Articles | Volume 19, issue 16
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-10675-2019
© Author(s) 2019. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-10675-2019
© Author(s) 2019. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
23 Aug 2019
Research article |
| 23 Aug 2019
| 23 Aug 2019
Size-resolved composition and morphology of particulate matter during the southwest monsoon in Metro Manila, Philippines
Melliza Templonuevo Cruz
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Manila Observatory, Quezon City 1108, Philippines
Institute of Environmental Science and Meteorology, University of the
Philippines, Diliman, Quezon City 1101, Philippines
Paola Angela Bañaga
Manila Observatory, Quezon City 1108, Philippines
Department of Physics, School of Science and Engineering, Ateneo de
Manila University, Quezon City 1108, Philippines
Grace Betito
Manila Observatory, Quezon City 1108, Philippines
Department of Physics, School of Science and Engineering, Ateneo de
Manila University, Quezon City 1108, Philippines
Rachel A. Braun
Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of
Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
Connor Stahl
Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of
Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
Mojtaba Azadi Aghdam
Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of
Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
Maria Obiminda Cambaliza
Manila Observatory, Quezon City 1108, Philippines
Department of Physics, School of Science and Engineering, Ateneo de
Manila University, Quezon City 1108, Philippines
Hossein Dadashazar
Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of
Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
Miguel Ricardo Hilario
Manila Observatory, Quezon City 1108, Philippines
Department of Physics, School of Science and Engineering, Ateneo de
Manila University, Quezon City 1108, Philippines
Genevieve Rose Lorenzo
Manila Observatory, Quezon City 1108, Philippines
Lin Ma
Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of
Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
Alexander B. MacDonald
Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of
Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
Preciosa Corazon Pabroa
Philippine Nuclear Research Institute, Commonwealth Avenue, Diliman,
Quezon City 1101, Philippines
John Robin Yee
Philippine Nuclear Research Institute, Commonwealth Avenue, Diliman,
Quezon City 1101, Philippines
James Bernard Simpas
Manila Observatory, Quezon City 1108, Philippines
Department of Physics, School of Science and Engineering, Ateneo de
Manila University, Quezon City 1108, Philippines
Armin Sorooshian
Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of
Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
Department of Hydrology and Atmospheric Sciences, University of
Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
Related authors
Genevieve Rose Lorenzo, Avelino F. Arellano, Maria Obiminda Cambaliza, Christopher Castro, Melliza Templonuevo Cruz, Larry Di Girolamo, Glenn Franco Gacal, Miguel Ricardo A. Hilario, Nofel Lagrosas, Hans Jarett Ong, James Bernard Simpas, Sherdon Niño Uy, and Armin Sorooshian
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 10579–10608, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-10579-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-10579-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Aerosol and weather interactions in Southeast Asia are complex and understudied. An emerging aerosol climatology was established in Metro Manila, the Philippines, from aerosol particle physicochemical properties and meteorology, revealing five sources. Even with local traffic, transported smoke from biomass burning, aged dust, and cloud processing, background marine particles dominate and correspond to lower aerosol optical depth in Metro Manila compared to other Southeast Asian megacities.
Connor Stahl, Ewan Crosbie, Paola Angela Bañaga, Grace Betito, Rachel A. Braun, Zenn Marie Cainglet, Maria Obiminda Cambaliza, Melliza Templonuevo Cruz, Julie Mae Dado, Miguel Ricardo A. Hilario, Gabrielle Frances Leung, Alexander B. MacDonald, Angela Monina Magnaye, Jeffrey Reid, Claire Robinson, Michael A. Shook, James Bernard Simpas, Shane Marie Visaga, Edward Winstead, Luke Ziemba, and Armin Sorooshian
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 14109–14129, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-14109-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-14109-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
A total of 159 cloud water samples were collected and measured for total organic carbon (TOC) during CAMP2Ex. On average, 30 % of TOC was speciated based on carboxylic/sulfonic acids and dimethylamine. Results provide a critical constraint on cloud composition and vertical profiles of TOC and organic species ranging from ~250 m to ~ 7 km and representing a variety of cloud types and air mass source influences such as biomass burning, marine emissions, anthropogenic activity, and dust.
Genevieve Rose Lorenzo, Paola Angela Bañaga, Maria Obiminda Cambaliza, Melliza Templonuevo Cruz, Mojtaba AzadiAghdam, Avelino Arellano, Grace Betito, Rachel Braun, Andrea F. Corral, Hossein Dadashazar, Eva-Lou Edwards, Edwin Eloranta, Robert Holz, Gabrielle Leung, Lin Ma, Alexander B. MacDonald, Jeffrey S. Reid, James Bernard Simpas, Connor Stahl, Shane Marie Visaga, and Armin Sorooshian
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 6155–6173, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-6155-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-6155-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Firework emissions change the physicochemical and optical properties of water-soluble particles, which subsequently alters the background aerosol’s respirability, influence on surroundings, ability to uptake gases, and viability as cloud condensation nuclei (CCN). There was heavy aerosol loading due to fireworks in the boundary layer. The aerosol constituents were largely water-soluble and submicrometer in size due to both inorganic salts in firework materials and gas-to-particle conversion.
Connor Stahl, Melliza Templonuevo Cruz, Paola Angela Bañaga, Grace Betito, Rachel A. Braun, Mojtaba Azadi Aghdam, Maria Obiminda Cambaliza, Genevieve Rose Lorenzo, Alexander B. MacDonald, Miguel Ricardo A. Hilario, Preciosa Corazon Pabroa, John Robin Yee, James Bernard Simpas, and Armin Sorooshian
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 15907–15935, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-15907-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-15907-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Long-term (16-month) high-frequency (weekly) measurements of size-resolved aerosol composition are reported. Important insights are discussed about factors (e.g., transport, fires, precipitation, photo-oxidation) impacting the mass size distributions of organic and sulfonic acids at a coastal megacity with diverse meteorology. The size-resolved nature of the data yielded one such finding that organic acids preferentially adsorb to dust rather than sea salt particles.
Rachel A. Braun, Mojtaba Azadi Aghdam, Paola Angela Bañaga, Grace Betito, Maria Obiminda Cambaliza, Melliza Templonuevo Cruz, Genevieve Rose Lorenzo, Alexander B. MacDonald, James Bernard Simpas, Connor Stahl, and Armin Sorooshian
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 2387–2405, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-2387-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-2387-2020, 2020
Miguel Ricardo A. Hilario, Melliza T. Cruz, Maria Obiminda L. Cambaliza, Jeffrey S. Reid, Peng Xian, James B. Simpas, Nofel D. Lagrosas, Sherdon Niño Y. Uy, Steve Cliff, and Yongjing Zhao
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 1255–1276, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-1255-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-1255-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
The research apportions size-resolved aerosol contributions from the South China Sea during the Vasco research cruise in September 2011. As aerosols can affect precipitation rates and cloud formation, identifying sources is key to characterizing the region and developing our understanding of aerosol–cloud behavior. A strong biomass burning signal was identified using elemental particulate matter in the fine and ultrafine size ranges. Oil combustion, soil dust, and sea spray were also identified.
Sanja Dmitrovic, Johnathan W. Hair, Brian L. Collister, Ewan Crosbie, Marta A. Fenn, Richard A. Ferrare, David B. Harper, Chris A. Hostetler, Yongxiang Hu, John A. Reagan, Claire E. Robinson, Shane T. Seaman, Taylor J. Shingler, Kenneth L. Thornhill, Holger Vömel, Xubin Zeng, and Armin Sorooshian
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 17, 3515–3532, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-3515-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-3515-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study introduces and evaluates a new ocean surface wind speed product from the NASA Langley Research Center (LARC) airborne High-Spectral-Resolution Lidar – Generation 2 (HSRL-2) during the NASA ACTIVATE mission. We show that HSRL-2 surface wind speed data are accurate when compared to ground-truth dropsonde measurements. Therefore, the HSRL-2 instrument is able obtain accurate, high-resolution surface wind speed data in airborne field campaigns.
Ewan Crosbie, Luke D. Ziemba, Michael A. Shook, Taylor Shingler, Johnathan W. Hair, Armin Sorooshian, Richard A. Ferrare, Brian Cairns, Yonghoon Choi, Joshua DiGangi, Glenn S. Diskin, Chris Hostetler, Simon Kirschler, Richard H. Moore, David Painemal, Claire Robinson, Shane T. Seaman, K. Lee Thornhill, Christiane Voigt, and Edward Winstead
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 6123–6152, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-6123-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-6123-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Marine clouds are found to clump together in regions or lines, readily discernible from satellite images of the ocean. While clustering is also a feature of deep storm clouds, we focus on smaller cloud systems associated with fair weather and brief localized showers. Two aircraft sampled the region around these shallow systems: one incorporated measurements taken within, adjacent to, and below the clouds, while the other provided a survey from above using remote sensing techniques.
Yafang Guo, Chayan Roychoudhury, Mohammad Amin Mirrezaei, Rajesh Kumar, Armin Sorooshian, and Avelino F. Arellano
Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 4331–4353, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-4331-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-4331-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This research focuses on surface ozone (O3) pollution in Arizona, a historically air-quality-challenged arid and semi-arid region in the US. The unique characteristics of this kind of region, e.g., intense heat, minimal moisture, and persistent desert shrubs, play a vital role in comprehending O3 exceedances. Using the WRF-Chem model, we analyzed O3 levels in the pre-monsoon month, revealing the model's skill in capturing diurnal and MDA8 O3 levels.
Leong Wai Siu, Joseph S. Schlosser, David Painemal, Brian Cairns, Marta A. Fenn, Richard A. Ferrare, Johnathan W. Hair, Chris A. Hostetler, Longlei Li, Mary M. Kleb, Amy Jo Scarino, Taylor J. Shingler, Armin Sorooshian, Snorre A. Stamnes, and Xubin Zeng
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 17, 2739–2759, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-2739-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-2739-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
An unprecedented 3-year aerosol dataset was collected from a recent NASA field campaign over the western North Atlantic Ocean, which offers a special opportunity to evaluate two state-of-the-art remote sensing instruments, one lidar and the other polarimeter, on the same aircraft. Special attention has been paid to validate aerosol optical depth data and their uncertainties when no reference dataset is available. Physical reasons for the disagreement between two instruments are discussed.
Taiwo Adedayo Ajayi, Yonghoon Choi, Ewan C. Crosbie, Joshua P. DiGangi, Glenn S. Diskin, Marta A. Fenn, Richard A. Ferrare, Johnathan W. Hair, Miguel Ricardo A. Hilario, Chris A. Hostetler, Simon Kirschler, Richard H. Moore, Taylor J. Shingler, Michael A. Shook, Cassidy Soloff, Kenneth L. Thornhill, Christiane Voigt, Edward L. Winstead, Luke Ziemba, and Armin Sorooshian
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1065, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1065, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study uses airborne data to examine vertical profiles of trace gases, aerosol particles, and meteorological variables over a remote marine area (Bermuda). Results show distinct differences based on both air mass source region (North America, Ocean, Caribbean/North Africa) and altitude for a given air mass type. This work highlights the sensitivity of remote marine areas to long-range transport and the importance of considering vertical dependence of trace gas and aerosol properties.
Hongyu Liu, Bo Zhang, Richard H. Moore, Luke D. Ziemba, Richard A. Ferrare, Hyundeok Choi, Armin Sorooshian, David Painemal, Hailong Wang, Michael A. Shook, Amy Jo Scarino, Johnathan W. Hair, Ewan C. Crosbie, Marta A. Fenn, Taylor J. Shingler, Chris A. Hostetler, Gao Chen, Mary M. Kleb, Gan Luo, Fangqun Yu, Jason L. Tackett, Mark A. Vaughan, Yongxiang Hu, Glenn S. Diskin, John B. Nowak, Joshua P. DiGangi, Yonghoon Choi, Christoph A. Keller, and Matthew S. Johnson
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1127, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1127, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We use the GEOS-Chem model to simulate aerosols over the western North Atlantic Ocean (WNAO) during the winter and summer campaigns of ACTIVATE 2020. Model results are evaluated against in situ and remote sensing measurements from two aircraft as well as ground-based and satellite observations. The improved understanding of the aerosol life cycle, composition, transport pathways, and distribution has important implications for characterizing aerosol-cloud-meteorology interactions over the WNAO.
Cassidy Soloff, Taiwo Ajayi, Yonghoon Choi, Ewan C. Crosbie, Joshua P. DiGangi, Glenn S. Diskin, Marta A. Fenn, Richard A. Ferrare, Francesca Gallo, Johnathan W. Hair, Miguel Ricardo A. Hilario, Simon Kirschler, Richard H. Moore, Taylor J. Shingler, Michael A. Shook, Kenneth L. Thornhill, Christiane Voigt, Edward L. Winstead, Luke D. Ziemba, and Armin Sorooshian
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-926, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-926, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Using aircraft measurements over the northwest Atlantic between the U.S. East Coast and Bermuda and trajectory modeling of continental outflow, we identify trace gas and particle properties that exhibit gradients with offshore distance and quantify these changes with high resolution measurements of concentrations as well as particle chemistry, size, and scattering properties. This work furthers our understanding of the complex interactions between continental and marine environments.
Eva-Lou Edwards, Yonghoon Choi, Ewan C. Crosbie, Joshua P. DiGangi, Glenn S. Diskin, Claire E. Robinson, Michael A. Shook, Edward L. Winstead, Luke D. Ziemba, and Armin Sorooshian
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 3349–3378, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-3349-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-3349-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We investigate Cl− depletion in sea salt particles over the northwest Atlantic from December 2021 to June 2022 using an airborne dataset. Losses of Cl− are greatest in May and least in December–February and March. Inorganic acidic species can account for all depletion observed for December–February, March, and June near Bermuda but none in May. Quantifying Cl− depletion as a percentage captures seasonal trends in depletion but fails to convey the effects it may have on atmospheric oxidation.
Kira Zeider, Grace Betito, Anthony Bucholtz, Peng Xian, Annette Walker, and Armin Sorooshian
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-392, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-392, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The predominant wind direction along the California coast (northerly) reverses several times during the summer (to southerly). The effects of these wind reversals on aerosol and cloud characteristics are not well understood. Using data from multiple datasets we found that southerly flow periods had enhanced signatures of anthropogenic emissions due to shipping/continental sources, and clouds had more but smaller droplets.
Miguel Ricardo A. Hilario, Avelino F. Arellano, Ali Behrangi, Ewan C. Crosbie, Joshua P. DiGangi, Glenn S. Diskin, Michael A. Shook, Luke D. Ziemba, and Armin Sorooshian
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 17, 37–55, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-37-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-37-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Wet scavenging strongly influences aerosol lifetime and interactions but is a large uncertainty in global models. We present a method to identify meteorological variables relevant for estimating wet scavenging. During long-range transport over the tropical western Pacific, relative humidity and the frequency of humid conditions are better predictors of scavenging than precipitation. This method can be applied to other regions, and our findings can inform scavenging parameterizations in models.
Shuaiqi Tang, Hailong Wang, Xiang-Yu Li, Jingyi Chen, Armin Sorooshian, Xubin Zeng, Ewan Crosbie, Kenneth L. Thornhill, Luke D. Ziemba, and Christiane Voigt
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-3149, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-3149, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We examined marine boundary-layer clouds and their interactions with aerosols in the E3SM single-column model (SCM) for a case study. The SCM shows good agreement in simulating the clouds with high-resolution models. It reproduces the relationship between cloud droplet and aerosol particle number concentrations as produced in global models. However, the relationship between cloud liquid water and droplet number concentration are different, which warrants further investigation.
Simon Kirschler, Christiane Voigt, Bruce E. Anderson, Gao Chen, Ewan C. Crosbie, Richard A. Ferrare, Valerian Hahn, Johnathan W. Hair, Stefan Kaufmann, Richard H. Moore, David Painemal, Claire E. Robinson, Kevin J. Sanchez, Amy J. Scarino, Taylor J. Shingler, Michael A. Shook, Kenneth L. Thornhill, Edward L. Winstead, Luke D. Ziemba, and Armin Sorooshian
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 10731–10750, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-10731-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-10731-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
In this study we present an overview of liquid and mixed-phase clouds and precipitation in the marine boundary layer over the western North Atlantic Ocean. We compare microphysical properties of pure liquid clouds to mixed-phase clouds and show that the initiation of the ice phase in mixed-phase clouds promotes precipitation. The observational data presented in this study are well suited for investigating the processes that give rise to liquid and mixed-phase clouds, ice, and precipitation.
Genevieve Rose Lorenzo, Avelino F. Arellano, Maria Obiminda Cambaliza, Christopher Castro, Melliza Templonuevo Cruz, Larry Di Girolamo, Glenn Franco Gacal, Miguel Ricardo A. Hilario, Nofel Lagrosas, Hans Jarett Ong, James Bernard Simpas, Sherdon Niño Uy, and Armin Sorooshian
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 10579–10608, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-10579-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-10579-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Aerosol and weather interactions in Southeast Asia are complex and understudied. An emerging aerosol climatology was established in Metro Manila, the Philippines, from aerosol particle physicochemical properties and meteorology, revealing five sources. Even with local traffic, transported smoke from biomass burning, aged dust, and cloud processing, background marine particles dominate and correspond to lower aerosol optical depth in Metro Manila compared to other Southeast Asian megacities.
Qian Xiao, Jiaoshi Zhang, Yang Wang, Luke D. Ziemba, Ewan Crosbie, Edward L. Winstead, Claire E. Robinson, Joshua P. DiGangi, Glenn S. Diskin, Jeffrey S. Reid, K. Sebastian Schmidt, Armin Sorooshian, Miguel Ricardo A. Hilario, Sarah Woods, Paul Lawson, Snorre A. Stamnes, and Jian Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 9853–9871, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-9853-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-9853-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Using recent airborne measurements, we show that the influences of anthropogenic emissions, transport, convective clouds, and meteorology lead to new particle formation (NPF) under a variety of conditions and at different altitudes in tropical marine environments. NPF is enhanced by fresh urban emissions in convective outflow but is suppressed in air masses influenced by aged urban emissions where reactive precursors are mostly consumed while particle surface area remains relatively high.
Armin Sorooshian, Mikhail D. Alexandrov, Adam D. Bell, Ryan Bennett, Grace Betito, Sharon P. Burton, Megan E. Buzanowicz, Brian Cairns, Eduard V. Chemyakin, Gao Chen, Yonghoon Choi, Brian L. Collister, Anthony L. Cook, Andrea F. Corral, Ewan C. Crosbie, Bastiaan van Diedenhoven, Joshua P. DiGangi, Glenn S. Diskin, Sanja Dmitrovic, Eva-Lou Edwards, Marta A. Fenn, Richard A. Ferrare, David van Gilst, Johnathan W. Hair, David B. Harper, Miguel Ricardo A. Hilario, Chris A. Hostetler, Nathan Jester, Michael Jones, Simon Kirschler, Mary M. Kleb, John M. Kusterer, Sean Leavor, Joseph W. Lee, Hongyu Liu, Kayla McCauley, Richard H. Moore, Joseph Nied, Anthony Notari, John B. Nowak, David Painemal, Kasey E. Phillips, Claire E. Robinson, Amy Jo Scarino, Joseph S. Schlosser, Shane T. Seaman, Chellappan Seethala, Taylor J. Shingler, Michael A. Shook, Kenneth A. Sinclair, William L. Smith Jr., Douglas A. Spangenberg, Snorre A. Stamnes, Kenneth L. Thornhill, Christiane Voigt, Holger Vömel, Andrzej P. Wasilewski, Hailong Wang, Edward L. Winstead, Kira Zeider, Xubin Zeng, Bo Zhang, Luke D. Ziemba, and Paquita Zuidema
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 3419–3472, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-3419-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-3419-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The NASA Aerosol Cloud meTeorology Interactions oVer the western ATlantic Experiment (ACTIVATE) produced a unique dataset for research into aerosol–cloud–meteorology interactions. HU-25 Falcon and King Air aircraft conducted systematic and spatially coordinated flights over the northwest Atlantic Ocean. This paper describes the ACTIVATE flight strategy, instrument and complementary dataset products, data access and usage details, and data application notes.
Edward Gryspeerdt, Adam C. Povey, Roy G. Grainger, Otto Hasekamp, N. Christina Hsu, Jane P. Mulcahy, Andrew M. Sayer, and Armin Sorooshian
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 4115–4122, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-4115-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-4115-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The impact of aerosols on clouds is one of the largest uncertainties in the human forcing of the climate. Aerosol can increase the concentrations of droplets in clouds, but observational and model studies produce widely varying estimates of this effect. We show that these estimates can be reconciled if only polluted clouds are studied, but this is insufficient to constrain the climate impact of aerosol. The uncertainty in aerosol impact on clouds is currently driven by cases with little aerosol.
Hossein Dadashazar, Andrea F. Corral, Ewan Crosbie, Sanja Dmitrovic, Simon Kirschler, Kayla McCauley, Richard Moore, Claire Robinson, Joseph S. Schlosser, Michael Shook, K. Lee Thornhill, Christiane Voigt, Edward Winstead, Luke Ziemba, and Armin Sorooshian
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 13897–13913, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-13897-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-13897-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Multi-season airborne data over the northwestern Atlantic show that organic mass fraction and the relative amount of oxygenated organics within that fraction are enhanced in droplet residual particles as compared to particles below and above cloud. In-cloud aqueous processing is shown to be a potential driver of this compositional shift in cloud. This implies that aerosol–cloud interactions in the region reduce aerosol hygroscopicity due to the jump in the organic : sulfate ratio in cloud.
Ewan Crosbie, Luke D. Ziemba, Michael A. Shook, Claire E. Robinson, Edward L. Winstead, K. Lee Thornhill, Rachel A. Braun, Alexander B. MacDonald, Connor Stahl, Armin Sorooshian, Susan C. van den Heever, Joshua P. DiGangi, Glenn S. Diskin, Sarah Woods, Paola Bañaga, Matthew D. Brown, Francesca Gallo, Miguel Ricardo A. Hilario, Carolyn E. Jordan, Gabrielle R. Leung, Richard H. Moore, Kevin J. Sanchez, Taylor J. Shingler, and Elizabeth B. Wiggins
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 13269–13302, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-13269-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-13269-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The linkage between cloud droplet and aerosol particle chemical composition was analyzed using samples collected in a polluted tropical marine environment. Variations in the droplet composition were related to physical and dynamical processes in clouds to assess their relative significance across three cases that spanned a range of rainfall amounts. In spite of the pollution, sea salt still remained a major contributor to the droplet composition and was preferentially enhanced in rainwater.
Eva-Lou Edwards, Jeffrey S. Reid, Peng Xian, Sharon P. Burton, Anthony L. Cook, Ewan C. Crosbie, Marta A. Fenn, Richard A. Ferrare, Sean W. Freeman, John W. Hair, David B. Harper, Chris A. Hostetler, Claire E. Robinson, Amy Jo Scarino, Michael A. Shook, G. Alexander Sokolowsky, Susan C. van den Heever, Edward L. Winstead, Sarah Woods, Luke D. Ziemba, and Armin Sorooshian
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 12961–12983, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-12961-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-12961-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This study compares NAAPS-RA model simulations of aerosol optical thickness (AOT) and extinction to those retrieved with a high spectral resolution lidar near the Philippines. Agreement for AOT was good, and extinction agreement was strongest below 1500 m. Substituting dropsonde relative humidities into NAAPS-RA did not drastically improve agreement, and we discuss potential reasons why. Accurately modeling future conditions in this region is crucial due to its susceptibility to climate change.
Edward Gryspeerdt, Daniel T. McCoy, Ewan Crosbie, Richard H. Moore, Graeme J. Nott, David Painemal, Jennifer Small-Griswold, Armin Sorooshian, and Luke Ziemba
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 15, 3875–3892, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-3875-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-3875-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Droplet number concentration is a key property of clouds, influencing a variety of cloud processes. It is also used for estimating the cloud response to aerosols. The satellite retrieval depends on a number of assumptions – different sampling strategies are used to select cases where these assumptions are most likely to hold. Here we investigate the impact of these strategies on the agreement with in situ data, the droplet number climatology and estimates of the indirect radiative forcing.
Simon Kirschler, Christiane Voigt, Bruce Anderson, Ramon Campos Braga, Gao Chen, Andrea F. Corral, Ewan Crosbie, Hossein Dadashazar, Richard A. Ferrare, Valerian Hahn, Johannes Hendricks, Stefan Kaufmann, Richard Moore, Mira L. Pöhlker, Claire Robinson, Amy J. Scarino, Dominik Schollmayer, Michael A. Shook, K. Lee Thornhill, Edward Winstead, Luke D. Ziemba, and Armin Sorooshian
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 8299–8319, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-8299-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-8299-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
In this study we show that the vertical velocity dominantly impacts the cloud droplet number concentration (NC) of low-level clouds over the western North Atlantic in the winter and summer season, while the cloud condensation nuclei concentration, aerosol size distribution and chemical composition impact NC within a season. The observational data presented in this study can evaluate and improve the representation of aerosol–cloud interactions for a wide range of conditions.
Joseph S. Schlosser, Connor Stahl, Armin Sorooshian, Yen Thi-Hoang Le, Ki-Joon Jeon, Peng Xian, Carolyn E. Jordan, Katherine R. Travis, James H. Crawford, Sung Yong Gong, Hye-Jung Shin, In-Ho Song, and Jong-sang Youn
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 7505–7522, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-7505-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-7505-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
During a major haze pollution episode in March 2019, anthropogenic emissions were dominant in the boundary layer over Incheon and Seoul, South Korea. Using supermicrometer and submicrometer size- and chemistry-resolved aerosol particle measurements taken during this haze pollution period, this work shows that local emissions and a shallow boundary layer, enhanced humidity, and low temperature promoted local heterogeneous formation of secondary inorganic and organic aerosol species.
Meloë S. F. Kacenelenbogen, Qian Tan, Sharon P. Burton, Otto P. Hasekamp, Karl D. Froyd, Yohei Shinozuka, Andreas J. Beyersdorf, Luke Ziemba, Kenneth L. Thornhill, Jack E. Dibb, Taylor Shingler, Armin Sorooshian, Reed W. Espinosa, Vanderlei Martins, Jose L. Jimenez, Pedro Campuzano-Jost, Joshua P. Schwarz, Matthew S. Johnson, Jens Redemann, and Gregory L. Schuster
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 3713–3742, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-3713-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-3713-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The impact of aerosols on Earth's radiation budget and human health is important and strongly depends on their composition. One desire of our scientific community is to derive the composition of the aerosol from satellite sensors. However, satellites observe aerosol optical properties (and not aerosol composition) based on remote sensing instrumentation. This study assesses how much aerosol optical properties can tell us about aerosol composition.
Matthew W. Christensen, Andrew Gettelman, Jan Cermak, Guy Dagan, Michael Diamond, Alyson Douglas, Graham Feingold, Franziska Glassmeier, Tom Goren, Daniel P. Grosvenor, Edward Gryspeerdt, Ralph Kahn, Zhanqing Li, Po-Lun Ma, Florent Malavelle, Isabel L. McCoy, Daniel T. McCoy, Greg McFarquhar, Johannes Mülmenstädt, Sandip Pal, Anna Possner, Adam Povey, Johannes Quaas, Daniel Rosenfeld, Anja Schmidt, Roland Schrödner, Armin Sorooshian, Philip Stier, Velle Toll, Duncan Watson-Parris, Robert Wood, Mingxi Yang, and Tianle Yuan
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 641–674, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-641-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-641-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Trace gases and aerosols (tiny airborne particles) are released from a variety of point sources around the globe. Examples include volcanoes, industrial chimneys, forest fires, and ship stacks. These sources provide opportunistic experiments with which to quantify the role of aerosols in modifying cloud properties. We review the current state of understanding on the influence of aerosol on climate built from the wide range of natural and anthropogenic laboratories investigated in recent decades.
Hossein Dadashazar, Majid Alipanah, Miguel Ricardo A. Hilario, Ewan Crosbie, Simon Kirschler, Hongyu Liu, Richard H. Moore, Andrew J. Peters, Amy Jo Scarino, Michael Shook, K. Lee Thornhill, Christiane Voigt, Hailong Wang, Edward Winstead, Bo Zhang, Luke Ziemba, and Armin Sorooshian
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 16121–16141, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-16121-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-16121-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
This study investigates precipitation impacts on long-range transport of North American outflow over the western North Atlantic Ocean (WNAO). Results demonstrate that precipitation scavenging plays a significant role in modifying surface aerosol concentrations over the WNAO, especially in winter and spring due to large-scale scavenging processes. This study highlights how precipitation impacts surface aerosol properties with relevance for other marine regions vulnerable to continental outflow.
Connor Stahl, Ewan Crosbie, Paola Angela Bañaga, Grace Betito, Rachel A. Braun, Zenn Marie Cainglet, Maria Obiminda Cambaliza, Melliza Templonuevo Cruz, Julie Mae Dado, Miguel Ricardo A. Hilario, Gabrielle Frances Leung, Alexander B. MacDonald, Angela Monina Magnaye, Jeffrey Reid, Claire Robinson, Michael A. Shook, James Bernard Simpas, Shane Marie Visaga, Edward Winstead, Luke Ziemba, and Armin Sorooshian
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 14109–14129, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-14109-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-14109-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
A total of 159 cloud water samples were collected and measured for total organic carbon (TOC) during CAMP2Ex. On average, 30 % of TOC was speciated based on carboxylic/sulfonic acids and dimethylamine. Results provide a critical constraint on cloud composition and vertical profiles of TOC and organic species ranging from ~250 m to ~ 7 km and representing a variety of cloud types and air mass source influences such as biomass burning, marine emissions, anthropogenic activity, and dust.
Hossein Dadashazar, David Painemal, Majid Alipanah, Michael Brunke, Seethala Chellappan, Andrea F. Corral, Ewan Crosbie, Simon Kirschler, Hongyu Liu, Richard H. Moore, Claire Robinson, Amy Jo Scarino, Michael Shook, Kenneth Sinclair, K. Lee Thornhill, Christiane Voigt, Hailong Wang, Edward Winstead, Xubin Zeng, Luke Ziemba, Paquita Zuidema, and Armin Sorooshian
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 10499–10526, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-10499-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-10499-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
This study investigates the seasonal cycle of cloud drop number concentration (Nd) over the western North Atlantic Ocean (WNAO) using multiple datasets. Reasons for the puzzling discrepancy between the seasonal cycles of Nd and aerosol concentration were identified. Results indicate that Nd is highest in winter (when aerosol proxy values are often lowest) due to conditions both linked to cold-air outbreaks and that promote greater droplet activation.
Genevieve Rose Lorenzo, Paola Angela Bañaga, Maria Obiminda Cambaliza, Melliza Templonuevo Cruz, Mojtaba AzadiAghdam, Avelino Arellano, Grace Betito, Rachel Braun, Andrea F. Corral, Hossein Dadashazar, Eva-Lou Edwards, Edwin Eloranta, Robert Holz, Gabrielle Leung, Lin Ma, Alexander B. MacDonald, Jeffrey S. Reid, James Bernard Simpas, Connor Stahl, Shane Marie Visaga, and Armin Sorooshian
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 6155–6173, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-6155-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-6155-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Firework emissions change the physicochemical and optical properties of water-soluble particles, which subsequently alters the background aerosol’s respirability, influence on surroundings, ability to uptake gases, and viability as cloud condensation nuclei (CCN). There was heavy aerosol loading due to fireworks in the boundary layer. The aerosol constituents were largely water-soluble and submicrometer in size due to both inorganic salts in firework materials and gas-to-particle conversion.
Miguel Ricardo A. Hilario, Ewan Crosbie, Michael Shook, Jeffrey S. Reid, Maria Obiminda L. Cambaliza, James Bernard B. Simpas, Luke Ziemba, Joshua P. DiGangi, Glenn S. Diskin, Phu Nguyen, F. Joseph Turk, Edward Winstead, Claire E. Robinson, Jian Wang, Jiaoshi Zhang, Yang Wang, Subin Yoon, James Flynn, Sergio L. Alvarez, Ali Behrangi, and Armin Sorooshian
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 3777–3802, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-3777-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-3777-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
This study characterizes long-range transport from major Asian pollution sources into the tropical northwest Pacific and the impact of scavenging on these air masses. We combined aircraft observations, HYSPLIT trajectories, reanalysis, and satellite retrievals to reveal distinct composition and size distribution profiles associated with specific emission sources and wet scavenging. The results of this work have implications for international policymaking related to climate and health.
Connor Stahl, Melliza Templonuevo Cruz, Paola Angela Bañaga, Grace Betito, Rachel A. Braun, Mojtaba Azadi Aghdam, Maria Obiminda Cambaliza, Genevieve Rose Lorenzo, Alexander B. MacDonald, Miguel Ricardo A. Hilario, Preciosa Corazon Pabroa, John Robin Yee, James Bernard Simpas, and Armin Sorooshian
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 15907–15935, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-15907-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-15907-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Long-term (16-month) high-frequency (weekly) measurements of size-resolved aerosol composition are reported. Important insights are discussed about factors (e.g., transport, fires, precipitation, photo-oxidation) impacting the mass size distributions of organic and sulfonic acids at a coastal megacity with diverse meteorology. The size-resolved nature of the data yielded one such finding that organic acids preferentially adsorb to dust rather than sea salt particles.
Alexander B. MacDonald, Ali Hossein Mardi, Hossein Dadashazar, Mojtaba Azadi Aghdam, Ewan Crosbie, Haflidi H. Jonsson, Richard C. Flagan, John H. Seinfeld, and Armin Sorooshian
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 7645–7665, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-7645-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-7645-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Understanding how humans affect Earth's climate requires understanding of how particles in the air affect the number concentration of droplets in a cloud (Nd). We use the air-equivalent mass concentration of different chemical species contained in cloud water to predict Nd. In this study we found that the prediction of Nd is (1) best described by total sulfate; (2) improved when considering up to five species; and (3) dependent on factors like turbulence, smoke presence, and in-cloud height.
Hossein Dadashazar, Ewan Crosbie, Mohammad S. Majdi, Milad Panahi, Mohammad A. Moghaddam, Ali Behrangi, Michael Brunke, Xubin Zeng, Haflidi H. Jonsson, and Armin Sorooshian
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 4637–4665, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-4637-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-4637-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Clearings in the marine-boundary-layer (MBL) cloud deck of the Pacific Ocean were studied. Remote sensing, reanalysis, and airborne data were used along with machine-learning modeling to characterize the spatiotemporal nature of clearings and factors governing their growth. The most significant implications of our results are linked to modeling of fog and MBL clouds, with implications for societal and environmental issues like climate, military operations, transportation, and coastal ecology.
Rachel A. Braun, Mojtaba Azadi Aghdam, Paola Angela Bañaga, Grace Betito, Maria Obiminda Cambaliza, Melliza Templonuevo Cruz, Genevieve Rose Lorenzo, Alexander B. MacDonald, James Bernard Simpas, Connor Stahl, and Armin Sorooshian
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 2387–2405, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-2387-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-2387-2020, 2020
Miguel Ricardo A. Hilario, Melliza T. Cruz, Maria Obiminda L. Cambaliza, Jeffrey S. Reid, Peng Xian, James B. Simpas, Nofel D. Lagrosas, Sherdon Niño Y. Uy, Steve Cliff, and Yongjing Zhao
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 1255–1276, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-1255-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-1255-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
The research apportions size-resolved aerosol contributions from the South China Sea during the Vasco research cruise in September 2011. As aerosols can affect precipitation rates and cloud formation, identifying sources is key to characterizing the region and developing our understanding of aerosol–cloud behavior. A strong biomass burning signal was identified using elemental particulate matter in the fine and ultrafine size ranges. Oil combustion, soil dust, and sea spray were also identified.
Barbara Ervens, Armin Sorooshian, Abdulmonam M. Aldhaif, Taylor Shingler, Ewan Crosbie, Luke Ziemba, Pedro Campuzano-Jost, Jose L. Jimenez, and Armin Wisthaler
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 16099–16119, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-16099-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-16099-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
The paper presents a new framework that can be used to identify emission scenarios in which aerosol populations are most likely modified by chemical processes in clouds. We show that in neither very polluted nor in very clean air masses is this the case. Only if the ratio of possible aerosol mass precursors (sulfur dioxide, some organics) and preexisting aerosol mass is sufficiently high will aerosol particles show substantially modified physicochemical properties upon cloud processing.
William H. Brune, Xinrong Ren, Li Zhang, Jingqiu Mao, David O. Miller, Bruce E. Anderson, Donald R. Blake, Ronald C. Cohen, Glenn S. Diskin, Samuel R. Hall, Thomas F. Hanisco, L. Gregory Huey, Benjamin A. Nault, Jeff Peischl, Ilana Pollack, Thomas B. Ryerson, Taylor Shingler, Armin Sorooshian, Kirk Ullmann, Armin Wisthaler, and Paul J. Wooldridge
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 14493–14510, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-14493-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-14493-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Thunderstorms pull in polluted air from near the ground, transport it up through clouds containing lightning, and deposit it at altitudes where airplanes fly. The resulting chemical mixture in this air reacts to form ozone and particles, which affect climate. In this study, aircraft observations of the reactive gases responsible for this chemistry generally agree with modeled values, even in ice clouds. Thus, atmospheric oxidation chemistry appears to be mostly understood for this environment.
Ewan Crosbie, Matthew D. Brown, Michael Shook, Luke Ziemba, Richard H. Moore, Taylor Shingler, Edward Winstead, K. Lee Thornhill, Claire Robinson, Alexander B. MacDonald, Hossein Dadashazar, Armin Sorooshian, Andreas Beyersdorf, Alexis Eugene, Jeffrey Collett Jr., Derek Straub, and Bruce Anderson
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 11, 5025–5048, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-11-5025-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-11-5025-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
A new aircraft-mounted probe for collecting samples of cloud water has been designed, fabricated, and extensively tested. Cloud drop composition provides valuable insight into atmospheric processes, but separating liquid samples from the airstream in a controlled way at flight speeds has proven difficult. The features of the design have been analysed with detailed numerical flow simulations and the new probe has demonstrated improved efficiency and performance through extensive flight testing.
Hossein Dadashazar, Rachel A. Braun, Ewan Crosbie, Patrick Y. Chuang, Roy K. Woods, Haflidi H. Jonsson, and Armin Sorooshian
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 1495–1506, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-1495-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-1495-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
This study shows with airborne data that in the thin layer above stratocumulus clouds, the entrainment interface layer (EIL), aerosol size distributions are influenced both by new particle formation and by pollutants above and below the EIL. These results are important with regard to understanding aerosol–cloud–climate interactions as the aerosol in this layer can influence the characteristics of stratocumulus clouds, which are the dominant cloud type by global area.
Samuel A. Atwood, Jeffrey S. Reid, Sonia M. Kreidenweis, Donald R. Blake, Haflidi H. Jonsson, Nofel D. Lagrosas, Peng Xian, Elizabeth A. Reid, Walter R. Sessions, and James B. Simpas
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 1105–1123, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-1105-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-1105-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
Aerosol particles were measured by ship in remote marine regions of the South China Sea as part of the 2012 7 Southeast Asian Studies (7SEAS) experiments. As the particle populations changed throughout the experiment, the distribution of particle sizes and the amount of water that collected on them changed as well. These changes were associated with various impacts from smoke, sea salt, and pollution sources, and impact how clouds form and precipitation occurs in the region.
Eunsil Jung, Bruce A. Albrecht, Armin Sorooshian, Paquita Zuidema, and Haflidi H. Jonsson
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 11395–11413, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-11395-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-11395-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
We calculate the qualitative behavior of precipitation response to aerosol loadings with cloud depths for warm boundary layer clouds (stratocumulus and shallow marine cumulus), using aircraft measurements across four field campaigns. The finding shows that precipitation responds similarly to aerosol loadings for both stratocumulus and cumulus clouds, regardless of cloud type. Precipitation is most susceptible to aerosol perturbations in the medium–deep depth of clouds.
E. Crosbie, J.-S. Youn, B. Balch, A. Wonaschütz, T. Shingler, Z. Wang, W. C. Conant, E. A. Betterton, and A. Sorooshian
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 6943–6958, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-6943-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-6943-2015, 2015
E. Jung, B. A. Albrecht, H. H. Jonsson, Y.-C. Chen, J. H. Seinfeld, A. Sorooshian, A. R. Metcalf, S. Song, M. Fang, and L. M. Russell
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 5645–5658, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-5645-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-5645-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
To study the effect of giant cloud condensation nuclei (GCCN) on precipitation processes in stratocumulus clouds, 1-10 µm diameter salt particles were released from an aircraft while flying near the cloud top off the central coast of California. The analyses suggest that GCCN result in a four-fold increase in the cloud base rainfall rate and depletion of the cloud water due to rainout.
S. P. Hersey, R. M. Garland, E. Crosbie, T. Shingler, A. Sorooshian, S. Piketh, and R. Burger
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 4259–4278, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-4259-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-4259-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
A decadal aerosol climatology of South Africa's major metropolitan areas is presented, utilizing data from multiple satellite platforms and 19 ground-monitoring sites. Remotely sensed data are dominated by a seasonal signal corresponding to transported biomass burning during austral spring, while ground data are dominated by domestic burning in low-income areas during austral winter. We report poor agreement between satellite- and ground-based aerosol measurements.
A. Wonaschütz, M. Coggon, A. Sorooshian, R. Modini, A. A. Frossard, L. Ahlm, J. Mülmenstädt, G. C. Roberts, L. M. Russell, S. Dey, F. J. Brechtel, and J. H. Seinfeld
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 9819–9835, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-9819-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-9819-2013, 2013
A. Sorooshian, T. Shingler, A. Harpold, C. W. Feagles, T. Meixner, and P. D. Brooks
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 7361–7379, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-7361-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-7361-2013, 2013
Related subject area
Subject: Aerosols | Research Activity: Field Measurements | Altitude Range: Troposphere | Science Focus: Chemistry (chemical composition and reactions)
In situ measurement of organic aerosol molecular markers in urban Hong Kong during a summer period: temporal variations and source apportionment
Technical note: Determining chemical composition of atmospheric single particles by a standard-free mass calibration algorithm
Different formation pathways of nitrogen-containing organic compounds in aerosols and fog water in northern China
Impact of weather patterns and meteorological factors on PM2.5 and O3 responses to the COVID-19 lockdown in China
Daytime and nighttime aerosol soluble iron formation in clean and slightly polluted moist air in a coastal city in eastern China
Non-negligible secondary contribution to brown carbon in autumn and winter: inspiration from particulate nitrated and oxygenated aromatic compounds in urban Beijing
Simultaneous organic aerosol source apportionment at two Antarctic sites reveals large-scale and ecoregion-specific components
Measurement report: Optical characterization, seasonality, and sources of brown carbon in fine aerosols from Tianjin, North China: year-round observations
Bayesian inference-based estimation of hourly primary and secondary organic carbon in suburban Hong Kong: multi-temporal-scale variations and evolution characteristics during PM2.5 episodes
Measurement report: Characteristics of nitrogen-containing organics in PM2.5 in Ürümqi, northwestern China – differential impacts of combustion of fresh and aged biomass materials
Measurement report: Bio-physicochemistry of tropical clouds at Maïdo (Réunion, Indian Ocean): overview of results from the BIO-MAÏDO campaign
Chemical properties and single-particle mixing state of soot aerosol in Houston during the TRACER campaign
Characterizing water solubility of fresh and aged secondary organic aerosol in PM2.5 with the stable carbon isotope technique
Measurement report: Evaluation of the TOF-ACSM-CV for PM1.0 and PM2.5 measurements during the RITA-2021 field campaign
Sea salt reactivity over the northwest Atlantic: an in-depth look using the airborne ACTIVATE dataset
Measurement report: Atmospheric ice nuclei in the Changbai Mountains (2623 m a.s.l.) in northeastern Asia
Morphological and optical properties of carbonaceous aerosol particles from ship emissions and biomass burning during a summer cruise measurement in the South China Sea
Critical contribution of chemically diverse carbonyl molecules to the oxidative potential of atmospheric aerosols
Tropical tropospheric aerosol sources and chemical composition observed at high altitude in the Bolivian Andes
Chemical composition, sources and formation mechanism of urban PM2.5 in Southwest China: a case study at the beginning of 2023
Chemical characterization of atmospheric aerosols at a high-altitude mountain site: a study of source apportionment
Composition and sources of carbonaceous aerosol in the European Arctic at Zeppelin Observatory, Svalbard (2017 to 2020)
Measurement Report: Size-resolved secondary organic aerosol formation modulated by aerosol water uptake in wintertime haze
Variation in chemical composition and volatility of oxygenated organic aerosol in different rural, urban, and mountain environments
Elucidating the mechanisms of atmospheric new particle formation in the highly polluted Po Valley, Italy
Water-insoluble organic carbon in PM2.5 over China: light-absorbing properties, potential sources, radiative forcing effects and possible light-absorbing continuum
Diverging trends in aerosol sulfate and nitrate measured in the remote North Atlantic on Barbados are attributed to clean air policies, African smoke, and anthropogenic emissions
Local ship speed reduction effect on black carbon emissions measured at remote marine station
Roles of marine biota in the formation of atmospheric bioaerosols, cloud condensation nuclei, and ice-nucleating particles over the North Pacific Ocean, Bering Sea, and Arctic Ocean
Evolution of nucleophilic high molecular-weight organic compounds in ambient aerosols: a case study
Fractional solubility of iron in mineral dust aerosols over coastal Namibia: a link to marine biogenic emissions?
Real-world observations of reduced nitrogen and ultrafine particles in commercial cooking organic aerosol emissions
Source apportionment of PM2.5 in Montréal, Canada, and health risk assessment for potentially toxic elements
Physicochemical and temporal characteristics of individual atmospheric aerosol particles in urban Seoul during KORUS-AQ campaign: insights from single-particle analysis
Mass spectrometric analysis of unprecedented high levels of carbonaceous aerosol particles long-range transported from wildfires in the Siberian Arctic
Short-term source apportionment of fine particulate matter with time-dependent profiles using SoFi Pro: exploring the reliability of rolling positive matrix factorization (PMF) applied to bihourly molecular and elemental tracer data
Particulate-bound alkyl nitrate pollution and formation mechanisms in Beijing, China
Measurement report: Impact of emission control measures on environmental persistent free radicals and reactive oxygen species – A short-term case study in Beijing
Characterization of water-soluble brown carbon chromophores from wildfire plumes in the western USA using size-exclusion chromatography
Marine carbohydrates in Arctic aerosol particles and fog – diversity of oceanic sources and atmospheric transformations
Investigating the contribution of grown new particles to cloud condensation nuclei with largely varying preexisting particles – Part 1: Observational data analysis
Measurement report: Brown carbon aerosol in polluted urban air of the North China Plain – day–night differences in the chromophores and optical properties
Measurement report: Secondary organic aerosols at a forested mountain site in southeastern China
Source apportionment of soot particles and aqueous-phase processing of black carbon coatings in an urban environment
Seasonal variations in composition and sources of atmospheric ultrafine particles in urban Beijing based on near-continuous measurements
Summertime response of ozone and fine particulate matter to mixing layer meteorology over the North China Plain
Trace elements in PM2.5 aerosols in East Asian outflow in the spring of 2018: emission, transport, and source apportionment
Measurement Report: Investigation on the sources and formation processes of dicarboxylic acids and related species in urban aerosols before and during the COVID-19 lockdown in Jinan, East China
pH dependence of brown-carbon optical properties in cloud water
Oxidative potential in rural, suburban and city centre atmospheric environments in central Europe
Hongyong Li, Xiaopu Lyu, Likun Xue, Yunxi Huo, Dawen Yao, Haoxian Lu, and Hai Guo
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 7085–7100, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-7085-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-7085-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Organic aerosol is ubiquitous in the atmosphere and largely explains the gap between current levels of fine particulate matter in many cities and the World Health Organization guideline values. This study highlights the dominant contributions of cooking emissions to organic aerosol when marine air prevailed in Hong Kong, which were occasionally overwhelmed by aromatics-derived secondary organic aerosol in continental ouflows.
Shao Shi, Jinghao Zhai, Xin Yang, Yechun Ruan, Yuanlong Huang, Xujian Chen, Antai Zhang, Jianhuai Ye, Guomao Zheng, Baohua Cai, Yaling Zeng, Yixiang Wang, Chunbo Xing, Yujie Zhang, Tzung-May Fu, Lei Zhu, Huizhong Shen, and Chen Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 7001–7012, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-7001-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-7001-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The determination of ions in the mass spectra of individual particles remains uncertain. We have developed a standard-free mass calibration algorithm applicable to more than 98 % of ambient particles. With our algorithm, ions with ~ 0.05 Th mass difference could be determined. Therefore, many more atmospheric species could be determined and involved in the source apportionment of aerosols, the study of chemical reaction mechanisms, and the analysis of single-particle mixing states.
Wei Sun, Xiaodong Hu, Yuzhen Fu, Guohua Zhang, Yujiao Zhu, Xinfeng Wang, Caiqing Yan, Likun Xue, He Meng, Bin Jiang, Yuhong Liao, Xinming Wang, Ping'an Peng, and Xinhui Bi
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 6987–6999, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-6987-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-6987-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The formation pathways of nitrogen-containing compounds (NOCs) in the atmosphere remain unclear. We investigated the composition of aerosols and fog water by state-of-the-art mass spectrometry and compared the formation pathways of NOCs. We found that NOCs in aerosols were mainly formed through nitration reaction, while ammonia addition played a more important role in fog water. The results deepen our understanding of the processes of organic particulate pollution.
Fuzhen Shen, Michaela I. Hegglin, and Yue Yuan
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 6539–6553, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-6539-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-6539-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We attempt to use a novel structural self-organising map and machine learning models to identify a weather system and quantify the importance of each meteorological factor in driving the unexpected PM2.5 and O3 changes under the specific weather system during the COVID-19 lockdown in China. The result highlights that temperature under the double-centre high-pressure system plays the most crucial role in abnormal events.
Wenshuai Li, Yuxuan Qi, Yingchen Liu, Guanru Wu, Yanjing Zhang, Jinhui Shi, Wenjun Qu, Lifang Sheng, Wencai Wang, Daizhou Zhang, and Yang Zhou
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 6495–6508, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-6495-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-6495-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Aerosol particles from mainland can transport to oceans and deposit, providing soluble Fe and affecting phytoplankton growth. Thus, we studied the dissolution process of aerosol Fe and found that photochemistry played a key role in promoting Fe dissolution in clean conditions. RH-dependent reactions were more influential in slightly polluted conditions. These results highlight the distinct roles of two weather-related parameters (radiation and RH) in influencing geochemical cycles related to Fe.
Yanqin Ren, Zhenhai Wu, Yuanyuan Ji, Fang Bi, Junling Li, Haijie Zhang, Hao Zhang, Hong Li, and Gehui Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 6525–6538, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-6525-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-6525-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Nitrated aromatic compounds (NACs) and oxygenated derivatives of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (OPAHs) in PM2.5 were examined from an urban area in Beijing during the autumn and winter. The OPAH and NAC concentrations were much higher during heating than before heating. They majorly originated from the combustion of biomass and automobile emissions, and the secondary generation was the major contributor throughout the whole sampling period.
Marco Paglione, David C. S. Beddows, Anna Jones, Thomas Lachlan-Cope, Matteo Rinaldi, Stefano Decesari, Francesco Manarini, Mara Russo, Karam Mansour, Roy M. Harrison, Andrea Mazzanti, Emilio Tagliavini, and Manuel Dall'Osto
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 6305–6322, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-6305-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-6305-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Applying factor analysis techniques to H-NMR spectra, we present the organic aerosol (OA) source apportionment of PM1 samples collected in parallel at two Antarctic stations, namely Signy and Halley, allowing investigation of aerosol–climate interactions in an unperturbed atmosphere. Our results show remarkable differences between pelagic (open-ocean) and sympagic (sea-ice-influenced) air masses and indicate that various sources and processes are controlling Antarctic aerosols.
Zhichao Dong, Chandra Mouli Pavuluri, Peisen Li, Zhanjie Xu, Junjun Deng, Xueyan Zhao, Xiaomai Zhao, Pingqing Fu, and Cong-Qiang Liu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 5887–5905, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-5887-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-5887-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Comprehensive study of optical properties of brown carbon (BrC) in fine aerosols from Tianjin, China, implied that biological emissions are major sources of BrC in summer, whereas fossil fuel combustion and biomass burning emissions are in cold periods. The direct radiation absorption caused by BrC in short wavelengths contributed about 40 % to that caused by BrC in 300–700 nm. Water-insoluble but methanol-soluble BrC contains more protein-like chromophores (PLOM) than that of water-soluble BrC.
Shan Wang, Kezheng Liao, Zijing Zhang, Yuk Ying Cheng, Qiongqiong Wang, Hanzhe Chen, and Jian Zhen Yu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 5803–5821, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-5803-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-5803-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
In this work, hourly primary and secondary organic carbon were estimated by a novel Bayesian inference approach in suburban Hong Kong. Their multi-temporal-scale variations and evolution characteristics during PM2.5 episodes were examined. The methodology could serve as a guide for other locations with similar monitoring capabilities. The observation-based results are helpful for understanding the evolving nature of secondary organic aerosols and refining the accuracy of model simulations.
Yi-Jia Ma, Yu Xu, Ting Yang, Hong-Wei Xiao, and Hua-Yun Xiao
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 4331–4346, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-4331-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-4331-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study provides field-based evidence about the differential impacts of combustion of fresh and aged biomass materials on aerosol nitrogen-containing organic compounds (NOCs) in different seasons in Ürümqi, bridging the linkages between the observations and previous laboratory studies showing the formation mechanisms of NOCs.
Maud Leriche, Pierre Tulet, Laurent Deguillaume, Frédéric Burnet, Aurélie Colomb, Agnès Borbon, Corinne Jambert, Valentin Duflot, Stéphan Houdier, Jean-Luc Jaffrezo, Mickaël Vaïtilingom, Pamela Dominutti, Manon Rocco, Camille Mouchel-Vallon, Samira El Gdachi, Maxence Brissy, Maroua Fathalli, Nicolas Maury, Bert Verreyken, Crist Amelynck, Niels Schoon, Valérie Gros, Jean-Marc Pichon, Mickael Ribeiro, Eric Pique, Emmanuel Leclerc, Thierry Bourrianne, Axel Roy, Eric Moulin, Joël Barrie, Jean-Marc Metzger, Guillaume Péris, Christian Guadagno, Chatrapatty Bhugwant, Jean-Mathieu Tibere, Arnaud Tournigand, Evelyn Freney, Karine Sellegri, Anne-Marie Delort, Pierre Amato, Muriel Joly, Jean-Luc Baray, Pascal Renard, Angelica Bianco, Anne Réchou, and Guillaume Payen
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 4129–4155, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-4129-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-4129-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Aerosol particles in the atmosphere play a key role in climate change and air pollution. A large number of aerosol particles are formed from the oxidation of volatile organic compounds (VOCs and secondary organic aerosols – SOA). An important field campaign was organized on Réunion in March–April 2019 to understand the formation of SOA in a tropical atmosphere mostly influenced by VOCs emitted by forest and in the presence of clouds. This work synthesizes the results of this campaign.
Ryan N. Farley, James E. Lee, Laura-Hélèna Rivellini, Alex K. Y. Lee, Rachael Dal Porto, Christopher D. Cappa, Kyle Gorkowski, Abu Sayeed Md Shawon, Katherine B. Benedict, Allison C. Aiken, Manvendra K. Dubey, and Qi Zhang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 3953–3971, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-3953-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-3953-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The black carbon aerosol composition and mixing state were characterized using a soot particle aerosol mass spectrometer. Single-particle measurements revealed the major role of atmospheric processing in modulating the black carbon mixing state. A significant fraction of soot particles were internally mixed with oxidized organic aerosol and sulfate, with implications for activation as cloud nuclei.
Fenghua Wei, Xing Peng, Liming Cao, Mengxue Tang, Ning Feng, Xiaofeng Huang, and Lingyan He
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-736, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-736, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The water solubility of secondary organic aerosols (SOA) is a crucial factor in determining their hygroscopicity and climatic impact. Stable carbon isotope and mass spectrometry techniques were combined to assess the water solubility of SOA with different aging degrees in a coastal megacity in China. This work revealed a much higher water-soluble fraction of aged SOA compared to fresh SOA, indicating that the aging degree of SOA has considerable impacts on its water solubility.
Xinya Liu, Bas Henzing, Arjan Hensen, Jan Mulder, Peng Yao, Danielle van Dinther, Jerry van Bronckhorst, Rujin Huang, and Ulrike Dusek
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 3405–3420, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-3405-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-3405-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We evaluated the time-of-flight aerosol chemical speciation monitor (TOF-ACSM) following the implementation of the PM2.5 aerodynamic lens and a capture vaporizer (CV). The results showed that it significantly improved the accuracy and precision of ACSM in the field observations. The paper elucidates the measurement outcomes of various instruments and provides an analysis of their biases. This comprehensive evaluation is expected to benefit the ACSM community and other aerosol field measurements.
Eva-Lou Edwards, Yonghoon Choi, Ewan C. Crosbie, Joshua P. DiGangi, Glenn S. Diskin, Claire E. Robinson, Michael A. Shook, Edward L. Winstead, Luke D. Ziemba, and Armin Sorooshian
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 3349–3378, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-3349-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-3349-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We investigate Cl− depletion in sea salt particles over the northwest Atlantic from December 2021 to June 2022 using an airborne dataset. Losses of Cl− are greatest in May and least in December–February and March. Inorganic acidic species can account for all depletion observed for December–February, March, and June near Bermuda but none in May. Quantifying Cl− depletion as a percentage captures seasonal trends in depletion but fails to convey the effects it may have on atmospheric oxidation.
Yue Sun, Yujiao Zhu, Yanbin Qi, Lanxiadi Chen, Jiangshan Mu, Ye Shan, Yu Yang, Yanqiu Nie, Ping Liu, Can Cui, Ji Zhang, Mingxuan Liu, Lingli Zhang, Yufei Wang, Xinfeng Wang, Mingjin Tang, Wenxing Wang, and Likun Xue
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 3241–3256, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-3241-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-3241-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Field observations were conducted at the summit of Changbai Mountain in northeast Asia. The cumulative number concentration of ice-nucleating particles (INPs) varied from 1.6 × 10−3 to 78.3 L−1 over the temperature range of −5.5 to −29.0 ℃. Biological INPs (bio-INPs) accounted for the majority of INPs, and the proportion exceeded 90% above −13.0 ℃. Planetary boundary layer height, valley breezes, and long-distance transport of air mass influence the abundance of bio-INPs.
Cuizhi Sun, Yongyun Zhang, Baoling Liang, Min Gao, Xi Sun, Fei Li, Xue Ni, Qibin Sun, Hengjia Ou, Dexian Chen, Shengzhen Zhou, and Jun Zhao
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 3043–3063, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-3043-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-3043-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
In a May–June 2021 expedition in the South China Sea, we analyzed black and brown carbon in marine aerosols, key to light absorption and climate impact. Using advanced in situ and microscope techniques, we observed particle size, structure, and tar balls mixed with various elements. Results showed biomass burning and fossil fuels majorly influence light absorption, especially during significant burning events. This research aids the understanding of carbonaceous aerosols' role in marine climate.
Feifei Li, Shanshan Tang, Jitao Lv, Shiyang Yu, Xu Sun, Dong Cao, Yawei Wang, and Guibin Jiang
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-37, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-37, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Targeted derivatization and non-targeted analysis with FT-ICR MS were used to reveal the molecular composition of carbonyl molecules in PM2.5, and the important role of carbonyls in increasing the oxidative potential of organic aerosol was found in the real samples.
C. Isabel Moreno, Radovan Krejci, Jean-Luc Jaffrezo, Gaëlle Uzu, Andrés Alastuey, Marcos F. Andrade, Valeria Mardóñez, Alkuin Maximilian Koenig, Diego Aliaga, Claudia Mohr, Laura Ticona, Fernando Velarde, Luis Blacutt, Ricardo Forno, David N. Whiteman, Alfred Wiedensohler, Patrick Ginot, and Paolo Laj
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 2837–2860, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-2837-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-2837-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Aerosol chemical composition (ions, sugars, carbonaceous matter) from 2011 to 2020 was studied at Mt. Chacaltaya (5380 m a.s.l., Bolivian Andes). Minimum concentrations occur in the rainy season with maxima in the dry and transition seasons. The origins of the aerosol are located in a radius of hundreds of kilometers: nearby urban and rural areas, natural biogenic emissions, vegetation burning from Amazonia and Chaco, Pacific Ocean emissions, soil dust, and Peruvian volcanism.
Junke Zhang, Yunfei Su, Chunying Chen, Wenkai Guo, Qinwen Tan, Miao Feng, Danlin Song, Tao Jiang, Qiang Chen, Yuan Li, Wei Li, Yizhi Wang, Xiaojuan Huang, Lin Han, Wanqing Wu, and Gehui Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 2803–2820, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-2803-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-2803-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Typical haze events in Chengdu at the beginning of 2023 were investigated with bulk-chemical and single-particle analyses along with numerical model simulations. By integrating the obtained chemical composition, source, mixing state and numerical simulation results, we infer that Haze-1 was mainly caused by pollutants related to fossil fuel combustion, especially local mobile sources, while Haze-2 was triggered by the secondary pollutants, which mainly came from regional transmission.
Elena Barbaro, Matteo Feltracco, Fabrizio De Blasi, Clara Turetta, Marta Radaelli, Warren Cairns, Giulio Cozzi, Giovanna Mazzi, Marco Casula, Jacopo Gabrieli, Carlo Barbante, and Andrea Gambaro
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 2821–2835, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-2821-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-2821-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The study analyzed a year of atmospheric aerosol composition at Col Margherita in the Italian Alps. Over 100 chemical markers were identified, including major ions, organic compounds, and trace elements. It revealed sources of aerosol, highlighted impacts of Saharan dust events, and showed anthropogenic pollution's influence despite the site's remoteness. Enrichment factors emphasized non-natural sources of trace elements. Source apportionment identified four key factors affecting the area.
Karl Espen Yttri, Are Bäcklund, Franz Conen, Sabine Eckhardt, Nikolaos Evangeliou, Markus Fiebig, Anne Kasper-Giebl, Avram Gold, Hans Gundersen, Cathrine Lund Myhre, Stephen Matthew Platt, David Simpson, Jason D. Surratt, Sönke Szidat, Martin Rauber, Kjetil Tørseth, Martin Album Ytre-Eide, Zhenfa Zhang, and Wenche Aas
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 2731–2758, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-2731-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-2731-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We discuss carbonaceous aerosol (CA) observed at the high Arctic Zeppelin Observatory (2017 to 2020). We find that organic aerosol is a significant fraction of the Arctic aerosol, though less than sea salt aerosol and mineral dust, as well as non-sea-salt sulfate, originating mainly from anthropogenic sources in winter and from natural sources in summer, emphasizing the importance of wildfires for biogenic secondary organic aerosol and primary biological aerosol particles observed in the Arctic.
Jing Duan, Ru-Jin Huang, Ying Wang, Wei Xu, Haobin Zhong, Chunshui Lin, Wei Huang, Yifang Gu, Jurgita Ovadnevaite, Darius Ceburnis, and Colin O’Dowd
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-573, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-573, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The chemical composition of atmospheric particles showed significant changes in recent years. We investigated the potential effects of inorganics changes on aerosol water uptake and thus secondary organic aerosol formation in wintertime haze, based on the size-resolved measurements of non-refractory fine particulate matter (NR-PM2.5) in Xi’an, Northwest China. This study highlights the key role of aerosol water as a medium to link inorganics and organics in their multiphase processes.
Wei Huang, Cheng Wu, Linyu Gao, Yvette Gramlich, Sophie L. Haslett, Joel Thornton, Felipe D. Lopez-Hilfiker, Ben H. Lee, Junwei Song, Harald Saathoff, Xiaoli Shen, Ramakrishna Ramisetty, Sachchida N. Tripathi, Dilip Ganguly, Feng Jiang, Magdalena Vallon, Siegfried Schobesberger, Taina Yli-Juuti, and Claudia Mohr
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 2607–2624, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-2607-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-2607-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We present distinct molecular composition and volatility of oxygenated organic aerosol particles in different rural, urban, and mountain environments. We do a comprehensive investigation of the relationship between the chemical composition and volatility of oxygenated organic aerosol particles across different systems and environments. This study provides implications for volatility descriptions of oxygenated organic aerosol particles in different model frameworks.
Jing Cai, Juha Sulo, Yifang Gu, Sebastian Holm, Runlong Cai, Steven Thomas, Almuth Neuberger, Fredrik Mattsson, Marco Paglione, Stefano Decesari, Matteo Rinaldi, Rujing Yin, Diego Aliaga, Wei Huang, Yuanyuan Li, Yvette Gramlich, Giancarlo Ciarelli, Lauriane Quéléver, Nina Sarnela, Katrianne Lehtipalo, Nora Zannoni, Cheng Wu, Wei Nie, Juha Kangasluoma, Claudia Mohr, Markku Kulmala, Qiaozhi Zha, Dominik Stolzenburg, and Federico Bianchi
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 2423–2441, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-2423-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-2423-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
By combining field measurements, simulations and recent chamber experiments, we investigate new particle formation (NPF) and growth in the Po Valley, where both haze and frequent NPF occur. Our results show that sulfuric acid, ammonia and amines are the dominant NPF precursors there. A high NPF rate and a lower condensation sink lead to a greater survival probability for newly formed particles, highlighting the importance of gas-to-particle conversion for aerosol concentrations.
Yangzhi Mo, Jun Li, Guangcai Zhong, Sanyuan Zhu, Shizhen Zhao, Jiao Tang, Hongxing Jiang, Zhineng Cheng, Chongguo Tian, Yingjun Chen, and Gan Zhang
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-130, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-130, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
In this study, we found that biomass burning (31.0 %) and coal combustion (31.1 %), were the dominant sources of water-insoluble organic carbon in China, with coal combustion sources exhibited the strongest light-absorbing capacity. Additionally, we propose a light-absorbing carbonaceous continuum, revealing that components enriched with fossil sources tend to have stronger light-absorbing capacity, higher aromaticity, higher molecular weights, and greater recalcitrance in the atmosphere.
Cassandra J. Gaston, Joseph M. Prospero, Kristen Foley, Havala O. T. Pye, Lillian Custals, Edmund Blades, Peter Sealy, and James A. Christie
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-11, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-11, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
To understand how changing emissions have impacted aerosols in remote regions, we measured nitrate and sulfate at Barbados and compared to model predictions from EPA’s Air QUAlity TimE Series (EQUATES). Nitrate was stable except for spikes in 2008 and 2010 due to transported smoke. Sulfate decreased in the 1990s due to reductions of sulfur dioxide (SO2) in the U.S. and Europe, then increased in the 2000s due to anthropogenic emissions from Africa and more efficient oxidation of SO2.
Mikko Heikkilä, Krista Luoma, Timo Mäkelä, and Tiia Grönholm
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2823, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2823, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Black carbon (BC) concentration was measured from 211 ship exhaust gas plumes at a remote marine station. Emission factors of BC were calculated in grams/kilograms fuel. Ships using exhaust gas cleaning systems (EGCS) were found to emit 80 % less BC than ships without EGCS. Emission factors were used to model BC emissions as a function of speed to define the effect of speed reduction. BC emissions increased with a decrease in speed from the ship’s service speed.
Kaori Kawana, Fumikazu Taketani, Kazuhiko Matsumoto, Yutaka Tobo, Yoko Iwamoto, Takuma Miyakawa, Akinori Ito, and Yugo Kanaya
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 1777–1799, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-1777-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-1777-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Based on comprehensive shipborne observations, we found strong links between sea-surface biological materials and the formation of atmospheric fluorescent bioaerosols, cloud condensation nuclei, and ice-nucleating particles over the Arctic Ocean and Bering Sea during autumn 2019. Taking the wind-speed effect into account, we propose equations to approximate the links for this cruise, which can be used as a guide for modeling as well as for systematic comparisons with other observations.
Chen He, Hanxiong Che, Zier Bao, Yiliang Liu, Qing Li, Miao Hu, Jiawei Zhou, Shumin Zhang, Xiaojiang Yao, Quan Shi, Chunmao Chen, Yan Han, Lingshuo Meng, Xin Long, Fumo Yang, and Yang Chen
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 1627–1639, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-1627-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-1627-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We examined the daily evolution of high molecular-weight organic compounds with a molecular weight of up to 1000 Da in order to comprehend their behaviors in the atmosphere under actual conditions. These compounds were proven to undergo multi-generation oxidation, carboxylation, and nitrification via both day- and nighttime chemistry.
Karine Desboeufs, Paola Formenti, Raquel Torres-Sánchez, Kerstin Schepanski, Jean-Pierre Chaboureau, Hendrik Andersen, Jan Cermak, Stefanie Feuerstein, Benoit Laurent, Danitza Klopper, Andreas Namwoonde, Mathieu Cazaunau, Servanne Chevaillier, Anaïs Feron, Cécile Mirande-Bret, Sylvain Triquet, and Stuart J. Piketh
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 1525–1541, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-1525-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-1525-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study investigates the fractional solubility of iron (Fe) in dust particles along the coast of Namibia, a critical region for the atmospheric Fe supply of the South Atlantic Ocean. Our results suggest a possible two-way interplay whereby marine biogenic emissions from the coastal marine ecosystems into the atmosphere would increase the solubility of Fe-bearing dust by photo-reduction processes. The subsequent deposition of soluble Fe could act to further enhance marine biogenic emissions.
Sunhye Kim, Jo Machesky, Drew R. Gentner, and Albert A. Presto
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 1281–1298, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-1281-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-1281-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Cooking emissions are often an overlooked source of air pollution. We used a mobile lab to measure the characteristics of particles emitted from cooking sites in two cities. Our findings showed that cooking releases a substantial number of fine particles. While most emissions were similar, a bakery site showed distinctive chemical compositions with higher nitrogen compound levels. Thus, understanding the particle emissions from different cooking activities is crucial.
Nansi Fakhri, Robin Stevens, Arnold Downey, Konstantina Oikonomou, Jean Sciare, Charbel Afif, and Patrick L. Hayes
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 1193–1212, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-1193-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-1193-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We investigated the chemical composition of atmospheric fine particles, their emission sources, and the potential human health risk associated with trace elements in particles for an urban site in Montréal over a 3-month period (August–November). This study represents the first time that such extensive composition measurements were included in an urban source apportionment study in Canada, and it provides greater resolution of fine-particle sources than has been previously achieved in Canada.
Hanjin Yoo, Li Wu, Hong Geng, and Chul-Un Ro
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 853–867, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-853-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-853-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We conducted an investigation of atmospheric aerosols collected in Seoul, South Korea, during the KORUS-AQ campaign on a single-particle basis. We were able to identify their sources, the atmospheric fate, and the impacts of local emissions and long-range transport on aerosol composition. Additionally, we traced potential sources of non-exhaust heavy-metal particles. This comprehensive analysis provides valuable insights into the complex dynamics of urban aerosols.
Eric Schneider, Hendryk Czech, Olga Popovicheva, Marina Chichaeva, Vasily Kobelev, Nikolay Kasimov, Tatiana Minkina, Christopher Paul Rüger, and Ralf Zimmermann
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 553–576, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-553-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-553-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study provides insights into the complex chemical composition of long-range-transported wildfire plumes from Yakutia, which underwent different levels of atmospheric processing. With complementary mass spectrometric techniques, we improve our understanding of the chemical processes and atmospheric fate of wildfire plumes. Unprecedented high levels of carbonaceous aerosols crossed the polar circle with implications for the Arctic ecosystem and consequently climate.
Qiongqiong Wang, Shuhui Zhu, Shan Wang, Cheng Huang, Yusen Duan, and Jian Zhen Yu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 475–486, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-475-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-475-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We investigated short-term source apportionment of PM2.5 utilizing rolling positive matrix factorization (PMF) and online PM chemical speciation data, which included source-specific organic tracers collected over a period of 37 d during the winter of 2019–2020 in suburban Shanghai, China. The findings highlight that by imposing constraints on the primary source profiles, short-term PMF analysis successfully replicated both the individual primary sources and the total secondary sources.
Jiyuan Yang, Guoyang Lei, Jinfeng Zhu, Yutong Wu, Chang Liu, Kai Hu, Junsong Bao, Zitong Zhang, Weili Lin, and Jun Jin
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 123–136, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-123-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-123-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The atmospheric pollution and formation mechanisms of particulate-bound alkyl nitrate in Beijing were studied. C9–C16 long-chain n-alkyl nitrates negatively correlated with O3 but positively correlated with PM2.5 and NO2, so they may not be produced during gas-phase homogeneous reactions in the photochemical process but form through reactions between alkanes and nitrates on PM surfaces. Particulate-bound n-alkyl nitrates strongly affect both haze pollution and atmospheric visibility.
Yuanyuan Qin, Xinghua Zhang, Wei Huang, Juanjuan Qin, Xiaoyu Hu, Yuxuan Cao, Tianyi Zhao, Yang Zhang, Jihua Tan, Ziyin Zhang, Xinming Wang, and Zhenzhen Wang
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2703, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2703, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Environmental persistent free radicals (EPFRs) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) play an active role in the atmosphere. We quantified the impact of control measures on EPFRs and ROS and found that strict control measures have effectively reduced their emissions, largely linked to a significant decrease in secondary aerosols. Our findings have great implications for further understanding the formation and sources and for developing future air quality management policies targeting EPFRs and ROS.
Lisa Azzarello, Rebecca A. Washenfelder, Michael A. Robinson, Alessandro Franchin, Caroline C. Womack, Christopher D. Holmes, Steven S. Brown, Ann Middlebrook, Tim Newberger, Colm Sweeney, and Cora J. Young
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 15643–15654, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-15643-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-15643-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We present a molecular size-resolved offline analysis of water-soluble brown carbon collected on an aircraft during FIREX-AQ. The smoke plumes were aged 0 to 5 h, where absorption was dominated by small molecular weight molecules, brown carbon absorption downwind did not consistently decrease, and the measurements differed from online absorption measurements of the same samples. We show how differences between online and offline absorption could be related to different measurement conditions.
Sebastian Zeppenfeld, Manuela van Pinxteren, Markus Hartmann, Moritz Zeising, Astrid Bracher, and Hartmut Herrmann
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 15561–15587, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-15561-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-15561-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Marine carbohydrates are produced in the surface of the ocean, enter the atmophere as part of sea spray aerosol particles, and potentially contribute to the formation of fog and clouds. Here, we present the results of a sea–air transfer study of marine carbohydrates conducted in the high Arctic. Besides a chemo-selective transfer, we observed a quick atmospheric aging of carbohydrates, possibly as a result of both biotic and abiotic processes.
Xing Wei, Yanjie Shen, Xiao-Ying Yu, Yang Gao, Huiwang Gao, Ming Chu, Yujiao Zhu, and Xiaohong Yao
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 15325–15350, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-15325-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-15325-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We investigate the contribution of grown new particles to Nccn at a rural mountain site in the North China Plain. The total particle number concentrations (Ncn) observed on 8 new particle formation (NPF) days were higher compared to non-NPF days. The Nccn at 0.2 % supersaturation (SS) and 0.4 % SS on the NPF days was significantly lower than on non-NPF days. Only one of eight NPF events had detectable net contributions to Nccn at 0.4 % SS and 1.0 % SS with increased κ values.
Yuquan Gong, Ru-Jin Huang, Lu Yang, Ting Wang, Wei Yuan, Wei Xu, Wenjuan Cao, Yang Wang, and Yongjie Li
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 15197–15207, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-15197-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-15197-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This study reveals the large day–night differences in brown carbon (BrC) chromophore composition, which was not known previously. The results provide insights into the effects of atmospheric processes and emissions on BrC composition.
Zijun Zhang, Weiqi Xu, Yi Zhang, Wei Zhou, Xiangyu Xu, Aodong Du, Yinzhou Zhang, Hongqin Qiao, Ye Kuang, Xiaole Pan, Zifa Wang, Xueling Cheng, Lanzhong Liu, Qingyang Fu, Douglas R. Worsnop, Jie Li, and Yele Sun
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2684, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2684, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We investigated aerosol composition, sources, and the interaction between secondary organic aerosol (SOA) and clouds at a regional mountain site in southeastern China. Clouds efficiently scavenge more-oxidized SOA; however, cloud evaporation leads to the production of less-oxidized SOA. The unexpectedly high presence of nitrate in aerosol particles indicates that nitrate formed in polluted areas has undergone interactions with clouds, significantly influencing the regional background site.
Ryan N. Farley, Sonya Collier, Christopher D. Cappa, Leah R. Williams, Timothy B. Onasch, Lynn M. Russell, Hwajin Kim, and Qi Zhang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 15039–15056, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-15039-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-15039-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Soot particles, also known as black carbon (BC), have important implications for global climate and regional air quality. After the particles are emitted, BC can be coated with other material, impacting the aerosol properties. We selectively measured the composition of particles containing BC to explore their sources and chemical transformations in the atmosphere. We focus on a persistent, multiday fog event in order to study the effects of chemical reactions occurring within liquid droplets.
Xiaoxiao Li, Yijing Chen, Yuyang Li, Runlong Cai, Yiran Li, Chenjuan Deng, Jin Wu, Chao Yan, Hairong Cheng, Yongchun Liu, Markku Kulmala, Jiming Hao, James N. Smith, and Jingkun Jiang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 14801–14812, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-14801-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-14801-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Near-continuous measurements show the composition, sources, and seasonal variations of ultrafine particles (UFPs) in urban Beijing. Vehicle and cooking emissions and new particle formation are the main sources of UFPs, and aqueous/heterogeneous processes increase UFP mode diameters. UFPs are the highest in winter due to the highest primary particle emission rates and new particle formation rates, and CHO fractions are the highest in summer due to the strongest photooxidation.
Jiaqi Wang, Jian Gao, Fei Che, Xin Yang, Yuanqin Yang, Lei Liu, Yan Xiang, and Haisheng Li
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 14715–14733, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-14715-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-14715-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Regional-scale observations of surface O3, PM2.5 and its major chemical species, mixing layer height (MLH), and other meteorological parameters were made in the North China Plain during summer. Unlike the cold season, synchronized increases in MDA8 O3 and PM2.5 under medium MLH conditions have been witnessed. The increasing trend of PM2.5 was associated with enhanced secondary chemical formation. The correlation between MLH and secondary air pollutants should be treated with care in hot seasons.
Takuma Miyakawa, Akinori Ito, Chunmao Zhu, Atsushi Shimizu, Erika Matsumoto, Yusuke Mizuno, and Yugo Kanaya
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 14609–14626, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-14609-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-14609-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This study conducted semi-continuous measurements of PM2.5 aerosols and their elemental composition in western Japan, during spring 2018. It analyzed the emissions, transport, and wet removal of elements such as Pb, Cu, Fe, and Mn. It also assessed the accuracy of modeled concentrations and found overestimations of BC and underestimations of Cu and anthropogenic Fe in East Asia. Insights into emissions, removals, and source apportionment of trace metals in the East Asian outflow were provided.
Jingjing Meng, Yachen Wang, Yuanyuan Li, Tonglin Huang, Zhifei Wang, Yiqiu Wang, Min Chen, Zhanfang Hou, Houhua Zhou, Keding Lu, Kimitaka Kawamura, and Pingqing Fu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 14481–14503, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-14481-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-14481-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This study investigated the effect of COVID-19 lockdown (LCD) measures on the formation and evolutionary process of diacids and related compounds from field observations. Results demonstrate that more aged organic aerosols are observed during the LCD due to the enhanced photochemical oxidation. Our study also found that the reactivity of 13C was higher than that of 12C in the gaseous photochemical oxidation, leading to higher δ13C values of C2 during the LCD than before the LCD.
Christopher J. Hennigan, Michael McKee, Vikram Pratap, Bryanna Boegner, Jasper Reno, Lucia Garcia, Madison McLaren, and Sara M. Lance
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 14437–14449, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-14437-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-14437-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This study characterized the optical properties of light-absorbing organic compounds, called brown carbon (BrC), in atmospheric cloud water samples. In all samples, light absorption by BrC increased linearly with increasing pH. There was variability in the sensitivity of the absorption–pH relationship, depending on the degree of influence from fire emissions. Overall, these results show that the climate forcing of BrC is quite strongly affected by its pH-dependent absorption.
Máté Vörösmarty, Gaëlle Uzu, Jean-Luc Jaffrezo, Pamela Dominutti, Zsófia Kertész, Enikő Papp, and Imre Salma
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 14255–14269, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-14255-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-14255-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Poor air quality caused by high concentrations of particulate matter is one of the most severe public health concerns for humans worldwide. One of the most important biological mechanisms inducing adverse health effects is the oxidant–antioxidant imbalance. We showed that the oxidative stress changed substantially and in a complex manner with location and season. Biomass burning exhibited the dominant influence, while motor vehicles played an important role in the non-heating period.
Cited articles
Adachi, K. and Tainosho, Y.: Characterization of heavy metal particles
embedded in tire dust, Environ. Int., 30, 1009–1017,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2004.04.004, 2004.
Alas, H. D., Müller, T., Birmili, W., Kecorius, S., Cambaliza, M. O.,
Simpas, J. B., Cayetano, M., Weinhold, K., Vallar, E., Galvez, M. C., and
Wiedensohler, A.: Spatial Characterization of Black Carbon Mass
Concentration in the Atmosphere of a Southeast Asian Megacity: An Air
Quality Case Study for Metro Manila, Philippines, Aerosol. Air Qual. Res., 18, 2301–2317,
https://doi.org/10.4209/aaqr.2017.08.0281, 2017.
Allen, H. C., Laux, J. M., Vogt, R., FinlaysonPitts, B. J., and Hemminger,
J. C.: Water-induced reorganization of ultrathin nitrate films on NaCl:
Implications for the tropospheric chemistry of sea salt particles, J. Phys.
Chem., 100, 6371–6375, https://doi.org/10.1021/jp953675a, 1996.
Allen, A. G., Nemitz, E., Shi, J. P., Harrison, R. M., and Greenwood, J. C.:
Size distributions of trace metals in atmospheric aerosols in the United
Kingdom, Atmos. Environ., 35, 4581–4591, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1352-2310(01)00190-X,
2001.
Almeida, G. P., Bittencourt, A. T., Evangelista, M. S., Vieira-Filho, M. S.,
and Fornaro, A.: Characterization of aerosol chemical composition from urban
pollution in Brazil and its possible impacts on the aerosol hygroscopicity
and size distribution, Atmos. Environ., 202, 149–159,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2019.01.024, 2019.
Anderson, J. R., Aggett, F. J., Buseck, P. R., Germani, M. S., and Shattuck,
T. W.: Chemistry of Individual Aerosol-Particles from Chandler, Arizona, an
Arid Urban-Environment, Environ. Sci. Technol., 22, 811–818, https://doi.org/10.1021/es00172a011, 1988.
Aswini, A. R., Hegde, P., Nair, P. R., and Aryasree, S.: Seasonal changes in
carbonaceous aerosols over a tropical coastal location in response to
meteorological processes, Sci. Total Environ., 656, 1261–1279,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.11.366, 2019.
Bagtasa, G., Cayetano, M. G., and Yuan, C.-S.: Seasonal variation and chemical characterization of PM2.5 in northwestern Philippines, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 4965–4980, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-4965-2018, 2018.
Bautista, A. T., Pabroa, P. C. B., Santos, F. L., Racho, J. M. D., and
Quirit, L. L.: Carbonaceous particulate matter characterization in an urban
and a rural site in the Philippines, Atmos. Pollut. Res., 5, 245–252,
https://doi.org/10.5094/Apr.2014.030, 2014.
Begam, G. R., Vachaspati, C. V., Ahammed, Y. N., Kumar, K. R., Reddy, R. R.,
Sharma, S. K., Saxena, M., and Mandal, T. K.: Seasonal characteristics of
water-soluble inorganic ions and carbonaceous aerosols in total suspended
particulate matter at a rural semi-arid site, Kadapa (India), Environ.
Sci. Pollut. Res., 24, 1719–1734, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-016-7917-1,
2017.
Behera, S. N., Betha, R., Huang, X., and Balasubramanian, R.:
Characterization and estimation of human airway deposition of size-resolved
particulate-bound trace elements during a recent haze episode in Southeast
Asia, Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res., 22, 4265–4280, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-014-3645-6, 2015.
Berresheim, H.: Biogenic Sulfur Emissions from the Sub-Antarctic and
Antarctic Oceans, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 92, 13245–13262,
https://doi.org/10.1029/JD092iD11p13245, 1987.
Braun, R. A., Dadashazar, H., MacDonald, A. B., Aldhaif, A. M., Maudlin, L.
C., Crosbie, E., Aghdam, M. A., Mardi, A. H., and Sorooshian, A.: Impact of
Wildfire Emissions on Chloride and Bromide Depletion in Marine Aerosol
Particles, Environ. Sci. Technol., 51, 9013–9021, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.7b02039,
2017.
Buchholz, B. A. and Landsberger, S.: Trace-Metal Analysis of
Size-Fractioned Municipal Solid-Waste Incinerator Fly-Ash and Its Leachates,
J. Environ. Sci. Heal. A, 28, 423–441, https://doi.org/10.1080/10934529309375887, 1993.
Burgermeister, S. and Georgii, H. W.: Distribution of Methanesulfonate, Nss
Sulfate and Dimethylsulfide over the Atlantic and the North-Sea, Atmos.
Environ. A-Gen., 25, 587–595, https://doi.org/10.1016/0960-1686(91)90056-D, 1991.
Chen, Y. Z., Shah, N., Huggins, F. E., and Huffman, G. P.: Microanalysis of
ambient particles from Lexington, KY, by electron microscopy, Atmos. Environ.,
40, 651–663, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2005.09.036, 2006.
Chithra, V. S. and Nagendra, S. M. S.: Chemical and morphological
characteristics of indoor and outdoor particulate matter in an urban
environment, Atmos. Environ., 77, 579–587, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2013.05.044,
2013.
Chuang, M.-T., Chang, S.-C., Lin, N.-H., Wang, J.-L., Sheu, G.-R., Chang,
Y.-J., and Lee, C.-T.: Aerosol chemical properties and related pollutants
measured in Dongsha Island in the northern South China Sea during
7-SEAS/Dongsha Experiment, Atmos. Environ., 78, 82–92,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2012.05.014, 2013.
Clarke, A. D., Shinozuka, Y., Kapustin, V. N., Howell, S., Huebert, B.,
Doherty, S., Anderson, T., Covert, D., Anderson, J., Hua, X., Moore, K. G.,
McNaughton, C., Carmichael, G., and Weber, R.: Size distributions and
mixtures of dust and black carbon aerosol in Asian outflow: Physiochemistry
and optical properties, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 109, D15S09,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2003jd004378, 2004.
Coggon, M. M., Sorooshian, A., Wang, Z., Metcalf, A. R., Frossard, A. A.,
Lin, J. J., Craven, J. S., Nenes, A., Jonsson, H. H., Russell, L. M.,
Flagan, R. C., and Seinfeld, J. H.: Ship impacts on the marine atmosphere:
insights into the contribution of shipping emissions to the properties of
marine aerosol and clouds, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 8439–8458,
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-8439-2012, 2012.
Cohen, D. D., Stelcer, E., Santos, F. L., Prior, M., Thompson, C., and
Pabroa, P. C. B.: Fingerprinting and source apportionment of fine particle
pollution in Manila by IBA and PMF techniques: A 7-year study, X-Ray
Spectrom, 38, 18–25, https://doi.org/10.1002/xrs.1112, 2009.
Crosbie, E., Sorooshian, A., Monfared, N. A., Shingler, T., and Esmaili, O.:
A Multi-Year Aerosol Characterization for the Greater Tehran Area Using
Satellite, Surface, and Modeling Data, Atmosphere-Basel, 5, 178–197,
https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos5020178, 2014.
Crosbie, E., Youn, J. S., Balch, B., Wonaschutz, A., Shingler, T., Wang, Z.,
Conant, W. C., Betterton, E. A., and Sorooshian, A.: On the competition
among aerosol number, size and composition in predicting CCN variability: a
multi-annual field study in an urbanized desert, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15,
6943–6958, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-6943-2015, 2015.
Cruz, F. T., Narisma, G. T., Villafuerte, M. Q., Chua, K. U. C., and
Olaguera, L. M.: A climatological analysis of the southwest monsoon rainfall
in the Philippines, Atmos. Res., 122, 609–616, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2012.06.010,
2013.
Csavina, J., Landazuri, A., Wonaschutz, A., Rine, K., Rheinheimer, P.,
Barbaris, B., Conant, W., Saez, A. E., and Betterton, E. A.: Metal and
Metalloid Contaminants in Atmospheric Aerosols from Mining Operations, Water
Air Soil Poll., 221, 145–157, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-011-0777-x, 2011.
Dasgupta, P. K., Campbell, S. W., Al-Horr, R. S., Ullah, S. M. R., Li, J.
Z., Amalfitano, C., and Poor, N. D.: Conversion of sea salt aerosol to
NaNO3 and the production of HCl: Analysis of temporal behavior of aerosol
chloride/nitrate and gaseous HCl∕HNO3 concentrations with AIM, Atmos.
Environ., 41, 4242–4257, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2006.09.054, 2007.
Dumanoglu, Y., Kara, M., Altiok, H., Odabasi, M., Elbir, T., and Bayram, A.:
Spatial and seasonal variation and source apportionment of volatile organic
compounds (VOCs) in a heavily industrialized region, Atmos. Environ., 98,
168–178, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2014.08.048, 2014.
Ervens, B., Sorooshian, A., Aldhaif, A. M., Shingler, T., Crosbie, E.,
Ziemba, L., Campuzano-Jost, P., Jimenez, J. L., and Wisthaler, A.: Is there
an aerosol signature of chemical cloud processing?, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18,
16099–16119, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-16099-2018, 2018.
Facchini, M. C., Decesari, S., Rinaldi, M., Carbone, C., Finessi, E.,
Mircea, M., Fuzzi, S., Moretti, F., Tagliavini, E., Ceburnis, D., and
O'Dowd, C. D.: Important Source of Marine Secondary Organic Aerosol from
Biogenic Amines, Environ. Sci. Technol., 42, 9116–9121, https://doi.org/10.1021/es8018385,
2008.
Farren, N. J., Dunmore, R. E., Mead, M. I., Mohd Nadzir, M. S., Samah, A.
A., Phang, S. M., Bandy, B. J., Sturges, W. T., and Hamilton, J. F.:
Chemical characterisation of water-soluble ions in atmospheric particulate
matter on the east coast of Peninsular Malaysia, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19,
1537–1553, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-1537-2019, 2019.
Fitzgerald, J. W.: Marine Aerosols – a Review, Atmos. Environ. A-Gen., 25,
533–545, https://doi.org/10.1016/0960-1686(91)90050-H, 1991.
Fraser, M. P., Cass, G. R., and Simoneit, B. R. T.: Air quality model
evaluation data for organic, 6. C-3-C-24 organic acids, Environ. Sci.
Technol., 37, 446–453, https://doi.org/10.1021/es0209262, 2003.
Fu, P. Q., Kawamura, K., Chen, J., Li, J., Sun, Y. L., Liu, Y., Tachibana,
E., Aggarwal, S. G., Okuzawa, K., Tanimoto, H., Kanaya, Y., and Wang, Z. F.:
Diurnal variations of organic molecular tracers and stable carbon isotopic
composition in atmospheric aerosols over Mt. Tai in the North China Plain:
an influence of biomass burning, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 8359–8375,
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-8359-2012, 2012.
Fujimori, T., Takigami, H., Agusa, T., Eguchi, A., Bekki, K., Yoshida, A.,
Terazono, A., and Ballesteros, F. C.: Impact of metals in surface matrices
from formal and informal electronic-waste recycling around Metro Manila, the
Philippines, and intra-Asian comparison, J. Hazard Mater., 221/222, 139–146,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2012.04.019, 2012.
Ge, X. L., Wexler, A. S., and Clegg, S. L.: Atmospheric amines – Part I. A
review, Atmos. Environ., 45, 524–546, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2010.10.012, 2011.
Gietl, J. K., Lawrence, R., Thorpe, A. J., and Harrison, R. M.:
Identification of brake wear particles and derivation of a quantitative
tracer for brake dust at a major road, Atmos. Environ., 44, 141–146,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2009.10.016, 2010.
Gullett, B. K., Linak, W. P., Touati, A., Wasson, S. J., Gatica, S., and
King, C. J.: Characterization of air emissions and residual ash from open
burning of electronic wastes during simulated rudimentary recycling
operations, J. Mater. Cycles Waste, 9, 69–79, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10163-006-0161-x, 2007.
Harrison, R. M., Beddows, D. C. S., and Dall'Osto, M.: PMF Analysis of
Wide-Range Particle Size Spectra Collected on a Major Highway, Environ. Sci.
Technol., 45, 5522–5528, https://doi.org/10.1021/es2006622, 2011.
Harrison, R. M., Jones, A. M., Gietl, J., Yin, J. X., and Green, D. C.:
Estimation of the Contributions of Brake Dust, Tire Wear, and Resuspension
to Nonexhaust Traffic Particles Derived from Atmospheric Measurements,
Environ. Sci. Technol., 46, 6523–6529, https://doi.org/10.1021/es300894r, 2012.
Hitzenberger, R. and Tohno, S.: Comparison of black carbon (BC) aerosols in
two urban areas – concentrations and size distributions, Atmos.
Environ., 35, 2153–2167, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1352-2310(00)00480-5,
2001.
Hopke, P. K., Cohen, D. D., Begum, B. A., Biswas, S. K., Ni, B., Pandit, G.
G., Santoso, M., Chung, Y. S., Davy, P., Markwitz, A., Waheed, S., Siddique,
N., Santos, F. L., Pabroa, P. C. B., Seneviratne, M. C. S., Wimolwattanapun,
W., Bunprapob, S., Vuong, T. B., Duy Hien, P., and Markowicz, A.: Urban air
quality in the Asian region, Sci. Total Environ., 404, 103–112,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2008.05.039, 2008.
Huang, S. L., Rahn, K. A., and Arimoto, R.: Testing and optimizing two
factor-analysis techniques on aerosol at Narragansett, Rhode Island, Atmos.
Environ., 33, 2169–2185, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1352-2310(98)00324-0, 1999.
Iijima, A., Sato, K., Yano, K., Tago, H., Kato, M., Kimura, H., and Furuta,
N.: Particle size and composition distribution analysis of automotive brake
abrasion dusts for the evaluation of antimony sources of airborne
particulate matter, Atmos. Environ., 41, 4908–4919,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2007.02.005, 2007.
Kahnert, M., Nousiainen, T., and Veihelmann, B.: Spherical and spheroidal
model particles as an error source in aerosol climate forcing and radiance
computations: A case study for feldspar aerosols, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 110,
D18S13, https://doi.org/10.1029/2004jd005558, 2005.
Kautzman, K. E., Surratt, J. D., Chan, M. N., Chan, A. W. H., Hersey, S. P.,
Chhabra, P. S., Dalleska, N. F., Wennberg, P. O., Flagan, R. C., and
Seinfeld, J. H.: Chemical Composition of Gas- and Aerosol-Phase Products
from the Photooxidation of Naphthalene, J. Phys. Chem. A, 114, 913–934,
https://doi.org/10.1021/jp908530s, 2010.
Kawamura, K. and Ikushima, K.: Seasonal-Changes in the Distribution of
Dicarboxylic-Acids in the Urban Atmosphere, Environ. Sci. Technol., 27,
2227–2235, https://doi.org/10.1021/es00047a033, 1993.
Kawamura, K. and Kaplan, I. R.: Motor Exhaust Emissions as a Primary Source
for Dicarboxylic-Acids in Los-Angeles Ambient Air, Environ. Sci. Technol., 21,
105–110, https://doi.org/10.1021/es00155a014, 1987.
Kawamura, K. and Sakaguchi, F.: Molecular distributions of water soluble
dicarboxylic acids in marine aerosols over the Pacific Ocean including
tropics, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 104, 3501–3509, https://doi.org/10.1029/1998jd100041,
1999.
Kecorius, S., Madueño, L., Löndahl, J., Vallar, E., Galvez, M. C.,
Idolor, L. F., Gonzaga-Cayetano, M., Müller, T., Birmili, W., and
Wiedensohler, A.: Respiratory tract deposition of inhaled roadside ultrafine
refractory particles in a polluted megacity of South-East Asia, Sci. Total Environ., 663, 265–274,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.01.338, 2019.
Kecorius, S., Madueno, L., Vallar, E., Alas, H., Betito, G., Birmili, W.,
Cambaliza, M. O., Catipay, G., Gonzaga-Cayetano, M., Galvez, M. C., Lorenzo,
G., Muller, T., Simpas, J. B., Tamayo, E. G., and Wiedensohler, A.: Aerosol
particle mixing state, refractory particle number size distributions and
emission factors in a polluted urban environment: Case study of Metro
Manila, Philippines, Atmos. Environ., 170, 169–183,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2017.09.037, 2017.
Keshtkar, H. and Ashbaugh, L. L.: Size distribution of polycyclic aromatic
hydrocarbon particulate emission factors from agricultural burning, Atmos.
Environ., 41, 2729–2739, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2006.11.043, 2007.
Kim Oanh, N. T., Upadhyay, N., Zhuang, Y. H., Hao, Z. P., Murthy, D. V. S.,
Lestari, P., Villarin, J. T., Chengchua, K., Co, H. X., Dung, N. T., and
Lindgren, E. S.: Particulate air pollution in six Asian cities: Spatial and
temporal distributions, and associated sources, Atmos. Environ., 40,
3367–3380, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2006.01.050, 2006.
Kim Oanh, N. T., Pongkiatkul, P., Cruz, M. T., Trung Dung, N., Phillip, L.,
Zhang, G., and Lestari, P.: Monitoring and Source Apportionment for
Particulate Matter Pollution in Six Asian Cities, in: Integrated Air Quality
Management: Asian Case Studies, edited by: Kim Oanh, N. T., CRC Press, Taylor
& Francis Group, USA, 97–124, 2013.
Kleindienst, T. E., Jaoui, M., Lewandowski, M., Offenberg, J. H., and
Docherty, K. S.: The formation of SOA and chemical tracer compounds from the
photooxidation of naphthalene and its methyl analogs in the presence and
absence of nitrogen oxides, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 8711–8726,
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-8711-2012, 2012.
Liao, H., Chen, W. T., and Seinfeld, J. H.: Role of climate change in global
predictions of future tropospheric ozone and aerosols, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos.,
111, D12304, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005jd006852, 2006.
Lin, C. C., Chen, S. J., Huang, K. L., Hwang, W. I., Chang-Chien, G. P., and
Lin, W. Y.: Characteristics of metals in nano/ultrafine/fine/coarse
particles collected beside a heavily trafficked road, Environ. Sci. Technol.,
39, 8113–8122, https://doi.org/10.1021/es048182a, 2005.
Linak, W. P. and Miller, C. A.: Comparison of particle size distributions
and elemental partitioning from the combustion of pulverized coal and
residual fuel oil, J. Air Waste Manage., 50, 1532–1544, https://doi.org/10.1080/10473289.2000.10464171, 2000.
Ma, Y., Li, S., Zheng, J., Khalizov, A., Wang, X., Wang, Z., and Zhou, Y.:
Size-resolved measurements of mixing state and cloud-nucleating ability of
aerosols in Nanjing, China, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos.,
122, 9430–9450, https://doi.org/10.1002/2017jd026583, 2017.
Ma, L., Dadashazar, D., Braun, R. A., MacDonald, A. B., Aghdam, M. A.,
Maudlin, L. C., and Sorooshian, A.: Size-resolved characteristics of
water-soluble particulate elements in a coastal area: Source identification,
influence of wildfires, and diurnal variability, Atmos. Environ., 206,
72–84, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2019.02.045, 2019.
Mahowald, N., Jickells, T. D., Baker, A. R., Artaxo, P., Benitez-Nelson, C.
R., Bergametti, G., Bond, T. C., Chen, Y., Cohen, D. D., Herut, B., Kubilay,
N., Losno, R., Luo, C., Maenhaut, W., McGee, K. A., Okin, G. S., Siefert, R.
L., and Tsukuda, S.: Global distribution of atmospheric phosphorus sources,
concentrations and deposition rates, and anthropogenic impacts, Global
Biogeochem. Cy., 22, GB4026, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008gb003240, 2008.
Marple, V., Olson, B., Romay, F., Hudak, G., Geerts, S. M., and Lundgren, D.:
Second generation micro-orifice uniform deposit impactor, 120 MOUDI-II:
Design, Evaluation, and application to long-term ambient sampling, Aerosol
Sci. Technol., 48, 427–433, https://doi.org/10.1080/02786826.2014.884274, 2014.
Martens, C. S., Wesolowski, J. J., Harriss, R. C., and Kaifer, R.: Chlorine
Loss from Puerto-Rican and San-Francisco-Bay Area Marine Aerosols, J. Geophys.
Res., 78, 8778–8792, https://doi.org/10.1029/JC078i036p08778, 1973.
Maudlin, L. C., Wang, Z., Jonsson, H. H., and Sorooshian, A.: Impact of
wildfires on size-resolved aerosol composition at a coastal California site,
Atmos. Environ., 119, 59–68, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2015.08.039, 2015.
Metcalf, A. R., Craven, J. S., Ensberg, J. J., Brioude, J., Angevine, W.,
Sorooshian, A., Duong, H. T., Jonsson, H. H., Flagan, R. C., and Seinfeld,
J. H.: Black carbon aerosol over the Los Angeles Basin during CalNex, J.
Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 117, D00V13, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011jd017255, 2012.
Mielonen, T., Levy, R. C., Aaltonen, V., Komppula, M., de Leeuw, G., Huttunen, J., Lihavainen, H., Kolmonen, P., Lehtinen, K. E. J., and Arola, A.: Evaluating the assumptions of surface reflectance and aerosol type selection within the MODIS aerosol retrieval over land: the problem of dust type selection, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 4, 201–214, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-4-201-2011, 2011.
Miller, J. and Miller, J. C.: Statistics and chemometrics for analytical
chemistry, Pearson Education, 312 pp., 2018.
Mishra, S. K., Agnihotri, R., Yadav, P. K., Singh, S., Prasad, M. V. S. N.,
Praveen, P. S., Tawale, J. S., Rashmi, Mishra, N. D., Arya, B. C., and
Sharma, C.: Morphology of Atmospheric Particles over Semi-Arid Region
(Jaipur, Rajasthan) of India: Implications for Optical Properties, Aerosol
Air Qual. Res., 15, 974–984, https://doi.org/10.4209/aaqr.2014.10.0244, 2015.
Mooibroek, D., Schaap, M., Weijers, E. P., and Hoogerbrugge, R.: Source
apportionment and spatial variability of PM2.5 using measurements at
five sites in the Netherlands, Atmos. Environ., 45, 4180–4191,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2011.05.017, 2011.
Mosier, A. R., Andre, C. E., and Viets, F. G.: Identification of
Aliphatic-Amines Volatilized from Cattle Feedyard, Environ. Sci. Technol., 7,
642–644, https://doi.org/10.1021/es60079a009, 1973.
Müller, C., Iinuma, Y., Karstensen, J., van Pinxteren, D., Lehmann, S., Gnauk, T., and Herrmann, H.: Seasonal variation of aliphatic amines in marine sub-micrometer particles at the Cape Verde islands, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 9587–9597, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-9587-2009, 2009.
Murphy, S. M., Agrawal, H., Sorooshian, A., Padro, L. T., Gates, H., Hersey,
S., Welch, W. A., Jung, H., Miller, J. W., Cocker, D. R., Nenes, A.,
Jonsson, H. H., Flagan, R. C., and Seinfeld, J. H.: Comprehensive
Simultaneous Shipboard and Airborne Characterization of Exhaust from a
Modern Container Ship at Sea, Environ. Sci. Technol., 43, 4626–4640,
https://doi.org/10.1021/es802413j, 2009.
Norris, G., Duvall, R., Brown, S., and Bai, S.: EPA Positive Matrix
Factorization (PMF) 5.0 fundamentals and User Guide Prepared for the US
Environmental Protection Agency Office of Research and Development,
Washington, DC. Inc., Petaluma, 124 pp., 2014.
Nriagu, J. O.: A Global Assessment of Natural Sources of Atmospheric
Trace-Metals, Nature, 338, 47–49, https://doi.org/10.1038/338047a0, 1989.
Pabroa, P. C. B., Santos, F. L., Morco, R. P., Racho, J. M. D., Bautista, A.
T., and Bucal, C. G. D.: Receptor modeling studies for the characterization
of air particulate lead pollution sources in Valenzuela sampling site
(Philippines), Atmos. Pollut. Res., 2, 213–218, https://doi.org/10.5094/Apr.2011.027, 2011.
Philippine Statistics Authority: available at: https://psa.gov.ph/, last access: 28 August 2018.
Polissar, A., Hopke, P., Paatero, P., Malm, W., and Sisler, J.: Atmospheric
aerosol over Alaska 2, Elemental composition and sources, J.
Geophys. Res., 103, 19045–19057, 1998.
Prabhakar, G., Ervens, B., Wang, Z., Maudlin, L. C., Coggon, M. M., Jonsson,
H. H., Seinfeld, J. H., and Sorooshian, A.: Sources of nitrate in
stratocumulus cloud water: Airborne measurements during the 2011 E-PEACE and
2013 NiCE studies, Atmos. Environ., 97, 166–173,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2014.08.019, 2014a.
Prabhakar, G., Sorooshian, A., Toffol, E., Arellano, A. F., and Betterton,
E. A.: Spatiotemporal distribution of airborne particulate metals and
metalloids in a populated arid region, Atmos. Environ., 92, 339–347,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2014.04.044, 2014b.
Qu, W. J., Wang, J., Zhang, X. Y., Wang, D., and Sheng, L. F.: Influence of
relative humidity on aerosol composition: Impacts on light extinction and
visibility impairment at two sites in coastal area of China, Atmos. Res., 153,
500–511, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2014.10.009, 2015.
Raatikainen, T., Brus, D., Hyvärinen, A. P., Svensson, J., Asmi, E., and
Lihavainen, H.: Black carbon concentrations and mixing state in the Finnish
Arctic, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 10057–10070, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-10057-2015,
2015.
Ramachandran, S. and Rajesh, T. A.: Black carbon aerosol mass
concentrations over Ahmedabad, an urban location in western India:
Comparison with urban sites in Asia, Europe, Canada, and the United States,
J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 112, D06211, https://doi.org/10.1029/2006jd007488, 2007.
Ran, L., Deng, Z. Z., Wang, P. C., and Xia, X. A.: Black carbon and
wavelength-dependent aerosol absorption in the North China Plain based on
two-year aethalometer measurements, Atmos. Environ., 142, 132–144,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2016.07.014, 2016.
Reddington, C. L., McMeeking, G., Mann, G. W., Coe, H., Frontoso, M. G.,
Liu, D., Flynn, M., Spracklen, D. V., and Carslaw, K. S.: The mass and
number size distributions of black carbon aerosol over Europe, Atmos. Chem.
Phys., 13, 4917–4939, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-4917-2013, 2013.
Reff, A., Eberly, S. I., and Bhave, P. V.: Receptor modeling of ambient
particulate matter data using positive matrix factorization: Review of
existing methods, J. Air Waste Manage., 57, 146–154, 2007.
Reid, J. S., Xian, P., Hyer, E. J., Flatau, M. K., Ramirez, E. M., Turk, F.
J., Sampson, C. R., Zhang, C., Fukada, E. M., and Maloney, E. D.:
Multi-scale meteorological conceptual analysis of observed active fire
hotspot activity and smoke optical depth in the Maritime Continent, Atmos.
Chem. Phys., 12, 2117–2147, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-2117-2012, 2012.
Reid, J. S., Hyer, E. J., Johnson, R. S., Holben, B. N., Yokelson, R. J.,
Zhang, J. L., Campbell, J. R., Christopher, S. A., Di Girolamo, L., Giglio,
L., Holz, R. E., Kearney, C., Miettinen, J., Reid, E. A., Turk, F. J., Wang,
J., Xian, P., Zhao, G. Y., Balasubramanian, R., Chew, B. N., Janjai, S.,
Lagrosas, N., Lestari, P., Lin, N. H., Mahmud, M., Nguyen, A. X., Norris,
B., Oanh, N. T. K., Oo, M., Salinas, S. V., Welton, E. J., and Liew, S. C.:
Observing and understanding the Southeast Asian aerosol system by remote
sensing: An initial review and analysis for the Seven Southeast Asian
Studies (7SEAS) program, Atmos. Res., 122, 403–468,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2012.06.005, 2013.
Reid, J. S., Xian, P., Holben, B. N., Hyer, E. J., Reid, E. A., Salinas, S.
V., Zhang, J. L., Campbell, J. R., Chew, B. N., Holz, R. E., Kuciauskas, A.
P., Lagrosas, N., Posselt, D. J., Sampson, C. R., Walker, A. L., Welton, E.
J., and Zhang, C. D.: Aerosol meteorology of the Maritime Continent for the
2012 7SEAS southwest monsoon intensive study – Part 1: regional-scale
phenomena, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 14041–14056, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-14041-2016,
2016a.
Reid, J. S., Lagrosas, N. D., Jonsson, H. H., Reid, E. A., Atwood, S. A.,
Boyd, T. J., Ghate, V. P., Xian, P., Posselt, D. J., Simpas, J. B., Uy, S.
N., Zaiger, K., Blake, D. R., Bucholtz, A., Campbell, J. R., Chew, B. N.,
Cliff, S. S., Holben, B. N., Holz, R. E., Hyer, E. J., Kreidenweis, S. M.,
Kuciauskas, A. P., Lolli, S., Oo, M., Perry, K. D., Salinas, S. V.,
Sessions, W. R., Smirnov, A., Walker, A. L., Wang, Q., Yu, L. Y., Zhang, J.
L., and Zhao, Y. J.: Aerosol meteorology of Maritime Continent for the 2012
7SEAS southwest monsoon intensive study – Part 2: Philippine receptor
observations of fine-scale aerosol behavior, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16,
14057–14078, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-14057-2016, 2016b.
Rocha, L. D. S. and Correa, S. M.: Determination of size-segregated
elements in diesel-biodiesel blend exhaust emissions, Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res.,
25, 18121–18129, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-018-1980-8, 2018.
Rogge, W. F., Mazurek, M. A., Hildemann, L. M., Cass, G. R., and Simoneit,
B. R. T.: Quantification of Urban Organic Aerosols at a Molecular-Level –
Identification, Abundance and Seasonal-Variation, Atmos. Environ. A-Gen., 27,
1309–1330, https://doi.org/10.1016/0960-1686(93)90257-Y, 1993.
Ro, C. U., Oh, K. Y., Kim, H., Kim, Y. P., Lee, C. B., Kim, K. H., Kang, C.
H., Osan, J., De Hoog, J., Worobiec, A., and Van Grieken, R.:
Single-particle analysis of aerosols at Cheju Island, Korea, using low-Z
electron probe X-ray microanalysis: A direct proof of nitrate formation from
sea salts, Environ. Sci. Technol., 35, 4487–4494, https://doi.org/10.1021/es0155231, 2001.
Rolph, G. D.: Real-time Environmental Applications and Display sYstem (READY)
website (http://ready.Arl.NOAA.Gov, last access: 5 February 2019), NOAA Air Resour. Lab., Silver Spring,
Md., 2016.
Roth, B. and Okada, K.: On the modification of sea-salt particles in the
coastal atmosphere, Atmos. Environ., 32, 1555–1569, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1352-2310(97)00378-6, 1998.
Saltzman, E. S., Savoie, D. L., Zika, R. G., and Prospero, J. M.: Methane
Sulfonic-Acid in the Marine Atmosphere, J. Geophys. Res.-Ocean., 88, 897–902,
https://doi.org/10.1029/JC088iC15p10897, 1983.
Saltzman, E. S., Savoie, D. L., Prospero, J. M., and Zika, R. G.:
Methanesulfonic-Acid and Non-Sea-Salt Sulfate in Pacific Air – Regional and
Seasonal-Variations, J. Atmos. Chem., 4, 227–240, https://doi.org/10.1007/Bf00052002, 1986.
Schade, G. W. and Crutzen, P. J.: Emission of Aliphatic-Amines from Animal
Husbandry and Their Reactions – Potential Source of N2O and HCN, J.
Atmos. Chem., 22, 319–346, https://doi.org/10.1007/Bf00696641, 1995.
Schlosser, J. S., Braun, R. A., Bradley, T., Dadashazar, H., MacDonald, A.
B., Aldhaif, A. M., Aghdam, M. A., Mardi, A. H.., Xian, P., and Sorooshian,
A.: Analysis of Aerosol Composition Data for Western United States Wildfires
Between 2005–2015: Dust Emissions, Chloride Depletion, and Most Enhanced
Aerosol Constituents, J. Geophys. Res., 122, 8951–8966, https://doi.org/10.1002/2017JD026547, 2017.
Schwarz, J. P., Gao, R. S., Spackman, J. R., Watts, L. A., Thomson, D. S.,
Fahey, D. W., Ryerson, T. B., Peischl, J., Holloway, J. S., Trainer, M.,
Frost, G. J., Baynard, T., Lack, D. A., de Gouw, J. A., Warneke, C., and Del
Negro, L. A.: Measurement of the mixing state, mass, and optical size of
individual black carbon particles in urban and biomass burning emissions,
Geophys. Res. Lett., 35, L13810, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008gl033968, 2008.
Seinfeld, J. H. and Pandis, S. N.: Atmospheric chemistry and physics, 3rd
Edn., New York, Wiley-Interscience, 1152 pp., 2016.
Shafer, M. M., Toner, B. M., Oyerdier, J. T., Schauer, J. J., Fakra, S. C.,
Hu, S. H., Herner, J. D., and Ayala, A.: Chemical Speciation of Vanadium in
Particulate Matter Emitted from Diesel Vehicles and Urban Atmospheric
Aerosols, Environ. Sci. Technol., 46, 189–195, https://doi.org/10.1021/es200463c, 2012.
Shingler, T., Sorooshian, A., Ortega, A., Crosbie, E., Wonaschutz, A.,
Perring, A. E., Beyersdorf, A., Ziemba, L., Jimenez, J. L., Campuzano-Jost,
P., Mikoviny, T., Wisthaler, A., and Russell, L. M.: Ambient observations of
hygroscopic growth factor and f(RH) below 1: Case studies from surface and
airborne measurements, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 121, 13661–13677,
https://doi.org/10.1002/2016jd025471, 2016.
Shiraiwa, M., Kondo, Y., Moteki, N., Takegawa, N., Sahu, L. K., Takami, A.,
Hatakeyama, S., Yonemura, S., and Blake, D. R.: Radiative impact of mixing
state of black carbon aerosol in Asian outflow, J. Geophys.
Res.-Atmos., 113, D24210, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008jd010546, 2008.
Simpas, J., Lorenzo, G., and Cruz, M. T.: Monitoring Particulate Matter
Levels and Composition for Source Apportionment Study in Metro Manila,
Philippines, in: Improving Air Quality in Asian Developing Countries:
Compilation of Research Findings, edited by: Kim Oanh, N. T., NARENCA, Vietnam
Publishing House of Natural Resources, Environment and Cartography, Vietnam,
239–261, 2014.
Singh, M., Jaques, P. A., and Sioutas, C.: Size distribution and diurnal
characteristics of particle-bound metals in source and receptor sites of the
Los Angeles Basin, Atmos. Environ., 36, 1675–1689,
https://doi.org/10.1016/S1352-2310(02)00166-8, 2002.
Song, F. and Gao, Y.: Size distributions of trace elements associated with
ambient particular matter in the affinity of a major highway in the New
Jersey-New York metropolitan area, Atmos. Environ., 45, 6714–6723,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2011.08.031, 2011.
Sorooshian, A., Ng, N. L., Chan, A. W. H., Feingold, G., Flagan, R. C., and
Seinfeld, J. H.: Particulate organic acids and overall water-soluble aerosol
composition measurements from the 2006 Gulf of Mexico Atmospheric
Composition and Climate Study (GoMACCS), J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 112, D13201,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2007jd008537, 2007.
Sorooshian, A., Murphy, S. N., Hersey, S., Gates, H., Padro, L. T., Nenes,
A., Brechtel, F. J., Jonsson, H., Flagan, R. C., and Seinfeld, J. H.:
Comprehensive airborne characterization of aerosol from a major bovine
source, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 8, 5489–5520, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-8-5489-2008, 2008.
Sorooshian, A., Padro, L. T., Nenes, A., Feingold, G., McComiskey, A.,
Hersey, S. P., Gates, H., Jonsson, H. H., Miller, S. D., Stephens, G. L.,
Flagan, R. C., and Seinfeld, J. H.: On the link between ocean biota
emissions, aerosol, and maritime clouds: Airborne, ground, and satellite
measurements off the coast of California, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 23, GB4007,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2009gb003464, 2009.
Sorooshian, A., Crosbie, E., Maudlin, L. C., Youn, J. S., Wang, Z.,
Shingler, T., Ortega, A. M., Hersey, S., and Woods, R. K.: Surface and
airborne measurements of organosulfur and methanesulfonate over the western
United States and coastal areas, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 120, 8535–8548,
https://doi.org/10.1002/2015jd023822, 2015.
Stein, A. F., Draxler, R. R., Rolph, G. D., Stunder, B. J. B., Cohen, M. D.,
and Ngan, F.: NOAA's Hysplit Atmospheric Transport and Dispersion Modeling
System, B. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 96, 2059–2077, https://doi.org/10.1175/Bams-D-14-00110.1, 2015.
Tai, A. P. K., Mickley, L. J., and Jacob, D. J.: Correlations between fine
particulate matter (PM2.5) and meteorological variables in the United
States: Implications for the sensitivity of PM2.5 to climate change, Atmos.
Environ., 44, 3976–3984, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2010.06.060, 2010.
Tsakalou, C., Papamarkou, S., Tsakiridis, P. E., Bartzas, G., and
Tsakalakis, K.: Characterization and leachability evaluation of medical
wastes incineration fly and bottom ashes and their vitrification outgrowths,
J. Environ. Chem. Eng., 6, 367–376, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2017.12.012, 2018.
US Environmental Protection Agency: Monitoring PM2.5 in Ambient Air
Using Designated Reference or Class I Equivalent Methods, Report No.
EPA-454/B-16-001, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC, 174 pp., 2016.
VandenBoer, T. C., Petroff, A., Markovic, M. Z., and Murphy, J. G.: Size
distribution of alkyl amines in continental particulate matter and their
online detection in the gas and particle phase, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11,
4319–4332, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-4319-2011, 2011.
Villafuerte, M. Q., Matsumoto, J., Akasaka, I., Takahashi, H. G., Kubota,
H., and Cinco, T. A.: Long-term trends and variability of rainfall extremes
in the Philippines, Atmos. Res., 137, 1–13, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2013.09.021,
2014.
Vossler, T., Cernikovsky, L., Novak, J., and Williams, R.: Source
apportionment with uncertainty estimates of fine particulate matter in
Ostrava, Czech Republic using Positive Matrix Factorization, Atmos. Pollut.
Res., 7, 503–512, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apr.2015.12.004, 2016.
Wang, J., Ge, C., Yang, Z. F., Hyer, E. J., Reid, J. S., Chew, B. N.,
Mahmud, M., Zhang, Y. X., and Zhang, M. G.: Mesoscale modeling of smoke
transport over the Southeast Asian Maritime Continent: Interplay of sea
breeze, trade wind, typhoon, and topography, Atmos. Res., 122, 486–503,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2012.05.009, 2013.
Wang, Y. Q., Zhang, X. Y., and Draxler, R. R.: TrajStat: GIS-based software
that uses various trajectory statistical analysis methods to identify
potential sources from long-term air pollution measurement data, Environ.
Modell. Softw., 24, 938–939, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2009.01.004, 2009.
Wasson, S. J., Linak, W. P., Gullett, B. K., King, C. J., Touati, A.,
Huggins, F. E., Chen, Y. Z., Shah, N., and Huffman, G. P.: Emissions of
chromium, copper, arsenic, and PCDDs/Fs from open burning of CCA-treated
wood, Environ. Sci. Technol., 39, 8865–8876, https://doi.org/10.1021/es050891g, 2005.
Watson, J. G.: Protocol for Applying and Validating the CMB Model for
PM2.5 and VOC, Report No. EPA-451/R-04-001, US Environmental Protection
Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, 173 pp., 2004.
Watts, S. F., Watson, A., and Brimblecombe, P.: Measurements of the Aerosol
Concentrations of Methanesulfonic Acid, Dimethyl-Sulfoxide and Dimethyl
Sulfone in the Marine Atmosphere of the British-Isles, Atmos. Environ., 21,
2667–2672, https://doi.org/10.1016/0004-6981(87)90198-3, 1987.
Wonaschuetz, A., Sorooshian, A., Ervens, B., Chuang, P. Y., Feingold, G.,
Murphy, S. M., de Gouw, J., Warneke, C., and Jonsson, H. H.: Aerosol and gas
re-distribution by shallow cumulus clouds: An investigation using airborne
measurements, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 117, D17202, https://doi.org/10.1029/2012jd018089, 2012.
Wu, D., Zhang, F., Lou, W. H., Li, D., and Chen, J. M.: Chemical
characterization and toxicity assessment of fine particulate matters emitted
from the combustion of petrol and diesel fuels, Sci. Total Environ., 605,
172–179, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.06.058, 2017.
Xian, P., Reid, J. S., Atwood, S. A., Johnson, R. S., Hyer, E. J., Westphal,
D. L., and Sessions, W.: Smoke aerosol transport patterns over the Maritime
Continent, Atmos. Res., 122, 469–485, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2012.05.006, 2013.
Xu, G. J. and Gao, Y.: Characterization of marine aerosols and
precipitation through shipboard observations on the transect between 31∘ N–32∘ S in the West Pacific, Atmos. Pollut. Res., 6, 154–161,
https://doi.org/10.5094/Apr.2015.018, 2015.
Yao, X. H., Fang, M., and Chan, C. K.: The size dependence of chloride
depletion in fine and coarse sea-salt particles, Atmos. Environ., 37, 743–751,
https://doi.org/10.1016/S1352-2310(02)00955-X, 2003.
Youn, J. S., Wang, Z., Wonaschutz, A., Arellano, A., Betterton, E. A., and
Sorooshian, A.: Evidence of aqueous secondary organic aerosol formation from
biogenic emissions in the North American Sonoran Desert, Geophys. Res. Lett.,
40, 3468–3472, https://doi.org/10.1002/grl.50644, 2013.
Youn, J. S., Crosbie, E., Maudlin, L. C., Wang, Z., and Sorooshian, A.:
Dimethylamine as a major alkyl amine species in particles and cloud water:
Observations in semi-arid and coastal regions, Atmos. Environ., 122, 250–258,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2015.09.061, 2015.
Youn, J. S., Csavina, J., Rine, K. P., Shingler, T., Taylor, M. P., Saez, A.
E., Betterton, E. A., and Sorooshian, A.: Hygroscopic Properties and
Respiratory System Deposition Behavior of Particulate Matter Emitted By
Mining and Smelting Operations, Environ. Sci. Technol., 50, 11706–11713,
https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.6b03621, 2016.
Short summary
This study is the first to report size-resolved PM mass and composition in metro Manila, Philippines. The results, which focus on the southwest monsoon season (SWM), are important with regard to understanding the competition between local sources and long-range transport, characterizing the properties of aerosol impacted by both aqueous processing and wet scavenging, and providing contextual data for comparison with other monsoonal regions and coastal megacities.
This study is the first to report size-resolved PM mass and composition in metro Manila,...
Altmetrics
Final-revised paper
Preprint