Articles | Volume 24, issue 14
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-8067-2024
© Author(s) 2024. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-8067-2024
© Author(s) 2024. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
17 Jul 2024
Research article |
| 17 Jul 2024
| 17 Jul 2024
Revisiting the evolution of downhill thunderstorms over Beijing: a new perspective from a radar wind profiler mesonet
Xiaoran Guo
State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
Jianping Guo
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
Tianmeng Chen
State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
Ning Li
State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
Fan Zhang
State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
Yuping Sun
State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
Related authors
Ning Li, Jianping Guo, Xiaoran Guo, Tianmeng Chen, Zhen Zhang, Na Tang, Yifei Wang, Honglong Yang, and Yongguang Zheng
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-4939, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-4939, 2025
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (ACP).
Short summary
Short summary
Nighttime rainfall often links to low-level jets (LLJs), but we lack clarity on nationwide LLJ features due to limited wind data. To address this, we used a nationwide radar wind profiler network to study LLJ changes 2 hours before rainfall, covering China’s 2023–2024 rainy seasons. 56 % nighttime rainfall had LLJs. The heavy rains linked to LLJs needed LLJs to strengthen quickly 30–120 minutes preceding rain. These findings show the importance of LLJ in nowcasting nighttime rainfall.
Deli Meng, Jianping Guo, Juan Chen, Xiaoran Guo, Ning Li, Yuping Sun, Zhen Zhang, Na Tang, Hui Xu, Tianmeng Chen, Rongfang Yang, and Jiajia Hua
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 17, 4023–4037, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-4023-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-4023-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
This study provides a high-resolution dataset of low-level atmospheric turbulence across China, using radar and weather balloon observations. It reveals regional and seasonal variations in turbulence, with stronger activity in spring and summer. The dataset supports weather forecasting, aviation safety, and low-altitude flight planning, aiding China's growing low-altitude economy, and is accessible at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14959025.
Xiaoran Guo, Jianping Guo, Deli Meng, Yuping Sun, Zhen Zhang, Hui Xu, Liping Zeng, Juan Chen, Ning Li, and Tianmeng Chen
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 17, 3541–3552, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-3541-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-3541-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Optimal atmospheric dynamic conditions are essential for convective storms. This study generates a dataset of high-resolution divergence and vorticity profiles using the measurements of a radar wind profiler mesonet in Beijing. The negative divergence and positive vorticity are present ahead of rainfall events. This suggests that this dataset can help improve our understanding of the pre-storm environment and has the potential to be applied in weather forecasting.
Deli Meng, Jianping Guo, Xiaoran Guo, Yinjun Wang, Ning Li, Yuping Sun, Zhen Zhang, Na Tang, Haoran Li, Fan Zhang, Bing Tong, Hui Xu, and Tianmeng Chen
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 8703–8720, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-8703-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-8703-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The turbulence in the planetary boundary layer (PBL) over the Tibetan Plateau (TP) remains unclear. Here we elucidate the vertical profile of and temporal variation in the turbulence dissipation rate in the PBL over the TP based on a radar wind profiler (RWP) network. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that the turbulence profile over the whole TP has been revealed. Furthermore, the possible mechanisms of clouds acting on the PBL turbulence structure are investigated.
Boming Liu, Xin Ma, Jianping Guo, Renqiang Wen, Hui Li, Shikuan Jin, Yingying Ma, Xiaoran Guo, and Wei Gong
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 4047–4063, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-4047-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-4047-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Accurate wind profile estimation, especially for the lowest few hundred meters of the atmosphere, is of great significance for the weather, climate, and renewable energy sector. We propose a novel method that combines the power-law method with the random forest algorithm to extend wind profiles beyond the surface layer. Compared with the traditional algorithm, this method has better stability and spatial applicability and can be used to obtain the wind profiles on different land cover types.
Hui Xu, Jianping Guo, Bing Tong, Jinqiang Zhang, Tianmeng Chen, Xiaoran Guo, Jian Zhang, and Wenqing Chen
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 15011–15038, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-15011-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-15011-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The radiative effect of cloud remains one of the largest uncertain factors in climate change, largely due to the lack of cloud vertical structure (CVS) observations. The study presents the first near-global CVS climatology using high-vertical-resolution soundings. Single-layer cloud mainly occurs over arid regions. As the number of cloud layers increases, clouds tend to have lower bases and thinner layer thicknesses. The occurrence frequency of cloud exhibits a pronounced seasonal diurnal cycle.
Boming Liu, Jianping Guo, Wei Gong, Yong Zhang, Lijuan Shi, Yingying Ma, Jian Li, Xiaoran Guo, Ad Stoffelen, Gerrit de Leeuw, and Xiaofeng Xu
Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2022-26, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2022-26, 2022
Publication in AMT not foreseen
Short summary
Short summary
Aeolus is the first satellite mission to directly observe wind profile information on a global scale. However, Aeolus wind products over China were thus far not evaluated by in-situ comparison. This work is the comparison of wind speed on a large scale between the Aeolus, ERA5 and RS , shedding important light on the data application of Aeolus wind products.
Boming Liu, Jianping Guo, Wei Gong, Yong Zhang, Lijuan Shi, Yingying Ma, Jian Li, Xiaoran Guo, Ad Stoffelen, Gerrit de Leeuw, and Xiaofeng Xu
Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2021-41, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2021-41, 2021
Revised manuscript not accepted
Short summary
Short summary
Vertical wind profiles are crucial to a wide range of atmospheric disciplines. Aeolus is the first satellite mission to directly observe wind profile information on a global scale. However, Aeolus wind products over China were thus far not evaluated by in-situ comparison. This work is expected to let the public and science community better know the Aeolus wind products and to encourage use of these valuable data in future researches and applications.
Ning Li, Jianping Guo, Xiaoran Guo, Tianmeng Chen, Zhen Zhang, Na Tang, Yifei Wang, Honglong Yang, and Yongguang Zheng
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-4939, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-4939, 2025
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (ACP).
Short summary
Short summary
Nighttime rainfall often links to low-level jets (LLJs), but we lack clarity on nationwide LLJ features due to limited wind data. To address this, we used a nationwide radar wind profiler network to study LLJ changes 2 hours before rainfall, covering China’s 2023–2024 rainy seasons. 56 % nighttime rainfall had LLJs. The heavy rains linked to LLJs needed LLJs to strengthen quickly 30–120 minutes preceding rain. These findings show the importance of LLJ in nowcasting nighttime rainfall.
Qi Zhang, Tian Meng Chen, Jian Ping Guo, Bin Deng, and Min Shao
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-4381, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-4381, 2025
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for Geoscientific Model Development (GMD).
Short summary
Short summary
We propose TCKF1D-Var, a thermodynamic-constrained variational framework for ground-based microwave radiometer retrievals. Using virtual potential temperature, a ratio-based cost function, and a microphysics closure, it reduces biases relative to ERA5 and 1D-Var, improves cloud liquid water representation, and enhances heavy rainfall precursors, extending lead times. This approach strengthens continuous profiling and supports high-impact weather nowcasting.
Deli Meng, Jianping Guo, Juan Chen, Xiaoran Guo, Ning Li, Yuping Sun, Zhen Zhang, Na Tang, Hui Xu, Tianmeng Chen, Rongfang Yang, and Jiajia Hua
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 17, 4023–4037, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-4023-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-4023-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
This study provides a high-resolution dataset of low-level atmospheric turbulence across China, using radar and weather balloon observations. It reveals regional and seasonal variations in turbulence, with stronger activity in spring and summer. The dataset supports weather forecasting, aviation safety, and low-altitude flight planning, aiding China's growing low-altitude economy, and is accessible at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14959025.
Xiaoran Guo, Jianping Guo, Deli Meng, Yuping Sun, Zhen Zhang, Hui Xu, Liping Zeng, Juan Chen, Ning Li, and Tianmeng Chen
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 17, 3541–3552, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-3541-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-3541-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Optimal atmospheric dynamic conditions are essential for convective storms. This study generates a dataset of high-resolution divergence and vorticity profiles using the measurements of a radar wind profiler mesonet in Beijing. The negative divergence and positive vorticity are present ahead of rainfall events. This suggests that this dataset can help improve our understanding of the pre-storm environment and has the potential to be applied in weather forecasting.
Juan Zhao, Jianping Guo, and Xiaohui Zheng
Geosci. Model Dev., 18, 4075–4101, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-4075-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-4075-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
A series of observing system simulation experiments are conducted to assess the impact of multiple radar wind profiler (RWP) networks on convective-scale numerical weather prediction. Results from three southwest-type heavy rainfall cases in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region suggest the added forecast skill of ridge and foothill networks associated with the Taihang Mountains over the existing RWP network. This research provides valuable guidance for designing optimal RWP networks in the region.
Xiaozhong Cao, Qiyun Guo, Haowen Luo, Rongkang Yang, Peng Zhang, Jianping Guo, Jincheng Wang, Die Xiao, Jianping Du, Zhongliang Sun, Shijun Liu, Sijie Chen, and Anfan Huang
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-2012, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-2012, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
This study aims to introduce in-situ profiling techniques and cost-effective technology for upper-air observation—the Round-trip Drifting Sounding System (RDSS)—which reduces costs relative to intensive sounding and achieves three sounding phases: Ascent-Drift-Descent (ADD). The RDSS not only provides additional data for weather analysis and numerical prediction models but also makes substantial contributions to targeted observations.
Seoung Soo Lee, Chang Hoon Jung, Jinho Choi, Young Jun Yoon, Junshik Um, Youtong Zheng, Jianping Guo, Manguttathil G. Manoj, Sang-Keun Song, and Kyung-Ja Ha
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 705–726, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-705-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-705-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
This study attempts to test a general factor that explains differences in the properties of different mixed-phase clouds using a modeling tool. Although this attempt is not to identify a factor that can perfectly explain and represent the properties of different mixed-phase clouds, we believe that this attempt acts as a valuable stepping stone towards a more complete, general way of using climate models to better predict climate change.
Zhiqi Xu, Jianping Guo, Guwei Zhang, Yuchen Ye, Haikun Zhao, and Haishan Chen
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 5753–5766, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-5753-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-5753-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Tropical cyclones (TCs) are powerful weather systems that can cause extreme disasters. Here we generate a global long-term TC size and intensity reconstruction dataset, covering a time period from 1959 to 2022, with a 3 h temporal resolution, using machine learning models. These can be valuable for filling observational data gaps and advancing our understanding of TC climatology, thereby facilitating risk assessments and defenses against TC-related disasters.
Deli Meng, Jianping Guo, Xiaoran Guo, Yinjun Wang, Ning Li, Yuping Sun, Zhen Zhang, Na Tang, Haoran Li, Fan Zhang, Bing Tong, Hui Xu, and Tianmeng Chen
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 8703–8720, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-8703-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-8703-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The turbulence in the planetary boundary layer (PBL) over the Tibetan Plateau (TP) remains unclear. Here we elucidate the vertical profile of and temporal variation in the turbulence dissipation rate in the PBL over the TP based on a radar wind profiler (RWP) network. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that the turbulence profile over the whole TP has been revealed. Furthermore, the possible mechanisms of clouds acting on the PBL turbulence structure are investigated.
Kaixu Bai, Ke Li, Liuqing Shao, Xinran Li, Chaoshun Liu, Zhengqiang Li, Mingliang Ma, Di Han, Yibing Sun, Zhe Zheng, Ruijie Li, Ni-Bin Chang, and Jianping Guo
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 2425–2448, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-2425-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-2425-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
A global gap-free high-resolution air pollutant dataset (LGHAP v2) was generated to provide spatially contiguous AOD and PM2.5 concentration maps with daily 1 km resolution from 2000 to 2021. This gap-free dataset has good data accuracies compared to ground-based AOD and PM2.5 concentration observations, which is a reliable database to advance aerosol-related studies and trigger multidisciplinary applications for environmental management, health risk assessment, and climate change analysis.
Boming Liu, Xin Ma, Jianping Guo, Renqiang Wen, Hui Li, Shikuan Jin, Yingying Ma, Xiaoran Guo, and Wei Gong
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 4047–4063, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-4047-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-4047-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Accurate wind profile estimation, especially for the lowest few hundred meters of the atmosphere, is of great significance for the weather, climate, and renewable energy sector. We propose a novel method that combines the power-law method with the random forest algorithm to extend wind profiles beyond the surface layer. Compared with the traditional algorithm, this method has better stability and spatial applicability and can be used to obtain the wind profiles on different land cover types.
Jianping Guo, Jian Zhang, Jia Shao, Tianmeng Chen, Kaixu Bai, Yuping Sun, Ning Li, Jingyan Wu, Rui Li, Jian Li, Qiyun Guo, Jason B. Cohen, Panmao Zhai, Xiaofeng Xu, and Fei Hu
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 1–14, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-1-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-1-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
A global continental merged high-resolution (PBLH) dataset with good accuracy compared to radiosonde is generated via machine learning algorithms, covering the period from 2011 to 2021 with 3-hour and 0.25º resolution in space and time. The machine learning model takes parameters derived from the ERA5 reanalysis and GLDAS product as input, with PBLH biases between radiosonde and ERA5 as the learning targets. The merged PBLH is the sum of the predicted PBLH bias and the PBLH from ERA5.
Hui Xu, Jianping Guo, Bing Tong, Jinqiang Zhang, Tianmeng Chen, Xiaoran Guo, Jian Zhang, and Wenqing Chen
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 15011–15038, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-15011-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-15011-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The radiative effect of cloud remains one of the largest uncertain factors in climate change, largely due to the lack of cloud vertical structure (CVS) observations. The study presents the first near-global CVS climatology using high-vertical-resolution soundings. Single-layer cloud mainly occurs over arid regions. As the number of cloud layers increases, clouds tend to have lower bases and thinner layer thicknesses. The occurrence frequency of cloud exhibits a pronounced seasonal diurnal cycle.
Boming Liu, Xin Ma, Jianping Guo, Hui Li, Shikuan Jin, Yingying Ma, and Wei Gong
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 3181–3193, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-3181-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-3181-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Wind energy is one of the most essential clean and renewable forms of energy in today’s world. However, the traditional power law method generally estimates the hub-height wind speed by assuming a constant exponent between surface and hub-height wind speeds. This inevitably leads to significant uncertainties in estimating the wind speed profile. To minimize the uncertainties, we here use a machine learning algorithm known as random forest to estimate the wind speed at hub height.
Seoung Soo Lee, Junshik Um, Won Jun Choi, Kyung-Ja Ha, Chang Hoon Jung, Jianping Guo, and Youtong Zheng
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 273–286, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-273-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-273-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This paper elaborates on process-level mechanisms regarding how the interception of radiation by aerosols interacts with the surface heat fluxes and atmospheric instability in warm cumulus clouds. This paper elucidates how these mechanisms vary with the location or altitude of an aerosol layer. This elucidation indicates that the location of aerosol layers should be taken into account for parameterizations of aerosol–cloud interactions.
Seoung Soo Lee, Jinho Choi, Goun Kim, Kyung-Ja Ha, Kyong-Hwan Seo, Chang Hoon Jung, Junshik Um, Youtong Zheng, Jianping Guo, Sang-Keun Song, Yun Gon Lee, and Nobuyuki Utsumi
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 9059–9081, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-9059-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-9059-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This study investigates how aerosols affect clouds and precipitation and how the aerosol effects vary with varying types of clouds that are characterized by cloud depth in two metropolitan areas in East Asia. As cloud depth increases, the enhancement of precipitation amount transitions to no changes in precipitation amount with increasing aerosol concentrations. This indicates that cloud depth needs to be considered for a comprehensive understanding of aerosol-cloud interactions.
Peilin Song, Yongqiang Zhang, Jianping Guo, Jiancheng Shi, Tianjie Zhao, and Bing Tong
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 2613–2637, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-2613-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-2613-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Soil moisture information is crucial for understanding the earth surface, but currently available satellite-based soil moisture datasets are imperfect either in their spatiotemporal resolutions or in ensuring image completeness from cloudy weather. In this study, therefore, we developed one soil moisture data product over China that has tackled most of the above problems. This data product has the potential to promote the investigation of earth hydrology and be extended to the global scale.
Kaixu Bai, Ke Li, Mingliang Ma, Kaitao Li, Zhengqiang Li, Jianping Guo, Ni-Bin Chang, Zhuo Tan, and Di Han
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 907–927, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-907-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-907-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The Long-term Gap-free High-resolution Air Pollutant concentration dataset, providing gap-free aerosol optical depth (AOD) and PM2.5 and PM10 concentration with a daily 1 km resolution for 2000–2020 in China, is generated and made publicly available. This is the first long-term gap-free high-resolution aerosol dataset in China and has great potential to trigger multidisciplinary applications in Earth observations, climate change, public health, ecosystem assessment, and environment management.
Linye Song, Shangfeng Chen, Wen Chen, Jianping Guo, Conglan Cheng, and Yong Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 1669–1688, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-1669-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-1669-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This study shows that in most years when haze pollution (HP) over the North China Plain (NCP) is more (less) serious in winter, air conditions in the following spring are also worse (better) than normal. Conversely, there are some years when HP in the following spring is opposed to that in winter. It is found that North Atlantic sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies play important roles in HP evolution over the NCP. Thus North Atlantic SST is an important preceding signal for NCP HP evolution.
Boming Liu, Jianping Guo, Wei Gong, Yong Zhang, Lijuan Shi, Yingying Ma, Jian Li, Xiaoran Guo, Ad Stoffelen, Gerrit de Leeuw, and Xiaofeng Xu
Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2022-26, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2022-26, 2022
Publication in AMT not foreseen
Short summary
Short summary
Aeolus is the first satellite mission to directly observe wind profile information on a global scale. However, Aeolus wind products over China were thus far not evaluated by in-situ comparison. This work is the comparison of wind speed on a large scale between the Aeolus, ERA5 and RS , shedding important light on the data application of Aeolus wind products.
Jianping Guo, Jian Zhang, Kun Yang, Hong Liao, Shaodong Zhang, Kaiming Huang, Yanmin Lv, Jia Shao, Tao Yu, Bing Tong, Jian Li, Tianning Su, Steve H. L. Yim, Ad Stoffelen, Panmao Zhai, and Xiaofeng Xu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 17079–17097, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-17079-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-17079-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The planetary boundary layer (PBL) is the lowest part of the troposphere, and boundary layer height (BLH) is the depth of the PBL and is of critical importance to the dispersion of air pollution. The study presents the first near-global BLH climatology by using high-resolution (5-10 m) radiosonde measurements. The variations in BLH exhibit large spatial and temporal dependence, with a peak at 17:00 local solar time. The most promising reanalysis product is ERA-5 in terms of modeling BLH.
Seoung Soo Lee, Kyung-Ja Ha, Manguttathil Gopalakrishnan Manoj, Mohammad Kamruzzaman, Hyungjun Kim, Nobuyuki Utsumi, Youtong Zheng, Byung-Gon Kim, Chang Hoon Jung, Junshik Um, Jianping Guo, Kyoung Ock Choi, and Go-Un Kim
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 16843–16868, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-16843-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-16843-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Using a modeling framework, a midlatitude stratocumulus cloud system is simulated. It is found that cloud mass in the system becomes very low due to interactions between ice and liquid particles compared to that in the absence of ice particles. It is also found that interactions between cloud mass and aerosols lead to a reduction in cloud mass in the system, and this is contrary to an aerosol-induced increase in cloud mass in the absence of ice particles.
Ifeanyichukwu C. Nduka, Chi-Yung Tam, Jianping Guo, and Steve Hung Lam Yim
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 13443–13454, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-13443-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-13443-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
This study analyzed the nature, mechanisms and drivers for hot-and-polluted episodes (HPEs) in the Pearl River Delta, China. A total of eight HPEs were identified and can be grouped into three clusters of HPEs that were respectively driven (1) by weak subsidence and convection induced by approaching tropical cyclones, (2) by calm conditions with low wind speed in the lower atmosphere and (3) by the combination of both aforementioned conditions.
Tianmeng Chen, Zhanqing Li, Ralph A. Kahn, Chuanfeng Zhao, Daniel Rosenfeld, Jianping Guo, Wenchao Han, and Dandan Chen
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 6199–6220, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-6199-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-6199-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
A convective cloud identification process is developed using geostationary satellite data from Himawari-8.
Convective cloud fraction is generally larger before noon and smaller in the afternoon under polluted conditions, but megacities and complex topography can influence the pattern.
A robust relationship between convective cloud and aerosol loading is found. This pattern varies with terrain height and is modulated by varying thermodynamic, dynamical, and humidity conditions during the day.
Jianping Guo, Boming Liu, Wei Gong, Lijuan Shi, Yong Zhang, Yingying Ma, Jian Zhang, Tianmeng Chen, Kaixu Bai, Ad Stoffelen, Gerrit de Leeuw, and Xiaofeng Xu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 2945–2958, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-2945-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-2945-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Vertical wind profiles are crucial to a wide range of atmospheric disciplines. Aeolus is the first satellite mission to directly observe wind profile information on a global scale. However, Aeolus wind products over China have thus far not been evaluated by in situ comparison. This work is expected to let the public and science community better know the Aeolus wind products and to encourage use of these valuable data in future research and applications.
Boming Liu, Jianping Guo, Wei Gong, Yong Zhang, Lijuan Shi, Yingying Ma, Jian Li, Xiaoran Guo, Ad Stoffelen, Gerrit de Leeuw, and Xiaofeng Xu
Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2021-41, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2021-41, 2021
Revised manuscript not accepted
Short summary
Short summary
Vertical wind profiles are crucial to a wide range of atmospheric disciplines. Aeolus is the first satellite mission to directly observe wind profile information on a global scale. However, Aeolus wind products over China were thus far not evaluated by in-situ comparison. This work is expected to let the public and science community better know the Aeolus wind products and to encourage use of these valuable data in future researches and applications.
Kaixu Bai, Ke Li, Chengbo Wu, Ni-Bin Chang, and Jianping Guo
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 12, 3067–3080, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-3067-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-3067-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
PM2.5 data from the national air quality monitoring network in China suffered from significant inconsistency and inhomogeneity issues. To create a coherent PM2.5 concentration dataset to advance our understanding of haze pollution and its impact on weather and climate, we homogenized this PM2.5 dataset between 2015 and 2019 after filling in the data gaps. The homogenized PM2.5 data is found to better characterize the variation of aerosol in space and time compared to the original dataset.
Yang Yang, Min Chen, Xiujuan Zhao, Dan Chen, Shuiyong Fan, Jianping Guo, and Shaukat Ali
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 12527–12547, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-12527-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-12527-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
This study analyzed the impacts of aerosol–radiation interaction on radiation and meteorological forecasts using the offline coupling of WRF and high-frequency updated AOD simulated by WRF-Chem. The results revealed that aerosol–radiation interaction had a positive influence on the improvement of predictive accuracy, including 2 m temperature (~ 73.9 %) and horizontal wind speed (~ 7.8 %), showing potential prospects for its application in regional numerical weather prediction in northern China.
Ruqian Miao, Qi Chen, Yan Zheng, Xi Cheng, Yele Sun, Paul I. Palmer, Manish Shrivastava, Jianping Guo, Qiang Zhang, Yuhan Liu, Zhaofeng Tan, Xuefei Ma, Shiyi Chen, Limin Zeng, Keding Lu, and Yuanhang Zhang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 12265–12284, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-12265-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-12265-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
In this study we evaluated the model performances for simulating secondary inorganic aerosol (SIA) and organic aerosol (OA) in PM2.5 in China against comprehensive datasets. The potential biases from factors related to meteorology, emission, chemistry, and atmospheric removal are systematically investigated. This study provides a comprehensive understanding of modeling PM2.5, which is important for studies on the effectiveness of emission control strategies.
Cited articles
Bai, L., Meng, Z., Huang, Y., Zhang, Y., Niu, S., and Su, T.: Convection initiation resulting from the interaction between a quasi – stationary dryline and intersecting gust fronts: A case study, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 124, 2379–2396, https://doi.org/10.1029/2018JD029832, 2019.
Bellamy, J. C.: Objective calculations of divergence, vertical velocity and vorticity, B. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 30, 45–49, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0477-30.2.45, 1949.
Bony, S. and Stevens, B.: Measuring area-averaged vertical motions with dropsondes, J. Atmos. Sci., 76, 767–783, https://doi.org/10.1175/JAS-D-18-0141.1, 2019. .
Carlson, C. A. and Forbes, G. S.: A case study using kinematic quantities derived from a triangle of VHF Doppler Wind Profilers, J. Atmos. Ocean. Tech., 6, 769–778, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0426(1989)006<0769:ACSUKQ>2.0.CO;2, 1989.
Castro, A., Sánchez, J. L., and Fraile, R.: Statistical comparison of the properties of thunderstorms in different areas around the Ebro-Valley (Spain), Atmos. Res., 28, 237–257, https://doi.org/10.1016/0169-8095(92)90011-x, 1992.
Changnon, S. A.: METROMEX: a review and summary, Meteor. Mon., 40, 181, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-935704-29-4, 1981.
Chen, D., Guo, J., Yao, D., Lin, Y., Zhao, C., Min, M., Xu, H., Liu, L., Huang, X., Chen, T., and Zhai, P.: Mesoscale convective systems in the Asian monsoon region from Advanced Himawari Imager: Algorithms and preliminary results, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 124, 2210–2234, https://doi.org/10.1029/2018JD029707, 2019.
Chen, G. T. J. and Chou, H. C.: General characteristics of squall lines observed in TAMEX, Mon. Weather Rev., 121, 726–733, 1993.
Chen, M., Wang, Y., Gao, F., and Xiao, X.: Diurnal variations in convective storm activity over contiguous North China during the warm season based on radar mosaic climatology, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 117, D20115, https://doi.org/10.1029/2012JD018158, 2012.
Chen, M., Wang, Y., Gao, F., and Xiao, X.: Diurnal evolution and distribution of warm - season convective storms in different prevailing wind regimes over contiguous North China, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 119, 2742–2763, 2014.
Chen, M., Xiao, X., and Gao, F.: Dynamical effect of outflow boundary on localized initiation and rapid enhancement of severe convection over Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region, Chinese Journal of Atmospheric Sciences, 41, 897–917, https://doi.org/10.3878/j.issn.1006-9895.1702.16101, 2017 (in Chinese).
Chen, S. H. and Lin, Y. L.: Effects of moist Froude number and CAPE on a conditionally unstable flow over a mesoscale mountain ridge, J. Atmos. Sci., 62, 331–350, 2005.
Chu, C. M. and Lin, Y. L.: Effects of orography on the generation and propagation of mesoscale convective systems in a two-dimensionally conditionally unstable flow, J. Atmos. Sci., 57, 3817–3837, 2000.
Dou, J., Wang, Y., Bornstein, R., and Miao, S.: Observed spatial characteristics of Beijing urban climate impacts on summer thunderstorms, J. Appl. Meteorol. Clim., 54, 94–104, https://doi.org/10.1175/JAMC-D-13-0355.1., 2015.
Feng, Z., Houze, R. A., Leung, L. R., Song, F., Hardin, J. C., Wang, J., Gustafson, W. I., and Homeyer, C. R.: Spatiotemporal characteristics and large-scale environments of mesoscale convective systems east of the Rocky Mountains, J. Climate, 32, 7303–7328, 2019.
Frame, J. W. and Markowski, P.: The interaction of simulated squall lines with idealized mountain ridges, Mon. Weather Rev., 134, 1919–1941, https://doi.org/10.1175/MWR3157.1, 2006.
Guo, J., Chen, X., Su, T., Liu, L., and Zhai, P.: The climatology of lower tropospheric temperature inversions in China from radiosonde measurements: roles of black carbon, local meteorology, and large-scale subsidence, J. Climate, 33, 9327–9350, https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-19-0278.1, 2020.
Guo, J., Liu, B., Gong, W., Shi, L., Zhang, Y., Ma, Y., Zhang, J., Chen, T., Bai, K., Stoffelen, A., de Leeuw, G., and Xu, X.: Technical note: First comparison of wind observations from ESA's satellite mission Aeolus and ground-based radar wind profiler network of China, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 2945–2958, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-2945-2021, 2021 (data available at: https://data.cma.cn, last access: 11 January 2024).
Guo, X., Guo, J., Zhang, D. L., and Yun, X.: Vertical divergence profiles as detected by two wind profiler mesonets over East China: implications for nowcasting convective storms, Q. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 149, 1629–1649, https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.4474, 2023.
Hersbach, H., Bell, B., Berrisford, P., Hirahara, S., Horányi, A., Muñoz-Sabater, J., Nicolas, J., Peubey, C., Radu, R., Schepers, D., Simmons, A., Soci, C., Abdalla, S., Abellan, X., Balsamo, G., Bechtold, P., Biavati, G., Bidlot, J., Bonavita, M., De Chiara, G., Dahlgren, P., Dee, D., Diamantakis, M., Dragani, R., Flemming, J., Forbes, R., Fuentes, M., Geer, A., Haimberger, L., Healy, S., Hogan, R. J., Hólm, E., Janisková, M., Keeley, S., Laloyaux, P., Lopez, P., Lupu, C., Radnoti, G., de Rosnay, P., Rozum, I., Vamborg, F., Villaume, S., and Thépaut, J.-N.: The ERA5 global reanalysis, Q. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc. 146, 1999–2049, https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.3803, 2020.
Hoffmann, L., Günther, G., Li, D., Stein, O., Wu, X., Griessbach, S., Heng, Y., Konopka, P., Müller, R., Vogel, B., and Wright, J. S.: From ERA-Interim to ERA5: the considerable impact of ECMWF's next-generation reanalysis on Lagrangian transport simulations, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 3097–3124, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-3097-2019, 2019.
Huang, X. M., Hu, C. Q., Huang, X., Chu, Y., Tseng, Y., Zhang, G. J., and Lin, Y. L.: A long-term tropical mesoscale convective systems dataset based on a novel objective automatic tracking algorithm, Clim. Dynam., 51, 3145–3159, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-018-4071-0, 2018.
Jeevanjee, N. and Romps, D. M.: Effective buoyancy, inertial pressure, and the mechanical generation of boundary layer mass flux by cold pools. J. Atmos. Sci., 72, 3199–3213, 2015.
Kang, Y., Peng, X., Wang, S., Hu, Y., and Lu, S.: Observational analyses of topographic effects on convective systems in an extreme rainfall event in northern China, Atmos. Res., 229, 127–144, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2019.05.024, 2019.
Keighton, S., Jackson, J., Guyer, J., and Peters, J.: A preliminary analysis of severe quasi-linear mesoscale convective systems crossing the Appalachians, Preprints, 22nd Conf. on Weather Analysis and Forecasting, Park City, UT, 27 June 2007, American Meteorological Society, P2.18, https://www.weather.gov/media/rnk/research/MCS_Appalachians_Manuscript_final.pdf (last access: 2 February 2024), 2007.
Kingsmill, D. E.: Convection initiation associated with a sea-breeze front, a gust front, and their collision, Mon. Weather Rev., 123, 2913–2933, 1995.
Lee, J. L., Browning, G. L., and Xie, Y. F.: Estimating divergence and vorticity from the wind profiler network hourly wind measurements, Tellus A, 47, 892–910, https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0870.1995.00127.x, 1995.
Letkewicz, C. E. and Parker, M. D.: Forecasting the maintenance of mesoscale convective systems crossing the Appalachian Mountains, Weather Forecast., 25, 1179–1195, 2010.
Letkewicz, C. E. and Parker, M. D.: Impact of environmental variations on simulated squall lines interacting with terrain, Mon. Weather Rev., 139, 3163–3183, 2011.
Li, H., Cui, X., and Zhang, D. L.: On the initiation of an isolated heavy-rain-producing storm near the central urban area of Beijing metropolitan region, Mon. Weather Rev., 145, 181–197, https://doi.org/10.1175/MWR-D-16-0115.1, 2017.
Liu, B., Ma, Y., Guo, J., Gong, W., Zhang, Y., Li, J., Guo, X., and Shi, Y.: Boundary layer heights as derived from ground-based radar wind profiler in Beijing, IEEE T. Geosci. Remote, 57, 8095–8104, https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2019.2918301, 2019.
Machado, L. A. T., Rossow, W. B., Guedes, R. L., and Walker, A. W.: Life cycle variations of mesoscale convective systems over the Americas, Mon. Weather Rev., 126, 1630–1654, 1998.
McCaul, E. W. and Cohen, C.: The initiation, longevity, and morphology of simulated convective storms as a function of free-tropospheric relative humidity, Preprints, 22nd Conf. on Severe Local Storms, Hyannis, MA, 6 October 2004, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 8A.5, https://ams.confex.com/ams/11aram22sls/webprogram/Paper81251.html (last access: 5 February 2024), 2004.
Meng, Z., Yan, D., and Zhang, Y.: General features of squall lines in East China, Mon. Weather Rev., 141, 1629–1647, https://doi.org/10.1175/MWR-D-12-00208.1, 2013.
Miglietta, M. M. and Rotunno, R.: Numerical simulations of conditionally unstable flows over a mountain ridge, J. Atmos. Sci., 66, 1865–1885, 2009.
Parker, M. D. and Ahijevych, D. A.: Convective episodes in the east-central United States, Mon. Weather Rev., 135, 3707–3727, 2007.
Qin, R. and Chen, M.: Impact of a front–dryline merger on convection initiation near a mountain ridge in Beijing, Mon. Weather Rev., 145, 2611–2633, https://doi.org/10.1175/MWR-D-16-0369.1, 2017.
Reeves, H. D. and Lin, Y. L.: The effects of a mountain on the propagation of a preexisting convective system for blocked and unblocked flow regimes, J. Atmos. Sci., 64, 2401–2421, 2007.
Rotunno, R., Klemp, J. B., and Weisman, M. L.: A theory for strong, long-lived squall lines, J. Atmos. Sci., 45, 463–485, 1988.
Sun, J. and Cheng, G.: Influence of thermal and dynamical conditions over Beijing city area on strength of down-to-hill thunderstorms, Plateau Meteorology, 36, 207–218, 2017.
Teng, J.-H., Chen, C.-S., Wang, T.-C. C., and Chen, Y.-L.: Orographic effects on a squall line system over Taiwan, Mon. Weather Rev., 128, 1123–1138, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0493(2000)128<1123:OEOASL>2.0.CO;2, 2000.
Tompkins, A. M.: Organization of tropical convection in low vertical wind shears: The role of water vapor, J. Atmos. Sci., 58, 529–545, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(2001)058<0529:OOTCIL>2.0.CO;2, 2001.
Wang, J., Zhang, M., Ren, S., Wang, X., and Miao, C.: Simulation study on the impact of Taihang Mountain slopes on downhill front cyclone rainstorm, Advances in Earth Science, 34, 717–730, https://doi.org/10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2019.07.0717, 2019.
Weckwerth, T. M.: The effect of small-scale moisture variability on thunderstorm initiation, Mon. Weather Rev., 128, 4017–4030, 2000.
Weckwerth, T. M., Bennett, L. J., Miller, L. J., Baelen, J. V., Girolamo, P. D., Blyth, A. M., and Hertneky, T. J.: An observational and modeling study of the processes leading to deep, moist convection in complex terrain, Mon. Weather Rev., 142, 2687–2708, 2014.
Wilson, J. W., Chen, M. X., and Wang, Y. C.: Nowcasting thunderstorms for the 2008 summer Olympics, The 33rd International Conference on radar Meteorology, Cairns, QLD, Australia, 10 August 2007, American Meteorological Society, 12, https://ams.confex.com/ams/33Radar/techprogram/paper_123018.htm (last access: 6 February 2024), 2007.
Wilson, J. W., Feng, Y., Chen, M., and Roberts, R. D.: Nowcasting challenges during the Beijing Olympics: Successes, failures, and implications for future nowcasting systems, Weather Forecast., 25, 1691–1714, https://doi.org/10.1175/2010WAF2222417.1, 2010.
Wu, Y., Guo, J., Chen, T., and Chen, A.: Forecasting Precipitation from Radar Wind Profiler Mesonet and Reanalysis Using the Random Forest Algorithm, Remote Sens.-Basel, 15, 1635, https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15061635, 2023.
Xiao, X., Chen, M. X., Gao, F., and Wang, Y.: A thermodynamic mechanism analysis on enhancement or dissipation of convective systems from the mountains under weak synoptic forcing, Chinese Journal of Atmospheric Sciences, 39, 100–124, 2015 (in Chinese).
Xiao, X, Sun, J., Chen, M. X., Qie, X., Wang, Y., and Ying, Z. M.: The characteristics of weakly forced mountain-to-plain precipitation systems based on radar observations and high-resolution reanalysis, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 122, 3193–3213, 2017.
Xiao, X, Sun, J., Chen, M. X., Qie, X., Ying, Z. M., Wang, Y., and Ji, L.: Comparison of environmental and mesoscale characteristics of two types of mountain-to-plain precipitation systems in the Beijing region, China, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 124, 6856–6872, 2019.
Yang, X. L., Sun, J. H., and Zheng, Y. G.: A 5-yr climatology of severe convective wind events over China, Weather Forecast., 32, 1289–1299, https://doi.org/10.1175/WAF-D-16-0101.1, 2017.
Zhang, D.-L.: Rapid urbanization and more extreme rainfall events, Sci. Bull., 65, 516–518, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scib.2020.02.002, 2020.
Short summary
The prediction of downhill thunderstorms (DSs) remains elusive. We propose an objective method to identify DSs, based on which enhanced and dissipated DSs are discriminated. A radar wind profiler (RWP) mesonet is used to derive divergence and vertical velocity. The mid-troposphere divergence and prevailing westerlies enhance the intensity of DSs, whereas low-level divergence is observed when the DS dissipates. The findings highlight the key role that an RWP mesonet plays in the evolution of DSs.
The prediction of downhill thunderstorms (DSs) remains elusive. We propose an objective method...
Altmetrics
Final-revised paper
Preprint