657, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0908905107, 2010.
Savoie, D. L., Arimoto, R., Keene, W. C., Prospero, J. M., Duce, R. A., and Galloway, J. N.: Marine biogenic and anthropogenic contributions to non-sea-salt sulfate in the marine boundary layer over the North Atlantic Ocean, J. Geophys. Res., 107, 4356, https://doi.org/10.1029/2001JD000970, 2002.
Schmitt-Kopplin, P., Liger-Belair, G., Koch, B. P., Flerus, R., Kattner, G., Harir, M., Kanawati, B., Lucio, M., Tziotis, D., Hertkorn, N., and Gebefügi, I.: Dissolved organic matter in sea spray: a transfer study from marine surface water to aerosols, Biogeosciences, 9, 1571–1582, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-9-1571-2012, 2012.
Schnell, R. C.: Ice nuclei produced by laboratory cultured marine phytoplankton, Geophys. Res. Lett., 2, 500–502, https://doi.org/10.1029/GL002i011p00500, 1975.
Schnell, R. C. and Vali, G.: Freezing nuclei in marine waters, Tellus, 27, 321-23, 1975.
Sciare, J., Mihalopoulos, N., and Dentener, F. J.: Interannual variability of atmospheric dimethylsulfide in the Southern Indian Ocean, J. Geophys. Res., 105, 26369–26378, 2000.
Sciare, J., Favez, O., Sarda-Estève, R., Oikonomou, K., Cachier, H., and Kazan, V.: Long-term observations of carbonaceous aerosols in the Austral Ocean atmosphere: Evidence of a biogenic marine organic source, J. Geophys. Res., 114, D15302, https://doi.org/10.1029/2009JD011998, 2009.
Sellegri, K., O'Dowd, C. D., Yoon, Y. J, Jennings, S. G., and de Leeuw, G.: Surfactants and submicron sea spray generation, J. Geophys. Res., 111, D22215, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005JD006658, 2006.
Sellegri, K., Villani, P., Picard, D., Dupuy, R., O'Dowd, C., and Laj, P.: Role of the volatile fraction of submicron marine aerosol on its hygroscopic properties, Atmos. Res., 90, 272–277, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2008.04.004, 2008.
Shank, L. M., Howell, S., Clarke, A. D., Freitag, S., Brekhovskikh, V., Kapustin, V., McNaughton, C., Campos, T., and Wood, R.: Organic matter and non-refractory aerosol over the remote Southeast Pacific: oceanic and combustion sources, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 557–576, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-557-2012, 2012.
Shaw, G. E.: Bio-controlled thermostasis involving the sulfur cycle," Climatic Change, 5, 297–303, 1983.
Smoydzin, L. and von Glasow, R.: Do organic surface films on sea salt aerosols influence atmospheric chemistry? – a model study, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 5555–5567, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-7-5555-2007, 2007.
Spracklen, D. V., Arnold, S. R., Carslaw, K. S., Sciare, J., and Pio, C.: Globally significant oceanic source of organic carbon aerosol, Geophys. Res. Lett., 35, L12811, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008GL033359, 2008.
Spyres, G., Nimmo, M., Worsfold, P. J., and Achterberg, E. P.: Determination of dissolved organic carbon in seawater using high temperature catalytic oxidation techniques, Trends in Anal. Chem., 19, 498–506, 2000.
Stuiver, M. and Polach, H. A.: Discussion: reporting of 14C data, Radiocarbon, 19, 355–363, 1977.
Sumner, A. L. and Shepson, P. B.: Snowpack production of formaldehyde and its effect on the Arctic troposphere, Nature, 398, 230–233, 1999.
Swietlicki, E., Hansson, H.-C., Hämeri, K., Svenningsson, B., Massling, A., McFiggans, G., McMurry, P. H., Petäjä, T., Tunved, P., Gysel, M., Topping, D., Weingartner, E., Baltensperger, U., Rissler, J., Wiedensohler, A., and Kulmala, M.: Hygroscopic properties of sub-micrometer atmospheric aerosol particles measured with H-TDMA instruments in various environments – a review, Tellus B, 60, 432–469, 2008.
Tseng, R.-S., Viechnicki, J. T., Skop, R. A., and Brown, J. W.: Sea-to-air transfer of surface-active organic compounds by bursting bubbles, J. Geophys. Res., 97, 5201–5206, 1992.
Turekian, V. C., Macko, S. A., and Keene, W. C.: Concentrations, isotopic compositions, and sources of size-resolved, particulate organic carbon and oxalate in near-surface marine air at Bermuda during spring, J. Geophys. Res., 108, 4157, https://doi.org/10.1029/2002jd002053, 2003.
Twomey, S.: Comparison of constrained linear inversion and an iterative nonlinear algorithm applied to indirect estimation of particle-size distributions, J. Comput. Phys., 18, 188–200, 1975.
Tyree, C. A., Hellion, V. M., Alexandrova, O. A., and Allen, J. O.: Foam droplets generated from natural and artificial seawaters, J. Geophys. Res., 112, D12204, https://doi.org/10.1029/2006JD007729, 2007.
Vignati, E., Facchini, M. C., Rinaldi, M., Scannell, C., Ceburnis, D., Sciare, J., Kanakidou, M., Myriokefalitakis, S., Dentener, F., and O'Dowd, C. D.: Global scale emission and distribution of seaspray aerosol: sea-salt and organic enrichment, Atmos. Environ., 44, 670–677, 2010.
Wang, H. B. and Kawamura, K.: Stable carbon isotopic composition of low-molecular-weight dicarboxylic acids and ketoacids in remote marine aerosols, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 111, D07304, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005JD006466, 2006.
Westervelt, D. M., Moore, R. H., Nenes, A., and Adams, P. J.: Effect of primary organic sea spray emissions on cloud condensation nuclei concentrations, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 89–101, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-89-2012, 2012.
Wurl, O., Wurl, E., Miller, L., Johnson, K., and Vagle, S.: Formation and global distribution of sea-surface microlayers, Biogeosciences, 8, 121–135, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-8-121-2011, 2011.
Yassaa, N., Peeken, I., Zöllner, E., Bluhm, K., Arnold, S., Spracklen, D., and Williams, J.: Evidence for marine production of monoterpenes, Environ. Chem., 5, 391–401, https://doi.org/10.1071/EN08047, 2008.
Yoon, Y. J., Ceburnis, D., Cavalli, F., Jourdan, O., Putaud, J. P., Facchini, M. C., Decesari, S., Fuzzi, S., Sellegri, K., Jennings, S. G., and O'Dowd, C. D.: Seasonal characteristics of the physicochemical properties of North Atlantic marine atmospheric aerosols, J. Geophys. Res., 112, D04206, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005JD007044, 2007.
Zábori, J., Matis\={a}ns, M., Krejci, R., Nilsson, E. D., and Ström, J.: Artificial primary marine aerosol production: a laboratory study with varying water temperature, salinity, and succinic acid concentration, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 10709–10724, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-10709-2012, 2012.
Zhang, Q., Jimenez, J. L., Canagaratna, M. R., Allan, J. D., Coe, H., Ulbrich, I., Alfarra, M. R., Takami, A., Middlebrook, A. M., Sun, Y. L., Dzepina, K., Dunlea, E., Docherty, K., DeCarlo, P., Salcedo, D., Onasch, T. B., Jayne, J. T., Miyoshi, T., Shimono, A., Hatakeyama, N., Takegawa, N., Kondo, Y., Schneider, J., Drewnick, F., Weimer, S., Demerjian, K. L., Williams, P. I., Bower, K. N., Bahreini, R., Cottrell, L., Griffin, R. J., Rautianen, J., and Worsnop, D. R.: Ubiquity and dominance of oxygenated species in organic aerosols in anthropogenically influenced northern hemisphere mid-latitudes, Geophys. Res. Lett., 34, L13801, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007GL029979, 2007.
Zhou, X. and Mopper, K.: Photochemical production of low molecular weight carbonyl compounds in seawater and surface microlayer and their air-sea exchange, Marine Chemistry, 56, 201–214, 1997.
Zhou, X., Davis, A. J., Kieber, D. J., Keene, W. C., Maben, J. R., Maring, H., Dahl, E. E., Izaguirre, M. A., Sander, R., and Smoydzyn, L.: Photochemical production of hydroxyl radical and hydroperoxides in water extracts of nascent marine aerosols produced by bursting bubbles from Sargasso seawater, Geophys. Res. Lett., 35, L20803, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008GL035418, 2008.