Articles | Volume 22, issue 13
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-9175-2022
© Author(s) 2022. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-9175-2022
© Author(s) 2022. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
15 Jul 2022
Research article |
| 15 Jul 2022
| 15 Jul 2022
A novel pathway of atmospheric sulfate formation through carbonate radicals
Yangyang Liu
Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and
Prevention, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan
University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, Peoples' Republic of China
Yue Deng
Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and
Prevention, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan
University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, Peoples' Republic of China
Jiarong Liu
Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education of China,
School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of
Technology, Beijing 100081, P.R. China
Xiaozhong Fang
Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and
Prevention, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan
University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
Tao Wang
Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and
Prevention, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan
University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
Kejian Li
Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and
Prevention, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan
University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
Kedong Gong
Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and
Prevention, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan
University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
Aziz U. Bacha
Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and
Prevention, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan
University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
Iqra Nabi
Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and
Prevention, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan
University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
Qiuyue Ge
Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and
Prevention, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan
University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
Xiuhui Zhang
Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education of China,
School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of
Technology, Beijing 100081, P.R. China
Christian George
Univ. Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, IRCELYON,
69626 Villeurbanne, France
Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and
Prevention, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan
University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, Peoples' Republic of China
Related authors
Tao Wang, Yangyang Liu, Hanyun Cheng, Zhenzhen Wang, Hongbo Fu, Jianmin Chen, and Liwu Zhang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 13467–13493, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-13467-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-13467-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This study compared the gas-phase, aqueous-phase, and heterogeneous SO2 oxidation pathways by combining laboratory work with a modelling study. The heterogeneous oxidation, particularly that induced by the dust surface drivers, presents positive implications for the removal of airborne SO2 and formation of sulfate aerosols. This work highlighted the atmospheric significance of heterogeneous oxidation and suggested a comparison model to evaluate the following heterogeneous laboratory research.
Tao Wang, Yangyang Liu, Yue Deng, Hanyun Cheng, Yang Yang, Yiqing Feng, Muhammad Ali Tahir, Xiaozhong Fang, Xu Dong, Kejian Li, Saira Ajmal, Aziz-Ur-Rahim Bacha, Iqra Nabi, Hongbo Fu, Liwu Zhang, and Jianmin Chen
Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2019-315, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2019-315, 2019
Revised manuscript not accepted
Short summary
Short summary
We studied the heterogeneous formation of nitrate and nitrite aerosols by in-situ laboratory tests and field observations. Sunlight becomes the protagonist under weak illumination, while a costar under strong irradiation, attributing to the balance between NO2 adsorption and the formation of photoinduced active species. Meanwhile, sunlight determines the association between atmospheric nitrate and nitrite. We hope this work offer more suggestions for modelling studies.
Jiewen Shen, Bin Zhao, Shuxiao Wang, An Ning, Yuyang Li, Runlong Cai, Da Gao, Biwu Chu, Yang Gao, Manish Shrivastava, Jingkun Jiang, Xiuhui Zhang, and Hong He
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 10261–10278, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-10261-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-10261-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We extensively compare various cluster-dynamics-based parameterizations for sulfuric acid–dimethylamine nucleation and identify a newly developed parameterization derived from Atmospheric Cluster Dynamic Code (ACDC) simulations as being the most reliable one. This study offers a valuable reference for developing parameterizations of other nucleation systems and is meaningful for the accurate quantification of the environmental and climate impacts of new particle formation.
Dandan Li, Dongyu Wang, Lucia Caudillo, Wiebke Scholz, Mingyi Wang, Sophie Tomaz, Guillaume Marie, Mihnea Surdu, Elias Eccli, Xianda Gong, Loic Gonzalez-Carracedo, Manuel Granzin, Joschka Pfeifer, Birte Rörup, Benjamin Schulze, Pekka Rantala, Sébastien Perrier, Armin Hansel, Joachim Curtius, Jasper Kirkby, Neil M. Donahue, Christian George, Imad El-Haddad, and Matthieu Riva
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 17, 5413–5428, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-5413-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-5413-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Due to the analytical challenges of measuring organic vapors, it remains challenging to identify and quantify organic molecules present in the atmosphere. Here, we explore the performance of the Orbitrap chemical ionization mass spectrometer (CI-Orbitrap) using ammonium ion chemistry. This study shows that ammonium-ion-based chemistry associated with the high mass resolution of the Orbitrap mass analyzer can measure almost all inclusive compounds.
Haotian Zu, Biwu Chu, Yiqun Lu, Ling Liu, and Xiuhui Zhang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 5823–5835, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-5823-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-5823-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The nucleation of iodic acid (HIO3) and iodous acid (HIO2) was proven to be critical in marine areas. However, HIO3–HIO2 nucleation cannot effectively derive the rapid nucleation in some polluted coasts. We find a significant enhancement of dimethylamine (DMA) on the HIO3–HIO2 nucleation in marine and polar regions with abundant DMA sources, which may establish reasonable connections between the HIO3–HIO2 nucleation and the rapid formation of new particles in polluted marine and polar regions.
Jing Li, Nan Wu, Biwu Chu, An Ning, and Xiuhui Zhang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 3989–4000, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-3989-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-3989-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Iodic acid (HIO3) nucleates with iodous acid (HIO2) efficiently in marine areas; however, whether methanesulfonic acid (MSA) can synergistically participate in the HIO3–HIO2-based nucleation is unclear. We provide molecular-level evidence that MSA can efficiently promote the formation of HIO3–HIO2-based clusters using a theoretical approach. The proposed MSA-enhanced iodine nucleation mechanism may help us to deeply understand marine new particle formation events with bursts of iodine particles.
Qianqian Gao, Shengqiang Zhu, Kaili Zhou, Jinghao Zhai, Shaodong Chen, Qihuang Wang, Shurong Wang, Jin Han, Xiaohui Lu, Hong Chen, Liwu Zhang, Lin Wang, Zimeng Wang, Xin Yang, Qi Ying, Hongliang Zhang, Jianmin Chen, and Xiaofei Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 13049–13060, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-13049-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-13049-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Dust is a major source of atmospheric aerosols. Its chemical composition is often assumed to be similar to the parent soil. However, this assumption has not been rigorously verified. Dust aerosols are mainly generated by wind erosion, which may have some chemical selectivity. Mn, Cd and Pb were found to be highly enriched in fine-dust (PM2.5) aerosols. In addition, estimation of heavy metal emissions from dust generation by air quality models may have errors without using proper dust profiles.
Yiqun Lu, Yingge Ma, Dan Dan Huang, Shengrong Lou, Sheng'ao Jing, Yaqin Gao, Hongli Wang, Yanjun Zhang, Hui Chen, Yunhua Chang, Naiqiang Yan, Jianmin Chen, Christian George, Matthieu Riva, and Cheng Huang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 3233–3245, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-3233-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-3233-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
N-containing oxygenated organic molecules have been identified as important precursors of aerosol particles. We used an ultra-high-resolution mass spectrometer coupled with an online sample inlet to accurately measure their molecular composition, concentration level and variation patterns. We show their formation process and influencing factors in a Chinese megacity involving various volatile organic compound precursors and atmospheric oxidants, and we highlight the influence of PM2.5 episodes.
Yu Han, Tao Wang, Rui Li, Hongbo Fu, Yusen Duan, Song Gao, Liwu Zhang, and Jianmin Chen
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 2877–2900, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-2877-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-2877-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Limited knowledge is available on volatile organic compound (VOC) multi-site research of different land-use types at city level. This study performed a concurrent multi-site observation campaign on the three typical land-use types of Shanghai, East China. The results showed that concentrations, sources and ozone and secondary organic aerosol formation potentials of VOCs varied with the land-use types.
Tao Wang, Yangyang Liu, Hanyun Cheng, Zhenzhen Wang, Hongbo Fu, Jianmin Chen, and Liwu Zhang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 13467–13493, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-13467-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-13467-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This study compared the gas-phase, aqueous-phase, and heterogeneous SO2 oxidation pathways by combining laboratory work with a modelling study. The heterogeneous oxidation, particularly that induced by the dust surface drivers, presents positive implications for the removal of airborne SO2 and formation of sulfate aerosols. This work highlighted the atmospheric significance of heterogeneous oxidation and suggested a comparison model to evaluate the following heterogeneous laboratory research.
An Ning, Ling Liu, Lin Ji, and Xiuhui Zhang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 6103–6114, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-6103-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-6103-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Iodic acid (IA) and methanesulfonic acid (MSA) were previously proved to be significant nucleation precursors in marine areas. However, the nucleation process involved in IA and MSA remains unclear. We show the enhancement of MSA on IA cluster formation and reveal the IAM-SA nucleating mechanism using a theoretical approach. This study helps to understand the clustering process in which marine sulfur- and iodine-containing species are jointly involved and its impact on new particle formation.
Narcisse Tsona Tchinda, Lin Du, Ling Liu, and Xiuhui Zhang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 1951–1963, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-1951-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-1951-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This study explores the effect of pyruvic acid (PA) both in the SO3 hydrolysis and in sulfuric-acid-based aerosol formation. Results show that in dry and polluted areas, PA-catalyzed SO3 hydrolysis is about 2 orders of magnitude more efficient at forming sulfuric acid than the water-catalyzed reaction. Moreover, PA can effectively enhance the ternary SA-PA-NH3 particle formation rate by up to 4.7×102 relative to the binary SA-NH3 particle formation rate at cold temperatures.
Letizia Abis, Carmen Kalalian, Bastien Lunardelli, Tao Wang, Liwu Zhang, Jianmin Chen, Sébastien Perrier, Benjamin Loubet, Raluca Ciuraru, and Christian George
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 12613–12629, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-12613-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-12613-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Biogenic volatile organic compound (BVOC) emissions from rapeseed leaf litter have been investigated by means of a controlled atmospheric simulation chamber. The diversity of emitted VOCs increased also in the presence of UV light irradiation. SOA formation was observed when leaf litter was exposed to both UV light and ozone, indicating a potential contribution to particle formation or growth at local scales.
Ling Liu, Fangqun Yu, Kaipeng Tu, Zhi Yang, and Xiuhui Zhang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 6221–6230, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-6221-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-6221-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) was previously proved to participate in sulfuric acid (SA)–dimethylamine (DMA) nucleation in Shanghai, China. However, complex atmospheric environments can influence the nucleation of aerosol significantly. We show the influence of different atmospheric conditions on the SA-DMA-TFA nucleation and find the enhancement by TFA can be significant in cold and polluted areas, which provides the perspective of the realistic role of TFA in different atmospheric environments.
Runlong Cai, Yihao Li, Yohann Clément, Dandan Li, Clément Dubois, Marlène Fabre, Laurence Besson, Sebastien Perrier, Christian George, Mikael Ehn, Cheng Huang, Ping Yi, Yingge Ma, and Matthieu Riva
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 14, 2377–2387, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-2377-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-2377-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Orbitool is an open-source software tool, mainly coded in Python, with a graphical user interface (GUI), specifically developed to facilitate the analysis of online Orbitrap mass spectrometric data. It is notably optimized for long-term atmospheric measurements and laboratory studies.
Manuela van Pinxteren, Khanneh Wadinga Fomba, Nadja Triesch, Christian Stolle, Oliver Wurl, Enno Bahlmann, Xianda Gong, Jens Voigtländer, Heike Wex, Tiera-Brandy Robinson, Stefan Barthel, Sebastian Zeppenfeld, Erik Hans Hoffmann, Marie Roveretto, Chunlin Li, Benoit Grosselin, Veronique Daële, Fabian Senf, Dominik van Pinxteren, Malena Manzi, Nicolás Zabalegui, Sanja Frka, Blaženka Gašparović, Ryan Pereira, Tao Li, Liang Wen, Jiarong Li, Chao Zhu, Hui Chen, Jianmin Chen, Björn Fiedler, Wolf von Tümpling, Katie Alana Read, Shalini Punjabi, Alastair Charles Lewis, James Roland Hopkins, Lucy Jane Carpenter, Ilka Peeken, Tim Rixen, Detlef Schulz-Bull, María Eugenia Monge, Abdelwahid Mellouki, Christian George, Frank Stratmann, and Hartmut Herrmann
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 6921–6951, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-6921-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-6921-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
An introduction to a comprehensive field campaign performed at the Cape Verde Atmospheric Observatory regarding ocean–atmosphere interactions is given. Chemical, physical, biological and meteorological techniques were applied, and measurements of bulk water, the sea surface microlayer, cloud water and ambient aerosol particles took place. Oceanic compounds were found to be transferred to atmospheric aerosol and to the cloud level; however, sea spray contributions to CCN and INPs were limited.
Nicolás Zabalegui, Malena Manzi, Antoine Depoorter, Nathalie Hayeck, Marie Roveretto, Chunlin Li, Manuela van Pinxteren, Hartmut Herrmann, Christian George, and María Eugenia Monge
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 6243–6257, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-6243-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-6243-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
A new approach to bridging different fields of science by studying the air–sea interface is described. An untargeted ambient mass-spectrometry-based metabolomics method enables the study of enriched organic compounds found on the sea surface for air–water transfer processes. Results from the metabolomics experiments and a lab-to-field approach provide new opportunities for characterizing the seawater organic-matter content and discovering compounds involved in aerosol-formation processes.
Zhenzhen Wang, Tao Wang, Hongbo Fu, Liwu Zhang, Mingjin Tang, Christian George, Vicki H. Grassian, and Jianmin Chen
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 12569–12585, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-12569-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-12569-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
This study confirmed that SO2 uptake on mineral particles could be greatly enhanced during cloud processing. The large pH fluctuations between the cloud-aerosol modes could significantly modify the microphysical properties of particles, and triggered the formation of reactive Fe particles to accelerate sulfate formation via a self-amplifying process. Results of this study could partly explain the missing source of sulfate and improve agreement between models and field observations.
Siyang Li, Xiaotong Jiang, Marie Roveretto, Christian George, Ling Liu, Wei Jiang, Qingzhu Zhang, Wenxing Wang, Maofa Ge, and Lin Du
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 9887–9902, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-9887-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-9887-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
We stimulated the photochemical aging of organic film coated on aqueous aerosol in the presence of imidazole-2-carboxaldehyde, humic acid, an atmospheric PM2.5 sample, and a secondary organic aerosol sample from the lab. The unsaturated lipid mixed with photosensitizer under UV irradiation produced hydroperoxides, leading to surface area increase in organic film. Our results reveal the modification of organic film on aqueous aerosol has potential influence on the hygroscopic growth of droplets.
Tao Wang, Yangyang Liu, Yue Deng, Hanyun Cheng, Yang Yang, Yiqing Feng, Muhammad Ali Tahir, Xiaozhong Fang, Xu Dong, Kejian Li, Saira Ajmal, Aziz-Ur-Rahim Bacha, Iqra Nabi, Hongbo Fu, Liwu Zhang, and Jianmin Chen
Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2019-315, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2019-315, 2019
Revised manuscript not accepted
Short summary
Short summary
We studied the heterogeneous formation of nitrate and nitrite aerosols by in-situ laboratory tests and field observations. Sunlight becomes the protagonist under weak illumination, while a costar under strong irradiation, attributing to the balance between NO2 adsorption and the formation of photoinduced active species. Meanwhile, sunlight determines the association between atmospheric nitrate and nitrite. We hope this work offer more suggestions for modelling studies.
Zheng Fang, Wei Deng, Yanli Zhang, Xiang Ding, Mingjin Tang, Tengyu Liu, Qihou Hu, Ming Zhu, Zhaoyi Wang, Weiqiang Yang, Zhonghui Huang, Wei Song, Xinhui Bi, Jianmin Chen, Yele Sun, Christian George, and Xinming Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 14821–14839, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-14821-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-14821-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
Primary emissions and aging of open straw burning plumes were characterized in ambient dilution conditions in a chamber. Rich in alkenes, the plumes have high O3 formation potential. The emissions of specific particulate and gaseous compounds were less when the straws were fully burned. Organic aerosol (OA) mass increased by a factor of 2–8 with 3–9 h photo-oxidation, yet > 70 % of the mass cannot be explained by the known precursors. OA gained more O- and N-containing compounds during aging.
Laura González Palacios, Pablo Corral Arroyo, Kifle Z. Aregahegn, Sarah S. Steimer, Thorsten Bartels-Rausch, Barbara Nozière, Christian George, Markus Ammann, and Rainer Volkamer
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 11823–11836, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-11823-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-11823-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
The sources of radicals at aerosol surfaces are highly uncertain. Here we investigate the HO2 radical production from the UV irradiation of imidazole-2-carboxaldehyde (IC) in bulk aqueous films containing IC and citric acid, as well as IC in ammonium sulfate aerosols. We find that IC is an efficient photosensitizer that forms HO2 radicals from H-donor chemistry. IC is a proxy species for brown carbon in atmospheric aerosols.
Wei Deng, Qihou Hu, Tengyu Liu, Xinming Wang, Yanli Zhang, Xiang Ding, Yele Sun, Xinhui Bi, Jianzhen Yu, Weiqiang Yang, Xinyu Huang, Zhou Zhang, Zhonghui Huang, Quanfu He, A. Mellouki, and Christian George
Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2016-50, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2016-50, 2016
Revised manuscript not accepted
Xin Ke Wang, Stéphanie Rossignol, Ye Ma, Lei Yao, Ming Yi Wang, Jian Min Chen, Christian George, and Lin Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 2285–2298, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-2285-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-2285-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
PM2.5 filter samples have been collected in three megacities at the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River: Wuhan, Nanjing, and Shanghai. The samples were analyzed using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with Orbitrap mass spectrometry, which allowed for detection of about 200 formulas of particulate organosulfates, including dozens of formulas of nitrooxy-organosulfates, with various numbers of isomers for each tentatively determined formula at each location.
E. Harris, B. Sinha, D. van Pinxteren, J. Schneider, L. Poulain, J. Collett, B. D'Anna, B. Fahlbusch, S. Foley, K. W. Fomba, C. George, T. Gnauk, S. Henning, T. Lee, S. Mertes, A. Roth, F. Stratmann, S. Borrmann, P. Hoppe, and H. Herrmann
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 4219–4235, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-4219-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-4219-2014, 2014
I. El Haddad, B. D'Anna, B. Temime-Roussel, M. Nicolas, A. Boreave, O. Favez, D. Voisin, J. Sciare, C. George, J.-L. Jaffrezo, H. Wortham, and N. Marchand
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 7875–7894, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-7875-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-7875-2013, 2013
Related subject area
Subject: Aerosols | Research Activity: Laboratory Studies | Altitude Range: Troposphere | Science Focus: Chemistry (chemical composition and reactions)
Particulate emissions from cooking: emission factors, emission dynamics, and mass spectrometric analysis for different cooking methods
Nocturnal atmospheric synergistic oxidation reduces the formation of low-volatility organic compounds from biogenic emissions
The interplay between aqueous replacement reaction and the phase state of internally mixed organic/ammonium aerosols
Measurement report: The Fifth International Workshop on Ice Nucleation phase 1 (FIN-01): intercomparison of single-particle mass spectrometers
Enhanced Sulfate Formation in Mixed Biomass Burning and Sea-salt Particles Mediated by Photosensitization: Effects of Chloride and Nitrogen-containing Compounds
Characterization of the particle size distribution, mineralogy, and Fe mode of occurrence of dust-emitting sediments from the Mojave Desert, California, USA
Heterogeneous formation and light absorption of secondary organic aerosols from acetone photooxidation: Remarkably enhancing effects of seeds and ammonia
Atmospheric oxidation of 1,3-butadiene: influence of acidity and relative humidity on SOA composition and air toxic compounds
Measurement report: Effects of transition metal ions on the optical properties of humic-like substances (HULIS) reveal a structural preference – a case study of PM2.5 in Beijing, China
Probing Iceland's dust-emitting sediments: particle size distribution, mineralogy, cohesion, Fe mode of occurrence, and reflectance spectra signatures
Photoenhanced sulfate formation by the heterogeneous uptake of SO2 on non-photoactive mineral dust
Comparison of water-soluble and water-insoluble organic compositions attributing to different light absorption efficiency between residential coal and biomass burning emissions
Technical note: High-resolution analyses of concentrations and sizes of black carbon particles deposited on northwest Greenland over the past 350 years – Part 1. Continuous flow analysis of the SIGMA-D ice core using a Wide-Range Single-Particle Soot Photometer and a high-efficiency nebulizer
Suppressed atmospheric chemical aging of cooking organic aerosol particles in wintertime conditions
Formation and loss of light absorbance by phenolic aqueous SOA by ●OH and an organic triplet excited state
Technical Note: A technique to convert NO2 to NO2− with S(IV) and its application to measuring nitrate photolysis
The impact of nanostructure on hygroscopicity and reactivity of fatty acid atmospheric aerosol proxies
Distribution, chemical, and molecular composition of high and low molecular weight humic-like substances in ambient aerosols
Desorption lifetimes and activation energies influencing gas–surface interactions and multiphase chemical kinetics
Molecular analysis of secondary organic aerosol and brown carbon from the oxidation of indole
Secondary organic aerosol formed by Euro 5 gasoline vehicle emissions: chemical composition and gas-to-particle phase partitioning
Assessment of the contribution of residential waste burning to ambient PM10 concentrations in Hungary and Romania
Source differences in the components and cytotoxicity of PM2.5 from automobile exhaust, coal combustion, and biomass burning contributing to urban aerosol toxicity
Chamber studies of OH + dimethyl sulfoxide and dimethyl disulfide: insights into the dimethyl sulfide oxidation mechanism
Low-temperature ice nucleation of sea spray and secondary marine aerosols under cirrus cloud conditions
Temperature-dependent aqueous OH kinetics of C2–C10 linear and terpenoid alcohols and diols: new rate coefficients, structure–activity relationship, and atmospheric lifetimes
A possible unaccounted source of nitrogen-containing compound formation in aerosols: amines reacting with secondary ozonides
Seasonal variations in photooxidant formation and light absorption in aqueous extracts of ambient particles
Variability in sediment particle size, mineralogy, and Fe mode of occurrence across dust-source inland drainage basins: the case of the lower Drâa Valley, Morocco
Gas–particle partitioning of toluene oxidation products: an experimental and modeling study
Chemically speciated air pollutant emissions from open burning of household solid waste from South Africa
Bulk and molecular-level composition of primary organic aerosol from wood, straw, cow dung, and plastic burning
Volatile oxidation products and secondary organosiloxane aerosol from D5 + OH at varying OH exposures
Molecular fingerprints and health risks of smoke from home-use incense burning
High enrichment of heavy metals in fine particulate matter through dust aerosol generation
Production of ice-nucleating particles (INPs) by fast-growing phytoplankton
Technical note: In situ measurements and modelling of the oxidation kinetics in films of a cooking aerosol proxy using a quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring (QCM-D)
Contrasting impacts of humidity on the ozonolysis of monoterpenes: insights into the multi-generation chemical mechanism
Quantifying the seasonal variations in and regional transport of PM2.5 in the Yangtze River Delta region, China: characteristics, sources, and health risks
Opinion: Atmospheric multiphase chemistry – past, present, and future
Distinct photochemistry in glycine particles mixed with different atmospheric nitrate salts
Effects of storage conditions on the molecular-level composition of organic aerosol particles
Characterization of gas and particle emissions from open burning of household solid waste from South Africa
Chemically distinct particle-phase emissions from highly controlled pyrolysis of three wood types
Predicting photooxidant concentrations in aerosol liquid water based on laboratory extracts of ambient particles
Physicochemical characterization of free troposphere and marine boundary layer ice-nucleating particles collected by aircraft in the eastern North Atlantic
Large differences of highly oxygenated organic molecules (HOMs) and low-volatile species in secondary organic aerosols (SOAs) formed from ozonolysis of β-pinene and limonene
Impact of fossil and non-fossil fuel sources on the molecular compositions of water-soluble humic-like substances in PM2.5 at a suburban site of Yangtze River Delta, China
Technical note: Improved synthetic routes to cis- and trans-(2-methyloxirane-2,3-diyl)dimethanol (cis- and trans-β-isoprene epoxydiol)
Technical note: Intercomparison study of the elemental carbon radiocarbon analysis methods using synthetic known samples
Julia Pikmann, Frank Drewnick, Friederike Fachinger, and Stephan Borrmann
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 12295–12321, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-12295-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-12295-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Cooking activities can contribute substantially to indoor and ambient aerosol. We performed a comprehensive study with laboratory measurements cooking 19 different dishes and ambient measurements at two Christmas markets measuring various particle properties and trace gases of emissions in real time. Similar emission characteristics were observed for dishes with the same preparation method, mainly due to similar cooking temperature and use of oil, with barbecuing as an especially strong source.
Han Zang, Zekun Luo, Chenxi Li, Ziyue Li, Dandan Huang, and Yue Zhao
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 11701–11716, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-11701-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-11701-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Atmospheric organics are subject to synergistic oxidation by different oxidants, yet the mechanisms of such processes are poorly understood. Here, using direct measurements and kinetic modeling, we probe the nocturnal synergistic-oxidation mechanism of α-pinene by O3 and NO3 radicals and in particular the fate of peroxy radical intermediates of different origins, which will deepen our understanding of the monoterpene oxidation chemistry and its contribution to atmospheric particle formation.
Hui Yang, Fengfeng Dong, Li Xia, Qishen Huang, Shufeng Pang, and Yunhong Zhang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 11619–11635, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-11619-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-11619-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Atmospheric secondary aerosols, composed of organic and inorganic components, undergo complex reactions that impact their phase state. Using molecular spectroscopy, we showed that ammonium-promoted aqueous replacement reaction, unique to these aerosols, is closely linked to phase behavior. The interplay between reactions and aerosol phase state can cause atypical phase transition and irreversible changes in aerosol composition during hygroscopic cycles, further impacting atmospheric processes.
Xiaoli Shen, David M. Bell, Hugh Coe, Naruki Hiranuma, Fabian Mahrt, Nicholas A. Marsden, Claudia Mohr, Daniel M. Murphy, Harald Saathoff, Johannes Schneider, Jacqueline Wilson, Maria A. Zawadowicz, Alla Zelenyuk, Paul J. DeMott, Ottmar Möhler, and Daniel J. Cziczo
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 10869–10891, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-10869-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-10869-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Single-particle mass spectrometry (SPMS) is commonly used to measure the chemical composition and mixing state of aerosol particles. Intercomparison of SPMS instruments was conducted. All instruments reported similar size ranges and common spectral features. The instrument-specific detection efficiency was found to be more dependent on particle size than type. All differentiated secondary organic aerosol, soot, and soil dust but had difficulties differentiating among minerals and dusts.
Rongzhi Tang, Jialiang Ma, Ruifeng Zhang, Weizhen Cui, Yuanyuan Qin, Yangxi Chu, Yiming Qin, Alexander L. Vogel, and Chak K. Chan
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2633, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2633, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study provided laboratory evidence that the photosensitizers in biomass burning extracts can enhance the sulfate formation in NaCl particles, primarily by triggering the formation of secondary oxidants under light and air, with less contribution of direct photosensitization via triplets.
Adolfo González-Romero, Cristina González-Flórez, Agnesh Panta, Jesús Yus-Díez, Patricia Córdoba, Andres Alastuey, Natalia Moreno, Melani Hernández-Chiriboga, Konrad Kandler, Martina Klose, Roger N. Clark, Bethany L. Ehlmann, Rebecca N. Greenberger, Abigail M. Keebler, Phil Brodrick, Robert Green, Paul Ginoux, Xavier Querol, and Carlos Pérez García-Pando
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 9155–9176, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-9155-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-9155-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
In this research, we studied the dust-emitting properties of crusts and aeolian ripples from the Mojave Desert. These properties are key to understanding the effect of dust upon climate. We found two different playa lakes according to the groundwater regime, which implies differences in crusts' cohesion state and mineralogy, which can affect the dust emission potential and properties. We also compare them with Moroccan Sahara crusts and Icelandic top sediments.
Si Zhang, Xinbei Xu, Luyao Chen, Can Wu, Zheng Li, Rongjie Li, Binyu Xiao, Xiaodi Liu, Rui Li, Fan Zhang, and Gehui Wang
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2119, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2119, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
SOA from acetone photooxidation can be formed more readily on neutral aerosols than on acidic aerosols, while heterogeneous reaction of carbonyl with ammonium is only active on acidic aerosols in the presence of NH3, which produces light-absorbing N-containing compounds. Our work suggested that the heterogeneous oxidation of highly volatile VOC, for example acetone, is an importance source of SOA in the atmosphere, which should be accounted for in the future model studies.
Mohammed Jaoui, Klara Nestorowicz, Krzysztof Rudzinski, Michael Lewandowski, Tadeusz Kleindienst, Julio Torres, Ewa Bulska, Witold Danikiewicz, and Rafal Szmigielski
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2032, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2032, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Recent research has established the contribution of 1,3-butadiene (13BD) to organic aerosol formation with negative implications to urban air quality. Health effects studies have focused on whole particulate matter but compounds responsible for adverse health effects remain uncertain. This study provides the effect of relative humidity and acidity on the chemical composition of aerosol formed from 13BD photooxidation.
Juanjuan Qin, Leiming Zhang, Yuanyuan Qin, Shaoxuan Shi, Jingnan Li, Zhao Shu, Yuwei Gao, Ting Qi, Jihua Tan, and Xinming Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 7575–7589, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-7575-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-7575-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The present research unveiled that acidity dominates while transition metal ions harmonize with the light absorption properties of humic-like substances (HULIS). Cu2+ has quenching effects on HULIS by complexation, hydrogen substitution, or electrostatic adsorption, with aromatic structures of HULIS. Such effects are less pronounced if from Mn2+, Ni2+, Zn2+, and Cu2+. Oxidized HULIS might contain electron-donating groups, whereas N-containing compounds might contain electron-withdrawing groups.
Adolfo González-Romero, Cristina González-Flórez, Agnesh Panta, Jesús Yus-Díez, Patricia Córdoba, Andres Alastuey, Natalia Moreno, Konrad Kandler, Martina Klose, Roger N. Clark, Bethany L. Ehlmann, Rebecca N. Greenberger, Abigail M. Keebler, Phil Brodrick, Robert O. Green, Xavier Querol, and Carlos Pérez García-Pando
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 6883–6910, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-6883-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-6883-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The knowledge of properties from dust emitted in high latitudes such as in Iceland is scarce. This study focuses on the particle size, mineralogy, cohesion, and iron mode of occurrence and reflectance spectra of dust-emitting sediments. Icelandic top sediments have lower cohesion state, coarser particle size, distinctive mineralogy, and 3-fold bulk Fe content, with a large presence of magnetite compared to Saharan crusts.
Wangjin Yang, Jiawei Ma, Hongxing Yang, Fu Li, and Chong Han
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 6757–6768, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-6757-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-6757-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We provide evidence that light enhances the conversion of SO2 to sulfates on non-photoactive mineral dust, where triplet states of SO2 (3SO2) can act as a pivotal trigger to generate sulfates. Photochemical sulfate formation depends on H2O, O2, and basicity of mineral dust. The SO2 photochemistry on non-photoactive mineral dust contributes to sulfates, highlighting previously unknown pathways to better explain the missing sources of atmospheric sulfates.
Lu Zhang, Jin Li, Yaojie Li, Xinlei Liu, Zhihan Luo, Guofeng Shen, and Shu Tao
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 6323–6337, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-6323-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-6323-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Brown carbon (BrC) is related to radiative forcing and climate change. The BrC fraction from residential coal and biomass burning emissions, which were the major source of BrC, was characterized at the molecular level. The CHOS aromatic compounds explained higher light absorption efficiencies of biomass burning emissions compared to coal. The unique formulas of coal combustion aerosols were characterized by higher unsaturated compounds, and such information could be used for source appointment.
Kumiko Goto-Azuma, Remi Dallmayr, Yoshimi Ogawa-Tsukagawa, Nobuhiro Moteki, Tatsuhiro Mori, Sho Ohata, Yutaka Kondo, Makoto Koike, Motohiro Hirabayashi, Jun Ogata, Kyotaro Kitamura, Kenji Kawamura, Koji Fujita, Sumito Matoba, Naoko Nagatsuka, Akane Tsushima, Kaori Fukuda, and Teruo Aoki
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1496, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1496, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We developed a continuous flow analysis system to analyse an ice core from northwest Greenland, and coupled it with an improved BC measurement technique. This coupling allowed accurate high-resolution analyses of BC particles' size distributions and concentrations with diameters between 70 nm and 4 μm for the past 350 years. Our results provide crucial insights into BC's climatic effects. We also found that previous ice core studies substantially underestimated the BC mass concentrations.
Wenli Liu, Longkun He, Yingjun Liu, Keren Liao, Qi Chen, and Mikinori Kuwata
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 5625–5636, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-5625-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-5625-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Cooking is a major source of particles in urban areas. Previous studies demonstrated that the chemical lifetimes of cooking organic aerosols (COAs) were much shorter (~minutes) than the values reported by field observations (~hours). We conducted laboratory experiments to resolve the discrepancy by considering suppressed reactivity under low temperature. The parameterized k2–T relationships and observed surface temperature data were used to estimate the chemical lifetimes of COA particles.
Stephanie Arciva, Lan Ma, Camille Mavis, Chrystal Guzman, and Cort Anastasio
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 4473–4485, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-4473-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-4473-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We measured changes in light absorption during the aqueous oxidation of six phenols with hydroxyl radical (●OH) or an organic triplet excited state (3C*). All the phenols formed light-absorbing secondary brown carbon (BrC), which then decayed with continued oxidation. Extrapolation to ambient conditions suggest ●OH is the dominant sink of secondary phenolic BrC in fog/cloud drops, while 3C* controls the lifetime of this light absorption in particle water.
Aaron Lieberman, Julietta Picco, Murat Onder, and Cort Anastasio
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 4411–4419, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-4411-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-4411-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We developed a method that uses aqueous S(IV) to quantitatively convert NO2 to NO2−, which allows both species to be quantified using the Griess method. As an example of the utility of the method, we quantified both photolysis channels of nitrate, with and without a scavenger for hydroxyl radical (·OH). The results show that without a scavenger, ·OH reacts with nitrite to form nitrogen dioxide, suppressing the apparent quantum yield of NO2− and enhancing that of NO2.
Adam Milsom, Adam M. Squires, Ben Laurence, Ben Wōden, Andrew J. Smith, Andrew D. Ward, and Christian Pfrang
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-905, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-905, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We followed nano-structural changes in mixtures found in urban organic aerosol emissions (oleic acid, sodium oleate & fructose) during humidity change & ozone exposure. We demonstrate that self-assembly of fatty acid nanostructures can impact on water uptake & chemical reactivity affecting atmospheric lifetimes, urban air quality (protecting harmful emissions from degradation and enabling their long-range transport) & climate (affecting cloud formation) with implications for human health.
Xingjun Fan, Ao Cheng, Xufang Yu, Tao Cao, Dan Chen, Wenchao Ji, Yongbing Cai, Fande Meng, Jianzhong Song, and Ping'an Peng
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 3769–3783, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-3769-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-3769-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Molecular-level characteristics of high molecular weight (HMW) and low MW (LMW) humic-like substances (HULIS) were comprehensively investigated, where HMW HULIS had larger chromophores and larger molecular size than LMW HULIS and exhibited higher aromaticity and humification. Electrospray ionization high-resolution mass spectrometry revealed more aromatic molecules in HMW HULIS. HMW HULIS had more CHON compounds, while LMW HULIS had more CHO compounds.
Daniel A. Knopf, Markus Ammann, Thomas Berkemeier, Ulrich Pöschl, and Manabu Shiraiwa
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 3445–3528, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-3445-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-3445-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The initial step of interfacial and multiphase chemical processes involves adsorption and desorption of gas species. This study demonstrates the role of desorption energy governing the residence time of the gas species at the environmental interface. A parameterization is formulated that enables the prediction of desorption energy based on the molecular weight, polarizability, and oxygen-to-carbon ratio of the desorbing chemical species. Its application to gas–particle interactions is discussed.
Feng Jiang, Kyla Siemens, Claudia Linke, Yanxia Li, Yiwei Gong, Thomas Leisner, Alexander Laskin, and Harald Saathoff
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 2639–2649, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-2639-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-2639-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We investigated the optical properties, chemical composition, and formation mechanisms of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) and brown carbon (BrC) from the oxidation of indole with and without NO2 in the Aerosol Interaction and Dynamics in the Atmosphere (AIDA) simulation chamber. This work is one of the very few to link the optical properties and chemical composition of indole SOA with and without NO2 by simulation chamber experiments.
Evangelia Kostenidou, Baptiste Marques, Brice Temime-Roussel, Yao Liu, Boris Vansevenant, Karine Sartelet, and Barbara D'Anna
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 2705–2729, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-2705-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-2705-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Secondary organic aerosol (SOA) from gasoline vehicles can be a significant source of particulate matter in urban areas. Here the chemical composition of secondary volatile organic compounds and SOA produced by photo-oxidation of Euro 5 gasoline vehicle emissions was studied. The volatility of the SOA formed was calculated. Except for the temperature and the concentration of the aerosol, additional parameters may play a role in the gas-to-particle partitioning.
András Hoffer, Aida Meiramova, Ádám Tóth, Beatrix Jancsek-Turóczi, Gyula Kiss, Ágnes Rostási, Erika Andrea Levei, Luminita Marmureanu, Attila Machon, and András Gelencsér
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 1659–1671, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-1659-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-1659-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Specific tracer compounds identified previously in controlled test burnings of different waste types in the laboratory were detected and quantified in ambient PM10 samples collected in five Hungarian and four Romanian settlements. Back-of-the-envelope calculations based on the relative emission factors of individual tracers suggested that the contribution of solid waste burning particulate emissions to ambient PM10 mass concentrations may be as high as a few percent.
Xiao-San Luo, Weijie Huang, Guofeng Shen, Yuting Pang, Mingwei Tang, Weijun Li, Zhen Zhao, Hanhan Li, Yaqian Wei, Longjiao Xie, and Tariq Mehmood
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 1345–1360, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-1345-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-1345-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
PM2.5 are air pollutants threatening health globally, but they are a mixture of chemical compositions from many sources and result in unequal toxicity. Which composition from which source of PM2.5 as the most hazardous object is a question hindering effective pollution control policy-making. With chemical and toxicity experiments, we found automobile exhaust and coal combustion to be priority emissions with higher toxic compositions for precise air pollution control, ensuring public health.
Matthew B. Goss and Jesse H. Kroll
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 1299–1314, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-1299-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-1299-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The chemistry driving dimethyl sulfide (DMS) oxidation and subsequent sulfate particle formation in the atmosphere is poorly constrained. We oxidized two related compounds (dimethyl sulfoxide and dimethyl disulfide) in the laboratory under varied NOx conditions and measured the gas- and particle-phase products. These results demonstrate that both the OH addition and OH abstraction pathways for DMS oxidation contribute to particle formation via mechanisms that do not involve the SO2 intermediate.
Ryan J. Patnaude, Kathryn A. Moore, Russell J. Perkins, Thomas C. J. Hill, Paul J. DeMott, and Sonia M. Kreidenweis
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 911–928, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-911-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-911-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
In this study we examined the effect of atmospheric aging on sea spray aerosols (SSAs) to form ice and how newly formed secondary marine aerosols (SMAs) may freeze at cirrus temperatures (< −38 °C). Results show that SSAs freeze at different relative humidities (RHs) depending on the temperature and that the ice-nucleating ability of SSA was not hindered by atmospheric aging. SMAs are shown to freeze at high RHs and are likely inefficient at forming ice at cirrus temperatures.
Bartłomiej Witkowski, Priyanka Jain, Beata Wileńska, and Tomasz Gierczak
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 663–688, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-663-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-663-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This article reports the results of the kinetic measurements for the aqueous oxidation of the 29 aliphatic alcohols by hydroxyl radical (OH) at different temperatures. The data acquired and the literature data were used to optimize a model for predicting the aqueous OH reactivity of alcohols and carboxylic acids and to estimate the atmospheric lifetimes of five terpenoic alcohols. The kinetic data provided new insights into the mechanism of aqueous oxidation of aliphatic molecules by the OH.
Junting Qiu, Xinlin Shen, Jiangyao Chen, Guiying Li, and Taicheng An
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 155–166, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-155-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-155-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We studied reactions of secondary ozonides (SOZs) with amines. SOZs formed from ozonolysis of β-caryophyllene and α-humulene are found to be reactive to ethylamine and methylamine. Products from SOZs with various conformations reacting with the same amine had different functional groups. Our findings indicate that interaction of SOZs with amines in the atmosphere is very complicated, which is potentially a hitherto unrecognized source of N-containing compound formation.
Lan Ma, Reed Worland, Laura Heinlein, Chrystal Guzman, Wenqing Jiang, Christopher Niedek, Keith J. Bein, Qi Zhang, and Cort Anastasio
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 1–21, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-1-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-1-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We measured concentrations of three photooxidants – the hydroxyl radical, triplet excited states of organic carbon, and singlet molecular oxygen – in fine particles collected over a year. Concentrations are highest in extracts of fresh biomass burning particles, largely because they have the highest particle concentrations and highest light absorption. When normalized by light absorption, rates of formation for each oxidant are generally similar for the four particle types we observed.
Adolfo González-Romero, Cristina González-Flórez, Agnesh Panta, Jesús Yus-Díez, Cristina Reche, Patricia Córdoba, Natalia Moreno, Andres Alastuey, Konrad Kandler, Martina Klose, Clarissa Baldo, Roger N. Clark, Zongbo Shi, Xavier Querol, and Carlos Pérez García-Pando
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 15815–15834, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-15815-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-15815-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The effect of dust emitted from desertic surfaces upon climate and ecosystems depends on size and mineralogy, but data from soil mineral atlases of desert soils are scarce. We performed particle-size distribution, mineralogy, and Fe speciation in southern Morocco. Results show coarser particles with high quartz proportion are near the elevated areas, while in depressed areas, sizes are finer, and proportions of clays and nano-Fe oxides are higher. This difference is important for dust modelling.
Victor Lannuque, Barbara D'Anna, Evangelia Kostenidou, Florian Couvidat, Alvaro Martinez-Valiente, Philipp Eichler, Armin Wisthaler, Markus Müller, Brice Temime-Roussel, Richard Valorso, and Karine Sartelet
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 15537–15560, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-15537-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-15537-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Large uncertainties remain in understanding secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation from toluene oxidation. In this study, speciation measurements in gaseous and particulate phases were carried out, providing partitioning and volatility data on individual toluene SOA components at different temperatures. A new detailed oxidation mechanism was developed to improve modeled speciation, and effects of different processes involved in gas–particle partitioning at the molecular scale are explored.
Xiaoliang Wang, Hatef Firouzkouhi, Judith C. Chow, John G. Watson, Steven Sai Hang Ho, Warren Carter, and Alexandra S. M. De Vos
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 15375–15393, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-15375-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-15375-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Open burning of municipal solid waste emits chemicals that are harmful to the environment. This paper reports source profiles and emission factors for PM2.5 species and acidic/alkali gases from laboratory combustion of 10 waste categories (including plastics and biomass) that represent open burning in South Africa. Results will be useful for health and climate impact assessments, speciated emission inventories, source-oriented dispersion models, and receptor-based source apportionment.
Jun Zhang, Kun Li, Tiantian Wang, Erlend Gammelsæter, Rico K. Y. Cheung, Mihnea Surdu, Sophie Bogler, Deepika Bhattu, Dongyu S. Wang, Tianqu Cui, Lu Qi, Houssni Lamkaddam, Imad El Haddad, Jay G. Slowik, Andre S. H. Prevot, and David M. Bell
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 14561–14576, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-14561-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-14561-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We conducted burning experiments to simulate various types of solid fuel combustion, including residential burning, wildfires, agricultural burning, cow dung, and plastic bag burning. The chemical composition of the particles was characterized using mass spectrometers, and new potential markers for different fuels were identified using statistical analysis. This work improves our understanding of emissions from solid fuel burning and offers support for refined source apportionment.
Hyun Gu Kang, Yanfang Chen, Yoojin Park, Thomas Berkemeier, and Hwajin Kim
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 14307–14323, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-14307-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-14307-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
D5 is an emerging anthropogenic pollutant that is ubiquitous in indoor and urban environments, and the OH oxidation of D5 forms secondary organosiloxane aerosol (SOSiA). Application of a kinetic box model that uses a volatility basis set (VBS) showed that consideration of oxidative aging (aging-VBS) predicts SOSiA formation much better than using a standard-VBS model. Ageing-dependent parameterization is needed to accurately model SOSiA to assess the implications of siloxanes for air quality.
Kai Song, Rongzhi Tang, Jingshun Zhang, Zichao Wan, Yuan Zhang, Kun Hu, Yuanzheng Gong, Daqi Lv, Sihua Lu, Yu Tan, Ruifeng Zhang, Ang Li, Shuyuan Yan, Shichao Yan, Baoming Fan, Wenfei Zhu, Chak K. Chan, Maosheng Yao, and Song Guo
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 13585–13595, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-13585-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-13585-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Incense burning is common in Asia, posing threats to human health and air quality. However, less is known about its emissions and health risks. Full-volatility organic species from incense-burning smoke are detected and quantified. Intermediate-volatility volatile organic compounds (IVOCs) are crucial organics accounting for 19.2 % of the total emission factors (EFs) and 40.0 % of the secondary organic aerosol (SOA) estimation, highlighting the importance of incorporating IVOCs into SOA models.
Qianqian Gao, Shengqiang Zhu, Kaili Zhou, Jinghao Zhai, Shaodong Chen, Qihuang Wang, Shurong Wang, Jin Han, Xiaohui Lu, Hong Chen, Liwu Zhang, Lin Wang, Zimeng Wang, Xin Yang, Qi Ying, Hongliang Zhang, Jianmin Chen, and Xiaofei Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 13049–13060, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-13049-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-13049-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Dust is a major source of atmospheric aerosols. Its chemical composition is often assumed to be similar to the parent soil. However, this assumption has not been rigorously verified. Dust aerosols are mainly generated by wind erosion, which may have some chemical selectivity. Mn, Cd and Pb were found to be highly enriched in fine-dust (PM2.5) aerosols. In addition, estimation of heavy metal emissions from dust generation by air quality models may have errors without using proper dust profiles.
Daniel C. O. Thornton, Sarah D. Brooks, Elise K. Wilbourn, Jessica Mirrielees, Alyssa N. Alsante, Gerardo Gold-Bouchot, Andrew Whitesell, and Kiana McFadden
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 12707–12729, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-12707-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-12707-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
A major uncertainty in our understanding of clouds and climate is the sources and properties of the aerosol on which clouds grow. We found that aerosol containing organic matter from fast-growing marine phytoplankton was a source of ice-nucleating particles (INPs). INPs facilitate freezing of ice crystals at warmer temperatures than otherwise possible and therefore change cloud formation and properties. Our results show that ecosystem processes and the properties of sea spray aerosol are linked.
Adam Milsom, Shaojun Qi, Ashmi Mishra, Thomas Berkemeier, Zhenyu Zhang, and Christian Pfrang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 10835–10843, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-10835-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-10835-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Aerosols and films are found indoors and outdoors. Our study measures and models reactions of a cooking aerosol proxy with the atmospheric oxidant ozone relying on a low-cost but sensitive technique based on mass changes and film rigidity. We found that film morphology changed and film rigidity increased with evidence of surface crust formation during ozone exposure. Our modelling results demonstrate clear potential to take this robust method to the field for reaction monitoring.
Shan Zhang, Lin Du, Zhaomin Yang, Narcisse Tsona Tchinda, Jianlong Li, and Kun Li
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 10809–10822, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-10809-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-10809-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
In this study, we have investigated the distinct impacts of humidity on the ozonolysis of two structurally different monoterpenes (limonene and Δ3-carene). We found that the molecular structure of precursors can largely influence the SOA formation under high RH by impacting the multi-generation reactions. Our results could advance knowledge on the roles of water content in aerosol formation and inform ongoing research on particle environmental effects and applications in models.
Yangzhihao Zhan, Min Xie, Wei Zhao, Tijian Wang, Da Gao, Pulong Chen, Jun Tian, Kuanguang Zhu, Shu Li, Bingliang Zhuang, Mengmeng Li, Yi Luo, and Runqi Zhao
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 9837–9852, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-9837-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-9837-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Although the main source contribution of pollution is secondary inorganic aerosols in Nanjing, health risks mainly come from industry sources and vehicle emissions. Therefore, the development of megacities should pay more attention to the health burden of vehicle emissions, coal combustion, and industrial processes. This study provides new insight into assessing the relationship between source apportionment and health risks and can provide valuable insight into air pollution strategies.
Jonathan P. D. Abbatt and A. R. Ravishankara
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 9765–9785, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-9765-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-9765-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
With important climate and air quality impacts, atmospheric multiphase chemistry involves gas interactions with aerosol particles and cloud droplets. We summarize the status of the field and discuss potential directions for future growth. We highlight the importance of a molecular-level understanding of the chemistry, along with atmospheric field studies and modeling, and emphasize the necessity for atmospheric multiphase chemists to interact widely with scientists from neighboring disciplines.
Zhancong Liang, Zhihao Cheng, Ruifeng Zhang, Yiming Qin, and Chak K. Chan
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 9585–9595, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-9585-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-9585-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
In this study, we found that the photolysis of sodium nitrate leads to a much quicker decay of free amino acids (FAAs, with glycine as an example) in the particle phase than ammonium nitrate photolysis, which is likely due to the molecular interactions between FAAs and different nitrate salts. Since sodium nitrate likely co-exists with FAAs in the coarse-mode particles, particulate nitrate photolysis can possibly contribute to a rapid decay of FAAs and affect atmospheric nitrogen cycling.
Julian Resch, Kate Wolfer, Alexandre Barth, and Markus Kalberer
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 9161–9171, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-9161-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-9161-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Detailed chemical analysis of organic aerosols is necessary to better understand their effects on climate and health. Aerosol samples are often stored for days to months before analysis. We examined the effects of storage conditions (i.e., time, temperature, and aerosol storage on filters or as solvent extracts) on composition and found significant changes in the concentration of individual compounds, indicating that sample storage can strongly affect the detailed chemical particle composition.
Xiaoliang Wang, Hatef Firouzkouhi, Judith C. Chow, John G. Watson, Warren Carter, and Alexandra S. M. De Vos
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 8921–8937, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-8921-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-8921-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Open burning of household and municipal solid waste is a common practice in developing countries and is a significant source of air pollution. However, few studies have measured emissions from open burning of waste. This study determined gas and particulate emissions from open burning of 10 types of household solid-waste materials. These results can improve emission inventories, air quality management, and assessment of the health and climate effects of open burning of household waste.
Anita M. Avery, Mariam Fawaz, Leah R. Williams, Tami Bond, and Timothy B. Onasch
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 8837–8854, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-8837-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-8837-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Pyrolysis is the thermal decomposition of fuels like wood which occurs during combustion or as an isolated process. During combustion, some pyrolysis products are emitted directly, while others are oxidized in the combustion process. This work describes the chemical composition of particle-phase pyrolysis products in order to investigate both the uncombusted emissions from wildfires and the fuel that participates in combustion.
Lan Ma, Reed Worland, Wenqing Jiang, Christopher Niedek, Chrystal Guzman, Keith J. Bein, Qi Zhang, and Cort Anastasio
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 8805–8821, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-8805-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-8805-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Although photooxidants are important in airborne particles, little is known of their concentrations. By measuring oxidants in a series of particle dilutions, we predict their concentrations in aerosol liquid water (ALW). We find •OH concentrations in ALW are on the order of 10−15 M, similar to their cloud/fog values, while oxidizing triplet excited states and singlet molecular oxygen have ALW values of ca. 10−13 M and 10−12 M, respectively, roughly 10–100 times higher than in cloud/fog drops.
Daniel A. Knopf, Peiwen Wang, Benny Wong, Jay M. Tomlin, Daniel P. Veghte, Nurun N. Lata, Swarup China, Alexander Laskin, Ryan C. Moffet, Josephine Y. Aller, Matthew A. Marcus, and Jian Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 8659–8681, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-8659-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-8659-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Ambient particle populations and associated ice-nucleating particles (INPs)
were examined from particle samples collected on board aircraft in the marine
boundary layer and free troposphere in the eastern North Atlantic during
summer and winter. Chemical imaging shows distinct differences in the
particle populations seasonally and with sampling altitudes, which are
reflected in the INP types. Freezing parameterizations are derived for
implementation in cloud-resolving and climate models.
Dandan Liu, Yun Zhang, Shujun Zhong, Shuang Chen, Qiaorong Xie, Donghuan Zhang, Qiang Zhang, Wei Hu, Junjun Deng, Libin Wu, Chao Ma, Haijie Tong, and Pingqing Fu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 8383–8402, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-8383-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-8383-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Based on ultra-high-resolution mass spectrometry analysis, we found that β-pinene oxidation-derived highly oxygenated organic molecules (HOMs) exhibit higher yield at high ozone concentration, while limonene oxidation-derived HOMs exhibit higher yield at moderate ozone concentration. The distinct molecular response of HOMs and low-volatile species in different biogenic secondary organic aerosols to ozone concentrations provides a new clue for more accurate air quality prediction and management.
Mengying Bao, Yan-Lin Zhang, Fang Cao, Yihang Hong, Yu-Chi Lin, Mingyuan Yu, Hongxing Jiang, Zhineng Cheng, Rongshuang Xu, and Xiaoying Yang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 8305–8324, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-8305-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-8305-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The interaction between the sources and molecular compositions of humic-like substances (HULIS) at Nanjing, China, was explored. Significant fossil fuel source contributions to HULIS were found in the 14C results from biomass burnng and traffic emissions. Increasing biogenic secondary organic aerosol (SOA) products and anthropogenic aromatic compounds were detected in summer and winter, respectively.
Molly Frauenheim, Jason D. Surratt, Zhenfa Zhang, and Avram Gold
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 7859–7866, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-7859-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-7859-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We report synthesis of the isoprene-derived photochemical oxidation products trans- and cis-β-epoxydiols in high overall yields from inexpensive, readily available starting compounds. Protection/deprotection steps or time-consuming purification is not required, and the reactions can be scaled up to gram quantities. The procedures provide accessibility of these important compounds to atmospheric chemistry laboratories with only basic capabilities in organic synthesis.
Xiangyun Zhang, Jun Li, Sanyuan Zhu, Junwen Liu, Ping Ding, Shutao Gao, Chongguo Tian, Yingjun Chen, Ping'an Peng, and Gan Zhang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 7495–7502, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-7495-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-7495-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The results show that 14C elemental carbon (EC) was not only related to the isolation method but also to the types and proportions of the biomass sources in the sample. The hydropyrolysis (Hypy) method, which can be used to isolate a highly stable portion of ECHypy and avoid charring, is a more effective and stable approach for the matrix-independent 14C quantification of EC in aerosols, and the 13C–ECHypy and non-fossil ECHypy values of SRM1649b were –24.9 ‰ and 11 %, respectively.
Cited articles
Abou-Ghanem, M., Oliynyk, A. O., Chen, Z. H., Matchett, L. C., McGrath, D. T., Katz, M. J., Locock, A. J., and Styler, S. A.: Significant Variability in the Photocatalytic Activity of Natural Titanium-Containing Minerals: Implications for Understanding and Predicting Atmospheric Mineral Dust Photochemistry, Environ. Sci. Technol., 54, 13509–13516, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.0c05861, 2020.
Agustine, I., Yulinawati, H., Gunawan, D., and Suswantoro, E.: Potential
impact of particulate matter less than 10 micron (PM10) to ambient air
quality of Jakarta and Palembang, Iop C Ser. Earth Env., 106, 012057,
https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/106/1/012057, 2018.
Al-Hosney, H. A. and Grassian, V. H.: Water, sulfur dioxide and nitric acid
adsorption on calcium carbonate: A transmission and ATR-FTIR study, Phys.
Chem. Chem. Phys., 7, 1266–1276, https://doi.org/10.1039/b417872f, 2005.
Al-Salihi, A. M. and Mohammed, T. H.: The effect of dust storms on some
meteorological elements over Baghdad, Iraq: Study Cases, IOSR Journal of
Applied Physics, 7, Ver. II PP 01-07, https://iosrjournals.org/iosr-jap/papers/Vol7-issue2/Version-2/A07220107.pdf (last access: 12 July 2022), 2015.
Balachandran, U. and Eror, N. G.: Raman-Spectra Of Titanium-Dioxide, J.
Sol. State Chem., 42, 276–282, https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-4596(82)90006-8, 1982.
Baltrusaitis, J., Schuttlefield, J., Zeitler, E., and Grassian, V. H.:
Carbon dioxide adsorption on oxide nanoparticle surfaces, Chem. Eng. J.,
170, 471–481, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2010.12.041, 2011.
Bao, H., Yu, S., and Tong, D. Q.: Massive volcanic SO2 oxidation and
sulphate aerosol deposition in Cenozoic North America, Nature, 465, 909–912,
https://doi.org/10.1038/nature09100, 2010.
Bauer, S. E. and Koch, D.: Impact of heterogeneous sulfate formation at
mineral dust surfaces on aerosol loads and radiative forcing in the Goddard
Institute for Space Studies general circulation model, J. Geophys. Res.,
110, D17202, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005jd005870, 2005.
Behrman, E. J.: Degradation kinetics and mechanism of aniline by
heat-assisted persulfate oxidation Comment, J. Environ. Sci. China, 64,
352–352, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jes.2018.02.008, 2018.
Beig, G. and Brasseur, G. P.: Model of tropospheric ion composition: A first
attempt, J. Geophys. Res., 105, 22671–22684, https://doi.org/10.1029/2000JD900119, 2000.
Bhattacharya, A., Amitabha, D., and Mandal, P. C.: Carbonate radical induced
polymerisation of pyrrole: A steady state and flash photolysis study, J.
Radioanal. Nucl. Ch., 230, 91–95, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02387452, 1998.
Bisby, R. H., Johnson, S. A., Parker, A. W., and Tavender, S. M.:
Time-resolved resonance Raman spectroscopy of the carbonate radical, J.
Chem. Soc. Faraday Trans., 94, 2069–2072, https://doi.org/10.1039/A801239C, 1998.
Busset, C., Mazellier, P., Sarakha, M., and De Laat, J.: Photochemical
generation of carbonate radicals and their reactivity with phenol, J.
Photoch. Photobio. A, 185, 127–132, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jphotochem.2006.04.045, 2007.
Buxton, G. V., Greenstock, C. L., Helman, W. P., and Ross, A. B.: Critical
Review of rate constants for reactions of hydrated electrons, hydrogen atoms
and hydroxyl radicals (⚫OH/⚫O− in aqueous
solution, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 17, 513–886, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.555805, 2009.
Cao, J. J., Lee, S. C., Zhang, X. Y., Chow, J. C., An, Z. S., Ho, K. F.,
Watson, J. G., Fung, K., Wang, Y. Q., and Shen, Z. X.: Characterization of
airborne carbonate over a site near Asian dust source regions during spring
2002 and its climatic and environmental significance, J. Geophys. Res., 110,
1–8, https://doi.org/10.1029/2004JD005244, 2005.
Chameides, W. L. and Davis, D. D.: The Free-Radical chemistry of cloud
droplets and its impact upon the composition of rain, J. Geophs Res.-Oceans,
87, 4863–4877, https://doi.org/10.1029/JC087iC07p04863, 1982.
Chandrasekaran, K. and Thomas, J. K.: Photochemical reduction of carbonate
to formaldehyde on TiO2 powder, Chem. Phys. Lett., 99, 7–10, https://doi.org/10.1016/0009-2614(83)80259-0, 1983.
Chen, H. H., Nanayakkara, C. E., and Grassian, V. H.: Titanium Dioxide
Photocatalysis in Atmospheric Chemistry, Chem. Rev., 112, 5919–5948,
https://doi.org/10.1021/cr3002092, 2012.
Chen, Y., Tong, S. R., Li, W. R., Liu, Y. P., Tan, F., Ge, M. F., Xie, X.
F., and Sun, J.: Photocatalytic Oxidation of SO2 by TiO2: Aerosol
Formation and the Key Role of Gaseous Reactive Oxygen Species, Environ. Sci.
Technol., 55, 9784–9793, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.1c01608, 2021.
Cheung, K., Daher, N., Kam, W., Shafer, M. M., Ning, Z., Schauer, J. J., and
Sioutas, C.: Spatial and temporal variation of chemical composition and mass
closure of ambient coarse particulate matter (PM10–2.5) in the Los Angeles area, Atmos. Environ., 45, 2651–2662, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2011.02.066, 2011.
Cope, V. W., Chen, S.-N., and Hoffman, M. Z.: Intermediates in the
photochemistry of of carbonato-amine complexes of cobalt(III). carbonate(-)
radicals and the aquocarbonato complex, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 95, 3116–3121,
https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00791a005, 1973
Csavina, J., Field, J., Felix, O., Corral-Avitia, A. Y., Saez, A. E., and
Betterton, E. A.: Effect of wind speed and relative humidity on atmospheric
dust concentrations in semi-arid climates, Sci. Total Envrion., 487, 82–90, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.03.138, 2014.
Cwiertny, D. M., Young, M. A., and Grassian, V. H.: Chemistry and
photochemistry of mineral dust aerosol, Annu. Rev. Phys. Chem., 59, 27–51,
https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.physchem.59.032607.093630, 2008.
Das, T. N.: Reactivity and role of SO
Deng, Y., Liu, Y., Wang, T., Cheng, H., Feng, Y., Yang, Y., and Zhang, L.:
Photochemical reaction of CO2 on atmospheric mineral dusts, Atmos.
Environ., 223, 117222, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2019.117222, 2020.
Dong, X., Fu, J. S., Huang, K., Tong, D., and Zhuang, G.: Model development of dust emission and heterogeneous chemistry within the Community Multiscale Air Quality modeling system and its application over East Asia, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 8157–8180, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-8157-2016, 2016.
Dupart, Y., King, S. M., Nekat, B., Nowak, A., Wiedensohler, A., Herrmann,
H., David, G., Thomas, B., Miffre, A., Rairoux, P., D'Anna, B., and George,
C.: Mineral dust photochemistry induces nucleation events in the presence of
SO2, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 109, 20842–20847, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1212297109, 2012.
Duran, A., Monteagudo, J. M., Martin, I. S., Merino, S., Chen, X., and Shi,
X.: Solar photo-degradation of aniline with rGO/TiO2 composites and
persulfate, Sci. Total Envrion., 697, 134086, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134086, 2019.
El Zein, A., Romanias, M. N., and Bedjanian, Y.: Kinetics and Products of
Heterogeneous Reaction of HONO with Fe2O3 and Arizona Test Dust,
Environ. Sci. Technol., 47, 6325–6331, https://doi.org/10.1021/es400794c, 2013.
Ervens, B., George, C., Williams, J. E., Buxton, G. V., Salmon, G. A.,
Bydder, M., Wilkinson, F., Dentener, F., Mirabel, P., Wolke, R., and
Herrmann, H.: CAPRAM 2.4 (MODAC mechanism): An extended and condensed
tropospheric aqueous phase mechanism and its application, J. Geophys. Res.,
108, 4426, https://doi.org/10.1029/2002jd002202, 2003.
Fang, T., Guo, H., Zeng, L., Verma, V., Nenes, A., and Weber, R. J.: Highly
Acidic Ambient Particles, Soluble Metals, and Oxidative Potential: A Link
between Sulfate and Aerosol Toxicity, Environ. Sci. Technol., 51, 2611–2620,
https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.6b06151, 2017.
Fang, X., Liu, Y., Kejian, Tao, W., Yue, D., Yiqing, F., Yang, Y., Cheng,
H., Chen, J., and liwu, Z.: Atmospheric Nitrate Formation through Oxidation
by carbonate radical, ACS Earth Space Chem., 5, 1801–1811, https://doi.org/10.1021/acsearthspacechem.1c00169, 2021.
Feng, T., Bei, N. F., Zhao, S. Y., Wu, J. R., Li, X., Zhang, T., Cao, J. J.,
Zhou, W. J., and Li, G. H.: Wintertime nitrate formation during haze days in
the Guanzhong basin, China: A case study, Environ. Pollut., 243, 1057–1067,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2018.09.069, 2018.
Ferrer-Sueta, G., Vitturi, D., Batinic-Haberle, I., Fridovich, I.,
Goldstein, S., Czapski, G., and Radi, R.: Reactions of manganese porphyrins
with peroxynitrite and carbonate radical anion, J. Biol. Chem., 278,
27432–27438, https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M213302200, 2003.
Gankanda, A., Coddens, E. M., Zhang, Y. P., Cwiertny, D. M., and Grassian,
V. H.: Sulfate formation catalyzed by coal fly ash, mineral dust and
iron(III) oxide: variable influence of temperature and light, Environ.
Sci.-Proc. Imp., 18, 1484–1491, https://doi.org/10.1039/c6em00430j, 2016.
Ge, W., Liu, J., Yi, K., Xu, J., Zhang, Y., Hu, X., Ma, J., Wang, X., Wan, Y., Hu, J., Zhang, Z., Wang, X., and Tao, S.: Influence of atmospheric in-cloud aqueous-phase chemistry on the global simulation of SO2 in CESM2, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 16093–16120, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-16093-2021, 2021.
Ghalei, M., Ma, J., Schmidhammer, U., Vandenborre, J., Fattahi, M., and
Mostafavi, M.: Picosecond pulse radiolysis of highly concentrated carbonate
solutions, J. Phys. Chem. B, 120, 2434–2439, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcb.5b12405, 2016.
Goldstein, S., Czapski, G., Lind, J., and Merényi, G.: Carbonate radical
ion is the only observable intermediate in the reaction of peroxynitrite
with CO2, Chem. Res. Toxicol., 14, 1273–1276, https://doi.org/10.1021/tx0100845, 2001.
Graedel, T. E. and Weschler, C. J.: Chemistry within Aqueous Atmospheric
Aerosols And Raindrops, J. Geophys. Res., 19, 505–539, https://doi.org/10.1029/RG019i004p00505, 1981.
Hanisch, F. and Crowley, J. N.: Ozone decomposition on Saharan dust: an experimental investigation, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 3, 119–130, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-3-119-2003, 2003.
Hayon, E., Treinin, A., and Wilf, J.: Electronic spectra, photochemistry,
and autoxidation mechanism of the sulfite-bisulfite-pyrosulfite systems.
SO
He, J., Xu, H. H., Balasubramanian, R., Chan, C. Y., and Wang, C. J.:
Comparison of NO2 and SO2 Measurements Using Different Passive Samplers in Tropical Environment, Aerosol Air Qual. Res., 14, 355–363, https://doi.org/10.4209/aaqr.2013.02.0055, 2014.
Herrmann, H., Ervens, B., Jacobi, H. W., Wolke, R., Nowacki, P., and
Zellner, R.: CAPRAM2.3: A chemical aqueous phase radical mechanism for
tropospheric chemistry, J. Atmos. Chem., 36, 231–284, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1006318622743, 2000.
Hossain, M. D., Huang, Y., Yu, T. H., Goddard Iii, W. A., and Luo, Z.:
Reaction mechanism and kinetics for CO2 reduction on nickel single atom
catalysts from quantum mechanics, Nat. Commun., 11, 2256, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-16119-6, 2020.
Huang, H. L., Chao, W., and Lin, J. J. M.: Kinetics of a Criegee
intermediate that would survive high humidity and may oxidize atmospheric
SO2, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 112, 10857–10862, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1513149112, 2015.
Huang, J. P. and Mabury, S. A.: Steady-state concentrations of carbonate
radicals in field waters, Environ. Toxicol. Chem., 19, 2181–2188, https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.5620190906, 2000.
Huang, L., An, J., Koo, B., Yarwood, G., Yan, R., Wang, Y., Huang, C., and Li, L.: Sulfate formation during heavy winter haze events and the potential contribution from heterogeneous SO2 + NO2 reactions in the Yangtze River Delta region, China, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 14311–14328, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-14311-2019, 2019.
Huang, X., Song, Y., Zhao, C., Li, M. M., Zhu, T., Zhang, Q., and Zhang, X.
Y.: Pathways of sulfate enhancement by natural and anthropogenic mineral
aerosols in China, J. Geophys. Res., 119, 14165–14179, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014jd022301, 2014.
Hung, H. M. and Hoffmann, M. R.: Oxidation of Gas-Phase SO2 on the
Surfaces of Acidic Microdroplets: Implications for Sulfate and Sulfate
Radical Anion Formation in the Atmospheric Liquid Phase, Environ. Sci.
Technol., 49, 13768–13776, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.5b01658, 2015.
Hung, H. M., Hsu, M. N., and Hoffmann, M. R.: Quantification of SO2
oxidation on interfacial surfaces of acidic micro-droplets: Implication for
ambient sulfate formation, Environ. Sci. Technol., 52, 9079–9086, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.8b01391, 2018.
Itahashi, S., Yamaji, K., Chatani, S., and Hayami, H.: Refinement of Modeled
Aqueous-Phase Sulfate Production via the Fe- and Mn-Catalyzed Oxidation
Pathway, Atmosphere, 9, 132, https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos9040132, 2018.
Kerminen, V. M., Hillamo, R., Teinilä, K., Pakkanen, T., Allegrini, I.,
and Sparapani, R.: Ion balances of size-resolved tropospheric aerosol
samples: implications for the acidity and atmospheric processing of
aerosols, Atmos. Environ., 35, 5255–5265, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1352-2310(01)00345-4, 2001.
Kim, H., Zhang, Q., and Heo, J.: Influence of intense secondary aerosol formation and long-range transport on aerosol chemistry and properties in the Seoul Metropolitan Area during spring time: results from KORUS-AQ, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 7149–7168, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-7149-2018, 2018.
Koelemeijer, R., Homan, C. D., and Matthijsen, J.: Comparison of spatial and
temporal variations of aerosol optical thickness and particulate matter over
Europe, Atmos. Environ., 40, 5304–5315, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2006.04.044, 2006.
Kong, L. D., Zhao, X., Sun, Z. Y., Yang, Y. W., Fu, H. B., Zhang, S. C., Cheng, T. T., Yang, X., Wang, L., and Chen, J. M.: The effects of nitrate on the heterogeneous uptake of sulfur dioxide on hematite, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 9451–9467, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-9451-2014, 2014.
Lehtipalo, K., Rondo, L., Kontkanen, J., Schobesberger, S., Jokinen, T.,
Sarnela, N., Kürten, A., Ehrhart, S., Franchin, A., Nieminen, T.,
Riccobono, F., Sipilä, M., Yli-Juuti, T., Duplissy, J., Adamov, A.,
Ahlm, L., Almeida, J., Amorim, A., Bianchi, F., Breitenlechner, M., Dommen,
J., Downard, A. J., Dunne, E. M., Flagan, R. C., Guida, R., Hakala, J.,
Hansel, A., Jud, W., Kangasluoma, J., Kerminen, V.-M., Keskinen, H., Kim,
J., Kirkby, J., Kupc, A., Kupiainen-Määttä, O., Laaksonen, A.,
Lawler, M. J., Leiminger, M., Mathot, S., Olenius, T., Ortega, I. K.,
Onnela, A., Petäjä, T., Praplan, A., Rissanen, M. P., Ruuskanen, T.,
Santos, F. D., Schallhart, S., Schnitzhofer, R., Simon, M., Smith, J. N.,
Tröstl, J., Tsagkogeorgas, G., Tomé, A., Vaattovaara, P.,
Vehkamäki, H., Vrtala, A. E., Wagner, P. E., Williamson, C., Wimmer, D.,
Winkler, P. M., Virtanen, A., Donahue, N. M., Carslaw, K. S., Baltensperger,
U., Riipinen, I., Curtius, J., Worsnop, D. R., and Kulmala, M.: The effect
of acid-base clustering and ions on the growth of atmospheric
nano-particles, Nat. Commun., 7, 11594, https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms11594, 2016.
Li, B. Q., Ma, X. Y., Li, Q. S., Chen, W. Z., Deng, J., Li, G. X., Chen, G.
Y., and Liao, W. C.: Factor affecting the role of radicals contribution at
different wavelengths, degradation pathways and toxicity during
UV-LED/chlorine process, Chem. Eng. J., 392, 124552, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2020.124552, 2020.
Li, K. J., Kong, L. D., Zhanzakova, A., Tong, S. Y., Shen, J. D., Wang, T.,
Chen, L., Li, Q., Fu, H. B., and Zhang, L. W.: Heterogeneous conversion of
SO2 on nano alpha-Fe2O3: the effects of morphology, light
illumination and relative humidity, Environ. Sci. Nano., 6, 1838–1851,
https://doi.org/10.1039/c9en00097f, 2019.
Li, L., Chen, Z. M., Zhang, Y. H., Zhu, T., Li, S., Li, H. J., Zhu, L. H.,
and Xu, B. Y.: Heterogeneous oxidation of sulfur dioxide by ozone on the
surface of sodium chloride and its mixtures with other components, J.
Geophys. Res., 112, D18301, https://doi.org/10.1029/2006jd008207, 2007.
Li, W. J., Shao, L. Y., Shi, Z. B., Chen, J. M., Yang, L. X., Yuan, Q., Yan,
C., Zhang, X. Y., Wang, Y. Q., Sun, J. Y., Zhang, Y. M., Shen, X. J., Wang,
Z. F., and Wang, W. X.: Mixing state and hygroscopicity of dust and haze
particles before leaving Asian continent, J. Geophys. Res., 119, 1044–1059, https://doi.org/10.1002/2013jd021003, 2014.
Li, X., Yu, J., and Jaroniec, M.: Hierarchical photocatalysts, Chem. Soc.
Rev., 45, 2603–2636, https://doi.org/10.1039/c5cs00838g, 2016.
Li, X. R., Wang, L. L., Ji, D. S., Wen, T. X., Pan, Y. P., Sun, Y., and
Wang, Y. S.: Characterization of the size-segregated water-soluble inorganic
ions in the Jing-Jin-Ji urban agglomeration: Spatial/temporal variability,
size distribution and sources, Atmos. Environ., 77, 250–259,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2013.03.042, 2013.
Liao, L. F., Lien, C. F., Shieh, D. L., Chen, M. T., and Lin, J. L.: FTIR
study of adsorption and photoassisted oxygen isotopic exchange of carbon
monoxide, carbon dioxide, carbonate, and formate on TiO2, J. Phys.
Chem. B, 106, 11240–11245, https://doi.org/10.1021/jp0211988, 2002.
Liu, J. R., Ning, A., Liu, L., Wang, H. X., Kurten, T., and Zhang, X. H.: A
pH dependent sulfate formation mechanism caused by hypochlorous acid in the
marine atmosphere, Sci. Total Envrion., 787, 147551, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147551, 2021.
Liu, P., Ye, C., Xue, C., Zhang, C., Mu, Y., and Sun, X.: Formation mechanisms of atmospheric nitrate and sulfate during the winter haze pollution periods in Beijing: gas-phase, heterogeneous and aqueous-phase chemistry, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 4153–4165, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-4153-2020, 2020.
Liu, T., Hong, Y., Li, M., Xu, L., Chen, J., Bian, Y., Yang, C., Dan, Y., Zhang, Y., Xue, L., Zhao, M., Huang, Z., and Wang, H.: Atmospheric oxidation capacity and ozone pollution mechanism in a coastal city of southeastern China: analysis of a typical photochemical episode by an observation-based model, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 2173–2190, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-2173-2022, 2022.
Liu, T. Y. and Abbatt, J. P. D.: Oxidation of sulfur dioxide by nitrogen
dioxide accelerated at the interface of deliquesced aerosol particles, Nat.
Chem., 13, 1173–1177, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41557-021-00777-0, 2021.
Liu, T. Y., Clegg, S. L., and Abbatt, J. P. D.: Fast oxidation of sulfur
dioxide by hydrogen peroxide in deliquesced aerosol particles, P. Natl.
Acad. Sci. USA, 117, 1354–1359, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1916401117, 2020.
Liu, X. C., Tang, W. J., Chen, H. N., Guo, J. M., Tripathee, L., and Huang,
J.: Observational Study of Ground-Level Ozone in the Desert Atmosphere, B.
Environ. Contam. Tox., 108, 219–224, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00128-021-03444-9, 2022.
Liu, Y., Wang, T., Fang, X., Deng, Y., Cheng, H., Fu, H., and Zhang, L.:
Impact of greenhouse gas CO2 on the heterogeneous reaction of SO2
on Alpha-Al2O3, Chinese Chem. Lett., 31, 2712–2716, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cclet.2020.04.037, 2020.
Liu, Y. Q., He, X. X., Duan, X. D., Fu, Y. S., and Dionysiou, D. D.:
Photochemical degradation of oxytetracycline: Influence of pH and role of
carbonate radical, Chem. Eng. J., 276, 113–121, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2015.04.048, 2015.
Liu, Z. R., Xie, Y. Z., Hu, B., Wen, T. X., Xin, J. Y., Li, X. R., and Wang,
Y. S.: Size-resolved aerosol water-soluble ions during the summer and winter
seasons in Beijing: Formation mechanisms of secondary inorganic aerosols,
Chemosphere, 183, 119–131, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.05.095, 2017.
Long, S. L., Zeng, J. R., Li, Y., Bao, L. M., Cao, L. L., Liu, K., Xu, L.,
Lin, J., Liu, W., Wang, G. H., Yao, J., Ma, C. Y., and Zhao, Y. D.:
Characteristics of secondary inorganic aerosol and sulfate species in
size-fractionated aerosol particles in Shanghai, J. Environ. Sci. China, 26,
1040–1051, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1001-0742(13)60521-5, 2014.
Mahajan, A. S., Li, Q., Inamdar, S., Ram, K., Badia, A., and Saiz-Lopez, A.: Modelling the impacts of iodine chemistry on the northern Indian Ocean marine boundary layer, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 8437–8454, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-8437-2021, 2021.
McNaughton, C. S., Clarke, A. D., Kapustin, V., Shinozuka, Y., Howell, S. G., Anderson, B. E., Winstead, E., Dibb, J., Scheuer, E., Cohen, R. C., Wooldridge, P., Perring, A., Huey, L. G., Kim, S., Jimenez, J. L., Dunlea, E. J., DeCarlo, P. F., Wennberg, P. O., Crounse, J. D., Weinheimer, A. J., and Flocke, F.: Observations of heterogeneous reactions between Asian pollution and mineral dust over the Eastern North Pacific during INTEX-B, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 8283–8308, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-8283-2009, 2009.
Merouani, S., Hamdaoui, O., Saoudi, F., Chiha, M., and Petrier, C.:
Influence of bicarbonate and carbonate ions on sonochemical degradation of
Rhodamine B in aqueous phase, J. Hazard Mater., 175, 593–599, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.10.046, 2010.
Miller-Schulze, J. P., Shafer, M., Schauer, J. J., Heo, J., Solomon, P. A.,
Lantz, J., Artamonova, M., Chen, B., Imashev, S., and Sverdlik, L.: Seasonal
contribution of mineral dust and other major components to particulate
matter at two remote sites in Central Asia, Atmos. Environ., 119, 11–20,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2015.07.011, 2015.
Mogili, P. K., Kleiber, P. D., Young, M. A., and Grassian, V. H.:
Heterogeneous uptake of ozone on reactive components of mineral dust
aerosol: an environmental aerosol reaction chamber study, J. Phys. Chem. A,
110, 13799–13807, https://doi.org/10.1021/jp063620g, 2006.
Möller, F.: On the influence of changes in the CO2 concentration in
air on the radiation balance of the Earth's surface and on the climate, J.
Geophys. Res., 68, 3877–3886, https://doi.org/10.1029/JZ068i013p03877, 1964.
Najafpour, N., Afshin, H., and Firoozabadi, B.: Dust concentration over a
semi-arid region: Parametric study and establishment of new empirical
models, Atmos. Res., 243, 104995, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2020.104995, 2020.
Nanayakkara, C. E., Larish, W. A., and Grassian, V. H.: Titanium dioxide
nanoparticle surface reactivity with atmospheric gases, CO2, SO2,
and NO2: roles of surface hydroxyl groups and adsorbed water in the
formation and stability of adsorbed products, J. Phys. Chem. C, 118,
23011–23021, https://doi.org/10.1021/jp504402z, 2014.
Neta, P. and Huie, R. E.: Free-radical chemistry of sulfite, Environ. Health
Persp., 64, 209–217, https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.8564209, 1985.
Nie, W., Wang, T., Xue, L. K., Ding, A. J., Wang, X. F., Gao, X. M., Xu, Z., Yu, Y. C., Yuan, C., Zhou, Z. S., Gao, R., Liu, X. H., Wang, Y., Fan, S. J., Poon, S., Zhang, Q. Z., and Wang, W. X.: Asian dust storm observed at a rural mountain site in southern China: chemical evolution and heterogeneous photochemistry, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 11985–11995, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-11985-2012, 2012.
Palmer, C. D. and Cherry, J. A.: Geochemical Evolution of Groundwater in
Sequences of Sedimentary-Rocks, J. Hydrol., 75, 27–65, https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1694(84)90045-3, 1984.
Peters, S. J. and Ewing, G. E.: Water on Salt: An Infrared Study of Adsorbed
H2O on NaCl (100) under Ambient Conditions, J. Phys. Chem. B, 101,
10880–10886, https://doi.org/10.1021/jp972810b, 1997.
Rodriguez, J. A., Hanson, J., and Chupas, P.: In-Situ Characterization of Heterogeneous Catalysts, Focus on Catal. 8, Hoboken, New Jersey, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118355923, 2013.
Rubasinghege, G., Elzey, S., Baltrusaitis, J., Jayaweera, P. M., and
Grassian, V. H.: Reactions on Atmospheric Dust Particles: Surface
Photochemistry and Size-Dependent Nanoscale Redox Chemistry, J. Phys. Chem.
Lett., 1, 1729–1737, https://doi.org/10.1021/jz100371d, 2010.
Salama, S. B., Natarajan, C., Nogami, G., and Kennedy, J. H.: The role of
reducing agent in oxidation reactions of water on illuminated TiO2
electrodes, J. Electrochem. Soc., 142, 806–810, https://doi.org/10.1149/1.2048539, 1995.
Samuni, A., Goldstein, S., Russo, A., Mitchell, J. B., Krishna, M. C., and
Neta, P.: Kinetics and mechanism of hydroxyl radical and OH-adduct radical
reactions with nitroxides and with their hydroxylamines, J. Am. Chem. Soc.,
124, 8719–8724, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja017587h, 2002.
Shafirovich, V., Dourandin, A., Huang, W., and Geacintov, N. E.: The
carbonate radical is a site-selective oxidizing agent of guanine in
double-stranded oligonucleotides, J. Biol. Chem., 276, 24621–24626,
https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M101131200, 2001.
Shang, J., Li, J., and Zhu, T.: Heterogeneous reaction of SO2 on
TiO2 particles, Sci. China Chem., 53, 2637–2643, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11426-010-4160-3, 2010.
Song, X., Li, J., Shao, L., Zheng, Q., and Zhang, D.: Inorganic ion
chemistry of local particulate matter in a populated city of North China at
light, medium, and severe pollution levels, Sci. Total Envrion., 650,
566–574, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.09.033, 2018.
Stenman, D., Carlsson, M., Jonsson, M., and Reitberger, T.: Reactivity of
the carbonate radical anion towards carbohydrate and lignin model compounds,
J. Wood Chem. Technol., 23, 47–69, https://doi.org/10.1081/Wct-120018615, 2003.
Stevenson, D. S., Zhao, A., Naik, V., O'Connor, F. M., Tilmes, S., Zeng, G., Murray, L. T., Collins, W. J., Griffiths, P. T., Shim, S., Horowitz, L. W., Sentman, L. T., and Emmons, L.: Trends in global tropospheric hydroxyl radical and methane lifetime since 1850 from AerChemMIP, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 12905–12920, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-12905-2020, 2020.
Stone, R.: Air pollution. Counting the cost of London's killer smog,
Science, 298, 2106–2107, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.298.5601.2106b, 2002.
Su, H., Cheng, Y., Zheng, G., Wei, C., Mu, Q., Zheng, B., Wang, Z., Zhang,
Q., He, K., and Carmichael, G.: Reactive nitrogen chemistry in aerosol water
as a source of sulfate during haze events in China, Sci. Adv., 2, e1601530,
https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1601530, 2016.
Su, W. G., Zhang, J., Feng, Z. C., Chen, T., Ying, P. L., and Li, C.:
Surface phases of TiO2 nanoparticles studied by UV Raman spectroscopy
and FT-IR spectroscopy, J. Phys. Chem. C, 112, 7710–7716, https://doi.org/10.1021/jp7118422, 2008.
Sullivan, R. C., Guazzotti, S. A., Sodeman, D. A., and Prather, K. A.: Direct observations of the atmospheric processing of Asian mineral dust, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 1213–1236, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-7-1213-2007, 2007.
Sulzberger, B., Canonica, S., Egli, T., Giger, W., Klausen, J., and Gunten,
U. v.: Oxidative transformations of contaminants in natural and in technical
systems, Chimia, 51, 900–907, https://doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/20101105003, 1997.
Sun, P., Tyree, C., and Huang, C. H.: Inactivation of Escherichia coli,
Bacteriophage MS2, and Bacillus Spores under UV
Ta, W. Q., Xiao, Z., Qu, J. J., Yang, G. S., and Wang, T.: Characteristics
of dust particles from the desert/Gobi area of northwestern China during
dust-storm periods, Environ. Geol., 43, 667–679, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00254-002-0673-1, 2003.
Tang, M. J., Cziczo, D. J., and Grassian, V. H.: Interactions of Water with
Mineral Dust Aerosol: Water Adsorption, Hygroscopicity, Cloud Condensation,
and Ice Nucleation, Chem. Rev., 116, 4205–4259, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00529, 2016.
Wang, X. M., Huang, X., Zuo, C. Y., and Hu, H. Y.: Kinetics of quinoline
degradation by O3/UV in aqueous phase, Chemosphere, 55, 733–741,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2003.11.019, 2004.
Wang, Y., Wan, Q., Meng, W., Liao, F., Tan, H., and Zhang, R.: Long-term impacts of aerosols on precipitation and lightning over the Pearl River Delta megacity area in China, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 12421–12436, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-12421-2011, 2011.
Wang, Y., Zhuang, G. S., Tang, A. H., Yuan, H., Sun, Y. L., Chen, S. A., and
Zheng, A. H.: The ion chemistry and the source of PM2.5 aerosol in Beijing, Atmos. Environ., 39, 3771–3784, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2005.03.013, 2005.
Wang, Y. X., Zhang, Q. Q., Jiang, J. K., Zhou, W., Wang, B. Y., He, K. B.,
Duan, F. K., Zhang, Q., Philip, S., and Xie, Y. Y.: Enhanced sulfate
formation during China's severe winter haze episode in January 2013 missing
from current models, J. Geophys. Res., 119, 10425–10440, https://doi.org/10.1002/2013jd021426, 2014.
Watanabe, K., Yang, L., Nakamura, S., Otani, T., and Mori, K.: Volcanic
Impact of Nishinoshima Eruptions in Summer 2020 on the Atmosphere over
Central Japan: Results from Airborne Measurements of Aerosol and Trace
Gases, Sola, 17, 109–112, https://doi.org/10.2151/sola.2021-017, 2020.
Wei, J., Yu, H., Wang, Y., and Verma, V.: Complexation of Iron and Copper in
Ambient Particulate Matter and Its Effect on the Oxidative Potential
Measured in a Surrogate Lung Fluid, Environ. Sci. Technol., 53, 1661–1671,
https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.8b05731, 2019.
Witkowska, A., Lewandowska, A. U., Saniewska, D., and Falkowska, L. M.:
Effect of agriculture and vegetation on carbonaceous aerosol concentrations
(PM2.5 and PM10) in Puszcza Borecka National Nature Reserve (Poland), Air Qual. Atmos. Hlth., 9, 761–773, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11869-015-0378-8, 2016.
Wojnarovits, L., Toth, T., and Takacs, E.: Rate constants of carbonate
radical anion reactions with molecules of environmental interest in aqueous
solution: A review, Sci. Total Envrion., 717, 137219, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137219, 2020.
Wu, C., Zhang, S., Wang, G., Lv, S., Li, D., Liu, L., Li, J., Liu, S., Du,
W., Meng, J., Qiao, L., Zhou, M., Huang, C., and Wang, H.: Efficient
Heterogeneous Formation of Ammonium Nitrate on the Saline Mineral Particle
Surface in the Atmosphere of East Asia during Dust Storm Periods, Environ.
Sci. Technol., 54, 15622–15630, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.0c04544, 2020.
Wu, D., Fan, Z., Ge, X., Meng, Y., Xia, J., Liu, G., and Li, F.: Chemical
and Light Extinction Characteristics of Atmospheric Aerosols in Suburban
Nanjing, China, Atmosphere-Basel, 8, 149, https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos8080149, 2017.
Wu, L. Y., Tong, S. R., Wang, W. G., and Ge, M. F.: Effects of temperature on the heterogeneous oxidation of sulfur dioxide by ozone on calcium carbonate, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 6593–6605, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-6593-2011, 2011.
Wu, Q., Tang, X., Kong, L., Dao, X., Lu, M. M., Liu, Z. R., Wang, W., Wang,
Q., Chen, D. H., Wu, L., Pan, X. L., Li, J., Zhu, J., and Wang, Z. F.:
Evaluation and Bias Correction of the Secondary Inorganic Aerosol Modeling
over North China Plain in Autumn and Winter, Atmosphere, 12, 578, https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos12050578, 2021.
Xia, D. M., Zhang, X. R., Chen, J. W., Tong, S. R., Xie, H. B., Wang, Z. Y.,
Xu, T., Ge, M. F., and Allen, D. T.: Heterogeneous Formation of HONO
Catalyzed by CO2, Environ. Sci. Technol., 55, 12215–12222, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.1c02706, 2021.
Xiong, X. Q., Zhang, X., and Xu, Y. M.: Incorporative Effect of Pt and
Na2CO3 on TiO2-Photocatalyzed Degradation of Phenol in Water,
J. Phys. Chem. C, 120, 25689–25696, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcc.6b07951, 2016.
Yan, J. F., Peng, J. L., Lai, L. D., Ji, F. Z., Zhang, Y. H., Lai, B., Chen,
Q. X., Yao, G., Chen, X., and Song, L. P.: Activation CuFe2O4 by
Hydroxylamine for Oxidation of Antibiotic Sulfamethoxazole, Environ. Sci.
Technol., 52, 14302–14310, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.8b03340, 2018.
Yan, S. W., Liu, Y. J., Lian, L. S., Li, R., Ma, J. Z., Zhou, H. X., and
Song, W. H.: Photochemical formation of carbonate radical and its reaction
with dissolved organic matters, Water Res., 161, 288–296, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2019.06.002, 2019.
Yermakov, A. N. and Purmal, A. P.: Iron-catalyzed oxidation of sulfite: From
established results to a new understanding, Prog. React. Kinet. Mec., 28,
189–255, https://doi.org/10.3184/007967403103165503, 2003.
Yu, T., Zhao, D., Song, X., and Zhu, T.: NO2-initiated multiphase oxidation of SO2 by O2 on CaCO3 particles, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 6679–6689, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-6679-2018, 2018.
Yu, Z. C., Jang, M. S., Kim, S., Bae, C., Koo, B. Y., Beardsley, R., Park,
J., Chang, L. S., Lee, H. C., Lim, Y. K., and Cho, J. H.: Simulating the
Impact of Long-Range-Transported Asian Mineral Dust on the Formation of
Sulfate and Nitrate during the KORUS-AQ Campaign, ACS Earth Space Chem., 4,
1039–1049, https://doi.org/10.1021/acsearthspacechem.0c00074, 2020.
Zhang, G. S., He, X. X., Nadagouda, M. N., O'Shea, K. E., and Dionysiou, D.
D.: The effect of basic pH and carbonate ion on the mechanism of
photocatalytic destruction of cylindrospermopsin, Water Res., 73, 353–361,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2015.01.011, 2015.
Zhang, T., Cao, J. J., Tie, X. X., Shen, Z. X., Liu, S. X., Ding, H., Han,
Y. M., Wang, G. H., Ho, K. F., Qiang, J., and Li, W. T.: Water-soluble ions
in atmospheric aerosols measured in Xi'an, China: Seasonal variations and
sources, Atmos. Res., 102, 110–119, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2011.06.014, 2011.
Zhang, Y. and Carmichael, G. R.: The role of mineral aerosol in tropospheric
chemistry in East Asia – A model study, J Appl Meteorol, 38, 353–366, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0450(1999)038<0353:Tromai>2.0.Co;2, 1999.
Zheng, B., Zhang, Q., Zhang, Y., He, K. B., Wang, K., Zheng, G. J., Duan, F. K., Ma, Y. L., and Kimoto, T.: Heterogeneous chemistry: a mechanism missing in current models to explain secondary inorganic aerosol formation during the January 2013 haze episode in North China, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 2031–2049, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-2031-2015, 2015.
Short summary
Both CO2 and carbonate salt work as the precursor of carbonate radicals, which largely promotes sulfate formation during the daytime. This study provides the first indication that the carbonate radical not only plays a role as an intermediate in tropospheric anion chemistry but also as a strong oxidant for the surface processing of trace gas in the atmosphere. CO2, carbponate radicals, and sulfate receive attention from those looking at the environment, atmosphere, aerosol, and photochemistry.
Both CO2 and carbonate salt work as the precursor of carbonate radicals, which largely promotes...
Altmetrics
Final-revised paper
Preprint