Articles | Volume 20, issue 22
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-14321-2020
© Author(s) 2020. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-14321-2020
© Author(s) 2020. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
24 Nov 2020
Research article |
| 24 Nov 2020
| 24 Nov 2020
Tracing the evolution of morphology and mixing state of soot particles along with the movement of an Asian dust storm
Liang Xu
Department of Atmospheric Sciences, School of Earth Sciences, Zhejiang
University, Hangzhou 310027, China
Satoshi Fukushima
Faculty of Environmental and Symbiotic Sciences, Prefectural
University of Kumamoto, Kumamoto 862-8502, Japan
Sophie Sobanska
Institute of Molecular Sciences, UMR CNRS 5255, University of
Bordeaux, 351 Cours de la Libération, 33405 Talence, France
Kotaro Murata
Faculty of Environmental and Symbiotic Sciences, Prefectural
University of Kumamoto, Kumamoto 862-8502, Japan
Ayumi Naganuma
Faculty of Environmental and Symbiotic Sciences, Prefectural
University of Kumamoto, Kumamoto 862-8502, Japan
Department of Atmospheric Sciences, School of Earth Sciences, Zhejiang
University, Hangzhou 310027, China
Yuanyuan Wang
Department of Atmospheric Sciences, School of Earth Sciences, Zhejiang
University, Hangzhou 310027, China
Hongya Niu
Key Laboratory of Resource Exploration Research of Hebei Province,
Hebei University of Engineering, Handan 056038, Hebei, China
Zongbo Shi
School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of
Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
Tomoko Kojima
Department Earth and Environmental Science, Faculty of Advanced
Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan
Daizhou Zhang
Faculty of Environmental and Symbiotic Sciences, Prefectural
University of Kumamoto, Kumamoto 862-8502, Japan
Department of Atmospheric Sciences, School of Earth Sciences, Zhejiang
University, Hangzhou 310027, China
Related authors
Yanhong Zhu, Weijun Li, Yue Wang, Jian Zhang, Lei Liu, Liang Xu, Jingsha Xu, Jinhui Shi, Longyi Shao, Pingqing Fu, Daizhou Zhang, and Zongbo Shi
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 2191–2202, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-2191-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-2191-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The solubilities of iron in fine particles in a megacity in Eastern China were studied under haze, fog, dust, clear, and rain weather conditions. For the first time, a receptor model was used to quantify the sources of dissolved and total iron aerosol. Microscopic analysis further confirmed the aging of iron aerosol during haze and fog conditions that facilitated dissolution of insoluble iron.
Liang Xu, Xiaohuan Liu, Huiwang Gao, Xiaohong Yao, Daizhou Zhang, Lei Bi, Lei Liu, Jian Zhang, Yinxiao Zhang, Yuanyuan Wang, Qi Yuan, and Weijun Li
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 17715–17726, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-17715-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-17715-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We quantified different types of marine aerosols and explored the Cl depletion of sea salt aerosol (SSA) in the eastern China seas and the northwestern Pacific Ocean. We found that anthropogenic acidic gases in the troposphere were transported longer distances compared to the anthropogenic aerosols and could significantly impact remote marine aerosols. Meanwhile, variations of chloride depletion in SSA can serve as a potential indicator for anthropogenic gaseous pollutants in remote marine air.
Lei Liu, Jian Zhang, Yinxiao Zhang, Yuanyuan Wang, Liang Xu, Qi Yuan, Dantong Liu, Yele Sun, Pingqing Fu, Zongbo Shi, and Weijun Li
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 2251–2265, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-2251-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-2251-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We found that large numbers of light-absorbing primary organic particles with high viscosity, especially tarballs, from domestic coal and biomass burning occurred in rural and even urban hazes in the winter of North China. For the first time, we characterized the atmospheric aging process of these burning-related primary organic particles by microscopic analysis and further evaluated their light absorption enhancement resulting from the “lensing effect” of secondary inorganic coatings.
Yuxuan Qi, Wenshuai Li, Wen Qu, Haizhou Zhang, Wenqing Zhu, Jinhui Shi, Daizhou Zhang, Yanjing Zhang, Lifang Sheng, Wencai Wang, Yunhui Zhao, Yuanyuan Ma, Danyang Ren, Guanru Wu, Xinfeng Wang, Xiaohong Yao, and Yang Zhou
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-4005, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-4005, 2025
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (ACP).
Short summary
Short summary
The Yellow-Bohai Sea region lies downwind of heavily polluted East Asia. Research reveals how land and ship pollution impact coastal air in Qingdao and nearby seas. Ship and coal emissions worsen marine air quality, with summer zinc and arsenic levels exceeding land. Spring carries city pollution seaward, summer pushes ship emissions ashore. Using 81 air samples, the study shows seasonal shifts between dust, industry & combustion sources, highlighting growing human impacts on marine ecosystems.
Juncheng Qian, Thomas Wynn, Bowen Liu, Yuli Shan, Suzanne E. Bartington, Francis D. Pope, Yuqing Dai, and Zongbo Shi
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-3839, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-3839, 2025
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for Atmospheric Measurement Techniques (AMT).
Short summary
Short summary
We developed a multi-stage AutoML calibration framework to improve low-cost indoor PM2.5 sensor accuracy. Using chamber tests with varied emission sources, the method corrected drift, humidity effects, and non-linear responses, raising R2 above 0.9 and halving RMSE. The approach enables reliable, scalable indoor air quality monitoring for research and public health applications.
Tenglong Shi, Jiayao Wang, Daizhou Zhang, Jiecan Cui, Zihang Wang, Yue Zhou, Wei Pu, Yang Bai, Zhigang Han, Meng Liu, Yanbiao Liu, Hongbin Xie, Minghui Yang, Ying Li, Meng Gao, and Xin Wang
The Cryosphere, 19, 2821–2835, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-19-2821-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-19-2821-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
This study examines the properties of dust in snow in Changchun, China, using advanced technology to analyze its size, shape, and light absorption. We found that dust composition affects how much heat is absorbed by snow, with certain minerals, such as hematite, making snowmelt faster. Our research highlights the importance of creating clear standards for classifying dust, which could improve climate models and field observations. This work helps better understand dust's role in climate change.
Claudia Di Biagio, Elisa Bru, Avila Orta, Servanne Chevaillier, Clarissa Baldo, Antonin Bergé, Mathieu Cazaunau, Sandra Lafon, Sophie Nowak, Edouard Pangui, Meinrat O. Andreae, Pavla Dagsson-Waldhauserova, Kebonyethata Dintwe, Konrad Kandler, James S. King, Amelie Chaput, Gregory S. Okin, Stuart Piketh, Thuraya Saeed, David Seibert, Zongbo Shi, Earle Williams, Pasquale Sellitto, and Paola Formenti
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-3512, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-3512, 2025
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (ACP).
Short summary
Short summary
Spectroscopy measurements show that the absorbance of dust in the far-infrared up to 25 μm is comparable in intensity to that in the mid-infrared (3–15μm) suggesting its relevance for dust direct radiative effect. Data evidence different absorption signatures for high and low/mid latitude dust, due to differences in mineralogical composition. These differences could be used to characterise the mineralogy and differentiate the origin of airborne dust based on infrared remote sensing observations.
Tianyu Zhang, Yizhu Chen, Huanhuan Zhang, Lei Liu, Chengpeng Huang, Zhengyang Fang, Yifan Zhang, Fu Wang, Lan Luo, Guohua Zhang, Xinming Wang, and Mingjin Tang
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-2235, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-2235, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
This work investigated seasonal variations of aerosol Al solubility for supermicron and submicron particles at two locations in northern China. We conclude that atmospheric chemical processing, in which aerosol liquid water and acidity play vital roles, dictates aerosol Al solubility.
Jishnu Pandamkulangara Kizhakkethil, Zongbo Shi, Anna Bogush, and Ivan Kourtchev
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 5947–5958, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-5947-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-5947-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Pollution with per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) has received attention due to their environmental persistence and bioaccumulation, but their sources remain poorly understood. PM10 (particulate matter) collected above a scaled-down activated sludge tank treating domestic sewage in the UK was analysed for a range of short-, medium-, and long-chain PFAS. Eight PFAS were detected in the PM10. Our results suggest that wastewater treatment processes, i.e. activated sludge aeration, could aerosolise PFAS into airborne PM.
Yuqing Dai, Bowen Liu, Chengxu Tong, David Carslaw, Robert MacKenzie, and Zongbo Shi
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-1376, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-1376, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Air pollution causes millions of deaths annually, driving policies to improve air quality. However, assessing these policies is challenging because weather changes can hide their true impact. We created a logical evaluation framework and found that a widely applied machine learning approach that adjusts for weather effects could underestimate the effectiveness of short-term policies, like emergency traffic controls. We proposed a refined approach that could largely reduce such underestimation.
Haibiao Chen, Caiqing Yan, Liubin Huang, Lin Du, Yang Yue, Xinfeng Wang, Qingcai Chen, Mingjie Xie, Junwen Liu, Fengwen Wang, Shuhong Fang, Qiaoyun Yang, Hongya Niu, Mei Zheng, Yan Wu, and Likun Xue
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 3647–3667, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-3647-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-3647-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
A comprehensive understanding of the optical properties of brown carbon (BrC) is essential to accurately assess its climatic effects. Based on multi-site spectroscopic measurements, this study demonstrated the significant spatial heterogeneity in the optical and structural properties of water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC) in different regions of China and revealed factors affecting WSOC light absorption and the relationship between fluorophores and light absorption of WSOC.
Xiansheng Liu, Xun Zhang, Marvin Dufresne, Tao Wang, Lijie Wu, Rosa Lara, Roger Seco, Marta Monge, Ana Maria Yáñez-Serrano, Marie Gohy, Paul Petit, Audrey Chevalier, Marie-Pierre Vagnot, Yann Fortier, Alexia Baudic, Véronique Ghersi, Grégory Gille, Ludovic Lanzi, Valérie Gros, Leïla Simon, Heidi Héllen, Stefan Reimann, Zoé Le Bras, Michelle Jessy Müller, David Beddows, Siqi Hou, Zongbo Shi, Roy M. Harrison, William Bloss, James Dernie, Stéphane Sauvage, Philip K. Hopke, Xiaoli Duan, Taicheng An, Alastair C. Lewis, James R. Hopkins, Eleni Liakakou, Nikolaos Mihalopoulos, Xiaohu Zhang, Andrés Alastuey, Xavier Querol, and Thérèse Salameh
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 625–638, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-625-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-625-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
This study examines BTEX (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylenes) pollution in urban areas across seven European countries. Analyzing data from 22 monitoring sites, we found traffic and industrial activities significantly impact BTEX levels, with peaks during rush hours. The risk from BTEX exposure remains moderate, especially in high-traffic and industrial zones, highlighting the need for targeted air quality management to protect public health and improve urban air quality.
Alex Rowell, James Brean, David C. S. Beddows, Zongbo Shi, Avinash Kumar, Matti Rissanen, Miikka Dal Maso, Peter Mettke, Kay Weinhold, Maik Merkel, and Roy M. Harrison
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 10349–10361, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-10349-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-10349-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Ions enhance the formation and growth rates of new particles, affecting the Earth's radiation budget. Despite these effects, there is little published data exploring the sources of ions in the urban environment and their role in new particle formation (NPF). Here we show that natural ion sources dominate in urban environments, while traffic is a secondary source. Ions contribute up to 12.7 % of the formation rate of particles, indicating that they are important for forming urban PM.
Romanos Foskinis, Ghislain Motos, Maria I. Gini, Olga Zografou, Kunfeng Gao, Stergios Vratolis, Konstantinos Granakis, Ville Vakkari, Kalliopi Violaki, Andreas Aktypis, Christos Kaltsonoudis, Zongbo Shi, Mika Komppula, Spyros N. Pandis, Konstantinos Eleftheriadis, Alexandros Papayannis, and Athanasios Nenes
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 9827–9842, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-9827-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-9827-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Analysis of modeling, in situ, and remote sensing measurements reveals the microphysical state of orographic clouds and their response to aerosol from the boundary layer and free troposphere. We show that cloud response to aerosol is robust, as predicted supersaturation and cloud droplet number levels agree with those determined from in-cloud measurements. The ability to determine if clouds are velocity- or aerosol-limited allows for novel model constraints and remote sensing products.
Alex Rowell, James Brean, David C. S. Beddows, Tuukka Petäjä, Máté Vörösmarty, Imre Salma, Jarkko V. Niemi, Hanna E. Manninen, Dominik van Pinxteren, Thomas Tuch, Kay Weinhold, Zongbo Shi, and Roy M. Harrison
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 9515–9531, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-9515-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-9515-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Different sources of airborne particles in the atmospheres of four European cities were distinguished by recognising their particle size distributions using a statistical procedure, positive matrix factorisation. The various sources responded differently to the changes in emissions associated with COVID-19 lockdowns, and the reasons are investigated. While traffic emissions generally decreased, particles formed from reactions of atmospheric gases decreased in some cities but increased in others.
Beth S. Nelson, Zhenze Liu, Freya A. Squires, Marvin Shaw, James R. Hopkins, Jacqueline F. Hamilton, Andrew R. Rickard, Alastair C. Lewis, Zongbo Shi, and James D. Lee
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 9031–9044, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-9031-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-9031-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The impact of combined air quality and carbon neutrality policies on O3 formation in Beijing was investigated. Emissions inventory data were used to estimate future pollutant mixing ratios relative to ground-level observations. O3 production was found to be most sensitive to changes in alkenes, but large reductions in less reactive compounds led to larger reductions in future O3 production. This study highlights the importance of understanding the emissions of organic pollutants.
Wenshuai Li, Yuxuan Qi, Yingchen Liu, Guanru Wu, Yanjing Zhang, Jinhui Shi, Wenjun Qu, Lifang Sheng, Wencai Wang, Daizhou Zhang, and Yang Zhou
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 6495–6508, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-6495-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-6495-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Aerosol particles from mainland can transport to oceans and deposit, providing soluble Fe and affecting phytoplankton growth. Thus, we studied the dissolution process of aerosol Fe and found that photochemistry played a key role in promoting Fe dissolution in clean conditions. RH-dependent reactions were more influential in slightly polluted conditions. These results highlight the distinct roles of two weather-related parameters (radiation and RH) in influencing geochemical cycles related to Fe.
Jianghao Li, Alastair C. Lewis, Jim R. Hopkins, Stephen J. Andrews, Tim Murrells, Neil Passant, Ben Richmond, Siqi Hou, William J. Bloss, Roy M. Harrison, and Zongbo Shi
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 6219–6231, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-6219-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-6219-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
A summertime ozone event at an urban site in Birmingham is sensitive to volatile organic compounds (VOCs) – particularly those of oxygenated VOCs. The roles of anthropogenic VOC sources in urban ozone chemistry are examined by integrating the 1990–2019 national atmospheric emission inventory into model scenarios. Road transport remains the most powerful means of further reducing ozone in this case study, but the benefits may be offset if solvent emissions of VOCs continue to increase.
Xiao-San Luo, Weijie Huang, Guofeng Shen, Yuting Pang, Mingwei Tang, Weijun Li, Zhen Zhao, Hanhan Li, Yaqian Wei, Longjiao Xie, and Tariq Mehmood
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 1345–1360, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-1345-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-1345-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
PM2.5 are air pollutants threatening health globally, but they are a mixture of chemical compositions from many sources and result in unequal toxicity. Which composition from which source of PM2.5 as the most hazardous object is a question hindering effective pollution control policy-making. With chemical and toxicity experiments, we found automobile exhaust and coal combustion to be priority emissions with higher toxic compositions for precise air pollution control, ensuring public health.
Adolfo González-Romero, Cristina González-Flórez, Agnesh Panta, Jesús Yus-Díez, Cristina Reche, Patricia Córdoba, Natalia Moreno, Andres Alastuey, Konrad Kandler, Martina Klose, Clarissa Baldo, Roger N. Clark, Zongbo Shi, Xavier Querol, and Carlos Pérez García-Pando
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 15815–15834, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-15815-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-15815-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The effect of dust emitted from desertic surfaces upon climate and ecosystems depends on size and mineralogy, but data from soil mineral atlases of desert soils are scarce. We performed particle-size distribution, mineralogy, and Fe speciation in southern Morocco. Results show coarser particles with high quartz proportion are near the elevated areas, while in depressed areas, sizes are finer, and proportions of clays and nano-Fe oxides are higher. This difference is important for dust modelling.
Qi Yuan, Yuanyuan Wang, Yixin Chen, Siyao Yue, Jian Zhang, Yinxiao Zhang, Liang Xu, Wei Hu, Dantong Liu, Pingqing Fu, Huiwang Gao, and Weijun Li
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 9385–9399, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-9385-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-9385-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This study for the first time found large amounts of liquid–liquid phase separation particles with soot redistributing in organic coatings instead of sulfate cores in the eastern Tibetan Plateau atmosphere. The particle size and the ratio of the organic matter coating thickness to soot size are two of the major possible factors that likely affect the soot redistribution process. The soot redistribution process promoted the morphological compaction of soot particles.
Clarissa Baldo, Paola Formenti, Claudia Di Biagio, Gongda Lu, Congbo Song, Mathieu Cazaunau, Edouard Pangui, Jean-Francois Doussin, Pavla Dagsson-Waldhauserova, Olafur Arnalds, David Beddows, A. Robert MacKenzie, and Zongbo Shi
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 7975–8000, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-7975-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-7975-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This paper presents new shortwave spectral complex refractive index and single scattering albedo data for Icelandic dust. Our results show that the imaginary part of the complex refractive index of Icelandic dust is at the upper end of the range of low-latitude dust. Furthermore, we observed that Icelandic dust is more absorbing towards the near-infrared, which we attribute to its high magnetite content. These findings are important for modeling dust aerosol radiative effects in the Arctic.
Joanna E. Dyson, Lisa K. Whalley, Eloise J. Slater, Robert Woodward-Massey, Chunxiang Ye, James D. Lee, Freya Squires, James R. Hopkins, Rachel E. Dunmore, Marvin Shaw, Jacqueline F. Hamilton, Alastair C. Lewis, Stephen D. Worrall, Asan Bacak, Archit Mehra, Thomas J. Bannan, Hugh Coe, Carl J. Percival, Bin Ouyang, C. Nicholas Hewitt, Roderic L. Jones, Leigh R. Crilley, Louisa J. Kramer, W. Joe F. Acton, William J. Bloss, Supattarachai Saksakulkrai, Jingsha Xu, Zongbo Shi, Roy M. Harrison, Simone Kotthaus, Sue Grimmond, Yele Sun, Weiqi Xu, Siyao Yue, Lianfang Wei, Pingqing Fu, Xinming Wang, Stephen R. Arnold, and Dwayne E. Heard
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 5679–5697, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-5679-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-5679-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The hydroxyl (OH) and closely coupled hydroperoxyl (HO2) radicals are vital for their role in the removal of atmospheric pollutants. In less polluted regions, atmospheric models over-predict HO2 concentrations. In this modelling study, the impact of heterogeneous uptake of HO2 onto aerosol surfaces on radical concentrations and the ozone production regime in Beijing in the summertime is investigated, and the implications for emissions policies across China are considered.
Outi Meinander, Pavla Dagsson-Waldhauserova, Pavel Amosov, Elena Aseyeva, Cliff Atkins, Alexander Baklanov, Clarissa Baldo, Sarah L. Barr, Barbara Barzycka, Liane G. Benning, Bojan Cvetkovic, Polina Enchilik, Denis Frolov, Santiago Gassó, Konrad Kandler, Nikolay Kasimov, Jan Kavan, James King, Tatyana Koroleva, Viktoria Krupskaya, Markku Kulmala, Monika Kusiak, Hanna K. Lappalainen, Michał Laska, Jerome Lasne, Marek Lewandowski, Bartłomiej Luks, James B. McQuaid, Beatrice Moroni, Benjamin Murray, Ottmar Möhler, Adam Nawrot, Slobodan Nickovic, Norman T. O’Neill, Goran Pejanovic, Olga Popovicheva, Keyvan Ranjbar, Manolis Romanias, Olga Samonova, Alberto Sanchez-Marroquin, Kerstin Schepanski, Ivan Semenkov, Anna Sharapova, Elena Shevnina, Zongbo Shi, Mikhail Sofiev, Frédéric Thevenet, Throstur Thorsteinsson, Mikhail Timofeev, Nsikanabasi Silas Umo, Andreas Uppstu, Darya Urupina, György Varga, Tomasz Werner, Olafur Arnalds, and Ana Vukovic Vimic
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 11889–11930, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-11889-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-11889-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
High-latitude dust (HLD) is a short-lived climate forcer, air pollutant, and nutrient source. Our results suggest a northern HLD belt at 50–58° N in Eurasia and 50–55° N in Canada and at >60° N in Eurasia and >58° N in Canada. Our addition to the previously identified global dust belt (GDB) provides crucially needed information on the extent of active HLD sources with both direct and indirect impacts on climate and environment in remote regions, which are often poorly understood and predicted.
Guohua Zhang, Xiaodong Hu, Wei Sun, Yuxiang Yang, Ziyong Guo, Yuzhen Fu, Haichao Wang, Shengzhen Zhou, Lei Li, Mingjin Tang, Zongbo Shi, Duohong Chen, Xinhui Bi, and Xinming Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 9571–9582, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-9571-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-9571-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We show a significant enhancement of nitrate mass fraction in cloud water and relative intensity of nitrate in the cloud residual particles and highlight that hydrolysis of N2O5 serves as the critical route for the in-cloud formation of nitrate, even during the daytime. Given that N2O5 hydrolysis acts as a major sink of NOx in the atmosphere, further model updates may improve our understanding about the processes contributing to nitrate production in cloud and the cycling of odd nitrogen.
Shipra Jain, Ruth M. Doherty, David Sexton, Steven Turnock, Chaofan Li, Zixuan Jia, Zongbo Shi, and Lin Pei
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 7443–7460, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-7443-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-7443-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We provide a range of future projections of winter haze and clear conditions over the North China Plain (NCP) using multiple simulations from a climate model for the high-emission scenario (RCP8.5). The frequency of haze conducive weather is likely to increase whereas the frequency of clear weather is likely to decrease in future. The total number of hazy days for a given winter can be as much as ˜3.5 times higher than the number of clear days over the NCP.
Clarissa Baldo, Akinori Ito, Michael D. Krom, Weijun Li, Tim Jones, Nick Drake, Konstantin Ignatyev, Nicholas Davidson, and Zongbo Shi
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 6045–6066, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-6045-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-6045-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
High ionic strength relevant to the aerosol-water enhanced proton-promoted dissolution of iron in coal fly ash (up to 7 times) but suppressed oxalate-promoted dissolution at low pH (< 3). Fe in coal fly ash dissolved up to 7 times faster than in Saharan dust at low pH. A global model with the updated dissolution rates of iron in coal fly ash suggested a larger contribution of pyrogenic dissolved Fe over regions with a strong impact from fossil fuel combustions.
Ülkü Alver Şahin, Roy M. Harrison, Mohammed S. Alam, David C. S. Beddows, Dimitrios Bousiotis, Zongbo Shi, Leigh R. Crilley, William Bloss, James Brean, Isha Khanna, and Rulan Verma
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 5415–5433, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-5415-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-5415-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Wide-range particle size spectra have been measured in three seasons in Delhi and are interpreted in terms of sources and processes. Condensational growth is a major feature of the fine fraction, and a coarse fraction contributes substantially – but only in summer.
Yanhong Zhu, Weijun Li, Yue Wang, Jian Zhang, Lei Liu, Liang Xu, Jingsha Xu, Jinhui Shi, Longyi Shao, Pingqing Fu, Daizhou Zhang, and Zongbo Shi
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 2191–2202, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-2191-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-2191-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The solubilities of iron in fine particles in a megacity in Eastern China were studied under haze, fog, dust, clear, and rain weather conditions. For the first time, a receptor model was used to quantify the sources of dissolved and total iron aerosol. Microscopic analysis further confirmed the aging of iron aerosol during haze and fog conditions that facilitated dissolution of insoluble iron.
Yingze Tian, Xiaoning Wang, Peng Zhao, Zongbo Shi, and Roy M. Harrison
Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2021-1007, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2021-1007, 2022
Revised manuscript not accepted
Short summary
Short summary
Chemical mass balance (CMB) is a widely used method to apportion the sources of PM2.5. We explore the sensitivity of CMB results to input data of organic markers only (OM-CMB) with a combination of organic and inorganic markers (IOM-CMB), as well as using different chemical profiles for sources. Our results indicate the superiority of combining inorganic and organic tracers and using locally-relevant source profiles in source apportionment of PM.
Liang Xu, Xiaohuan Liu, Huiwang Gao, Xiaohong Yao, Daizhou Zhang, Lei Bi, Lei Liu, Jian Zhang, Yinxiao Zhang, Yuanyuan Wang, Qi Yuan, and Weijun Li
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 17715–17726, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-17715-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-17715-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We quantified different types of marine aerosols and explored the Cl depletion of sea salt aerosol (SSA) in the eastern China seas and the northwestern Pacific Ocean. We found that anthropogenic acidic gases in the troposphere were transported longer distances compared to the anthropogenic aerosols and could significantly impact remote marine aerosols. Meanwhile, variations of chloride depletion in SSA can serve as a potential indicator for anthropogenic gaseous pollutants in remote marine air.
Deepchandra Srivastava, Jingsha Xu, Tuan V. Vu, Di Liu, Linjie Li, Pingqing Fu, Siqi Hou, Natalia Moreno Palmerola, Zongbo Shi, and Roy M. Harrison
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 14703–14724, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-14703-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-14703-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
This study presents the source apportionment of PM2.5 performed by positive matrix factorization (PMF) at urban and rural sites in Beijing. These factors are interpreted as traffic emissions, biomass burning, road and soil dust, coal and oil combustion, and secondary inorganics. PMF failed to resolve some sources identified by CMB and AMS and appears to overestimate the dust sources. Comparison with earlier PMF studies from the Beijing area highlights inconsistent findings using this method.
Gongda Lu, Eloise A. Marais, Tuan V. Vu, Jingsha Xu, Zongbo Shi, James D. Lee, Qiang Zhang, Lu Shen, Gan Luo, and Fangqun Yu
Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2021-428, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2021-428, 2021
Revised manuscript not accepted
Short summary
Short summary
Emission controls were imposed in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei in northern China in autumn-winter 2017. We find that regional PM2.5 targets (15 % decrease relative to previous year) were exceeded. Our analysis shows that decline in precursor emissions only leads to less than half (43 %) the improved air quality. Most of the change (57 %) is due to interannual variability in meteorology. Stricter emission controls may be necessary in years with unfavourable meteorology.
Congbo Song, Manuel Dall'Osto, Angelo Lupi, Mauro Mazzola, Rita Traversi, Silvia Becagli, Stefania Gilardoni, Stergios Vratolis, Karl Espen Yttri, David C. S. Beddows, Julia Schmale, James Brean, Agung Ghani Kramawijaya, Roy M. Harrison, and Zongbo Shi
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 11317–11335, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-11317-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-11317-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We present a cluster analysis of relatively long-term (2015–2019) aerosol aerodynamic volume size distributions up to 20 μm in the Arctic for the first time. The study found that anthropogenic and natural aerosols comprised 27 % and 73 % of the occurrence of the coarse-mode aerosols, respectively. Our study shows that about two-thirds of the coarse-mode aerosols are related to two sea-spray-related aerosol clusters, indicating that sea spray aerosol may more complex in the Arctic environment.
Siqi Hou, Di Liu, Jingsha Xu, Tuan V. Vu, Xuefang Wu, Deepchandra Srivastava, Pingqing Fu, Linjie Li, Yele Sun, Athanasia Vlachou, Vaios Moschos, Gary Salazar, Sönke Szidat, André S. H. Prévôt, Roy M. Harrison, and Zongbo Shi
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 8273–8292, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-8273-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-8273-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
This study provides a newly developed method which combines radiocarbon (14C) with organic tracers to enable source apportionment of primary and secondary fossil vs. non-fossil sources of carbonaceous aerosols at an urban and a rural site of Beijing. The source apportionment results were compared with those by chemical mass balance and AMS/ACSM-PMF methods. Correlations of WINSOC and WSOC with different sources of OC were also performed to elucidate the formation mechanisms of SOC.
Jingsha Xu, Di Liu, Xuefang Wu, Tuan V. Vu, Yanli Zhang, Pingqing Fu, Yele Sun, Weiqi Xu, Bo Zheng, Roy M. Harrison, and Zongbo Shi
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 7321–7341, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-7321-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-7321-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Source apportionment of fine aerosols in an urban site of Beijing used a chemical mass balance (CMB) model. Seven primary sources (industrial/residential coal burning, biomass burning, gasoline/diesel vehicles, cooking and vegetative detritus) explained an average of 75.7 % and 56.1 % of fine OC in winter and summer, respectively. CMB was found to resolve more primary OA sources than AMS-PMF, but the latter apportioned more secondary OA sources.
Steven J. Campbell, Kate Wolfer, Battist Utinger, Joe Westwood, Zhi-Hui Zhang, Nicolas Bukowiecki, Sarah S. Steimer, Tuan V. Vu, Jingsha Xu, Nicholas Straw, Steven Thomson, Atallah Elzein, Yele Sun, Di Liu, Linjie Li, Pingqing Fu, Alastair C. Lewis, Roy M. Harrison, William J. Bloss, Miranda Loh, Mark R. Miller, Zongbo Shi, and Markus Kalberer
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 5549–5573, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-5549-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-5549-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
In this study, we quantify PM2.5 oxidative potential (OP), a metric widely suggested as a potential measure of particle toxicity, in Beijing in summer and winter using four acellular assays. We correlate PM2.5 OP with a comprehensive range of atmospheric and particle composition measurements, demonstrating inter-assay differences and seasonal variation of PM2.5 OP. Using multivariate statistical analysis, we highlight specific particle chemical components and sources that influence OP.
Wenhua Wang, Longyi Shao, Claudio Mazzoleni, Yaowei Li, Simone Kotthaus, Sue Grimmond, Janarjan Bhandari, Jiaoping Xing, Xiaolei Feng, Mengyuan Zhang, and Zongbo Shi
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 5301–5314, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-5301-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-5301-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We compared the characteristics of individual particles at ground level and above the mixed-layer height. We found that the particles above the mixed-layer height during haze periods are more aged compared to ground level. More coal-combustion-related primary organic particles were found above the mixed-layer height. We suggest that the particles above the mixed-layer height are affected by the surrounding areas, and once mixed down to the ground, they might contribute to ground air pollution.
Lei Liu, Jian Zhang, Yinxiao Zhang, Yuanyuan Wang, Liang Xu, Qi Yuan, Dantong Liu, Yele Sun, Pingqing Fu, Zongbo Shi, and Weijun Li
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 2251–2265, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-2251-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-2251-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We found that large numbers of light-absorbing primary organic particles with high viscosity, especially tarballs, from domestic coal and biomass burning occurred in rural and even urban hazes in the winter of North China. For the first time, we characterized the atmospheric aging process of these burning-related primary organic particles by microscopic analysis and further evaluated their light absorption enhancement resulting from the “lensing effect” of secondary inorganic coatings.
Jingsha Xu, Shaojie Song, Roy M. Harrison, Congbo Song, Lianfang Wei, Qiang Zhang, Yele Sun, Lu Lei, Chao Zhang, Xiaohong Yao, Dihui Chen, Weijun Li, Miaomiao Wu, Hezhong Tian, Lining Luo, Shengrui Tong, Weiran Li, Junling Wang, Guoliang Shi, Yanqi Huangfu, Yingze Tian, Baozhu Ge, Shaoli Su, Chao Peng, Yang Chen, Fumo Yang, Aleksandra Mihajlidi-Zelić, Dragana Đorđević, Stefan J. Swift, Imogen Andrews, Jacqueline F. Hamilton, Ye Sun, Agung Kramawijaya, Jinxiu Han, Supattarachai Saksakulkrai, Clarissa Baldo, Siqi Hou, Feixue Zheng, Kaspar R. Daellenbach, Chao Yan, Yongchun Liu, Markku Kulmala, Pingqing Fu, and Zongbo Shi
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 13, 6325–6341, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-6325-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-6325-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
An interlaboratory comparison was conducted for the first time to examine differences in water-soluble inorganic ions (WSIIs) measured by 10 labs using ion chromatography (IC) and by two online aerosol chemical speciation monitor (ACSM) methods. Major ions including SO42−, NO3− and NH4+ agreed well in 10 IC labs and correlated well with ACSM data. WSII interlab variability strongly affected aerosol acidity results based on ion balance, but aerosol pH computed by ISORROPIA II was very similar.
Li Wu, Clara Becote, Sophie Sobanska, Pierre-Marie Flaud, Emilie Perraudin, Eric Villenave, Young-Chul Song, and Chul-Un Ro
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 14103–14122, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-14103-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-14103-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
MBTCA (3-methyl-1,2,3-butanetricarboxylic acid), a second-generation product of monoterpenes, is one of the most relevant tracer compounds for biogenic secondary organic aerosols (SOAs). Laboratory-generated, micrometer-sized, pure-MBTCA, mono-/di-/trisodium MBTCA salts and MBTCA–NaCl mixture aerosol particles were examined systematically to observe their hygroscopic behavior, and it was also observed that the monosodium MBTCA salt aerosols were formed through a reaction between MBTCA and NaCl.
Clarissa Baldo, Paola Formenti, Sophie Nowak, Servanne Chevaillier, Mathieu Cazaunau, Edouard Pangui, Claudia Di Biagio, Jean-Francois Doussin, Konstantin Ignatyev, Pavla Dagsson-Waldhauserova, Olafur Arnalds, A. Robert MacKenzie, and Zongbo Shi
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 13521–13539, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-13521-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-13521-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
We showed that Icelandic dust has a fundamentally different chemical and mineralogical composition from low-latitude dust. In particular, magnetite is as high as 1 %–2 % of the total dust mass. Our results suggest that Icelandic dust may have an important impact on the radiation balance in the subpolar and polar regions.
Sarah S. Steimer, Daniel J. Patton, Tuan V. Vu, Marios Panagi, Paul S. Monks, Roy M. Harrison, Zoë L. Fleming, Zongbo Shi, and Markus Kalberer
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 13303–13318, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-13303-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-13303-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Air pollution is of growing concern due to its negative effect on public health, especially in low- and middle-income countries. This study investigates how the chemical composition of particles in Beijing changes under different measurement conditions (pollution levels, season) to get a better understanding of the sources of this form of air pollution.
Cited articles
Adachi, K., Moteki, N., Kondo, Y., and Igarashi, Y.: Mixing states of
light-absorbing particles measured using a transmission electron microscope
and a single-particle soot photometer in Tokyo, Japan, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 121, 9153–9164, https://doi.org/10.1002/2016JD025153, 2016.
Bond, T. C., Doherty, S. J., Fahey, D. W., Forster, P. M., Berntsen, T.,
DeAngelo, B. J., Flanner, M. G., Ghan, S., Kärcher, B., Koch, D., Kinne,
S., Kondo, Y., Quinn, P. K., Sarofim, M. C., Schultz, M. G., Schulz, M.,
Venkataraman, C., Zhang, H., Zhang, S., Bellouin, N., Guttikunda, S. K.,
Hopke, P. K., Jacobson, M. Z., Kaiser, J. W., Klimont, Z., Lohmann, U.,
Schwarz, J. P., Shindell, D., Storelvmo, T., Warren, S. G., and Zender, C.
S.: Bounding the role of black carbon in the climate system: A scientific
assessment, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 118, 5380–5552,
https://doi.org/10.1002/jgrd.50171, 2013.
Brasil, A. M., Farias, T. L., and Carvalho, M. G.: A recipe for image
characterization of fractal-Like aggregates, J. Aerosol Sci, 30, 1379–1389,
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-8502(99)00026-9, 1999.
Brunamonti, S., Krieger, U. K., Marcolli, C., and Peter, T.: Redistribution
of black carbon in aerosol particles undergoing liquid-liquid phase
separation, Geophys. Res. Lett., 42, 2532–2539,
https://doi.org/10.1002/2014GL062908, 2015.
Buseck, P. R., Adachi, K., Gelencsér, A., Tompa, É., and Pósfai,
M.: Ns-Soot: A Material-Based Term for Strongly Light-Absorbing Carbonaceous
Particles, Aerosol Sci. Technol., 48, 777–788,
https://doi.org/10.1080/02786826.2014.919374, 2014.
Cappa, C. D., Onasch, T. B., Massoli, P., Worsnop, D. R., Bates, T. S.,
Cross, E. S., Davidovits, P., Hakala, J., Hayden, K. L., Jobson, B. T.,
Kolesar, K. R., Lack, D. A., Lerner, B. M., Li, S.-M., Mellon, D., Nuaaman,
I., Olfert, J. S., Petäjä, T., Quinn, P. K., Song, C., Subramanian,
R., Williams, E. J., and Zaveri, R. A.: Radiative Absorption Enhancements
Due to the Mixing State of Atmospheric Black Carbon, Science, 337,
1078–1081, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1223447, 2012.
Chakrabarty, R. K., Moosmüller, H., Garro, M. A., Arnott, W. P., Walker,
J., Susott, R. A., Babbitt, R. E., Wold, C. E., Lincoln, E. N., and Hao, W.
M.: Emissions from the laboratory combustion of wildland fuels: Particle
morphology and size, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 111, D07204,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2005JD006659, 2006.
Chi, J. W., Li, W. J., Zhang, D. Z., Zhang, J. C., Lin, Y. T., Shen, X. J., Sun, J. Y., Chen, J. M., Zhang, X. Y., Zhang, Y. M., and Wang, W. X.: Sea salt aerosols as a reactive surface for inorganic and organic acidic gases in the Arctic troposphere, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 11341–11353, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-11341-2015, 2015.
China, S., Mazzoleni, C., Gorkowski, K., Aiken, A. C., and Dubey, M. K.:
Morphology and mixing state of individual freshly emitted wildfire
carbonaceous particles, Nat. Commun., 4, 2122,
https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms3122, 2013.
China, S., Scarnato, B., Owen, R. C., Zhang, B., Ampadu, M. T., Kumar, S.,
Dzepina, K., Dziobak, M. P., Fialho, P., and Perlinger, J. A.: Morphology
and mixing state of aged soot particles at a remote marine free troposphere
site: Implications for optical properties, Geophys. Res. Lett., 42,
1243–1250, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014GL062404, 2015.
Dahlkötter, F., Gysel, M., Sauer, D., Minikin, A., Baumann, R., Seifert, P., Ansmann, A., Fromm, M., Voigt, C., and Weinzierl, B.: The Pagami Creek smoke plume after long-range transport to the upper troposphere over Europe – aerosol properties and black carbon mixing state, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 6111–6137, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-6111-2014, 2014.
Ding, A. J., Huang, X., Nie, W., Sun, J. N., Kerminen, V. M.,
Petäjä, T., Su, H., Cheng, Y. F., Yang, X. Q., Wang, M. H., Chi, X.
G., Wang, J. P., Virkkula, A., Guo, W. D., Yuan, J., Wang, S. Y., Zhang, R.
J., Wu, Y. F., Song, Y., Zhu, T., Zilitinkevich, S., Kulmala, M., and Fu, C.
B.: Enhanced haze pollution by black carbon in megacities in China, Geophys.
Res. Lett., 43, 2873–2879, https://doi.org/10.1002/2016GL067745, 2016.
Ding, S., Liu, D., Zhao, D., Hu, K., Tian, P., Zhou, W., Huang, M., Yang,
Y., Wang, F., Sheng, J., Liu, Q., Kong, S., Cui, P., Huang, Y., He, H., Coe,
H., and Ding, D.: Size-Related Physical Properties of Black Carbon in the
Lower Atmosphere over Beijing and Europe, Environ. Sci. Technol., 53,
11112–11121, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.9b03722, 2019.
Geng, H., Hwang, H., Liu, X., Dong, S., and Ro, C.-U.: Investigation of aged aerosols in size-resolved Asian dust storm particles transported from Beijing, China, to Incheon, Korea, using low-Z particle EPMA, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 3307–3323, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-3307-2014, 2014.
He, C., Liou, K.-N., Takano, Y., Zhang, R., Levy Zamora, M., Yang, P., Li, Q., and Leung, L. R.: Variation of the radiative properties during black carbon aging: theoretical and experimental intercomparison, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 11967–11980, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-11967-2015, 2015.
Healy, R. M., Riemer, N., Wenger, J. C., Murphy, M., West, M., Poulain, L., Wiedensohler, A., O'Connor, I. P., McGillicuddy, E., Sodeau, J. R., and Evans, G. J.: Single particle diversity and mixing state measurements, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 6289–6299, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-6289-2014, 2014.
IPCC: Clouds and Aerosols, in: Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science
Basis, Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Intergovernmental Panel on
Climate Change (IPCC), Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA, 571–657, 2013.
Jacobson, M. Z.: Strong radiative heating due to the mixing state of black
carbon in atmospheric aerosols, Nature, 409, 695–697,
https://doi.org/10.1038/35055518, 2001.
Koeylue, U., Xing, Y., and Rosner, D. E.: Fractal Morphology Analysis of
Combustion-Generated Aggregates Using Angular Light Scattering and Electron
Microscope Images, Langmuir, 11, 4848–4854,
https://doi.org/10.1021/la00012a043, 1995.
Laskin, A., Moffet, R. C., and Gilles, M. K.: Chemical Imaging of
Atmospheric Particles, Acc. Chem. Res., 52, 3419–3431,
https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.accounts.9b00396, 2019.
Lee, A. K. Y., Rivellini, L.-H., Chen, C.-L., Liu, J., Price, D. J., Betha,
R., Russell, L. M., Zhang, X., and Cappa, C. D.: Influences of Primary
Emission and Secondary Coating Formation on the Particle Diversity and
Mixing State of Black Carbon Particles, Environ. Sci. Technol., 53,
9429–9438, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.9b03064, 2019.
Li, J., Liu, C., Yin, Y., and Kumar, K. R.: Numerical investigation on the
Ångström exponent of black carbon aerosol, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos.,
121, 3506–3518, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015JD024718, 2016a.
Li, W., Zhou, S., Wang, X., Xu, Z., Yuan, C., Yu, Y., Zhang, Q., and Wang,
W.: Integrated evaluation of aerosols from regional brown hazes over
northern China in winter: Concentrations, sources, transformation, and
mixing states, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 116, D09301,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2010JD015099, 2011.
Li, W., Shao, L., Shi, Z., Chen, J., Yang, L., Yuan, Q., Yan, C., Zhang, X.,
Wang, Y., Sun, J., Zhang, Y., Shen, X., Wang, Z., and Wang, W.: Mixing state
and hygroscopicity of dust and haze particles before leaving Asian
continent, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 119, 1044–1059,
https://doi.org/10.1002/2013JD021003, 2014.
Li, W., Sun, J., Xu, L., Shi, Z., Riemer, N., Sun, Y., Fu, P., Zhang, J.,
Lin, Y., Wang, X., Shao, L., Chen, J., Zhang, X., Wang, Z., and Wang, W.: A
conceptual framework for mixing structures in individual aerosol particles,
J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 121, 13784–13798,
https://doi.org/10.1002/2016JD025252, 2016b.
Liu, D., Whitehead, J., Alfarra, M. R., Reyes-Villegas, E., Spracklen, D.
V., Reddington, C. L., Kong, S., Williams, P. I., Ting, Y.-C., Haslett, S.,
Taylor, J. W., Flynn, M. J., Morgan, W. T., McFiggans, G., Coe, H., and
Allan, J. D.: Black-carbon absorption enhancement in the atmosphere
determined by particle mixing state, Nat. Geosci., 10, 184–188,
https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo2901, 2017.
Liu, L., Zhang, J., Xu, L., Yuan, Q., Huang, D., Chen, J., Shi, Z., Sun, Y., Fu, P., Wang, Z., Zhang, D., and Li, W.: Cloud scavenging of anthropogenic refractory particles at a mountain site in North China, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 14681–14693, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-14681-2018, 2018.
Ma, X., Zangmeister, C. D., Gigault, J., Mulholland, G. W., and Zachariah,
M. R.: Soot aggregate restructuring during water processing, J. Aerosol Sci,
66, 209–219, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaerosci.2013.08.001, 2013.
Matsui, H., Hamilton, D. S., and Mahowald, N. M.: Black carbon radiative
effects highly sensitive to emitted particle size when resolving
mixing-state diversity, Nat. Commun., 9, 3446,
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-05635-1, 2018.
Metcalf, A. R., Craven, J. S., Ensberg, J. J., Brioude, J., Angevine, W.,
Sorooshian, A., Duong, H. T., Jonsson, H. H., Flagan, R. C., and Seinfeld,
J. H.: Black carbon aerosol over the Los Angeles Basin during CalNex, J.
Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 117, D00V13, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011JD017255,
2012.
Moffet, R. C. and Prather, K. A.: In-situ measurements of the mixing state
and optical properties of soot with implications for radiative forcing
estimates, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 106, 11872–11877,
https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0900040106, 2009.
O'Brien, R. E., Wang, B., Kelly, S. T., Lundt, N., You, Y., Bertram, A. K.,
Leone, S. R., Laskin, A., and Gilles, M. K.: Liquid–Liquid Phase Separation
in Aerosol Particles: Imaging at the Nanometer Scale, Environ. Sci.
Technol., 49, 4995–5002, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.5b00062, 2015.
Oh, C. and Sorensen, C. M.: The Effect of Overlap between Monomers on the
Determination of Fractal Cluster Morphology, J. Colloid Interface Sci., 193,
17–25, https://doi.org/10.1006/jcis.1997.5046, 1997.
Pan, X., Uno, I., Hara, Y., Kuribayashi, M., Kobayashi, H., Sugimoto, N.,
Yamamoto, S., Shimohara, T., and Wang, Z.: Observation of the simultaneous
transport of Asian mineral dust aerosols with anthropogenic pollutants using
a POPC during a long-lasting dust event in late spring 2014, Geophys. Res.
Lett., 42, 1593–1598, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014GL062491, 2015.
Pei, X., Hallquist, M., Eriksson, A. C., Pagels, J., Donahue, N. M., Mentel, T., Svenningsson, B., Brune, W., and Pathak, R. K.: Morphological transformation of soot: investigation of microphysical processes during the condensation of sulfuric acid and limonene ozonolysis product vapors, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 9845–9860, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-9845-2018, 2018.
Peng, J., Hu, M., Guo, S., Du, Z., Shang, D., Zheng, J., Zheng, J., Zeng, L., Shao, M., Wu, Y., Collins, D., and Zhang, R.: Ageing and hygroscopicity variation of black carbon particles in Beijing measured by a quasi-atmospheric aerosol evolution study (QUALITY) chamber, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 10333–10348, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-10333-2017, 2017.
Perring, A. E., Schwarz, J. P., Markovic, M. Z., Fahey, D. W., Jimenez, J.
L., Campuzano-Jost, P., Palm, B. D., Wisthaler, A., Mikoviny, T., Diskin,
G., Sachse, G., Ziemba, L., Anderson, B., Shingler, T., Crosbie, E.,
Sorooshian, A., Yokelson, R., and Gao, R.-S.: In situ measurements of water
uptake by black carbon-containing aerosol in wildfire plumes, J. Geophys.
Res.-Atmos., 122, 1086–1097, https://doi.org/10.1002/2016JD025688, 2017.
Raatikainen, T., Brus, D., Hyvärinen, A.-P., Svensson, J., Asmi, E., and Lihavainen, H.: Black carbon concentrations and mixing state in the Finnish Arctic, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 10057–10070, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-10057-2015, 2015.
Riemer, N., West, M., Zaveri, R., and Easter, R.: Estimating black carbon
aging time-scales with a particle-resolved aerosol model, J. Aerosol Sci,
41, 143–158, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaerosci.2009.08.009, 2010.
Riemer, N. and West, M.: Quantifying aerosol mixing state with entropy and diversity measures, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 11423–11439, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-11423-2013, 2013.
Sahu, L. K., Kondo, Y., Moteki, N., Takegawa, N., Zhao, Y., Cubison, M. J.,
Jimenez, J. L., Vay, S., Diskin, G. S., Wisthaler, A., Mikoviny, T., Huey,
L. G., Weinheimer, A. J., and Knapp, D. J.: Emission characteristics of
black carbon in anthropogenic and biomass burning plumes over California
during ARCTAS-CARB 2008, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 117, D16302,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2011JD017401, 2012.
Shiraiwa, M., Kondo, Y., Moteki, N., Takegawa, N., Miyazaki, Y., and Blake,
D. R.: Evolution of mixing state of black carbon in polluted air from Tokyo,
Geophys. Res. Lett., 34, L16803, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007GL029819, 2007.
Stein, A. F., Draxler, R. R., Rolph, G. D., Stunder, B. J. B., Cohen, M. D.,
and Ngan, F.: NOAA's HYSPLIT Atmospheric Transport and Dispersion Modeling
System, B. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 96, 2059–2077,
https://doi.org/10.1175/bams-d-14-00110.1, 2015.
Sun, J., Liu, L., Xu, L., Wang, Y., Wu, Z., Hu, M., Shi, Z., Li, Y., Zhang,
X., Chen, J., and Li, W.: Key Role of Nitrate in Phase Transitions of Urban
Particles: Implications of Important Reactive Surfaces for Secondary Aerosol
Formation, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 123, 1234–1243,
https://doi.org/10.1002/2017JD027264, 2018.
Ueda, S., Nakayama, T., Taketani, F., Adachi, K., Matsuki, A., Iwamoto, Y., Sadanaga, Y., and Matsumi, Y.: Light absorption and morphological properties of soot-containing aerosols observed at an East Asian outflow site, Noto Peninsula, Japan, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 2525–2541, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-2525-2016, 2016.
Wang, J., Cubison, M. J., Aiken, A. C., Jimenez, J. L., and Collins, D. R.: The importance of aerosol mixing state and size-resolved composition on CCN concentration and the variation of the importance with atmospheric aging of aerosols, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 7267–7283, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-7267-2010, 2010.
Wang, Y., Liu, F., He, C., Bi, L., Cheng, T., Wang, Z., Zhang, H., Zhang,
X., Shi, Z., and Li, W.: Fractal Dimensions and Mixing Structures of Soot
Particles during Atmospheric Processing, Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett., 4,
487–493, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.estlett.7b00418, 2017.
Wentzel, M., Gorzawski, H., Naumann, K. H., Saathoff, H., and Weinbruch, S.:
Transmission electron microscopical and aerosol dynamical characterization
of soot aerosols, J. Aerosol Sci, 34, 1347–1370,
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-8502(03)00360-4, 2003.
West, J. J., Cohen, A., Dentener, F., Brunekreef, B., Zhu, T., Armstrong,
B., Bell, M. L., Brauer, M., Carmichael, G., Costa, D. L., Dockery, D. W.,
Kleeman, M., Krzyzanowski, M., Künzli, N., Liousse, C., Lung, S.-C. C.,
Martin, R. V., Pöschl, U., Pope, C. A., Roberts, J. M., Russell, A. G.,
and Wiedinmyer, C.: What We Breathe Impacts Our Health: Improving
Understanding of the Link between Air Pollution and Health, Environ. Sci.
Technol., 50, 4895–4904, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.5b03827, 2016.
Wu, Y., Cheng, T., Liu, D., Allan, J. D., Zheng, L., and Chen, H.: Light
Absorption Enhancement of Black Carbon Aerosol Constrained by Particle
Morphology, Environ. Sci. Technol., 52, 6912–6919,
https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.8b00636, 2018.
Xu, L., Zhang, D., and Li, W.: Microscopic comparison of aerosol particles
collected at an urban site in North China and a coastal site in Japan, Sci.
Total Environ., 669, 948–954,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.03.163, 2019.
You, Y., Renbaum-Wolff, L., Carreras-Sospedra, M., Hanna, S. J., Hiranuma,
N., Kamal, S., Smith, M. L., Zhang, X., Weber, R. J., Shilling, J. E.,
Dabdub, D., Martin, S. T., and Bertram, A. K.: Images reveal that
atmospheric particles can undergo liquid–liquid phase separations, P.
Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 109, 13188–13193,
https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1206414109, 2012.
Yuan, Q., Xu, J., Wang, Y., Zhang, X., Pang, Y., Liu, L., Bi, L., Kang, S.,
and Li, W.: Mixing State and Fractal Dimension of Soot Particles at a Remote
Site in the Southeastern Tibetan Plateau, Environ. Sci. Technol., 53,
8227–8234, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.9b01917, 2019.
Zhang, D., Iwasaka, Y., Shi, G., Zang, J., Hu, M., and Li, C.: Separated
status of the natural dust plume and polluted air masses in an Asian dust
storm event at coastal areas of China, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 110,
D06302, https://doi.org/10.1029/2004JD005305, 2005.
Zhang, G., Bi, X., Li, L., Chan, L. Y., Li, M., Wang, X., Sheng, G., Fu, J.,
and Zhou, Z.: Mixing state of individual submicron carbon-containing
particles during spring and fall seasons in urban Guangzhou, China: a case
study, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 4723–4735,
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-4723-2013, 2013.
Zhang, R., Khalizov, A. F., Pagels, J., Zhang, D., Xue, H., and McMurry, P.
H.: Variability in morphology, hygroscopicity, and optical properties of
soot aerosols during atmospheric processing, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA,
105, 10291–10296, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0804860105, 2008.
Zhang, X., Mao, M., Yin, Y., and Wang, B.: Numerical Investigation on
Absorption Enhancement of Black Carbon Aerosols Partially Coated With
Nonabsorbing Organics, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 123, 1297–1308,
https://doi.org/10.1002/2017JD027833, 2018a.
Zhang, Y., Su, H., Ma, N., Li, G., Kecorius, S., Wang, Z., Hu, M., Zhu, T.,
He, K., Wiedensohler, A., Zhang, Q., and Cheng, Y.: Sizing of Ambient
Particles From a Single-Particle Soot Photometer Measurement to Retrieve
Mixing State of Black Carbon at a Regional Site of the North China Plain, J.
Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 123, 12778–12795,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2018JD028810, 2018b.
Short summary
We quantified the mixing structures of soot particles and found that the dominant mixing structure changed from fresh to partially embedded to fully embedded along the pathway of an Asian dust storm from eastern China to Japan. Soot particles became more compact following transport. Our findings not only provide direct evidence for soot aging during regional transport but also help us understand how their morphology changes in different air environments.
We quantified the mixing structures of soot particles and found that the dominant mixing...
Altmetrics
Final-revised paper
Preprint