Articles | Volume 24, issue 10
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-5823-2024
© Author(s) 2024. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-5823-2024
© Author(s) 2024. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
22 May 2024
Research article |
| 22 May 2024
| 22 May 2024
Rapid iodine oxoacid nucleation enhanced by dimethylamine in broad marine regions
Haotian Zu
Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education of China, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
Yiqun Lu
State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Formation and Prevention of Urban Air Pollution Complex, Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shanghai 200233, China
Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education of China, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education of China, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
Related authors
No articles found.
Jialin Lu, Tianzeng Chen, Jun Liu, Huiying Xuan, Peng Zhang, Qingxin Ma, Yonghong Wang, Hao Li, Biwu Chu, and Hong He
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-3956, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-3956, 2025
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (ACP).
Short summary
Short summary
Ground-level ozone pollution in Beijing poses a serious threat to health and the environment. We ultimately discovered that insufficiently recognized processes in the atmosphere that can scavenge nitrogen dioxide are crucial. After incorporating these into the model, the prediction accuracy for Beijing ozone was dramatically improved. Our work provides more precise tools for designing cleaner air strategies in China.
Xiucong Deng, An Ning, Ling Liu, Fengyang Bai, Jie Yang, Jing Li, Jiarong Liu, and Xiuhui Zhang
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-3770, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-3770, 2025
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (ACP).
Short summary
Short summary
I2O5 is known as a significant contributor to atmospheric aerosol formation, yet the underlying chemical mechanism remains unclear. The complexity of real atmospheric environments arises from intricate coupling effects among diverse chemical species. Our proposed heterogeneous reactions of I2O5 mediated by common atmospheric species are highly effective, providing molecular-level evidence for further elucidating the role of I2O5 in the atmosphere.
Jiaqi Jin, Runlong Cai, Yiliang Liu, Gan Yang, Yueyang Li, Chuang Li, Lei Yao, Jingkun Jiang, Xiuhui Zhang, and Lin Wang
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-2787, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-2787, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Based on observed atmospheric new particle formation events at multiple sites in eastern China, we find that the dominant nucleation mechanism in this region is sulfuric acid-dimethylamine and the differences in the nucleation intensity among campaigns can be largely attributed to temperature and precursor concentrations. Our results also show that oxygenated organic molecules can make a great contribution to the initial growth of freshly nucleated particles in the real atmosphere.
Jing Li, An Ning, Ling Liu, Fengyang Bai, Qishen Huang, Pai Liu, Xiucong Deng, Yunhong Zhang, and Xiuhui Zhang
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-1194, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-1194, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Iodic acid (IA) particles are frequently observed in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UTLS), yet their formation mechanism remains unclear. Nitric acid (NA) and ammonia (NH3) are key nucleation precursors in the UTLS. This study investigates the IA–NA–NH3 system using a theoretical approach. Our proposed nucleation mechanism highlights the crucial role of NA in IA nucleation, providing molecular-level evidence for the missing sources of IA particles in the UTLS.
Jiewen Shen, Bin Zhao, Shuxiao Wang, An Ning, Yuyang Li, Runlong Cai, Da Gao, Biwu Chu, Yang Gao, Manish Shrivastava, Jingkun Jiang, Xiuhui Zhang, and Hong He
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 10261–10278, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-10261-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-10261-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We extensively compare various cluster-dynamics-based parameterizations for sulfuric acid–dimethylamine nucleation and identify a newly developed parameterization derived from Atmospheric Cluster Dynamic Code (ACDC) simulations as being the most reliable one. This study offers a valuable reference for developing parameterizations of other nucleation systems and is meaningful for the accurate quantification of the environmental and climate impacts of new particle formation.
Ming Chu, Xing Wei, Shangfei Hai, Yang Gao, Huiwang Gao, Yujiao Zhu, Biwu Chu, Nan Ma, Juan Hong, Yele Sun, and Xiaohong Yao
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 6769–6786, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-6769-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-6769-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We used a 20-bin WRF-Chem model to simulate NPF events in the NCP during a three-week observational period in the summer of 2019. The model was able to reproduce the observations during June 29–July 6, which was characterized by a high frequency of NPF occurrence.
Jing Li, Nan Wu, Biwu Chu, An Ning, and Xiuhui Zhang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 3989–4000, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-3989-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-3989-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Iodic acid (HIO3) nucleates with iodous acid (HIO2) efficiently in marine areas; however, whether methanesulfonic acid (MSA) can synergistically participate in the HIO3–HIO2-based nucleation is unclear. We provide molecular-level evidence that MSA can efficiently promote the formation of HIO3–HIO2-based clusters using a theoretical approach. The proposed MSA-enhanced iodine nucleation mechanism may help us to deeply understand marine new particle formation events with bursts of iodine particles.
Zhanyu Su, Lanxiadi Chen, Yuan Liu, Peng Zhang, Tianzeng Chen, Biwu Chu, Mingjin Tang, Qingxin Ma, and Hong He
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 993–1003, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-993-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-993-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
In this study, different soot particles were analyzed to better understand their behavior. It was discovered that water-soluble substances in soot facilitate water adsorption at low humidity while increasing the number of water layers at high humidity. Soot from organic fuels exhibits hygroscopicity influenced by organic carbon and microstructure. Additionally, the presence of sulfate ions due to the oxidation of SO2 enhances soot's hygroscopicity.
Chao Yan, Yicheng Shen, Dominik Stolzenburg, Lubna Dada, Ximeng Qi, Simo Hakala, Anu-Maija Sundström, Yishuo Guo, Antti Lipponen, Tom V. Kokkonen, Jenni Kontkanen, Runlong Cai, Jing Cai, Tommy Chan, Liangduo Chen, Biwu Chu, Chenjuan Deng, Wei Du, Xiaolong Fan, Xu-Cheng He, Juha Kangasluoma, Joni Kujansuu, Mona Kurppa, Chang Li, Yiran Li, Zhuohui Lin, Yiliang Liu, Yuliang Liu, Yiqun Lu, Wei Nie, Jouni Pulliainen, Xiaohui Qiao, Yonghong Wang, Yifan Wen, Ye Wu, Gan Yang, Lei Yao, Rujing Yin, Gen Zhang, Shaojun Zhang, Feixue Zheng, Ying Zhou, Antti Arola, Johanna Tamminen, Pauli Paasonen, Yele Sun, Lin Wang, Neil M. Donahue, Yongchun Liu, Federico Bianchi, Kaspar R. Daellenbach, Douglas R. Worsnop, Veli-Matti Kerminen, Tuukka Petäjä, Aijun Ding, Jingkun Jiang, and Markku Kulmala
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 12207–12220, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-12207-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-12207-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Atmospheric new particle formation (NPF) is a dominant source of atmospheric ultrafine particles. In urban environments, traffic emissions are a major source of primary pollutants, but their contribution to NPF remains under debate. During the COVID-19 lockdown, traffic emissions were significantly reduced, providing a unique chance to examine their relevance to NPF. Based on our comprehensive measurements, we demonstrate that traffic emissions alone are not able to explain the NPF in Beijing.
Benjamin Foreback, Lubna Dada, Kaspar R. Daellenbach, Chao Yan, Lili Wang, Biwu Chu, Ying Zhou, Tom V. Kokkonen, Mona Kurppa, Rosaria E. Pileci, Yonghong Wang, Tommy Chan, Juha Kangasluoma, Lin Zhuohui, Yishou Guo, Chang Li, Rima Baalbaki, Joni Kujansuu, Xiaolong Fan, Zemin Feng, Pekka Rantala, Shahzad Gani, Federico Bianchi, Veli-Matti Kerminen, Tuukka Petäjä, Markku Kulmala, Yongchun Liu, and Pauli Paasonen
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 11089–11104, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-11089-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-11089-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This study analyzed air quality in Beijing during the Chinese New Year over 7 years, including data from a new in-depth measurement station. This is one of few studies to look at long-term impacts, including the outcome of firework restrictions starting in 2018. Results show that firework pollution has gone down since 2016, indicating a positive result from the restrictions. Results of this study may be useful in making future decisions about the use of fireworks to improve air quality.
Yangyang Liu, Yue Deng, Jiarong Liu, Xiaozhong Fang, Tao Wang, Kejian Li, Kedong Gong, Aziz U. Bacha, Iqra Nabi, Qiuyue Ge, Xiuhui Zhang, Christian George, and Liwu Zhang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 9175–9197, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-9175-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-9175-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Both CO2 and carbonate salt work as the precursor of carbonate radicals, which largely promotes sulfate formation during the daytime. This study provides the first indication that the carbonate radical not only plays a role as an intermediate in tropospheric anion chemistry but also as a strong oxidant for the surface processing of trace gas in the atmosphere. CO2, carbponate radicals, and sulfate receive attention from those looking at the environment, atmosphere, aerosol, and photochemistry.
An Ning, Ling Liu, Lin Ji, and Xiuhui Zhang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 6103–6114, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-6103-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-6103-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Iodic acid (IA) and methanesulfonic acid (MSA) were previously proved to be significant nucleation precursors in marine areas. However, the nucleation process involved in IA and MSA remains unclear. We show the enhancement of MSA on IA cluster formation and reveal the IAM-SA nucleating mechanism using a theoretical approach. This study helps to understand the clustering process in which marine sulfur- and iodine-containing species are jointly involved and its impact on new particle formation.
Narcisse Tsona Tchinda, Lin Du, Ling Liu, and Xiuhui Zhang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 1951–1963, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-1951-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-1951-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This study explores the effect of pyruvic acid (PA) both in the SO3 hydrolysis and in sulfuric-acid-based aerosol formation. Results show that in dry and polluted areas, PA-catalyzed SO3 hydrolysis is about 2 orders of magnitude more efficient at forming sulfuric acid than the water-catalyzed reaction. Moreover, PA can effectively enhance the ternary SA-PA-NH3 particle formation rate by up to 4.7×102 relative to the binary SA-NH3 particle formation rate at cold temperatures.
Jing Cai, Cheng Wu, Jiandong Wang, Wei Du, Feixue Zheng, Simo Hakala, Xiaolong Fan, Biwu Chu, Lei Yao, Zemin Feng, Yongchun Liu, Yele Sun, Jun Zheng, Chao Yan, Federico Bianchi, Markku Kulmala, Claudia Mohr, and Kaspar R. Daellenbach
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 1251–1269, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-1251-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-1251-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This study investigates the connection between organic aerosol (OA) molecular composition and particle absorptive properties in autumn in Beijing. We find that the molecular properties of OA compounds in different episodes influence particle light absorption properties differently: the light absorption enhancement of black carbon and light absorption coefficient of brown carbon were mostly related to more oxygenated OA (low C number and four O atoms) and aromatics/nitro-aromatics, respectively.
Ying Zhou, Simo Hakala, Chao Yan, Yang Gao, Xiaohong Yao, Biwu Chu, Tommy Chan, Juha Kangasluoma, Shahzad Gani, Jenni Kontkanen, Pauli Paasonen, Yongchun Liu, Tuukka Petäjä, Markku Kulmala, and Lubna Dada
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 17885–17906, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-17885-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-17885-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We characterized the connection between new particle formation (NPF) events in terms of frequency, intensity and growth at a near-highway location in central Beijing and at a background mountain site 80 km away. Due to the substantial contribution of NPF to the global aerosol budget, identifying the conditions that promote the occurrence of regional NPF events could help understand their contribution on a large scale and would improve their implementation in global models.
Lucía Caudillo, Birte Rörup, Martin Heinritzi, Guillaume Marie, Mario Simon, Andrea C. Wagner, Tatjana Müller, Manuel Granzin, Antonio Amorim, Farnoush Ataei, Rima Baalbaki, Barbara Bertozzi, Zoé Brasseur, Randall Chiu, Biwu Chu, Lubna Dada, Jonathan Duplissy, Henning Finkenzeller, Loïc Gonzalez Carracedo, Xu-Cheng He, Victoria Hofbauer, Weimeng Kong, Houssni Lamkaddam, Chuan P. Lee, Brandon Lopez, Naser G. A. Mahfouz, Vladimir Makhmutov, Hanna E. Manninen, Ruby Marten, Dario Massabò, Roy L. Mauldin, Bernhard Mentler, Ugo Molteni, Antti Onnela, Joschka Pfeifer, Maxim Philippov, Ana A. Piedehierro, Meredith Schervish, Wiebke Scholz, Benjamin Schulze, Jiali Shen, Dominik Stolzenburg, Yuri Stozhkov, Mihnea Surdu, Christian Tauber, Yee Jun Tham, Ping Tian, António Tomé, Steffen Vogt, Mingyi Wang, Dongyu S. Wang, Stefan K. Weber, André Welti, Wang Yonghong, Wu Yusheng, Marcel Zauner-Wieczorek, Urs Baltensperger, Imad El Haddad, Richard C. Flagan, Armin Hansel, Kristina Höhler, Jasper Kirkby, Markku Kulmala, Katrianne Lehtipalo, Ottmar Möhler, Harald Saathoff, Rainer Volkamer, Paul M. Winkler, Neil M. Donahue, Andreas Kürten, and Joachim Curtius
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 17099–17114, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-17099-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-17099-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We performed experiments in the CLOUD chamber at CERN at low temperatures to simulate new particle formation in the upper free troposphere (at −30 ºC and −50 ºC). We measured the particle and gas phase and found that most of the compounds present in the gas phase are detected as well in the particle phase. The major compounds in the particles are C8–10 and C18–20. Specifically, we showed that C5 and C15 compounds are detected in a mixed system with isoprene and α-pinene at −30 ºC, 20 % RH.
Shuping Zhang, Golam Sarwar, Jia Xing, Biwu Chu, Chaoyang Xue, Arunachalam Sarav, Dian Ding, Haotian Zheng, Yujing Mu, Fengkui Duan, Tao Ma, and Hong He
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 15809–15826, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-15809-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-15809-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Six heterogeneous HONO chemistry updates in CMAQ significantly improve HONO concentration. HONO production is primarily controlled by the heterogeneous reactions on ground and aerosol surfaces during haze. Additional HONO chemistry updates increase OH and production of secondary aerosols: sulfate, nitrate, and SOA.
Yongchun Liu, Zemin Feng, Feixue Zheng, Xiaolei Bao, Pengfei Liu, Yanli Ge, Yan Zhao, Tao Jiang, Yunwen Liao, Yusheng Zhang, Xiaolong Fan, Chao Yan, Biwu Chu, Yonghong Wang, Wei Du, Jing Cai, Federico Bianchi, Tuukka Petäjä, Yujing Mu, Hong He, and Markku Kulmala
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 13269–13286, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-13269-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-13269-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The mechanisms and kinetics of particulate sulfate formation in the atmosphere are still open questions although they have been extensively discussed. We found that uptake of SO2 is the rate-determining step for the conversion of SO2 to particulate sulfate. NH4NO3 plays an important role in AWC, the phase state of aerosol particles, and subsequently the uptake kinetics of SO2 under high-RH conditions. This work is a good example of the feedback between aerosol physics and aerosol chemistry.
Zhuohui Lin, Yonghong Wang, Feixue Zheng, Ying Zhou, Yishuo Guo, Zemin Feng, Chang Li, Yusheng Zhang, Simo Hakala, Tommy Chan, Chao Yan, Kaspar R. Daellenbach, Biwu Chu, Lubna Dada, Juha Kangasluoma, Lei Yao, Xiaolong Fan, Wei Du, Jing Cai, Runlong Cai, Tom V. Kokkonen, Putian Zhou, Lili Wang, Tuukka Petäjä, Federico Bianchi, Veli-Matti Kerminen, Yongchun Liu, and Markku Kulmala
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 12173–12187, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-12173-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-12173-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We find that ammonium nitrate and aerosol water content contributed most during low mixing layer height conditions; this may further trigger enhanced formation of sulfate and organic aerosol via heterogeneous reactions. The results of this study contribute towards a more detailed understanding of the aerosol–chemistry–radiation–boundary layer feedback that is likely to be responsible for explosive aerosol mass growth events in urban Beijing.
Xiaolong Fan, Jing Cai, Chao Yan, Jian Zhao, Yishuo Guo, Chang Li, Kaspar R. Dällenbach, Feixue Zheng, Zhuohui Lin, Biwu Chu, Yonghong Wang, Lubna Dada, Qiaozhi Zha, Wei Du, Jenni Kontkanen, Theo Kurtén, Siddhart Iyer, Joni T. Kujansuu, Tuukka Petäjä, Douglas R. Worsnop, Veli-Matti Kerminen, Yongchun Liu, Federico Bianchi, Yee Jun Tham, Lei Yao, and Markku Kulmala
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 11437–11452, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-11437-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-11437-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We observed significant concentrations of gaseous HBr and HCl throughout the winter and springtime in urban Beijing, China. Our results indicate that gaseous HCl and HBr are most likely originated from anthropogenic emissions such as burning activities, and the gas–aerosol partitioning may play a crucial role in contributing to the gaseous HCl and HBr. These observations suggest that there is an important recycling pathway of halogen species in inland megacities.
Peng Zhang, Tianzeng Chen, Jun Liu, Guangyan Xu, Qingxin Ma, Biwu Chu, Wanqi Sun, and Hong He
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 7099–7112, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-7099-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-7099-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
This work highlights the opposing effects of primary and secondary H2SO4 on both secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation and constitutes. Our findings revealed that a substantial increase in secondary H2SO4 particles promoted the SOA formation of ethyl methacrylate with increasing SO2 in the absence of seed particles. However, increased primary H2SO4 with seed acidity enhanced ethyl methacrylate uptake but reduced its SOA formation in the presence of seed particles.
Ling Liu, Fangqun Yu, Kaipeng Tu, Zhi Yang, and Xiuhui Zhang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 6221–6230, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-6221-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-6221-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) was previously proved to participate in sulfuric acid (SA)–dimethylamine (DMA) nucleation in Shanghai, China. However, complex atmospheric environments can influence the nucleation of aerosol significantly. We show the influence of different atmospheric conditions on the SA-DMA-TFA nucleation and find the enhancement by TFA can be significant in cold and polluted areas, which provides the perspective of the realistic role of TFA in different atmospheric environments.
Yishuo Guo, Chao Yan, Chang Li, Wei Ma, Zemin Feng, Ying Zhou, Zhuohui Lin, Lubna Dada, Dominik Stolzenburg, Rujing Yin, Jenni Kontkanen, Kaspar R. Daellenbach, Juha Kangasluoma, Lei Yao, Biwu Chu, Yonghong Wang, Runlong Cai, Federico Bianchi, Yongchun Liu, and Markku Kulmala
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 5499–5511, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-5499-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-5499-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Fog, cloud and haze are very common natural phenomena. Sulfuric acid (SA) is one of the key compounds forming those suspended particles, technically called aerosols, through gas-to-particle conversion. Therefore, the concentration level, source and sink of SA is very important. Our results show that ozonolysis of alkenes plays a major role in nighttime SA formation under unpolluted conditions in urban Beijing, and nighttime cluster mode particles are probably driven by SA in urban environments.
Tianzeng Chen, Jun Liu, Qingxin Ma, Biwu Chu, Peng Zhang, Jinzhu Ma, Yongchun Liu, Cheng Zhong, Pengfei Liu, Yafei Wang, Yujing Mu, and Hong He
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 1341–1356, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-1341-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-1341-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Effects of photochemical aging on the formation and evolution of summertime secondary aerosol were systematically investigated in a suburb of Beijing. Higher PM1 concentration accompanied longer photochemical age (ta). Sulfate and more-oxidized OOA formation were significantly sensitive to the increase in ta, and their contributions were greatly enhanced at elevated ta levels. Our results suggested that photochemical aging process played a crucial role in PM1 and O3 pollution in summertime.
Yongchun Liu, Yusheng Zhang, Chaofan Lian, Chao Yan, Zeming Feng, Feixue Zheng, Xiaolong Fan, Yan Chen, Weigang Wang, Biwu Chu, Yonghong Wang, Jing Cai, Wei Du, Kaspar R. Daellenbach, Juha Kangasluoma, Federico Bianchi, Joni Kujansuu, Tuukka Petäjä, Xuefei Wang, Bo Hu, Yuesi Wang, Maofa Ge, Hong He, and Markku Kulmala
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 13023–13040, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-13023-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-13023-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Understanding of the chemical and physical processes leading to atmospheric aerosol particle formation is crucial to devising effective mitigation strategies to protect the public and reduce uncertainties in climate predictions. We found that the photolysis of nitrous acid could promote the formation of organic and nitrate aerosol and that traffic-related emission is a major contributor to ambient nitrous acid on haze days in wintertime in Beijing.
Jing Cai, Biwu Chu, Lei Yao, Chao Yan, Liine M. Heikkinen, Feixue Zheng, Chang Li, Xiaolong Fan, Shaojun Zhang, Daoyuan Yang, Yonghong Wang, Tom V. Kokkonen, Tommy Chan, Ying Zhou, Lubna Dada, Yongchun Liu, Hong He, Pauli Paasonen, Joni T. Kujansuu, Tuukka Petäjä, Claudia Mohr, Juha Kangasluoma, Federico Bianchi, Yele Sun, Philip L. Croteau, Douglas R. Worsnop, Veli-Matti Kerminen, Wei Du, Markku Kulmala, and Kaspar R. Daellenbach
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 12721–12740, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-12721-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-12721-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
By applying both OA PMF and size PMF at the same urban measurement site in Beijing, similar particle source types, including vehicular emissions, cooking emissions and secondary formation-related sources, were resolved by both frameworks and agreed well. It is also found that in the absence of new particle formation, vehicular and cooking emissions dominate the particle number concentration, while secondary particulate matter governed PM2.5 mass during spring and summer in Beijing.
Lubna Dada, Ilona Ylivinkka, Rima Baalbaki, Chang Li, Yishuo Guo, Chao Yan, Lei Yao, Nina Sarnela, Tuija Jokinen, Kaspar R. Daellenbach, Rujing Yin, Chenjuan Deng, Biwu Chu, Tuomo Nieminen, Yonghong Wang, Zhuohui Lin, Roseline C. Thakur, Jenni Kontkanen, Dominik Stolzenburg, Mikko Sipilä, Tareq Hussein, Pauli Paasonen, Federico Bianchi, Imre Salma, Tamás Weidinger, Michael Pikridas, Jean Sciare, Jingkun Jiang, Yongchun Liu, Tuukka Petäjä, Veli-Matti Kerminen, and Markku Kulmala
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 11747–11766, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-11747-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-11747-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
We rely on sulfuric acid measurements in four contrasting environments, Hyytiälä, Finland; Agia Marina, Cyprus; Budapest, Hungary; and Beijing, China, representing semi-pristine boreal forest, rural environment in the Mediterranean area, urban environment, and heavily polluted megacity, respectively, in order to define the sources and sinks of sulfuric acid in these environments and to derive a new sulfuric acid proxy to be utilized in locations and during periods when it is not measured.
Cited articles
Ahlrichs, R., Bar, M., Horn, H., and Kolmel, C.: Electronic-structure calculations on workstation computers – the program system turbomole, Chem. Phys. Lett., 162, 165–169, https://doi.org/10.1016/0009-2614(89)85118-8, 1989.
Almeida, J., Schobesberger, S., Kürten, A., Ortega, I. K., Kupiainen-Määttä, O., Praplan, A. P., Adamov, A., Amorim, A., Bianchi, F., Breitenlechner, M., David, A., Dommen, J., Donahue, N. M., Downard, A., Dunne, E., Duplissy, J., Ehrhart, S., Flagan, R. C., Franchin, A., Guida, R., Hakala, J., Hansel, A., Heinritzi, M., Henschel, H., Jokinen, T., Junninen, H., Kajos, M., Kangasluoma, J., Keskinen, H., Kupc, A., Kurtén, T., Kvashin, A. N., Laaksonen, A., Lehtipalo, K., Leiminger, M., Leppa, J., Loukonen, V., Makhmutov, V., Mathot, S., McGrath, M. J., Nieminen, T., Olenius, T., Onnela, A., Petäjä, T., Riccobono, F., Riipinen, I., Rissanen, M., Rondo, L., Ruuskanen, T., Santos, F. D., Sarnela, N., Schallhart, S., Schnitzhofer, R., Seinfeld, J. H., Simon, M., Sipilä, M., Stozhkov, Y., Stratmann, F., Tomé, A., Tröstl, J., Tsagkogeorgas, G., Vaattovaara, P., Viisanen, Y., Virtanen, A., Vrtala, A., Wagner, P. E., Weingartner, E., Wex, H., Williamson, C., Wimmer, D., Ye, P. L., Yli-Juuti, T., Carslaw, K. S., Kulmala, M., Curtius, J., Baltensperger, U., Worsnop, D. R., Vehkamäki, H., and Kirkby, J.: Molecular understanding of sulphuric acid-amine particle nucleation in the atmosphere, Nature, 502, 359–363, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature12663, 2013.
Baccarini, A., Karlsson, L., Dommen, J., Duplessis, P., Vüllers, J., Brooks, I. M., Saiz-Lopez, A., Salter, M., Tjernström, M., Baltensperger, U., Zieger, P., and Schmale, J.: Frequent new particle formation over the high Arctic pack ice by enhanced iodine emissions, Nat. Commun., 11, 4924, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-18551-0, 2020.
Chai, J.-D. and Head-Gordon, M.: Long-range corrected hybrid density functionals with damped atom–atom dispersion corrections, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 10, 6615–6620, https://doi.org/10.1039/B810189B, 2008.
Chen, D. P., Li, D. F., Wang, C. W., Liu, F. Y., and Wang, W. L.: Formation mechanism of methanesulfonic acid and ammonia clusters: A kinetics simulation study, Atmos. Environ., 222, 117161, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2019.117161, 2020a.
Chen, D. P., Li, D. F., Wang, C. W., Luo, Y., Liu, F. Y., and Wang, W. L.: Atmospheric implications of hydration on the formation of methanesulfonic acid and methylamine clusters: A theoretical study, Chemosphere, 244, 125538, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125538, 2020b.
Chen, D., Shen, Y., Wang, J., Gao, Y., Gao, H., and Yao, X.: Mapping gaseous dimethylamine, trimethylamine, ammonia, and their particulate counterparts in marine atmospheres of China's marginal seas – Part 1: Differentiating marine emission from continental transport, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 16413–16425, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-16413-2021, 2021.
Corral, A. F., Choi, Y., Collister, B. L., Crosbie, E., Dadashazar, H., DiGangi, J. P., Diskin, G. S., Fenn, M., Kirschler, S., and Moore, R. H. J. E. S. A.: Dimethylamine in cloud water: a case study over the northwest Atlantic Ocean, Environ. Sci.-Atmos., 2, 1534–1550, https://doi.org/10.1039/D2EA00117A, 2022.
Dall'Osto, M., Beddows, D. C. S., Tunved, P., Krejci, R., Ström, J., Hansson, H. C., Yoon, Y. J., Park, K. T., Becagli, S., Udisti, R., Onasch, T., O'Dowd, C. D., Simo, R., and Harrison, R. M.: Arctic sea ice melt leads to atmospheric new particle formation, Sci. Rep., 7, 3318, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-03328-1, 2017.
Dall'Osto, M., Airs, R. L., Beale, R., Cree, C., Fitzsimons, M. F., Beddows, D., Harrison, R. M., Ceburnis, D., O'Dowd, C., Rinaldi, M., Paglione, M., Nenes, A., Decesari, S., and Simó, R.: Simultaneous Detection of Alkylamines in the Surface Ocean and Atmosphere of the Antarctic Sympagic Environment, Acs Earth Space Chem., 3, 854–862, https://doi.org/10.1021/acsearthspacechem.9b00028, 2019.
Ehn, M., Vuollekoski, H., Petäjä, T., Kerminen, V. M., Vana, M., Aalto, P., de Leeuw, G., Ceburnis, D., Dupuy, R., O'Dowd, C. D., and Kulmala, M.: Growth rates during coastal and marine new particle formation in western Ireland, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 115, D18218, https://doi.org/10.1029/2010jd014292, 2010.
Elm, J.: Assessment of binding energies of atmospherically relevant clusters, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 15, 16442–16445, https://doi.org/10.1039/C3CP52616J, 2013.
Elm, J.: An Atmospheric Cluster Database Consisting of Sulfuric Acid, Bases, Organics, and Water, Acs Omega, 4, 10965–10974, https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.9b00860, 2019.
Elm, J.: Clusteromics I: Principles, Protocols, and Applications to Sulfuric Acid-Base Cluster Formation, Acs Omega, 6, 7804–7814, https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.1c00306, 2021a.
Elm, J.: Clusteromics II: Methanesulfonic Acid-Base Cluster Formation, Acs Omega, 6, 17035–17044, https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.1c02115, 2021b.
Elm, J. and Kristensen, K.: Basis set convergence of the binding energies of strongly hydrogen-bonded atmospheric clusters, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 19, 1122–1133, https://doi.org/10.1039/c6cp06851k, 2017.
Elm, J., Passananti, M., Kurtén, T., and Vehkamäki, H.: Diamines Can Initiate New Particle Formation in the Atmosphere, J. Phys. Chem. A, 121, 6155–6164, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpca.7b05658, 2017.
Facchini, M. C., Decesari, S., Rinaldi, M., Carbone, C., Finessi, E., Mircea, M., Fuzzi, S., Moretti, F., Tagliavini, E., Ceburnis, D., and O'Dowd, C. D.: Important Source of Marine Secondary Organic Aerosol from Biogenic Amines, Environ. Sci. Technol., 42, 9116–9121, https://doi.org/10.1021/es8018385, 2008.
Frisch, M. J., Pople, J. A., and Binkley, J. S.: Self-consistent molecular orbital methods 25. Supplementary functions for Gaussian basis sets, J. Chem. Phys., 80, 3265–3269, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.447079, 1984.
Frisch, M. J., Trucks, G. W., Schlegel, H. B., Scuseria, G. E., Robb, M. A., Cheeseman, J. R., Scalmani, G., Barone, V., Mennucci, B., Petersson, G.A., Nakatsuji, H., Caricato, M., Li, X., Hratchian, H. P., Izmaylov, A. F., Bloino, J., Zheng, G., Sonnenberg, J. L., Hada, M., E., M., Toyota, K., Fukuda, R., Hasegawa, J., Ishida, M., Nakajima, T., Honda, Y., Kitao, O., Nakai, H., Vreven, T., Montgomery, J. A., Peralta, J. E., Ogliaro, F., Bearpark, M., Heyd, J. J., Brothers, E., Kudin, K. N., Staroverov, V. N., Kobayashi, R., Normand, J., Raghavachari, K., Rendell, A., Burant, J. C., Iyengar, S. S., Tomasi, J., Cossi, M., Rega, N., Millam, J. M., Klene, M., Knox, J. E., Cross, J. B., Bakken, V., Adamo, C., Jaramillo, J., Gomperts, R., Stratmann, R. E., Yazyev, O., Austin, A. J., Cammi, R., Pomelli, C., Ochterski, J. W., Martin, R. L., Morokuma, K., Zakrzewski, V. G., Voth, G. A., Salvador, P., Dannenberg, J. J., Dapprich, S., Daniels, A. D., Farkas, O., Foresman, J. B., Ortiz, J. V., Cioslowski, J., and Fox, D. J.: Gaussian 09, Revision A.1. Gaussian Inc, Wallingford CT., Gaussian 09, Revision A.1. Gaussian Inc, Wallingford CT, https://gaussian.com/g09citation/ (last access: 12 May 2024), 2009.
Gibb, S. W., Mantoura, R. F. C., and Liss, P. S.: Ocean-atmosphere exchange and atmospheric speciation of ammonia and methylamines in the region of the NW Arabian Sea, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 13, 161–177, https://doi.org/10.1029/98gb00743, 1999.
Gong, J., Zhu, T., Kipen, H., Wang, G., Hu, M., Guo, Q., Ohman-Strickland, P., Lu, S. E., Wang, Y., Zhu, P., Rich, D. Q., Huang, W., and Zhang, J.: Comparisons of ultrafine and fine particles in their associations with biomarkers reflecting physiological pathways, Environ. Sci. Technol., 48, 5264–5273, https://doi.org/10.1021/es5006016, 2014.
Gronberg, L., Lovkvist, P., and Jonsson, J. A.: Measurement of aliphatic amines in ambient air and rainwater, Chemosphere, 24, 1533–1540, https://doi.org/10.1016/0045-6535(92)90273-t, 1992.
Haywood, J. and Boucher, O.: Estimates of the direct and indirect radiative forcing due to tropospheric aerosols: A review, Rev. Geophys., 38, 513–543, https://doi.org/10.1029/1999rg000078, 2000.
He, X.-C., Simon, M., Iyer, S., Xie, H.-B., Rörup, B., Shen, J., Finkenzeller, H., Stolzenburg, D., Zhang, R., Baccarini, A., Tham, Y. J., Wang, M., Amanatidis, S., Piedehierro, A. A., Amorim, A., Baalbaki, R., Brasseur, Z., Caudillo, L., Chu, B., Dada, L., Duplissy, J., El Haddad, I., Flagan, R. C., Granzin, M., Hansel, A., Heinritzi, M., Hofbauer, V., Jokinen, T., Kemppainen, D., Kong, W., Krechmer, J., Kürten, A., Lamkaddam, H., Lopez, B., Ma, F., Mahfouz, N. G. A., Makhmutov, V., Manninen, H. E., Marie, G., Marten, R., Massabò, D., Mauldin, R. L., Mentler, B., Onnela, A., Petäjä, T., Pfeifer, J., Philippov, M., Ranjithkumar, A., Rissanen, M. P., Schobesberger, S., Scholz, W., Schulze, B., Surdu, M., Thakur, R. C., Tomé, A., Wagner, A. C., Wang, D., Wang, Y., Weber, S. K., Welti, A., Winkler, P. M., Zauner-Wieczorek, M., Baltensperger, U., Curtius, J., Kurtén, T., Worsnop, D. R., Volkamer, R., Lehtipalo, K., Kirkby, J., Donahue, N. M., Sipilä, M., and Kulmala, M.: Iodine oxoacids enhance nucleation of sulfuric acid particles in the atmosphere, Science, 382, 1308–1314, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.adh2526, 2023.
Hoffmann, T., O'Dowd, C. D., and Seinfeld, J. H.: Iodine oxide homogeneous nucleation: An explanation for coastal new particle production, Geophys. Res. Lett., 28, 1949–1952, https://doi.org/10.1029/2000gl012399, 2001.
Hu, Q. J., Yu, P. R., Zhu, Y. J., Li, K., Gao, H. W., and Yao, X. H.: Concentration, Size Distribution, and Formation of Trimethylaminium and Dimethylaminium Ions in Atmospheric Particles over Marginal Seas of China*, J. Atmos. Sci., 72, 3487–3498, https://doi.org/10.1175/jas-d-14-0393.1, 2015.
Jokinen, T., Sipilä, M., Kontkanen, J., Vakkari, V., Tisler, P., Duplissy, E. M., Junninen, H., Kangasluoma, J., Manninen, H. E., Petäjä, T., Kulmala, M., Worsnop, D. R., Kirkby, J., Virkkula, A., and Kerminen, V. M.: Ion-induced sulfuric acid-ammonia nucleation drives particle formation in coastal Antarctica, Sci. Adv., 4, eaat9744, https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aat9744, 2018.
Kalivitis, N., Kerminen, V.-M., Kouvarakis, G., Stavroulas, I., Bougiatioti, A., Nenes, A., Manninen, H. E., Petäjä, T., Kulmala, M., and Mihalopoulos, N.: Atmospheric new particle formation as a source of CCN in the eastern Mediterranean marine boundary layer, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 9203–9215, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-9203-2015, 2015.
Kirkby, J., Curtius, J., Almeida, J., Dunne, E., Duplissy, J., Ehrhart, S., Franchin, A., Gagné, S., Ickes, L., Kürten, A., Kupc, A., Metzger, A., Riccobono, F., Rondo, L., Schobesberger, S., Tsagkogeorgas, G., Wimmer, D., Amorim, A., Bianchi, F., Breitenlechner, M., David, A., Dommen, J., Downard, A., Ehn, M., Flagan, R. C., Haider, S., Hansel, A., Hauser, D., Jud, W., Junninen, H., Kreissl, F., Kvashin, A., Laaksonen, A., Lehtipalo, K., Lima, J., Lovejoy, E. R., Makhmutov, V., Mathot, S., Mikkilä, J., Minginette, P., Mogo, S., Nieminen, T., Onnela, A., Pereira, P., Petäjä, T., Schnitzhofer, R., Seinfeld, J. H., Sipilä, M., Stozhkov, Y., Stratmann, F., Tomé, A., Vanhanen, J., Viisanen, Y., Vrtala, A., Wagner, P. E., Walther, H., Weingartner, E., Wex, H., Winkler, P. M., Carslaw, K. S., Worsnop, D. R., Baltensperger, U., and Kulmala, M.: Role of sulphuric acid, ammonia and galactic cosmic rays in atmospheric aerosol nucleation, Nature, 476, 429–U477, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature10343, 2011.
Knattrup, Y. and Elm, J.: Clusteromics IV: The Role of Nitric Acid in Atmospheric Cluster Formation, Acs Omega, 7, 31551–315560, https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.2c04278, 2022.
Kubecka, J., Besel, V., Kurtén, T., Myllys, N., and Vehkamäki, H.: Configurational Sampling of Noncovalent (Atmospheric) Molecular Clusters: Sulfuric Acid and Guanidine, J. Phys. Chem. A, 123, 6022–6033, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpca.9b03853, 2019.
Kurfman, L. A., Odbadrakh, T. T., and Shields, G. C.: Calculating Reliable Gibbs Free Energies for Formation of Gas-Phase Clusters that Are Critical for Atmospheric Chemistry: (H2SO4)3, J. Phys. Chem. A, 125, 3169–3176, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpca.1c00872, 2021.
Kürten, A., Li, C., Bianchi, F., Curtius, J., Dias, A., Donahue, N. M., Duplissy, J., Flagan, R. C., Hakala, J., Jokinen, T., Kirkby, J., Kulmala, M., Laaksonen, A., Lehtipalo, K., Makhmutov, V., Onnela, A., Rissanen, M. P., Simon, M., Sipilä, M., Stozhkov, Y., Tröstl, J., Ye, P., and McMurry, P. H.: New particle formation in the sulfuric acid–dimethylamine–water system: reevaluation of CLOUD chamber measurements and comparison to an aerosol nucleation and growth model, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 845–863, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-845-2018, 2018.
Kurtén, T., Loukonen, V., Vehkamäki, H., and Kulmala, M.: Amines are likely to enhance neutral and ion-induced sulfuric acid-water nucleation in the atmosphere more effectively than ammonia, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 8, 4095–4103, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-8-4095-2008, 2008.
Lee, S.-H., Gordon, H., Yu, H., Lehtipalo, K., Haley, R., Li, Y., and Zhang, R.: New Particle Formation in the Atmosphere: From Molecular Clusters to Global Climate, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 124, 7098–7146, https://doi.org/10.1029/2018jd029356, 2019.
Liu, L., Li, H., Zhang, H. J., Zhong, J., Bai, Y., Ge, M. F., Li, Z. S., Chen, Y., and Zhang, X. H.: The role of nitric acid in atmospheric new particle formation, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 20, 17406–17414, https://doi.org/10.1039/c8cp02719f, 2018.
Liu, L., Yu, F. Q., Du, L., Yang, Z., Francisco, J. S., and Zhang, X. H.: Rapid sulfuric acid-dimethylamine nucleation enhanced by nitric acid in polluted regions, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 118, e2108384118, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2108384118, 2021a.
Liu, L., Yu, F., Tu, K., Yang, Z., and Zhang, X.: Influence of atmospheric conditions on the role of trifluoroacetic acid in atmospheric sulfuric acid–dimethylamine nucleation, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 6221–6230, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-6221-2021, 2021b.
Liu, L., Li, S., Zu, H., and Zhang, X.: Unexpectedly significant stabilizing mechanism of iodous acid on iodic acid nucleation under different atmospheric conditions, Sci. Total Environ., 859, 159832, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159832, 2023.
Liu, Z. Y., Li, M., Wang, X. F., Liang, Y. H., Jiang, Y. R., Chen, J., Mu, J. S., Zhu, Y. J., Meng, H., Yang, L. X., Hou, K. Y., Wang, Y. F., and Xue, L. K.: Large contributions of anthropogenic sources to amines in fine particles at a coastal area in northern China in winter, Sci. Total Environ., 839, 156281, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156281, 2022.
Lu, T. and Chen, F.: Multiwfn: a multifunctional wavefunction analyzer, J. Comput. Chem., 33, 580–592, https://doi.org/10.1002/jcc.22885, 2012a.
Lu, T. and Chen, F.: Quantitative analysis of molecular surface based on improved Marching Tetrahedra algorithm, J. Mol. Graph. Model., 38, 314–323, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmgm.2012.07.004, 2012b.
Lu, Y. Q., Liu, L., Ning, A., Yang, G., Liu, Y. L., Kurten, T., Vehkamaki, H., Zhang, X. H., and Wang, L.: Atmospheric Sulfuric Acid-Dimethylamine Nucleation Enhanced by Trifluoroacetic Acid, Geophys. Res. Lett., 47, e2019GL085627, https://doi.org/10.1029/2019gl085627, 2020.
Ma, F. F., Xie, H. B., Zhang, R. J., Su, L. H., Jiang, Q., Tang, W. H., Chen, J. W., Engsvang, M., Elm, J., and He, X. C.: Enhancement of Atmospheric Nucleation Precursors on Iodic Acid- Induced Nucleation: Predictive Model and Mechanism, Environ. Sci. Technol., 57, 6944–6954, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.3c01034, 2023.
Mahajan, A. S., Sorribas, M., Gómez Martín, J. C., MacDonald, S. M., Gil, M., Plane, J. M. C., and Saiz-Lopez, A.: Concurrent observations of atomic iodine, molecular iodine and ultrafine particles in a coastal environment, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 2545–2555, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-2545-2011, 2011.
McFiggans, G., Bale, C. S. E., Ball, S. M., Beames, J. M., Bloss, W. J., Carpenter, L. J., Dorsey, J., Dunk, R., Flynn, M. J., Furneaux, K. L., Gallagher, M. W., Heard, D. E., Hollingsworth, A. M., Hornsby, K., Ingham, T., Jones, C. E., Jones, R. L., Kramer, L. J., Langridge, J. M., Leblanc, C., LeCrane, J.-P., Lee, J. D., Leigh, R. J., Longley, I., Mahajan, A. S., Monks, P. S., Oetjen, H., Orr-Ewing, A. J., Plane, J. M. C., Potin, P., Shillings, A. J. L., Thomas, F., von Glasow, R., Wada, R., Whalley, L. K., and Whitehead, J. D.: Iodine-mediated coastal particle formation: an overview of the Reactive Halogens in the Marine Boundary Layer (RHaMBLe) Roscoff coastal study, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 2975–2999, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-2975-2010, 2010.
McGrath, M. J., Olenius, T., Ortega, I. K., Loukonen, V., Paasonen, P., Kurtén, T., Kulmala, M., and Vehkamäki, H.: Atmospheric Cluster Dynamics Code: a flexible method for solution of the birth-death equations, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 2345–2355, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-2345-2012, 2012.
Müller, C., Iinuma, Y., Karstensen, J., van Pinxteren, D., Lehmann, S., Gnauk, T., and Herrmann, H.: Seasonal variation of aliphatic amines in marine sub-micrometer particles at the Cape Verde islands, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 9587–9597, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-9587-2009, 2009.
Murphy, D. M. and Ravishankara, A. R.: Trends and patterns in the contributions to cumulative radiative forcing from different regions of the world, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 115, 13192–13197, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1813951115, 2018.
Nault, B. A., Campuzano-Jost, P., Day, D. A., Jo, D. S., Schroder, J. C., Allen, H. M., Bahreini, R., Bian, H. S., Blake, D. R., Chin, M., Clegg, S. L., Colarco, P. R., Crounse, J. D., Cubison, M. J., DeCarlo, P. F., Dibb, J. E., Diskin, G. S., Hodzic, A., Hu, W. W., Katich, J. M., Kim, M. J., Kodros, J. K., Kupc, A., Lopez-Hilfiker, F. D., Marais, E. A., Middlebrook, A. M., Neuman, J. A., Nowak, J. B., Palm, B. B., Paulot, F., Pierce, J. R., Schill, G. P., Scheuer, E., Thornton, J. A., Tsigaridis, K., Wennberg, P. O., Williamson, C. J., and Jimenez, J. L.: Chemical transport models often underestimate inorganic aerosol acidity in remote regions of the atmosphere, Commun. Earth Environ., 2, 93, https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-021-00164-0, 2021.
Ning, A., Liu, L., Zhang, S. B., Yu, F. Q., Du, L., Ge, M. F., and Zhang, X. H.: The critical role of dimethylamine in the rapid formation of iodic acid particles in marine areas, NPJ Clim. Atmos. Sci., 5, 92, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41612-022-00316-9, 2022.
O'Dowd, C. D. and de Leeuw, G.: Marine aerosol production: a review of the current knowledge, Philos. Trans. A Math. Phys. Eng. Sci., 365, 1753–1774, https://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2007.2043, 2007.
O'Dowd, C. D., Hämeri, K., Mäkelä, J., Väkeva, M., Aalto, P., de Leeuw, G., Kunz, G. J., Becker, E., Hansson, H. C., Allen, A. G., Harrison, R. M., Berresheim, H., Geever, M., Jennings, S. G., and Kulmala, M.: Coastal new particle formation:: Environmental conditions and aerosol physicochemical characteristics during nucleation bursts, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 107, 8107, https://doi.org/10.1029/2000jd000206, 2002a.
O'Dowd, C. D., Hämeri, K., Mäkelä, J. M., Pirjola, L., Kulmala, M., Jennings, S. G., Berresheim, H., Hansson, H.-C., de Leeuw, G., Kunz, G. J., Allen, A. G., Hewitt, C. N., Jackson, A., Viisanen, Y., and Hoffmann, T.: A dedicated study of new particle formation and fate in the coastal environment: overview of objectives and achievements, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 107, 1–16, https://doi.org/10.1029/2001jd000555, 2002b.
O'Dowd, C. D., Jimenez, J. L., Bahreini, R., Flagan, R. C., Seinfeld, J. H., Hämeri, K., Pirjola, L., Kulmala, M., Jennings, S. G., and Hoffmann, T.: Marine aerosol formation from biogenic iodine emissions, Nature, 417, 632–636, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature00775, 2002c.
Olenius, T., Halonen, R., Kurtén, T., Henschel, H., Kupiainen-Määtä, O., Ortega, I. K., Jen, C. N., Vehkamäki, H., and Riipinen, I.: New particle formation from sulfuric acid and amines: Comparison of monomethylamine, dimethylamine, and trimethylamine, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 122, 7103–7118, https://doi.org/10.1002/2017jd026501, 2017.
Peterson, K. A.: Systematically convergent basis sets with relativistic pseudopotentials. I. Correlation consistent basis sets for the post-d group 13–15 elements, The J. Chem. Phys., 119, 11099–11112, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1622923, 2003.
Pope III, C. A. and Dockery, D. W.: Health effects of fine particulate air pollution: lines that connect, J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc., 56, 709–742, https://doi.org/10.1080/10473289.2006.10464485, 2006.
Quéléver, L. L. J., Dada, L., Asmi, E., Lampilahti, J., Chan, T., Ferrara, J. E., Copes, G. E., Pérez-Fogwill, G., Barreira, L., Aurela, M., Worsnop, D. R., Jokinen, T., and Sipilä, M.: Investigation of new particle formation mechanisms and aerosol processes at Marambio Station, Antarctic Peninsula, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 8417–8437, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-8417-2022, 2022.
Rappé, A. K., Casewit, C. J., Colwell, K. S., Goddard, W. A., and Skiff, W. M.: UFF, a Full Periodic-Table Force-Field for Molecular Mechanics and Molecular-Dynamics Simulations, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 114, 10024–10035, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00051a040, 1992.
Rong, H., Liu, J., Zhang, Y., Du, L., Zhang, X., and Li, Z.: Nucleation mechanisms of iodic acid in clean and polluted coastal regions, Chemosphere, 253, 126743, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126743, 2020.
Schmitz, G.: Inorganic reactions of iodine(III) in acidic solutions and free energy of iodous acid formation, Int. J. Chem. Kinet., 40, 647–652, https://doi.org/10.1002/kin.20344, 2008.
Shampine, L. and Reichelt, M.: The MATLAB ODE suite, SIAM J. Sci. Comput., 18, 1–22, https://doi.org/10.1137/S1064827594276424, 1997.
Shen, J. W., Elm, J., Xie, H. B., Chen, J. W., Niu, J. F., and Vehkamäki, H.: Structural Effects of Amines in Enhancing Methanesulfonic Acid-Driven New Particle Formation, Environ. Sci. Technol., 54, 13498–13508, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.0c05358, 2020.
Sipilä, M., Sarnela, N., Jokinen, T., Henschel, H., Junninen, H., Kontkanen, J., Richters, S., Kangasluoma, J., Franchin, A., Peräkylä, O., Rissanen, M. P., Ehn, M., Vehkamäki, H., Kurten, T., Berndt, T., Petäjä, T., Worsnop, D., Ceburnis, D., Kerminen, V. M., Kulmala, M., and O'Dowd, C.: Molecular-scale evidence of aerosol particle formation via sequential addition of HIO3, Nature, 537, 532–534, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature19314, 2016.
Stewart, J. J.: Stewart Computational Chemistry, Colorado Springs, CO, USA, http://openmopac.net/MOPAC2016.html (last access: 12 May 2024), 2016.
Stewart, J. J. P.: Optimization of parameters for semiempirical methods VI: more modifications to the NDDO approximations and re-optimization of parameters, J. Molecul. Model., 19, 1–32, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00894-012-1667-x, 2013.
Vanneste, A., Duce, R. A., and Lee, C.: Methylamines in the marine atmosphere, Geophys. Res. Lett., 14, 711–714, https://doi.org/10.1029/GL014i007p00711, 1987.
Wang, J. Y., Xu, G. J., Chen, L. Q., and Chen, K.: Atmospheric Particle Number Concentrations and New Particle Formation over the Southern Ocean and Antarctica: A Critical Review, Atmosphere, 14, 402, https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos14020402, 2023.
Wang, M. Y., Kong, W. M., Marten, R., He, X. C., Chen, D. X., Pfeifer, J., Heitto, A., Kontkanen, J., Dada, L., Kurten, A., Yli-Juuti, T., Manninen, H. E., Amanatidis, S., Amorim, A., Baalbaki, R., Baccarini, A., Bell, D. M., Bertozzi, B., Bräkling, S., Brilke, S., Murillo, L. C., Chiu, R., Chu, B. W., De Menezes, L. P., Duplissy, J., Finkenzeller, H., Carracedo, L. G., Granzin, M., Guida, R., Hansel, A., Hofbauer, V., Krechmer, J., Lehtipalo, K., Lamkaddam, H., Lampimäki, M., Lee, C. P., Makhmutov, V., Marie, G., Mathot, S., Mauldin, R. L., Mentler, B., Muller, T., Onnela, A., Partoll, E., Petäjä, T., Philippov, M., Pospisilova, V., Ranjithkumar, A., Rissanen, M., Rörup, B., Scholz, W., Shen, J. L., Simon, M., Sipilä, M., Steiner, G., Stolzenburg, D., Tham, Y. J., Tomé, A., Wagner, A. C., Wang, D. Y. S., Wang, Y. H., Weber, S. K., Winkler, P. M., Wlasits, P. J., Wu, Y. H., Xiao, M., Ye, Q., Zauner-Wieczorek, M., Zhou, X. Q., Volkamer, R., Riipinen, I., Dommen, J., Curtius, J., Baltensperger, U., Kulmala, M., Worsnop, D. R., Kirkby, J., Seinfeld, J. H., El-Haddad, I., Flagan, R. C., and Donahue, N. M.: Rapid growth of new atmospheric particles by nitric acid and ammonia condensation, Nature, 581, 184–189, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2270-4, 2020.
Wang, M. Y., Xiao, M., Bertozzi, B., Marie, G., Rörup, B., Schulze, B., Bardakov, R., He, X. C., Shen, J. L., Scholz, W., Marten, R., Dada, L., Baalbaki, R., Lopez, B., Lamkaddam, H., Manninen, H. E., Amorim, A., Ataei, F., Bogert, P., Brasseur, Z., Caudillo, L., De Menezes, L. P., Duplissy, J., Ekman, A. M. L., Finkenzeller, H., Carracedo, L. G., Granzin, M., Guida, R., Heinritzi, M., Hofbauer, V., Höhler, K., Korhonen, K., Krechmer, J. E., Kürten, A., Lehtipalo, K., Mahfouz, N. G. A., Makhmutov, V., Massabò, D., Mathot, S., Mauldin, R. L., Mentler, B., Müller, T., Onnela, A., Petäjä, T., Philippov, M., Piedehierro, A. A., Pozzer, A., Ranjithkumar, A., Schervish, M., Schobesberger, S., Simon, M., Stozhkov, Y., Tomé, A., Umo, N. S., Vogel, F., Wagner, R., Wang, D. S., Weber, S. K., Welti, A., Wu, Y. S., Zauner-Wieczorek, M., Sipilä, M., Winkler, P. M., Hansel, A., Baltensperger, U., Kulmala, M., Flagan, R. C., Curtius, J., Riipinen, I., Gordon, H., Lelieveld, J., El-Haddad, I., Volkamer, R., Worsnop, D. R., Christoudias, T., Kirkby, J., Möhler, O., and Donahue, N. M.: Synergistic HNO3-H2SO4-NH3 upper tropospheric particle formation, Nature, 605, 483–489, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-022-04605-4, 2022.
Weber, R. J., Marti, J. J., McMurry, P. H., Eisele, F. L., Tanner, D. J., and Jefferson, A.: Measured atmospheric new particle formation rates: Implications for nucleation mechanisms, Chem. Eng. Commun., 151, 53–64, https://doi.org/10.1080/00986449608936541, 1996.
Xia, D., Chen, J., Yu, H., Xie, H. B., Wang, Y., Wang, Z., Xu, T., and Allen, D. T.: Formation Mechanisms of Iodine-Ammonia Clusters in Polluted Coastal Areas Unveiled by Thermodynamic and Kinetics Simulations, Environ. Sci. Technol., 54, 9235–9242, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.9b07476, 2020.
Xie, H. B. and Elm, J.: Tri-Base Synergy in Sulfuric Acid-Base Clusters, Atmosphere, 12, 1260, https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos12101260, 2021.
Yang, Y., Weaver, M. N., and Merz, K. M.: Assessment of the “6-31+G**+LANL2DZ” Mixed Basis Set Coupled with Density Functional Theory Methods and the Effective Core Potential: Prediction of Heats of Formation and Ionization Potentials for First-Row-Transition-Metal Complexes, J. Phys. Chem. A, 113, 9843–9851, https://doi.org/10.1021/jp807643p, 2009.
Yang, Y., Waller, S. E., Kreinbihl, J. J., and Johnson, C. J.: Direct Link between Structure and Hydration in Ammonium and Aminium Bisulfate Clusters Implicated in Atmospheric New Particle Formation, J. Phys. Chem. Lett., 9, 5647–5652, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpclett.8b02500, 2018.
Yao, L., Garmash, O., Bianchi, F., Zheng, J., Yan, C., Kontkanen, J., Junninen, H., Mazon, S. B., Ehn, M., Paasonen, P., Sipila, M., Wang, M. Y., Wang, X. K., Xiao, S., Chen, H. F., Lu, Y. Q., Zhang, B. W., Wang, D. F., Fu, Q. Y., Geng, F. H., Li, L., Wang, H. L., Qiao, L. P., Yang, X., Chen, J. M., Kerminen, V. M., Petaja, T., Worsnop, D. R., Kulmala, M., and Wang, L.: Atmospheric new particle formation from sulfuric acid and amines in a Chinese megacity, Science, 361, 278–281, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aao4839, 2018.
Yu, F. and Luo, G.: Modeling of gaseous methylamines in the global atmosphere: impacts of oxidation and aerosol uptake, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 12455–12464, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-12455-2014, 2014.
Yu, H., Ren, L., Huang, X., Xie, M., He, J., and Xiao, H.: Iodine speciation and size distribution in ambient aerosols at a coastal new particle formation hotspot in China, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 4025–4039, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-4025-2019, 2019.
Zhang, J. and Dolg, M.: ABCluster: the artificial bee colony algorithm for cluster global optimization, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 17, 24173–24181, https://doi.org/10.1039/C5CP04060D, 2015.
Zhang, M. M., Yan, J. P., Lin, Q., Park, K., Zhao, S. H., Xu, S. Q., and Wang, S. S.: Low contributions of dimethyl sulfide (DMS) chemistry to atmospheric aerosols over the high Arctic Ocean, Atmos. Environ., 313, 120073, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2023.120073, 2023.
Zhang, R.: Getting to the Critical Nucleus of Aerosol Formation, Science, 328, 1366–1367, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1189732, 2010.
Zhang, R., Khalizov, A., Wang, L., Hu, M., and Xu, W.: Nucleation and growth of nanoparticles in the atmosphere, Chem. Rev., 112, 1957–2011, https://doi.org/10.1021/cr2001756, 2012.
Zhang, R. J., Xie, H. B., Ma, F. F., Chen, J. W., Iyer, S., Simon, M., Heinritzi, M., Shen, J. L., Tham, Y. J., Kurten, T., Worsnop, D. R., Kirkby, J., Curtius, J., Sipila, M., Kulmala, M., and He, X. C.: Critical Role of Iodous Acid in Neutral Iodine Oxoacid Nucleation, Environ. Sci. Technol., 56, 14166–14177, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.2c04328, 2022a.
Zhang, S. B., Li, S. N., Ning, A., Liu, L., and Zhang, X. H.: Iodous acid – a more efficient nucleation precursor than iodic acid, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 24, 13651–13660, https://doi.org/10.1039/d2cp00302c, 2022b.
Zhu, Y., Li, K., Shen, Y., Gao, Y., Liu, X., Yu, Y., Gao, H., and Yao, X.: New particle formation in the marine atmosphere during seven cruise campaigns, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 89–113, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-89-2019, 2019.
Zu, H. T., Zhang, S. B., Liu, L., and Zhang, X. H.: The vital role of sulfuric acid in iodine oxoacids nucleation: impacts of urban pollutants on marine atmosphere, Environ. Res. Lett., 19, 014076, https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ad193f, 2024.
Short summary
The nucleation of iodic acid (HIO3) and iodous acid (HIO2) was proven to be critical in marine areas. However, HIO3–HIO2 nucleation cannot effectively derive the rapid nucleation in some polluted coasts. We find a significant enhancement of dimethylamine (DMA) on the HIO3–HIO2 nucleation in marine and polar regions with abundant DMA sources, which may establish reasonable connections between the HIO3–HIO2 nucleation and the rapid formation of new particles in polluted marine and polar regions.
The nucleation of iodic acid (HIO3) and iodous acid (HIO2) was proven to be critical in marine...
Altmetrics
Final-revised paper
Preprint