Articles | Volume 24, issue 23
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-13285-2024
© Author(s) 2024. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-13285-2024
© Author(s) 2024. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
02 Dec 2024
Research article |
| 02 Dec 2024
| 02 Dec 2024
Brownness of organics in anthropogenic biomass burning aerosols over South Asia
Chimurkar Navinya
Centre for Climate Studies, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, 400076, India
Taveen Singh Kapoor
Center for Aerosol Science and Engineering, Department of Energy, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
Gupta Anurag
Centre for Climate Studies, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, 400076, India
Environmental Science and Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, 400076, India
Chandra Venkataraman
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Centre for Climate Studies, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, 400076, India
Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, 400076, India
Harish C. Phuleria
Centre for Climate Studies, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, 400076, India
Environmental Science and Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, 400076, India
Rajan K. Chakrabarty
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Center for Aerosol Science and Engineering, Department of Energy, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
Related authors
No articles found.
Sudipta Ghosh, Sagnik Dey, Sushant Das, Nicole Riemer, Graziano Giuliani, Dilip Ganguly, Chandra Venkataraman, Filippo Giorgi, Sachchida Nand Tripathi, Srikanthan Ramachandran, Thazhathakal Ayyappen Rajesh, Harish Gadhavi, and Atul Kumar Srivastava
Geosci. Model Dev., 16, 1–15, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-1-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-1-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Accurate representation of aerosols in climate models is critical for minimizing the uncertainty in climate projections. Here, we implement region-specific emission fluxes and a more accurate scheme for carbonaceous aerosol ageing processes in a regional climate model (RegCM4) and show that it improves model performance significantly against in situ, reanalysis, and satellite data over the Indian subcontinent. We recommend improving the model performance before using them for climate studies.
Payton Beeler and Rajan K. Chakrabarty
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 14825–14836, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-14825-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-14825-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Understanding and parameterizing the influences of black carbon (BC) particle morphology and compositional heterogeneity on its light absorption represent a fundamental problem. We develop scaling laws using a single unifying parameter that effectively encompasses large-scale diversity observed in BC light absorption on a per-particle basis. The laws help reconcile the disparities between field observations and model predictions. Our framework is packaged in an open-source Python application.
Joshin Kumar, Theo Paik, Nishit J. Shetty, Patrick Sheridan, Allison C. Aiken, Manvendra K. Dubey, and Rajan K. Chakrabarty
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 15, 4569–4583, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-4569-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-4569-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Accurate long-term measurement of aerosol light absorption is vital for assessing direct aerosol radiative forcing. Light absorption by aerosols at the US Department of Energy long-term climate monitoring SGP site is measured using the Particle Soot Absorption Photometer (PSAP), which suffers from artifacts and biases difficult to quantify. Machine learning offers a promising path forward to correct for biases in the long-term absorption dataset at the SGP site and similar Class-I areas.
Jie Luo, Zhengqiang Li, Chenchong Zhang, Qixing Zhang, Yongming Zhang, Ying Zhang, Gabriele Curci, and Rajan K. Chakrabarty
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 7647–7666, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-7647-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-7647-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The fractal black carbon was applied to re-evaluate the regional impacts of morphologies on aerosol–radiation interactions (ARIs), and the effects were compared between the US and China. The regional-mean clear-sky ARI is significantly affected by the BC morphology, and relative differences of 17.1 % and 38.7 % between the fractal model with a Df of 1.8 and the spherical model were observed in eastern China and the northwest US, respectively.
Benjamin Sumlin, Edward Fortner, Andrew Lambe, Nishit J. Shetty, Conner Daube, Pai Liu, Francesca Majluf, Scott Herndon, and Rajan K. Chakrabarty
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 11843–11856, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-11843-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-11843-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We present a comparison of the changes to light absorption behavior and chemical composition of wildfire smoke particles from day- and nighttime oxidation processes and discuss the results within the context of previous laboratory findings.
Erin E. McDuffie, Steven J. Smith, Patrick O'Rourke, Kushal Tibrewal, Chandra Venkataraman, Eloise A. Marais, Bo Zheng, Monica Crippa, Michael Brauer, and Randall V. Martin
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 12, 3413–3442, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-3413-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-3413-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Global emission inventories are vital to understanding the impacts of air pollution on the environment, human health, and society. We update the open-source Community Emissions Data System (CEDS) to provide global gridded emissions of seven key air pollutants from 1970–2017 for 11 source sectors and multiple fuel types, including coal, solid biofuel, and liquid oil and natural gas. This dataset includes both monthly global gridded emissions and annual national totals.
Cited articles
Arola, A., Schuster, G. L., Pitkänen, M. R. A., Dubovik, O., Kokkola, H., Lindfors, A. V., Mielonen, T., Raatikainen, T., Romakkaniemi, S., Tripathi, S. N., and Lihavainen, H.: Direct radiative effect by brown carbon over the Indo-Gangetic Plain, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 12731–12740, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-12731-2015, 2015.
Azhar, R., Zeeshan, M., and Fatima, K.: Crop residue open field burning in Pakistan; multi-year high spatial resolution emission inventory for 2000–2014, Atmos. Environ., 208, 20–33, https://doi.org/10.1016/J.ATMOSENV.2019.03.031, 2019.
Bhowmik, H. S., Tripathi, S. N., Shukla, A. K., Lalchandani, V., Murari, V., Devaprasad, M., Shivam, A., Bhushan, R., Prévôt, A. S. H., and Rastogi, N.: Contribution of fossil and biomass-derived secondary organic carbon to winter water-soluble organic aerosols in Delhi, India, Sci. Total Environ., 912, 168655, https://doi.org/10.1016/J.SCITOTENV.2023.168655, 2024.
Bikkina, P., Bikkina, S., Kawamura, K., Sudheer, A. K., Mahesh, G., and Kumar, S. K.: Evidence for brown carbon absorption over the Bay of Bengal during the southwest monsoon season: A possible oceanic source, Environ. Sci.-Proc. Imp., 22, 1743–1758, https://doi.org/10.1039/d0em00111b, 2020.
Bikkina, S. and Sarin, M.: Brown carbon in the continental outflow to the North Indian Ocean, Environ. Sci.-Proc. Imp., 21, 970–987, https://doi.org/10.1039/c9em00089e, 2019.
Bond, T. C. and Bergstrom, R. W.: Light absorption by carbonaceous particles: An investigative review, Aerosol Sci. Technol., 40, 27–67, https://doi.org/10.1080/02786820500421521, 2006.
Bond, T. C., Doherty, S. J., Fahey, D. W., Forster, P. M., Berntsen, T., Deangelo, B. J., Flanner, M. G., Ghan, S., Kärcher, B., Koch, D., Kinne, S., Kondo, Y., Quinn, P. K., Sarofim, M. C., Schultz, M. G., Schulz, M., Venkataraman, C., Zhang, H., Zhang, S., Bellouin, N., Guttikunda, S. K., Hopke, P. K., Jacobson, M. Z., Kaiser, J. W., Klimont, Z., Lohmann, U., Schwarz, J. P., Shindell, D., Storelvmo, T., Warren, S. G., and Zender, C. S.: Bounding the role of black carbon in the climate system: A scientific assessment, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 118, 5380–5552, https://doi.org/10.1002/JGRD.50171, 2013.
Bonjour, S., Adair-Rohani, H., Wolf, J., Bruce, N. G., Mehta, S., Prüss-Ustün, A., Lahiff, M., Rehfuess, E. A., Mishra, V., and Smith, K. R.: Solid fuel use for household cooking: Country and regional estimates for 1980–2010, Environ. Health Persp., 121, 784–790, https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP.1205987, 2013.
Boreddy, S. K. R., Hegde, P., Aswini, A. R., and Aryasree, S.: Chemical Characteristics, Size Distributions, Molecular Composition, and Brown Carbon in South Asian Outflow to the Indian Ocean, Earth Space Sci., 8, 1–32, https://doi.org/10.1029/2020EA001615, 2021.
Brown, H., Liu, X., Feng, Y., Jiang, Y., Wu, M., Lu, Z., Wu, C., Murphy, S., and Pokhrel, R.: Radiative effect and climate impacts of brown carbon with the Community Atmosphere Model (CAM5), Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 17745–17768, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-17745-2018, 2018.
Chakrabarty, R. K., Moosmüller, H., Chen, L.-W. A., Lewis, K., Arnott, W. P., Mazzoleni, C., Dubey, M. K., Wold, C. E., Hao, W. M., and Kreidenweis, S. M.: Brown carbon in tar balls from smoldering biomass combustion, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 6363–6370, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-6363-2010, 2010.
Chakrabarty, R. K., Shetty, N. J., Thind, A. S., Beeler, P., Sumlin, B. J., Zhang, C., Liu, P., Idrobo, J. C., Adachi, K., Wagner, N. L., Schwarz, J. P., Ahern, A., Sedlacek, A. J., Lambe, A., Daube, C., Lyu, M., Liu, C., Herndon, S., Onasch, T. B., and Mishra, R.: Shortwave absorption by wildfire smoke dominated by dark brown carbon, Nat. Geosci., 16, 683–688, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-023-01237-9, 2023.
Chelluboyina, G. S., Kapoor, T. S., and Chakrabarty, R. K.: Dark brown carbon from wildfires: a potent snow radiative forcing agent?, npj Clim. Atmos. Sci., 7, 200, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41612-024-00738-7, 2024.
Chen, L. W. A., Chow, J. C., Wang, X., Cao, J., Mao, J., and Watson, J. G.: Brownness of Organic Aerosol over the United States: Evidence for Seasonal Biomass Burning and Photobleaching Effects, Environ. Sci. Technol., 55, 8561–8572, https://doi.org/10.1021/ACS.EST.0C08706, 2021.
Chen, Y. and Bond, T. C.: Light absorption by organic carbon from wood combustion, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 1773–1787, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-1773-2010, 2010.
Cheng, Z., Atwi, K., Hajj, O. El, Ijeli, I., Fischer, D. Al, Smith, G., and Saleh, R.: Discrepancies between brown carbon light-absorption properties retrieved from online and offline measurements, Aerosol Sci. Technol., 55, 92–103, https://doi.org/10.1080/02786826.2020.1820940, 2021.
Choudhary, V., Rajput, P., Rajeev, P., and Gupta, T.: Synergistic effect in absorption properties of brown carbon and elemental carbon over IGP during weak south-west monsoon, Aerosol Sci. Eng., 1, 138–149, https://doi.org/10.1007/s41810-017-0013-1, 2017.
Choudhary, V., Rajput, P., Singh, D. K., Singh, A. K., and Gupta, T.: Light absorption characteristics of brown carbon during foggy and non-foggy episodes over the Indo–Gangetic Plain, Atmos. Pollut. Res., 9, 494–501, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apr.2017.11.012, 2018.
Choudhary, V., Singh, G. K., Gupta, T., and Paul, D.: Absorption and radiative characteristics of brown carbon aerosols during crop residue burning in the source region of Indo–Gangetic Plain, Atmos. Res., 249, 105285, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2020.105285, 2021.
Choudhary, V., Gupta, T., and Zhao, R.: Evolution of Brown Carbon Aerosols during Atmospheric Long-Range Transport in the South Asian Outflow and Himalayan Cryosphere, ACS Earth Sp. Chem., 6, 2335–2347, https://doi.org/10.1021/acsearthspacechem.2c00047, 2022.
Chow, J. C., Watson, J. G., Chen, L. W. A., Chang, M. C. O., Robinson, N. F., Trimble, D., and Kohl, S.: The IMPROVE_A Temperature Protocol for Thermal/Optical Carbon Analysis: Maintaining Consistency with a Long-Term Database, J. Air Waste Manage., 57, 1014–1023, https://doi.org/10.3155/1047-3289.57.9.1014, 2007.
Chow, J. C., Lowenthal, D. H., Chen, L. W. A., Wang, X., and Watson, J. G.: Mass reconstruction methods for PM2.5: a review, Air Qual. Atmos. Hlth., 8, 243–263, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11869-015-0338-3, 2015.
Corbin, J. C., Czech, H., Massabò, D., de Mongeot, F. B., Jakobi, G., Liu, F., Lobo, P., Mennucci, C., Mensah, A. A., Orasche, J., Pieber, S. M., Prévôt, A. S. H., Stengel, B., Tay, L. L., Zanatta, M., Zimmermann, R., El Haddad, I., and Gysel, M.: Infrared-absorbing carbonaceous tar can dominate light absorption by marine-engine exhaust, npj Clim. Atmos. Sci., 21, 1–10, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41612-019-0069-5, 2019.
Crippa, M., Guizzardi, D., Muntean, M., Schaaf, E., Dentener, F., van Aardenne, J. A., Monni, S., Doering, U., Olivier, J. G. J., Pagliari, V., and Janssens-Maenhout, G.: Gridded emissions of air pollutants for the period 1970–2012 within EDGAR v4.3.2, Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 10, 1987–2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-10-1987-2018, 2018.
Dasari, S., Andersson, A., Bikkina, S., Holmstrand, H., Budhavant, K., Satheesh, S., Asmi, E., Kesti, J., Backman, J., Salam, A., Bisht, D. S., Tiwari, S., Hameed, Z., and Gustafsson, Ö.: Photochemical degradation affects the light absorption of water-soluble brown carbon in the South Asian outflow, Sci. Adv., 5, 1–11, https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aau8066, 2019.
Debbarma, S., Raparthi, N., Venkataraman, C., and Phuleria, H. C.: Characterization and apportionment of carbonaceous aerosol emission factors from light-duty and heavy-duty vehicle fleets in Maharashtra, India, Environ. Pollut., 345, 123479, https://doi.org/10.1016/J.ENVPOL.2024.123479, 2024.
Devaprasad, M., Rastogi, N., Satish, R., Patel, A., Dabhi, A., Shivam, A., Bhushan, R., and Meena, R.: Dual carbon isotope-based brown carbon aerosol characteristics at a high-altitude site in the northeastern Himalayas: Role of biomass burning, Sci. Total Environ., 912, 169451, https://doi.org/10.1016/J.SCITOTENV.2023.169451, 2024.
Dey, S., Mukherjee, A., Polana, A. J., Rana, A., Mao, J., Jia, S., Yadav, A. K., Khillare, P. S., and Sarkar, S.: Brown carbon aerosols in the Indo–Gangetic Plain outflow: Insights from excitation emission matrix (EEM) fluorescence spectroscopy, Environ. Sci.-Proc. Imp., 23, 745–755, https://doi.org/10.1039/d1em00050k, 2021.
Dey, S., Ghosh, P., Rawat, P., Choudhary, N., Rai, A., Meena, R., Mandal, T. K., Mao, J., Jia, S., Rastogi, N., Sharma, S. K., and Sarkar, S.: Optical source apportionment of aqueous brown carbon (BrC) on a daytime and nighttime basis in the eastern Indo–Gangetic Plain (IGP) and insights from 13C and 15N isotopic signatures, Sci. Total Environ., 894, 164872, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.164872, 2023.
DRI Manual: DRI Model 2015 Multiwavelength Thermal/Optical Carbon Analyzer Installation, Operation, and Service Manual, Aerosol Magee Scientific, https://www.aerosolmageesci.com/products/dri-model-2015-series-2/ (last access: 14 April 2024), 2015.
Feng, Y., Ramanathan, V., and Kotamarthi, V. R.: Brown carbon: a significant atmospheric absorber of solar radiation?, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 8607–8621, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-8607-2013, 2013.
Gliß, J., Mortier, A., Schulz, M., Andrews, E., Balkanski, Y., Bauer, S. E., Benedictow, A. M. K., Bian, H., Checa-Garcia, R., Chin, M., Ginoux, P., Griesfeller, J. J., Heckel, A., Kipling, Z., Kirkevåg, A., Kokkola, H., Laj, P., Le Sager, P., Lund, M. T., Lund Myhre, C., Matsui, H., Myhre, G., Neubauer, D., van Noije, T., North, P., Olivié, D. J. L., Rémy, S., Sogacheva, L., Takemura, T., Tsigaridis, K., and Tsyro, S. G.: AeroCom phase III multi-model evaluation of the aerosol life cycle and optical properties using ground- and space-based remote sensing as well as surface in situ observations, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 87–128, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-87-2021, 2021.
Gyawali, M., Arnott, W. P., Zaveri, R. A., Song, C., Pekour, M., Flowers, B., Dubey, M. K., Setyan, A., Zhang, Q., Harworth, J. W., Radney, J. G., Atkinson, D. B., China, S., Mazzoleni, C., Gorkowski, K., Subramanian, R., Jobson, B. T., and Moosmüller, H.: Evolution of multispectral aerosol optical properties in a biogenically-influenced urban environment during the CARES campaign, Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., 13, 7113–7150, https://doi.org/10.5194/acpd-13-7113-2013, 2013.
Habib, G., Kumari, J., Khan, M., Zaidi, K., Yogesh, A., Nagendra, S. M. S., Navinya, C., Phuleria, H., Bombay, I., Arya, R., Mandal, T., Delhi, N., Muthalagu, A., Qureshi, A., Bhat, R., and Jehangir, A.: Estimating shifts in fuel stacking among solid biomass fuels and liquified petroleum gas in rural households: A pan-India analysis, Research Square [preprint], https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-2674609/v1, 2023.
Hecobian, A., Zhang, X., Zheng, M., Frank, N., Edgerton, E. S., and Weber, R. J.: Water-Soluble Organic Aerosol material and the light-absorption characteristics of aqueous extracts measured over the Southeastern United States, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 5965–5977, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-5965-2010, 2010.
Islam, M. M., Neyestani, S. E., Saleh, R., and Grieshop, A. P.: Quantifying brown carbon light absorption in real-world biofuel combustion emissions, Aerosol Sci. Technol., 56, 502–516, https://doi.org/10.1080/02786826.2022.2051425, 2022.
Jennings, S. G., Pinnick, R. G., and Gillespie, J. B.: Relation between absorption coefficient and imaginary index of atmospheric aerosol constituents, Appl. Optics, 18, 1368, https://doi.org/10.1364/ao.18.001368, 1979.
Kapoor, T. S., Venkataraman, C., Sarkar, C., Phuleria, H. C., Chatterjee, A., Habib, G., and Apte, J. S.: Estimation of real-time brown carbon absorption: An observationally constrained Mie theory-based optimization method, J. Aerosol Sci., 106047, https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JAEROSCI.2022.106047, 2022.
Kapoor, T. S., Phuleria, H. C., Sumlin, B., Shetty, N., Anurag, G., Bansal, M., Duhan, S. S., Khan, M. S., Laura, J. S., Manwani, P., Chakrabarty, R. K., and Venkataraman, C.: Optical Properties and Refractive Index of Wintertime Aerosol at a Highly Polluted North-Indian Site, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 128, 1–14, https://doi.org/10.1029/2022JD038272, 2023a.
Kapoor, T. S., Navinya, C., Anurag, G., Lokhande, P., Rathi, S., Goel, A., Sharma, R., Arya, R., Mandal, T. K., Jithin, K. P., Nagendra, S., Imran, M., Kumari, J., Muthalagu, A., Qureshi, A., Najar, T. A., Jehangir, A., Haswani, D., Raman, R. S., Rabha, S., Saikia, B., Lian, Y., Pandithurai, G., Chaudhary, P., Sinha, B., Dhandapani, A., Iqbal, J., Mukherjee, S., Chatterjee, A., Venkataraman, C., and Phuleria, H. C.: Reassessing the availability of crop residue as a bioenergy resource in India: A field-survey based study, J. Environ. Manage., 341, 118055, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.118055, 2023b.
Kirchstetter, T. W., Novakov, T., and Hobbs, P. V.: Evidence that the spectral dependence of light absorption by aerosols is affected by organic carbon, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 109, 1–12, https://doi.org/10.1029/2004JD004999, 2004.
Kirillova, E. N., Marinoni, A., Bonasoni, P., Vuillermoz, E., Facchini, M. C., Fuzzi, S., and Decesari, S.: Light absorption properties of brown carbon in the high Himalayas, J. Geophys. Res., 121, 9621–9639, https://doi.org/10.1002/2016JD025030, 2016.
Kroll, J. H. and Seinfeld, J. H.: Chemistry of secondary organic aerosol: Formation and evolution of low-volatility organics in the atmosphere, Atmos. Environ., 42, 3593–3624, https://doi.org/10.1016/J.ATMOSENV.2008.01.003, 2008.
Kroll, J. H., Chan, A. W. H., Ng, N. L., Flagan, R. C., and Seinfeld, J. H.: Reactions of semivolatile organics and their effects on secondary organic aerosol formation, Environ. Sci. Technol., 41, 3545–3550, https://doi.org/10.1021/ES062059X, 2007.
Kumar, V., Malyan, V., Sahu, M., Biswal, B., Pawar, M., and Dev, I.: Spatiotemporal analysis of fine particulate matter for India (1980–2021) from MERRA-2 using ensemble machine learning, Atmos. Pollut. Res., 14, 101834, https://doi.org/10.1016/J.APR.2023.101834, 2023.
Kumari, J., Khan, M. S., Bansal, M., Kapoor, T. S., and Habib, G.: Design, evaluation, and performance of portable sampling trains for monitoring and characterization of aerosols from mobile and stationary combustion sources, Aerosol Sci. Technol., 58, 1333–1346, https://doi.org/10.1080/02786826.2024.2412992, 2024.
Kurokawa, J. and Ohara, T.: Long-term historical trends in air pollutant emissions in Asia: Regional Emission inventory in ASia (REAS) version 3, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 12761–12793, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-12761-2020, 2020.
Kuwata, M., Zorn, S. R., and Martin, S. T.: Using elemental ratios to predict the density of organic material composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, Environ. Sci. Technol., 46, 787–794, https://doi.org/10.1021/ES202525Q, 2012.
Lack, D. A., Langridge, J. M., Bahreini, R., Cappa, C. D., Middlebrook, A. M., and Schwarz, J. P.: Brown carbon and internal mixing in biomass burning particles, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 109, 14802–14807, https://doi.org/10.1073/PNAS.1206575109, 2012.
Lee, J., Kim, J., Song, C. H., Kim, S. B., Chun, Y., Sohn, B. J., and Holben, B. N.: Characteristics of aerosol types from AERONET sunphotometer measurements, Atmos. Environ., 44, 3110–3117, https://doi.org/10.1016/J.ATMOSENV.2010.05.035, 2010.
Lin, G., Penner, J. E., Flanner, M. G., Sillman, S., Xu, L., and Zhou, C.: Radiative forcing of organic aerosol in the atmosphere and on snow: Effects of SOA and brown carbon, J. Geophys. Res., 119, 7453–7476, https://doi.org/10.1002/2013JD021186, 2014.
Liu, C., Chung, C. E., Yin, Y., and Schnaiter, M.: The absorption Ångström exponent of black carbon: from numerical aspects, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 6259–6273, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-6259-2018, 2018.
Liu, J., Bergin, M., Guo, H., King, L., Kotra, N., Edgerton, E., and Weber, R. J.: Size-resolved measurements of brown carbon in water and methanol extracts and estimates of their contribution to ambient fine-particle light absorption, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 12389–12404, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-12389-2013, 2013.
Lu, Z., Streets, D. G., Winijkul, E., Yan, F., Chen, Y., Bond, T. C., Feng, Y., Dubey, M. K., Liu, S., Pinto, J. P., and Carmichael, G. R.: Light absorption properties and radiative effects of primary organic aerosol emissions, Environ. Sci. Technol., 49, 4868–4877, https://doi.org/10.1021/ACS.EST.5B00211, 2015.
Luo, B., Kuang, Y., Huang, S., Song, Q., Hu, W., Li, W., Peng, Y., Chen, D., Yue, D., Yuan, B., and Shao, M.: Parameterizations of size distribution and refractive index of biomass burning organic aerosol with black carbon content, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 12401–12415, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-12401-2022, 2022.
Ma, J., Li, X., Gu, P., Dallmann, T. R., Presto, A. A., and Donahue, N. M.: Estimating ambient particulate organic carbon concentrations and partitioning using thermal optical measurements and the volatility basis set, Aerosol Sci. Technol., 50, 638–651, https://doi.org/10.1080/02786826.2016.1158778, 2016.
McDuffie, E. E., Smith, S. J., O'Rourke, P., Tibrewal, K., Venkataraman, C., Marais, E. A., Zheng, B., Crippa, M., Brauer, M., and Martin, R. V.: A global anthropogenic emission inventory of atmospheric pollutants from sector- and fuel-specific sources (1970–2017): an application of the Community Emissions Data System (CEDS), Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 12, 3413–3442, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-3413-2020, 2020.
Mcmeeking, G. R.: Dissertation the optical, chemical, and physical properties of aerosols and gases emitted by the laboratory combustion of wildland fuels, ProQuest Dissertations And Theses, Thesis (PhD), Colorado State University, 298 pp., ISBN 9781109013443, 2008.
Mukherjee, A., Dey, S., Rana, A., Jia, S., Banerjee, S., and Sarkar, S.: Sources and atmospheric processing of brown carbon and HULIS in the Indo–Gangetic Plain: Insights from compositional analysis, Environ. Pollut., 267, 115440, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115440, 2020.
Navinya, C., Kapoor, T. S., Gupta, A. K., Lokhande, P., Sharma, R., SV, L. P., SM, S. N., Kumari, J., Habib, G., Arya, R., Mandal, T. K., Muthalagu, A., Qureshi, A., Najar, T. A., Jehangir, A., Jain, S., Goel, A., Rabha, S., Saikia, B., Chaudhary, P., Sinha, B., Haswani, D., Raman, R. S., Dhandapani, A., Iqbal, J., Mukherjee, S., Chatterjee, A., Lian, Y., Pandithurai, G., Venkataraman, C., and Phuleria, H. C.: Heating and lighting: Understanding overlooked energy-consumption activities in the Indian residential sector, Environ. Res. Commun., 5, 045004, https://doi.org/10.1088/2515-7620/ACCA6F, 2023.
Navinya, C. D., Vinoj, V., and Pandey, S. K.: Evaluation of PM2.5 surface concentrations simulated by NASA's MERRA version 2 aerosol reanalysis over india and its relation to the air quality index, Aerosol Air Qual. Res., 20, 1329–1339, https://doi.org/10.4209/aaqr.2019.12.0615, 2020.
Neyestani, S. E. and Saleh, R.: Observationally constrained representation of brown carbon emissions from wildfires in a chemical transport model, Environ. Sci. Atmos., 2, 192–201, https://doi.org/10.1039/D1EA00059D, 2022.
Ohara, T., Akimoto, H., Kurokawa, J., Horii, N., Yamaji, K., Yan, X., and Hayasaka, T.: An Asian emission inventory of anthropogenic emission sources for the period 1980–2020, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 4419–4444, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-7-4419-2007, 2007.
Pandey, A., Sadavarte, P., Rao, A. B., and Venkataraman, C.: Trends in multi-pollutant emissions from a technology-linked inventory for India: II. Residential, agricultural and informal industry sectors, Atmos. Environ., 99, 341–352, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2014.09.080, 2014.
Pandey, A., Hsu, A., Tiwari, S., Pervez, S., and Chakrabarty, R. K.: Light Absorption by Organic Aerosol Emissions Rivals That of Black Carbon from Residential Biomass Fuels in South Asia, Environ. Sci. Tech. Let., 7, 266–272, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.estlett.0c00058, 2020.
Park, R. J., Kim, M. J., Jeong, J. I., Youn, D., and Kim, S.: A contribution of brown carbon aerosol to the aerosol light absorption and its radiative forcing in East Asia, Atmos. Environ., 44, 1414–1421, https://doi.org/10.1016/J.ATMOSENV.2010.01.042, 2010.
Provençal, S., Buchard, V., da Silva, A. M., Leduc, R., Barrette, N., Elhacham, E., and Wang, S. H.: Evaluation of PM2.5 surface concentrations simulated by version 1 of NASA's MERRA aerosol reanalysis over Israel and Taiwan, Aerosol Air Qual. Res., 17, 253–261, https://doi.org/10.4209/aaqr.2016.04.0145, 2017.
Rajeev, P., Choudhary, V., Chakraborty, A., and Kumar, G.: Light absorption potential of water-soluble organic aerosols in the two polluted urban locations in the central Indo–Gangetic Plain?, Environ. Pollut., 314, 120228, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120228, 2022.
Rana, A., Dey, S., Rawat, P., Mukherjee, A., Mao, J., Jia, S., Khillare, P. S., Yadav, A. K., and Sarkar, S.: Optical properties of aerosol brown carbon (BrC) in the eastern Indo–Gangetic Plain, Sci. Total Environ., 716, 137102, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137102, 2020.
Rastogi, N., Satish, R., Singh, A., Kumar, V., Thamban, N., Lalchandani, V., Shukla, A., Vats, P., Tripathi, S. N., Ganguly, D., Slowik, J., and Prevot, A. S. H.: Diurnal variability in the spectral characteristics and sources of water-soluble brown carbon aerosols over Delhi, Sci. Total Environ., 794, 148589, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148589, 2021.
Rathod, T., Sahu, S. K., Tiwari, M., Yousaf, A., Bhangare, R. C., and Pandit, G. G.: Light absorbing properties of brown carbon generated from pyrolytic combustion of household biofuels, Aerosol Air Qual. Res., 17, 108–116, https://doi.org/10.4209/aaqr.2015.11.0639, 2017.
Roden, C. A., Bond, T. C., Conway, S., and Osorto Pinel, A. B.: Emission factors and real-time optical properties of particles emitted from traditional wood burning cookstoves, Environ. Sci. Technol., 40, 6750–6757, https://doi.org/10.1021/es052080i, 2006.
Romonosky, D. E., Ali, N. N., Saiduddin, M. N., Wu, M., Lee, H. J. J., Aiona, P. K., and Nizkorodov, S. A.: Effective absorption cross sections and photolysis rates of anthropogenic and biogenic secondary organic aerosols, Atmos. Environ., 130, 172–179, https://doi.org/10.1016/J.ATMOSENV.2015.10.019, 2016.
Roy, S., Lam, Y. F., Hoque, M. M., and Chopra, S. S.: Review of Decadal Changes in ASEAN Emissions Based on Regional and Global Emission Inventory Datasets, Aerosol Air Qual. Res., 23, 220103, https://doi.org/10.4209/AAQR.220103, 2023.
Sadavarte, P., Rupakheti, M., Bhave, P., Shakya, K., and Lawrence, M.: Nepal emission inventory – Part I: Technologies and combustion sources (NEEMI-Tech) for 2001–2016, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 12953–12973, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-12953-2019, 2019.
Saleh, R.: From Measurements to Models: Toward Accurate Representation of Brown Carbon in Climate Calculations, Curr. Pollut. Reports, 6, 90–104, https://doi.org/10.1007/s40726-020-00139-3, 2020.
Saleh, R., Robinson, E. S., Tkacik, D. S., Ahern, A. T., Liu, S., Aiken, A. C., Sullivan, R. C., Presto, A. A., Dubey, M. K., Yokelson, R. J., Donahue, N. M., and Robinson, A. L.: Brownness of organics in aerosols from biomass burning linked to their black carbon content, Nat. Geosci., 7, 647–650, https://doi.org/10.1038/NGEO2220, 2014.
Saleh, R., Cheng, Z., and Atwi, K.: The Brown-Black Continuum of Light-Absorbing Combustion Aerosols, Environ. Sci. Tech. Let., 5, 508–513, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.estlett.8b00305, 2018.
Sand, M., Samset, B. H., Myhre, G., Gliß, J., Bauer, S. E., Bian, H., Chin, M., Checa-Garcia, R., Ginoux, P., Kipling, Z., Kirkevåg, A., Kokkola, H., Le Sager, P., Lund, M. T., Matsui, H., van Noije, T., Olivié, D. J. L., Remy, S., Schulz, M., Stier, P., Stjern, C. W., Takemura, T., Tsigaridis, K., Tsyro, S. G., and Watson-Parris, D.: Aerosol absorption in global models from AeroCom phase III, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 15929–15947, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-15929-2021, 2021.
Sarkar, C., Venkataraman, C., Yadav, S., Phuleria, H. C., and Chatterjee, A.: Origin and properties of soluble brown carbon in freshly emitted and aged ambient aerosols over an urban site in India, Environ. Pollut., 254, 113077, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113077, 2019.
Satish, R. and Rastogi, N.: On the Use of Brown Carbon Spectra as a Tool to Understand Their Broader Composition and Characteristics: A Case Study from Crop-residue Burning Samples, ACS Omega, 4, 1814–1853, https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.8b02637, 2019.
Satish, R., Rastogi, N., Singh, A., and Singh, D.: Change in characteristics of water-soluble and water-insoluble brown carbon aerosols during a large-scale biomass burning, Environ. Sci. Pollut. R., 27, 33339–33350, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-09388-7, 2020.
Shamjad, P. M., Tripathi, S. N., Thamban, N. M., and Vreeland, H.: Refractive index and absorption attribution of highly absorbing brown carbon aerosols from an urban Indian city-Kanpur, Sci. Rep., 6, 37735, https://doi.org/10.1038/SREP37735, 2016.
Shamjad, P. M., Satish, R. V., Thamban, N. M., Rastogi, N., and Tripathi, S. N.: Absorbing Refractive Index and Direct Radiative Forcing of Atmospheric Brown Carbon over Gangetic Plain, ACS Earth Sp. Chem., 2, 31–37, https://doi.org/10.1021/acsearthspacechem.7b00074, 2018.
Shetty, N., Liu, P., Liang, Y., Sumlin, B., Daube, C., Herndon, S., Goldstein, A. H., and Chakrabarty, R. K.: Brown carbon absorptivity in fresh wildfire smoke: associations with volatility and chemical compound groups, Environ. Sci. Atmos., 3, 1262–1271, https://doi.org/10.1039/d3ea00067b, 2023.
Soleimanian, E., Mousavi, A., Taghvaee, S., Sowlat, M. H., Hasheminassab, S., Polidori, A., and Sioutas, C.: Spatial trends and sources of PM2.5 organic carbon volatility fractions (OCx) across the Los Angeles Basin, Atmos. Environ., 209, 201–211, https://doi.org/10.1016/J.ATMOSENV.2019.04.027, 2019.
Srinivas, B. and Sarin, M. M.: Light absorbing organic aerosols (brown carbon) over the tropical Indian Ocean: Impact of biomass burning emissions, Environ. Res. Lett., 8, 044042, https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/8/4/044042, 2013.
Srinivas, B. and Sarin, M. M.: Brown carbon in atmospheric outflow from the Indo–Gangetic Plain: Mass absorption efficiency and temporal variability, Atmos. Environ., 89, 835–843, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2014.03.030, 2014.
Sumlin, B. J., Pandey, A., Walker, M. J., Pattison, R. S., Williams, B. J., and Chakrabarty, R. K.: Atmospheric Photooxidation Diminishes Light Absorption by Primary Brown Carbon Aerosol from Biomass Burning, Environ. Sci. Tech. Let., 4, 540–545, https://doi.org/10.1021/ACS.ESTLETT.7B00393, 2017.
Szopa, S., Naik, V., Adhikary, B., Artaxo, P., Berntsen, T., Collins, W. D., Fuzzi, S., Gallardo, L., Kiendler Scharr, A., Klimont, Z., Liao, H., Unger, N., and Zanis, P.: Short-Lived Climate Forcers, in: Climate Change 2021 – The Physical Science Basis: Working Group I Contribution to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Cambridge University Press, https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009157896.008, 817–922, 2021.
Tibrewal, K., Venkataraman, C., Phuleria, H., Joshi, V., Maithel, S., Damle, A., Gupta, A., Lokhande, P., Rabha, S., Saikia, B. K., Roy, S., Habib, G., Rathi, S., Goel, A., Ahlawat, S., Mandal, T. K., Azharuddin Hashmi, M., Qureshi, A., Dhandapani, A., Iqbal, J., Devaliya, S., Raman, R. S., Lian, Y., Pandithurai, G., Kuppili, S. K., Shiva Nagendra, M., Mukherjee, S., Chatterjee, A., Najar, T. A., Jehangir, A., Singh, J., and Sinha, B.: Reconciliation of energy use disparities in brick production in India, Nat. Sustain., 6, 1248–1257, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41893-023-01165-x, 2023.
Tibrewal, K., Venkataraman, C., Habib, G., Phuleria, H., Gupta, A., Gupta, G., Kumari, J., Chimurkar, N. D., Khan, S., and Singh Kapoor, T.: Country level anthropogenic emissions of GHGs and air pollutants over India for 2019 from Speciated Multipollutant Generator (SMoG)-India COALESCE emissions inventory (v0_2024_Jan_31), Zenodo [data set], https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10602217, 2024.
Tock, J. Y., Lai, C. L., Lee, K. T., Tan, K. T., and Bhatia, S.: Banana biomass as potential renewable energy resource: A Malaysian case study, Renew. Sust. Energ. Rev., 14, 798–805, https://doi.org/10.1016/J.RSER.2009.10.010, 2010.
Tohidi, R., Altuwayjiri, A., and Sioutas, C.: Investigation of organic carbon profiles and sources of coarse PM in Los Angeles, Environ. Pollut., 314, 120264, https://doi.org/10.1016/J.ENVPOL.2022.120264, 2022.
Turpin, B. J. and Lim, H.: Species Contributions to PM2.5 Mass Concentrations: Revisiting Common Assumptions for Estimating Organic Mass, Aerosol Sci. Tech., 35, 602–610, https://doi.org/10.1080/02786820119445, 2001.
Venkataraman, C., Bhushan, M., Dey, S., Ganguly, D., Gupta, T., Habib, G., Kesarkar, A., Phuleria, H., and Raman, R. S.: Indian Network Project on Carbonaceous Aerosol Emissions, Source Apportionment and Climate Impacts (COALESCE), B. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 101, E1052–E1068, https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-19-0030.1, 2020.
Vodička, P., Schwarz, J., Cusack, M., and Ždímal, V.: Detailed comparison of OC/EC aerosol at an urban and a rural Czech background site during summer and winter, Sci. Total Environ., 518–519, 424–433, https://doi.org/10.1016/J.SCITOTENV.2015.03.029, 2015.
Wang, J., Nie, W., Cheng, Y., Shen, Y., Chi, X., Wang, J., Huang, X., Xie, Y., Sun, P., Xu, Z., Qi, X., Su, H., and Ding, A.: Light absorption of brown carbon in eastern China based on 3-year multi-wavelength aerosol optical property observations and an improved absorption Ångström exponent segregation method, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 9061–9074, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-9061-2018, 2018.
Wang, Y., Hu, M., Li, X., and Xu, N.: Chemical Composition, Sources and Formation Mechanisms of Particulate Brown Carbon in the Atmosphere, Prog. Chem., 32, 627, https://doi.org/10.7536/PC190917, 2020.
Weyant, C., Athalye, V., Ragavan, S., Rajarathnam, U., Lalchandani, D., Maithel, S., Baum, E., and Bond, T. C.: Emissions from South Asian brick production, Environ. Sci. Technol., 48, 6477–6483, https://doi.org/10.1021/ES500186G, 2014.
Yevich, R. and Logan, J. A.: An assessment of biofuel use and burning of agricultural waste in the developing world, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 17, https://doi.org/10.1029/2002GB001952, 2003.
Zhang, A., Wang, Y., Zhang, Y., Weber, R. J., Song, Y., Ke, Z., and Zou, Y.: Modeling the global radiative effect of brown carbon: a potentially larger heating source in the tropical free troposphere than black carbon, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 1901–1920, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-1901-2020, 2020.
Zhu, Y., Wang, Q., Yang, X., Yang, N., and Wang, X.: Modeling investigation of brown carbon aerosol and its light absorption in China, Atmosphere-Basel, 12, 1–12, https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos12070892, 2021.
Short summary
Brown carbon (BrC) aerosols show an order-of-magnitude variation in their light absorption strength. Our understanding of BrC from real-world biomass burning remains limited, complicating the determination of its radiative impact. Our study reports absorption properties of BrC emitted from four major biomass burning sources using field measurements in India. It develops an absorption parameterization for BrC and examines the spatial variability in BrC's absorption strength across India.
Brown carbon (BrC) aerosols show an order-of-magnitude variation in their light absorption...
Altmetrics
Final-revised paper
Preprint