Articles | Volume 23, issue 10
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-6021-2023
© Author(s) 2023. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-6021-2023
© Author(s) 2023. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
01 Jun 2023
Research article |
| 01 Jun 2023
| 01 Jun 2023
Influence of the previous North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) on the spring dust aerosols over North China
Yan Li
Key Laboratory for Semi-Arid Climate Change of the Ministry of
Education, College of Atmospheric Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou,
China
Falei Xu
Key Laboratory for Semi-Arid Climate Change of the Ministry of
Education, College of Atmospheric Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou,
China
Juan Feng
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, College of Global
Change and Earth System Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
Mengying Du
Key Laboratory for Semi-Arid Climate Change of the Ministry of
Education, College of Atmospheric Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou,
China
Wenjun Song
Key Laboratory for Semi-Arid Climate Change of the Ministry of
Education, College of Atmospheric Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou,
China
Chao Li
Key Laboratory for Semi-Arid Climate Change of the Ministry of
Education, College of Atmospheric Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou,
China
Hubei Key Laboratory for Heavy Rain Monitoring and Warning Research, Institute of Heavy Rain, China Meteorological Administration, Wuhan, China
Wenjing Zhao
Key Laboratory for Semi-Arid Climate Change of the Ministry of
Education, College of Atmospheric Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou,
China
Gansu Meteorological Service Center, Lanzhou, China
Related authors
Qi Wen, Yan Li, Mengying Du, Wenjun Song, Linbo Wei, Zhilan Wang, and Xu Li
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-826, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-826, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
We find that, through an interdecadal phase-locking effect of sea-land thermal forcing-North Atlantic Oscillation-Westerly Jet coupling, springtime dust from North Africa is more likely to be transported eastwards (extending into North America) after the late 1990s, whereas before that time westward transport paths for dust were more frequent. Subject to thermal forcing, wind speed and drought contribute to dust emissions in the two periods, respectively.
Falei Xu, Shuang Wang, Yan Li, and Juan Feng
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 10689–10705, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-10689-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-10689-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study examines how the winter North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) and El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) affect dust activities in North China during the following spring. The results show that the NAO and ENSO, particularly in their negative phases, greatly influence dust activities. When both are negative, their combined effect on dust activities is even greater. This research highlights the importance of these climate patterns in predicting spring dust activities in North China.
Qi Wen, Yan Li, Mengying Du, Wenjun Song, Linbo Wei, Zhilan Wang, and Xu Li
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-826, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-826, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
We find that, through an interdecadal phase-locking effect of sea-land thermal forcing-North Atlantic Oscillation-Westerly Jet coupling, springtime dust from North Africa is more likely to be transported eastwards (extending into North America) after the late 1990s, whereas before that time westward transport paths for dust were more frequent. Subject to thermal forcing, wind speed and drought contribute to dust emissions in the two periods, respectively.
Falei Xu, Shuang Wang, Yan Li, and Juan Feng
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 10689–10705, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-10689-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-10689-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study examines how the winter North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) and El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) affect dust activities in North China during the following spring. The results show that the NAO and ENSO, particularly in their negative phases, greatly influence dust activities. When both are negative, their combined effect on dust activities is even greater. This research highlights the importance of these climate patterns in predicting spring dust activities in North China.
Yaqi Wang, Lanning Wang, Juan Feng, Zhenya Song, Qizhong Wu, and Huaqiong Cheng
Geosci. Model Dev., 16, 6857–6873, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-6857-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-6857-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
In this study, to noticeably improve precipitation simulation in steep mountains, we propose a sub-grid parameterization scheme for the topographic vertical motion in CAM5-SE to revise the original vertical velocity by adding the topographic vertical motion. The dynamic lifting effect of topography is extended from the lowest layer to multiple layers, thus improving the positive deviations of precipitation simulation in high-altitude regions and negative deviations in low-altitude regions.
Juan Feng, Jianlei Zhu, Jianping Li, and Hong Liao
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 9883–9893, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-9883-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-9883-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
This paper explores the month-to-month variability of aerosol concentrations (ACs) over China. The AC variability is dominated by the monopole mode and the meridional dipole mode. The associated dynamic and thermal impacts of the climate systems are examined to explain their contributions to the formation of the two modes. The result suggests the variations are originating from the tropical Pacific, and extratropical atmospheric systems contribute to the dominant variabilities of ACs over China.
Juan Feng, Jianping Li, Hong Liao, and Jianlei Zhu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 10787–10800, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-10787-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-10787-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Background climate can affect the aerosol concentration (AC). It is found that when negative NAO overlaps El Niño, the anomalous circulations are not favorable for the transportation of aerosol, resulting in enhanced AC over eastern China. By contrast, a sole negative NAO event is linked with increased AC over central China. The results suggest that both the extratropical and tropical climate systems play an important role in impacting the AC over China.
Related subject area
Subject: Aerosols | Research Activity: Laboratory Studies | Altitude Range: Troposphere | Science Focus: Physics (physical properties and processes)
Spectral optical properties of soot: laboratory investigation of propane flame particles and their link to composition
Determination of the atmospheric volatility of pesticides using Filter Inlet for Gases and AEROsols–chemical ionisation mass spectrometry
Insights into the real part of natural sea spray aerosol refractive index in the Pacific Ocean
Partitioning of ionic surfactants in aerosol droplets containing glutaric acid, sodium chloride, or sea salts
Measurement report: Investigation of Optical Properties of Different Fuels Diesel Exhaust by an Atmospheric Simulation Chamber experiment
Wind-driven emission of marine ice-nucleating particles in the Scripps Ocean-Atmosphere Research Simulator (SOARS)
Measurement report: The ice-nucleating activity of lichen sampled in a northern European boreal forest
Viscosity of aqueous ammonium nitrate–organic particles: equilibrium partitioning may be a reasonable assumption for most tropospheric conditions
Role of sea spray aerosol at the air–sea interface in transporting aromatic acids to the atmosphere
Modeling the influence of carbon branching structure on secondary organic aerosol formation via multiphase reactions of alkanes
Technical note: Characterization of a single-beam gradient force aerosol optical tweezer for droplet trapping, phase transition monitoring, and morphology studies
Soot aerosols from commercial aviation engines are poor ice-nucleating particles at cirrus cloud temperatures
Contribution of brown carbon to light absorption in emissions of European residential biomass combustion appliances
Measurement report: Water diffusion in single suspended phase-separated aerosols
Water activity and surface tension of aqueous ammonium sulfate and D-glucose aerosol nanoparticles
Jet aircraft lubrication oil droplets as contrail ice-forming particles
A study on the influence of inorganic ions, organic carbon and microstructure on the hygroscopic property of soot
Is transport of microplastics different from mineral particles? Idealized wind tunnel studies on polyethylene microspheres
Insights into secondary organic aerosol formation from the day- and nighttime oxidation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and furans in an oxidation flow reactor
Analysis of insoluble particles in hailstones in China
Influence of acidity on liquid–liquid phase transitions of mixed secondary organic aerosol (SOA) proxy–inorganic aerosol droplets
Deposition freezing, pore condensation freezing and adsorption: three processes, one description?
Measurements and calculations of enhanced side- and back-scattering of visible radiation by black carbon aggregates
Direct observation for relative-humidity-dependent mixing states of submicron particles containing organic surfactants and inorganic salts
Complex refractive index and single scattering albedo of Icelandic dust in the shortwave part of the spectrum
Volatility of aerosol particles from NO3 oxidation of various biogenic organic precursors
Saturation vapor pressure characterization of selected low-volatility organic compounds using a residence time chamber
HUB: a method to model and extract the distribution of ice nucleation temperatures from drop-freezing experiments
Size-dependent hygroscopicity of levoglucosan and D-glucose aerosol nanoparticles
Technical note: Sublimation of frozen CsCl solutions in an environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM) – determining the number and size of salt particles relevant to sea salt aerosols
Microphysics of liquid water in sub-10 nm ultrafine aerosol particles
Comparing the ice nucleation properties of the kaolin minerals kaolinite and halloysite
Physicochemical properties of charcoal aerosols derived from biomass pyrolysis affect their ice-nucleating abilities at cirrus and mixed-phase cloud conditions
Reconsideration of surface tension and phase state effects on cloud condensation nuclei activity based on the atomic force microscopy measurement
Hygroscopicity and CCN potential of DMS-derived aerosol particles
Hybrid water adsorption and solubility partitioning for aerosol hygroscopicity and droplet growth
Experimental development of a lake spray source function and its model implementation for Great Lakes surface emissions
The effectiveness of the coagulation sink of 3–10 nm atmospheric particles
What caused the interdecadal shift in the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) impact on dust mass concentration over northwestern South Asia?
Measurement report: An exploratory study of fluorescence and cloud condensation nuclei activity of urban aerosols in San Juan, Puerto Rico
Viscosity and physical state of sucrose mixed with ammonium sulfate droplets
Distribution and stable carbon isotopic composition of dicarboxylic acids, ketocarboxylic acids and α-dicarbonyls in fresh and aged biomass burning aerosols
Time dependence of heterogeneous ice nucleation by ambient aerosols: laboratory observations and a formulation for models
Laboratory studies of ice nucleation onto bare and internally mixed soot–sulfuric acid particles
Enhanced soot particle ice nucleation ability induced by aggregate compaction and densification
Opinion: Insights into updating Ambient Air Quality Directive 2008/50/EC
On the evolution of sub- and super-saturated water uptake of secondary organic aerosol in chamber experiments from mixed precursors
Hygroscopicity of organic compounds as a function of organic functionality, water solubility, molecular weight, and oxidation level
Particle emissions from a modern heavy-duty diesel engine as ice nuclei in immersion freezing mode: a laboratory study on fossil and renewable fuels
Comparison of saturation vapor pressures of α-pinene + O3 oxidation products derived from COSMO-RS computations and thermal desorption experiments
Johannes Heuser, Claudia Di Biagio, Jérôme Yon, Mathieu Cazaunau, Antonin Bergé, Edouard Pangui, Marco Zanatta, Laura Renzi, Angela Marinoni, Satoshi Inomata, Chenjie Yu, Vera Bernardoni, Servanne Chevaillier, Daniel Ferry, Paolo Laj, Michel Maillé, Dario Massabò, Federico Mazzei, Gael Noyalet, Hiroshi Tanimoto, Brice Temime-Roussel, Roberta Vecchi, Virginia Vernocchi, Paola Formenti, Bénédicte Picquet-Varrault, and Jean-François Doussin
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 6407–6428, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-6407-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-6407-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
The spectral optical properties of combustion soot aerosols with varying black (BC) and brown carbon (BrC) content were studied in an atmospheric simulation chamber. Measurements of the mass spectral absorption cross section (MAC), supplemented by literature data, allowed us to establish a generalised exponential relationship between the spectral absorption and the elemental-to-total-carbon ratio (EC / TC) in soot. This relationship can provide a useful tool for modelling the properties of soot.
Olivia M. Jackson, Aristeidis Voliotis, Thomas J. Bannan, Simon P. O'Meara, Gordon McFiggans, Dave Johnson, and Hugh Coe
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 6257–6272, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-6257-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-6257-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
This paper details a novel method of measuring the volatility of pesticides using the Filter Inlet for Gases and AEROsols coupled with a chemical ionisation mass spectrometer (FIGAERO-CIMS) calibrated using a set of poly(ethylene) glycols. This is compared to literature values and common models. The results show that the method used primarily matches current literature values. Additionally, a pesticide’s volatility as an indicator of the likelihood of atmospheric transport occurring is explored.
Chengyi Fan, Bishuo He, Shuqi Guo, Jie Qiu, and Chunsheng Zhao
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 5761–5771, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-5761-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-5761-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Marine aerosols play a critical role in weather and climate, and their real part of the refractive index (RRI) is a key factor in their radiative effects. We present a study of RRI measurements using optical tweezer technology and find that the calculated results of RRI using the traditional method disagree with the measurements. A parameterization of the RRI and relative humidity relationship is proposed, and it will improve the radiation calculation in numerical models.
Alison Bain, Kunal Ghosh, Konstantin Tumashevich, Nønne L. Prisle, and Bryan R. Bzdek
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 5633–5645, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-5633-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-5633-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
We measure the surface tension of picoliter-volume droplets containing strong ionic surfactants and cosolutes and compare this to surface tension predictions using two independent surfactant partitioning models. Under high-water-activity conditions, experimental measurements and model predictions show no change when NaCl cosolute is replaced with sea salt. Model predictions show that total surfactant concentrations in the range of tens to hundreds of millimolar are required to lower the surface tension of accumulation-mode aerosol.
Silvia Giulia Danelli, Lorenzo Caponi, Marco Brunoldi, Matilde De Camillis, Dario Massabò, Federico Mazzei, Tommaso Isolabella, Annalisa Pascarella, Paolo Prati, Matteo Santostefano, Francesca Tarchino, Virginia Vernocchi, and Paolo Brotto
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-1447, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-1447, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
This study examines optical properties and the variability of the mass absorption coefficient of carbonaceous aerosols produced by the combustion of different fuels. Experiments, conducted in an atmospheric simulation chamber, tested different methods of sampling and analyzing carbonaceous aerosols, with a focus on workplace environments. Results highlight the need to understand the variability in aerosol optical properties for accurate monitoring and health and environmental impact assessments.
Kathryn A. Moore, Thomas C. J. Hill, Chamika K. Madawala, Raymond J. Leibensperger III, Samantha Greeney, Christopher D. Cappa, M. Dale Stokes, Grant B. Deane, Christopher Lee, Alexei V. Tivanski, Kimberly A. Prather, and Paul J. DeMott
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 3131–3159, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-3131-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-3131-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
This article presents results from the first study in a new wind–wave channel at the Scripps Institution of Oceanography. The experiment tested how wind over the ocean surface influences production of sea spray particles, which are important for radiative forcing and cloud formation in the atmosphere. We found that particle concentration and chemical composition varied with wind speed and that variations were driven by changes in wind and wave breaking rather than seawater biology or chemistry.
Ulrike Proske, Michael P. Adams, Grace C. E. Porter, Mark A. Holden, Jaana Bäck, and Benjamin J. Murray
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 979–995, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-979-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-979-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Ice-nucleating particles (INPs) aid the freezing of water droplets in clouds and thus modify cloud properties. In a campaign in a Finnish boreal forest, biological INPs were observed, despite many of their potential biological sources being snow-covered. We sampled tree-dwelling lichens that were not covered in snow and tested their ice nucleation ability in the laboratory. We found that the lichen harbours INPs, which may be important in similar snowy environments.
Liviana K. Klein, Allan K. Bertram, Andreas Zuend, Florence Gregson, and Ulrich K. Krieger
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 13341–13359, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-13341-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-13341-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The viscosity of ammonium nitrate–sucrose–H2O was quantified with three methods ranging from liquid to solid state depending on the relative humidity. Moreover, the corresponding estimated internal aerosol mixing times remained below 1 h for most tropospheric conditions, making equilibrium partitioning a reasonable assumption.
Yaru Song, Jianlong Li, Narcisse Tsona Tchinda, Kun Li, and Lin Du
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 5847–5862, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-5847-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-5847-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Aromatic acids can be transferred from seawater to the atmosphere through bubble bursting. The air–sea transfer efficiency of aromatic acids was evaluated by simulating SSA generation with a plunging jet. As a whole, the transfer capacity of aromatic acids may depend on their functional groups and on the bridging effect of cations, as well as their concentration in seawater, as these factors influence the global emission flux of aromatic acids via SSA.
Azad Madhu, Myoseon Jang, and Yujin Jo
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 5585–5602, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-5585-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-5585-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation from branched alkanes (BAs) was simulated using the UNIPAR model, which predicted SOA growth via multiphase reactions of hydrocarbons, and compared with chamber data. Product distributions (PDs) of BAs were created by extrapolating PDs of linear alkanes (LAs). To account for methyl branching, an autoxidation reduction factor was applied to PDs. BAs in diesel fuel were shown to produce a higher proportion of SOA compared with LAs.
Xiangyu Pei, Yikan Meng, Yueling Chen, Huichao Liu, Yao Song, Zhengning Xu, Fei Zhang, Thomas C. Preston, and Zhibin Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 5235–5246, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-5235-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-5235-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
An aerosol optical tweezer (AOT) Raman spectroscopy system is developed to capture a single aerosol droplet for phase transition monitoring and morphology studies. Rapid droplet capture is achieved and accurate droplet size and refractive index are retrieved. Results indicate that mixed inorganic/organic droplets are more inclined to form core–shell morphology when RH decreases. The phase transitions of secondary mixed organic aerosol/inorganic droplets vary with their precursors.
Baptiste Testa, Lukas Durdina, Peter A. Alpert, Fabian Mahrt, Christopher H. Dreimol, Jacinta Edebeli, Curdin Spirig, Zachary C. J. Decker, Julien Anet, and Zamin A. Kanji
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 4537–4567, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-4537-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-4537-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Laboratory experiments on the ice nucleation of real commercial aviation soot particles are investigated for their cirrus cloud formation potential. Our results show that aircraft-emitted soot in the upper troposphere will be poor ice-nucleating particles. Measuring the soot particle morphology and modifying their mixing state allow us to elucidate why these particles are ineffective at forming ice, in contrast to previously used soot surrogates.
Satish Basnet, Anni Hartikainen, Aki Virkkula, Pasi Yli-Pirilä, Miika Kortelainen, Heikki Suhonen, Laura Kilpeläinen, Mika Ihalainen, Sampsa Väätäinen, Juho Louhisalmi, Markus Somero, Jarkko Tissari, Gert Jakobi, Ralf Zimmermann, Antti Kilpeläinen, and Olli Sippula
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 3197–3215, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-3197-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-3197-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Brown carbon (BrC) emissions were estimated, for residential wood combustion (RWC) from various northern European appliances, utilizing an extensive seven-wavelength aethalometer dataset and thermal–optical carbon analysis. The contribution of BrC370–950 to the absorption of visible light varied between 1 % and 21 %, and was linked with fuel moisture content and combustion efficiency. This study provides important information required for assessing the climate effects of RWC emissions.
Yu-Kai Tong, Zhijun Wu, Min Hu, and Anpei Ye
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 2937–2950, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-2937-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-2937-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The interplay between aerosols and moisture is one of the most crucial atmospheric processes. However, to date, literature results on the influence of phase separation on water diffusion in aerosols are divergent. This work directly unveiled the water diffusion process in single suspended phase-separated microdroplets and quantitatively analyzed the diffusion rate and extent. The results show that diffusion limitations and certain molecule clusters existed in the phase-separated aerosols.
Eugene F. Mikhailov, Sergey S. Vlasenko, and Alexei A. Kiselev
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 2971–2984, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-2971-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-2971-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Surface tension and water activity are key thermodynamic parameters determining the impact of atmospheric aerosols on human health and climate. However, these parameters are not well constrained for nanoparticles composed of organic and inorganic compounds. In this study, we determined for the first time the water activity and surface tension of mixed organic/inorganic nanodroplets by applying a differential Köhler analysis (DKA) to hygroscopic growth measurements.
Joel Ponsonby, Leon King, Benjamin J. Murray, and Marc E. J. Stettler
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 2045–2058, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-2045-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-2045-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Aerosol emissions from aircraft engines contribute to the formation of contrails, which have a climate impact as important as that of aviation’s CO2 emissions. For the first time, we experimentally investigate the freezing behaviour of water droplets formed on jet lubrication oil aerosol. We show that they can activate to form water droplets and discuss their potential impact on contrail formation. Our study has implications for contrails produced by future aircraft engine and fuel technologies.
Zhanyu Su, Lanxiadi Chen, Yuan Liu, Peng Zhang, Tianzeng Chen, Biwu Chu, Mingjin Tang, Qingxin Ma, and Hong He
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 993–1003, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-993-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-993-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
In this study, different soot particles were analyzed to better understand their behavior. It was discovered that water-soluble substances in soot facilitate water adsorption at low humidity while increasing the number of water layers at high humidity. Soot from organic fuels exhibits hygroscopicity influenced by organic carbon and microstructure. Additionally, the presence of sulfate ions due to the oxidation of SO2 enhances soot's hygroscopicity.
Eike Maximilian Esders, Sebastian Sittl, Inka Krammel, Wolfgang Babel, Georg Papastavrou, and Christoph Karl Thomas
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 15835–15851, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-15835-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-15835-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Do microplastics behave differently from mineral particles when they are exposed to wind? We observed plastic and mineral particles in a wind tunnel and measured at what wind speeds the particles start to move. The results indicate that microplastics start to move at smaller wind speeds as they weigh less and are less sticky. Hence, we think that microplastics also move more easily in the environment.
Abd El Rahman El Mais, Barbara D'Anna, Luka Drinovec, Andrew T. Lambe, Zhe Peng, Jean-Eudes Petit, Olivier Favez, Selim Aït-Aïssa, and Alexandre Albinet
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 15077–15096, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-15077-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-15077-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHS) and furans are key precursors of secondary organic aerosols (SOAs) related to biomass burning emissions. We evaluated and compared the formation yields, and the physical and light absorption properties, of laboratory-generated SOAs from the oxidation of such compounds for both, day- and nighttime reactivities. The results illustrate that PAHs are large SOA precursors and may contribute significantly to the biomass burning brown carbon in the atmosphere.
Haifan Zhang, Xiangyu Lin, Qinghong Zhang, Kai Bi, Chan-Pang Ng, Yangze Ren, Huiwen Xue, Li Chen, and Zhuolin Chang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 13957–13971, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-13957-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-13957-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This work is the first study to simultaneously analyze the number concentrations and species of insoluble particles in hailstones. The size distribution of insoluble particles for each species vary greatly in different hailstorms but little in shells. Two classic size distribution modes of organics and dust were fitted for the description of insoluble particles in deep convection. Combining this study with future experiments will lead to refinement of weather and climate models.
Yueling Chen, Xiangyu Pei, Huichao Liu, Yikan Meng, Zhengning Xu, Fei Zhang, Chun Xiong, Thomas C. Preston, and Zhibin Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 10255–10265, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-10255-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-10255-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The impact of acidity on the phase transition behavior of levitated aerosol particles was examined. Our results revealed that lower acidity decreases the separation relative humidity of aerosol droplets mixed with ammonium sulfate and secondary organic aerosol proxy. Our research suggests that in real atmospheric conditions, with the high acidity found in many ambient aerosol particles, droplets encounter heightened impediments to phase separation and tend to display a homogeneous structure.
Mária Lbadaoui-Darvas, Ari Laaksonen, and Athanasios Nenes
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 10057–10074, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-10057-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-10057-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Heterogeneous ice nucleation is the main ice formation mechanism in clouds. The mechanism of different freezing modes is to date unknown, which results in large model biases. Experiments do not allow for direct observation of ice nucleation at its native resolution. This work uses first principles molecular simulations to determine the mechanism of the least-understood ice nucleation mode and link it to adsorption through a novel modeling framework that unites ice and droplet formation.
Carynelisa Haspel, Cuiqi Zhang, Martin J. Wolf, Daniel J. Cziczo, and Maor Sela
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 10091–10115, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-10091-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-10091-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Small particles, commonly termed aerosols, can be found throughout the atmosphere and come from both natural and anthropogenic sources. One important type of aerosol is black carbon (BC). In this study, we conducted laboratory measurements of light scattering by particles meant to mimic atmospheric BC and compared them to calculations of scattering. We find that it is likely that calculations underpredict the scattering by BC particles of certain polarizations of light in certain directions.
Chun Xiong, Binyu Kuang, Fei Zhang, Xiangyu Pei, Zhengning Xu, and Zhibin Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 8979–8991, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-8979-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-8979-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
In hydration, an apparent water diffusion hindrance by an organic surfactant shell was confirmed, raising the inorganic deliquescence relative humidity (RH) to a nearly saturated condition. In dehydration, phase separations were observed for inorganic surfactant systems, showing a strong dependence on the organic molecular
oxygen-to-carbon ratio. Our results could improve fundamental knowledge about aerosol mixing states and decrease uncertainty in model estimations of global radiative effects.
Clarissa Baldo, Paola Formenti, Claudia Di Biagio, Gongda Lu, Congbo Song, Mathieu Cazaunau, Edouard Pangui, Jean-Francois Doussin, Pavla Dagsson-Waldhauserova, Olafur Arnalds, David Beddows, A. Robert MacKenzie, and Zongbo Shi
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 7975–8000, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-7975-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-7975-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This paper presents new shortwave spectral complex refractive index and single scattering albedo data for Icelandic dust. Our results show that the imaginary part of the complex refractive index of Icelandic dust is at the upper end of the range of low-latitude dust. Furthermore, we observed that Icelandic dust is more absorbing towards the near-infrared, which we attribute to its high magnetite content. These findings are important for modeling dust aerosol radiative effects in the Arctic.
Emelie L. Graham, Cheng Wu, David M. Bell, Amelie Bertrand, Sophie L. Haslett, Urs Baltensperger, Imad El Haddad, Radovan Krejci, Ilona Riipinen, and Claudia Mohr
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 7347–7362, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-7347-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-7347-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The volatility of an aerosol particle is an important parameter for describing its atmospheric lifetime. We studied the volatility of secondary organic aerosols from nitrate-initiated oxidation of three biogenic precursors with experimental methods and model simulations. We saw higher volatility than for the corresponding ozone system, and our simulations produced variable results with different parameterizations which warrant a re-evaluation of the treatment of the nitrate functional group.
Zijun Li, Noora Hyttinen, Miika Vainikka, Olli-Pekka Tikkasalo, Siegfried Schobesberger, and Taina Yli-Juuti
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 6863–6877, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-6863-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-6863-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The saturation vapor pressure (psat) of low-volatility organic compounds (LVOCs) governs their partitioning between the gas and particle phases. To estimate the psat of selected LVOCs, we performed particle evaporation measurements in a residence time chamber at a temperature setting relevant to atmospheric aerosol formation and conducted state-of-the-art computational calculations. We found good agreement between the experimentally measured and model-estimated psat values for most LVOCs.
Ingrid de Almeida Ribeiro, Konrad Meister, and Valeria Molinero
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 5623–5639, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-5623-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-5623-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Ice formation is a key atmospheric process facilitated by a wide range of aerosols. We present a method to model and interpret ice nucleation experiments and extract the distribution of the potency of nucleation sites. We use the method to optimize the conditions of laboratory sampling and extract distributions of ice nucleation temperatures from bacteria, fungi, and pollen. These reveal unforeseen subpopulations of nuclei in these systems and how they respond to changes in their environment.
Ting Lei, Hang Su, Nan Ma, Ulrich Pöschl, Alfred Wiedensohler, and Yafang Cheng
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 4763–4774, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-4763-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-4763-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We investigate the hygroscopic behavior of levoglucosan and D-glucose nanoparticles using a nano-HTDMA. There is a weak size dependence of the hygroscopic growth factor of levoglucosan and D-glucose with diameters down to 20 nm, while a strong size dependence of the hygroscopic growth factor of D-glucose has been clearly observed in the size range 6 to 20 nm. The use of the DKA method leads to good agreement with the hygroscopic growth factor of glucose nanoparticles with diameters down to 6 nm.
Lubica Vetráková, Vilém Neděla, Kamila Závacká, Xin Yang, and Dominik Heger
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 4463–4488, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-4463-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-4463-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Salt aerosols are important to polar atmospheric chemistry and global climate. Therefore, we utilized a unique electron microscope to identify the most suitable conditions for formation of the small salt (CsCl) particles, proxies of the aerosols, from sublimating salty snow. Very low sublimation temperature and low salt concentration are needed for formation of such particles. These observations may help us to better understand polar spring ozone depletion and bromine explosion events.
Xiaohan Li and Ian C. Bourg
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 2525–2556, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-2525-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-2525-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Aerosol particles with sizes smaller than 50 nm impact cloud formation and precipitation. Representation of this effect is hindered by limited understanding of the properties of liquid water in these particles. Our simulations of aerosol particles containing salt or organic compounds reveal that water enters a less cohesive phase at droplet sizes below 4 nm. This effect causes important deviations from theoretical predictions of aerosol properties, including phase state and hygroscopic growth.
Kristian Klumpp, Claudia Marcolli, Ana Alonso-Hellweg, Christopher H. Dreimol, and Thomas Peter
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 1579–1598, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-1579-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-1579-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The prerequisites of a particle surface for efficient ice nucleation are still poorly understood. This study compares the ice nucleation activity of two chemically identical but morphologically different minerals (kaolinite and halloysite). We observe, on average, not only higher ice nucleation activities for halloysite than kaolinite but also higher diversity between individual samples. We identify the particle edges as being the most likely site for ice nucleation.
Fabian Mahrt, Carolin Rösch, Kunfeng Gao, Christopher H. Dreimol, Maria A. Zawadowicz, and Zamin A. Kanji
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 1285–1308, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-1285-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-1285-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Major aerosol types emitted by biomass burning include soot, ash, and charcoal particles. Here, we investigated the ice nucleation activity of 400 nm size-selected particles of two different pyrolyis-derived charcoal types in the mixed phase and cirrus cloud regime. We find that ice nucleation is constrained to cirrus cloud conditions, takes place via pore condensation and freezing, and is largely governed by the particle porosity and mineral content.
Chun Xiong, Xueyan Chen, Xiaolei Ding, Binyu Kuang, Xiangyu Pei, Zhengning Xu, Shikuan Yang, Huan Hu, and Zhibin Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 16123–16135, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-16123-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-16123-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Water surface tension is applied widely in current aerosol–cloud models but could be inappropriate in the presence of atmospheric surfactants. With cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) activity and atomic force microscopy (AFM) measurement results of mixed inorganic salt and dicarboxylic acid particles, we concluded that surface tension reduction and phase state should be carefully considered in aerosol–cloud interactions. Our results could help to decease uncertainties in climate models.
Bernadette Rosati, Sini Isokääntä, Sigurd Christiansen, Mads Mørk Jensen, Shamjad P. Moosakutty, Robin Wollesen de Jonge, Andreas Massling, Marianne Glasius, Jonas Elm, Annele Virtanen, and Merete Bilde
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 13449–13466, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-13449-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-13449-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Sulfate aerosols have a strong influence on climate. Due to the reduction in sulfur-based fossil fuels, natural sulfur emissions play an increasingly important role. Studies investigating the climate relevance of natural sulfur aerosols are scarce. We study the water uptake of such particles in the laboratory, demonstrating a high potential to take up water and form cloud droplets. During atmospheric transit, chemical processing affects the particles’ composition and thus their water uptake.
Kanishk Gohil, Chun-Ning Mao, Dewansh Rastogi, Chao Peng, Mingjin Tang, and Akua Asa-Awuku
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 12769–12787, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-12769-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-12769-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The Hybrid Activity Model (HAM) is a promising new droplet growth model that can be potentially used for the analysis of any type of atmospheric compound. HAM may potentially improve the representation of hygroscopicity of organic aerosols in large-scale global climate models (GCMs), hence reducing the uncertainties in the climate forcing due to the aerosol indirect effect.
Charbel Harb and Hosein Foroutan
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 11759–11779, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-11759-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-11759-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
A model representation of lake spray aerosol (LSA) ejection from freshwater breaking waves is crucial for understanding their climatic and public health impacts. We develop an LSA emission parameterization and implement it in an atmospheric model to investigate Great Lakes surface emissions. We find that the same breaking wave is likely to produce fewer aerosols in freshwater than in saltwater and that Great Lakes emissions influence the regional aerosol burden and can reach the cloud layer.
Runlong Cai, Ella Häkkinen, Chao Yan, Jingkun Jiang, Markku Kulmala, and Juha Kangasluoma
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 11529–11541, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-11529-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-11529-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The influences of new particle formation on the climate and air quality are governed by particle survival, which has been under debate due to uncertainties in the coagulation sink. Here we measure the coagulation coefficient of sub-10 nm particles and demonstrate that collisions between the freshly nucleated and background particles can effectively lead to coagulation. We further show that the effective coagulation sink is consistent with the new particle formation measured in urban Beijing.
Lamei Shi, Jiahua Zhang, Da Zhang, Jingwen Wang, Xianglei Meng, Yuqin Liu, and Fengmei Yao
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 11255–11274, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-11255-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-11255-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Dust impacts climate and human life. Analyzing the interdecadal change in dust activity and its influence factors is crucial for disaster mitigation. Based on a linear regression method, this study revealed the interdecadal variability of relationships between ENSO and dust over northwestern South Asia from 1982 to 2014 and analyzed the effects of atmospheric factors on this interdecadal variability. The result sheds new light on numerical simulation involving the interdecadal variation of dust.
Bighnaraj Sarangi, Darrel Baumgardner, Benjamin Bolaños-Rosero, and Olga L. Mayol-Bracero
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 9647–9661, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-9647-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-9647-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Here, the fluorescent characteristics and cloud-forming efficiency of aerosols at an urban site in Puerto Rico are discussed. The results from this pilot study highlight the capabilities of ultraviolet-induced fluorescence (UV-IF) measurements for characterizing the properties of fluorescing aerosol particles, as they relate to the daily evolution of primary biological aerosol particles. This work has established a database of measurements on which future, longer-term studies will be initiated.
Rani Jeong, Joseph Lilek, Andreas Zuend, Rongshuang Xu, Man Nin Chan, Dohyun Kim, Hi Gyu Moon, and Mijung Song
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 8805–8817, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-8805-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-8805-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
In this study, the viscosities of particles of sucrose–H2O, AS–H2O, and sucrose–AS–H2O for OIRs of 4:1, 1:1, and 1:4 for decreasing RH, were quantified by poke-and-flow and bead-mobility techniques at 293 ± 1 K. Based on the viscosity results, the particles of binary and ternary systems ranged from liquid to semisolid, and even the solid state depending on the RH. Moreover, we compared the measured viscosities of ternary systems to the predicted viscosities with excellent agreement.
Minxia Shen, Kin Fai Ho, Wenting Dai, Suixin Liu, Ting Zhang, Qiyuan Wang, Jingjing Meng, Judith C. Chow, John G. Watson, Junji Cao, and Jianjun Li
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 7489–7504, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-7489-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-7489-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Looking at characteristics and δ13C compositions of dicarboxylic acids and related compounds in BB aerosols, we used a combined combustion and aging system to generate fresh and aged aerosols from burning straw. The results showed the emission factors (EFaged) of total diacids of aging experiments were around an order of magnitude higher than EFfresh. This meant that dicarboxylic acids are involved with secondary photochemical processes in the atmosphere rather than primary emissions from BB.
Jonas K. F. Jakobsson, Deepak B. Waman, Vaughan T. J. Phillips, and Thomas Bjerring Kristensen
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 6717–6748, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-6717-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-6717-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Long-lived cold-layer clouds at subzero temperatures are observed to be remarkably persistent in their generation of ice particles and snow precipitation. There is uncertainty about why this is so. This motivates the present lab study to observe the long-term ice-nucleating ability of aerosol samples from the real troposphere. Time dependence of their ice nucleation is observed to be weak in lab experiments exposing the samples to isothermal conditions for up to about 10 h.
Kunfeng Gao, Chong-Wen Zhou, Eszter J. Barthazy Meier, and Zamin A. Kanji
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 5331–5364, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-5331-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-5331-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Incomplete combustion of fossil fuel produces carbonaceous particles called soot. These particles can affect cloud formation by acting as centres for droplet or ice formation. The atmospheric residence time of soot particles is of the order of days to weeks, which can result in them becoming coated by various trace species in the atmosphere such as acids. In this study, we quantify the cirrus cloud-forming ability of soot particles coated with the atmospherically ubiquitous sulfuric acid.
Kunfeng Gao, Franz Friebel, Chong-Wen Zhou, and Zamin A. Kanji
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 4985–5016, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-4985-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-4985-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Soot particles impact cloud formation and radiative properties in the upper atmosphere where aircraft emit carbonaceous particles. We use cloud chambers to mimic the upper atmosphere temperature and humidity to test the influence of the morphology of the soot particles on ice cloud formation. For particles larger than 200 nm, the compacted (densified) samples have a higher affinity for ice crystal formation in the cirrus regime than the fluffy (un-compacted) soot particles of the same sample.
Joel Kuula, Hilkka Timonen, Jarkko V. Niemi, Hanna E. Manninen, Topi Rönkkö, Tareq Hussein, Pak Lun Fung, Sasu Tarkoma, Mikko Laakso, Erkka Saukko, Aino Ovaska, Markku Kulmala, Ari Karppinen, Lasse Johansson, and Tuukka Petäjä
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 4801–4808, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-4801-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-4801-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Modern and up-to-date policies and air quality management strategies are instrumental in tackling global air pollution. As the European Union is preparing to revise Ambient Air Quality Directive 2008/50/EC, this paper initiates discussion on selected features of the directive that we believe would benefit from a reassessment. The scientific community has the most recent and deepest understanding of air pollution; thus, its contribution is essential.
Yu Wang, Aristeidis Voliotis, Dawei Hu, Yunqi Shao, Mao Du, Ying Chen, Judith Kleinheins, Claudia Marcolli, M. Rami Alfarra, and Gordon McFiggans
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 4149–4166, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-4149-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-4149-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Aerosol water uptake plays a key role in atmospheric physicochemical processes. We designed chamber experiments on aerosol water uptake of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) from mixed biogenic and anthropogenic precursors with inorganic seed. Our results highlight this chemical composition influences the reconciliation of the sub- and super-saturated water uptake, providing laboratory evidence for understanding the chemical controls of water uptake of the multi-component aerosol.
Shuang Han, Juan Hong, Qingwei Luo, Hanbing Xu, Haobo Tan, Qiaoqiao Wang, Jiangchuan Tao, Yaqing Zhou, Long Peng, Yao He, Jingnan Shi, Nan Ma, Yafang Cheng, and Hang Su
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 3985–4004, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-3985-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-3985-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We present the hygroscopicity of 23 organic species with different physicochemical properties using a hygroscopicity tandem differential mobility analyzer (HTDMA) and compare the results with previous studies. Based on the hygroscopicity parameter κ, the influence of different physicochemical properties that potentially drive hygroscopicity, such as the functionality, water solubility, molar volume, and O : C ratio of organics, are examined separately.
Kimmo Korhonen, Thomas Bjerring Kristensen, John Falk, Vilhelm B. Malmborg, Axel Eriksson, Louise Gren, Maja Novakovic, Sam Shamun, Panu Karjalainen, Lassi Markkula, Joakim Pagels, Birgitta Svenningsson, Martin Tunér, Mika Komppula, Ari Laaksonen, and Annele Virtanen
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 1615–1631, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-1615-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-1615-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We investigated the ice-nucleating abilities of particulate emissions from a modern diesel engine using the portable ice-nuclei counter SPIN, a continuous-flow diffusion chamber instrument. Three different fuels were studied without blending, including fossil diesel and two renewable fuels, testing different emission aftertreatment systems and photochemical aging. We found that the diesel emissions were inefficient ice nuclei, and aging had no or little effect on their ice-nucleating abilities.
Noora Hyttinen, Iida Pullinen, Aki Nissinen, Siegfried Schobesberger, Annele Virtanen, and Taina Yli-Juuti
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 1195–1208, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-1195-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-1195-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Accurate saturation vapor pressure estimates of atmospherically relevant organic compounds are critical for modeling secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation. We investigated vapor pressures of highly oxygenated SOA constituents using state-of-the-art computational and experimental methods. We found a good agreement between low and extremely low vapor pressures estimated using the two methods, and the smallest molecules detected in our experiment were likely products of thermal decomposition.
Cited articles
Ackerman, A. S., Toon, O. B., Stevens, D. E., Heymsfield, A. J.,
Ramanathan, V., and Welton, E. J.: Reduction of tropical cloudiness by soot,
Science, 288, 1042–1047, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.288.5468.1042,
2000.
An, L. C., Che, H. Z., Xue, M., Zhang, T. H., Wang, H., Wang, Y. Q., Zhou,
C. H., Zhao, H. J., Gui, K., Zheng, Y., Sun, T. Z., Liang, Y. X., Sun, E.
W., Zhang, H. D., and Zhang, X. Y.: Temporal and spatial variations in sand
and dust storm events in East Asia from 2007 to 2016: Relationships with
surface conditions and climate change, Sci. Total Environ., 633, 452–462,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.03.068, 2018.
Banerjee, P., Satheesh, S. K., and Krishna Moorthy, K.: Is the Atlantic Ocean driving the recent variability in South Asian dust?, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 17665–17685, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-17665-2021, 2021.
Cayan, D. R.: Latent and Sensible Heat Flux Anomalies over the Northern
Oceans: The Connection to Monthly Atmospheric Circulation, J. Climate, 5,
354–369, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0442(1992)005<0354:Lashfa>2.0.Co;2, 1992.
Che, H., Gui, K., Xia, X., Wang, Y., Holben, B. N., Goloub, P., Cuevas-Agulló, E., Wang, H., Zheng, Y., Zhao, H., and Zhang, X.: Large contribution of meteorological factors to inter-decadal changes in regional aerosol optical depth, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 10497–10523, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-10497-2019, 2019.
Chen, S., Huang, J., Kang, L., Wang, H., Ma, X., He, Y., Yuan, T., Yang, B., Huang, Z., and Zhang, G.: Emission, transport, and radiative effects of mineral dust from the Taklimakan and Gobi deserts: comparison of measurements and model results, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 2401–2421, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-2401-2017, 2017.
Chiapello, I., Moulin, C., and Prospero, J. M.: Understanding the long-term
variability of African dust transport across the Atlantic as recorded in
both Barbados surface concentrations and large-scale Total Ozone Mapping
Spectrometer (TOMS) optical thickness, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 110, D18S10,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2004jd005132, 2005.
Czaja, A. and Frankignoul, C.: Observed Impact of Atlantic SST Anomalies on
the North Atlantic Oscillation, J. Climate, 15, 606–623,
https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0442(2002)015<0606:Oioasa>2.0.Co;2, 2002.
Duce, R. A., Unni, C. K., Ray, B. J., Prospero, J. M., and Merrill, J. T.:
Long-Range Atmospheric Transport of Soil Dust from Asia to the Tropical
North Pacific: Temporal Variability, Science, 209, 1522–1524,
https://doi.org/10.1126/science.209.4464.1522, 1980.
Feng, J., Li, J., Liao, H., and Zhu, J.: Simulated coordinated impacts of the previous autumn North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) and winter El Niño on winter aerosol concentrations over eastern China, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 10787–10800, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-10787-2019, 2019.
Feng, J., Zhu, J., Li, J., and Liao, H.: Aerosol concentrations variability over China: two distinct leading modes, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 9883–9893, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-9883-2020, 2020.
Gelaro, R., McCarty, W., Suarez, M. J., Todling, R., Molod, A., Takacs, L.,
Randles, C. A., Darmenov, A., Bosilovich, M. G., Reichle, R., Wargan, K.,
Coy, L., Cullather, R., Draper, C., Akella, S., Buchard, V., Conaty, A., da
Silva, A. M., Gu, W., Kim, G. K., Koster, R., Lucchesi, R., Merkova, D.,
Nielsen, J. E., Partyka, G., Pawson, S., Putman, W., Rienecker, M.,
Schubert, S. D., Sienkiewicz, M., and Zhao, B.: The Modern-Era Retrospective
Analysis for Research and Applications, Version 2 (MERRA-2), J. Climate, 30,
5419–5454, https://doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-16-0758.1, 2017.
Giannini, A., Kushnir, Y., and Cane, M. A.: Interannual variability of
Caribbean rainfall, ENSO, and the Atlantic Ocean, J. Climate, 13, 297–311,
https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0442(2000)013<0297:Ivocre>2.0.Co;2, 2000.
Ginoux, P., Prospero, J. M., Torres, O., and Chin, M.: Long-term simulation
of global dust distribution with the GOCART model: correlation with North
Atlantic Oscillation, Environ. Modell. Softw., 19, 113–128,
https://doi.org/10.1016/s1364-8152(03)00114-2, 2004.
Ginoux, P., Prospero, J. M., Gill, T. E., Hsu, N. C., and Zhao, M.:
Global-scale attribution of anthropogenic and natural dust sources and their
emission rates based on MODIS Deep Blue aerosol products, Rev. Geophys., 50,
RG3005, https://doi.org/10.1029/2012rg000388, 2012.
Global Modeling and Assimilation Office (GMAO): MERRA-2 tavg1_2d_aer_Nx: 2d,1-Hourly, Time-averaged, Single-Level, Assimilation, Aerosol Diagnostics V5.12.4, Greenbelt, MD, USA, Goddard Earth Sciences Data and Information Services Center (GES DISC) [data set], https://doi.org/10.5067/KLICLTZ8EM9D, 2015a.
Global Modeling and Assimilation Office (GMAO): MERRA-2 tavgM_2d_aer_Nx: 2d, Monthly mean, Time-averaged, Single-Level, Assimilation, Aerosol Diagnostics V5.12.4, Greenbelt, MD, USA, Goddard Earth Sciences Data and Information Services Center (GES DISC) [data set], https://doi.org/10.5067/FH9A0MLJPC7N, 2015b.
Graf, H.-F. and Zanchettin, D.: Central Pacific El Niño, the
“subtropical bridge,” and Eurasian climate, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 117, D01102,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2011JD016493, 2012.
Han, Y., Wang, T. H., Tang, J. Y., Wang, C. Y., Jian, B. D., Huang, Z. W.,
and Huang, J. P.: New insights into the Asian dust cycle derived from
CALIPSO lidar measurements, Remote Sens. Environ., 272, 112906,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2022.112906, 2022.
Hartley, S. and Keables, M. J.: Synoptic associations of winter climate and
snowfall variability in New England, USA, 1950–1992, Int. J. Climatol., 18,
281–298, https://doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1097-0088(19980315)18:3<281::Aid-joc245>3.0.Co;2-f, 1998.
Hersbach, H., Bell, B., Berrisford, P., Hirahara, S., Horanyi, A.,
Munoz-Sabater, J., Nicolas, J., Peubey, C., Radu, R., Schepers, D., Simmons,
A., Soci, C., Abdalla, S., Abellan, X., Balsamo, G., Bechtold, P., Biavati,
G., Bidlot, J., Bonavita, M., De Chiara, G., Dahlgren, P., Dee, D.,
Diamantakis, M., Dragani, R., Flemming, J., Forbes, R., Fuentes, M., Geer,
A., Haimberger, L., Healy, S., Hogan, R. J., Holm, E., Janiskova, M.,
Keeley, S., Laloyaux, P., Lopez, P., Lupu, C., Radnoti, G., de Rosnay, P.,
Rozum, I., Vamborg, F., Villaume, S., and Thepaut, J.-N.: The ERA5 global
reanalysis, Q. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 146, 1999–2049,
https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.3803, 2020.
Hersbach, H., Bell, B., Berrisford, P., Biavati, G., Horányi, A., Muñoz Sabater, J., Nicolas, J., Peubey, C., Radu, R., Rozum, I., Schepers, D., Simmons, A., Soci, C., Dee, D., Thépaut, J.-N.: ERA5 hourly data on pressure levels from 1940 to present, Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S) Climate Data Store (CDS) [data set], https://doi.org/10.24381/cds.bd0915c6, 2023.
Holopainen, E. O. and Oort, A. H.: On the Role of Large-Scale Transient
Eddies in the Maintenance of the Vorticity and Enstrophy of the Time-Mean
Atmospheric Flow, J. Atmos. Sci., 38, 270–280,
https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(1981)038<0270:Otrols>2.0.Co;2, 1981.
Holopainen, E. O., Rontu, L., and Lau, N. C.: The Effect of Large-Scale
Transient Eddies on the Time-Mean Flow in the Atmosphere, J. Atmos. Sci.,
39, 1972–1984, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(1982)039<1972:Teolst>2.0.Co;2, 1982.
Hong, S. K., Ryoo, S. B., Kim, J., and Lee, S. S.: Prediction of Asian Dust
Days over Northern China Using the KMA-ADAM2 Model, Weather Forecast., 34,
1777–1787, https://doi.org/10.1175/waf-d-19-0008.1, 2019.
Huang, B. Y., Thorne, P. W., Banzon, V. F., Boyer, T., Chepurin, G.,
Lawrimore, J. H., Menne, M. J., Smith, T. M., Vose, R. S., and Zhang, H. M.:
Extended Reconstructed Sea Surface Temperature, Version 5 (ERSSTv5):
Upgrades, Validations, and Intercomparisons, J. Climate, 30, 8179–8205,
https://doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-16-0836.1, 2017a.
Huang, B. Y., Thorne, P. W., Banzon, V. F., Boyer, T., Chepurin, G., Lawrimore, J. H., Menne, M. J., Smith, T. M., Vose, R. S., and Zhang, H. M.: NOAA Extended Reconstructed Sea Surface Temperature (ERSST), Version 5, NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information [data set], https://doi.org/10.7289/V5T72FNM, 2017b.
Huang, J. P., Lin, B., Minnis, P., Wang, T. H., Wang, X., Hu, Y. X., Yi, Y.
H., and Ayers, J. K.: Satellite-based assessment of possible dust aerosols
semi-direct effect on cloud water path over East Asia, Geophys. Res. Lett.,
33, L19802, https://doi.org/10.1029/2006gl026561, 2006.
Huang, J. P., Wang, T. H., Wang, W. C., Li, Z. Q., and Yan, H. R.: Climate
effects of dust aerosols over East Asian arid and semiarid regions, J.
Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 119, 11398–11416,
https://doi.org/10.1002/2014jd021796, 2014.
Huang, J. P., Liu, J. J., Chen, B., and Nasiri, S. L.: Detection of anthropogenic dust using CALIPSO lidar measurements, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 11653–11665, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-11653-2015, 2015.
Huang, X., Song, Y., Zhao, C., Li, M. M., Zhu, T., Zhang, Q., and Zhang, X.
Y.: Pathways of sulfate enhancement by natural and anthropogenic mineral
aerosols in China, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 119, 14165–14179,
https://doi.org/10.1002/2014jd022301, 2014.
Huang, Y. H., Liu, X. D., Yin, Z. Y., and An, Z. S.: Global Impact of ENSO
on Dust Activities with Emphasis on the Key Region from the Arabian
Peninsula to Central Asia, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 126, e2020JD034068,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2020jd034068, 2021.
Hurrell, J. W.: Decadal Trends in the North Atlantic Oscillation: Regional
Temperatures and Precipitation, Science, 269, 676–679,
https://doi.org/10.1126/science.269.5224.676, 1995.
Ji, L. Q. and Fan, K.: Climate prediction of dust weather frequency over
northern China based on sea-ice cover and vegetation variability, Clim.
Dynam., 53, 687–705, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-018-04608-w, 2019.
Jin, F. F., Pan, L. L., and Watanabe, M.: Dynamics of synoptic eddy and
low-frequency flow interaction. Part I: A linear closure, J. Atmos. Sci.,
63, 1677–1694, https://doi.org/10.1175/jas3715.1, 2006.
Kang, L. T., Huang, J. P., Chen, S. Y., and Wang, X.: Long-term trends of
dust events over Tibetan Plateau during 1961-2010, Atmos. Environ., 125,
188–198, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2015.10.085, 2016.
Kaufman, Y. J., Tanre, D., and Boucher, O.: A satellite view of aerosols in
the climate system, Nature, 419, 215–223,
https://doi.org/10.1038/nature01091, 2002.
Kurosaki, Y. and Mikami, M.: Recent frequent dust events and their relation
to surface wind in East Asia, Geophys. Res. Lett., 30, 1736,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2003gl017261, 2003.
Kutiel, H. and Furman, H.: Dust storms in the Middle East: Sources of origin
and their temporal characteristics, Indoor Built Environ., 12, 419–426,
https://doi.org/10.1177/1420326x03037110, 2003.
Lackmann, G.: Midlatitude Synoptic Meteorology: Dynamics, Analysis, and Forecasting, American Meteorological Society Publications, Boston, America, 41–55, ISBN9781878220103, 2012.
Lau, N. C. and Nath, M. J.: Variability of the Baroclinic and Barotropic
Transient Eddy Forcing Associated with Monthly Changes in the Midlatitude
Storm Tracks, J. Atmos. Sci., 48, 2589–2613,
https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(1991)048<2589:Votbab>2.0.Co;2, 1991.
Lee, E. H. and Sohn, B. J.: Examining the impact of wind and surface
vegetation on the Asian dust occurrence over three classified source
regions, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 114, D06205,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2008jd010687, 2009.
Li, J., Garshick, E., Huang, S. D., and Koutrakis, P.: Impacts of El
Nino-Southern Oscillation on surface dust levels across the world during
1982-2019, Sci. Total Environ., 769, 144566,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144566, 2021.
Li, J. P. and Wang, J. X. L.: A new North Atlantic Oscillation index and its
variability, Adv. Atmos. Sci., 20, 661–676, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02915394, 2003.
Li, J. P., Zheng, F., Sun, C., Feng, J., and Wang, J.: Pathways of Influence
of the Northern Hemisphere Mid-high Latitudes on East Asian Climate: A
Review, Adv. Atmos. Sci., 36, 902–921,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00376-019-8236-5, 2019.
Li, M. Y., Yao, Y., Simmonds, I., Luo, D., Zhong, L., and Pei, L.: Linkages between the atmospheric transmission originating from the North Atlantic Oscillation and persistent winter haze over Beijing, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 18573–18588, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-18573-2021, 2021.
Li, X. and Liu, X. D.: Relation of Spring Dust-Storm Activities in Northern
China and Changes of Upper Westerlies, Plateau. Meteorology,
34, 1292–1300, 2015 (in Chinese).
Li, Y., Li, J. P., Zhang, W. J., Chen, Q. L., Feng, J., Zheng, F., Wang, W.,
and Zhou, X.: Impacts of the Tropical Pacific Cold Tongue Mode on ENSO
Diversity Under Global Warming, J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans, 122, 8524–8542,
https://doi.org/10.1002/2017jc013052, 2017.
Li, Y., Zhang, J. Y., Lu, Y., Zhu, J. L., and Feng, J.: Characteristics of
Transient Eddy Fluxes during Blocking Highs Associated with Two Cold Events
in China, Atmosphere, 10, 235, https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos10050235, 2019a.
Li, Y., Lu, Y., and Wang, C. H.: Characteristics of thermal and momentum
transport during the lifetime of Ural blocking highs, Int. J. Climatol., 40,
77–93, https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.6195, 2019b.
Li, Y., Song, Y. G., Kaskaoutis, D. G., Zhang, X. X., Chen, X. L., Shukurov,
N., and Orozbaev, R.: Atmospheric dust dynamics over Central Asia: A
perspective view from loess deposits, Gondwana Res., 109, 150–165,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gr.2022.04.019, 2022a.
Li, Y., Hu, X. L., Wang, X., and Ji, M. X.: Impact of transient eddy fluxes
on the dust storm event: Cases study in South Xinjiang, China, Atmos. Res.,
269, 106054, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2022.106054, 2022b.
Lin, H. and Wu, Z. W.: Contribution of the Autumn Tibetan Plateau Snow Cover
to Seasonal Prediction of North American Winter Temperature, J. Climate, 24,
2801–2813, https://doi.org/10.1175/2010jcli3889.1, 2011.
Liu, J., Wu, D. Y., Liu, G. J., Mao, R., Chen, S. Y., Ji, M. X., Fu, P. Q.,
Sun, Y. L., Pan, X. L., Jin, H. C., Zhou, Y. B., and Wang, X.: Impact of
Arctic amplification on declining spring dust events in East Asia, Clim.
Dynam., 54, 1913–1935, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-019-05094-4, 2020.
Liu, X. D. and Yin, Z. Y.: Spatial and temporal variation of summer
precipitation over the eastern Tibetan Plateau and the North Atlantic
oscillation, J. Climate, 14, 2896–2909,
https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0442(2001)014<2896:Satvos>2.0.Co;2, 2001.
Liu, X. D., Yin, Z. Y., Zhang, X. Y., and Yang, X. C.: Analyses of the
spring dust storm frequency of northern China in relation to antecedent and
concurrent wind, precipitation, vegetation, and soil moisture conditions, J.
Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 109, D16210, https://doi.org/10.1029/2004jd004615, 2004.
Liu, Y., Zhang, J., Zhou, P., Lin, T., Hong, J., Shi, L., Yao, F., Wu, J., Guo, H., and de Leeuw, G.: Satellite-based estimate of the variability of warm cloud properties associated with aerosol and meteorological conditions, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 18187–18202, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-18187-2018, 2018.
Mao, R., Ho, C. H., Shao, Y., Gong, D. Y., and Kim, J.: Influence of Arctic
Oscillation on dust activity over northeast Asia, Atmos. Environ., 45,
326–337, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2010.10.020, 2011.
Moulin, C., Lambert, C. E., Dulac, F., and Dayan, U.: Control of atmospheric
export of dust from North Africa by the North Atlantic oscillation, Nature,
387, 691–694, https://doi.org/10.1038/42679, 1997.
Nie, W., Ding, A. J., Wang, T., Kerminen, V. M., George, C., Xue, L. K.,
Wang, W. X., Zhang, Q. Z., Petaja, T., Qi, X. M., Gao, X. M., Wang, X. F.,
Yang, X. Q., Fu, C. B., and Kulmala, M.: Polluted dust promotes new particle
formation and growth, Sci. Rep., 4, 6634, https://doi.org/10.1038/srep08949,
2015.
Qian, W. H.: Physical decomposition principle of regional-scale atmospheric
transient anomaly, J. Geophys., 55, 1439–1448,
https://doi.org/10.6038/j.issn.0001-5733.2012.05.002, 2012 (in Chinese).
Sassen, K., DeMott, P. J., Prospero, J. M., and Poellot, M. R.: Saharan dust
storms and indirect aerosol effects on clouds: CRYSTAL-FACE results,
Geophys. Res. Lett., 30, 1633, https://doi.org/10.1029/2003GL017371, 2003.
Shao, T. H. and Zhang, Y. C.: Influence of Winter North Atlantic Oscillation on
Spring Precipitation in China, Plateau. Meteorology, 31,
1225–1233, 2012 (in Chinese).
Sokolik, I. N. and Toon, O. B.: Direct radiative forcing by anthropogenic
airborne mineral aerosols, Nature, 381, 681–683,
https://doi.org/10.1038/381681a0, 1996.
Solomon, A. B.: An observational study of the spatial and temporal scales of
transient eddy sensible heat fluxes, J. Climate, 10, 508–520,
https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0442(1997)010<0508:Aosots>2.0.Co;2, 1997.
Tang, H. Y., Zhai, P. M., and Chang, Y. K.: SVD Analysis between Northern
Hemisphere 500 hPa Heights and Spring Duststorms over Northern China, J.
Dersert. Res., 25, 570–576,
https://doi.org/10.3321/j.issn:1000-694X.2005.04.020, 2005 (in Chinese).
Trenberth, K. E.: An assessment of the impact of transient eddies on the
zonal flow during a blocking episode using localized Eliassen-Palm flux
diagnostics, J. Atmos. Sci., 43, 2070–2087,
https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(1986)043<2070:Aaotio>2.0.Co;2, 1986.
Walker, G. T.: Correlations in seasonal variations of weather IX, Indian
Meteor. Dept., 24, 275–332, 1924.
Wang, X., Liu, J., Che, H. Z., Ji, F., and Liu, J. J.: Spatial and temporal
evolution of natural and anthropogenic dust events over northern China, Sci.
Rep., 8, 2141, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-20382-5, 2018.
Wang, X. M., Zhai, P. M., and Wang, C. C.: Variations in extratropical
cyclone activity in northern East Asia, Adv. Atmos. Sci., 26, 471–479,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00376-009-0471-8, 2009.
Wang, Y. B. and Shi, N.: Relation of North Atlantic Oscillation Anomaly to
China Climate during 1951–1995, Trans. Atmos. Sci., 24,
315–322, https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1674-7097.2001.03.003, 2001 (in Chinese).
Wang, Z. Q., Yang, S., Lau, N. C., and Duan, A. M.: Teleconnection between
Summer NAO and East China Rainfall Variations: A Bridge Effect of the
Tibetan Plateau, J. Climate, 31, 6433–6444,
https://doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-17-0413.1, 2018.
Washington, R., Todd, M., Middleton, N. J., and Goudie, A. S.: Dust-storm
source areas determined by the total ozone monitoring spectrometer and
surface observations, Ann. Assoc. Am. Geogr., 93, 297–313,
https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8306.9302003, 2003.
Watanabe, M.: Asian jet waveguide and a downstream extension of the North
Atlantic Oscillation, J. Climate, 17, 4674–4691,
https://doi.org/10.1175/jcli-3228.1, 2004.
Watanabe, M. and Kimoto, M.: Atmosphere-ocean thermal coupling in the North
Atlantic: A positive feedback, Q. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 126, 3343–3369,
https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.49712657017, 2000.
Wilcox, L. J., Liu, Z., Samset, B. H., Hawkins, E., Lund, M. T., Nordling, K., Undorf, S., Bollasina, M., Ekman, A. M. L., Krishnan, S., Merikanto, J., and Turner, A. G.: Accelerated increases in global and Asian summer monsoon precipitation from future aerosol reductions, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 11955–11977, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-11955-2020, 2020.
Wu, J., Kurosaki, Y., Shinoda, M., and Kai, K. J.: Regional Characteristics
of Recent Dust Occurrence and Its Controlling Factors in East Asia, Sola,
12, 187–191, https://doi.org/10.2151/sola.2016-038, 2016.
Wu, Z. W., Wang, B., Li, J. P., and Jin, F. F.: An empirical seasonal
prediction model of the east Asian summer monsoon using ENSO and NAO, J.
Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 114, D18120, https://doi.org/10.1029/2009jd011733, 2009.
Yang, Y., Russell, L. M., Lou, S. J., Liao, H., Guo, J. P., Liu, Y., Singh,
B., and Ghan, S. J.: Dust-wind interactions can intensify aerosol pollution
over eastern China, Nat. Commun., 8, 15333, https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms15333,
2017.
Yang, Y., Zeng, L., Wang, H., Wang, P., and Liao, H.: Dust pollution in China affected by different spatial and temporal types of El Niño, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 14489–14502, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-14489-2022, 2022.
Yao, W. R., Gui, K., Wang, Y. Q., Che, H. Z., and Zhang, X. Y.: Identifying
the dominant local factors of 2000–2019 changes in dust loading over East
Asia, Sci. Total Environ., 777, 146064,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146064, 2021.
Yao, Y., Zhang, W. Q., Luo, D. H., Zhong, L. H., and Pei, L.: Seasonal
Cumulative Effect of Ural Blocking Episodes on the Frequent Cold events in
China during the Early Winter of 2020/21, Adv. Atmos. Sci., 39, 609–624,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00376-021-1100-4, 2022.
Yin, Z. C., Wan, Y., Zhang, Y. J., and Wang, H. J.: Why super sandstorm 2021
in North China?, Natl. Sci. Rev., 9, nwab165, https://doi.org/10.1093/nsr/nwab165,
2021.
Yu, B., Lin, H., Wu, Z. W., and Merryfield, W. J.: Relationship between
North American winter temperature and large-scale atmospheric circulation
anomalies and its decadal variation, Environ. Res. Lett., 11, 074001,
https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/11/7/074001, 2016.
Yu, X. C., Wang, Z. L., Zhang, H., and Zhao, S. Y.: Impacts of different
types and intensities of El Niño events on winter aerosols over China,
Sci. Total Environ., 655, 766–780,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.11.090, 2019.
Zender, C. S., Miller, R. L., and Tegen, I.: Quantifying mineral dust mass
budgets:Terminology, constraints, and current estimates, Eos, Transactions
American Geophysical Union, 85, 509–512,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2004EO480002, 2004.
Zhang, C. X., Liu, C., Hu, Q. H., Cai, Z. N., Su, W. J., Xia, C. Z., Zhu, Y.
Z., Wang, S. W., and Liu, J. G.: Satellite UV-Vis spectroscopy: implications
for air quality trends and their driving forces in China during 2005–2017,
Light-Sci. Appl., 8, 100, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41377-019-0210-6, 2019.
Zhang, L., Zhang, H. S., Li, Q. H., Cai, X. H., and Song, Y.: Vertical
dispersion mechanism of long-range transported dust in Beijing: Effects of
atmospheric turbulence, Atmos. Res., 269, 106033,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2022.106033, 2022.
Zhang, P., Wu, Z. W., and Jin, R.: How can the winter North Atlantic
Oscillation influence the early summer precipitation in Northeast Asia:
effect of the Arctic sea ice, Clim. Dynam., 56, 1989–2005,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-020-05570-2, 2021.
Zhang, W. J., Wang, L., Xiang, B. Q., Qi, L., and He, J. H.: Impacts of two
types of La Nina on the NAO during boreal winter, Clim. Dynam., 44, 1351–1366,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-014-2155-z, 2015.
Zhang, X. Y., Gong, S. L., Zhao, T. L., Arimoto, R., Wang, Y. Q., and Zhou,
Z. J.: Sources of Asian dust and role of climate change versus
desertification in Asian dust emission, Geophys. Res. Lett., 30, 2272,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2003gl018206, 2003.
Zhang, X. Y., Wang, Y. Q., Niu, T., Zhang, X. C., Gong, S. L., Zhang, Y. M., and Sun, J. Y.: Atmospheric aerosol compositions in China: spatial/temporal variability, chemical signature, regional haze distribution and comparisons with global aerosols, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 779–799, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-779-2012, 2012.
Zhao, S., Li, J. P., and Sun, C.: Decadal variability in the occurrence of
wintertime haze in central eastern China tied to the Pacific Decadal
Oscillation, Sci. Rep., 6, 27424, https://doi.org/10.1038/srep27424, 2016.
Zhao, Y., Li, H. J., and He, Q.: Variation of dust strom days in Tarim Basin
and its relation with North Atlantic Oscillation, J. Dersert. Res., 32, 1082–1088,
2012 (in Chinese).
Zuo, J. Q., Ren, H. L., and Li, W. J.: Contrasting Impacts of the Arctic
Oscillation on Surface Air Temperature Anomalies in Southern China between
Early and Middle-to-Late Winter, J. Climate, 28, 4015–4026,
https://doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-14-00687.1, 2015.
Short summary
There is a significantly negative relationship between boreal winter North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) and dust aerosols (DAs) in the eastern part of China (30–40°N, 105–120°E), which is not a DA source area but is severely affected by the dust events (DEs). Under the effect of the NAO negative phase, main atmospheric circulation during the DEs is characterized by variation of the transient eddy flux. The work is of reference value to the prediction of DEs and the understanding of their causes.
There is a significantly negative relationship between boreal winter North Atlantic Oscillation...
Altmetrics
Final-revised paper
Preprint