Articles | Volume 24, issue 18
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-10849-2024
© Author(s) 2024. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-10849-2024
© Author(s) 2024. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
26 Sep 2024
Research article |
| 26 Sep 2024
| 26 Sep 2024
Impact of meteorology and aerosol sources on PM2.5 and oxidative potential variability and levels in China
Jiemei Liu
Key Laboratory of Aerospace Thermophysics, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, 92 West Dazhi Street, Harbin 150001, China
Department of Environmental Science/Interdisciplinary Centre for Climate Change, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, Roskilde, Denmark
Jesper H. Christensen
Department of Environmental Science/Interdisciplinary Centre for Climate Change, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, Roskilde, Denmark
Zhuyun Ye
Department of Environmental Science/Interdisciplinary Centre for Climate Change, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, Roskilde, Denmark
Shikui Dong
Key Laboratory of Aerospace Thermophysics, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, 92 West Dazhi Street, Harbin 150001, China
Camilla Geels
Department of Environmental Science/Interdisciplinary Centre for Climate Change, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, Roskilde, Denmark
Jørgen Brandt
Department of Environmental Science/Interdisciplinary Centre for Climate Change, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, Roskilde, Denmark
Athanasios Nenes
Laboratory of Atmospheric Processes and Their Impacts, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
Center for the Study of Air Quality and Climate Change, Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas (FORTH), Thessaloniki, Greece
Yuan Yuan
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Key Laboratory of Aerospace Thermophysics, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, 92 West Dazhi Street, Harbin 150001, China
Department of Environmental Science/Interdisciplinary Centre for Climate Change, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, Roskilde, Denmark
Related authors
No articles found.
Romanos Foskinis, Anne-Claire Billault-Roux, Henrik Skov, Lise Lotte Sørensen, Sven-Erik Gryning, Athanasios Nenes, and Alexis Berne
Earth Syst. Sci. Data Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2026-549, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2026-549, 2026
Preprint under review for ESSD
Short summary
Short summary
We present a dataset collected with the WProf cloud radar during the CleanCloud Arctic Villum ExpeRiment campaign in northeast Greenland in spring 2024. It includes Doppler spectra, hydrometeor classification, and cloud observations that reveal the microphysical structure of Arctic clouds. The data show that multimodality, where different cloud particle populations coexist, is common and support studies of aerosol–cloud interactions and improvements in weather and climate models.
Ross J. Herbert, Larissa Lacher, Alexander Böhmländer, Mark D. Tarn, Antoine Canzi, Aidan Pantoya, Evelyn Freney, Kristina Höhler, Pia Bogert, Céline Planche, Ping Tian, Michael Adams, Sarah Barr, David Brus, Nicole Büttner, Martin Daily, Konstantinos Doulgeris, Konstantinos Eleftheriadis, Grant Forster, Romy Fösig, Dimitrios G. Georgakopoulos, Maria I. Gini, A. Gannet Hallar, Radovan Krejci, Elke Ludewig, Mauro Mazzola, Ian B. McCubbin, Athanasios Nenes, Tuukka Petäjä, Joseph Robinson, Franziska Vogel, Paul Zieger, Stephen Arnold, Kenneth S. Carslaw, Naruki Hiranuma, Ottmar Möhler, and Benjamin J. Murray
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 18, 6465–6483, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-18-6465-2026, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-18-6465-2026, 2026
Short summary
Short summary
Ice formation in sub-zero clouds is influenced by airborne particles called ice-nucleating particles (INPs), whose concentrations vary substantially over short time and spatial scales. To assess the role of INPs in our climate, a comprehensive and consistent global dataset is essential. Our GloPINE model-ready dataset is a major step in this direction, comprising 36,000 measurements made using a single instrument design (PINE) over 70,000 hours of operation at 20 Northern Hemisphere sites.
Ioannis Chaniotis, Paraskevi Georgakaki, Romanos Foskinis, Marilena Gidarakou, Maria Gini, Platon Patlakas, Konstantinos Eleftheriadis, Alexandros Papagiannis, Elissavet Bossioli, Nicole Clerx, Alexis Berne, Helena Flocas, and Athanasios Nenes
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2026-4645, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2026-4645, 2026
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (ACP).
Short summary
Short summary
This study implements three secondary ice production mechanisms in the RAMS-ICLAMS model to better represent mixed-phase clouds. Validated against CHOPIN campaign data and for two characteristic alpine cloud formations, these mechanisms improve ice crystal concentrations, cloud structure, and reflectivity. However, opposing precipitation responses have been predicted, highlighting a non linear response, which aligns with independent previous findings.
Magesh Mohan, Amy Sullivan, Emily Lill, Ilana Pollack, Alison Piasecki, Sarah Albertin, Ann Middlebrook, Wyndom Chace, Andrew Rollins, Carsten Warneke, Steven Brown, Lu Xu, Katherine Ball, John Crounse, Paul Wennberg, Stelios Kakavas, Spyros Pandis, Athanasios Nenes, and Rodney Weber
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2026-4960, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2026-4960, 2026
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (ACP).
Short summary
Short summary
Atmospheric fine particles contain liquid water and can be highly acidic. The amount of water and the acidity affect how these particles impact human health, ecosystems, and climate. Flying an aircraft across the continental United States in summer 2023, with a focus on four North American cities, we measured the properties needed to model particle water and acidity. We found the particles were consistently strongly acidic, even within wildfire smoke, and verified the model against observations.
Anouk Marsal, Fabrizia Cavalli, Elise Di Antonio, Stephan Houdier, Pamela Dominutti, Sophie Darfeuil, Jean-Luc Jaffrezo, Stéphane Sauvage, Jean-Philippe Putaud, Ian S. Mudway, Athanasios Nenes, Aikaterini Bougiatioti, Nikolaos Mihalopoulos, André S. H. Prévôt, Despina Paraskevopoulou, Ana Cvitešić Kušan, Sanja Frka, Ana Kroflič, Ajda Delić, Blanka Tariba Lovaković, Andreja Jurič, Carolina Molina, Daniele Contini, Maria Rachele Guascito, Mathilde Lintz, Davy Rousset, Hartmut Herrmann, Eduardo J. d. S. Souza, Frédéric Ledoux, Marc Fadel, Haoran Yu, Jianzhen Yu, Maria Teresa Baeza Romero, Maria Cerrato-Alvarez, Marloes F. van Os, Mathilde N. Delaval, Yamaris Mercedes Mena Cabrera, Nicole Trieu, Greg Evans, Nuria Galindo, Noelia Gómez-Sanchez, Hana Hlaváčková, Pavel Mikuška, Shrutika Kadam, Pourya Shahpoury, Purificación López-Mahía, Jorge Moreda-Piñeiro, Rico K. Y. Cheung, Markus Kalberer, Micol Introna, Sarah S. Steimer, Zhuoying Lin, Suzanne E. Paulson, Saima Iram, Svetlana Stevanovic, Thomas Audoux, Laurent Y. Alleman, Jianing Liu, Ting Fang, P. S. Ganesh Subramanian, Vishal Verma, Tuukka Petäjä, Xavier Querol, Gerard Hoek, Roy M. Harrison, and Gaëlle Uzu
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2026-3918, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2026-3918, 2026
Short summary
Short summary
This collaborative work from 26 worldwide laboratories assessed the measurement of atmospheric particles' oxidative potential (OP) using a common protocol. OP is a metric designed to inform on particles’ harmful effects. Over half of the laboratories obtained satisfactory results, and some critical steps such as liquid handling and OP mathematical determination were identified. Recommendations for future measurements and interlaboratory comparisons are also provided.
Patrick C. Taylor, Armin Sorooshian, Rei Ueyama, Sebastian Schmidt, Ihab Abboud, Quincy Allison, Kevin Barry, Sebastian Becker, Holly A. Bender, Joseph R. Bennett, James B. Blair, Niklas Bohn, Linette Boisvert, Matthew D. Brown, Roelof Bruintjes, Anthony Bucholtz, Megan Buzanowicz, Brian Cairns, Filippo Calì Quaglia, Eduard Chemyakin, Bo Chen, Gao Chen, Hong Chen, Yu-Wen Chen, Zezhen Cheng, Swarup China, Dan Chirica, Yonghoon Choi, Peter Colarco, Brian Collister, Ewan Crosbie, Maurice J. Cross, Janet Daniels, Paul DeMott, Joshua P. DiGangi, Alcide Giorgio di Sarra, Glenn S. Diskin, Erica K. Dolinar, Eva-Lou Edwards, Samuel Ephraim, Nikolaos Evangeliou, Romanos Foskinis, Francesca Gallo, Lan Gao, José Luis Gómez-Amo, Daisy Gonzalez, Christine Groot Zwaaftink, Pawan Gupta, Ivan Heckman, Michael Hendrickson, Miguel Ricardo A. Hilario, Ken Hirata, Michelle Hofton, Andrew L. Holen, Ulas Im, Alia L. Khan, Ralph Kahn, Alexei V. Korolev, Sonia Kreidenweis, Thomas Krumpen, Nathan Kurtz, Leslie Lait, Bradley Lamkin, Jack Landy, Nurun Nahar Lata, Paul Lawson, Samuel LeBlanc, Sean Leavor, Jing Li, Thorsten Markus, Hal Maring, Andreas H. Massling, Camille Mavis, Flynn McGinnity, Kerry Meyer, Gabriel Mojica, Richard H. Moore, Parker Morris, Giovanni Muscari, Vikas Nataraja, Amin R. Nehrir, Athanasios Nenes, Edward P. Nowottnick, Matteo Ottaviani, Chelsea Parker, Ryan Patnaude, Michael Perez, Russell J. Perkins, Colten Peterson, Alek Petty, Stevie Phothisane, Chris Polashenski, Kerri A. Pratt, Kayla M. Preisler, John Prytherch, David Rabine, Jens Redemann, Ju-Mee Ryoo, Joseph S. Schlosser, Vanessa Selimovic, Michael A. Shook, Morgan Silverman, Henrik Skov, Alexander Smirnov, Cassidy Soloff, Amy Solomon, Snorre Stamnes, Azusa Takeishi, David R. Thompson, K. Lee Thornhill, Rachel Tilling, Michael Tjernström, Monica Tosco, Pedro C. Valdelomar, David Van Gilst, Jian Wang, Zhien Wang, Andrzej Wasilewski, Manfred Wendisch, Brent Wilder, Edward L. Winstead, Albert Wu, Peng Xian, Lauren M. Zamora, Jiaoshi Zhang, Lei Zhang, Lu Zhang, Luke Ziemba, and Paquita Zuidema
Earth Syst. Sci. Data Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2026-241, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2026-241, 2026
Preprint under review for ESSD
Short summary
Short summary
This article summarizes the data sets collected during the Arctic Radiation Cloud aerosol Sea ice Interaction eXperiment (ARCSIX), NASA's most comprehensive Arctic field campaign to date. The overarching goal was to quantify the contributions of surface, clouds, aerosol particles, and precipitation to summer sea ice melt. This paper describes the ARCSIX implementation including the flight strategy, instruments, complementary data sets, access, and usage details.
Roman Pohorsky, Heather Guy, Ian Morley Brooks, Lea Haberstock, Nicolas Fauré, Paul Zieger, Julia Kojoj, Sonja Murto, Radiance Calmer, Benjamin Heutte, Michael Lonardi, Erik Schurch Thomson, Michael Tjernström, Jessie Creamean, Athanasios Nenes, and Julia Schmale
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 26, 10331–10353, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-10331-2026, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-10331-2026, 2026
Short summary
Short summary
This study presents tethered-balloon observations above Arctic sea ice showing that enhanced aerosol concentrations above low-level clouds are commonly observed. A closure analysis demonstrates that entrainment of these aerosols is required to reproduce observed cloud droplet numbers. Simulations indicate that neglecting this source can bias longwave radiative forcing, highlighting the need for vertical aerosol observations and improved model representation of aerosol entrainment at cloud top.
Gabriella Wallentin, Alexander Böhmländer, Ross Herbert, Heike Wex, Charlotte M. Beall, Pia Bogert, Zoé Brasseur, Jie Chen, Jessie M. Creamean, Paul J. DeMott, Oliver Eckermann, Kunfeng Gao, Xianda Gong, Silvia Henning, Naruki Hiranuma, Christina S. McCluskey, Christos Mitsios, Ottmar Möhler, Athanasios Nenes, Mark D. Tarn, Christian Tatzelt, Ping Tian, Yutaka Tobo, Franziska Vogel, André Welti, Elise Wilbourn, Jennifer Winstone, and Corinna Hoose
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2026-4134, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2026-4134, 2026
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for Atmospheric Measurement Techniques (AMT).
Short summary
Short summary
Ice nucleating particles (INPs) are aerosols essential for cloud ice formation in the temperature range -38 °C and 0 °C. Due to measurement challenges, the availability of observations of INPs remains scarce. This study applies machine learning to predict a global INP distribution using aerosol mass concentration reanalysis and observed INPs. This manuscript demonstrates that even with limited measurements, the occurrence of INPs can be estimated, following the spatial pattern of key aerosols.
Hailing Jia, David Neubauer, Yusuf Bhatti, Duncan Watson-Parris, Philip Stier, Johannes Quaas, Daniel Partridge, Ardit Arifi, Anne Kubin, Athanasios Nenes, Muhammed Irfan, Ulas Im, Carl Svenhag, Nick Schutgens, Bastiaan van Diedenhoven, Sylvaine Ferrachat, Ulrike Lohmann, Ina Tegen, Alice Henkes, Guangliang Fu, and Otto Hasekamp
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2026-3275, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2026-3275, 2026
Short summary
Short summary
Tiny aerosol particles affect Earth’s climate by interacting with clouds and sunlight, but their impact remains uncertain. Combining climate model simulations and emulators, we explored millions of model variants across different aerosol and cloud settings to identify the causes of the uncertainty. We found that aerosol emissions and cloud convection are key contributors. Our work suggests that better integration of existing observations could help reduce these uncertainties in the future.
Samuel Ephraim, Paquita Zuidema, Aaron Bansemer, Lintong Cai, Markus Petters, Elise Rosky, Jefferson R. Snider, Zhien Wang, Sarah Woods, Kevin Barry, Theresa Campos, Owen Cruikshank, Sabine Eckhardt, Nikolaos Evangeliou, Romanos Foskinis, Jeffrey R. French, Bart Geerts, Coltin Grasmick, Silvia Henning, Varun Kumar, Andreas Massling, Camille Mavis, Greg M. McFarquhar, Athanasios Nenes, Gunnar Noer, Ryan Patnaude, Russell Perkins, Lise Lotte Sorensen, Henrik Skov, Tyler Tatro, Florian Tornow, and Lu Zhang
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2026-2940, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2026-2940, 2026
Short summary
Short summary
The processes that establish how mixed-phase closed-cell clouds transition to more open cellular structures are poorly known. First-of-its kind aircraft observations document such a transition in the presence of anomalously high aerosol concentrations over the Nordic Seas at cloud temperatures < -15 °C. The reduces the drop size, discouraging riming. Eventually, ice precipitation produces surface cold pools that drive the convective transition, despite strong counteracting surface fluxes.
Kunfeng Gao, Romanos Foskinis, Marilena Gidarakou, Kalliopi Violaki, Guangyu Li, Benjamin Tobias Brem, Sophie Erb, Bernard Clot, Marie-José Graber, Branko Sikoparjja, Predrag Matavulj, Dusan Licina, Cuiqi Zhang, Benoît Crouzy, Alexandros Papayannis, Zamin A. Kanji, and Athanasios Nenes
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2026-2699, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2026-2699, 2026
Short summary
Short summary
This study identified bioaerosols (>85%) as the dominant source for ice nucleating particles in mixed-phase clouds at a semi-rural site in central Europe, using a combination of in-situ, remote sensing and airmass modelling analysis. We developed a bioaerosol-aware ice nucleating particle parameterization that outperformed existing dust-only schemes across multiple field datasets. These findings improve representation of bioaerosol–cloud interactions and reduce uncertainty in climate feedback.
Joanna Alden, Nora Bergner, Benjamin Heutte, Lionel Favre, Mihnea Surdu, Julian Weng, Marta Augugliaro, Patrik Winiger, Berkay Dönmez, Roman Pohorsky, Radiance Calmer, Carmelle Chatterjee, Kalliopi Violaki, Athanasios Nenes, Luke Gregor, Silvia Henning, and Julia Schmale
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 26, 7165–7191, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-7165-2026, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-7165-2026, 2026
Short summary
Short summary
We studied sources, vertical dispersion and properties of aerosols in a Greenlandic fjord system and identified four main types: marine background, local anthropogenic, growth events, biomass burning (BB). Anthropogenic emissions increased absorption coefficients, BB significantly increased the cloud condensation number concentrations, growth events were very similar to background with regards to scattering coefficients. Aerosol properties and origins were distinct throughout the boundary layer.
Montserrat Costa-Surós, María Gonçalves Ageitos, Marios Chatziparaschos, Paraskevi Georgakaki, Manu Anna Thomas, Gilbert Montané Pinto, Stelios Myriokefalitakis, Twan van Noije, Philippe Le Sager, Maria Kanakidou, Athanasios Nenes, and Carlos Pérez García-Pando
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 26, 2667–2690, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-2667-2026, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-2667-2026, 2026
Short summary
Short summary
Mixed-phase clouds play a key role in Earth’s climate but remain poorly represented in climate models. We improved their representation in the EC-Earth model by introducing an aerosol-sensitive scheme for ice formation and a machine-learning approach for secondary ice production. These advances produce more realistic cloud properties and radiative effects, highlighting that both processes are essential for reliable climate projections.
Marilena Gidarakou, Alexandros Papayannis, Kunfeng Gao, Panagiotis Gidarakos, Benoît Crouzy, Romanos Foskinis, Sophie Erb, Benjamin T. Brem, Cuiqi Zhang, Gian Lieberherr, Martine Collaud Coen, Branko Sikoparija, Zamin A. Kanji, Bernard Clot, Bertrand Calpini, Eugenia Giagka, and Athanasios Nenes
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 26, 923–945, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-923-2026, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-923-2026, 2026
Short summary
Short summary
Vertical profiles of pollen and biomass burning particles were obtained at a semi-rural site at the MeteoSwiss station near Payerne (Switzerland) using a novel multi-channel elastic-fluorescence lidar system combined with in situ measurements during the spring 2023 wildfires and pollination season during the PERICLES (PayernE lidaR and Insitu detection of fluorescent bioaerosol and dust partiCLES and their cloud impacts) campaign.
Yusuf A. Bhatti, Duncan Watson-Parris, Leighton A. Regayre, Hailing Jia, David Neubauer, Ulas Im, Carl Svenhag, Nick Schutgens, Athanasios Tsikerdekis, Athanasios Nenes, Muhammed Irfan, Bastiaan van Diedenhoven, Ardit Arifi, Guangliang Fu, and Otto P. Hasekamp
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 26, 269–293, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-269-2026, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-269-2026, 2026
Short summary
Short summary
Aerosols (small airborne particles) impact Earth's climate, but their extent is unknown. By running climate model simulations and using machine learning to emulate millions of additional variants with different settings, we found that natural emissions like sea spray and sulfur are key sources of uncertainty in climate predictions. Our work shows that understanding these natural processes better can help improve climate models and make future climate projections more accurate.
Anna Maria Neroladaki, Maria Tsagkaraki, Kyriaki Papoutsidaki, Kalliopi Tavernaraki, Filothei Boufidou, Pavlos Zarmpas, Irini Tsiodra, Eleni Liakakou, Aikaterini Bougiatioti, Giorgos Kouvarakis, Nikos Kalivitis, Christos Kaltsonoudis, Athanasios Karagioras, Dimitrios Balis, Konstantinos Michailidis, Konstantinos Kourtidis, Stelios Myriokefalitakis, Nikos Hatzianastassiou, Spyros N. Pandis, Athanasios Nenes, Nikolaos Mihalopoulos, and Maria Kanakidou
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 17953–17971, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-17953-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-17953-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Aerosol acidity affects aerosol composition and properties, and therefore climate, human health and ecosystems. We use summer and winter fine aerosol observations at 6 sites across Greece, and a thermodynamic model to calculate the spatial and seasonal variability of aerosol acidity. Aerosols were acidic to moderately acidic and more acidic during summer than winter. The importance of organics for aerosol acidity was small. Depending on location different factors controlled aerosol acidity.
Alex C. Ruane, Charlotte L. Pascoe, Claas Teichmann, David J. Brayshaw, Carlo Buontempo, Ibrahima Diouf, Jesus Fernandez, Paula L. M. Gonzalez, Birgit Hassler, Vanessa Hernaman, Ulas Im, Doroteaciro Iovino, Martin Juckes, Iréne L. Lake, Timothy Lam, Xiaomao Lin, Jiafu Mao, Negin Nazarian, Sylvie Parey, Indrani Roy, Wan-Ling Tseng, Briony Turner, Andrew Wiebe, Lei Zhao, and Damaris Zurell
Geosci. Model Dev., 18, 9497–9540, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-9497-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-9497-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
This paper describes how the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project organized its 7th phase (CMIP7) to encourage the production of Earth system model outputs relevant for impacts and adaptation. Community engagement identified 13 opportunities for application across human and natural systems, 60 variable groups and 539 unique variables. We also show how simulations can more efficiently meet applications needs by targeting appropriate resolution, time slices, experiments and variable groups.
Maria P. Georgopoulou, Kalliopi Florou, Angeliki Matrali, Georgia Starida, Christos Kaltsonoudis, Athanasios Nenes, and Spyros N. Pandis
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 15835–15855, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-15835-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-15835-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Residential biomass burning is an important wintertime source of aerosols. This study examined the complex diurnal aging cycles on biomass burning aerosol composition and oxidative potential, a key toxicity metric. Additional organic aerosol (OA) mass was produced after the two (day/night and night/day) cycles, varying from 35 to 90 % of the initial OA. The aging of the emissions led to a final oxidative potential increase of 60 % for both cycles.
Marc Guevara, Augustin Colette, Antoine Guion, Valentin Petiot, Mario Adani, Joaquim Arteta, Anna Benedictow, Robert Bergström, Andrea Bolignano, Paula Camps, Ana C. Carvalho, Jesper Heile Christensen, Florian Couvidat, Ilaria D'Elia, Hugo Denier van der Gon, Gaël Descombes, John Douros, Hilde Fagerli, Yalda Fatahi, Elmar Friese, Lise Frohn, Michael Gauss, Camilla Geels, Risto Hänninen, Kaj Hansen, Oriol Jorba, Jacek W. Kaminski, Rostislav Kouznetsov, Richard Kranenburg, Jeroen Kuenen, Victor Lannuque, Frédérik Meleux, Agnes Nyíri, Yuliia Palamarchuk, Carlos Pérez García-Pando, Lennard Robertson, Felicita Russo, Arjo Segers, Mikhail Sofiev, Joanna Struzewska, Renske Timmermans, Andreas Uppstu, Alvaro Valdebenito, and Zhuyun Ye
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 13245–13278, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-13245-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-13245-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Air quality models require hourly emissions to accurately represent dispersion and physico-chemical processes in the atmosphere. Since emission inventories are typically provided at the annual level, emissions are downscaled to a refined temporal resolution using temporal profiles. This study quantifies the impact of using new anthropogenic temporal profiles on the performance of an European air quality multi-model ensemble. Overall, the findings indicate an improvement of the modelling results.
Augustin Colette, Gaëlle Collin, François Besson, Etienne Blot, Vincent Guidard, Frédérik Meleux, Adrien Royer, Valentin Petiot, Claire Miller, Oihana Fermond, Alizé Jeant, Mario Adani, Joaquim Arteta, Anna Benedictow, Robert Bergström, Dene Bowdalo, Jorgen Brandt, Gino Briganti, Ana C. Carvalho, Jesper Heile Christensen, Florian Couvidat, Ilaria D'Elia, Massimo D'Isidoro, Hugo Denier van der Gon, Gaël Descombes, Enza Di Tomaso, John Douros, Jeronimo Escribano, Henk Eskes, Hilde Fagerli, Yalda Fatahi, Johannes Flemming, Elmar Friese, Lise Frohn, Michael Gauss, Camilla Geels, Guido Guarnieri, Marc Guevara, Antoine Guion, Jonathan Guth, Risto Hänninen, Kaj Hansen, Ulas Im, Ruud Janssen, Marine Jeoffrion, Mathieu Joly, Luke Jones, Oriol Jorba, Evgeni Kadantsev, Michael Kahnert, Jacek W. Kaminski, Rostislav Kouznetsov, Richard Kranenburg, Jeroen Kuenen, Anne Caroline Lange, Joachim Langner, Victor Lannuque, Francesca Macchia, Astrid Manders, Mihaela Mircea, Agnes Nyiri, Miriam Olid, Carlos Pérez García-Pando, Yuliia Palamarchuk, Antonio Piersanti, Blandine Raux, Miha Razinger, Lennard Robertson, Arjo Segers, Martijn Schaap, Pilvi Siljamo, David Simpson, Mikhail Sofiev, Anders Stangel, Joanna Struzewska, Carles Tena, Renske Timmermans, Thanos Tsikerdekis, Svetlana Tsyro, Svyatoslav Tyuryakov, Anthony Ung, Andreas Uppstu, Alvaro Valdebenito, Peter van Velthoven, Lina Vitali, Zhuyun Ye, Vincent-Henri Peuch, and Laurence Rouïl
Geosci. Model Dev., 18, 6835–6883, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-6835-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-6835-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
The Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service – Regional Production delivers daily forecasts, analyses, and reanalyses of air quality in Europe. The service relies on a distributed modelling production by 11 leading European modelling teams following stringent requirements with an operational design that has no equivalent in the world. All the products are free, open, and quality-assured and disseminated with a high level of reliability.
William J. Collins, Fiona M. O'Connor, Rachael E. Byrom, Øivind Hodnebrog, Patrick Jöckel, Mariano Mertens, Gunnar Myhre, Matthias Nützel, Dirk Olivié, Ragnhild Bieltvedt Skeie, Laura Stecher, Larry W. Horowitz, Vaishali Naik, Gregory Faluvegi, Ulas Im, Lee T. Murray, Drew Shindell, Kostas Tsigaridis, Nathan Luke Abraham, and James Keeble
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 9031–9060, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-9031-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-9031-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
We used 7 climate models that include atmospheric chemistry and find that in a scenario with weak controls on air quality, the warming effects (over 2015 to 2050) of decreases in ozone-depleting substances and increases in air quality pollutants are approximately equal and would make ozone the second highest contributor to warming over this period. We find that for stratospheric ozone recovery, the standard measure of climate effects underestimates a more comprehensive measure.
Marios Chatziparaschos, Stelios Myriokefalitakis, Nikos Kalivitis, Nikos Daskalakis, Athanasios Nenes, María Gonçalves Ageitos, Montserrat Costa-Surós, Carlos Pérez García-Pando, Mihalis Vrekoussis, and Maria Kanakidou
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 9085–9111, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-9085-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-9085-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
We show distinct seasonal and geographical patterns in the contributions of mineral dust, marine aerosol, and terrestrial biological particles to ice-nucleating particle (INP) concentrations that lead to atmospheric ice formation, a major source of uncertainty in climate projections. Bioaerosols are the major source of INPs at high temperatures, while mineral dust influences the global INP population at lower temperatures. These particles can satisfactorily reproduce INPs in a climate model.
Wanmin Gong, Stephen R. Beagley, Kenjiro Toyota, Henrik Skov, Jesper Heile Christensen, Alex Lupu, Diane Pendlebury, Junhua Zhang, Ulas Im, Yugo Kanaya, Alfonso Saiz-Lopez, Roberto Sommariva, Peter Effertz, John W. Halfacre, Nis Jepsen, Rigel Kivi, Theodore K. Koenig, Katrin Müller, Claus Nordstrøm, Irina Petropavlovskikh, Paul B. Shepson, William R. Simpson, Sverre Solberg, Ralf M. Staebler, David W. Tarasick, Roeland Van Malderen, and Mika Vestenius
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 8355–8405, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-8355-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-8355-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
This study showed that the springtime O3 depletion plays a critical role in driving the surface O3 seasonal cycle in the central Arctic. The O3 depletion events, while occurring most notably within the lowest few hundred metres above the Arctic Ocean, can induce a 5–7 % loss in the pan-Arctic tropospheric O3 burden during springtime. The study also found enhancements in O3 and NOy (mostly peroxyacetyl nitrate) concentrations in the Arctic due to northern boreal wildfires, particularly at higher altitudes.
Jakob Boyd Pernov, William H. Aeberhard, Michele Volpi, Eliza Harris, Benjamin Hohermuth, Sakiko Ishino, Ragnhild B. Skeie, Stephan Henne, Ulas Im, Patricia K. Quinn, Lucia M. Upchurch, and Julia Schmale
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 6497–6537, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-6497-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-6497-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Particulate methanesulfonic acid (MSAp) is vital for the Arctic climate system. Numerical models struggle to reproduce the MSAp seasonal cycle. We evaluate three numerical models and one reanalysis product’s ability to simulate MSAp. We develop data-driven models for MSAp at four Arctic stations. The data-driven models outperform the numerical models and reanalysis product and identified precursor source-, chemical-processing-, and removal-related features as being important for modeling MSAp.
Alexandros Milousis, Klaus Klingmüller, Alexandra P. Tsimpidi, Jasper F. Kok, Maria Kanakidou, Athanasios Nenes, and Vlassis A. Karydis
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 1333–1351, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-1333-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-1333-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
This study investigates the impact of dust on the global radiative effect of nitrate aerosols. The results indicate both positive and negative regional shortwave and longwave radiative effects due to aerosol–radiation interactions and cloud adjustments. The global average net REari and REaci of nitrate aerosols are −0.11 and +0.17 W m−2, respectively, mainly affecting the shortwave spectrum. Sensitivity simulations evaluated the influence of mineral dust composition and emissions on the results.
Pamela A. Dominutti, Jean-Luc Jaffrezo, Anouk Marsal, Takoua Mhadhbi, Rhabira Elazzouzi, Camille Rak, Fabrizia Cavalli, Jean-Philippe Putaud, Aikaterini Bougiatioti, Nikolaos Mihalopoulos, Despina Paraskevopoulou, Ian Mudway, Athanasios Nenes, Kaspar R. Daellenbach, Catherine Banach, Steven J. Campbell, Hana Cigánková, Daniele Contini, Greg Evans, Maria Georgopoulou, Manuella Ghanem, Drew A. Glencross, Maria Rachele Guascito, Hartmut Herrmann, Saima Iram, Maja Jovanović, Milena Jovašević-Stojanović, Markus Kalberer, Ingeborg M. Kooter, Suzanne E. Paulson, Anil Patel, Esperanza Perdrix, Maria Chiara Pietrogrande, Pavel Mikuška, Jean-Jacques Sauvain, Katerina Seitanidi, Pourya Shahpoury, Eduardo J. d. S. Souza, Sarah Steimer, Svetlana Stevanovic, Guillaume Suarez, P. S. Ganesh Subramanian, Battist Utinger, Marloes F. van Os, Vishal Verma, Xing Wang, Rodney J. Weber, Yuhan Yang, Xavier Querol, Gerard Hoek, Roy M. Harrison, and Gaëlle Uzu
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 18, 177–195, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-18-177-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-18-177-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
In this work, 20 labs worldwide collaborated to evaluate the measurement of air pollution's oxidative potential (OP), a key indicator of its harmful effects. The study aimed to identify disparities in the widely used OP dithiothreitol assay and assess the consistency of OP among labs using the same protocol. The results showed that half of the labs achieved acceptable results. However, variability was also found, highlighting the need for standardisation in OP procedures.
Manu Anna Thomas, Klaus Wyser, Shiyu Wang, Marios Chatziparaschos, Paraskevi Georgakaki, Montserrat Costa-Surós, Maria Gonçalves Ageitos, Maria Kanakidou, Carlos Pérez García-Pando, Athanasios Nenes, Twan van Noije, Philippe Le Sager, and Abhay Devasthale
Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 6903–6927, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-6903-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-6903-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Aerosol–cloud interactions occur at a range of spatio-temporal scales. While evaluating recent developments in EC-Earth3-AerChem, this study aims to understand the extent to which the Twomey effect manifests itself at larger scales. We find a reduction in the warm bias over the Southern Ocean due to model improvements. While we see footprints of the Twomey effect at larger scales, the negative relationship between cloud droplet number and liquid water drives the shortwave radiative effect.
Kunfeng Gao, Franziska Vogel, Romanos Foskinis, Stergios Vratolis, Maria I. Gini, Konstantinos Granakis, Anne-Claire Billault-Roux, Paraskevi Georgakaki, Olga Zografou, Prodromos Fetfatzis, Alexis Berne, Alexandros Papayannis, Konstantinos Eleftheridadis, Ottmar Möhler, and Athanasios Nenes
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 9939–9974, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-9939-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-9939-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Ice nucleating particle (INP) concentrations are required for correct predictions of clouds and precipitation in a changing climate, but they are poorly constrained in climate models. We unravel source contributions to INPs in the eastern Mediterranean and find that biological particles are important, regardless of their origin. The parameterizations developed exhibit superior performance and enable models to consider biological-particle effects on INPs.
Romanos Foskinis, Ghislain Motos, Maria I. Gini, Olga Zografou, Kunfeng Gao, Stergios Vratolis, Konstantinos Granakis, Ville Vakkari, Kalliopi Violaki, Andreas Aktypis, Christos Kaltsonoudis, Zongbo Shi, Mika Komppula, Spyros N. Pandis, Konstantinos Eleftheriadis, Alexandros Papayannis, and Athanasios Nenes
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 9827–9842, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-9827-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-9827-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Analysis of modeling, in situ, and remote sensing measurements reveals the microphysical state of orographic clouds and their response to aerosol from the boundary layer and free troposphere. We show that cloud response to aerosol is robust, as predicted supersaturation and cloud droplet number levels agree with those determined from in-cloud measurements. The ability to determine if clouds are velocity- or aerosol-limited allows for novel model constraints and remote sensing products.
Olga Zografou, Maria Gini, Prodromos Fetfatzis, Konstantinos Granakis, Romanos Foskinis, Manousos Ioannis Manousakas, Fotios Tsopelas, Evangelia Diapouli, Eleni Dovrou, Christina N. Vasilakopoulou, Alexandros Papayannis, Spyros N. Pandis, Athanasios Nenes, and Konstantinos Eleftheriadis
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 8911–8926, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-8911-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-8911-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Characterization of PM1 and positive matrix factorization (PMF) source apportionment of organic and inorganic fractions were conducted at the high-altitude station (HAC)2. Cloud presence reduced PM1, affecting sulfate more than organics. Free-troposphere (FT) conditions showed more black carbon (eBC) than planetary boundary layer (PBL) conditions.
Stephanie Fiedler, Vaishali Naik, Fiona M. O'Connor, Christopher J. Smith, Paul Griffiths, Ryan J. Kramer, Toshihiko Takemura, Robert J. Allen, Ulas Im, Matthew Kasoar, Angshuman Modak, Steven Turnock, Apostolos Voulgarakis, Duncan Watson-Parris, Daniel M. Westervelt, Laura J. Wilcox, Alcide Zhao, William J. Collins, Michael Schulz, Gunnar Myhre, and Piers M. Forster
Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 2387–2417, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-2387-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-2387-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Climate scientists want to better understand modern climate change. Thus, climate model experiments are performed and compared. The results of climate model experiments differ, as assessed in the latest Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) assessment report. This article gives insights into the challenges and outlines opportunities for further improving the understanding of climate change. It is based on views of a group of experts in atmospheric composition–climate interactions.
Ville-Veikko Paunu, Niko Karvosenoja, David Segersson, Susana López-Aparicio, Ole-Kenneth Nielsen, Marlene Schmidt Plejdrup, Throstur Thorsteinsson, Dam Thanh Vo, Jeroen Kuenen, Hugo Denier van der Gon, Jukka-Pekka Jalkanen, Jørgen Brandt, and Camilla Geels
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 1453–1474, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-1453-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-1453-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Air pollution is an important cause of adverse health effects, even in Nordic countries. To assess their health impacts, emission inventories with high spatial resolution are needed. We studied how national data and methods for the spatial distribution of the emissions compare to a European level inventory. For road transport the methods are well established, but for machinery and off-road emissions the current recommendations for the spatial distribution of these emissions should be improved.
Alexandros Milousis, Alexandra P. Tsimpidi, Holger Tost, Spyros N. Pandis, Athanasios Nenes, Astrid Kiendler-Scharr, and Vlassis A. Karydis
Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 1111–1131, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-1111-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-1111-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study aims to evaluate the newly developed ISORROPIA-lite aerosol thermodynamic module within the EMAC model and explore discrepancies in global atmospheric simulations of aerosol composition and acidity by utilizing different aerosol phase states. Even though local differences were found in regions where the RH ranged from 20 % to 60 %, on a global scale the results are similar. Therefore, ISORROPIA-lite can be a reliable and computationally effective alternative to ISORROPIA II in EMAC.
Victoria A. Flood, Kimberly Strong, Cynthia H. Whaley, Kaley A. Walker, Thomas Blumenstock, James W. Hannigan, Johan Mellqvist, Justus Notholt, Mathias Palm, Amelie N. Röhling, Stephen Arnold, Stephen Beagley, Rong-You Chien, Jesper Christensen, Makoto Deushi, Srdjan Dobricic, Xinyi Dong, Joshua S. Fu, Michael Gauss, Wanmin Gong, Joakim Langner, Kathy S. Law, Louis Marelle, Tatsuo Onishi, Naga Oshima, David A. Plummer, Luca Pozzoli, Jean-Christophe Raut, Manu A. Thomas, Svetlana Tsyro, and Steven Turnock
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 1079–1118, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-1079-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-1079-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
It is important to understand the composition of the Arctic atmosphere and how it is changing. Atmospheric models provide simulations that can inform policy. This study examines simulations of CH4, CO, and O3 by 11 models. Model performance is assessed by comparing results matched in space and time to measurements from five high-latitude ground-based infrared spectrometers. This work finds that models generally underpredict the concentrations of these gases in the Arctic troposphere.
Calvin Howes, Pablo E. Saide, Hugh Coe, Amie Dobracki, Steffen Freitag, Jim M. Haywood, Steven G. Howell, Siddhant Gupta, Janek Uin, Mary Kacarab, Chongai Kuang, L. Ruby Leung, Athanasios Nenes, Greg M. McFarquhar, James Podolske, Jens Redemann, Arthur J. Sedlacek, Kenneth L. Thornhill, Jenny P. S. Wong, Robert Wood, Huihui Wu, Yang Zhang, Jianhao Zhang, and Paquita Zuidema
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 13911–13940, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-13911-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-13911-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
To better understand smoke properties and its interactions with clouds, we compare the WRF-CAM5 model with observations from ORACLES, CLARIFY, and LASIC field campaigns in the southeastern Atlantic in August 2017. The model transports and mixes smoke well but does not fully capture some important processes. These include smoke chemical and physical aging over 4–12 days, smoke removal by rain, sulfate particle formation, aerosol activation into cloud droplets, and boundary layer turbulence.
Ghislain Motos, Gabriel Freitas, Paraskevi Georgakaki, Jörg Wieder, Guangyu Li, Wenche Aas, Chris Lunder, Radovan Krejci, Julie Thérèse Pasquier, Jan Henneberger, Robert Oscar David, Christoph Ritter, Claudia Mohr, Paul Zieger, and Athanasios Nenes
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 13941–13956, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-13941-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-13941-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Low-altitude clouds play a key role in regulating the climate of the Arctic, a region that suffers from climate change more than any other on the planet. We gathered meteorological and aerosol physical and chemical data over a year and utilized them for a parameterization that help us unravel the factors driving and limiting the efficiency of cloud droplet formation. We then linked this information to the sources of aerosol found during each season and to processes of cloud glaciation.
Stylianos Kakavas, Spyros N. Pandis, and Athanasios Nenes
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 13555–13564, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-13555-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-13555-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Water uptake from organic species in aerosol can affect the partitioning of semi-volatile inorganic compounds but are not considered in global and chemical transport models. We address this with a version of the PM-CAMx model that considers such organic water effects and use it to carry out 1-year aerosol simulations over the continental US. We show that such organic water impacts can increase dry PM1 levels by up to 2 μg m-3 when RH levels and PM1 concentrations are high.
Guangyu Li, Elise K. Wilbourn, Zezhen Cheng, Jörg Wieder, Allison Fagerson, Jan Henneberger, Ghislain Motos, Rita Traversi, Sarah D. Brooks, Mauro Mazzola, Swarup China, Athanasios Nenes, Ulrike Lohmann, Naruki Hiranuma, and Zamin A. Kanji
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 10489–10516, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-10489-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-10489-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
In this work, we present results from an Arctic field campaign (NASCENT) in Ny-Ålesund, Svalbard, on the abundance, variability, physicochemical properties, and potential sources of ice-nucleating particles (INPs) relevant for mixed-phase cloud formation. This work improves the data coverage of Arctic INPs and aerosol properties, allowing for the validation of models predicting cloud microphysical and radiative properties of mixed-phase clouds in the rapidly warming Arctic.
Anne-Claire Billault-Roux, Paraskevi Georgakaki, Josué Gehring, Louis Jaffeux, Alfons Schwarzenboeck, Pierre Coutris, Athanasios Nenes, and Alexis Berne
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 10207–10234, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-10207-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-10207-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Secondary ice production plays a key role in clouds and precipitation. In this study, we analyze radar measurements from a snowfall event in the Jura Mountains. Complex signatures are observed, which reveal that ice crystals were formed through various processes. An analysis of multi-sensor data suggests that distinct ice multiplication processes were taking place. Both the methods used and the insights gained through this case study contribute to a better understanding of snowfall microphysics.
Mária Lbadaoui-Darvas, Ari Laaksonen, and Athanasios Nenes
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 10057–10074, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-10057-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-10057-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Heterogeneous ice nucleation is the main ice formation mechanism in clouds. The mechanism of different freezing modes is to date unknown, which results in large model biases. Experiments do not allow for direct observation of ice nucleation at its native resolution. This work uses first principles molecular simulations to determine the mechanism of the least-understood ice nucleation mode and link it to adsorption through a novel modeling framework that unites ice and droplet formation.
Amir Yazdani, Satoshi Takahama, John K. Kodros, Marco Paglione, Mauro Masiol, Stefania Squizzato, Kalliopi Florou, Christos Kaltsonoudis, Spiro D. Jorga, Spyros N. Pandis, and Athanasios Nenes
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 7461–7477, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-7461-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-7461-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Organic aerosols directly emitted from wood and pellet stove combustion are found to chemically transform (approximately 15 %–35 % by mass) under daytime aging conditions simulated in an environmental chamber. A new marker for lignin-like compounds is found to degrade at a different rate than previously identified biomass burning markers and can potentially provide indication of aging time in ambient samples.
Emily D. Lenhardt, Lan Gao, Jens Redemann, Feng Xu, Sharon P. Burton, Brian Cairns, Ian Chang, Richard A. Ferrare, Chris A. Hostetler, Pablo E. Saide, Calvin Howes, Yohei Shinozuka, Snorre Stamnes, Mary Kacarab, Amie Dobracki, Jenny Wong, Steffen Freitag, and Athanasios Nenes
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 16, 2037–2054, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-2037-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-2037-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Small atmospheric particles, such as smoke from wildfires or pollutants from human activities, impact cloud properties, and clouds have a strong influence on climate. To better understand the distributions of these particles, we develop relationships to derive their concentrations from remote sensing measurements from an instrument called a lidar. Our method is reliable for smoke particles, and similar steps can be taken to develop relationships for other particle types.
Marios Chatziparaschos, Nikos Daskalakis, Stelios Myriokefalitakis, Nikos Kalivitis, Athanasios Nenes, María Gonçalves Ageitos, Montserrat Costa-Surós, Carlos Pérez García-Pando, Medea Zanoli, Mihalis Vrekoussis, and Maria Kanakidou
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 1785–1801, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-1785-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-1785-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Ice formation is enabled by ice-nucleating particles (INP) at higher temperatures than homogeneous formation and can profoundly affect the properties of clouds. Our global model results show that K-feldspar is the most important contributor to INP concentrations globally, affecting mid-level mixed-phase clouds. However, quartz can significantly contribute and dominates the lowest and the highest altitudes of dust-derived INP, affecting mainly low-level and high-level mixed-phase clouds.
Cynthia H. Whaley, Kathy S. Law, Jens Liengaard Hjorth, Henrik Skov, Stephen R. Arnold, Joakim Langner, Jakob Boyd Pernov, Garance Bergeron, Ilann Bourgeois, Jesper H. Christensen, Rong-You Chien, Makoto Deushi, Xinyi Dong, Peter Effertz, Gregory Faluvegi, Mark Flanner, Joshua S. Fu, Michael Gauss, Greg Huey, Ulas Im, Rigel Kivi, Louis Marelle, Tatsuo Onishi, Naga Oshima, Irina Petropavlovskikh, Jeff Peischl, David A. Plummer, Luca Pozzoli, Jean-Christophe Raut, Tom Ryerson, Ragnhild Skeie, Sverre Solberg, Manu A. Thomas, Chelsea Thompson, Kostas Tsigaridis, Svetlana Tsyro, Steven T. Turnock, Knut von Salzen, and David W. Tarasick
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 637–661, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-637-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-637-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This study summarizes recent research on ozone in the Arctic, a sensitive and rapidly warming region. We find that the seasonal cycles of near-surface atmospheric ozone are variable depending on whether they are near the coast, inland, or at high altitude. Several global model simulations were evaluated, and we found that because models lack some of the ozone chemistry that is important for the coastal Arctic locations, they do not accurately simulate ozone there.
Caroline Dang, Michal Segal-Rozenhaimer, Haochi Che, Lu Zhang, Paola Formenti, Jonathan Taylor, Amie Dobracki, Sara Purdue, Pui-Shan Wong, Athanasios Nenes, Arthur Sedlacek III, Hugh Coe, Jens Redemann, Paquita Zuidema, Steven Howell, and James Haywood
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 9389–9412, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-9389-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-9389-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Transmission electron microscopy was used to analyze aged African smoke particles and how the smoke interacts with the marine atmosphere. We found that the volatility of organic aerosol increases with biomass burning plume age, that black carbon is often mixed with potassium salts and that the marine atmosphere can incorporate Na and Cl into smoke particles. Marine salts are more processed when mixed with smoke plumes, and there are interesting Cl-rich yet Na-absent marine particles.
Lu Zhang, Michal Segal-Rozenhaimer, Haochi Che, Caroline Dang, Arthur J. Sedlacek III, Ernie R. Lewis, Amie Dobracki, Jenny P. S. Wong, Paola Formenti, Steven G. Howell, and Athanasios Nenes
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 9199–9213, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-9199-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-9199-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Widespread biomass burning (BB) events occur annually in Africa and contribute ~ 1 / 3 of global BB emissions, which contain a large family of light-absorbing organics, known as brown carbon (BrC), whose absorption of incident radiation is difficult to estimate, leading to large uncertainties in the global radiative forcing estimation. This study quantifies the BrC absorption of aged BB particles and highlights the potential presence of absorbing iron oxides in this climatically important region.
Cynthia H. Whaley, Rashed Mahmood, Knut von Salzen, Barbara Winter, Sabine Eckhardt, Stephen Arnold, Stephen Beagley, Silvia Becagli, Rong-You Chien, Jesper Christensen, Sujay Manish Damani, Xinyi Dong, Konstantinos Eleftheriadis, Nikolaos Evangeliou, Gregory Faluvegi, Mark Flanner, Joshua S. Fu, Michael Gauss, Fabio Giardi, Wanmin Gong, Jens Liengaard Hjorth, Lin Huang, Ulas Im, Yugo Kanaya, Srinath Krishnan, Zbigniew Klimont, Thomas Kühn, Joakim Langner, Kathy S. Law, Louis Marelle, Andreas Massling, Dirk Olivié, Tatsuo Onishi, Naga Oshima, Yiran Peng, David A. Plummer, Olga Popovicheva, Luca Pozzoli, Jean-Christophe Raut, Maria Sand, Laura N. Saunders, Julia Schmale, Sangeeta Sharma, Ragnhild Bieltvedt Skeie, Henrik Skov, Fumikazu Taketani, Manu A. Thomas, Rita Traversi, Kostas Tsigaridis, Svetlana Tsyro, Steven Turnock, Vito Vitale, Kaley A. Walker, Minqi Wang, Duncan Watson-Parris, and Tahya Weiss-Gibbons
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 5775–5828, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-5775-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-5775-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Air pollutants, like ozone and soot, play a role in both global warming and air quality. Atmospheric models are often used to provide information to policy makers about current and future conditions under different emissions scenarios. In order to have confidence in those simulations, in this study we compare simulated air pollution from 18 state-of-the-art atmospheric models to measured air pollution in order to assess how well the models perform.
Ranjeet S. Sokhi, Nicolas Moussiopoulos, Alexander Baklanov, John Bartzis, Isabelle Coll, Sandro Finardi, Rainer Friedrich, Camilla Geels, Tiia Grönholm, Tomas Halenka, Matthias Ketzel, Androniki Maragkidou, Volker Matthias, Jana Moldanova, Leonidas Ntziachristos, Klaus Schäfer, Peter Suppan, George Tsegas, Greg Carmichael, Vicente Franco, Steve Hanna, Jukka-Pekka Jalkanen, Guus J. M. Velders, and Jaakko Kukkonen
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 4615–4703, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-4615-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-4615-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This review of air quality research focuses on developments over the past decade. The article considers current and future challenges that are important from air quality research and policy perspectives and highlights emerging prominent gaps of knowledge. The review also examines how air pollution management needs to adapt to new challenges and makes recommendations to guide the direction for future air quality research within the wider community and to provide support for policy.
Stelios Myriokefalitakis, Elisa Bergas-Massó, María Gonçalves-Ageitos, Carlos Pérez García-Pando, Twan van Noije, Philippe Le Sager, Akinori Ito, Eleni Athanasopoulou, Athanasios Nenes, Maria Kanakidou, Maarten C. Krol, and Evangelos Gerasopoulos
Geosci. Model Dev., 15, 3079–3120, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-15-3079-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-15-3079-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We here describe the implementation of atmospheric multiphase processes in the EC-Earth Earth system model. We provide global budgets of oxalate, sulfate, and iron-containing aerosols, along with an analysis of the links among atmospheric composition, aqueous-phase processes, and aerosol dissolution, supported by comparison to observations. This work is a first step towards an interactive calculation of the deposition of bioavailable atmospheric iron coupled to the model’s ocean component.
Patricia Tarín-Carrasco, Ulas Im, Camilla Geels, Laura Palacios-Peña, and Pedro Jiménez-Guerrero
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 3945–3965, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-3945-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-3945-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The evidence of the effects of atmospheric pollution (and particularly fine particulate matter, PM2.5) on human mortality is now unquestionable. Here, 895 000 annual premature deaths (PD) are estimated for the present (1991–2010), which increases to 1 540 000 in the year 2050 due to the ageing of the European population. The implementation of a mitigation scenario (80 % of the energy production in Europe from renewable sources) could lead to a decrease of over 60 000 annual PD for the year 2050.
Paraskevi Georgakaki, Georgia Sotiropoulou, Étienne Vignon, Anne-Claire Billault-Roux, Alexis Berne, and Athanasios Nenes
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 1965–1988, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-1965-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-1965-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The modelling study focuses on the importance of ice multiplication processes in orographic mixed-phase clouds, which is one of the least understood cloud types in the climate system. We show that the consideration of ice seeding and secondary ice production through ice–ice collisional breakup is essential for correct predictions of precipitation in mountainous terrain, with important implications for radiation processes.
Irini Tsiodra, Georgios Grivas, Kalliopi Tavernaraki, Aikaterini Bougiatioti, Maria Apostolaki, Despina Paraskevopoulou, Alexandra Gogou, Constantine Parinos, Konstantina Oikonomou, Maria Tsagkaraki, Pavlos Zarmpas, Athanasios Nenes, and Nikolaos Mihalopoulos
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 17865–17883, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-17865-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-17865-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We analyze observations from year-long measurements at Athens, Greece. Nighttime wintertime PAH levels are 4 times higher than daytime, and wintertime values are 15 times higher than summertime. Biomass burning aerosol during wintertime pollution events is responsible for these significant wintertime enhancements and accounts for 43 % of the population exposure to PAH carcinogenic risk. Biomass burning poses additional health risks beyond those associated with the high PM levels that develop.
Mária Lbadaoui-Darvas, Satoshi Takahama, and Athanasios Nenes
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 17687–17714, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-17687-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-17687-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Aerosol–cloud interactions constitute the most uncertain contribution to climate change. The uptake kinetics of water by aerosol is a central process of cloud droplet formation, yet its molecular-scale mechanism is unknown. We use molecular simulations to study this process for phase-separated organic particles. Our results explain the increased cloud condensation activity of such particles and can be generalized over various compositions, thus possibly serving as a basis for future models.
Spiro D. Jorga, Kalliopi Florou, Christos Kaltsonoudis, John K. Kodros, Christina Vasilakopoulou, Manuela Cirtog, Axel Fouqueau, Bénédicte Picquet-Varrault, Athanasios Nenes, and Spyros N. Pandis
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 15337–15349, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-15337-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-15337-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We test the hypothesis that significant secondary organic aerosol production can take place even during winter nights through the oxidation of the emitted organic vapors by the nitrate radicals produced during the reaction of ozone and nitrogen oxides. Our experiments, using as a starting point the ambient air of an urban area with high biomass burning activity, demonstrate that, even with sunlight, there is 20 %–70 % additional organic aerosol formed in a few hours.
Cited articles
AAQS: National standard of the People's Republic of China GB3095-2012, AAQS, https://www.mee.gov.cn/ywgz/fgbz/bz/bzwb/dqhjbh/dqhjzlbz/201203/W020120410330232398521.pdf (last access: 11 January 2023), 2012.
Ainur, D., Chen, Q., Sha, T., Zarak, M., Dong, Z., Guo, W., Zhang, Z., Dina, K., and An, T.: Outdoor Health Risk of Atmospheric Particulate Matter at Night in Xi'an, Northwestern China, Environ. Sci. Technol., 57, 9252–9265, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.3c02670, 2023.
Alexandratos, N. and Bruinsma, J.: World agriculture towards 2030/2050, the 2012 revision (No. 12-03), ESA Working Paper, World Food and Agricultural Organization, Rome, Italy, 2012.
Alwadei, M., Thomson, S., Kramer, L., Shi, Z., and Bloss, W.: Oxidative Potential of PM2.5 in Dammam, Saudi Arabia, and the effect of dust storms, EGU General Assembly 2020, Online, 4–8 May 2020, EGU2020-5727, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu2020-5727, 2020.
Brandt, J., Silver, J. D., Frohn, L. M., Geels, C., Gross, A., Hansen, A. B., Hansen, K. M., Hedegaard, G. B., Skjøth, C. A., Villadsen, H., Zare, A., and Christensen, J. H.: An integrated model study for Europe and North America using the Danish Eulerian Hemispheric Model with focus on intercontinental transport of air pollution, Atmos. Environ., 53, 156–176, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2012.01.011, 2012.
Brandt, J., Silver, J. D., Christensen, J. H., Andersen, M. S., Bønløkke, J. H., Sigsgaard, T., Geels, C., Gross, A., Hansen, A. B., Hansen, K. M., Hedegaard, G. B., Kaas, E., and Frohn, L. M.: Contribution from the ten major emission sectors in Europe and Denmark to the health-cost externalities of air pollution using the EVA model system – an integrated modelling approach, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 7725–7746, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-7725-2013, 2013a.
Brandt, J., Silver, J. D., Christensen, J. H., Andersen, M. S., Bønløkke, J. H., Sigsgaard, T., Geels, C., Gross, A., Hansen, A. B., Hansen, K. M., Hedegaard, G. B., Kaas, E., and Frohn, L. M.: Assessment of past, present and future health-cost externalities of air pollution in Europe and the contribution from international ship traffic using the EVA model system, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 7747–7764, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-7747-2013, 2013b.
Calas, A., Uzu, G., Kelly, F. J., Houdier, S., Martins, J. M. F., Thomas, F., Molton, F., Charron, A., Dunster, C., Oliete, A., Jacob, V., Besombes, J.-L., Chevrier, F., and Jaffrezo, J.-L.: Comparison between five acellular oxidative potential measurement assays performed with detailed chemistry on PM10 samples from the city of Chamonix (France), Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 7863–7875, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-7863-2018, 2018.
Campbell, S. J., Wolfer, K., Utinger, B., Westwood, J., Zhang, Z.-H., Bukowiecki, N., Steimer, S. S., Vu, T. V., Xu, J., Straw, N., Thomson, S., Elzein, A., Sun, Y., Liu, D., Li, L., Fu, P., Lewis, A. C., Harrison, R. M., Bloss, W. J., Loh, M., Miller, M. R., Shi, Z., and Kalberer, M.: Atmospheric conditions and composition that influence PM2.5 oxidative potential in Beijing, China, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 5549–5573, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-5549-2021, 2021.
CESM: Community Earth System Model, National Center for Atmospheric Research [code, data set], https://www.cesm.ucar.edu/ (last access: 7 May 2023), 2023.
Chen, L., Wang, T., Bo, X., Zhuang, Z., Qu, J., Xue, X., Tian, J., Huang, M., Wang, P., and Sang, M.: Thermal Power Industry Emissions and Their Contribution to Air Quality on the Fen-Wei Plain, Atmosphere, 13, 652, https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos13050652, 2022.
Chen, P., Wang, T., Kasoar, M., Xie, M., Li, S., Zhuang, B., and Li, M.: Source Apportionment of PM2.5 during Haze and Non-Haze Episodes in Wuxi, China, Atmosphere, 9, 267, https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos9070267, 2018.
Chen, T. and Cao, S.: Numerical study on the integrated effects of supplied air velocity and exhaust velocity on particles removal for industrial buildings, Energy and Built Environment, 2, 380–391, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbenv.2020.09.006, 2021.
Chen, T., Cao, S., Wang, J., Nizamani, A. G., Feng, Z., and Kumar, P.: Influences of the optimized air curtain at subway entrance to reduce the ingress of outdoor airborne particles, Energy Build, 244, 111028, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2021.111028, 2021.
Chen, Z., Chen, D., Kwan, M.-P., Chen, B., Gao, B., Zhuang, Y., Li, R., and Xu, B.: The control of anthropogenic emissions contributed to 80 % of the decrease in PM2.5 concentrations in Beijing from 2013 to 2017, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 13519–13533, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-13519-2019, 2019.
Christensen, J. H.: The Danish eulerian hemispheric model – a three-dimensional air pollution model used for the arctic, Atmos. Environ., 31, 4169–4191, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1352-2310(97)00264-1, 1997.
Collin, G.: Regional Production, Updated documentation covering all Regional operational systems and the ENSEMBLE, METEO-FRANCE, https://atmosphere.copernicus.eu/sites/default/files/2020-01/CAMS50_2018SC1_D2.0.2-U1_Models_documentation_201910_v1.pdf (last access: 11 January 2023), 2020.
Cramer, J., Jorgensen, J. T., Hoffmann, B., Loft, S., Brauner, E. V., Prescott, E., Ketzel, M., Hertel, O., Brandt, J., Jensen, S. S., Backalarz, C., Simonsen, M. K., and Andersen, Z. J.: Long-Term Exposure to Air Pollution and Incidence of Myocardial Infarction: A Danish Nurse Cohort Study, Environ. Health Persp., 128, 057003, https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP5818, 2020.
Crippa, M., Guizzardi, D., Butler, T., Keating, T., Wu, R., Kaminski, J., Kuenen, J., Kurokawa, J., Chatani, S., Morikawa, T., Pouliot, G., Racine, J., Moran, M. D., Klimont, Z., Manseau, P. M., Mashayekhi, R., Henderson, B. H., Smith, S. J., Suchyta, H., Muntean, M., Solazzo, E., Banja, M., Schaaf, E., Pagani, F., Woo, J.-H., Kim, J., Monforti-Ferrario, F., Pisoni, E., Zhang, J., Niemi, D., Sassi, M., Ansari, T., and Foley, K.: The HTAP_v3 emission mosaic: merging regional and global monthly emissions (2000–2018) to support air quality modelling and policies, Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 2667–2694, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-2667-2023, 2023.
Danabasoglu, G., Lamarque, J. F., Bacmeister, J., Bailey, D. A., DuVivier, A. K., Edwards, J., Emmons, L. K., Fasullo, J., Garcia, R., Gettelman, A., Hannay, C., Holland, M. M., Large, W. G., Lauritzen, P. H., Lawrence, D. M., Lenaerts, J. T. M., Lindsay, K., Lipscomb, W. H., Mills, M. J., Neale, R., Oleson, K. W., Otto-Bliesner, B., Phillips, A. S., Sacks, W., Tilmes, S., van Kampenhout, L., Vertenstein, M., Bertini, A., Dennis, J., Deser, C., Fischer, C., Fox-Kemper, B., Kay, J. E., Kinnison, D., Kushner, P. J., Larson, V. E., Long, M. C., Mickelson, S., Moore, J. K., Nienhouse, E., Polvani, L., Rasch, P. J., and Strand, W. G.: The Community Earth System Model Version 2 (CESM2), J. Adv. Model. Earth Sy., 12, e2019MS001916, https://doi.org/10.1029/2019MS001916, 2020.
de Melo, J. E., Pellicane, P. J., and de Souza, M. R.: Goodness-of-fit analysis on wood properties data from six Brazilian tropical hardwoods, Wood Sci. Technol., 34, 83–97, https://doi.org/10.1007/s002260000033, 2000.
Eclipse: Global emission fields of air pollutants and GHGs, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis [data set], https://iiasa.ac.at/models-tools-data/global-emission-fields-of-air-pollutants-and-ghgs (last access: 7 May 2023), 2020.
Emery, C., Liu, Z., Russell, A. G., Odman, M. T., Yarwood, G., and Kumar, N.: Recommendations on statistics and benchmarks to assess photochemical model performance, J. Air Waste Manage., 67, 582–598, https://doi.org/10.1080/10962247.2016.1265027, 2017.
ERA: ECMWF Reanalysis v5, European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts [data set], https://www.ecmwf.int/en/forecasts/dataset/ecmwf-reanalysis-v5 (last access: 22 May 2023), 2023.
Fang, T., Guo, H., Zeng, L., Verma, V., Nenes, A., and Weber, R. J.: Highly Acidic Ambient Particles, Soluble Metals, and Oxidative Potential: A Link between Sulfate and Aerosol Toxicity, Environ. Sci. Technol., 51, 2611–2620, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.6b06151, 2017.
Frohn, L. M., Geels, C., Andersen, C., Andersson, C., Bennet, C., Christensen, J. H., Im, U., Karvosenoja, N., Kindler, P. A., Kukkonen, J., Lopez-Aparicio, S., Nielsen, O., Palamarchuk, Y., Paunu, V., Plejdrup, M. S., Segersson, D., Sofiev, M., and Brandt, J.: Evaluation of multidecadal high-resolution atmospheric chemistry-transport modelling for exposure assessments in the continental Nordic countries, Atmos. Environ., 290, 119334, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2022.119334, 2022.
Frost, G. J., Middleton, P., Tarrasón, L., Granier, C., Guenther, A., Cardenas, B., Denier Van Der Gon, H., Janssens-Maenhout, G., Kaiser, J. W., Keating, T., Klimont, Z., Lamarque, J., Liousse, C., Nickovic, S., Ohara, T., Schultz, M. G., Skiba, U., van Aardenne, J., and Wang, Y.: New Directions: GEIA's 2020 vision for better air emissions information, Atmos. Environ., 81, 710–712, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2013.08.063, 2013.
Galmarini, S., Koffi, B., Solazzo, E., Keating, T., Hogrefe, C., Schulz, M., Benedictow, A., Griesfeller, J. J., Janssens-Maenhout, G., Carmichael, G., Fu, J., and Dentener, F.: Technical note: Coordination and harmonization of the multi-scale, multi-model activities HTAP2, AQMEII3, and MICS-Asia3: simulations, emission inventories, boundary conditions, and model output formats, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 1543–1555, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-1543-2017, 2017.
Gao, D., Godri Pollitt, K. J., Mulholland, J. A., Russell, A. G., and Weber, R. J.: Characterization and comparison of PM2.5 oxidative potential assessed by two acellular assays, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 5197–5210, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-5197-2020, 2020.
García-Martínez, I. M., Bollasina, M. A., and Undorf, S.: Strong large-scale climate response to North American sulphate aerosols in CESM, Environ. Res. Lett., 15, 114051, https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/abbe45, 2020.
Geels, C., Andersson, C., Hänninen, O., Lansø, A. S., Schwarze, P. E., Skjøth, C. A., and Brandt, J.: Future Premature Mortality Due to O3, Secondary Inorganic Aerosols and Primary PM in Europe — Sensitivity to Changes in Climate, Anthropogenic Emissions, Population and Building Stock, Int. J. Envi. Res. Pub. He., 12, 2837–2869, https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph120302837, 2015.
Geels, C., Winther, M., Andersson, C., Jalkanen, J.-P., Brandt, J., Frohn, L. M., Im, U., Leung, W., and Christensen, J. H.: Projections of shipping emissions and the related impact on air pollution and human health in the Nordic region, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 12495–12519, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-12495-2021, 2021.
Gong, S., Zhang, L., Liu, C., Lu, S., Pan, W., and Zhang, Y.: Multi-scale analysis of the impacts of meteorology and emissions on PM2.5 and O3 trends at various regions in China from 2013 to 2020 2. Key weather elements and emissions, Sci. Total Environ., 824, 153847, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153847, 2022.
Hara, T.: Vertical resolution dependency of boundary layer schemes, World Climate Research Programme, https://www.wcrp-climate.org/WGNE/BlueBook/2011/individual-articles/04_Tabito_Hara_04_hara_tabito_vertical_resolution_dependency.pdf (last access: 22 May 2023), 2011.
Hersbach, H., Bell, B., Berrisford, P., Hirahara, S., Horányi, A., Muñoz-Sabater, J., Nicolas, J., Peubey, C., Radu, R., Schepers, D., Simmons, A., Soci, C., Abdalla, S., Abellan, X., Balsamo, G., Bechtold, P., Biavati, G., Bidlot, J., Bonavita, M., De Chiara, G., Dahlgren, P., Dee, D., Diamantakis, M., Dragani, R., Flemming, J., Forbes, R., Fuentes, M., Geer, A., Haimberger, L., Healy, S., Hogan, R. J., Hólm, E., Janisková, M., Keeley, S., Laloyaux, P., Lopez, P., Lupu, C., Radnoti, G., de Rosnay, P., Rozum, I., Vamborg, F., Villaume, S., and Thépaut, J.: The ERA5 global reanalysis, Q. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 146, 1999–2049, https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.3803, 2020.
Hodan, W. M. and Barnard, W. R.: Evaluating the contribution of PM2.5 precursor gases and re-entrained road emissions to mobile source PM2.5 particulate matter emissions, MACTEC Federal Programs, Research Triangle Park, NC, https://www3.epa.gov/ttnchie1/conference/ei13/mobile/hodan.pdf (last access: 22 May 2023), 2004.
Hong, S., Noh, Y., and Dudhia, J.: A New Vertical Diffusion Package with an Explicit Treatment of Entrainment Processes, Mon. Weather Rev., 134, 2318–2341, https://doi.org/10.1175/MWR3199.1, 2006.
Huang, L., Zhu, Y., Zhai, H., Xue, S., Zhu, T., Shao, Y., Liu, Z., Emery, C., Yarwood, G., Wang, Y., Fu, J., Zhang, K., and Li, L.: Recommendations on benchmarks for numerical air quality model applications in China – Part 1: PM2.5 and chemical species, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 2725–2743, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-2725-2021, 2021.
IEA: World Energy Outlook 2011, International Energy Agency, Paris, France, 2011.
IEA: Energy Technology Perspectives. 2012 – Pathways to a Clean Energy System, OECD/IEA, International Energy Agency, Paris, 2012.
Im, U., Brandt, J., Geels, C., Hansen, K. M., Christensen, J. H., Andersen, M. S., Solazzo, E., Kioutsioukis, I., Alyuz, U., Balzarini, A., Baro, R., Bellasio, R., Bianconi, R., Bieser, J., Colette, A., Curci, G., Farrow, A., Flemming, J., Fraser, A., Jimenez-Guerrero, P., Kitwiroon, N., Liang, C.-K., Nopmongcol, U., Pirovano, G., Pozzoli, L., Prank, M., Rose, R., Sokhi, R., Tuccella, P., Unal, A., Vivanco, M. G., West, J., Yarwood, G., Hogrefe, C., and Galmarini, S.: Assessment and economic valuation of air pollution impacts on human health over Europe and the United States as calculated by a multi-model ensemble in the framework of AQMEII3, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 5967–5989, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-5967-2018, 2018.
Im, U., Christensen, J. H., Nielsen, O.-K., Sand, M., Makkonen, R., Geels, C., Anderson, C., Kukkonen, J., Lopez-Aparicio, S., and Brandt, J.: Contributions of Nordic anthropogenic emissions on air pollution and premature mortality over the Nordic region and the Arctic, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 12975–12992, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-12975-2019, 2019.
Im, U., Bauer, S. E., Frohn, L. M., Geels, C., Tsigaridis, K., and Brandt, J.: Present-day and future PM2.5 and O3-related global and regional premature mortality in the EVAv6.0 health impact assessment model, Environ. Res., 216, 114702, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2022.114702, 2023.
Jia, W. and Zhang, X.: Impact of modified turbulent diffusion of PM2.5 aerosol in WRF-Chem simulations in eastern China, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 16827–16841, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-16827-2021, 2021.
Joint, R. C., Institute, F. E. A. S., Orlandini, L., Kurokawa, J., Monni, S., Akimoto, H., Grano, D., Battye, B., Zuber, A., Pagliari, V., Janssens-Maenhout, G., Van Aardenne, J., Dentener, F., Keating, T., Klimont, Z., Wankmüller, R., and Ohara, T.: EDGAR-HTAP – A harmonized gridded air pollution emission dataset based on national inventories, Publications Office of the European Union [data set], https://pure.iiasa.ac.at/id/eprint/10114/ (last access: 22 May 2023), 2011.
Kaiser, J. W., Heil, A., Andreae, M. O., Benedetti, A., Chubarova, N., Jones, L., Morcrette, J.-J., Razinger, M., Schultz, M. G., Suttie, M., and van der Werf, G. R.: Biomass burning emissions estimated with a global fire assimilation system based on observed fire radiative power, Biogeosciences, 9, 527–554, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-9-527-2012, 2012.
Kumar, A., Patil, R. S., Dikshit, A. K., Kumar, R., Brandt, J., and Hertel, O.: Assessment of impact of unaccounted emission on ambient concentration using DEHM and AERMOD in combination with WRF, Atmos. Environ., 142, 406–413, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2016.08.024, 2016.
Kumar, P., Beig, G., Singh, V., Sahu, S. K., Siingh, D., and Bamniya, B. R.: Model simulation of carbonaceous fine particulate matter using SAFAR emission inventory and comparison with EDGAR-HTAP simulations, Atmos. Environ., 315, 120147, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2023.120147, 2023.
Lehtomäki, H., Geels, C., Brandt, J., Rao, S., Yaramenka, K., Åström, S., Andersen, M. S., Frohn, L. M., Im, U., and Hänninen, O.: Deaths Attributable to Air Pollution in Nordic Countries: Disparities in the Estimates, Atmosphere, 11, 467, https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos11050467, 2020.
Li, D., Wu, Y., Gross, B., and Moshary, F.: Dynamics of Mixing Layer Height and Homogeneity from Ceilometer-Measured Aerosol Profiles and Correlation to Ground Level PM2.5 in New York City, Remote Sens., 14, 6370, https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14246370, 2022.
Li, S., Li, X., Deng, Z., Xia, X., Ren, G., An, D., Ayikan, M., and Zhong, Y.: Characteristics of atmospheric boundary layer and its relation with PM2.5 during winter in Shihezi, an Oasis city in Northwest China, Atmos. Pollut. Res., 14, 101902, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apr.2023.101902, 2023.
Lin, S., Tian, H., Hao, Y., Wu, B., Liu, S., Luo, L., Bai, X., Liu, W., Zhao, S., Hao, J., Guo, Z., and Lv, Y.: Atmospheric emission inventory of hazardous air pollutants from biomass direct-fired power plants in China: Historical trends, spatial variation characteristics, and future perspectives, Sci. Total Environ., 767, 144636, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144636, 2021.
Liu, F., Joo, T., Ditto, J. C., Saavedra, M. G., Takeuchi, M., Boris, A. J., Yang, Y., Weber, R. J., Dillner, A. M., Gentner, D. R., and Ng, N. L.: Oxidized and Unsaturated: Key Organic Aerosol Traits Associated with Cellular Reactive Oxygen Species Production in the Southeastern United States, Environ. Sci. Technol., 57, 14150–14161, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.3c03641, 2023.
Liu, J., Gao, X., Ruan, Z., Yuan, Y., and Dong, S.: Analysis of spatial and temporal distribution and influencing factors of fine particles in Heilongjiang Province, Urban Clim., 41, 101070, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.uclim.2021.101070, 2022a.
Liu, J., Ruan, Z., Gao, X., Yuan, Y., and Dong, S.: Quantifying contribution of weather patterns to PM2.5 concentrations based on spatial effects and health risk assessment, Sustain. Cities Soc., 83, 103980, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2022.103980, 2022b.
Liu, J., Ruan, Z., Gao, X., Yuan, Y., Dong, S., Li, X., and Liu, X.: Investigating the cumulative lag effects of environmental exposure under urban differences on COVID-19, J. Infect. Public Heal., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jiph.2023.06.002, 2023.
Liu, J., Ye, Z., Christensen, J. H., Dong, S., Geels, C., Brandt, J., Nenes, A., Yuan, Y., and Im, U.: Impact of anthropogenic emission control in reducing future PM2.5 concentrations and the related oxidative potential across different regions of China, Sci. Total Environ., 918, 170638, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170638, 2024.
Liu, M., Saari, R. K., Zhou, G., Li, J., Han, L., and Liu, X.: Recent trends in premature mortality and health disparities attributable to ambient PM2.5 exposure in China: 2005–2017, Environ. Pollut., 279, 116882, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2021.116882, 2021.
Liu, Q., Baumgartner, J., Zhang, Y., Liu, Y., Sun, Y., and Zhang, M.: Oxidative Potential and Inflammatory Impacts of Source Apportioned Ambient Air Pollution in Beijing, Environ. Sci. Technol., 48, 12920–12929, https://doi.org/10.1021/es5029876, 2014.
Liu, Q., Lu, Z., Xiong, Y., Huang, F., Zhou, J., and Schauer, J. J.: Oxidative potential of ambient PM2.5 in Wuhan and its comparisons with eight areas of China, Sci. Total Environ., 701, 134844, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134844, 2020.
Liu, S., Lim, Y., Pedersen, M., Jørgensen, J. T., Amini, H., Cole-Hunter, T., Mehta, A. J., So, R., Mortensen, L. H., Westendorp, R. G. J., Loft, S., Bräuner, E. V., Ketzel, M., Hertel, O., Brandt, J., Jensen, S. S., Christensen, J. H., Sigsgaard, T., Geels, C., Frohn, L. M., Brborić, M., Radonić, J., Sekulic, M. T., Bønnelykke, K., Backalarz, C., Simonsen, M. K., and Andersen, Z. J.: Long-term exposure to ambient air pollution and road traffic noise and asthma incidence in adults: The Danish Nurse cohort, Environ. Int., 152, 106464, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2021.106464, 2021.
Liu, W., Xu, Y., Liu, W., Liu, Q., Yu, S., Liu, Y., Wang, X., and Tao, S.: Oxidative potential of ambient PM2.5 in the coastal cities of the Bohai Sea, northern China: Seasonal variation and source apportionment, Environ. Pollut., 236, 514–528, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2018.01.116, 2018.
Mao, J.: Co-firing Biomass With Coal for Power Generation, Distributed Energy, 2, 47–54, https://doi.org/10.16513/j.cnki.10-1427/tk.2017.05.008, 2017.
MEE: Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Ministry of Ecology and Environment of the People’s Republic of China [data set], https://www.mee.gov.cn/ (last access: 11 January 2023), 2014.
MEE: China Vehicle Emission Control Annual Report, Ministry of Environmental Protection of the People’s Republic of China, https://www.mee.gov.cn/hjzl/sthjzk/ydyhjgl/201605/P020160513584304398771.pdf (last access: 11 January 2023), 2015.
MEE: Bulletin of the second National Survey of pollution sources, Ministry of Ecology and Environment of the People’s Republic of China, http://www.gov.cn/xinwen/2020-06/10/content_5518391.htm (last access: 11 January 2023), 2020.
Molina, C., Manzano, C. A., Toro A., R., and Leiva G, M. A.: The oxidative potential of airborne particulate matter in two urban areas of Chile: More than meets the eye, Environ. Int., 173, 107866, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2023.107866, 2023.
Pietrogrande, M. C., Russo, M., and Zagatti, E.: Review of PM Oxidative Potential Measured with Acellular Assays in Urban and Rural Sites across Italy, Atmosphere, 10, 626, https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos10100626, 2019.
Pui, D. Y. H., Chen, S., and Zuo, Z.: PM2.5 in China: Measurements, sources, visibility and health effects, and mitigation, Particuology, 13, 1–26, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.partic.2013.11.001, 2014.
Puthussery, J. V., Singh, A., Rai, P., Bhattu, D., Kumar, V., Vats, P., Furger, M., Rastogi, N., Slowik, J. G., Ganguly, D., Prevot, A. S. H., Tripathi, S. N., and Verma, V.: Real-Time Measurements of PM2.5 Oxidative Potential Using a Dithiothreitol Assay in Delhi, India, Environ. Sci. Tech. Let., 7, 504–510, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.estlett.0c00342, 2020.
Richter, J. H., Glanville, A. A., Edwards, J., Kauffman, B., Davis, N. A., Jaye, A., Kim, H., Pedatella, N. M., Sun, L., Berner, J., Kim, W. M., Yeager, S. G., Danabasoglu, G., Caron, J. M., and Oleson, K. W.: Subseasonal Earth System Prediction with CESM2, Weather Forecast, 37, 797–815, https://doi.org/10.1175/WAF-D-21-0163.1, 2022.
Shahpoury, P., Lelieveld, S., Johannessen, C., Berkemeier, T., Celo, V., Dabek-Zlotorzynska, E., Harner, T., Lammel, G., and Nenes, A.: Influence of aerosol acidity and organic ligands on transition metal solubility and oxidative potential of fine particulate matter in urban environments, Sci. Total Environ., 906, 167405, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167405, 2024.
Shi, X., Zheng, Y., Lei, Y., Xue, W., Yan, G., Liu, X., Cai, B., Tong, D., and Wang, J.: Air quality benefits of achieving carbon neutrality in China, Sci. Total Environ., 795, 148784, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148784, 2021.
Skamarock, W. C., Klemp, J. B., Dudhia, J., Gill, D. O., Barker, D. M., Duda, M. G., Huang, X., Wang, W., and Powers, J. G.: A description of the advanced research WRF version 3, NCAR technical note, 475, 113, https://doi.org/10.5065/D68S4MVH, 2008.
Skamarock, W. C., Klemp, J. B., Dudhia, J., Gill, D. O., Liu, Z., Berner, J., and Huang, X. Y.: A Description of the Advanced Research WRF Model Version 4.3 (No. NCAR/TN-556+STR), https://doi.org/10.5065/1dfh-6p97, 2021.
Soares, J., Sofiev, M., Geels, C., Christensen, J. H., Andersson, C., Tsyro, S., and Langner, J.: Impact of climate change on the production and transport of sea salt aerosol on European seas, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 13081–13104, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-13081-2016, 2016.
Song, M., Oh, S., Park, C., and Bae, M.: analytical procedure for dithiothreitol-based oxidative potential of PM2.5, Asian J. Atmos. Environ., 15, 2021015, https://doi.org/10.5572/ajae.2021.015, 2021.
Strand, A. and Hov, Ø.: A two-dimensional global study of tropospheric ozone production, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 99, 22877–22895, https://doi.org/10.1029/94JD01945, 1994.
Tang, L., Xue, X., Qu, J., Mi, Z., Bo, X., Chang, X., Wang, S., Li, S., Cui, W., and Dong, G.: Air pollution emissions from Chinese power plants based on the continuous emission monitoring systems network, Sci. Data, 7, 325, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-020-00665-1, 2020.
Thomas, D. C., Christensen, J. H., Massling, A., Pernov, J. B., and Skov, H.: The effect of the 2020 COVID-19 lockdown on atmospheric black carbon levels in northeastern Greenland, Atmos. Environ., 269, 118853, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2021.118853, 2022.
Thomas, S. R., Nicolau, S., Martínez-Alvarado, O., Drew, D. J., and Bloomfield, H. C.: How well do atmospheric reanalyses reproduce observed winds in coastal regions of Mexico?, Meteorol. Appl., 28, e2023, https://doi.org/10.1002/met.2023, 2021.
Tong, D., Zhang, Q., Liu, F., Geng, G., Zheng, Y., Xue, T., Hong, C., Wu, R., Qin, Y., Zhao, H., Yan, L., and He, K.: Current Emissions and Future Mitigation Pathways of Coal-Fired Power Plants in China from 2010 to 2030, Environ. Sci. Technol., 52, 12905–12914, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.8b02919, 2018.
Upadhyay, A., Dey, S., and Goyal, P.: A comparative assessment of regional representativeness of EDGAR and ECLIPSE emission inventories for air quality studies in India, Atmos. Environ., 223, 117182, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2019.117182, 2020.
van Donkelaar, A., Hammer, M. S., Bindle, L., Brauer, M., Brook, J. R., Garay, M. J., Hsu, N. C., Kalashnikova, O. V., Kahn, R. A., Lee, C., Levy, R. C., Lyapustin, A., Sayer, A. M., and Martin, R. V.: Monthly Global Estimates of Fine Particulate Matter and Their Uncertainty, Environ. Sci. Technol., 55, 15287–15300, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.1c05309, 2021.
Wang, G., Deng, J., Zhang, Y., Zhang, Q., Duan, L., Hao, J., and Jiang, J.: Air pollutant emissions from coal-fired power plants in China over the past two decades, Sci. Total Environ., 741, 140326, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140326, 2020.
Wang, J., Lin, X., Lu, L., Wu, Y., Zhang, H., Lv, Q., Liu, W., Zhang, Y., and Zhuang, S.: Temporal variation of oxidative potential of water soluble components of ambient PM2.5 measured by dithiothreitol (DTT) assay, Sci. Total Environ., 649, 969–978, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.08.375, 2019.
Wen, W., Hua, T., Liu, L., Liu, X., Ma, X., Shen, S., and Deng, Z.: Oxidative Potential Characterization of Different PM2.5 Sources and Components in Beijing and the Surrounding Region, Int. J. Environ. Res. Pu., 20, 5109, https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20065109, 2023.
Xing, C., Wang, Y., Yang, X., Zeng, Y., Zhai, J., Cai, B., Zhang, A., Fu, T., Zhu, L., Li, Y., Wang, X., and Zhang, Y.: Seasonal variation of driving factors of ambient PM2.5 oxidative potential in Shenzhen, China, Sci. Total Environ., 862, 160771, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160771, 2023.
Xu, J., Martin, R. V., Evans, G. J., Umbrio, D., Traub, A., Meng, J., van Donkelaar, A., You, H., Kulka, R., Burnett, R. T., Godri Pollitt, K. J., and Weichenthal, S.: Predicting Spatial Variations in Multiple Measures of Oxidative Burden for Outdoor Fine Particulate Air Pollution across Canada, Environ. Sci. Technol., 55, 9750–9760, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.1c01210, 2021.
Xu, X., Frey, S. K., and Ma, D.: Hydrological performance of ERA5 and MERRA-2 precipitation products over the Great Lakes Basin, Journal of Hydrology: Regional Studies, 39, 100982, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrh.2021.100982, 2022.
Yang, F., Liu, C., and Qian, H.: Comparison of indoor and outdoor oxidative potential of PM2.5: pollution levels, temporal patterns, and key constituents, Environ. Int., 155, 106684, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2021.106684, 2021.
Yu, H., Puthussery, J. V., Wang, Y., and Verma, V.: Spatiotemporal variability in the oxidative potential of ambient fine particulate matter in the Midwestern United States, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 16363–16386, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-16363-2021, 2021.
Yu, S., Liu, W., Xu, Y., Yi, K., Zhou, M., Tao, S., and Liu, W.: Characteristics and oxidative potential of atmospheric PM2.5 in Beijing: Source apportionment and seasonal variation, Sci. Total Environ., 650, 277–287, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.09.021, 2019.
Yun, X., Shen, G. F., Shen, H. Z., Meng, W. J., Chen, Y. L., Xu, H. R., Ren, Y., Zhong, Q. R., Du, W., Ma, J. M., Cheng, H. F., Wang, X. L., Liu, J. F., Wang, X. J., Li, B. G., Hu, J. Y., Wan, Y., and Tao, S.: Residential solid fuel emissions contribute significantly to air pollution and associated health impacts in China, Sci. Adv., 6, eaba7621, https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aba7621, 2020.
Zare, A., Christensen, J. H., Irannejad, P., and Brandt, J.: Evaluation of two isoprene emission models for use in a long-range air pollution model, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 7399–7412, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-7399-2012, 2012.
Zare, A., Christensen, J. H., Gross, A., Irannejad, P., Glasius, M., and Brandt, J.: Quantifying the contributions of natural emissions to ozone and total fine PM concentrations in the Northern Hemisphere, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 2735–2756, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-2735-2014, 2014.
Zeng, Z., Gui, K., Wang, Z., Luo, M., Geng, H., Ge, E., An, J., Song, X., Ning, G., Zhai, S., and Liu, H.: Estimating hourly surface PM2.5 concentrations across China from high-density meteorological observations by machine learning, Atmos. Res., 254, 105516, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2021.105516, 2021.
Zhang, H., Li, N., Tang, K., Liao, H., Shi, C., Huang, C., Wang, H., Guo, S., Hu, M., Ge, X., Chen, M., Liu, Z., Yu, H., and Hu, J.: Estimation of secondary PM2.5 in China and the United States using a multi-tracer approach, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 5495–5514, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-5495-2022, 2022.
Zhang, L., Hu, X., Chen, S., Chen, Y., and Lian, H.: Characterization and source apportionment of oxidative potential of ambient PM2.5 in Nanjing, a megacity of Eastern China, Env. Pollut. Bioavail., 35, 2175728, https://doi.org/10.1080/26395940.2023.2175728, 2023.
Zheng, B., Tong, D., Li, M., Liu, F., Hong, C., Geng, G., Li, H., Li, X., Peng, L., Qi, J., Yan, L., Zhang, Y., Zhao, H., Zheng, Y., He, K., and Zhang, Q.: Trends in China's anthropogenic emissions since 2010 as the consequence of clean air actions, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 14095–14111, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-14095-2018, 2018.
Zheng, Y., Alapaty, K., Herwehe, J. A., Del Genio, A. D., and Niyogi, D.: Improving High-Resolution Weather Forecasts Using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model with an Updated Kain–Fritsch Scheme, Mon. Weather Rev., 144, 833–860, https://doi.org/10.1175/MWR-D-15-0005.1, 2016.
Zhu, Y., Huang, L., Li, J., Ying, Q., Zhang, H., Liu, X., Liao, H., Li, N., Liu, Z., Mao, Y., Fang, H., and Hu, J.: Sources of particulate matter in China: Insights from source apportionment studies published in 1987–2017, Environ. Int., 115, 343–357, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2018.03.037, 2018.
Short summary
China was chosen as an example to conduct a quantitative analysis using the Danish Eulerian Hemispheric Model (DEHM) system with meteorological input from the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model. Meteorological conditions and emission inventories contributed 46 % (65 %) and 54 % (35 %) to the variations in PM2.5 concentrations (oxidative potential – OP), respectively, highlighting secondary aerosol formation and biomass burning as the primary contributors to PM2.5 and OP levels.
China was chosen as an example to conduct a quantitative analysis using the Danish Eulerian...
Altmetrics
Final-revised paper
Preprint