Articles | Volume 18, issue 14
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 10177–10198, 2018
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-10177-2018
© Author(s) 2018. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 10177–10198, 2018
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-10177-2018
© Author(s) 2018. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article 17 Jul 2018
Research article | 17 Jul 2018
Cloud, precipitation and radiation responses to large perturbations in global dimethyl sulfide
Sonya L. Fiddes et al.
Related authors
Sonya Fiddes, Matthew Woodhouse, Steve Utembe, Robyn Schofield, Joel Alroe, Scott Chambers, Luke Cravigan, Erin Dunne, Ruhi Humphries, Graham Johnson, Melita Keywood, Todd Lane, Branka Miljevic, Yuko Omori, Zoran Ristovski, Paul Sellek, Hilton Swan, Hiroshi Tanimoto, Jason Ward, and Alister Williams
Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2021-507, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2021-507, 2021
Preprint under review for ACP
Short summary
Short summary
Coral reefs have been found to produce the climatically relevant chemical compound dimethyl sulfide (DMS). It has been suggested that corals can modify their environment via the production of DMS. We use an atmospheric-chemistry model to test this theory at a regional scale for the first time. We find that it is unlikely that coral reef derived DMS has an influence over local climate, in part due to their proximity to terrestrial and anthropogenic aerosol sources.
Sonya L. Fiddes, Matthew T. Woodhouse, Todd P. Lane, and Robyn Schofield
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 5883–5903, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-5883-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-5883-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Coral reefs are known to produce the aerosol precursor dimethyl sulfide (DMS). Currently, this source of coral DMS is unaccounted for in climate modelling, and the impact of coral reef extinction on aerosol and climate is unknown. In this study, we address this problem using a coupled chemistry–climate model for the first time. We find that coral reefs make a minimal contribution to the aerosol population and are unlikely to play a role in climate modulation.
Lea Beusch, Zebedee Nicholls, Lukas Gudmundsson, Mathias Hauser, Malte Meinshausen, and Sonia I. Seneviratne
Geosci. Model Dev. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-2021-252, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-2021-252, 2021
Preprint under review for GMD
Short summary
Short summary
We introduce the first chain of computationally efficient Earth System Model (ESM) emulators to translate user-defined greenhouse gas emission pathways into regional temperature change time series accounting for all major sources of climate change projection uncertainty. By combining the global-mean emulator MAGICC with the spatially resolved emulator MESMER, we can derive ESM-specific and constrained probabilistic emulations to rapidly provide targeted climate information at the local scale.
Sonya Fiddes, Matthew Woodhouse, Steve Utembe, Robyn Schofield, Joel Alroe, Scott Chambers, Luke Cravigan, Erin Dunne, Ruhi Humphries, Graham Johnson, Melita Keywood, Todd Lane, Branka Miljevic, Yuko Omori, Zoran Ristovski, Paul Sellek, Hilton Swan, Hiroshi Tanimoto, Jason Ward, and Alister Williams
Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2021-507, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2021-507, 2021
Preprint under review for ACP
Short summary
Short summary
Coral reefs have been found to produce the climatically relevant chemical compound dimethyl sulfide (DMS). It has been suggested that corals can modify their environment via the production of DMS. We use an atmospheric-chemistry model to test this theory at a regional scale for the first time. We find that it is unlikely that coral reef derived DMS has an influence over local climate, in part due to their proximity to terrestrial and anthropogenic aerosol sources.
Nicholas J. Leach, Stuart Jenkins, Zebedee Nicholls, Christopher J. Smith, John Lynch, Michelle Cain, Tristram Walsh, Bill Wu, Junichi Tsutsui, and Myles R. Allen
Geosci. Model Dev., 14, 3007–3036, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-3007-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-3007-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
This paper presents an update of the FaIR simple climate model, which can estimate the impact of anthropogenic greenhouse gas and aerosol emissions on the global climate. This update aims to significantly increase the structural simplicity of the model, making it more understandable and transparent. This simplicity allows it to be implemented in a wide range of environments, including Excel. We suggest that it could be used widely in academia, corporate research, and education.
Ashok K. Luhar, Ian E. Galbally, Matthew T. Woodhouse, and Nathan Luke Abraham
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 7053–7082, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-7053-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-7053-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Lightning-generated nitrogen oxides (LNOx) greatly influence tropospheric photochemistry. The most common parameterisation of lightning flash rate used to calculate LNOx in global composition models underestimates measurements over the ocean by a factor of 20–25. We formulate and validate an alternative parameterisation to remedy this problem. The new scheme causes an increase in the ozone burden by 8.5 % and the hydroxyl radical by 13 %, and these have implications for climate and air quality.
Charles Koven, Vivek K. Arora, Patricia Cadule, Rosie A. Fisher, Chris D. Jones, David M. Lawrence, Jared Lewis, Keith Lindsey, Sabine Mathesius, Malte Meinshausen, Michael Mills, Zebedee Nicholls, Benjamin M. Sanderson, Neil C. Swart, William R. Wieder, and Kirsten Zickfeld
Earth Syst. Dynam. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-2021-23, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-2021-23, 2021
Revised manuscript under review for ESD
Short summary
Short summary
We explore the long-term dynamics of Earth's climate and carbon cycles under a pair of contrasting scenarios to the year 2300, using five models that include both climate and carbon cycle dynamics. One scenario assumes very high emissions, while the second assumes a peak in emissions, followed by rapid declines to net negative emissions. We show that the models generally agree that warming is roughly proportional to carbon emissions, but that many other aspects of the model projections differ.
Sonya L. Fiddes, Matthew T. Woodhouse, Todd P. Lane, and Robyn Schofield
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 5883–5903, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-5883-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-5883-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Coral reefs are known to produce the aerosol precursor dimethyl sulfide (DMS). Currently, this source of coral DMS is unaccounted for in climate modelling, and the impact of coral reef extinction on aerosol and climate is unknown. In this study, we address this problem using a coupled chemistry–climate model for the first time. We find that coral reefs make a minimal contribution to the aerosol population and are unlikely to play a role in climate modulation.
Claudia Tebaldi, Kevin Debeire, Veronika Eyring, Erich Fischer, John Fyfe, Pierre Friedlingstein, Reto Knutti, Jason Lowe, Brian O'Neill, Benjamin Sanderson, Detlef van Vuuren, Keywan Riahi, Malte Meinshausen, Zebedee Nicholls, Katarzyna B. Tokarska, George Hurtt, Elmar Kriegler, Jean-Francois Lamarque, Gerald Meehl, Richard Moss, Susanne E. Bauer, Olivier Boucher, Victor Brovkin, Young-Hwa Byun, Martin Dix, Silvio Gualdi, Huan Guo, Jasmin G. John, Slava Kharin, YoungHo Kim, Tsuyoshi Koshiro, Libin Ma, Dirk Olivié, Swapna Panickal, Fangli Qiao, Xinyao Rong, Nan Rosenbloom, Martin Schupfner, Roland Séférian, Alistair Sellar, Tido Semmler, Xiaoying Shi, Zhenya Song, Christian Steger, Ronald Stouffer, Neil Swart, Kaoru Tachiiri, Qi Tang, Hiroaki Tatebe, Aurore Voldoire, Evgeny Volodin, Klaus Wyser, Xiaoge Xin, Shuting Yang, Yongqiang Yu, and Tilo Ziehn
Earth Syst. Dynam., 12, 253–293, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-12-253-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-12-253-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We present an overview of CMIP6 ScenarioMIP outcomes from up to 38 participating ESMs according to the new SSP-based scenarios. Average temperature and precipitation projections according to a wide range of forcings, spanning a wider range than the CMIP5 projections, are documented as global averages and geographic patterns. Times of crossing various warming levels are computed, together with benefits of mitigation for selected pairs of scenarios. Comparisons with CMIP5 are also discussed.
Jane P. Mulcahy, Colin Johnson, Colin G. Jones, Adam C. Povey, Catherine E. Scott, Alistair Sellar, Steven T. Turnock, Matthew T. Woodhouse, Nathan Luke Abraham, Martin B. Andrews, Nicolas Bellouin, Jo Browse, Ken S. Carslaw, Mohit Dalvi, Gerd A. Folberth, Matthew Glover, Daniel P. Grosvenor, Catherine Hardacre, Richard Hill, Ben Johnson, Andy Jones, Zak Kipling, Graham Mann, James Mollard, Fiona M. O'Connor, Julien Palmiéri, Carly Reddington, Steven T. Rumbold, Mark Richardson, Nick A. J. Schutgens, Philip Stier, Marc Stringer, Yongming Tang, Jeremy Walton, Stephanie Woodward, and Andrew Yool
Geosci. Model Dev., 13, 6383–6423, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-13-6383-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-13-6383-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Aerosols are an important component of the Earth system. Here, we comprehensively document and evaluate the aerosol schemes as implemented in the physical and Earth system models, HadGEM3-GC3.1 and UKESM1. This study provides a useful characterisation of the aerosol climatology in both models, facilitating the understanding of the numerous aerosol–climate interaction studies that will be conducted for CMIP6 and beyond.
Robert G. Ryan, Jeremy D. Silver, Richard Querel, Dan Smale, Steve Rhodes, Matt Tully, Nicholas Jones, and Robyn Schofield
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 13, 6501–6519, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-6501-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-6501-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Models have identified Australasia as a formaldehyde (HCHO) hotspot from vegetation sources, but few measurement studies exist to verify this. We compare, and find good agreement between, HCHO measurements using three – two ground-based and one satellite-based – different spectroscopic techniques in Australia and New Zealand. This gives confidence in using satellite observations to study HCHO and associated air chemistry and pollution problems in this under-studied part of the world.
Robin D. Lamboll, Zebedee R. J. Nicholls, Jarmo S. Kikstra, Malte Meinshausen, and Joeri Rogelj
Geosci. Model Dev., 13, 5259–5275, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-13-5259-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-13-5259-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Many models project how human activity can lead to more or less climate change, but most of these models do not project all climate-relevant emissions, potentially biasing climate projections. This paper outlines a Python package called Silicone, which can add missing emissions in a flexible yet high-throughput manner. It does this
infillingbased on more complete literature projections. It facilitates a more complete understanding of the climate impact of alternative emission pathways.
Zebedee R. J. Nicholls, Malte Meinshausen, Jared Lewis, Robert Gieseke, Dietmar Dommenget, Kalyn Dorheim, Chen-Shuo Fan, Jan S. Fuglestvedt, Thomas Gasser, Ulrich Golüke, Philip Goodwin, Corinne Hartin, Austin P. Hope, Elmar Kriegler, Nicholas J. Leach, Davide Marchegiani, Laura A. McBride, Yann Quilcaille, Joeri Rogelj, Ross J. Salawitch, Bjørn H. Samset, Marit Sandstad, Alexey N. Shiklomanov, Ragnhild B. Skeie, Christopher J. Smith, Steve Smith, Katsumasa Tanaka, Junichi Tsutsui, and Zhiang Xie
Geosci. Model Dev., 13, 5175–5190, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-13-5175-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-13-5175-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Computational limits mean that we cannot run our most comprehensive climate models for all applications of interest. In such cases, reduced complexity models (RCMs) are used. Here, researchers working on 15 different models present the first systematic community effort to evaluate and compare RCMs: the Reduced Complexity Model Intercomparison Project (RCMIP). Our research ensures that users of RCMs can more easily evaluate the strengths, weaknesses and limitations of their tools.
Daniele Visioni, Giovanni Pitari, Vincenzo Rizi, Marco Iarlori, Irene Cionni, Ilaria Quaglia, Hideharu Akiyoshi, Slimane Bekki, Neal Butchart, Martin Chipperfield, Makoto Deushi, Sandip S. Dhomse, Rolando Garcia, Patrick Joeckel, Douglas Kinnison, Jean-François Lamarque, Marion Marchand, Martine Michou, Olaf Morgenstern, Tatsuya Nagashima, Fiona M. O'Connor, Luke D. Oman, David Plummer, Eugene Rozanov, David Saint-Martin, Robyn Schofield, John Scinocca, Andrea Stenke, Kane Stone, Kengo Sudo, Taichu Y. Tanaka, Simone Tilmes, Holger Tost, Yousuke Yamashita, and Guang Zeng
Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2020-525, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2020-525, 2020
Preprint withdrawn
Short summary
Short summary
In this work we analyse the trend in ozone profiles taken at L'Aquila (Italy, 42.4° N) for seventeen years, between 2000 and 2016 and compare them against already available measured ozone trends. We try to understand and explain the observed trends at various heights in light of the simulations from seventeen different model, highlighting the contribution of changes in circulation and chemical ozone loss during this time period.
Rebecca L. Jackson, Albert J. Gabric, Roger Cropp, and Matthew T. Woodhouse
Biogeosciences, 17, 2181–2204, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-2181-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-2181-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Coral reefs are a strong source of atmospheric sulfur through stress-induced emissions of dimethylsulfide (DMS). This biogenic sulfur can influence aerosol and cloud properties and, consequently, the radiative balance over the ocean. DMS emissions may therefore help to mitigate coral physiological stress via increased low-level cloud cover and reduced sea surface temperature. The importance of DMS in coral physiology and climate is reviewed and the implications for coral bleaching are discussed.
Nicholas James Leach, Zebedee Nicholls, Stuart Jenkins, Christopher J. Smith, John Lynch, Michelle Cain, Bill Wu, Junichi Tsutsui, and Myles R. Allen
Geosci. Model Dev. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-2019-379, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-2019-379, 2020
Revised manuscript not accepted
Short summary
Short summary
GIR is a simple climate model designed to make exploration of the impact of greenhouse gas and aerosol emissions on the climate easy and understandable for its users. It uses an intuitive input and output structure, and the model is itself a set of only six equations. This lends the model to applications such as teaching, or as a lowest common denominator model between groups in large-scale climate assessments. It could also be used to investigate more complex models through emulation.
Huang Yang, Darryn W. Waugh, Clara Orbe, Guang Zeng, Olaf Morgenstern, Douglas E. Kinnison, Jean-Francois Lamarque, Simone Tilmes, David A. Plummer, Patrick Jöckel, Susan E. Strahan, Kane A. Stone, and Robyn Schofield
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 5511–5528, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-5511-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-5511-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
We evaluate the performance of a suite of models in simulating the large-scale transport from the northern midlatitudes to the Arctic using a CO-like idealized tracer. We find a large multi-model spread of the Arctic concentration of this CO-like tracer that is well correlated with the differences in the location of the midlatitude jet as well as the northern Hadley Cell edge. Our results suggest the Hadley Cell is key and zonal-mean transport by surface meridional flow needs better constraint.
Roland Eichinger, Simone Dietmüller, Hella Garny, Petr Šácha, Thomas Birner, Harald Bönisch, Giovanni Pitari, Daniele Visioni, Andrea Stenke, Eugene Rozanov, Laura Revell, David A. Plummer, Patrick Jöckel, Luke Oman, Makoto Deushi, Douglas E. Kinnison, Rolando Garcia, Olaf Morgenstern, Guang Zeng, Kane Adam Stone, and Robyn Schofield
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 921–940, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-921-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-921-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
To shed more light upon the changes in stratospheric circulation in the 21st century, climate projection simulations of 10 state-of-the-art global climate models, spanning from 1960 to 2100, are analyzed. The study shows that in addition to changes in transport, mixing also plays an important role in stratospheric circulation and that the properties of mixing vary over time. Furthermore, the influence of mixing is quantified and a dynamical framework is provided to understand the changes.
Laura E. Revell, Andrea Stenke, Fiona Tummon, Aryeh Feinberg, Eugene Rozanov, Thomas Peter, N. Luke Abraham, Hideharu Akiyoshi, Alexander T. Archibald, Neal Butchart, Makoto Deushi, Patrick Jöckel, Douglas Kinnison, Martine Michou, Olaf Morgenstern, Fiona M. O'Connor, Luke D. Oman, Giovanni Pitari, David A. Plummer, Robyn Schofield, Kane Stone, Simone Tilmes, Daniele Visioni, Yousuke Yamashita, and Guang Zeng
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 16155–16172, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-16155-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-16155-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Global models such as those participating in the Chemistry-Climate Model Initiative (CCMI) consistently simulate biases in tropospheric ozone compared with observations. We performed an advanced statistical analysis with one of the CCMI models to understand the cause of the bias. We found that emissions of ozone precursor gases are the dominant driver of the bias, implying either that the emissions are too large, or that the way in which the model handles emissions needs to be improved.
Robert G. Ryan, Steve Rhodes, Matthew Tully, Stephen Wilson, Nicholas Jones, Udo Frieß, and Robyn Schofield
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 13969–13985, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-13969-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-13969-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Nitrous acid (HONO) plays a crucial role in the self-cleansing capacity of the atmosphere but its formation mechanisms and spatial distributions are not well understood. This paper presents spectroscopic measurements of HONO, NO2 and aerosol measurements from Melbourne, Australia. HONO levels are at a maximum in the middle of the day, which is unprecedented for an urban area, and these measurements provide evidence for the existence of a strong ground-based, daytime nitrogen oxide source.
Sandip S. Dhomse, Douglas Kinnison, Martyn P. Chipperfield, Ross J. Salawitch, Irene Cionni, Michaela I. Hegglin, N. Luke Abraham, Hideharu Akiyoshi, Alex T. Archibald, Ewa M. Bednarz, Slimane Bekki, Peter Braesicke, Neal Butchart, Martin Dameris, Makoto Deushi, Stacey Frith, Steven C. Hardiman, Birgit Hassler, Larry W. Horowitz, Rong-Ming Hu, Patrick Jöckel, Beatrice Josse, Oliver Kirner, Stefanie Kremser, Ulrike Langematz, Jared Lewis, Marion Marchand, Meiyun Lin, Eva Mancini, Virginie Marécal, Martine Michou, Olaf Morgenstern, Fiona M. O'Connor, Luke Oman, Giovanni Pitari, David A. Plummer, John A. Pyle, Laura E. Revell, Eugene Rozanov, Robyn Schofield, Andrea Stenke, Kane Stone, Kengo Sudo, Simone Tilmes, Daniele Visioni, Yousuke Yamashita, and Guang Zeng
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 8409–8438, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-8409-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-8409-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
We analyse simulations from the Chemistry-Climate Model Initiative (CCMI) to estimate the return dates of the stratospheric ozone layer from depletion by anthropogenic chlorine and bromine. The simulations from 20 models project that global column ozone will return to 1980 values in 2047 (uncertainty range 2042–2052). Return dates in other regions vary depending on factors related to climate change and importance of chlorine and bromine. Column ozone in the tropics may continue to decline.
Clara Orbe, Huang Yang, Darryn W. Waugh, Guang Zeng, Olaf Morgenstern, Douglas E. Kinnison, Jean-Francois Lamarque, Simone Tilmes, David A. Plummer, John F. Scinocca, Beatrice Josse, Virginie Marecal, Patrick Jöckel, Luke D. Oman, Susan E. Strahan, Makoto Deushi, Taichu Y. Tanaka, Kohei Yoshida, Hideharu Akiyoshi, Yousuke Yamashita, Andreas Stenke, Laura Revell, Timofei Sukhodolov, Eugene Rozanov, Giovanni Pitari, Daniele Visioni, Kane A. Stone, Robyn Schofield, and Antara Banerjee
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 7217–7235, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-7217-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-7217-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
In this study we compare a few atmospheric transport properties among several numerical models that are used to study the influence of atmospheric chemistry on climate. We show that there are large differences among models in terms of the timescales that connect the Northern Hemisphere midlatitudes, where greenhouse gases and ozone-depleting substances are emitted, to the Southern Hemisphere. Our results may have important implications for how models represent atmospheric composition.
Simone Dietmüller, Roland Eichinger, Hella Garny, Thomas Birner, Harald Boenisch, Giovanni Pitari, Eva Mancini, Daniele Visioni, Andrea Stenke, Laura Revell, Eugene Rozanov, David A. Plummer, John Scinocca, Patrick Jöckel, Luke Oman, Makoto Deushi, Shibata Kiyotaka, Douglas E. Kinnison, Rolando Garcia, Olaf Morgenstern, Guang Zeng, Kane Adam Stone, and Robyn Schofield
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 6699–6720, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-6699-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-6699-2018, 2018
Ashok K. Luhar, Matthew T. Woodhouse, and Ian E. Galbally
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 4329–4348, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-4329-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-4329-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Dry deposition at the Earth’s surface is an important sink of atmospheric ozone. A new parameterisation for ozone dry deposition to the ocean that accounts for relevant chemical and physical processes is developed and tested. It results in an ocean deposition loss that is only about a third of the current model estimates and corresponds to an increase of 5 % in the tropospheric ozone burden. This is important for tropospheric ozone budget, associated radiative forcing, and ozone mixing ratios.
Olaf Morgenstern, Kane A. Stone, Robyn Schofield, Hideharu Akiyoshi, Yousuke Yamashita, Douglas E. Kinnison, Rolando R. Garcia, Kengo Sudo, David A. Plummer, John Scinocca, Luke D. Oman, Michael E. Manyin, Guang Zeng, Eugene Rozanov, Andrea Stenke, Laura E. Revell, Giovanni Pitari, Eva Mancini, Glauco Di Genova, Daniele Visioni, Sandip S. Dhomse, and Martyn P. Chipperfield
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 1091–1114, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-1091-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-1091-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
We assess how ozone as simulated by a group of chemistry–climate models responds to variations in man-made climate gases and ozone-depleting substances. We find some agreement, particularly in the middle and upper stratosphere, but also considerable disagreement elsewhere. Such disagreement affects the reliability of future ozone projections based on these models, and also constitutes a source of uncertainty in climate projections using prescribed ozone derived from these simulations.
Jesse W. Greenslade, Simon P. Alexander, Robyn Schofield, Jenny A. Fisher, and Andrew K. Klekociuk
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 10269–10290, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-10269-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-10269-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
An analysis of data from ozonesondes released at three southern oceanic sites shows the impact of stratospheric ozone in this region. Using a novel method of transport classification, this work estimates the seasonality and quantity of stratospherically sourced ozone. We find that ozone is transported most frequently in summer due to regional-scale low-pressure weather systems. We also estimate a stratospheric ozone source of 2.0–3.3 Tg/year over three Southern Ocean regions.
Richard J. Millar, Zebedee R. Nicholls, Pierre Friedlingstein, and Myles R. Allen
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 7213–7228, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-7213-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-7213-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
Simple representations of the global coupled climate–carbon-cycle system are required for climate policy analysis. Existing models have often failed to capture important physical dependencies of the climate response to carbon dioxide emissions. In this paper we propose a simple but novel modification to impulse-response climate–carbon-cycle models to capture these physical dependencies. This simple model creates an important tool for both climate policy and climate science analysis.
Ashok K. Luhar, Ian E. Galbally, Matthew T. Woodhouse, and Marcus Thatcher
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 3749–3767, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-3749-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-3749-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
Dry deposition of tropospheric ozone relates to its destruction at the Earth’s surface. An improved model scheme for such deposition to the ocean is formulated backed up by field data. It results in the oceanic dry deposition of ozone to be 12 % of the global total, which is much lower than the current model estimate of about 30 %. This result has implications for modelling global tropospheric ozone budget and its radiative forcing, and ozone mixing ratios, especially in the Southern Hemisphere.
Olaf Morgenstern, Michaela I. Hegglin, Eugene Rozanov, Fiona M. O'Connor, N. Luke Abraham, Hideharu Akiyoshi, Alexander T. Archibald, Slimane Bekki, Neal Butchart, Martyn P. Chipperfield, Makoto Deushi, Sandip S. Dhomse, Rolando R. Garcia, Steven C. Hardiman, Larry W. Horowitz, Patrick Jöckel, Beatrice Josse, Douglas Kinnison, Meiyun Lin, Eva Mancini, Michael E. Manyin, Marion Marchand, Virginie Marécal, Martine Michou, Luke D. Oman, Giovanni Pitari, David A. Plummer, Laura E. Revell, David Saint-Martin, Robyn Schofield, Andrea Stenke, Kane Stone, Kengo Sudo, Taichu Y. Tanaka, Simone Tilmes, Yousuke Yamashita, Kohei Yoshida, and Guang Zeng
Geosci. Model Dev., 10, 639–671, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-10-639-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-10-639-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
We present a review of the make-up of 20 models participating in the Chemistry–Climate Model Initiative (CCMI). In comparison to earlier such activities, most of these models comprise a whole-atmosphere chemistry, and several of them include an interactive ocean module. This makes them suitable for studying the interactions of tropospheric air quality, stratospheric ozone, and climate. The paper lays the foundation for other studies using the CCMI simulations for scientific analysis.
Muhammad E. E. Hassim, W. W. Grabowski, and T. P. Lane
Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2016-402, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2016-402, 2016
Revised manuscript not accepted
Short summary
Short summary
Model simulations show that there is more surface rainfall, less shallow clouds below 3 km and more deep clouds above 9 km in pristine air conditions than in a polluted environment, contrary to previous studies. This is due to more efficient rain processes below the freezing level, enhanced ice growth above and the off-loading of precipitation that increases cloud buoyancy aloft. Our results demonstrate that microphysical effects dominate the aerosol impact on rainfall more than cloud dynamics.
Kane A. Stone, Olaf Morgenstern, David J. Karoly, Andrew R. Klekociuk, W. John French, N. Luke Abraham, and Robyn Schofield
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 2401–2415, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-2401-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-2401-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
This paper describes the set-up and evaluation of the Australian Community Climate and Earth System Simulator – chemistry-climate model.
Emphasis is placed on the Antarctic ozone hole, which is very important considering its role modulating Southern Hemisphere surface climate. While the model simulates the global distribution of ozone well, there is a disparity in the vertical location of springtime ozone depletion over Antarctica, highlighting important areas for future development.
Emphasis is placed on the Antarctic ozone hole, which is very important considering its role modulating Southern Hemisphere surface climate. While the model simulates the global distribution of ozone well, there is a disparity in the vertical location of springtime ozone depletion over Antarctica, highlighting important areas for future development.
R. S. Humphries, A. R. Klekociuk, R. Schofield, M. Keywood, J. Ward, and S. R. Wilson
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 2185–2206, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-2185-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-2185-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
This work represents the first observational study of atmospheric sub-micron aerosols in the East Antarctic pack ice region and found springtime aerosol concentrations were higher than any observed elsewhere in the Antarctic and Southern Ocean region. Further analysis suggested these aerosols formed in the Antarctic free troposphere. Their subsequent transport to the Southern Ocean, as suggest by trajectory analyses, could help to reduce the discrepancy in the radiative budget in the region.
E. W. Butt, A. Rap, A. Schmidt, C. E. Scott, K. J. Pringle, C. L. Reddington, N. A. D. Richards, M. T. Woodhouse, J. Ramirez-Villegas, H. Yang, V. Vakkari, E. A. Stone, M. Rupakheti, P. S. Praveen, P. G. van Zyl, J. P. Beukes, M. Josipovic, E. J. S. Mitchell, S. M. Sallu, P. M. Forster, and D. V. Spracklen
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 873–905, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-873-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-873-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
We estimate the impact of residential emissions (cooking and heating) on atmospheric aerosol, human health, and climate. We find large contributions to annual mean ambient PM2.5 in residential sources regions resulting in significant but uncertain global premature mortality when key uncertainties in emission flux are considered. We show that residential emissions exert an uncertain global radiative effect and suggest more work is needed to characterise residential emissions climate importance.
M. E. E. Hassim, T. P. Lane, and W. W. Grabowski
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 161–175, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-161-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-161-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Gravity waves from deep convection along with terrain and coastal effects control the development and movement of squall lines that affect the diurnal cycle of rainfall over New Guinea and its northern coast. Days with offshore propagating systems are governed by background conditions (more mid-tropospheric moisture, CAPE, and low-level convergence) as opposed to days without offshore propagation. Our results shed some light on the physics and dynamics of Maritime Continent organised convection
R. S. Humphries, R. Schofield, M. D. Keywood, J. Ward, J. R. Pierce, C. M. Gionfriddo, M. T. Tate, D. P. Krabbenhoft, I. E. Galbally, S. B. Molloy, A. R. Klekociuk, P. V. Johnston, K. Kreher, A. J. Thomas, A. D. Robinson, N. R. P. Harris, R. Johnson, and S. R. Wilson
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 13339–13364, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-13339-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-13339-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
An atmospheric new particle formation event that was observed in the pristine East Antarctic pack ice during a springtime voyage in 2012 is characterised in terms of formation and growth rates. Known nucleation mechanisms (e.g. those involving sulfate, iodine and organics) were unable to explain observations; however, correlations with total gaseous mercury were found, leading to the suggestion of a possible mercury-driven nucleation mechanism not previously described.
S. T. Turnock, D. V. Spracklen, K. S. Carslaw, G. W. Mann, M. T. Woodhouse, P. M. Forster, J. Haywood, C. E. Johnson, M. Dalvi, N. Bellouin, and A. Sanchez-Lorenzo
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 9477–9500, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-9477-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-9477-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
We evaluate HadGEM3-UKCA over Europe for the period 1960-2009 against observations of aerosol mass and number, aerosol optical depth (AOD) and surface solar radiation (SSR). The model underestimates aerosol mass and number but is less biased if compared to AOD and SSR. Observed trends in aerosols are well simulated by the model and necessary for reproducing the observed increase in SSR since 1990. European all-sky top of atmosphere aerosol radiative forcing increased by > 3 Wm-2 from 1970 to 2009.
W. Frey, R. Schofield, P. Hoor, D. Kunkel, F. Ravegnani, A. Ulanovsky, S. Viciani, F. D'Amato, and T. P. Lane
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 6467–6486, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-6467-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-6467-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
This study examines the simulated downward transport and mixing of stratospheric air into the upper tropical troposphere as observed on a research flight during the SCOUT-O3 campaign in connection with a deep convective system, using the WRF model. Passive tracers are initialised to study the impact of the deep convection on the tracers and water vapour. We use the model to explain the processes causing the transport and also expose areas of inconsistencies between the model and observations.
R. Schofield, L. M. Avallone, L. E. Kalnajs, A. Hertzog, I. Wohltmann, and M. Rex
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 2463–2472, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-2463-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-2463-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
Ozone measurements onboard three Concordiasi balloons flown in the stratosphere in
the Antarctic spring of 2010 are presented. These measurements are the first long-duration in situ measurements of Antarctic springtime stratospheric ozone. By matching air parcels, ozone loss rates where derived. Downwind of the Antarctic Peninsula, very large ozone losses of up to 230 ppb per day or 16 ppbv per sunlit hour were observed. These high rates are consistent with almost complete chlorine activation.
K. Stone, M. B. Tully, S. K. Rhodes, and R. Schofield
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 8, 1043–1053, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-8-1043-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-8-1043-2015, 2015
M. T. Woodhouse, G. W. Mann, K. S. Carslaw, and O. Boucher
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 2723–2733, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-2723-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-2723-2013, 2013
Related subject area
Subject: Aerosols | Research Activity: Atmospheric Modelling | Altitude Range: Troposphere | Science Focus: Physics (physical properties and processes)
Characteristics of surface energy balance and atmospheric circulation during hot-and-polluted episodes and their synergistic relationships with urban heat islands over the Pearl River Delta region
Influence of sea salt aerosols on the development of Mediterranean tropical-like cyclones
Quantification of uncertainties in the assessment of an atmospheric release source applied to the autumn 2017 106Ru event
Forecasting and identifying the meteorological and hydrological conditions favoring the occurrence of severe hazes in Beijing and Shanghai using deep learning
Improving prediction of trans-boundary biomass burning plume dispersion: from northern peninsular Southeast Asia to downwind western North Pacific Ocean
Decadal changes of connections among late-spring snow cover in West Siberia, summer Eurasia teleconnection and O3-related meteorology in North China
Better representation of dust can improve climate models with too weak an African monsoon
Reduced light absorption of black carbon (BC) and its influence on BC-boundary-layer interactions during “APEC Blue”
Present and future aerosol impacts on Arctic climate change in the GISS-E2.1 Earth system model
Evaluation of natural aerosols in CRESCENDO Earth system models (ESMs): mineral dust
On the contribution of fast and slow responses to precipitation changes caused by aerosol perturbations
Surface deposition of marine fog and its treatment in the WRF model
Global–regional nested simulation of particle number concentration by combing microphysical processes with an evolving organic aerosol module
Elevated 3D structures of PM2.5 and impact of complex terrain-forcing circulations on heavy haze pollution over Sichuan Basin, China
Improved representation of the global dust cycle using observational constraints on dust properties and abundance
Contribution of the world's main dust source regions to the global cycle of desert dust
Effect of volcanic emissions on clouds during the 2008 and 2018 Kilauea degassing events
Assessing the potential efficacy of marine cloud brightening for cooling Earth using a simple heuristic model
Wintertime direct radiative effects due to black carbon (BC) over the Indo-Gangetic Plain as modelled with new BC emission inventories in CHIMERE
Future changes in Beijing haze events under different anthropogenic aerosol emission scenarios
Present-day radiative effect from radiation-absorbing aerosols in snow
Seasonal variation in atmospheric pollutants transport in central Chile: dynamics and consequences
Non-equilibrium interplay between gas–particle partitioning and multiphase chemical reactions of semi-volatile compounds: mechanistic insights and practical implications for atmospheric modeling of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
Aerosol reductions outweigh circulation changes for future improvements in Beijing haze
Aerosol acidity and liquid water content regulate the dry deposition of inorganic reactive nitrogen
Enhanced light absorption and reduced snow albedo due to internally mixed mineral dust in grains of snow
Coral-reef-derived dimethyl sulfide and the climatic impact of the loss of coral reefs
How Asian aerosols impact regional surface temperatures across the globe
Aerosol dynamics and dispersion of radioactive particles
Development and intercity transferability of land-use regression models for predicting ambient PM10, PM2.5, NO2 and O3 concentrations in northern Taiwan
Constraints on global aerosol number concentration, SO2 and condensation sink in UKESM1 using ATom measurements
Turbulence-permitting air pollution simulation for the Stuttgart metropolitan area
The Response of the Amazon Ecosystem to the Photosynthetically Active Radiation Fields: Integrating Impacts of Biomass Burning Aerosol and Clouds in the NASA GEOS ESM
Temporally resolved sectoral and regional contributions to air pollution in Beijing: informing short-term emission controls
Drivers of the fungal spore bioaerosol budget: observational analysis and global modeling
Improving the sectional Model for Simulating Aerosol Interactions and Chemistry (MOSAIC) aerosols of the Weather Research and Forecasting-Chemistry (WRF-Chem) model with the revised Gridpoint Statistical Interpolation system and multi-wavelength aerosol optical measurements: the dust aerosol observation campaign at Kashi, near the Taklimakan Desert, northwestern China
A revised mineral dust emission scheme in GEOS-Chem: improvements in dust simulations over China
Quantifying the range of the dust direct radiative effect due to source mineralogy uncertainty
Technical note: The enhancement limit of coagulation scavenging of small charged particles
The effect of meteorological conditions and atmospheric composition in the occurrence and development of new particle formation (NPF) events in Europe
Effectiveness of emission control in reducing PM2.5 pollution in central China during winter haze episodes under various potential synoptic controls
Assessment of meteorology vs. control measures in the China fine particular matter trend from 2013 to 2019 by an environmental meteorology index
A global model perturbed parameter ensemble study of secondary organic aerosol formation
Assimilating aerosol optical properties related to size and absorption from POLDER/PARASOL with an ensemble data assimilation system
Changes in black carbon emissions over Europe due to COVID-19 lockdowns
Effects of marine organic aerosols as sources of immersion-mode ice-nucleating particles on high-latitude mixed-phase clouds
Insights into particulate matter pollution in the North China Plain during wintertime: local contribution or regional transport?
Factors controlling marine aerosol size distributions and their climate effects over the northwest Atlantic Ocean region
Mass accommodation and gas–particle partitioning in secondary organic aerosols: dependence on diffusivity, volatility, particle-phase reactions, and penetration depth
Evident PM2.5 drops in the east of China due to the COVID-19 quarantine measures in February
Ifeanyichukwu C. Nduka, Chi-Yung Tam, Jianping Guo, and Steve Hung Lam Yim
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 13443–13454, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-13443-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-13443-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
This study analyzed the nature, mechanisms and drivers for hot-and-polluted episodes (HPEs) in the Pearl River Delta, China. A total of eight HPEs were identified and can be grouped into three clusters of HPEs that were respectively driven (1) by weak subsidence and convection induced by approaching tropical cyclones, (2) by calm conditions with low wind speed in the lower atmosphere and (3) by the combination of both aforementioned conditions.
Enrique Pravia-Sarabia, Juan José Gómez-Navarro, Pedro Jiménez-Guerrero, and Juan Pedro Montávez
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 13353–13368, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-13353-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-13353-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Given the hazardous nature of medicanes, studies focused on understanding and quantifying the processes governing their formation have become paramount for present and future disaster risk reduction. Therefore, enhancing the modeling and forecasting capabilities of such events is of crucial importance. In this sense, the authors find that the microphysical processes, and specifically the wind--sea salt aerosol feedback, play a key role in their development and thus should not be neglected.
Joffrey Dumont Le Brazidec, Marc Bocquet, Olivier Saunier, and Yelva Roustan
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 13247–13267, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-13247-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-13247-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The assessment of the environmental consequences of a radionuclide release depends on the estimation of its source. This paper aims to develop inverse Bayesian methods which combine transport models with measurements, in order to reconstruct the ensemble of possible sources.
Three methods to quantify uncertainties based on the definition of probability distributions and the physical models are proposed and evaluated for the case of 106Ru releases over Europe in 2017.
Chien Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 13149–13166, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-13149-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-13149-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Haze caused by abundant atmospheric aerosols has become a serious environmental issue in many countries. An innovative deep-learning machine has been developed to forecast the occurrence of hazes in two Asian megacities (Beijing and Shanghai) and has achieved good overall accuracy. Using this machine, typical regional meteorological and hydrological regimes associated with haze and non-haze events in the two cities have also been, arguably for the first time, successfully categorized.
Maggie Chel-Gee Ooi, Ming-Tung Chuang, Joshua S. Fu, Steven S. Kong, Wei-Syun Huang, Sheng-Hsiang Wang, Sittichai Pimonsree, Andy Chan, Shantanu Kumar Pani, and Neng-Huei Lin
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 12521–12541, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-12521-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-12521-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
There is very limited local modeling effort in Southeast Asia, where haze is an annually recurring threat. In this work, the accuracy of haze prediction is improved not only at the burning source but also at the downwind site in northern Southeast Asia to highlight the influence of trans-boundary haze, which is often regional. The burning haze is carried to the populated west of Taiwan via several mechanisms, with the most severe conditions related to the boreal winter pressure system.
Zhicong Yin, Yu Wan, and Huijun Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 11519–11530, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-11519-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-11519-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Severe ozone pollution frequently occurred in North China and obviously damages human health and ecosystems. The meteorological conditions effectively affect the variations in ozone pollution by modulating the natural emissions of O3 precursors and photochemical reactions in the atmosphere. In this study, the interannual relationship between ozone-related meteorology and late-spring snow cover in West Siberia was explored, and the reasons of its decadal change were also physically explained.
Yves Balkanski, Rémy Bonnet, Olivier Boucher, Ramiro Checa-Garcia, and Jérôme Servonnat
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 11423–11435, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-11423-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-11423-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Earth system models have persistent biases that impinge on our ability to make robust future regional predictions of precipitation. For the last 15 years, there has been little improvement in these biases. This work presents an accurate representation of dust absorption based upon observed dust mineralogical composition and size distribution. The striking result is that this more accurate representation improves tropical precipitations for climate models with too weak an African monsoon.
Meng Gao, Yang Yang, Hong Liao, Bin Zhu, Yuxuan Zhang, Zirui Liu, Xiao Lu, Chen Wang, Qiming Zhou, Yuesi Wang, Qiang Zhang, Gregory R. Carmichael, and Jianlin Hu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 11405–11421, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-11405-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-11405-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Light absorption and radiative forcing of black carbon (BC) is influenced by both BC itself and its interactions with other aerosol chemical compositions. In this study, we used the online coupled WRF-Chem model to examine how emission control measures during the Asian-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) conference affect the mixing state and light absorption of BC and the associated implications for BC-PBL interactions.
Ulas Im, Kostas Tsigaridis, Gregory Faluvegi, Peter L. Langen, Joshua P. French, Rashed Mahmood, Manu A. Thomas, Knut von Salzen, Daniel C. Thomas, Cynthia H. Whaley, Zbigniew Klimont, Henrik Skov, and Jørgen Brandt
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 10413–10438, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-10413-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-10413-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Future (2015–2050) simulations of the aerosol burdens and their radiative forcing and climate impacts over the Arctic under various emission projections show that although the Arctic aerosol burdens are projected to decrease significantly by 10 to 60 %, regardless of the magnitude of aerosol reductions, surface air temperatures will continue to increase by 1.9–2.6 ℃, while sea-ice extent will continue to decrease, implying reductions of greenhouse gases are necessary to mitigate climate change.
Ramiro Checa-Garcia, Yves Balkanski, Samuel Albani, Tommi Bergman, Ken Carslaw, Anne Cozic, Chris Dearden, Beatrice Marticorena, Martine Michou, Twan van Noije, Pierre Nabat, Fiona M. O'Connor, Dirk Olivié, Joseph M. Prospero, Philippe Le Sager, Michael Schulz, and Catherine Scott
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 10295–10335, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-10295-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-10295-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Thousands of tons of dust are emitted into the atmosphere every year, producing important impacts on the Earth system. However, current global climate models are not yet able to reproduce dust emissions, transport and depositions with the desirable accuracy. Our study analyses five different Earth system models to report aspects to be improved to reproduce better available observations, increase the consistency between models and therefore decrease the current uncertainties.
Shipeng Zhang, Philip Stier, and Duncan Watson-Parris
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 10179–10197, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-10179-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-10179-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The relationship between aerosol-induced changes in atmospheric energetics and precipitation responses across different scales is studied in terms of fast (radiatively or microphysically mediated) and slow (temperature-mediated) responses. We introduced a method to decompose rainfall changes into contributions from clouds, aerosols, and clear–clean sky from an energetic perspective. It provides a way to better interpret and quantify the precipitation changes caused by aerosol perturbations.
Peter Allan Taylor, Zheqi Chen, Li Cheng, Soudeh Afsharian, Wensong Weng, George A. Isaac, Terry W. Bullock, and Yongsheng Chen
Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2021-344, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2021-344, 2021
Revised manuscript accepted for ACP
Short summary
Short summary
In marine fog, droplets will impact the water surface, collide and coalesce. This removal process is underestimated or ignored in many fog and weather forecast models. A new atmospheric boundary layer approach is proposed and tested in a standard weather forecast model (WRF). New profile measurements through marine fog layers are suggested.
Xueshun Chen, Fangqun Yu, Wenyi Yang, Yele Sun, Huansheng Chen, Wei Du, Jian Zhao, Ying Wei, Lianfang Wei, Huiyun Du, Zhe Wang, Qizhong Wu, Jie Li, Junling An, and Zifa Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 9343–9366, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-9343-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-9343-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Atmospheric aerosol particles have significant climate and health effects that depend on aerosol size, composition, and mixing state. A new global-regional nested aerosol model with an advanced particle microphysics module and a volatility basis set organic aerosol module was developed to simulate aerosol microphysical processes. Simulations strongly suggest the important role of anthropogenic organic species in particle formation over the areas influenced by anthropogenic sources.
Zhuozhi Shu, Yubao Liu, Tianliang Zhao, Junrong Xia, Chenggang Wang, Le Cao, Haoliang Wang, Lei Zhang, Yu Zheng, Lijuan Shen, Lei Luo, and Yueqing Li
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 9253–9268, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-9253-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-9253-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Focusing on a heavy haze pollution event in the Sichuan Basin (SCB), we investigated the elevated 3D structure of PM2.5 and trans-boundary transport with the WRF-Chem simulation. It is remarkable for vertical PM2.5 that the unique hollows were structured, which which occurred by the interaction of vortex circulations and topographic effects. The SCB was regarded as the major air pollutant source with the trans-boundary transport of PM2.5 affecting atmospheric environment changes.
Jasper F. Kok, Adeyemi A. Adebiyi, Samuel Albani, Yves Balkanski, Ramiro Checa-Garcia, Mian Chin, Peter R. Colarco, Douglas S. Hamilton, Yue Huang, Akinori Ito, Martina Klose, Danny M. Leung, Longlei Li, Natalie M. Mahowald, Ron L. Miller, Vincenzo Obiso, Carlos Pérez García-Pando, Adriana Rocha-Lima, Jessica S. Wan, and Chloe A. Whicker
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 8127–8167, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-8127-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-8127-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Desert dust interacts with virtually every component of the Earth system, including the climate system. We develop a new methodology to represent the global dust cycle that integrates observational constraints on the properties and abundance of desert dust with global atmospheric model simulations. We show that the resulting representation of the global dust cycle is more accurate than what can be obtained from a large number of current climate global atmospheric models.
Jasper F. Kok, Adeyemi A. Adebiyi, Samuel Albani, Yves Balkanski, Ramiro Checa-Garcia, Mian Chin, Peter R. Colarco, Douglas S. Hamilton, Yue Huang, Akinori Ito, Martina Klose, Longlei Li, Natalie M. Mahowald, Ron L. Miller, Vincenzo Obiso, Carlos Pérez García-Pando, Adriana Rocha-Lima, and Jessica S. Wan
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 8169–8193, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-8169-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-8169-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The many impacts of dust on the Earth system depend on dust mineralogy, which varies between dust source regions. We constrain the contribution of the world’s main dust source regions by integrating dust observations with global model simulations. We find that Asian dust contributes more and that North African dust contributes less than models account for. We obtain a dataset of each source region’s contribution to the dust cycle that can be used to constrain dust impacts on the Earth system.
Katherine H. Breen, Donifan Barahona, Tianle Yuan, Huisheng Bian, and Scott C. James
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 7749–7771, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-7749-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-7749-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Increases in atmospheric aerosols affect the scattering and absorption of solar radiation by altering the macrophysical and microphysical processes of clouds. We analyzed aerosol–cloud interactions in response to degassing events from the Kilauea volcano in 2008 and 2018 by comparing satellite and simulated cloud properties. Results showed a threshold response to overcome meteorological effects that is largely controlled by aerosol concentration, composition, plume height, and ENSO state.
Robert Wood
Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2021-327, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2021-327, 2021
Revised manuscript accepted for ACP
Short summary
Short summary
A simple model is described to assess the potential for increasing solar reflection by augmenting the aerosol population below marine low clouds, which increases the concentration of cloud droplets. The model is used to predict global cooling from marine cloud brightening climate intervention as a function of the quantity, size, and lifetime of salt particles injected per sprayer, the number of sprayers deployed, the cloud updraft speed and unperturbed aerosol size distribution.
Sanhita Ghosh, Shubha Verma, Jayanarayanan Kuttippurath, and Laurent Menut
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 7671–7694, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-7671-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-7671-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Wintertime direct radiative perturbation due to black carbon (BC) aerosols was assessed over the Indo-Gangetic Plain with an efficiently modelled BC distribution. The atmospheric radiative warming due to BC was about 50–70 % larger than surface cooling. Compared to the atmosphere without BC, for which a net cooling at the top of the atmosphere was exhibited, enhanced atmospheric radiative warming by 2–3 times and a reduction in surface cooling by 10–20 % were found due to BC.
Lixia Zhang, Laura J. Wilcox, Nick J. Dunstone, David J. Paynter, Shuai Hu, Massimo Bollasina, Donghuan Li, Jonathan K. P. Shonk, and Liwei Zou
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 7499–7514, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-7499-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-7499-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The projected frequency of circulation patterns associated with haze events and global warming increases significantly due to weakening of the East Asian winter monsoon. Rapid reduction in anthropogenic aerosol further increases the frequency of circulation patterns, but haze events are less dangerous. We revealed competing effects of aerosol emission reductions on future haze events through their direct contribution to haze intensity and their influence on the atmospheric circulation patterns.
Paolo Tuccella, Giovanni Pitari, Valentina Colaiuda, Edoardo Raparelli, and Gabriele Curci
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 6875–6893, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-6875-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-6875-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We calculate the radiation-absorbing aerosol quantity in snow with a global chemical and transport atmospheric model, validated with global observations. The perturbation to snow albedo and related climatic impact are assessed. The resulting average radiative flux change in snow is 0.068 W m−2. Black carbon is a major contributor (+0.033 W m−2), followed by dust (+0.012 W m−2) and brown carbon (+0.0066 W m−2). The impact is also characterized by significant seasonal and geographical variability.
Rémy Lapere, Laurent Menut, Sylvain Mailler, and Nicolás Huneeus
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 6431–6454, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-6431-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-6431-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Based on modeling, the transport dynamics of ozone and fine particles in central Chile are investigated. Santiago emissions are found to influence air quality along a 1000 km plume as far as Argentina and northern Chile. In turn, emissions outside the metropolis contribute significantly to its recorded particles concentration. Emissions of precursors from Santiago are found to lead to the formation of a persistent ozone bubble in altitude, a phenomenon which is described for the first time.
Jake Wilson, Ulrich Pöschl, Manabu Shiraiwa, and Thomas Berkemeier
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 6175–6198, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-6175-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-6175-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
This work explores the gas–particle partitioning of PAHs on soot with a kinetic model. We show that the equilibration timescale depends on PAH molecular structure, temperature, and particle number concentration. We explore scenarios in which the particulate fraction is perturbed from equilibrium by chemical loss and discuss implications for chemical transport models that assume instantaneous equilibration at each model time step.
Liang Guo, Laura J. Wilcox, Massimo Bollasina, Steven T. Turnock, Marianne T. Lund, and Lixia Zhang
Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2021-198, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2021-198, 2021
Preprint under review for ACP
Short summary
Short summary
Severe haze remains serious over Beijing despite of emissions decrease since 2008. Future haze changes in four scenarios are studied. The conducive haze weather pattern increases with the atmospheric warning caused by the accumulating greenhouse gases. However, the actual haze intensity, measured by either PM2.5 or the optical depth, decreases with aerosol emissions. We show that only using the weather pattern index to predict the future change of Beijing haze is insufficient.
Athanasios Nenes, Spyros N. Pandis, Maria Kanakidou, Armistead G. Russell, Shaojie Song, Petros Vasilakos, and Rodney J. Weber
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 6023–6033, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-6023-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-6023-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Ecosystems and air quality are affected by the dry deposition of inorganic reactive nitrogen (Nr, the sum of ammonium and nitrate). Its large variability is driven by the large difference in deposition velocity of N when in the gas or particle phase. Here we show that aerosol liquid water and acidity, by affecting gas–particle partitioning, modulate the dry deposition velocity of NH3, HNO3, and Nr worldwide. These effects explain the rapid accumulation of nitrate aerosol during haze events.
Tenglong Shi, Jiecan Cui, Yang Chen, Yue Zhou, Wei Pu, Xuanye Xu, Quanliang Chen, Xuelei Zhang, and Xin Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 6035–6051, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-6035-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-6035-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We assess the effect of dust external and internal mixing with snow grains on the absorption coefficient and albedo of snowpack. The results suggest that dust–snow internal mixing strongly enhances snow absorption coefficient and albedo reduction relative to external mixing. Meanwhile, the possible non-uniform distribution of dust in snow grains may lead to significantly different values of absorption coefficient and albedo of snowpack in the visible spectral range.
Sonya L. Fiddes, Matthew T. Woodhouse, Todd P. Lane, and Robyn Schofield
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 5883–5903, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-5883-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-5883-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Coral reefs are known to produce the aerosol precursor dimethyl sulfide (DMS). Currently, this source of coral DMS is unaccounted for in climate modelling, and the impact of coral reef extinction on aerosol and climate is unknown. In this study, we address this problem using a coupled chemistry–climate model for the first time. We find that coral reefs make a minimal contribution to the aerosol population and are unlikely to play a role in climate modulation.
Joonas Merikanto, Kalle Nordling, Petri Räisänen, Jouni Räisänen, Declan O'Donnell, Antti-Ilari Partanen, and Hannele Korhonen
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 5865–5881, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-5865-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-5865-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Human-induced aerosols concentrate around their emission sources, yet their climate effects span far and wide. Here, we use two climate models to robustly identify the mechanisms of how Asian anthropogenic aerosols impact temperatures across the globe. A total removal of Asian anthropogenic aerosols increases the global temperatures by 0.26 ± 0.04 °C in the models, with the strongest warming taking place over the Arctic due to increased atmospheric transport of energy towards the high north.
Pontus von Schoenberg, Peter Tunved, Håkan Grahn, Alfred Wiedensohler, Radovan Krejci, and Niklas Brännström
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 5173–5193, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-5173-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-5173-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
In a radiological emergency preparedness system, Lagrangian particle dispersion models are often used to track the dispersion of radioactive material. In this study we have shown the importance of simulating advanced aerosol dynamic processes that are commonly neglected or simplified in these simulations. We show that inclusion of detailed ambient-aerosol dynamics can play a large role in the model result in simulations adopting a more detailed representation of aerosol–cloud interactions.
Zhiyuan Li, Kin-Fai Ho, Hsiao-Chi Chuang, and Steve Hung Lam Yim
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 5063–5078, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-5063-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-5063-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
This study established land-use regression (LUR) models using only routine air quality measurement data to support long-term health studies in an Asian metropolitan area. The established LUR models captured the spatial variability in exposure to air pollution with remarkable predictive accuracy. This is the first Asian study to evaluate intercity transferability of LUR models, and it highlights that there exist uncertainties when transferring LUR models between nearby cities.
Ananth Ranjithkumar, Hamish Gordon, Christina Williamson, Andrew Rollins, Kirsty Pringle, Agnieszka Kupc, Nathan Luke Abraham, Charles Brock, and Ken Carslaw
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 4979–5014, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-4979-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-4979-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The effect aerosols have on climate can be better understood by studying their vertical and spatial distribution throughout the atmosphere. We use observation data from the ATom campaign and evaluate the vertical profile of aerosol number concentration, sulfur dioxide and condensation sink using the UKESM (UK Earth System Model). We identify uncertainties in key atmospheric processes that help improve their theoretical representation in global climate models.
Thomas Schwitalla, Hans-Stefan Bauer, Kirsten Warrach-Sagi, Thomas Bönisch, and Volker Wulfmeyer
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 4575–4597, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-4575-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-4575-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
A prototype of an air quality forecasting system (AQFS) on a turbulence-permitting (TP) horizontal resolution of 50 m is developed. AQFS is based on the WRF-Chem model and uses high-resolution emission data from different pollution sources. A simulation case study of a typical winter day in south Germany serves as a test bed. Results indicate that the complex topography plays an important role for the horizontal and vertical pollution distribution over the Stuttgart metropolitan area.
Huisheng Bian, Eunjee Lee, Randal D. Koster, Donifan Barahona, Mian Chin, Peter R. Colarco, Anton Darmenov, Sarith Mahanama, Michael Manyin, Peter Norris, John Shilling, Hongbin Yu, and Fanwei Zeng
Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2021-138, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2021-138, 2021
Revised manuscript accepted for ACP
Short summary
Short summary
The study using the NASA Earth System Model shows ~2.6 % increase of burning season gross
primary production and ~1.5 % increase of annual net primary production across the Amazon
Basin during 2010–2016 due to the change of surface downward direct and diffuse
photosynthetically active radiation by biomass burning aerosols. Such aerosol effect is strongly
dependent on the presence of clouds. The cloud fraction at which aerosols switch from
stimulating to inhibiting plant growth occurs at ~0.8.
primary production and ~1.5 % increase of annual net primary production across the Amazon
Basin during 2010–2016 due to the change of surface downward direct and diffuse
photosynthetically active radiation by biomass burning aerosols. Such aerosol effect is strongly
dependent on the presence of clouds. The cloud fraction at which aerosols switch from
stimulating to inhibiting plant growth occurs at ~0.8.
Tabish Umar Ansari, Oliver Wild, Edmund Ryan, Ying Chen, Jie Li, and Zifa Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 4471–4485, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-4471-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-4471-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We use novel modelling approaches to quantify the lingering effects of 1 d local and regional emission controls on subsequent days, the effects of longer continuous emission controls of individual sectors over different regions, and the effects of combined emission controls of multiple sectors and regions on air quality in Beijing under varying weather conditions to inform precise short-term emission control policies for avoiding heavy haze pollution in Beijing.
Ruud H. H. Janssen, Colette L. Heald, Allison L. Steiner, Anne E. Perring, J. Alex Huffman, Ellis S. Robinson, Cynthia H. Twohy, and Luke D. Ziemba
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 4381–4401, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-4381-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-4381-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Bioaerosols are ubiquitous in the atmosphere and have the potential to affect cloud formation, as well as human and ecosystem health. However, their emissions are not well quantified, which hinders the assessment of their role in atmospheric processes. Here, we develop two new emission schemes for fungal spores based on multi-annual datasets of spore counts. We find that our modeled global emissions and burden are an order of magnitude lower than previous estimates.
Wenyuan Chang, Ying Zhang, Zhengqiang Li, Jie Chen, and Kaitao Li
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 4403–4430, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-4403-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-4403-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Aerosol simulation in WRF-Chem often uses the MOSAIC aerosol mechanism. Still, we need variational data assimilation (DA) for the MOSAIC aerosols to blend aerosol optical measurements. This study provides a developed GSI variational DA system, with a tangent linear operator designed for multi-source and multi-wavelength aerosol optical measurements. We successfully applied the DA system in an aerosol field campaign to assimilate aerosol optical data in northwestern China.
Rong Tian, Xiaoyan Ma, and Jianqi Zhao
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 4319–4337, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-4319-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-4319-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We improve the treatment of the dust emission process in GEOS-Chem by considering the effect of geographical variation of aerodynamic roughness length, smooth roughness length and soil texture, as well as the Owen effect and a more physically based formulation of sandblasting efficiency, which improve estimated threshold friction velocity and dust concentrations over China. Our study highlights the importance of incorporation of realistic land-surface properties into the dust emission scheme.
Longlei Li, Natalie M. Mahowald, Ron L. Miller, Carlos Pérez García-Pando, Martina Klose, Douglas S. Hamilton, Maria Gonçalves Ageitos, Paul Ginoux, Yves Balkanski, Robert O. Green, Olga Kalashnikova, Jasper F. Kok, Vincenzo Obiso, David Paynter, and David R. Thompson
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 3973–4005, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-3973-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-3973-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
For the first time, this study quantifies the range of the dust direct radiative effect due to uncertainty in the soil mineral abundance using all currently available information. We show that the majority of the estimated direct radiative effect range is due to uncertainty in the simulated mass fractions of iron oxides and thus their soil abundance, which is independent of the model employed. We therefore prove the necessity of considering mineralogy for understanding dust–climate interactions.
Naser G. A. Mahfouz and Neil M. Donahue
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 3827–3832, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-3827-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-3827-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
In this technical note, we show that the limit of the coagulation scavenging enhancement of charged particles is asymptotically 2; that is, at the limit, charged particles are lost at twice the rate of their neutral counterparts. This has serious implications for aerosol particle survivability where ions play a role in nucleation and growth. Such cases can happen readily in experiments and cannot be neglected in the atmosphere.
Dimitrios Bousiotis, James Brean, Francis D. Pope, Manuel Dall'Osto, Xavier Querol, Andrés Alastuey, Noemi Perez, Tuukka Petäjä, Andreas Massling, Jacob Klenø Nøjgaard, Claus Nordstrøm, Giorgos Kouvarakis, Stergios Vratolis, Konstantinos Eleftheriadis, Jarkko V. Niemi, Harri Portin, Alfred Wiedensohler, Kay Weinhold, Maik Merkel, Thomas Tuch, and Roy M. Harrison
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 3345–3370, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-3345-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-3345-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
New particle formation events from 16 sites over Europe have been studied, and the influence of meteorological and atmospheric composition variables has been investigated. Some variables, like solar radiation intensity and temperature, have a positive effect on the occurrence of these events, while others have a negative effect, affecting different aspects such as the rate at which particles are formed or grow. This effect varies depending on the site type and magnitude of these variables.
Yingying Yan, Yue Zhou, Shaofei Kong, Jintai Lin, Jian Wu, Huang Zheng, Zexuan Zhang, Aili Song, Yongqing Bai, Zhang Ling, Dantong Liu, and Tianliang Zhao
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 3143–3162, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-3143-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-3143-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We analyze the effectiveness of emission reduction for local and upwind regions during winter haze episodes controlled by the main potential synoptic patterns over central China, a regional pollutant transport hub with sub-basin topography. Our results provide an opportunity to effectively mitigate haze pollution via local emission control actions in coordination with regional collaborative actions according to different synoptic patterns.
Sunling Gong, Hongli Liu, Bihui Zhang, Jianjun He, Hengde Zhang, Yaqiang Wang, Shuxiao Wang, Lei Zhang, and Jie Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 2999–3013, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-2999-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-2999-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Surface concentrations of PM2.5 in China have had a declining trend since 2013 across the country. This research found that the control measures of emission reduction are the dominant factors in the PM2.5 declining trends in various regions. The contribution by the meteorology to the surface PM2.5 concentrations from 2013 to 2019 was not found to show a consistent trend, fluctuating positively or negatively by about 5% on the annual average and 10–20% for the fall–winter heavy-pollution seasons.
Kamalika Sengupta, Kirsty Pringle, Jill S. Johnson, Carly Reddington, Jo Browse, Catherine E. Scott, and Ken Carslaw
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 2693–2723, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-2693-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-2693-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Global models consistently underestimate atmospheric secondary organic aerosol (SOA), which has significant climatic implications. We use a perturbed parameter model ensemble and ground-based observations to reduce the uncertainty in modelling SOA formation from oxidation of volatile organic compounds. We identify plausible parameter spaces for the yields of extremely low-volatility, low-volatility, and semi-volatile organic compounds based on model–observation match for three key model outputs.
Athanasios Tsikerdekis, Nick A. J. Schutgens, and Otto P. Hasekamp
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 2637–2674, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-2637-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-2637-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Accurate representation of aerosols in the atmosphere is hard to achieve due to their complex microphysical and optical properties and uncertain emissions. In our work, we employ a data assimilation method which integrates model simulations with satellite observation related to the amount, size and the light absorption of aerosol. The use of these observations in an experiment improves aerosol representation and it is recommended for utilization in future data assimilation practices.
Nikolaos Evangeliou, Stephen M. Platt, Sabine Eckhardt, Cathrine Lund Myhre, Paolo Laj, Lucas Alados-Arboledas, John Backman, Benjamin T. Brem, Markus Fiebig, Harald Flentje, Angela Marinoni, Marco Pandolfi, Jesus Yus-Dìez, Natalia Prats, Jean P. Putaud, Karine Sellegri, Mar Sorribas, Konstantinos Eleftheriadis, Stergios Vratolis, Alfred Wiedensohler, and Andreas Stohl
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 2675–2692, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-2675-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-2675-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Following the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 to Europe, social distancing rules were introduced to prevent further spread. We investigate the impacts of the European lockdowns on black carbon (BC) emissions by means of in situ observations and inverse modelling. BC emissions declined by 23 kt in Europe during the lockdowns as compared with previous years and by 11 % as compared to the period prior to lockdowns. Residential combustion prevailed in Eastern Europe, as confirmed by remote sensing data.
Xi Zhao, Xiaohong Liu, Susannah M. Burrows, and Yang Shi
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 2305–2327, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-2305-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-2305-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Organic sea spray particles influence aerosol and cloud processes over the ocean. This study introduces the emission, cloud droplet activation, and ice nucleation (IN) of marine organic aerosol (MOA) into the Community Earth System Model. Our results indicate that MOA IN particles dominate primary ice nucleation below 400 hPa over the Southern Ocean and Arctic boundary layer. MOA enhances cloud forcing over the Southern Ocean in the austral winter and summer.
Jiarui Wu, Naifang Bei, Yuan Wang, Xia Li, Suixin Liu, Lang Liu, Ruonan Wang, Jiaoyang Yu, Tianhao Le, Min Zuo, Zhenxing Shen, Junji Cao, Xuexi Tie, and Guohui Li
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 2229–2249, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-2229-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-2229-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
A source-oriented version of the WRF-Chem model is developed to conduct source identification of wintertime PM2.5 in the North China Plain. Trans-boundary transport of air pollutants generally dominates the haze pollution in Beijing and Tianjin. The air quality in Hebei, Shandong, and Shanxi is generally controlled by local emissions. Primary aerosol species, such as EC and POA, are generally controlled by local emissions, while secondary aerosol shows evident regional characteristics.
Betty Croft, Randall V. Martin, Richard H. Moore, Luke D. Ziemba, Ewan C. Crosbie, Hongyu Liu, Lynn M. Russell, Georges Saliba, Armin Wisthaler, Markus Müller, Arne Schiller, Martí Galí, Rachel Y.-W. Chang, Erin E. McDuffie, Kelsey R. Bilsback, and Jeffrey R. Pierce
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 1889–1916, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-1889-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-1889-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
North Atlantic Aerosols and Marine Ecosystems Study measurements combined with GEOS-Chem-TOMAS modeling suggest that several not-well-understood key factors control northwest Atlantic aerosol number and size. These synergetic and climate-relevant factors include particle formation near and above the marine boundary layer top, particle growth by marine secondary organic aerosol on descent, particle formation/growth related to dimethyl sulfide, sea spray aerosol, and ship emissions.
Manabu Shiraiwa and Ulrich Pöschl
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 1565–1580, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-1565-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-1565-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Mass accommodation is a crucial process in secondary organic aerosol partitioning that depends on volatility, diffusivity, reactivity, and particle penetration depth of the chemical species involved. For efficient kinetic modeling, we introduce an effective mass accommodation coefficient that accounts for the above influencing factors, can be applied in the common Fuchs–Sutugin approximation, and helps to resolve inconsistencies and shortcomings of earlier experimental and model investigations.
Zhicong Yin, Yijia Zhang, Huijun Wang, and Yuyan Li
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 1581–1592, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-1581-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-1581-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
It is a must to disentangle the contributions of stable meteorology from the effects of the COVID-19 lockdown. A 59 % decline in PM2.5 related to the COVID-19 pandemic was found in North China. The COVID-19 quarantine measures decreased the PM2.5 in the Yangtze River Delta by 72 %. In Hubei Province where most pneumonia cases were confirmed, the impact of the total emission reduction (72 %) evidently exceeded the rising percentage of PM2.5 driven by meteorology (13 %).
Cited articles
Abraham, N. L., Archibald, A. T., Bellouin, N., Boucher, O., Braesicke, P.,
Bushell, A., Carslaw, K., Collins, B., Dalvi, M., Emmerson, K., Folberth, G.,
Haywood, J., Johnson, C., Kipling, Z., Macintyre, H., Mann, G., Telford, P.,
Merikanto, J., Morgenstern, O., Connor, F. O., Ord, C., Osprey, S., Pringle,
K., Pyle, J., Rae, J., Reddington, C., Savage, N., Spracklen, D., Stier, P.,
and West, R.: Unified Model Documentation Paper No. 84: United Kingdom
Chemistry and Aerosol (UKCA) Technical Description MetUM Version 8.4, Tech.
rep., UK Met Office, 2012. a, b
Ackerman, A. S., Kirkpatrick, M. P., Stevens, D. E., and Toon, O. B.: The
impact of humidity above stratiform clouds on indirect aerosol climate
forcing, Nature, 432, 1014–1017, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature03174,
2004. a
Albrecht, B. A.: Aerosols, cloud microphysics, and fractional cloudiness,
Science, 245, 1227–1230, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.245.4923.1227, 1989. a, b
Anderson, T. R., Spall, S. A., Yool, A., Cipollini, P., Challenor, P. G., and
Fasham, M. J.: Global fields of sea surface dimethylsulfide predicted from
chlorophyll, nutrients and light, J. Marine Syst., 30, 1–20,
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0924-7963(01)00028-8, 2001. a
Ayers, G. P. and Cainey, J. M.: The CLAW hypothesis: A review of the major
developments, Environ. Chem., 4, 366–374, https://doi.org/10.1071/EN07080, 2007. a
Bell, T. G., Landwehr, S., Miller, S. D., de Bruyn, W. J., Callaghan, A. H.,
Scanlon, B., Ward, B., Yang, M., and Saltzman, E. S.: Estimation of
bubble-mediated air–sea gas exchange from concurrent DMS and CO2
transfer velocities at intermediate–high wind speeds, Atmos. Chem. Phys.,
17, 9019–9033, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-9019-2017, 2017. a, b
Bellouin, N., Mann, G. W., Woodhouse, M. T., Johnson, C., Carslaw, K. S., and
Dalvi, M.: Impact of the modal aerosol scheme GLOMAP-mode on aerosol forcing
in the Hadley Centre Global Environmental Model, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13,
3027–3044, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-3027-2013, 2013. a
Belviso, S., Bopp, L., Moulin, C., Orr, J. C., Anderson, T. R., Aumont, O.,
Chu, S., Elliott, S., Maltrud, M. E., and Simó, R.: Comparison of
global climatological maps of sea surface dimethyl sulfide, Global
Biogeochem. Cy., 18, GB3013, https://doi.org/10.1029/2003GB002193,
2004a. a
Belviso, S., Moulin, C., Bopp, L., and Stefels, J.: Assessment of a global
climatology of oceanic dimethylsulfide (DMS) concentration based on SeaWiFS
imagery (1998–2001), Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci., 61, 804–816,
https://doi.org/10.1139/F04-001, 2004b. a
Bi, D., Dix, M., Marsland, S. J., O'Farrell, S., Rashid, H. A., Uotila, P.,
Hirst, A. C., Kowalczyk, E., Golebiewski, M., Sullivan, A., Yan, H., Hannah,
N., Franklin, C., Sun, Z., Vohralik, P., Watterson, I., Zhou, X., Fiedler,
R., Collier, M., Ma, Y., Noonan, J., Stevens, L., Uhe, P., Zhu, H., Griffies,
S. M., Hill, R., Harris, C., and Puri, K.: The ACCESS coupled model:
description, control climate and evaluation, Aust. Meteorol. Ocean., 63,
41–64, 2013. a
Bodas-Salcedo, A., Williams, K. D., Ringer, M. A., Beau, I., Cole, J. N. S.,
Dufresne, J. L., Koshiro, T., Stevens, B., Wang, Z., and Yokohata, T.:
Origins of the solar radiation biases over the Southern Ocean in CFMIP2
models, J. Climate, 27, 41–56, https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-13-00169.1, 2014. a, b, c
Bodas-Salcedo, A., Hill, P. G., Furtado, K., Williams, K. D., Field, P. R.,
Manners, J. C., Hyder, P., and Kato, S.: Large contribution of supercooled
liquid clouds to the solar radiation budget of the Southern Ocean, J.
Climate, 29, 4213–4228, https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-15-0564.1, 2016. a, b
Bony, S. and Dufresne, J. L.: Marine boundary layer clouds at the heart of
tropical cloud feedback uncertainties in climate models, Geophys. Res.
Lett., 32, 1–4, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005GL023851, 2005. a, b
Bopp, L., Boucher, O., Aumont, O., Belviso, S., Dufresne, J.-L., Pham, M.,
and
Monfray, P.: Will marine dimethylsulfide emissions amplify or alleviate
global warming? A model study, Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci., 61, 826–835,
https://doi.org/10.1139/f04-045, 2004. a, b
Boucher, O. and Reddy, M. S.: Climate trade-off between black carbon and
carbon dioxide emissions, Energ. Policy, 36, 193–200,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2007.08.039, 2008. a
Cameron-Smith, P., Elliott, S., Maltrud, M., Erickson, D., and Wingenter, O.:
Changes in dimethyl sulfide oceanic distribution due to climate change,
Geophys. Res. Lett., 38, 1–5, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011GL047069, 2011. a, b
Carslaw, K. S., Lee, L. A., Reddington, C. L., Pringle, K. J., Rap, A.,
Forster, P. M., Mann, G. W., Spracklen, D. V., Woodhouse, M. T., Regayre,
L. A., and Pierce, J. R.: Large contribution of natural aerosols to
uncertainty in indirect forcing, Nature, 503, 67–71,
https://doi.org/10.1038/nature12674,
2013. a, b, c
Charlson, R. J., Lovelock, J. E., Andreae, M. O., and Warren, S. G.: Oceanic
phytoplankton, atmospheric sulphur, cloud albedo and climate, Nature, 326,
655–661, https://doi.org/10.1038/326655a0, 1987. a, b
Chepfer, H., Bony, S., Winker, D., Cesana, G., Dufresne, J. L., Minnis, P.,
Stubenrauch, C. J., and Zeng, S.: The GCM-oriented CALIPSO cloud product
(CALIPSO-GOCCP), J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 115, 1–13,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2009JD012251, 2010. a, b
Dee, D. P., Uppala, S. M., Simmons, A. J., Berrisford, P., Poli, P.,
Kobayashi,
S., Andrae, U., Balmaseda, M. A., Balsamo, G., Bauer, P., Bechtold, P.,
Beljaars, A. C. M., van de Berg, L., Bidlot, J., Bormann, N., Delsol, C.,
Dragani, R., Fuentes, M., Geer, A. J., Haimberger, L., Healy, S. B.,
Hersbach, H., Hólm, E. V., Isaksen, L., Kållberg, P., Köhler,
M., Matricardi, M., Mcnally, A. P., Monge-Sanz, B. M., Morcrette, J. J.,
Park, B. K., Peubey, C., de Rosnay, P., Tavolato, C., Thépaut, J. N.,
and Vitart, F.: The ERA-Interim reanalysis: Configuration and performance of
the data assimilation system, Q. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 137, 553–597,
https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.828, 2011. a
Elliott, S.: Dependence of DMS global sea-air flux distribution on transfer
velocity and concentration field type, J. Geophys. Res.-Biogeo., 114, 1–18,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2008JG000710, 2009. a, b, c
Fiddes, S.: Effects of dimethyl sulfide pertubations in ACCESS-UKCA climate
simulations v1.0, NCI National Research Data Collection, https://doi.org/10.4225/41/5b35c03d52de9, 2018. a
Flato, G., Marotzke, J., Abiodun, B., Braconnot, P., Chou, S., Collins, W.,
Cox, P., Driouech, F., Emori, S., Eyring, V., Forest, C., Gleckler, P.,
Guilyardi, E., Jakob, C., Kattsov, V., Reason, C., and Rummukainen, M.:
Evaluation of Climate Models, in: Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science
Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, edited by: Stocker, T., Qin, D.,
Plattner, G.-K., Tignor, M., Allen, S., Boschung, J., Nauels, A., Xia, Y.,
Bex, V., and Midgley, P., Cambridge University Press,
Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA, 741–866,
https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781107415324, 2013. a
Gabric, A. J., Simó, R., Cropp, R. A., Hirst, A. C., and Dachs, J.:
Modeling estimates of the global emission of dimethylsulfide under enhanced
greenhouse conditions, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 18, GB2014,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2003GB002183, 2004. a, b
Gali, M., Devred, E., Levasseur, M., Royer, S. J., and Babin, M.: A remote
sensing algorithm for planktonic dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) and an
analysis of global patterns, Remote Sens. Environ., 171, 171–184,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2015.10.012,
2015. a
Halloran, P. R., Bell, T. G., and Totterdell, I. J.: Can we trust empirical
marine DMS parameterisations within projections of future climate?,
Biogeosciences, 7, 1645–1656, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-7-1645-2010, 2010. a
Hopkins, F. E., Bell, T. G., Yang, M., Suggett, D. J., and Steinke, M.: Air
exposure of coral is a significant source of dimethylsulfide (DMS) to the
atmosphere, Sci. Rep.-UK, 6, 36031, https://doi.org/10.1038/srep36031, 2016. a, b
Hopkins, F. E., Nightingale, P. D., Stephens, J. A., Moore, C. M., Richier,
S., Cripps, G. L., and Archer, S. D.: Dimethylsulfide (DMS) production in
polar oceans may be resilient to ocean acidification, Biogeosciences
Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2018-55, in review, 2018. a
Huffman, G. J., Bolvin, D. T., Nelkin, E. J., Wolff, D. B., Adler, R. F., Gu,
G., Hong, Y., Bowman, K. P., and Stocker, E. F.: The TRMM Multisatellite
Precipitation Analysis (TMPA): Quasi-Global, Multiyear, Combined-Sensor
Precipitation Estimates at Fine Scales, J. Hydrometeorol., 8, 38–55,
https://doi.org/10.1175/JHM560.1, 2007. a, b
Jardine, K., Yañez-Serrano, A. M., Williams, J., Kunert, N., Jardine,
A.,
Taylor, T., Abrell, L., Artaxo, P., Guenther, A., Hewitt, C. N., House, E.,
Florentino, A. P., Manzi, A., Higuchi, N., Kesselmeier, J., Behrendt, T.,
Veres, P. R., Derstroff, B., Fuentes, J. D., Martin, S. T., and Andreae,
M. O.: Dimethyl sulfide in the Amazon rain forest, Global Biogeochem. Cy.,
29, 19–32, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014GB004969,
2015. a
Jarnikova, T. and Tortell, P. D.: Towards a revised climatology of
summertime
dimethylsulfide concentrations and sea – air fluxes in the Southern Ocean,
Environ. Chem., 13, 364–378, https://doi.org/10.1071/EN14272, 2016. a
Jones, G., Curran, M., Swan, H., and Deschaseaux, E.: Dimethylsulfide and
Coral Bleaching: Links to Solar Radiation, Low Level Cloud and the Regulation
of Seawater Temperatures and Climate in the Great Barrier Reef, Am. J.
Climate Change, 06, 328–359, https://doi.org/10.4236/ajcc.2017.62017,
2017. a
Kato, S., Loeb, N. G., Rose, F. G., Doelling, D. R., Rutan, D. A., Caldwell,
T. E., Yu, L., and Weller, R. A.: Surface irradiances consistent with
CERES-derived top-of-atmosphere shortwave and longwave irradiances, J.
Climate, 26, 2719–2740, https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00436.1, 2013. a, b
Kettle, A. J. and Andreae, M.: Flux of dimethylsulfide from the oceans: A
comparison of updated data sets and flux models, J. Geophys. Res., 105,
26793–26808, https://doi.org/10.1029/2000JD900252, 2000. a, b
Kettle, A. J., Amouroux, D., Andreae, T. W., Bates, T. S., Berresheim, H.,
Bingemer, H., Boniforti, R., Helas, G., Leck, C., Maspero, M., Matrai, P.,
McTaggart, A. R., Mihalopoulos, N., Nguyen, B. C., Novo, A., Putaud, J. P.,
Rapsomanikis, S., Roberts, G., Schebeske, G., Sharma, S., Simó, R.,
Staubes, R., Turner, S., and Uher, G.: A global data base of sea surface
dimethyl sulfide (DMS) measurements and a simple model to predict sea surface
DMS as a function of latitude, longitude, and month, Global Biogeochem. Cy.,
13, 399–444, 1999. a, b
Kim, I., Hahm, D., Park, K., Lee, Y., Choi, J.-O., Zhang, M., Chen, L., Kim,
H.-C., and Lee, S.: Characteristics of the horizontal and vertical
distributions of dimethyl sulfide throughout the Amundsen Sea Polynya, Sci.
Total Environ., 584, 154–163, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.01.165,
2017. a, b
Klein, S. A., Zhang, Y., Zelinka, M. D., Pincus, R., Boyle, J., and Gleckler,
P. J.: Are climate model simulations of clouds improving? An evaluation
using the ISCCP simulator, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 118, 1329–1342,
https://doi.org/10.1002/jgrd.50141, 2013. a, b
Kloster, S., Six, K. D., Feichter, J., Maier-Reimer, E., Roeckner, E.,
Wetzel,
P., Stier, P., and Esch, M.: Response of dimethylsulfide (DMS) in the ocean
and atmosphere to global warming, J. Geophys. Res.-Biogeo., 112,
1–13, https://doi.org/10.1029/2006JG000224, 2007. a, b, c, d
Korhonen, H., Carslaw, K. S., Spracklen, D. V., Mann, G. W., and Woodhouse,
M. T.: Influence of oceanic dimethyl sulfide emissions on cloud condensation
nuclei concentrations and seasonality over the remote Southern Hemisphere
oceans: A global model study, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 113, 1–16,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2007JD009718, 2008. a, b
Kulmala, M., Laaksonen, A., and Pirjola, L.: Parameterizations for sulfuric
acid/water nucleation rates, J. Geophys. Res., 103, 8301,
https://doi.org/10.1029/97JD03718, 1998. a
Kushta, J., Kallos, G., Astitha, M., Solomos, S., Spyrou, C., Mitsakou, C.,
and
Lelieveld, J.: Impact of natural aerosols on atmospheric radiation and
consequent feedbacks with the meteorological and photochemical state of the
atmosphere, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 119, 1463–1491,
https://doi.org/10.1002/2013JD020714, 2014. a
Lamarque, J.-F., Bond, T. C., Eyring, V., Granier, C., Heil, A., Klimont, Z.,
Lee, D., Liousse, C., Mieville, A., Owen, B., Schultz, M. G., Shindell, D.,
Smith, S. J., Stehfest, E., Van Aardenne, J., Cooper, O. R., Kainuma, M.,
Mahowald, N., McConnell, J. R., Naik, V., Riahi, K., and van Vuuren, D. P.:
Historical (1850–2000) gridded anthropogenic and biomass burning emissions
of reactive gases and aerosols: methodology and application, Atmos. Chem.
Phys., 10, 7017–7039, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-7017-2010, 2010. a
Lana, A., Bell, T. G., Simó, R., Vallina, S. M., Ballabrera-Poy, J.,
Kettle, A. J., Dachs, J., Bopp, L., Saltzman, E. S., Stefels, J., Johnson,
J. E., and Liss, P. S.: An updated climatology of surface dimethlysulfide
concentrations and emission fluxes in the global ocean, Global Biogeochem.
Cy., 25, 1–17, https://doi.org/10.1029/2010GB003850, 2011. a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, i, j, k, l
Leon, D. C., Wang, Z., and Liu, D.: Climatology of drizzle in marine
boundary
layer clouds based on 1 year of data from CloudSat and Cloud-Aerosol Lidar
and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations (CALIPSO), J. Geophys.
Res.-Atmos., 114, D00A14, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008JD009835, 2009. a
Liss, P. S. and Merlivat, L.: Air-Sea Gas Exchange Rates: Introduction and
Synthesis, in: The Role of Air-Sea Exchange in Geochemical Cycling, edited
by: Buat-Ménard, P., Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht, 113–127,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-4738-2_5, 1986. a, b, c, d
Loeb, N. G., Wielicki, B. A., Doelling, D. R., Smith, G. L., Keyes, D. F.,
Kato, S., Manalo-Smith, N., and Wong, T.: Toward optimal closure of the
Earth's top-of-atmosphere radiation budget, J. Climate, 22, 748–766,
https://doi.org/10.1175/2008JCLI2637.1, 2009. a, b
Mace, G. G. and Zhang, Q.: The CloudSat radar-lidar geometrical profile
product (RL-GeoProf): Updates, improvements, and selected results, J.
Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 119, 9441–9462, https://doi.org/10.1002/2013JD021374, 2014. a
Mahajan, A. S., Fadnavis, S., Thomas, M. A., Pozzoli, L., Gupta, S., Royer,
S.-J., Saiz-Lopez, A., and Simó, R.: Quantifying the impacts of an
updated global dimethyl sulfide climatology on cloud microphysics and aerosol
radiative forcing, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 120, 2524–2536,
https://doi.org/10.1002/2014JD022687,
2015. a, b, c, d, e
Mann, G. W., Carslaw, K. S., Spracklen, D. V., Ridley, D. A., Manktelow, P.
T., Chipperfield, M. P., Pickering, S. J., and Johnson, C. E.: Description
and evaluation of GLOMAP-mode: a modal global aerosol microphysics model for
the UKCA composition-climate model, Geosci. Model Dev., 3, 519–551,
https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-3-519-2010, 2010. a, b, c, d, e
Mann, G. W., Carslaw, K. S., Ridley, D. A., Spracklen, D. V., Pringle, K. J.,
Merikanto, J., Korhonen, H., Schwarz, J. P., Lee, L. A., Manktelow, P. T.,
Woodhouse, M. T., Schmidt, A., Breider, T. J., Emmerson, K. M., Reddington,
C. L., Chipperfield, M. P., and Pickering, S. J.: Intercomparison of modal
and sectional aerosol microphysics representations within the same 3-D global
chemical transport model, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 4449–4476,
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-4449-2012, 2012. a, b
McCormick, R. A. and Ludwig, J. H.: Climate Modification by Atmospheric
Aerosols, Science, 156, 1358–1359, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.156.3780.1358,
1967. a
Metzger, A., Verheggen, B., Dommen, J., Duplissy, J., Prevot, A. S. H.,
Weingartner, E., Riipinen, I., Kulmala, M., Spracklen, D. V., Carslaw, K. S.,
and Baltensperger, U.: Evidence for the role of organics in aerosol particle
formation under atmospheric conditions., P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 107,
6646–6651, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0911330107, 2010. a
Millar, R. J., Nicholls, Z. R., Friedlingstein, P., and Allen, M. R.: A
modified impulse-response representation of the global near-surface air
temperature and atmospheric concentration response to carbon dioxide
emissions, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 7213–7228,
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-7213-2017, 2017. a, b
Mungall, E. L., Croft, B., Lizotte, M., Thomas, J. L., Murphy, J. G.,
Levasseur, M., Martin, R. V., Wentzell, J. J. B., Liggio, J., and Abbatt, J.
P. D.: Dimethyl sulfide in the summertime Arctic atmosphere: measurements and
source sensitivity simulations, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 6665–6680,
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-6665-2016, 2016. a, b
Myhre, G., Samset, B. H., Schulz, M., Balkanski, Y., Bauer, S., Berntsen, T.
K., Bian, H., Bellouin, N., Chin, M., Diehl, T., Easter, R. C., Feichter, J.,
Ghan, S. J., Hauglustaine, D., Iversen, T., Kinne, S., Kirkevåg, A.,
Lamarque, J.-F., Lin, G., Liu, X., Lund, M. T., Luo, G., Ma, X., van Noije,
T., Penner, J. E., Rasch, P. J., Ruiz, A., Seland, Ø., Skeie, R. B.,
Stier, P., Takemura, T., Tsigaridis, K., Wang, P., Wang, Z., Xu, L., Yu, H.,
Yu, F., Yoon, J.-H., Zhang, K., Zhang, H., and Zhou, C.: Radiative forcing of
the direct aerosol effect from AeroCom Phase II simulations, Atmos. Chem.
Phys., 13, 1853–1877, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-1853-2013, 2013a. a
Myhre, G., Shindell, D., Bréon, F.-M., Collins, W., Fuglestvedt, J.,
Huang, J., Koch, D., Lamarque, J.-F., Lee, D., Mendoza, B., Nakajima, T.,
Robock, A., Stephens, G., Takemura, T., and Zhang, H.: Anthropogenic and
Natural Radiative Forcing, Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis.
Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, 659–740, https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781107415324.018, 2013b. a, b, c, d
Nam, C., Bony, S., Dufresne, J. L., and Chepfer, H.: The too few, too bright
tropical low-cloud problem in CMIP5 models, Geophys. Res. Lett., 39, 1–7,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2012GL053421, 2012. a, b, c, d
NASA: EBAF-Surface Ed4.0,
https://doi.org/10.5067/Terra+Aqua/
CERES/EBAF-Surface_L3B004.0,
last access: 28 June 2018a. a
NASA: EBAF-TOA Ed4.0,
https://doi.org/10.5067/Terra+Aqua/
CERES/EBAF-TOA_L3B004.0,
last access: 28 June 2018b. a
Nightingale, D., Malin, G., Law, C. S., Watson, J., Liss, S., and Liddicoat,
I.: In situ evaluation of air-sea gas exchange parameterizations using novel
conservative and volatile tracers, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 14, 373–387,
https://doi.org/10.1029/1999GB900091, 2000. a
Nomura, D., Kasamatsu, N., Tateyama, K., Kudoh, S., and Fukuchi, M.: DMSP
and
DMS in coastal fast ice and under-ice water of Lützow-Holm Bay, eastern
Antarctica, Cont. Shelf Res., 31, 1377–1383,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csr.2011.05.017, 2011. a
Protat, A., Young, S. A., McFarlane, S. A., L'Ecuyer, T., Mace, G. G.,
Comstock, J. M., Long, C. N., Berry, E., and Delanoë, J.: Reconciling
ground-based and space-based estimates of the frequency of occurrence and
radiative effect of clouds around Darwin, Australia, J. Appl. Meteorol.
Clim., 53, 456–478, https://doi.org/10.1175/JAMC-D-13-072.1, 2014. a
Quinn, P. K. and Bates, T. S.: The case against climate regulation via
oceanic
phytoplankton sulphur emissions, Nature, 480, 51–56,
https://doi.org/10.1038/nature10580, 2011. a, b
Rosenfeld, D., Sherwood, S., Wood, R., and Donner, L.: Climate Effects of
Aerosol-Cloud Interactions, Science, 343, 379–380,
https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1247490,
2014. a, b
Rotstayn, L. D., Collier, M. A., and Luo, J.-J.: Effects of declining
aerosols
on projections of zonally averaged tropical precipitation, Environ. Res.
Lett., 10, 44018, https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/10/4/044018,
2015. a
Royer, S. J., Mahajan, A. S., Galí, M., Saltzman, E., and Simõ,
R.:
Small-scale variability patterns of DMS and phytoplankton in surface waters
of the tropical and subtropical Atlantic, Indian, and Pacific Oceans,
Geophys. Res. Lett., 42, 475–483, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014GL062543, 2015. a
Schwinger, J., Tjiputra, J., Goris, N., Six, K. D., Kirkevåg, A., Seland,
Ø., Heinze, C., and Ilyina, T.: Amplification of global warming through pH
dependence of DMS production simulated with a fully coupled Earth system
model, Biogeosciences, 14, 3633–3648,
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-3633-2017, 2017. a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, i, j
Seifert, A. and Beheng, K. D.: A two-moment cloud microphysics
parameterization for mixed-phase clouds. Part 2: Maritime vs. continental
deep convective storms, Meteorol. Atmos. Phys., 92, 67–82,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00703-005-0113-3, 2006. a
Seinfeld, J. H., Bretherton, C., Carslaw, K. S., Coe, H., DeMott, P. J.,
Dunlea, E. J., Feingold, G., Ghan, S., Guenther, A. B., Kahn, R., Kraucunas,
I., Kreidenweis, S. M., Molina, M. J., Nenes, A., Penner, J. E., Prather,
K. A., Ramanathan, V., Ramaswamy, V., Rasch, P. J., Ravishankara, A. R.,
Rosenfeld, D., Stephens, G., and Wood, R.: Improving our fundamental
understanding of the role of aerosol–cloud interactions in the climate
system, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 113, 5781–5790,
https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1514043113,
2016. a
Sheng, J. X., Weisenstein, D. K., Luo, B. P., Rozanov, E., Stenke, A., Anet,
J., Bingemer, H., and Peter, T.: Global atmospheric sulfur budget under
volcanically quiescent conditions: Aerosol-chemistry-climate model
predictions and validation, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 120, 256–276,
https://doi.org/10.1002/2014JD021985, 2015. a
Simó, R. and Dachs, J.: Global ocean emission of dimethylsulfide
predicted from biogeophysical data, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 16,
26–1–26–10, https://doi.org/10.1029/2001GB001829,
2002. a
Smith, C., Millar, R., Nicholls, Z., Allen, M., Forster, P., Leach, N., and Regayre, L.:
FAIR – Finite Amplitude Impulse Response Model (multi-forcing version) (Version v1.3.2), Geoscientific Model Development, Zenodo,
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1247898, 16 May 2018. a
Stephens, G. L., L'Ecuyer, T., Forbes, R., Gettlemen, A., Golaz, J. C.,
Bodas-Salcedo, A., Suzuki, K., Gabriel, P., and Haynes, J.: Dreary state of
precipitation in global models, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 115, D24211,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2010JD014532, 2010. a, b
Stephens, G. L., Li, J., Wild, M., Clayson, C. A., Loeb, N. G., Kato, S.,
L'Ecuyer, T., Stackhouse, P. W., Lebsock, M., and Andrews, T.: An update on
Earth's energy balance in light of the latest global observations, Nat.
Geosci., 5, 691–696, https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo1580,
2012. a, b, c
Swan, H. B., Jones, G. B., Deschaseaux, E. S. M., and Eyre, B. D.: Coral reef
origins of atmospheric dimethylsulfide at Heron Island, southern Great
Barrier Reef, Australia, Biogeosciences, 14, 229–239,
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-229-2017, 2017. a
Taylor, K. E., Williamson, D., and Zwiers, F. W.: Program for Climate Model
Diagnosis and Intercomparison AMIP Sea Surface Temperature and Sea Ice
Concentration Boundary Conditions,
available at: http://www-pcmdi.llnl.gov/projects/amip/AMIP2EXPDSN/BCS/index.php (Last access: 6 March 2017),
2015. a
Thomas, M. A., Suntharalingam, P., Pozzoli, L., Rast, S., Devasthale, A.,
Kloster, S., Feichter, J., and Lenton, T. M.: Quantification of DMS
aerosol-cloud-climate interactions using the ECHAM5-HAMMOZ model in a current
climate scenario, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 7425–7438,
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-7425-2010, 2010. a, b, c, d
Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM): TRMM (TMPA) Rainfall Estimate L3
3 hour 0.25 degree × 0.25 degree V7, Greenbelt, MD, Goddard Earth
Sciences Data and Information Services Center (GES DISC),
https://doi.org/10.5067/TRMM/TMPA/3H/7 (last access: 28 June 2018), 2011. a
Twomey, S.: Pollution and the Planetary Albedo, Atmos. Environ., 8,
1251–1256,
1974. a
Vallina, S. M., Simó, R., and Gassó, S.: What controls CCN
seasonality in the Southern Ocean? A statistical analysis based on
satellite-derived chlorophyll and CCN and model-estimated OH radical and
rainfall, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 20, 1–13, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005GB002597,
2006. a
van der Werf, G. R., Randerson, J. T., Giglio, L., van Leeuwen, T. T., Chen,
Y., Rogers, B. M., Mu, M., van Marle, M. J. E., Morton, D. C., Collatz, G.
J., Yokelson, R. J., and Kasibhatla, P. S.: Global fire emissions estimates
during 1997–2016, Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 9, 697–720,
https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-9-697-2017, 2017. a
van Vuuren, D. P., Edmonds, J., Kainuma, M., Riahi, K., Thomson, A., Hibbard,
K., Hurtt, G. C., Kram, T., Krey, V., Lamarque, J. F., Masui, T.,
Meinshausen, M., Nakicenovic, N., Smith, S. J., and Rose, S. K.: The
representative concentration pathways: An overview, Climatic Change, 109,
5–31, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-011-0148-z, 2011. a
Vlahos, P. and Monahan, E. C.: A generalized model for the air-sea transfer
of
dimethyl sulfide at high wind speeds, Geophys. Res. Lett., 36, L21605,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2009GL040695,
2009. a, b
Wang, H. and Su, W.: Evaluating and understanding top of the atmosphere
cloud
radiative effects in Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Fifth
Assessment Report (AR5) Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5)
models using satellite observations, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 118, 683–699,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2012JD018619, 2013. a, b
Wanninkhof, R.: Relationship Between Wind Speed and Gas Exchange, J.
Geophys.
Res., 97, 7373–7382, https://doi.org/10.1029/92JC00188, 1992. a
Wilks, D. S.: Statistical Methods in the Atmospheric Sciences, vol. 100,
Elsevier, 3rd Edn., https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-385022-5.00026-9,
2011.
a
Woodhouse, M. T., Carslaw, K. S., Mann, G. W., Vallina, S. M., Vogt, M.,
Halloran, P. R., and Boucher, O.: Low sensitivity of cloud condensation
nuclei to changes in the sea-air flux of dimethyl-sulphide, Atmos. Chem.
Phys., 10, 7545–7559, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-7545-2010, 2010. a, b, c, d, e, f, g
Woodhouse, M. T., Luhar, A. K., Stevens, L., Galbally, I., Thatcher, M., Uhe,
P., Noonan, J., and Molloy, S.: Australian reactive-gas emissions in a
global chemistry-climate model and initial results, Air Qual. Clim. Change,
49, 31–38, 2015. a
Woodward, S.: Modeling the atmospheric life cycle and radiative impact of
mineral dust in the Hadley Centre climate model, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 106,
18155–18166, https://doi.org/10.1029/2000JD900795, 2001. a
Yoch, D. C.: Dimethylsulfoniopropionate: Its Sources, Role in the Marine
Food Web, and Biological Degradation to Dimethylsulfide, Appl. Environ.
Microb., 68, 5804–5815, https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.68.12.5804-5815.2002,
2002. a
Download
The requested paper has a corresponding corrigendum published. Please read the corrigendum first before downloading the article.
- Article
(5023 KB) - Full-text XML
Short summary
The role of natural aerosol in the climate system is uncertain. A key contributor to marine aerosol is dimethyl sulfide (DMS), released by phytoplankton in the oceans. We study the effect of DMS on clouds and rain using a climate model with a detailed aerosol scheme. We show that DMS acts to reduce rainfall in cloud deck regions, leading to longer lived clouds and a large impact on solar energy reaching the surface. Further study of these areas will improve future climate projections.
The role of natural aerosol in the climate system is uncertain. A key contributor to marine...
Altmetrics
Final-revised paper
Preprint