Articles | Volume 22, issue 5
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-3615-2022
© Author(s) 2022. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-3615-2022
© Author(s) 2022. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
17 Mar 2022
Research article |
| 17 Mar 2022
| 17 Mar 2022
Observations of aerosol–vapor pressure deficit–evaporative fraction coupling over India
Chandan Sarangi
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India
Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology
Kanpur, Kanpur, India
Laboratory of Atmospheric and Climate Sciences, Indian Institute of
Technology Madras, Chennai, India
TC Chakraborty
Center for Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, India
School of the Environment, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
Sachchidanand Tripathi
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology
Kanpur, Kanpur, India
Center for Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, India
Mithun Krishnan
Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology
Kanpur, Kanpur, India
Ross Morrison
UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Wallingford, UK
Jonathan Evans
UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Wallingford, UK
Lina M. Mercado
College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Wallingford, UK
Related authors
Saleem Ali, Chandan Sarangi, and Sanjay Kumar Mehta
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 8769–8783, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-8769-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-8769-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
The pollutants over northern India are transported towards southern India under the influence of the prevalent wind system, especially during the winter season. This long-range transport induces widespread haziness over southern India, lasting for days. We evaluated the occurrence of such transport episodes over southern India using observational methods and found that it suppresses the boundary layer height by approximately 40 % compared to clear days, while exacerbating the surface pollution by approximately 50 %–60 %.
Sougat Kumar Sarangi, Chandan Sarangi, Niravkumar Patel, Bomidi Lakshmi Madhavan, Shantikumar Singh Ningombam, Belur Ravindra, and Madineni Venkat Ratnam
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3364, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3364, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
This study introduces a new approach to measure cloud cover from image data taken by ground based sky observations. Our method used diverse sky images taken from various locations across the globe to train our machine learning model. We achieved a very high accuracy in detecting cloud cover, even in polluted areas. Our model surpasses traditional methods by running efficiently with minimal computational needs.
Chandan Sarangi, Yun Qian, L. Ruby Leung, Yang Zhang, Yufei Zou, and Yuhang Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 1769–1783, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-1769-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-1769-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We show that for air quality, the densely populated eastern US may see even larger impacts of wildfires due to long-distance smoke transport and associated positive climatic impacts, partially compensating the improvements from regulations on anthropogenic emissions. This study highlights the tension between natural and anthropogenic contributions and the non-local nature of air pollution that complicate regulatory strategies for improving future regional air quality for human health.
Goutam Choudhury, Bhishma Tyagi, Naresh Krishna Vissa, Jyotsna Singh, Chandan Sarangi, Sachchida Nand Tripathi, and Matthias Tesche
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 15389–15399, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-15389-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-15389-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
This study uses 17 years (2001–2017) of observed rain rate, aerosol optical depth (AOD), meteorological reanalysis fields and outgoing long-wave radiation to investigate high precipitation events at the foothills of the Himalayas. Composite analysis of all data sets for high precipitation events (daily rainfall > 95th percentile) indicates clear and robust associations between high precipitation events, high aerosol loading and high moist static energy values.
Saleem Ali, Chandan Sarangi, and Sanjay Kumar Mehta
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 8769–8783, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-8769-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-8769-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
The pollutants over northern India are transported towards southern India under the influence of the prevalent wind system, especially during the winter season. This long-range transport induces widespread haziness over southern India, lasting for days. We evaluated the occurrence of such transport episodes over southern India using observational methods and found that it suppresses the boundary layer height by approximately 40 % compared to clear days, while exacerbating the surface pollution by approximately 50 %–60 %.
Sebastian Gonzalez-Caro, Mirindi Eric Dusenge, Zorayda Restrepo, Andrew J. Cox, Ian P. Hartley, Patrick Meir, Adriana Sanchez, Daniel Ruiz-Carrascal, and Lina M. Mercado
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-3434, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-3434, 2025
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for Biogeosciences (BG).
Short summary
Short summary
We evaluated photosynthetic trait variability in montane and lowland tree species using a leaf-level model and transplant experiments across three elevations in the tropical Andes. Intraspecific variation in Vcmax and Jmax proved key for accurate modeling. PAR and temperature limited photosynthesis at 14 °C, while VPD was limiting at 22 °C. Using lowland parameters underestimates montane photosynthesis by up to 65 %. Models should include intra- and interspecific variability.
Yifan Cheng, Lei Zhao, TC Chakraborty, Keith Oleson, Matthias Demuzere, Xiaoping Liu, Yangzi Che, Weilin Liao, Yuyu Zhou, and Xinchang “Cathy” Li
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 17, 2147–2174, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-2147-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-2147-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
The absence of globally consistent and spatially continuous urban surface input has long hindered large-scale high-resolution urban climate modeling. Using remote sensing, cloud computing, and machine learning, we developed U-Surf, a 1 km dataset providing key urban surface properties worldwide. U-Surf enhances urban representation across scales and supports kilometer-scale urban-resolving Earth system modeling unprecedentedly, with broader applications in urban studies and beyond.
Sougat Kumar Sarangi, Chandan Sarangi, Niravkumar Patel, Bomidi Lakshmi Madhavan, Shantikumar Singh Ningombam, Belur Ravindra, and Madineni Venkat Ratnam
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3364, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3364, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
This study introduces a new approach to measure cloud cover from image data taken by ground based sky observations. Our method used diverse sky images taken from various locations across the globe to train our machine learning model. We achieved a very high accuracy in detecting cloud cover, even in polluted areas. Our model surpasses traditional methods by running efficiently with minimal computational needs.
William Veness, Alejandro Dussaillant, Gemma Coxon, Simon De Stercke, Gareth H. Old, Matthew Fry, Jonathan G. Evans, and Wouter Buytaert
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-2035, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-2035, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
We investigated what users want from the next-generation of hydrological monitoring systems to better support science and innovation. Through literature review and interviews with experts, we found that beyond providing high-quality data, users particularly value additional support for collecting their own data, sharing it with others, and building collaborations with other data users. Designing systems with these needs in mind can greatly boost long-term engagement, data coverage and impact.
Zhenyu Zhang, Jing Li, Huizheng Che, Yueming Dong, Oleg Dubovik, Thomas Eck, Pawan Gupta, Brent Holben, Jhoon Kim, Elena Lind, Trailokya Saud, Sachchida Nand Tripathi, and Tong Ying
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 4617–4637, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-4617-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-4617-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
We used ground-based remote sensing data from the Aerosol Robotic Network to examine long-term trends in aerosol characteristics. We found aerosol loadings generally decreased globally, and aerosols became more scattering. These changes are closely related to variations in aerosol compositions, such as decreased anthropogenic emissions over East Asia, Europe, and North America; increased anthropogenic sources over northern India; and increased dust activity over the Arabian Peninsula.
Ashutosh K. Shukla, Sachchida N. Tripathi, Shamitaksha Talukdar, Vishnu Murari, Sreenivas Gaddamidi, Manousos-Ioannis Manousakas, Vipul Lalchandani, Kuldeep Dixit, Vinayak M. Ruge, Peeyush Khare, Mayank Kumar, Vikram Singh, Neeraj Rastogi, Suresh Tiwari, Atul K. Srivastava, Dilip Ganguly, Kaspar Rudolf Daellenbach, and André S. H. Prévôt
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 3765–3784, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-3765-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-3765-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Our study delves into the elemental composition of aerosols at three sites across the Indo-Gangetic Plain (IGP), revealing distinct patterns during pollution episodes. We found significant increases in chlorine (Cl)-rich and solid fuel combustion (SFC) sources, indicating dynamic emission sources, agricultural burning impacts, and meteorological influences. Surges in Cl-rich particles during cold periods highlight their role in particle growth under high-relative-humidity conditions.
Huilin Huang, Yun Qian, Gautam Bisht, Jiali Wang, Tirthankar Chakraborty, Dalei Hao, Jianfeng Li, Travis Thurber, Balwinder Singh, Zhao Yang, Ye Liu, Pengfei Xue, William J. Sacks, Ethan Coon, and Robert Hetland
Geosci. Model Dev., 18, 1427–1443, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-1427-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-1427-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
We integrate the E3SM Land Model (ELM) with the WRF model through the Lightweight Infrastructure for Land Atmosphere Coupling (LILAC) Earth System Modeling Framework (ESMF). This framework includes a top-level driver, LILAC, for variable communication between WRF and ELM and ESMF caps for ELM initialization, execution, and finalization. The LILAC–ESMF framework maintains the integrity of the ELM's source code structure and facilitates the transfer of future ELM model developments to WRF-ELM.
Jessica Stacey, Richard Betts, Andrew Hartley, Lina Mercado, and Nicola Gedney
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-51, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-51, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Plants typically transpire less with rising atmospheric carbon dioxide, leaving more water in the ground for human use, but many future water scarcity assessments ignore this effect. We use a land surface model to examine how plant responses to carbon dioxide and climate change affect future water scarcity. Our results suggest that including these plant responses increases overall water availability for most people, highlighting the importance of their inclusion in future water scarcity studies.
Nishant Ajnoti, Hemant Gehlot, and Sachchida Nand Tripathi
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 17, 1651–1664, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-1651-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-1651-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This research focuses on the optimal placement of hybrid instruments (sensors and monitors) to maximize satisfaction function considering population, PM2.5 concentration, budget, and other factors. Two algorithms are developed in this study: a genetic algorithm and a greedy algorithm. We tested these algorithms on various regions. The insights of this work aid in quantitative placement of air quality monitoring instruments in large cities, moving away from ad hoc approaches.
Wei Huang, Cheng Wu, Linyu Gao, Yvette Gramlich, Sophie L. Haslett, Joel Thornton, Felipe D. Lopez-Hilfiker, Ben H. Lee, Junwei Song, Harald Saathoff, Xiaoli Shen, Ramakrishna Ramisetty, Sachchida N. Tripathi, Dilip Ganguly, Feng Jiang, Magdalena Vallon, Siegfried Schobesberger, Taina Yli-Juuti, and Claudia Mohr
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 2607–2624, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-2607-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-2607-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We present distinct molecular composition and volatility of oxygenated organic aerosol particles in different rural, urban, and mountain environments. We do a comprehensive investigation of the relationship between the chemical composition and volatility of oxygenated organic aerosol particles across different systems and environments. This study provides implications for volatility descriptions of oxygenated organic aerosol particles in different model frameworks.
Matthias Kohl, Jos Lelieveld, Sourangsu Chowdhury, Sebastian Ehrhart, Disha Sharma, Yafang Cheng, Sachchida Nand Tripathi, Mathew Sebastian, Govindan Pandithurai, Hongli Wang, and Andrea Pozzer
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 13191–13215, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-13191-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-13191-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Knowledge on atmospheric ultrafine particles (UFPs) with a diameter smaller than 100 nm is crucial for public health and the hydrological cycle. We present a new global dataset of UFP concentrations at the Earth's surface derived with a comprehensive chemistry–climate model and evaluated with ground-based observations. The evaluation results are combined with high-resolution primary emissions to downscale UFP concentrations to an unprecedented horizontal resolution of 0.1° × 0.1°.
Sophie L. Haslett, David M. Bell, Varun Kumar, Jay G. Slowik, Dongyu S. Wang, Suneeti Mishra, Neeraj Rastogi, Atinderpal Singh, Dilip Ganguly, Joel Thornton, Feixue Zheng, Yuanyuan Li, Wei Nie, Yongchun Liu, Wei Ma, Chao Yan, Markku Kulmala, Kaspar R. Daellenbach, David Hadden, Urs Baltensperger, Andre S. H. Prevot, Sachchida N. Tripathi, and Claudia Mohr
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 9023–9036, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-9023-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-9023-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
In Delhi, some aspects of daytime and nighttime atmospheric chemistry are inverted, and parodoxically, vehicle emissions may be limiting other forms of particle production. This is because the nighttime emissions of nitrogen oxide (NO) by traffic and biomass burning prevent some chemical processes that would otherwise create even more particles and worsen the urban haze.
Yimian Ma, Xu Yue, Stephen Sitch, Nadine Unger, Johan Uddling, Lina M. Mercado, Cheng Gong, Zhaozhong Feng, Huiyi Yang, Hao Zhou, Chenguang Tian, Yang Cao, Yadong Lei, Alexander W. Cheesman, Yansen Xu, and Maria Carolina Duran Rojas
Geosci. Model Dev., 16, 2261–2276, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-2261-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-2261-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Plants have been found to respond differently to O3, but the variations in the sensitivities have rarely been explained nor fully implemented in large-scale assessment. This study proposes a new O3 damage scheme with leaf mass per area to unify varied sensitivities for all plant species. Our assessment reveals an O3-induced reduction of 4.8 % in global GPP, with the highest reduction of >10 % for cropland, suggesting an emerging risk of crop yield loss under the threat of O3 pollution.
Vaishali Jain, Nidhi Tripathi, Sachchida N. Tripathi, Mansi Gupta, Lokesh K. Sahu, Vishnu Murari, Sreenivas Gaddamidi, Ashutosh K. Shukla, and Andre S. H. Prevot
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 3383–3408, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-3383-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-3383-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This research chemically characterises 173 different NMVOCs (non-methane volatile organic compounds) measured in real time for three seasons in the city of the central Indo-Gangetic basin of India, Lucknow. Receptor modelling is used to analyse probable sources of NMVOCs and their crucial role in forming ozone and secondary organic aerosols. It is observed that vehicular emissions and solid fuel combustion are the highest contributors to the emission of primary and secondary NMVOCs.
Chandan Sarangi, Yun Qian, L. Ruby Leung, Yang Zhang, Yufei Zou, and Yuhang Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 1769–1783, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-1769-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-1769-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We show that for air quality, the densely populated eastern US may see even larger impacts of wildfires due to long-distance smoke transport and associated positive climatic impacts, partially compensating the improvements from regulations on anthropogenic emissions. This study highlights the tension between natural and anthropogenic contributions and the non-local nature of air pollution that complicate regulatory strategies for improving future regional air quality for human health.
Sudipta Ghosh, Sagnik Dey, Sushant Das, Nicole Riemer, Graziano Giuliani, Dilip Ganguly, Chandra Venkataraman, Filippo Giorgi, Sachchida Nand Tripathi, Srikanthan Ramachandran, Thazhathakal Ayyappen Rajesh, Harish Gadhavi, and Atul Kumar Srivastava
Geosci. Model Dev., 16, 1–15, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-1-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-1-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Accurate representation of aerosols in climate models is critical for minimizing the uncertainty in climate projections. Here, we implement region-specific emission fluxes and a more accurate scheme for carbonaceous aerosol ageing processes in a regional climate model (RegCM4) and show that it improves model performance significantly against in situ, reanalysis, and satellite data over the Indian subcontinent. We recommend improving the model performance before using them for climate studies.
Bimal K. Bhattacharya, Kaniska Mallick, Devansh Desai, Ganapati S. Bhat, Ross Morrison, Jamie R. Clevery, William Woodgate, Jason Beringer, Kerry Cawse-Nicholson, Siyan Ma, Joseph Verfaillie, and Dennis Baldocchi
Biogeosciences, 19, 5521–5551, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5521-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5521-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Evaporation retrieval in heterogeneous ecosystems is challenging due to empirical estimation of ground heat flux and complex parameterizations of conductances. We developed a parameter-sparse coupled ground heat flux-evaporation model and tested it across different limits of water stress and vegetation fraction in the Northern/Southern Hemisphere. The model performed particularly well in the savannas and showed good potential for evaporative stress monitoring from thermal infrared satellites.
Mathew Lipson, Sue Grimmond, Martin Best, Winston T. L. Chow, Andreas Christen, Nektarios Chrysoulakis, Andrew Coutts, Ben Crawford, Stevan Earl, Jonathan Evans, Krzysztof Fortuniak, Bert G. Heusinkveld, Je-Woo Hong, Jinkyu Hong, Leena Järvi, Sungsoo Jo, Yeon-Hee Kim, Simone Kotthaus, Keunmin Lee, Valéry Masson, Joseph P. McFadden, Oliver Michels, Wlodzimierz Pawlak, Matthias Roth, Hirofumi Sugawara, Nigel Tapper, Erik Velasco, and Helen Claire Ward
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 5157–5178, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-5157-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-5157-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We describe a new openly accessible collection of atmospheric observations from 20 cities around the world, capturing 50 site years. The observations capture local meteorology (temperature, humidity, wind, etc.) and the energy fluxes between the land and atmosphere (e.g. radiation and sensible and latent heat fluxes). These observations can be used to improve our understanding of urban climate processes and to test the accuracy of urban climate models.
Flossie Brown, Gerd A. Folberth, Stephen Sitch, Susanne Bauer, Marijn Bauters, Pascal Boeckx, Alexander W. Cheesman, Makoto Deushi, Inês Dos Santos Vieira, Corinne Galy-Lacaux, James Haywood, James Keeble, Lina M. Mercado, Fiona M. O'Connor, Naga Oshima, Kostas Tsigaridis, and Hans Verbeeck
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 12331–12352, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-12331-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-12331-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Surface ozone can decrease plant productivity and impair human health. In this study, we evaluate the change in surface ozone due to climate change over South America and Africa using Earth system models. We find that if the climate were to change according to the worst-case scenario used here, models predict that forested areas in biomass burning locations and urban populations will be at increasing risk of ozone exposure, but other areas will experience a climate benefit.
Rebecca J. Oliver, Lina M. Mercado, Doug B. Clark, Chris Huntingford, Christopher M. Taylor, Pier Luigi Vidale, Patrick C. McGuire, Markus Todt, Sonja Folwell, Valiyaveetil Shamsudheen Semeena, and Belinda E. Medlyn
Geosci. Model Dev., 15, 5567–5592, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-15-5567-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-15-5567-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We introduce new representations of plant physiological processes into a land surface model. Including new biological understanding improves modelled carbon and water fluxes for the present in tropical and northern-latitude forests. Future climate simulations demonstrate the sensitivity of photosynthesis to temperature is important for modelling carbon cycle dynamics in a warming world. Accurate representation of these processes in models is necessary for robust predictions of climate change.
Mahdi André Nakhavali, Lina M. Mercado, Iain P. Hartley, Stephen Sitch, Fernanda V. Cunha, Raffaello di Ponzio, Laynara F. Lugli, Carlos A. Quesada, Kelly M. Andersen, Sarah E. Chadburn, Andy J. Wiltshire, Douglas B. Clark, Gyovanni Ribeiro, Lara Siebert, Anna C. M. Moraes, Jéssica Schmeisk Rosa, Rafael Assis, and José L. Camargo
Geosci. Model Dev., 15, 5241–5269, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-15-5241-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-15-5241-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
In tropical ecosystems, the availability of rock-derived elements such as P can be very low. Thus, without a representation of P cycling, tropical forest responses to rising atmospheric CO2 conditions in areas such as Amazonia remain highly uncertain. We introduced P dynamics and its interactions with the N and P cycles into the JULES model. Our results highlight the potential for high P limitation and therefore lower CO2 fertilization capacity in the Amazon forest with low-fertility soils.
Varun Kumar, Stamatios Giannoukos, Sophie L. Haslett, Yandong Tong, Atinderpal Singh, Amelie Bertrand, Chuan Ping Lee, Dongyu S. Wang, Deepika Bhattu, Giulia Stefenelli, Jay S. Dave, Joseph V. Puthussery, Lu Qi, Pawan Vats, Pragati Rai, Roberto Casotto, Rangu Satish, Suneeti Mishra, Veronika Pospisilova, Claudia Mohr, David M. Bell, Dilip Ganguly, Vishal Verma, Neeraj Rastogi, Urs Baltensperger, Sachchida N. Tripathi, André S. H. Prévôt, and Jay G. Slowik
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 7739–7761, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-7739-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-7739-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Here we present source apportionment results from the first field deployment in Delhi of an extractive electrospray ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometer (EESI-TOF). The EESI-TOF is a recently developed instrument capable of providing uniquely detailed online chemical characterization of organic aerosol (OA), in particular the secondary OA (SOA) fraction. Here, we are able to apportion not only primary OA but also SOA to specific sources, which is performed for the first time in Delhi.
Himadri Sekhar Bhowmik, Ashutosh Shukla, Vipul Lalchandani, Jay Dave, Neeraj Rastogi, Mayank Kumar, Vikram Singh, and Sachchida Nand Tripathi
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 15, 2667–2684, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-2667-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-2667-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This study presents comparisons between online and offline measurements of both refractory and non-refractory aerosol. This study shows differences between the measurements, related to either the limitations of the instrument (e.g., aerosol mass spectrometer only observing non-refractory aerosol) or known interferences with the technique (e.g., volatilization or reactions). The findings highlight the measurement methods' accuracy and imply the particular type of measurements needed.
Mathilda Hancock, Stephen Sitch, Fabian Jörg Fischer, Jérôme Chave, Michael O'Sullivan, Dominic Fawcett, and Lina María Mercado
Biogeosciences Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2022-87, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2022-87, 2022
Publication in BG not foreseen
Short summary
Short summary
Global vegetation models often underestimate the spatial variability of carbon stored in the Amazon forest. This paper demonstrates that including spatially varying tree mortality rates, as opposed to a homogeneous rate, in one model, significantly improves its simulations of the forest carbon store. To overcome the limited resolution of tree mortality data, this research presents a simple method of calculating mortality rates across Amazonia using a dependence on wood density.
Heye Reemt Bogena, Martin Schrön, Jannis Jakobi, Patrizia Ney, Steffen Zacharias, Mie Andreasen, Roland Baatz, David Boorman, Mustafa Berk Duygu, Miguel Angel Eguibar-Galán, Benjamin Fersch, Till Franke, Josie Geris, María González Sanchis, Yann Kerr, Tobias Korf, Zalalem Mengistu, Arnaud Mialon, Paolo Nasta, Jerzy Nitychoruk, Vassilios Pisinaras, Daniel Rasche, Rafael Rosolem, Hami Said, Paul Schattan, Marek Zreda, Stefan Achleitner, Eduardo Albentosa-Hernández, Zuhal Akyürek, Theresa Blume, Antonio del Campo, Davide Canone, Katya Dimitrova-Petrova, John G. Evans, Stefano Ferraris, Félix Frances, Davide Gisolo, Andreas Güntner, Frank Herrmann, Joost Iwema, Karsten H. Jensen, Harald Kunstmann, Antonio Lidón, Majken Caroline Looms, Sascha Oswald, Andreas Panagopoulos, Amol Patil, Daniel Power, Corinna Rebmann, Nunzio Romano, Lena Scheiffele, Sonia Seneviratne, Georg Weltin, and Harry Vereecken
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 1125–1151, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-1125-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-1125-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Monitoring of increasingly frequent droughts is a prerequisite for climate adaptation strategies. This data paper presents long-term soil moisture measurements recorded by 66 cosmic-ray neutron sensors (CRNS) operated by 24 institutions and distributed across major climate zones in Europe. Data processing followed harmonized protocols and state-of-the-art methods to generate consistent and comparable soil moisture products and to facilitate continental-scale analysis of hydrological extremes.
Magdalena Szczykulska, David Boorman, James Blake, and Jonathan G. Evans
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2021-564, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2021-564, 2021
Preprint withdrawn
Short summary
Short summary
In this note, a revised incoming neutron intensity correction factor for soil moisture monitoring using cosmic-ray neutron sensors (CRNSs) is presented. The correction takes into account the incoming neutron flux differences at the reference neutron monitoring and soil moisture sites. When applied to the COSMOS-UK soil moisture data, it reduces the otherwise unexplained trend present in the data at wetter sites. It has implications for better soil moisture quantification using the CRNS method.
Karn Vohra, Eloise A. Marais, Shannen Suckra, Louisa Kramer, William J. Bloss, Ravi Sahu, Abhishek Gaur, Sachchida N. Tripathi, Martin Van Damme, Lieven Clarisse, and Pierre-F. Coheur
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 6275–6296, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-6275-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-6275-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We find satellite observations of atmospheric composition generally reproduce variability in surface air pollution, so we use their long record to estimate air quality trends in major UK and Indian cities. Our trend analysis shows that pollutants targeted with air quality policies have not declined in Delhi and Kanpur but have in London and Birmingham, with the exception of a recent and dramatic increase in reactive volatile organics in London. Unregulated ammonia has increased only in Delhi.
Hollie M. Cooper, Emma Bennett, James Blake, Eleanor Blyth, David Boorman, Elizabeth Cooper, Jonathan Evans, Matthew Fry, Alan Jenkins, Ross Morrison, Daniel Rylett, Simon Stanley, Magdalena Szczykulska, Emily Trill, Vasileios Antoniou, Anne Askquith-Ellis, Lucy Ball, Milo Brooks, Michael A. Clarke, Nicholas Cowan, Alexander Cumming, Philip Farrand, Olivia Hitt, William Lord, Peter Scarlett, Oliver Swain, Jenna Thornton, Alan Warwick, and Ben Winterbourn
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 13, 1737–1757, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-1737-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-1737-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
COSMOS-UK is a UK network of environmental monitoring sites, with a focus on measuring field-scale soil moisture. Each site includes soil and hydrometeorological sensors providing data including air temperature, humidity, net radiation, neutron counts, snow water equivalent, and potential evaporation. These data can provide information for science, industry, and agriculture by improving existing understanding and data products in fields such as water resources, space sciences, and biodiversity.
Ewan Pinnington, Javier Amezcua, Elizabeth Cooper, Simon Dadson, Rich Ellis, Jian Peng, Emma Robinson, Ross Morrison, Simon Osborne, and Tristan Quaife
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 25, 1617–1641, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-1617-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-1617-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Land surface models are important tools for translating meteorological forecasts and reanalyses into real-world impacts at the Earth's surface. We show that the hydrological predictions, in particular soil moisture, of these models can be improved by combining them with satellite observations from the NASA SMAP mission to update uncertain parameters. We find a 22 % reduction in error at a network of in situ soil moisture sensors after combining model predictions with satellite observations.
Pragati Rai, Jay G. Slowik, Markus Furger, Imad El Haddad, Suzanne Visser, Yandong Tong, Atinderpal Singh, Günther Wehrle, Varun Kumar, Anna K. Tobler, Deepika Bhattu, Liwei Wang, Dilip Ganguly, Neeraj Rastogi, Ru-Jin Huang, Jaroslaw Necki, Junji Cao, Sachchida N. Tripathi, Urs Baltensperger, and André S. H. Prévôt
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 717–730, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-717-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-717-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We present a simple conceptual framework based on elemental size distributions and enrichment factors that allows for a characterization of major sources, site-to-site similarities, and local differences and the identification of key information required for efficient policy development. Absolute concentrations are by far the highest in Delhi, followed by Beijing, and then the European cities.
Ravi Sahu, Ayush Nagal, Kuldeep Kumar Dixit, Harshavardhan Unnibhavi, Srikanth Mantravadi, Srijith Nair, Yogesh Simmhan, Brijesh Mishra, Rajesh Zele, Ronak Sutaria, Vidyanand Motiram Motghare, Purushottam Kar, and Sachchida Nand Tripathi
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 14, 37–52, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-37-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-37-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
A unique feature of our low-cost sensor deployment is a swap-out experiment wherein four of the six sensors were relocated to different sites in the two phases. The swap-out experiment is crucial in investigating the efficacy of calibration models when applied to weather and air quality conditions vastly different from those present during calibration. We developed a novel local calibration algorithm based on metric learning that offers stable and accurate calibration performance.
Goutam Choudhury, Bhishma Tyagi, Naresh Krishna Vissa, Jyotsna Singh, Chandan Sarangi, Sachchida Nand Tripathi, and Matthias Tesche
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 15389–15399, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-15389-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-15389-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
This study uses 17 years (2001–2017) of observed rain rate, aerosol optical depth (AOD), meteorological reanalysis fields and outgoing long-wave radiation to investigate high precipitation events at the foothills of the Himalayas. Composite analysis of all data sets for high precipitation events (daily rainfall > 95th percentile) indicates clear and robust associations between high precipitation events, high aerosol loading and high moist static energy values.
Cited articles
Baldocchi, D.: Measuring and Modelling Carbon dioxide and Water Vapour
Exchange over a Temperate Broad-leaved Forest during the 1995 Summer
Drought, Plant. Cell Environ., 20, 1108–1122,
https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3040.1997.d01-147.x, 1997.
Bhat, G. S., Morrison, R., Taylor, C. M., Bhattacharya, B. K., Paleri, S.,
Desai, D., Evans, J. G., Pattnaik, S., Sekhar, M., Nigam, R., Sattar, A.,
Angadi, S. S., Kacha, D., Patidar, A., Tripathi, S. N., Krishnan, K. V. M.,
and Sisodiya, A.: Spatial and temporal variability in energy and water
vapour fluxes observed at seven sites on the Indian subcontinent during
2017, Q. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 146, 2853–2866,
https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.3688, 2020.
Burkhardt, J.: Hygroscopic particles on leaves: nutrients or desiccants?,
Ecol. Monogr., 80, 369–399, 2010.
Burkhardt, J. and Grantz, D.: Plants and Atmospheric Aerosols, Prog.
Botany, 78, 369–406, 2016.
Campbell, J. R., Hlavka, D. L., Welton, E. J., Flynn, C. J., Turner, D. D.,
Spinhirne, J. D., Scott, V. S., and Hwang, I. H.: Full-Time, Eye-Safe Cloud
and Aerosol Lidar Observation at Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Program
Sites: Instruments and Data Processing, J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol., 19,
431–442, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0426(2002)019<0431:FTESCA>2.0.CO;2, 2002.
Cardoso, J. A., Pineda, M., Jiménez de la C., J., Vergara, M. F., and
Rao, I. M.: Contrasting strategies to cope with drought conditions by two
tropical forage C4 grasses, AoB Plants, 7, plv107,
https://doi.org/10.1093/aobpla/plv107, 2015.
Chakraborty, T. and Lee, X.: Land Cover Regulates the Spatial Variability of
Temperature Response to the Direct Radiative Effect of Aerosols, Geophys.
Res. Lett., 46, 8995–9003, https://doi.org/10.1029/2019GL083812,
2019.
Chakraborty, T., Sarangi, C., Krishnan K V, M., Tripathi, S., Morrison, R.,
and Evans, J.: Biases in Model-Simulated Surface Energy Fluxes During the
Indian Monsoon Onset Period, Bound.-Lay. Meteorol., 170, 323–348,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10546-018-0395-x, 2019.
Chakraborty, T., Lee, X., and Lawrence, D. M.: Strong Local Evaporative
Cooling Over Land Due to Atmospheric Aerosols, J. Adv. Model. Earth Sy.,
13, e2021MS002491, https://doi.org/10.1029/2021MS002491, 2021.
Chameides, W. L., Yu, H., Liu, S. C., Bergin, M., Zhou, X., Mearns, L.,
Wang, G., Kiang, C. S., Saylor, R. D., Luo, C., Huang, Y., Steiner, A., and
Giorgi, F.: Case study of the effects of atmospheric aerosols and regional
haze on agriculture: An opportunity to enhance crop yields in China through
emission controls?, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 96, 13626–13633, 1999.
Collatz, G. J., Ball, J. T., Grivet, C., and Berry, J. A.: Physiological and
environmental regulation of stomatal conductance, photosynthesis and
transpiration: a model that includes a laminar boundary layer, Agric. For.
Meteorol., 54, 107–136,
https://doi.org/10.1016/0168-1923(91)90002-8, 1991.
Damour, G., Simonneau, T., Cochard, H., and Urban, L.: An overview of models
of stomatal conductance at the leaf level, Plant Cell Environ., 33,
1419–1438, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3040.2010.02181.x, 2010.
Dave, P., Bhushan, M., and Venkataraman, C.: Absorbing aerosol influence on
temperature maxima: An observation based study over India, Atmos. Environ.,
223, 117237, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2019.117237, 2020.
Davin, E. L. and Seneviratne, S. I.: Role of land surface processes and diffuse/direct radiation partitioning in simulating the European climate, Biogeosciences, 9, 1695–1707, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-9-1695-2012, 2012.
Dey, S. and Di Girolamo, L.: A decade of change in aerosol properties over
the Indian subcontinent, Geophys. Res. Lett., 38, 14,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2011GL048153, 2011.
Dimitris, G. K., Singh, R. P., Gautam, R., Sharma, M., Kosmopoulos, P. G.,
and Tripathi, S. N.: Variability and trends of aerosol properties over
Kanpur, northern India using AERONET data (2001–10), Environ. Res. Lett.,
7, 24003, https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/7/2/024003, 2012.
Forster, P., Ramaswamy, V., Artaxo, P., Berntsen, T., Betts, R., Fahey, D. W.,
Haywood, J., Lean, J., Lowe, D. C., Myhre, G., Nganga, J., Prinn, R., Raga, G., Schulz, M.,
and Van Dorald, R.: Changes in atmospheric constituents and in radiative forcing,
in: Climate Change, The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of
Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental
Panel on Climate Change, edited by: Solomon, S., Qin, D., Manning, M., Chen, Z.,
Marquis, M., Averyt, K. B., Tignor, M., and Miller, H.
L., Cambridge University Press,
Cambridge, UK and NewYork, USA, 2007.
Grantz, D. A., Zinsmeister, D., and Burkhardt, J.: Ambient aerosol increases
minimum leaf conductance and alters the aperture–flux relationship as
stomata respond to vapor pressure deficit (VPD), New Phytol., 219,
275–286, https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.15102, 2018.
Grossiord, C., Buckley, T., Cernusak, L., Novick, K., Poulter, B., Siegwolf,
R., Sperry, J., and McDowell, N.: Plant responses to rising vapor pressure
deficit, New Phytol., 226, 1550-1566, https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.16485, 2020.
Gu, L., Meyers, T., Pallardy, S. G., Hanson, P. J., Yang, B., Heuer, M.,
Hosman, K. P., Riggs, J. S., Sluss, D., and Wullschleger, S. D.: Direct and
indirect effects of atmospheric conditions and soil moisture on surface
energy partitioning revealed by a prolonged drought at a temperate forest
site, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 111, D16,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2006JD007161, 2006.
Gupta, M., Chauhan, T., Murtugudde, R., and Ghosh, S.: Pollutants control the
process networks of urban environmental-meteorology, Environ. Res. Lett.,
16, D16, https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/abce28, 2020.
Holm, L., Pancho, J., Herberger, J., and Plunkett, D. L.: A Geographic Atlas of World
Weeds, John Wiley Sons Inc, xlix + 39 pp., 1979.
Jones, H. and Sutherland, R.: Stomatal control of xylem embolism, Plant.
Cell Environ., 14, 607–612, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3040.1991.tb01532.x, 2006.
Jung, M., Koirala, S., Weber, U., Ichii, K., Gans, F., Camps-Valls, G.,Papale, D., Schwalm, C., Tramontana, G., and Reichstein, M.: The FLUXCOM ensemble of global land-atmosphere energy fluxes, Sci. Data, 6, 74, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-019-0076-8, 2019.
Knohl, A. and Baldocchi, D.: Effects of diffuse radiation on canopy gas
exchange processes in a forest ecosystem, J. Geophys. Res.-Biogeo.,
113, G02023, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007JG000663, 2008.
Krishnan, R., Sanjay, J., Gnanaseelan, C., Mujumdar, M., Kulkarni, A., and
Chakraboty, S.: Assessment of climate change over the Indian region: a
report of the Ministry of Earth Sciences (MoES), Governament of India, Springer, Nature, 226 pp.,
2020.
Kumar, M., Parmar, K. S., Kumar, D. B., Mhawish, A., Broday, D. M., Mall, R.
K., and Banerjee, T.: Long-term aerosol climatology over Indo-Gangetic Plain:
Trend, prediction and potential source fields, Atmos. Environ., 180, 37–50,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2018.02.027, 2018.
Kumar, R., Barth, M. C., Pfister, G. G., Delle Monache, L., Lamarque, J. F.,
Archer-Nicholls, S., Tilmes, S., Ghude, S. D., Wiedinmyer, C., Naja, M., and
Walters, S.: How Will Air Quality Change in South Asia by 2050?, J. Geophys.
Res.-Atmos., 123, 1840–1864, https://doi.org/10.1002/2017JD027357,
2018.
Latha, R., Murthy, B., and Bhanage, V.: Aerosol-induced perturbation of
surface fluxes over different landscapes in a tropical region, Int. J.
Remote Sens., 40, 1–19, https://doi.org/10.1080/01431161.2018.1523586, 2018.
Liang, X., Erickson, J., Sollenberger, L., Rowland, D., Silveira, M., and
Vermerris, W.: Growth and Transpiration Responses of Elephantgrass and
Energycane to Soil Drying, Crop Sci., 58, 354–363, https://doi.org/10.2135/cropsci2017.01.0019,
2018.
Liu, S., Chen, M., and Zhuang, Q.: Aerosol effects on global land surface
energy fluxes during 2003–2010, Geophys. Res. Lett., 41, 7875–7881,
https://doi.org/10.1002/2014GL061640, 2014.
Mallet, M., Tulet, P., Serça, D., Solmon, F., Dubovik, O., Pelon, J., Pont, V., and Thouron, O.: Impact of dust aerosols on the radiative budget, surface heat fluxes, heating rate profiles and convective activity over West Africa during March 2006, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 7143–7160, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-7143-2009, 2009.
Matsui, T., Beltrán-Przekurat, A., Niyogi, D., Pielke Sr., R. A., and
Coughenour, M.: Aerosol light scattering effect on terrestrial plant
productivity and energy fluxes over the eastern United States, J. Geophys.
Res.-Atmos., 113, D14, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007JD009658, 2008.
Medlyn, B. E., Duursma, R. A., Eamus, D., Ellsworth, D. S., Prentice, I. C.,
Barton, C. V. M., Crous, K. Y., de Angelis, P., Freeman, M., and Wingate, L.:
Reconciling the optimal and empirical approaches to modelling stomatal
conductance, Glob. Change Biol., 17, 2134–2144,
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2010.02375.x, 2011.
Mercado, L. M., Bellouin, N., Sitch, S., Boucher, O., Huntingford, C., Wild,
M., and Cox, P. M.: Impact of changes in diffuse radiation on the global land
carbon sink, Nature, 458, 1014–1017, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature07949, 2009.
Mondal, A., Sah, N., Sharma, A., Venkataraman, C., and Patil, N.: Absorbing
aerosols and high-temperature extremes in India: A general circulation
modelling study, Int. J. Climatol., 41, E1498–E1517,
https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.6783, 2021.
Monteith, J.: Evaporation and environment. Symposia of the Society for
Experimental Biology., Symp. Soc. Exp. Biol., 19, 205–234, 1965.
Morrison, R., Angadi, S. S., Cooper, H. M., Evans, J. G., Rees, G., Sekhar, M., Taylor, C., Tripathi, S. N., and Turner, A. G.: Energy and carbon dioxide fluxes, meteorology and soil physics observed at INCOMPASS land surface stations in India, 2016 to 2017, NERC Environmental Information Data Centre [data set], https://doi.org/10.5285/78c64025-1f8d-431c-bdeb-e69a5877d2ed, 2019.
Mukherjee, S. and Mishra, V.: A sixfold rise in concurrent day and
night-time heatwaves in India under 2 ∘C warming, Sci. Rep.-UK,
8, 1–10, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-35348-w, 2018.
Murthy, B. S., Latha, R., Kumar, M., and Mahanti, N. C.: Effect of aerosols
on evapo-transpiration, Atmos. Environ., 89, 109–118,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2014.02.029, 2014.
Mwendia, S. W., Yunusa, I., Whalley, R. D. B., Sindel, B., Kenney, D., and
Kariuki, I. W.: Use of plant water relations to assess forage quality and
growth of two cultivars of Napier Grass (Pennisetum purpureum) subjected to
different levels of soil water supply and temperature regimes, Crop Pasture
Sci., 64, 1008–1019, https://doi.org/10.1071/CP13254, 2013.
Mwendia, S. W., Yunusa, I., Sindel, B., Whalley, R. D. B., and Kariuki, I.:
Assessment of Napier grass accessions in lowland and highland tropical
environments of East Africa: Water stress indices, water use and water use
efficiency, J. Sci. Food Agric., 97, 1953–1961, https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.8004, 2016.
Myhre, G., Samset, B. H., Hodnebrog, Ø., Andrews, T., Boucher, O.,
Faluvegi, G., Fläschner, D., Forster, P. M., Kasoar, M., Kharin, V.,
Kirkevåg, A., Lamarque, J.-F., Olivié, D., Richardson, T. B.,
Shawki, D., Shindell, D., Shine, K. P., Stjern, C. W., Takemura, T., and
Voulgarakis, A.: Sensible heat has significantly affected the global
hydrological cycle over the historical period, Nat. Commun., 9, 1922,
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-04307-4, 2018.
Niyogi, D., Chang, H.-I., Saxena, V. K., Holt, T., Alapaty, K., Booker, F.,
Davis, K., Holben, B., Matsui, T., Meyers, T., Oechel, W., Pielke Sr., R.,
Wells, R., Wilson, K., and Xue, Y.: Direct observations of the effects of
aerosol loading on net ecosystem CO2 exchanges over different landscapes,
Geophys. Res. Lett., 31, 20, https://doi.org/10.1029/2004GL020915, 2004.
O'Sullivan, M., Rap, A., Reddington, C., Spracklen, D., Gloor, M., and
Buermann, W.: Small global effect on terrestrial net primary production due
to increased fossil fuel aerosol emissions from East Asia since the turn of
the century, Geophys. Res. Lett., 43, 15, https://doi.org/10.1002/2016GL068965, 2016.
Pandithurai, G., Chellappan, S., Murthy, B., and Devara, P.: Investigation of
atmospheric boundary layer characteristics for different aerosol
absorptions: Case studies using CAPS model, Atmos. Environ., 42, 4755–4768,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2008.01.038, 2008.
Penman, H. L.: Natural Evaporation from open water, bare soil and
grass, Proc. R. Soc. A, 193, 120–145,
https://doi.org/10.1098/rspa.1948.0037, 1948.
Rao, K. G. and Reddy, N. N.: On Moisture Flux of the Indian Summer Monsoon:
A New Perspective, Geophys. Res. Lett., 46, 1794–1804,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2018GL080392, 2019.
Rap, A., Scott, C. E., Reddington, C. L., Mercado, L., Ellis, R. J.,
Garraway, S., Evans, M. J., Beerling, D. J., MacKenzie, A. R., Hewitt, C. N.,
and Spracklen, D. V: Enhanced global primary production by biogenic aerosol
via diffuse radiation fertilization, Nat. Geosci., 11, 640–644,
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-018-0208-3, 2018.
Ratnam, J. V, Behera, S. K., Ratna, S. B., Rajeevan, M., and Yamagata, T.:
Anatomy of Indian heatwaves, Sci. Rep.-UK, 6, 24395, https://doi.org/10.1038/srep24395,
2016.
Reichstein, M., Falge, E., Baldocchi, D., Papale, D., Aubinet, M.,
Berbigier, P., Bernhofer, C., Buchmann, N., Gilmanov, T., Granier, A.,
Grünwald, T., Havránková, K., Ilvesniemi, H., Janous, D., Knohl,
A., Laurila, T., Lohila, A., Loustau, D., Matteucci, G., and Valentini, R.:
On the Separation of Net Ecosystem Exchange into Assimilation and Ecosystem
Respiration: Review and Improved Algorithm, Glob. Change Biol., 11,
1424–1439, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2005.001002.x, 2005.
Ricchiazzi, P., Yang, S., Gautier, C., and Sowle, D.: SBDART: A Research and
Teaching Software Tool for Plane-Parallel Radiative Transfer in the Earth's
Atmosphere, B. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 79, 2101–2114,
https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0477(1998)079<2101:SARATS>2.0.CO;2,
1998.
Rigden, A. J. and Salvucci, G. D.: Stomatal response to humidity and CO2
implicated in recent decline in US evaporation, Glob. Chang. Biol., 23,
1140–1151, https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.13439, 2017.
Rohini, P., Rajeevan, M., and Srivastava, A.: On the Variability and
Increasing Trends of Heat Waves over India, Sci. Rep.-UK, 6, 26153,
https://doi.org/10.1038/srep26153, 2016.
Sarangi, C., Tripathi, S. N., Mishra, A. K., Goel, A., and Welton, E. J.:
Elevated aerosol layers and their radiative impact over Kanpur during
monsoon onset period, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 121, 7936–7957,
https://doi.org/10.1002/2015JD024711, 2016.
Schwartz, S. E.: The whitehouse effect – Shortwave radiative forcing of
climate by anthropogenic aerosols: an overview, J. Aerosol Sci., 27,
359–382, https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-8502(95)00533-1, 1996.
Shen, Z., Yi, M., and Held, M. I.: Using the fast impact of anthropogenic
aerosols on regional land temperature to constrain aerosol forcing, Sci.
Adv., 6, eabb5297, https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abb5297, 2022.
Srivastava, A. K., Tiwari, S., Devara, P. C. S., Bisht, D. S., Srivastava, M. K., Tripathi, S. N., Goloub, P., and Holben, B. N.: Pre-monsoon aerosol characteristics over the Indo-Gangetic Basin: implications to climatic impact, Ann. Geophys., 29, 789–804, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-29-789-2011, 2011.
Steiner, A. L. and Chameides, W. L.: Aerosol-induced thermal effects
increase modelled terrestrial photosynthesis and transpiration, Tellus B, 57, 404–411, https://doi.org/10.3402/tellusb.v57i5.16559,
2005.
Steiner, A. L., Mermelstein, D., Cheng, S. J., Twine, T. E., and Oliphant,
A.: Observed Impact of Atmospheric Aerosols on the Surface Energy Budget,
Earth Interact., 17, 1–22, https://doi.org/10.1175/2013EI000523.1, 2013.
Talukdar, S. and Madineni, V. R.: A mutual response between surface
temperature and black carbon mass concentration during the daytime, Sci.
Total Environ., 759, 143477, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143477, 2020.
Trenberth, K. E., Fasullo, J. T., and Kiehl, J.: Earth's Global Energy
Budget, B. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 90, 311–324,
https://doi.org/10.1175/2008BAMS2634.1, 2009.
Turner, A. G., Bhat, G. S., Martin, G. M., Parker, D. J., Taylor, C. M.,
Mitra, A. K., Tripathi, S. N., Milton, S., Rajagopal, E. N., Evans, J. G.,
Morrison, R., Pattnaik, S., Sekhar, M., Bhattacharya, B. K., Madan, R.,
Govindankutty, M., Fletcher, J. K., Willetts, P. D., Menon, A., Marsham, J.
H., team, and the I., Hunt, K. M. R., Chakraborty, T., George, G., Krishnan,
M., Sarangi, C., Belušić, D., Garcia-Carreras, L., Brooks, M.,
Webster, S., Brooke, J. K., Fox, C., Harlow, R. C., Langridge, J. M.,
Jayakumar, A., Böing, S. J., Halliday, O., Bowles, J., Kent, J.,
O'Sullivan, D., Wilson, A., Woods, C., Rogers, S., Smout-Day, R., Tiddeman,
D., Desai, D., Nigam, R., Paleri, S., Sattar, A., Smith, M., Anderson, D.,
Bauguitte, S., Carling, R., Chan, C., Devereau, S., Gratton, G., MacLeod,
D., Nott, G., Pickering, M., Price, H., Rastall, S., Reed, C., Trembath, J.,
Woolley, A., Volonté, A., and New, B.: Interaction of convective
organization with monsoon precipitation, atmosphere, surface and sea: The
2016 INCOMPASS field campaign in India, Q. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 146,
2828–2852, https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.3633, 2020.
Urankar, G., Prabha, T. V, Pandithurai, G., Pallavi, P., Achuthavarier, D.,
and Goswami, B. N.: Aerosol and cloud feedbacks on surface energy balance
over selected regions of the Indian subcontinent, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos.,
117, D4, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011JD016363, 2012.
Wang, K. and Dickinson, R. E.: A review of global terrestrial
evapotranspiration: Observation, modeling, climatology, and climatic
variability, Rev. Geophys., 50, 2, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011RG000373,
2012.
Wang, K., Dickinson, R., and Liang, S.: Observational evidence on the effects
of clouds and aerosols on net ecosystem exchange and evapotranspiration,
Geophys. Res. Lett., 35, L10401, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008GL034167, 2008.
Wang, Z., Wang, C., Wang, B., Wang, X., Li, J., Wu, J., and Liu, L.:
Interactive effects of air pollutants and atmospheric moisture stress on
aspen growth and photosynthesis along an urban-rural gradient, Environ.
Pollut., 260, 114076, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114076,
2020.
Welton, E. J. and Campbell, J. R.: Micropulse Lidar Signals: Uncertainty
Analysis, J. Atmos. Ocean. Tech., 19, 2089–2094,
https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0426(2002)019<2089:MLSUA>2.0.CO;2,
2002.
Yu, H., Liu, S. C., and Dickinson, R. E.: Radiative effects of aerosols on
the evolution of the atmospheric boundary layer, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos.,
107, AAC 3-1–AAC 3-14, https://doi.org/10.1029/2001JD000754, 2002.
Yuan, W., Yi, Z., Shilong, P., Philippe, C., Danica, L., Yingping, W.,
Youngryel, R., Guixing, C., Wenjie, D., Zhongming, H., K., J. A., Chongya,
J., Etsushi, K., Shihua, L., Sebastian, L., Shuguang, L., Nabel, J. E. M. S.,
Zhangcai, Q., Timothy, Q., Stephen, S., K., S. W., Fan, W., Chaoyang, W.,
Zhiqiang, X., and Song, Y.: Increased atmospheric vapor pressure deficit
reduces global vegetation growth, Sci. Adv., 5, eaax1396,
https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aax1396, 2022.
Yue, X. and Unger, N.: Aerosol optical depth thresholds as a tool to assess diffuse radiation fertilization of the land carbon uptake in China, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 1329–1342, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-1329-2017, 2017.
Short summary
Transpiration fluxes by vegetation are reduced under heat stress to conserve water. However, in situ observations over northern India show that the strength of the inverse association between transpiration and atmospheric vapor pressure deficit is weakening in the presence of heavy aerosol loading. This finding not only implicates the significant role of aerosols in modifying the evaporative fraction (EF) but also warrants an in-depth analysis of the aerosol–plant–temperature–EF continuum.
Transpiration fluxes by vegetation are reduced under heat stress to conserve water. However, in...
Altmetrics
Final-revised paper
Preprint