Articles | Volume 24, issue 1
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-533-2024
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-533-2024
Opinion
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15 Jan 2024
Opinion | Highlight paper |  | 15 Jan 2024

Opinion: The importance of historical and paleoclimate aerosol radiative effects

Natalie M. Mahowald, Longlei Li, Samuel Albani, Douglas S. Hamilton, and Jasper F. Kok

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Representation of iron aerosol size distributions of anthropogenic emissions is critical in evaluating atmospheric soluble iron input to the ocean
Mingxu Liu, Hitoshi Matsui, Douglas S. Hamilton, Sagar D. Rathod, Kara D. Lamb, and Natalie M. Mahowald
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 13115–13127, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-13115-2024,https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-13115-2024, 2024
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AERO-MAP: A data compilation and modelling approach to understand spatial variability in fine and coarse mode aerosol composition
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EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1617,https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1617, 2024
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Opinion: A research roadmap for exploring atmospheric methane removal via iron salt aerosol
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A global dust emission dataset for estimating dust radiative forcings in climate models
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A new process-based and scale-aware desert dust emission scheme for global climate models – Part II: Evaluation in the Community Earth System Model version 2 (CESM2)
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Subject: Aerosols | Research Activity: Atmospheric Modelling and Data Analysis | Altitude Range: Troposphere | Science Focus: Physics (physical properties and processes)
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Cited articles

Albani, S. and Mahowald, N. M.: Paleodust insights onto dust impacts on climate, J. Climate, 32, 7897–7913, https://doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-18-0742.1, 2019. 
Albani, S., Mahowald, N. M., Perry, A. T., Scanza, R. A., Zender, C. S., Heavens, N. G., Maggi, V., Kok, J. F., and Otto-Bliesner, B. L.: Improved dust representation in the Community Atmosphere Model, J. Adv. Model. Earth Syst., 6, 541–570, https://doi.org/10.1002/2013MS000279, 2014. 
Albani, S., Balkanski, Y., Mahowald, N., Winckler, G., Maggi, V., and Delmonte, B.: Aerosol-Climate Interactions During the Last Glacial Maximum, Curr. Clim. Change Rep., 4, 99–114, https://doi.org/10.1007/s40641-018-0100-7, 2018. 
Allen, M. R., Fuglestvedt, J. S., Shine, K. P., Reisinger, A., Pierrehumbert, R. T., and Forster, P. M.: New use of global warming potentials to compare cumulative and short-lived climate pollutants, Nat. Clim. Change, 6, 773–776, https://doi.org/10.1038/NCLIMATE2998, 2016. 
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Executive editor
Natural aerosols have long been understood to have a substantial effect on Earth’s climate, in particular because they define a natural baseline that affects the magnitude of anthropogenic aerosol radiative forcing. In this Opinion the authors highlight the very large uncertainties in the radiative effects of aerosols particularly from fires and dust, which they estimate to exceed the magnitude of anthropogenic aerosol forcing over the entire industrial period. Rather than just defining a pre-industrial baseline for aerosol, natural emissions have changed substantially during pre-industrial times and through the industrial period, making a very poorly defined contribution to climate change. Based on the estimated large uncertainties, the authors argue for greater research efforts to narrow them.
Short summary
Estimating past aerosol radiative effects and their uncertainties is an important topic in climate science. Aerosol radiative effects propagate into large uncertainties in estimates of how present and future climate evolves with changing greenhouse gas emissions. A deeper understanding of how aerosols interacted with the atmospheric energy budget under past climates is hindered in part by a lack of relevant paleo-observations and in part because less attention has been paid to the problem.
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