Articles | Volume 25, issue 9
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-4719-2025
© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-4719-2025
© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
07 May 2025
Research article |
| 07 May 2025
| 07 May 2025
A comprehensive global modeling assessment of nitrate heterogeneous formation on desert dust
Barcelona Supercomputing Center, Barcelona, Spain
Barcelona Supercomputing Center, Barcelona, Spain
María Gonçalves Ageitos
Barcelona Supercomputing Center, Barcelona, Spain
Projects and Construction Engineering Department, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Terrassa, Spain
Dene Bowdalo
Barcelona Supercomputing Center, Barcelona, Spain
Marc Guevara
Barcelona Supercomputing Center, Barcelona, Spain
Carlos Pérez García-Pando
Barcelona Supercomputing Center, Barcelona, Spain
Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
Related authors
No articles found.
Marios Chatziparaschos, Stelios Myriokefalitakis, Nikos Kalivitis, Nikos Daskalakis, Athanasios Nenes, María Gonçalves Ageitos, Montserrat Costa-Surós, Carlos Pérez García-Pando, Mihalis Vrekoussis, and Maria Kanakidou
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 9085–9111, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-9085-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-9085-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
We show distinct seasonal and geographical patterns in the contributions of mineral dust, marine aerosol, and terrestrial biological particles to ice-nucleating particle (INP) concentrations that lead to atmospheric ice formation, a major source of uncertainty in climate projections. Bioaerosols are the major source of INPs at high temperatures, while mineral dust influences the global INP population at lower temperatures. These particles can satisfactorily reproduce INPs in a climate model.
Jesús Yus-Díez, Luka Drinovec, Lucas Alados-Arboledas, Gloria Titos, Elena Bazo, Andrea Casans, Diego Patrón, Xavier Querol, Adolfo Gonzalez-Romero, Carlos Perez García-Pando, and Griša Močnik
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 18, 3073–3093, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-18-3073-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-18-3073-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
We have used absorption from a photothermal interferometer and scattering measurements to evaluate the most deployed filter photometers used to measure absorption for monitoring networks. We used soot- and dust-dominated aerosol samples in both laboratory and ambient settings. Our results indicated that one of these filter photometers, the MAAP (Multiangle Absorption Photometer), usually used as a pseudo-reference instrument, had 47 % higher absorption values than our reference measurements.
Jesús Yus-Díez, Jeronimo Escribano, Marco Pandolfi, Andres Alastuey, Cristina González-Flórez, Adolfo Gonzalez-Romero, Maria Gonçalves Ageitos, Matic Ivančič, Martina Klose, Konrad Kandler, Vicenzo Obiso, Agnesh Panta, Cristina Reche, Martin Rigler, Xavier Querol, and Carlos Perez Garćia-Pando
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-2571, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-2571, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Here we present measurements of dust optical properties during active emissions at a source region in the Moroccan Sahara. We present results on its single scattering albedo, absorption and scattering wavelength dependence and mass efficiency. Furthermore, we have performed imaginary refractive index (k) retrieval under varying assumptions of the refractive index real part, and particle sphericity. We also provide a comparison between the k retrievals and estimations on dust k from AERONET.
Sylvain Dupont, Eric Lamaud, Mark R. Irvine, Jean-Marc Bonnefond, Adolfo González-Romero, Andrés Alastuey, Cristina González-Flórez, Xavier Querol, Konrad Kandler, Martina Klose, and Carlos Pérez García-Pando
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 18, 2183–2200, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-18-2183-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-18-2183-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Low-cost optical particle counters (OPCs) offer new opportunities to monitor dust particles from wind soil erosion. Their price, size, and power consumption are lower than those of traditional OPCs. We tested the ability of the low-cost OPC-N3 from Alphasense to estimate dust emission flux during erosion events in Jordan. N3 estimated the dust flux well, with differences of less than 30 % compared to a traditional OPC. Our results confirm the potential of low-cost OPCs for dust erosion research.
Hannah Meyer, Konrad Kandler, Sylvain Dupont, Jerónimo Escribano, Jessica Girdwood, George Nikolich, Andrés Alastuey, Vicken Etyemezian, Cristina González Flórez, Adolfo González-Romero, Tareq Hussein, Mark Irvine, Peter Knippertz, Ottmar Möhler, Xavier Querol, Chris Stopford, Franziska Vogel, Frederik Weis, Andreas Wieser, Carlos Pérez García-Pando, and Martina Klose
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-1531, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-1531, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Mineral dust particles emitted from dry soils are of various sizes, yet the abundance of very large particles is not well understood. Here we measured the dust size distribution from fine to giant particles at an emission source during a field campaign in Jordan (J-WADI) using multiple instruments. Our findings show that large particles make up a significant part of the total dust mass. This knowledge is essential to improve climate models and to predict dust impacts on climate and environment.
Alba Santos-Espeso, María Gonçalves Ageitos, Pablo Ortega, Carlos Pérez García-Pando, Markus G. Donat, Margarida Samso Cabré, and Saskia Loosveldt Tomas
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-1286, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-1286, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Short-lived air pollutants (e.g., aerosols and ozone) affect climate differently than greenhouse gases. Using climate models, we found that during 1950–2014, these pollutants caused global cooling, stronger in the Arctic, increased vertical mixing in the Labrador Sea, and southward displacement of the tropical rain belt. These regional impacts oppose those of greenhouse gases. Hence, future reductions in pollution for better air quality must be accompanied by stricter greenhouse gas mitigation.
Marc Guevara, Augustin Colette, Antoine Guion, Valentin Petiot, Mario Adani, Joaquim Arteta, Anna Benedictow, Robert Bergström, Andrea Bolignano, Paula Camps, Ana C. Carvalho, Jesper Heile Christensen, Florian Couvidat, Ilia D’Elia, Hugo Denier van der Gon, Gaël Descombes, John Douros, Hilde Fagerli, Yalda Fatahi, Elmar Friese, Lise Frohn, Michael Gauss, Camilla Geels, Risto Hänninen, Kaj Hansen, Oriol Jorba, Jacek W. Kaminski, Rostislav Kouznetsov, Richard Kranenburg, Jeroen Kuenen, Victor Lannuque, Frédérik Meleux, Agnes Nyíri, Yuliia Palamarchuk, Carlos Pérez García-Pando, Lennard Robertson, Felicita Russo, Arjo Segers, Mikhail Sofiev, Joanna Struzewska, Renske Timmermans, Andreas Uppstu, Alvaro Valdebenito, and Zhuyun Ye
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-1287, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-1287, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Air quality models require hourly emissions to accurately represent dispersion and physico-chemical processes in the atmosphere. Since emission inventories are typically provided at the annual level, emissions are downscaled to a refined temporal resolution using temporal profiles. This study quantifies the impact of using new anthropogenic temporal profiles on the performance of an European air quality multi-model ensemble. Overall, the findings indicate an improvement of the modelling results.
Agnesh Panta, Konrad Kandler, Kerstin Schepanski, Andres Alastuey, Pavla Dagsson Waldhauserova, Sylvain Dupont, Melanie Eknayan, Cristina González-Flórez, Adolfo González-Romero, Martina Klose, Mara Montag, Xavier Querol, Jesús Yus-Díez, and Carlos Pérez García-Pando
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-494, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-494, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Iceland is among the most active dust source areas in the world. Dust properties are influenced by particle size, mineralogy, shape, and mixing state. This work characterizes freshly emitted individual aerosol particles of Icelandic dust using electron microscopy. Our study provides insights into critical particle-specific information will contribute to better constraining climate models that consider mineralogical variations in their representation of the dust cycle.
Antoine Guion, Florian Couvidat, Marc Guevara, and Augustin Colette
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 2807–2827, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-2807-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-2807-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
The residential sector can cause high background levels of pollutants and pollution peaks in winter. Its emissions are dominated by space heating and show strong daily variations linked to changes in outside temperature. Using heating degree days, we provide country- and species-dependent parameters for the distribution of these emissions, improving the performance of the CHIMERE air quality model. This also allows annual residential emissions to be projected before official publications.
Hector Navarro-Barboza, Jordi Rovira, Vincenzo Obiso, Andrea Pozzer, Marta Via, Andres Alastuey, Xavier Querol, Noemi Perez, Marjan Savadkoohi, Gang Chen, Jesus Yus-Díez, Matic Ivancic, Martin Rigler, Konstantinos Eleftheriadis, Stergios Vratolis, Olga Zografou, Maria Gini, Benjamin Chazeau, Nicolas Marchand, Andre S. H. Prevot, Kaspar Dallenbach, Mikael Ehn, Krista Luoma, Tuukka Petäjä, Anna Tobler, Jaroslaw Necki, Minna Aurela, Hilkka Timonen, Jarkko Niemi, Olivier Favez, Jean-Eudes Petit, Jean-Philippe Putaud, Christoph Hueglin, Nicolas Pascal, Aurélien Chauvigné, Sébastien Conil, Marco Pandolfi, and Oriol Jorba
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 2667–2694, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-2667-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-2667-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Brown carbon (BrC) absorbs ultraviolet (UV) and visible light, influencing climate. This study explores BrC's imaginary refractive index (k) using data from 12 European sites. Residential emissions are a major organic aerosol (OA) source in winter, while secondary organic aerosol (SOA) dominates in summer. Source-specific k values were derived, improving model accuracy. The findings highlight BrC's climate impact and emphasize source-specific constraints in atmospheric models.
Emmanouil Proestakis, Vassilis Amiridis, Carlos Pérez García-Pando, Svetlana Tsyro, Jan Griesfeller, Antonis Gkikas, Thanasis Georgiou, María Gonçalves Ageitos, Jeronimo Escribano, Stelios Myriokefalitakis, Elisa Bergas Masso, Enza Di Tomaso, Sara Basart, Jan-Berend W. Stuut, and Angela Benedetti
Earth Syst. Sci. Data Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2025-43, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2025-43, 2025
Revised manuscript accepted for ESSD
Short summary
Short summary
Quantification of dust deposition into the broader Atlantic Ocean is provided, with the estimates established on the basis of Earth Observations. The dataset is considered unique with respect to a range of applications, including compensating for spatiotemporal gaps of sediment-trap measurements, assessments of model simulations, shedding light into physical processes related to the dust cycle, and to better understand dust biogeochemical impacts on oceanic ecosystems, on weather, and climate.
Augustin Colette, Gaëlle Collin, François Besson, Etienne Blot, Vincent Guidard, Frederik Meleux, Adrien Royer, Valentin Petiot, Claire Miller, Oihana Fermond, Alizé Jeant, Mario Adani, Joaquim Arteta, Anna Benedictow, Robert Bergström, Dene Bowdalo, Jorgen Brandt, Gino Briganti, Ana C. Carvalho, Jesper Heile Christensen, Florian Couvidat, Ilia D’Elia, Massimo D’Isidoro, Hugo Denier van der Gon, Gaël Descombes, Enza Di Tomaso, John Douros, Jeronimo Escribano, Henk Eskes, Hilde Fagerli, Yalda Fatahi, Johannes Flemming, Elmar Friese, Lise Frohn, Michael Gauss, Camilla Geels, Guido Guarnieri, Marc Guevara, Antoine Guion, Jonathan Guth, Risto Hänninen, Kaj Hansen, Ulas Im, Ruud Janssen, Marine Jeoffrion, Mathieu Joly, Luke Jones, Oriol Jorba, Evgeni Kadantsev, Michael Kahnert, Jacek W. Kaminski, Rostislav Kouznetsov, Richard Kranenburg, Jeroen Kuenen, Anne Caroline Lange, Joachim Langner, Victor Lannuque, Francesca Macchia, Astrid Manders, Mihaela Mircea, Agnes Nyiri, Miriam Olid, Carlos Pérez García-Pando, Yuliia Palamarchuk, Antonio Piersanti, Blandine Raux, Miha Razinger, Lennard Robertson, Arjo Segers, Martijn Schaap, Pilvi Siljamo, David Simpson, Mikhail Sofiev, Anders Stangel, Joanna Struzewska, Carles Tena, Renske Timmermans, Thanos Tsikerdekis, Svetlana Tsyro, Svyatoslav Tyuryakov, Anthony Ung, Andreas Uppstu, Alvaro Valdebenito, Peter van Velthoven, Lina Vitali, Zhuyun Ye, Vincent-Henri Peuch, and Laurence Rouïl
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3744, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3744, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service – Regional Production delivers daily forecasts, analyses, and reanalyses of air quality in Europe. The Service relies on a distributed modelling production by eleven leading European modelling teams following stringent requirements with an operational design which has no equivalent in the world. All the products are full, free, open and quality assured and disseminated with a high level of reliability.
Dene Bowdalo, Sara Basart, Marc Guevara, Oriol Jorba, Carlos Pérez García-Pando, Monica Jaimes Palomera, Olivia Rivera Hernandez, Melissa Puchalski, David Gay, Jörg Klausen, Sergio Moreno, Stoyka Netcheva, and Oksana Tarasova
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 4417–4495, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-4417-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-4417-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
GHOST (Globally Harmonised Observations in Space and Time) represents one of the biggest collections of harmonised measurements of atmospheric composition at the surface. In total, 7 275 148 646 measurements from 1970 to 2023, from 227 different components, and from 38 reporting networks are compiled, parsed, and standardised. Components processed include gaseous species, total and speciated particulate matter, and aerosol optical properties.
Jieying Ding, Ronald van der A, Henk Eskes, Enrico Dammers, Mark Shephard, Roy Wichink Kruit, Marc Guevara, and Leonor Tarrason
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 10583–10599, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-10583-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-10583-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Here we applied the existing Daily Emissions Constrained by Satellite Observations (DECSO) inversion algorithm to NH3 observations from the CrIS satellite instrument to estimate NH3 emissions. As NH3 in the atmosphere is influenced by NOx, we implemented DECSO to estimate NOx and NH3 emissions simultaneously. The emissions are derived over Europe for 2020 at a spatial resolution of 0.2° using daily observations from CrIS and TROPOMI. Results are compared to bottom-up emission inventories.
Manu Anna Thomas, Klaus Wyser, Shiyu Wang, Marios Chatziparaschos, Paraskevi Georgakaki, Montserrat Costa-Surós, Maria Gonçalves Ageitos, Maria Kanakidou, Carlos Pérez García-Pando, Athanasios Nenes, Twan van Noije, Philippe Le Sager, and Abhay Devasthale
Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 6903–6927, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-6903-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-6903-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Aerosol–cloud interactions occur at a range of spatio-temporal scales. While evaluating recent developments in EC-Earth3-AerChem, this study aims to understand the extent to which the Twomey effect manifests itself at larger scales. We find a reduction in the warm bias over the Southern Ocean due to model improvements. While we see footprints of the Twomey effect at larger scales, the negative relationship between cloud droplet number and liquid water drives the shortwave radiative effect.
Adolfo González-Romero, Cristina González-Flórez, Agnesh Panta, Jesús Yus-Díez, Patricia Córdoba, Andres Alastuey, Natalia Moreno, Melani Hernández-Chiriboga, Konrad Kandler, Martina Klose, Roger N. Clark, Bethany L. Ehlmann, Rebecca N. Greenberger, Abigail M. Keebler, Phil Brodrick, Robert Green, Paul Ginoux, Xavier Querol, and Carlos Pérez García-Pando
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 9155–9176, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-9155-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-9155-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
In this research, we studied the dust-emitting properties of crusts and aeolian ripples from the Mojave Desert. These properties are key to understanding the effect of dust upon climate. We found two different playa lakes according to the groundwater regime, which implies differences in crusts' cohesion state and mineralogy, which can affect the dust emission potential and properties. We also compare them with Moroccan Sahara crusts and Icelandic top sediments.
Qianqian Song, Paul Ginoux, María Gonçalves Ageitos, Ron L. Miller, Vincenzo Obiso, and Carlos Pérez García-Pando
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 7421–7446, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-7421-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-7421-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We implement and simulate the distribution of eight dust minerals in the GFDL AM4.0 model. We found that resolving the eight minerals reduces dust absorption compared to the homogeneous dust used in the standard GFDL AM4.0 model that assumes a globally uniform hematite content of 2.7 % by volume. Resolving dust mineralogy results in significant impacts on radiation, land surface temperature, surface winds, and precipitation over North Africa in summer.
Kevin Oliveira, Marc Guevara, Oriol Jorba, Hervé Petetin, Dene Bowdalo, Carles Tena, Gilbert Montané Pinto, Franco López, and Carlos Pérez García-Pando
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 7137–7177, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-7137-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-7137-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
In this work, we assess and evaluate benzene, toluene, and xylene primary emissions and air quality levels in Spain by combining observations, emission inventories, and air quality modelling techniques. The comparison between modelled and observed levels allows identifying uncertainty sources within the emission input. This contributes to improving air quality models' performance when simulating these compounds, leading to better support for the design of effective pollution control strategies.
Adolfo González-Romero, Cristina González-Flórez, Agnesh Panta, Jesús Yus-Díez, Patricia Córdoba, Andres Alastuey, Natalia Moreno, Konrad Kandler, Martina Klose, Roger N. Clark, Bethany L. Ehlmann, Rebecca N. Greenberger, Abigail M. Keebler, Phil Brodrick, Robert O. Green, Xavier Querol, and Carlos Pérez García-Pando
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 6883–6910, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-6883-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-6883-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The knowledge of properties from dust emitted in high latitudes such as in Iceland is scarce. This study focuses on the particle size, mineralogy, cohesion, and iron mode of occurrence and reflectance spectra of dust-emitting sediments. Icelandic top sediments have lower cohesion state, coarser particle size, distinctive mineralogy, and 3-fold bulk Fe content, with a large presence of magnetite compared to Saharan crusts.
Vincenzo Obiso, María Gonçalves Ageitos, Carlos Pérez García-Pando, Jan P. Perlwitz, Gregory L. Schuster, Susanne E. Bauer, Claudia Di Biagio, Paola Formenti, Kostas Tsigaridis, and Ron L. Miller
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 5337–5367, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-5337-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-5337-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We calculate the dust direct radiative effect (DRE) in an Earth system model accounting for regionally varying soil mineralogy through a new observationally constrained method. Linking dust absorption at solar wavelengths to the varying amount of specific minerals (i.e., iron oxides) improves the modeled range of dust single scattering albedo compared to observations and increases the global cooling by dust. Our results may contribute to improved estimates of the dust DRE and its climate impact.
Philippe Thunis, Jeroen Kuenen, Enrico Pisoni, Bertrand Bessagnet, Manjola Banja, Lech Gawuc, Karol Szymankiewicz, Diego Guizardi, Monica Crippa, Susana Lopez-Aparicio, Marc Guevara, Alexander De Meij, Sabine Schindlbacher, and Alain Clappier
Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 3631–3643, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-3631-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-3631-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
An ensemble emission inventory is created with the aim of monitoring the status and progress made with the development of EU-wide inventories. This emission ensemble serves as a common benchmark for the screening and allows for the comparison of more than two inventories at a time. Because the emission “truth” is unknown, the approach does not tell which inventory is the closest to reality, but it identifies inconsistencies that require special attention.
Antonin Soulie, Claire Granier, Sabine Darras, Nicolas Zilbermann, Thierno Doumbia, Marc Guevara, Jukka-Pekka Jalkanen, Sekou Keita, Cathy Liousse, Monica Crippa, Diego Guizzardi, Rachel Hoesly, and Steven J. Smith
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 2261–2279, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-2261-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-2261-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Anthropogenic emissions are the result of transportation, power generation, industrial, residential and commercial activities as well as waste treatment and agriculture practices. This work describes the new CAMS-GLOB-ANT gridded inventory of 2000–2023 anthropogenic emissions of air pollutants and greenhouse gases. The methodology to generate the emissions is explained and the datasets are analysed and compared with publicly available global and regional inventories for selected world regions.
Danny M. Leung, Jasper F. Kok, Longlei Li, Natalie M. Mahowald, David M. Lawrence, Simone Tilmes, Erik Kluzek, Martina Klose, and Carlos Pérez García-Pando
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 2287–2318, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-2287-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-2287-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study uses a premier Earth system model to evaluate a new desert dust emission scheme proposed in our companion paper. We show that our scheme accounts for more dust emission physics, hence matching better against observations than other existing dust emission schemes do. Our scheme's dust emissions also couple tightly with meteorology, hence likely improving the modeled dust sensitivity to climate change. We believe this work is vital for improving dust representation in climate models.
Ruben Urraca, Greet Janssens-Maenhout, Nicolás Álamos, Lucas Berna-Peña, Monica Crippa, Sabine Darras, Stijn Dellaert, Hugo Denier van der Gon, Mark Dowell, Nadine Gobron, Claire Granier, Giacomo Grassi, Marc Guevara, Diego Guizzardi, Kevin Gurney, Nicolás Huneeus, Sekou Keita, Jeroen Kuenen, Ana Lopez-Noreña, Enrique Puliafito, Geoffrey Roest, Simone Rossi, Antonin Soulie, and Antoon Visschedijk
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 501–523, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-501-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-501-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
CoCO2-MOSAIC 1.0 is a global mosaic of regional bottom-up inventories providing gridded (0.1×0.1) monthly emissions of anthropogenic CO2. Regional inventories include country-specific information and finer spatial resolution than global inventories. CoCO2-MOSAIC provides harmonized access to these datasets and can be considered as a regionally accepted reference to assess the quality of global inventories, as done in the current paper.
Marc Guevara, Santiago Enciso, Carles Tena, Oriol Jorba, Stijn Dellaert, Hugo Denier van der Gon, and Carlos Pérez García-Pando
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 337–373, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-337-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-337-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
A global dataset of emissions from thermal power plants was created for the year 2018. The resulting catalogue reports annual emissions of CO2 and co-emitted species (NOx, CO, SO2 and CH4) for more than 16000 individual facilities at their exact geographical locations. Information on the temporal and vertical distributions of the emissions is also provided at the facility level. The dataset is intended to support current and future satellite emission monitoring and inverse modelling efforts.
Adolfo González-Romero, Cristina González-Flórez, Agnesh Panta, Jesús Yus-Díez, Cristina Reche, Patricia Córdoba, Natalia Moreno, Andres Alastuey, Konrad Kandler, Martina Klose, Clarissa Baldo, Roger N. Clark, Zongbo Shi, Xavier Querol, and Carlos Pérez García-Pando
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 15815–15834, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-15815-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-15815-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The effect of dust emitted from desertic surfaces upon climate and ecosystems depends on size and mineralogy, but data from soil mineral atlases of desert soils are scarce. We performed particle-size distribution, mineralogy, and Fe speciation in southern Morocco. Results show coarser particles with high quartz proportion are near the elevated areas, while in depressed areas, sizes are finer, and proportions of clays and nano-Fe oxides are higher. This difference is important for dust modelling.
María Gonçalves Ageitos, Vincenzo Obiso, Ron L. Miller, Oriol Jorba, Martina Klose, Matt Dawson, Yves Balkanski, Jan Perlwitz, Sara Basart, Enza Di Tomaso, Jerónimo Escribano, Francesca Macchia, Gilbert Montané, Natalie M. Mahowald, Robert O. Green, David R. Thompson, and Carlos Pérez García-Pando
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 8623–8657, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-8623-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-8623-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Dust aerosols affect our climate differently depending on their mineral composition. We include dust mineralogy in an atmospheric model considering two existing soil maps, which still have large associated uncertainties. The soil data and the distribution of the minerals in different aerosol sizes are key to our model performance. We find significant regional variations in climate-relevant variables, which supports including mineralogy in our current models and the need for improved soil maps.
Marc Guevara, Hervé Petetin, Oriol Jorba, Hugo Denier van der Gon, Jeroen Kuenen, Ingrid Super, Claire Granier, Thierno Doumbia, Philippe Ciais, Zhu Liu, Robin D. Lamboll, Sabine Schindlbacher, Bradley Matthews, and Carlos Pérez García-Pando
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 8081–8101, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-8081-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-8081-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This study provides an intercomparison of European 2020 emission changes derived from official inventories, which are reported by countries under the framework of several international conventions and directives, and non-official near-real-time estimates, the use of which has significantly grown since the COVID-19 outbreak. The results of the work are used to produce recommendations on how best to approach and make use of near-real-time emissions for modelling and monitoring applications.
Cristina González-Flórez, Martina Klose, Andrés Alastuey, Sylvain Dupont, Jerónimo Escribano, Vicken Etyemezian, Adolfo Gonzalez-Romero, Yue Huang, Konrad Kandler, George Nikolich, Agnesh Panta, Xavier Querol, Cristina Reche, Jesús Yus-Díez, and Carlos Pérez García-Pando
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 7177–7212, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-7177-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-7177-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Atmospheric mineral dust consists of tiny mineral particles that are emitted by wind erosion from arid regions. Its particle size distribution (PSD) affects its impact on the Earth's system. Nowadays, there is an incomplete understanding of the emitted dust PSD and a lot of debate about its variability. Here, we try to address these issues based on the measurements performed during a wind erosion and dust emission field campaign in the Moroccan Sahara within the framework of FRAGMENT project.
Danny M. Leung, Jasper F. Kok, Longlei Li, Gregory S. Okin, Catherine Prigent, Martina Klose, Carlos Pérez García-Pando, Laurent Menut, Natalie M. Mahowald, David M. Lawrence, and Marcelo Chamecki
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 6487–6523, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-6487-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-6487-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Desert dust modeling is important for understanding climate change, as dust regulates the atmosphere's greenhouse effect and radiation. This study formulates and proposes a more physical and realistic desert dust emission scheme for global and regional climate models. By considering more aeolian processes in our emission scheme, our simulations match better against dust observations than existing schemes. We believe this work is vital in improving dust representation in climate models.
Aleksander Lacima, Hervé Petetin, Albert Soret, Dene Bowdalo, Oriol Jorba, Zhaoyue Chen, Raúl F. Méndez Turrubiates, Hicham Achebak, Joan Ballester, and Carlos Pérez García-Pando
Geosci. Model Dev., 16, 2689–2718, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-2689-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-2689-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Understanding how air pollution varies across space and time is of key importance for the safeguarding of human health. This work arose in the context of the project EARLY-ADAPT, for which the Barcelona Supercomputing Center developed an air pollution database covering all of Europe. Through different statistical methods, we compared two global pollution models against measurements from ground stations and found significant discrepancies between the observed and the modeled surface pollution.
Michail Mytilinaios, Sara Basart, Sergio Ciamprone, Juan Cuesta, Claudio Dema, Enza Di Tomaso, Paola Formenti, Antonis Gkikas, Oriol Jorba, Ralph Kahn, Carlos Pérez García-Pando, Serena Trippetta, and Lucia Mona
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 5487–5516, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-5487-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-5487-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Multiscale Online Non-hydrostatic AtmospheRe CHemistry model (MONARCH) dust reanalysis provides a high-resolution 3D reconstruction of past dust conditions, allowing better quantification of climate and socioeconomic dust impacts. We assess the performance of the reanalysis needed to reproduce dust optical depth using dust-related products retrieved from satellite and ground-based observations and show that it reproduces the spatial distribution and seasonal variability of atmospheric dust well.
Alvaro Criado, Jan Mateu Armengol, Hervé Petetin, Daniel Rodriguez-Rey, Jaime Benavides, Marc Guevara, Carlos Pérez García-Pando, Albert Soret, and Oriol Jorba
Geosci. Model Dev., 16, 2193–2213, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-2193-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-2193-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This work aims to derive and evaluate a general statistical post-processing tool specifically designed for the street scale that can be applied to any urban air quality system. Our data fusion methodology corrects NO2 fields based on continuous hourly observations and experimental campaigns. This study enables us to obtain exceedance probability maps of air quality standards. In 2019, 13 % of the Barcelona area had a 70 % or higher probability of exceeding the annual legal NO2 limit of 40 µg/m3.
Hervé Petetin, Marc Guevara, Steven Compernolle, Dene Bowdalo, Pierre-Antoine Bretonnière, Santiago Enciso, Oriol Jorba, Franco Lopez, Albert Soret, and Carlos Pérez García-Pando
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 3905–3935, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-3905-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-3905-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This study analyses the potential of the TROPOMI space sensor for monitoring the variability of NO2 pollution over the Iberian Peninsula. A reduction of NO2 levels is observed during the weekend and in summer, especially over most urbanized areas, in agreement with surface observations. An enhancement of NO2 is found during summer with TROPOMI over croplands, potentially related to natural soil NO emissions, which illustrates the outstanding value of TROPOMI for complementing surface networks.
Agnesh Panta, Konrad Kandler, Andres Alastuey, Cristina González-Flórez, Adolfo González-Romero, Martina Klose, Xavier Querol, Cristina Reche, Jesús Yus-Díez, and Carlos Pérez García-Pando
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 3861–3885, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-3861-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-3861-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Desert dust is a major aerosol component of the Earth system and affects the climate. Dust properties are influenced by particle size, mineralogy, shape, and mixing state. This work characterizes freshly emitted individual mineral dust particles from a major source region using electron microscopy. Our new insights into critical particle-specific information will contribute to better constraining climate models that consider mineralogical variations in their representation of the dust cycle.
Zhao-Yue Chen, Raul Méndez, Hervé Petetin, Aleksander Lacima, Carlos Pérez García-Pando, and Joan Ballester
Earth Syst. Sci. Data Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2023-104, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2023-104, 2023
Preprint withdrawn
Short summary
Short summary
Given in the limitations of existing AOD and its size fraction information, a new 18-year daily Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) dataset over Europe has been developed based on quantile machine learning (QML) models. This dataset improves the ability to monitor and analyse fine-mode and coarse-mode aerosols. They provide better tools to investigate negatively affect human health and have impacts on climate, visibility, and biogeochemical cycling.
Marios Chatziparaschos, Nikos Daskalakis, Stelios Myriokefalitakis, Nikos Kalivitis, Athanasios Nenes, María Gonçalves Ageitos, Montserrat Costa-Surós, Carlos Pérez García-Pando, Medea Zanoli, Mihalis Vrekoussis, and Maria Kanakidou
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 1785–1801, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-1785-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-1785-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Ice formation is enabled by ice-nucleating particles (INP) at higher temperatures than homogeneous formation and can profoundly affect the properties of clouds. Our global model results show that K-feldspar is the most important contributor to INP concentrations globally, affecting mid-level mixed-phase clouds. However, quartz can significantly contribute and dominates the lowest and the highest altitudes of dust-derived INP, affecting mainly low-level and high-level mixed-phase clouds.
Hervé Petetin, Dene Bowdalo, Pierre-Antoine Bretonnière, Marc Guevara, Oriol Jorba, Jan Mateu Armengol, Margarida Samso Cabre, Kim Serradell, Albert Soret, and Carlos Pérez Garcia-Pando
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 11603–11630, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-11603-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-11603-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This study investigates the extent to which ozone forecasts provided by the Copernicus Atmospheric Monitoring Service (CAMS) can be improved using surface observations and state-of-the-art statistical methods. Through a case study over the Iberian Peninsula in 2018–2019, it unambiguously demonstrates the value of these methods for improving the raw CAMS O3 forecasts while at the same time highlighting the complexity of improving the detection of the highest O3 concentrations.
Philippe Thunis, Alain Clappier, Enrico Pisoni, Bertrand Bessagnet, Jeroen Kuenen, Marc Guevara, and Susana Lopez-Aparicio
Geosci. Model Dev., 15, 5271–5286, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-15-5271-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-15-5271-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
In this work, we propose a screening method to improve the quality of emission inventories, which are responsible for large uncertainties in air-quality modeling. The first step of screening consists of keeping only emission contributions that are relevant enough. In a second step, the method identifies large differences that provide evidence of methodological divergence or errors. We used the approach to compare two versions of the CAMS-REG European-scale inventory over 150 European cities.
Enza Di Tomaso, Jerónimo Escribano, Sara Basart, Paul Ginoux, Francesca Macchia, Francesca Barnaba, Francesco Benincasa, Pierre-Antoine Bretonnière, Arnau Buñuel, Miguel Castrillo, Emilio Cuevas, Paola Formenti, María Gonçalves, Oriol Jorba, Martina Klose, Lucia Mona, Gilbert Montané Pinto, Michail Mytilinaios, Vincenzo Obiso, Miriam Olid, Nick Schutgens, Athanasios Votsis, Ernest Werner, and Carlos Pérez García-Pando
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 2785–2816, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-2785-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-2785-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
MONARCH reanalysis of desert dust aerosols extends the existing observation-based information for mineral dust monitoring by providing 3-hourly upper-air, surface and total column key geophysical variables of the dust cycle over Northern Africa, the Middle East and Europe, at a 0.1° horizontal resolution in a rotated grid, from 2007 to 2016. This work provides evidence of the high accuracy of this data set and its suitability for air quality and health and climate service applications.
Marc Guevara, Hervé Petetin, Oriol Jorba, Hugo Denier van der Gon, Jeroen Kuenen, Ingrid Super, Jukka-Pekka Jalkanen, Elisa Majamäki, Lasse Johansson, Vincent-Henri Peuch, and Carlos Pérez García-Pando
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 2521–2552, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-2521-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-2521-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
To control the spread of the COVID-19 disease, European governments implemented mobility restriction measures that resulted in an unprecedented drop in anthropogenic emissions. This work presents a dataset of emission adjustment factors that allows quantifying changes in 2020 European primary emissions per country and pollutant sector at the daily scale. The resulting dataset can be used as input in modelling studies aiming at quantifying the impact of COVID-19 on air quality levels.
Matthew L. Dawson, Christian Guzman, Jeffrey H. Curtis, Mario Acosta, Shupeng Zhu, Donald Dabdub, Andrew Conley, Matthew West, Nicole Riemer, and Oriol Jorba
Geosci. Model Dev., 15, 3663–3689, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-15-3663-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-15-3663-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Progress in identifying complex, mixed-phase physicochemical processes has resulted in an advanced understanding of the evolution of atmospheric systems but has also introduced a level of complexity that few atmospheric models were designed to handle. We present a flexible treatment for multiphase chemical processes for models of diverse scale, from box up to global models. This enables users to build a customized multiphase mechanism that is accessible to a much wider community.
Stelios Myriokefalitakis, Elisa Bergas-Massó, María Gonçalves-Ageitos, Carlos Pérez García-Pando, Twan van Noije, Philippe Le Sager, Akinori Ito, Eleni Athanasopoulou, Athanasios Nenes, Maria Kanakidou, Maarten C. Krol, and Evangelos Gerasopoulos
Geosci. Model Dev., 15, 3079–3120, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-15-3079-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-15-3079-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We here describe the implementation of atmospheric multiphase processes in the EC-Earth Earth system model. We provide global budgets of oxalate, sulfate, and iron-containing aerosols, along with an analysis of the links among atmospheric composition, aqueous-phase processes, and aerosol dissolution, supported by comparison to observations. This work is a first step towards an interactive calculation of the deposition of bioavailable atmospheric iron coupled to the model’s ocean component.
Antonis Gkikas, Emmanouil Proestakis, Vassilis Amiridis, Stelios Kazadzis, Enza Di Tomaso, Eleni Marinou, Nikos Hatzianastassiou, Jasper F. Kok, and Carlos Pérez García-Pando
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 3553–3578, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-3553-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-3553-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We present a comprehensive climatological analysis of dust optical depth (DOD) relying on the MIDAS dataset. MIDAS provides columnar mid-visible (550 nm) DOD at fine spatial resolution (0.1° × 0.1°) over a 15-year period (2003–2017). In the current study, the analysis is performed at various spatial (from regional to global) and temporal (from months to years) scales. More specifically, focus is given to specific regions hosting the major dust sources as well as downwind areas of the planet.
Jerónimo Escribano, Enza Di Tomaso, Oriol Jorba, Martina Klose, Maria Gonçalves Ageitos, Francesca Macchia, Vassilis Amiridis, Holger Baars, Eleni Marinou, Emmanouil Proestakis, Claudia Urbanneck, Dietrich Althausen, Johannes Bühl, Rodanthi-Elisavet Mamouri, and Carlos Pérez García-Pando
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 535–560, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-535-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-535-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We explore the benefits and consistency in adding lidar dust observations in a dust optical depth assimilation. We show that adding lidar data to a dust optical depth assimilation has valuable benefits and the dust analysis improves. We discuss the impact of the narrow satellite footprint of the lidar dust observations on the assimilation.
Michaël Sicard, Oriol Jorba, Jiang Ji Ho, Rebeca Izquierdo, Concepción De Linares, Marta Alarcón, Adolfo Comerón, and Jordina Belmonte
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 17807–17832, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-17807-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-17807-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
This paper investigates the mechanisms involved in the dispersion, structure, and mixing in the vertical column of atmospheric pollen, using observations of pollen concentration obtained at the ground and its stratification in the atmosphere measured by a lidar (laser radar), as well as an atmospheric transport model and a simplified pollen module developed especially for this study. The largest pollen concentration difference between the ground and the layers above is observed during nighttime.
Martina Klose, Oriol Jorba, María Gonçalves Ageitos, Jeronimo Escribano, Matthew L. Dawson, Vincenzo Obiso, Enza Di Tomaso, Sara Basart, Gilbert Montané Pinto, Francesca Macchia, Paul Ginoux, Juan Guerschman, Catherine Prigent, Yue Huang, Jasper F. Kok, Ron L. Miller, and Carlos Pérez García-Pando
Geosci. Model Dev., 14, 6403–6444, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-6403-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-6403-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Mineral soil dust is a major atmospheric airborne particle type. We present and evaluate MONARCH, a model used for regional and global dust-weather prediction. An important feature of the model is that it allows different approximations to represent dust, ranging from more simplified to more complex treatments. Using these different treatments, MONARCH can help us better understand impacts of dust in the Earth system, such as its interactions with radiation.
Twan van Noije, Tommi Bergman, Philippe Le Sager, Declan O'Donnell, Risto Makkonen, María Gonçalves-Ageitos, Ralf Döscher, Uwe Fladrich, Jost von Hardenberg, Jukka-Pekka Keskinen, Hannele Korhonen, Anton Laakso, Stelios Myriokefalitakis, Pirkka Ollinaho, Carlos Pérez García-Pando, Thomas Reerink, Roland Schrödner, Klaus Wyser, and Shuting Yang
Geosci. Model Dev., 14, 5637–5668, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-5637-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-5637-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
This paper documents the global climate model EC-Earth3-AerChem, one of the members of the EC-Earth3 family of models participating in CMIP6. We give an overview of the model and describe in detail how it differs from its predecessor and the other EC-Earth3 configurations. The model's performance is characterized using coupled simulations conducted for CMIP6. The model has an effective equilibrium climate sensitivity of 3.9 °C and a transient climate response of 2.1 °C.
Jasper F. Kok, Adeyemi A. Adebiyi, Samuel Albani, Yves Balkanski, Ramiro Checa-Garcia, Mian Chin, Peter R. Colarco, Douglas S. Hamilton, Yue Huang, Akinori Ito, Martina Klose, Danny M. Leung, Longlei Li, Natalie M. Mahowald, Ron L. Miller, Vincenzo Obiso, Carlos Pérez García-Pando, Adriana Rocha-Lima, Jessica S. Wan, and Chloe A. Whicker
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 8127–8167, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-8127-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-8127-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Desert dust interacts with virtually every component of the Earth system, including the climate system. We develop a new methodology to represent the global dust cycle that integrates observational constraints on the properties and abundance of desert dust with global atmospheric model simulations. We show that the resulting representation of the global dust cycle is more accurate than what can be obtained from a large number of current climate global atmospheric models.
Jasper F. Kok, Adeyemi A. Adebiyi, Samuel Albani, Yves Balkanski, Ramiro Checa-Garcia, Mian Chin, Peter R. Colarco, Douglas S. Hamilton, Yue Huang, Akinori Ito, Martina Klose, Longlei Li, Natalie M. Mahowald, Ron L. Miller, Vincenzo Obiso, Carlos Pérez García-Pando, Adriana Rocha-Lima, and Jessica S. Wan
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 8169–8193, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-8169-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-8169-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The many impacts of dust on the Earth system depend on dust mineralogy, which varies between dust source regions. We constrain the contribution of the world’s main dust source regions by integrating dust observations with global model simulations. We find that Asian dust contributes more and that North African dust contributes less than models account for. We obtain a dataset of each source region’s contribution to the dust cycle that can be used to constrain dust impacts on the Earth system.
Jérôme Barré, Hervé Petetin, Augustin Colette, Marc Guevara, Vincent-Henri Peuch, Laurence Rouil, Richard Engelen, Antje Inness, Johannes Flemming, Carlos Pérez García-Pando, Dene Bowdalo, Frederik Meleux, Camilla Geels, Jesper H. Christensen, Michael Gauss, Anna Benedictow, Svetlana Tsyro, Elmar Friese, Joanna Struzewska, Jacek W. Kaminski, John Douros, Renske Timmermans, Lennart Robertson, Mario Adani, Oriol Jorba, Mathieu Joly, and Rostislav Kouznetsov
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 7373–7394, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-7373-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-7373-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
This study provides a comprehensive assessment of air quality changes across the main European urban areas induced by the COVID-19 lockdown using satellite observations, surface site measurements, and the forecasting system from the Copernicus Atmospheric Monitoring Service (CAMS). We demonstrate the importance of accounting for weather and seasonal variability when calculating such estimates.
Longlei Li, Natalie M. Mahowald, Ron L. Miller, Carlos Pérez García-Pando, Martina Klose, Douglas S. Hamilton, Maria Gonçalves Ageitos, Paul Ginoux, Yves Balkanski, Robert O. Green, Olga Kalashnikova, Jasper F. Kok, Vincenzo Obiso, David Paynter, and David R. Thompson
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 3973–4005, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-3973-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-3973-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
For the first time, this study quantifies the range of the dust direct radiative effect due to uncertainty in the soil mineral abundance using all currently available information. We show that the majority of the estimated direct radiative effect range is due to uncertainty in the simulated mass fractions of iron oxides and thus their soil abundance, which is independent of the model employed. We therefore prove the necessity of considering mineralogy for understanding dust–climate interactions.
Marc Guevara, Oriol Jorba, Carles Tena, Hugo Denier van der Gon, Jeroen Kuenen, Nellie Elguindi, Sabine Darras, Claire Granier, and Carlos Pérez García-Pando
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 13, 367–404, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-367-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-367-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The temporal variability of atmospheric emissions is linked to changes in activity patterns, emission processes and meteorology. Accounting for the change in temporal emission characteristics is a key aspect for modelling the trends of air pollutants. This work presents a dataset of global and European emission temporal profiles to be used for air quality modelling purposes. The profiles were constructed considering the influences of local sociodemographic factors and climatological conditions.
Marc Guevara, Oriol Jorba, Albert Soret, Hervé Petetin, Dene Bowdalo, Kim Serradell, Carles Tena, Hugo Denier van der Gon, Jeroen Kuenen, Vincent-Henri Peuch, and Carlos Pérez García-Pando
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 773–797, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-773-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-773-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Most European countries have imposed lockdowns to combat the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic. Such a socioeconomic disruption has resulted in a sudden drop of atmospheric emissions and air pollution levels. This study quantifies the daily reductions in national emissions and associated levels of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) due to the COVID-19 lockdowns in Europe, by making use of multiple open-access measured activity data as well as artificial intelligence and modelling techniques.
Antonis Gkikas, Emmanouil Proestakis, Vassilis Amiridis, Stelios Kazadzis, Enza Di Tomaso, Alexandra Tsekeri, Eleni Marinou, Nikos Hatzianastassiou, and Carlos Pérez García-Pando
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 14, 309–334, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-309-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-309-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We present the development of the MIDAS (ModIs Dust AeroSol) data set, providing daily dust optical depth (DOD; 550 nm) at a global scale and fine spatial resolution (0.1° x 0.1°) over a 15-year period (2003–2017). It has been developed via the synergy of MODIS-Aqua and MERRA-2 data, while CALIOP and AERONET retrievals are used for its assessment. MIDAS upgrades existing dust observational capabilities, and it is suitable for dust climatological studies, model evaluation, and data assimilation.
Hervé Petetin, Dene Bowdalo, Albert Soret, Marc Guevara, Oriol Jorba, Kim Serradell, and Carlos Pérez García-Pando
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 11119–11141, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-11119-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-11119-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
To control the spread of the COVID-19 coronavirus, the Spanish Government recently implemented a strict lockdown of the population, which strongly reduced the levels of nitrogen dioxide (NO2), one of the most critical air pollutants in Spain. This study quantifies the contribution of the lockdown on these reduced NO2 levels in Spain, taking the confounding effect of meteorology on artificial intelligence techniques into account.
Cited articles
Adebiyi, A., Kok, J. F., Murray, B. J., Ryder, C. L., Stuut, J. B. W., Kahn, R. A., Knippertz, P., Formenti, P., Mahowald, N. M., García-Pando, C. P., Klose, M., Ansmann, A., Samset, B. H., Ito, A., Balkanski, Y., Biagio, C. D., Romanias, M. N., Huang, Y., and Meng, J.: A review of coarse mineral dust in the Earth system, Aeolian Res., 60, 100849, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aeolia.2022.100849, 2023. a
Adebiyi, A. A. and Kok, J. F.: Climate models miss most of the coarse dust in the atmosphere, Sci. Adv., 6, 1–10, https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aaz9507, 2020. a
Athanasopoulou, E., Tombrou, M., Pandis, S. N., and Russell, A. G.: The role of sea-salt emissions and heterogeneous chemistry in the air quality of polluted coastal areas, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 8, 5755–5769, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-8-5755-2008, 2008. a
Badia, A., Jorba, O., Voulgarakis, A., Dabdub, D., García-Pando, C. P., Hilboll, A., Gonçalves, M., and Janjic, Z.: Description and evaluation of the Multiscale Online Nonhydrostatic AtmospheRe CHemistry model (NMMB-MONARCH) version 1.0: gas-phase chemistry at global scale, Geosci. Model Dev, 10, 609–638, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-10-609-2017, 2017. a, b
Bauer, S. E., Balkanski, Y., Schulz, M., Hauglustaine, D. A., and Dentener, F.: Global modeling of heterogeneous chemistry on mineral aerosol surfaces: Influence on tropospheric ozone chemistry and comparison to observations, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 109, 2304, https://doi.org/10.1029/2003JD003868, 2004. a, b, c, d, e
Bauer, S. E., Mishchenko, M. I., Lacis, A. A., Zhang, S., Perlwitz, J., and Metzger, S. M.: Do sulfate and nitrate coatings on mineral dust have important effects on radiative properties and climate modeling?, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 112, 6307, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005JD006977, 2007. a, b, c, d
Bauer, S. E., Tsigaridis, K., and Miller, R.: Significant atmospheric aerosol pollution caused by world food cultivation, Geophys. Res. Lett., 43, 5394–5400, https://doi.org/10.1002/2016GL068354, 2016. a
Bellouin, N., Rae, J., Jones, A., Johnson, C., Haywood, J., and Boucher, O.: Aerosol forcing in the Climate Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) simulations by HadGEM2-ES and the role of ammonium nitrate, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 116, D20206, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011JD016074, 2011. a
Benduhn, F., Schallock, J., and Lawrence, M. G.: Early growth dynamical implications for the steerability of stratospheric solar radiation management via sulfur aerosol particles, Geophys. Res. Lett., 43, 9956–9963, 2016. a
Bergas‐Massó, E., Ageitos, M. G., Myriokefalitakis, S., Miller, R. L., van Noije, T., Sager, P. L., Pinto, G. M., and García‐Pando, C. P.: Pre‐Industrial, Present and Future Atmospheric Soluble Iron Deposition and the Role of Aerosol Acidity and Oxalate Under CMIP6 Emissions, Earth's Future, 11, e2022EF003353, https://doi.org/10.1029/2022ef003353, 2023. a
Betts, A. K. and Miller, M. J.: A new convective adjustment scheme. Part II: Single column tests using GATE wave, BOMEX, ATEX and arctic air-mass data sets, Q. J. Roy. Meteorol. Soc., 112, 693–709, https://doi.org/10.1002/QJ.49711247308, 1986. a
Bian, H., Chin, M., Rodriguez, J. M., Yu, H., Penner, J. E., and Strahan, S.: Sensitivity of aerosol optical thickness and aerosol direct radiative effect to relative humidity, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 2375–2386, https://doi.org/10.5194/ACP-9-2375-2009, 2009. a
Bian, H., Chin, M., Hauglustaine, D. A., Schulz, M., Myhre, G., Bauer, S. E., Lund, M. T., Karydis, V. A., Kucsera, T. L., Pan, X., Pozzer, A., Skeie, R. B., Steenrod, S. D., Sudo, K., Tsigaridis, K., Tsimpidi, A. P., and Tsyro, S. G.: Investigation of global particulate nitrate from the AeroCom phase III experiment, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 12911–12940, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-12911-2017, 2017. a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, i, j, k, l, m, n, o, p, q, r, s
Boucher, O., Randall, D., Artaxo, P., Bretherton, C., Artaxo, P., Bretherton, C., Feingold, G., Forster, P., Kerminen, V.-M., Kondo, Y., Liao, H., Lohmann, U., Rasch, P., Satheesh, S., Sherwood, S., Stevens, B., and Zhang, X.-Y.: Clouds and Aerosols, in: Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis, Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Cambridge University Press, 571–657, https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781107415324.016, 2013. a, b, c
Bowdalo, D., Basart, S., Guevara, M., Jorba, O., Pérez García-Pando, C., Jaimes Palomera, M., Rivera Hernandez, O., Puchalski, M., Gay, D., Klausen, J., Moreno, S., Netcheva, S., and Tarasova, O.: GHOST: a globally harmonised dataset of surface atmospheric composition measurements, Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 4417–4495, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-4417-2024, 2024. a, b
Brodrick, P., Okin, G., Ochoa, F., Thompson, D., Clark, R., Ehlmann, B., Keebler, A., Miller, R., Mohawald, N., Ginoux, P., Garcia-Pando, C., Goncalves, M., and Green, R.: EMIT L3 Aggregated Mineral Spectral Abundance and Uncertainty 0.5 Deg V001, [data set], https://doi.org/10.5067/EMIT/EMITL3ASA.001, 2023. a
Burkholder, J. B., Sander, S. P., Abbatt, J. P. D., Barker, J. R., Cappa, C., Crounse, J. D., Dibble, T. S., Huie, R. E., Kolb, C. E., Kurylo, M. J., Orkin, V. L., Percival, C. J., Wilmouth, D. M., and Wine, P. H.: Chemical kinetics and photochemical data for use in atmospheric studies; evaluation number 19, Pasadena, CA, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 2020, 2020. a
Byun, D.: Dynamically Consistent Formulations in Meteorological and Air Quality Models for Multiscale Atmospheric Studies, Part I: Governing Equations in a Generalized Coordinate System, J. Atmos. Sci., 56, 3789–3807, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(1999)056<3789:DCFIMA>2.0.CO;2, 1999. a
Capaldo, K. P., Pilinis, C., and Pandis, S. N.: A computationally efficient hybrid approach for dynamic gas/aerosol transfer in air quality models, Atmos. Environ., 34, 3617–3627, https://doi.org/10.1016/s1352-2310(00)00092-3, 2000. a, b
Chin, M., Ginoux, P., Kinne, S., Torres, O., Holben, B. N., Duncan, B. N., Martin, R. V., Logan, J. A., Higurashi, A., and Nakajima, T.: Tropospheric Aerosol Optical Thickness from the GOCART Model and Comparisons with Satellite and Sun Photometer Measurements, J. Atmos. Sci., 59, 461–483, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(2002)059<0461:TAOTFT>2.0.CO;2, 2002. a
Crowley, J. N., Ammann, M., Cox, R. A., Hynes, R. G., Jenkin, M. E., Mellouki, A., Rossi, M. J., Troe, J., and Wallington, T. J.: Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Evaluated kinetic and photochemical data for atmospheric chemistry: Volume V-heterogeneous reactions on solid substrates, Atmos. Chem. Phys, 10, 9059–9223, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-9059-2010, 2010. a, b, c
Dassios, K. G. and Pandis, S. N.: The mass accommodation coefficient of ammonium nitrate aerosol, Atmos. Environ., 33, 2993–3003, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1352-2310(99)00079-5, 1999. a
Denier van der Gon, H., Gauss, M., Granier, C., Arellano, S., Benedictow, A., Darras, S., Dellaert, S., Guevara, M., Jalkanen, J.-P., Krueger, K., Kuenen, J., Liaskoni, M., Liousse, C., Markova, J., Perez, A. P., Quack, B., Simpson, D., Sindelarova, K., and Soulie, A.: Documentation of CAMS emission inventory products, Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service, https://doi.org/10.24380/q2si-ti6i, 2023. a
Dentener, F. J., Carmichael, G. R., Zhang, Y., Lelieveld, J., and Crutzen, P. J.: Role of mineral aerosol as a reactive surface in the global troposphere, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 101, 22869–22889, https://doi.org/10.1029/96jd01818, 1996. a, b, c, d
Ek, M. B., Mitchell, K. E., Lin, Y., Rogers, E., Grunmann, P., Koren, V., Gayno, G., and Tarpley, J. D.: Implementation of Noah land surface model advances in the National Centers for Environmental Prediction operational mesoscale Eta model, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 108, 8851, https://doi.org/10.1029/2002JD003296, 2003. a
Emanuel, K. A. and Živković Rothman, M.: Development and Evaluation of a Convection Scheme for Use in Climate Models, J. Atmos. Sci., 56, 1766–1782, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(1999)056<1766:DAEOAC>2.0.CO;2, 1999. a
Fagerli, H., Tsyro, S., Simpson, D., Schulz, M., Gauss, M., Jonson, J. E., Benedictow, A., Wind, P., Ágnes Nyíri, Steensen, B. M., Valiyaveetil, S., Aas, W., Hjellbrekke, A.-G., Solberg, S., Stebel, K., Tørseth, K., Yttri, K. E., Mareckova, K., Wankmüller, R., Pinterits, M., Ullrich, B., Posch, M., van der Gon, H. D., Alastuey, A., and Theys, N.: Transboundary particulate matter, photo-oxidants, acidifying and eutrophying components, EMEP Status Report 2015, https://emep.int/publ/reports/2015/EMEP_Status_Report_1_2015.pdf (last access: 24 April 2025), 2015. a
Fairlie, T. D., Jacob, D. J., Dibb, J. E., Alexander, B., Avery, M. A., van Donkelaar, A., and Zhang, L.: Impact of mineral dust on nitrate, sulfate, and ozone in transpacific Asian pollution plumes, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 3999–4012, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-3999-2010, 2010. a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, i, j, k, l, m, n, o, p, q, r, s, t, u, v
Ferrier, B. S., Jin, Y., Lin, Y., Black, T., Rogers, E., and Dimego, G.: Implementation of a new grid-scale cloud and precipitation scheme in the NCEP Eta model, 15th Conf. on Numerical Weather Prediction, 12–16 August, San Antonio, Texas, 47241, American Meteorological Society, 280–283, 2002. a
Foley, K. M., Roselle, S. J., Appel, K. W., Bhave, P. V., Pleim, J. E., Otte, T. L., Mathur, R., Sarwar, G., Young, J. O., Gilliam, R. C., Nolte, C. G., Kelly, J. T., Gilliland, A. B., and Bash, J. O.: Incremental testing of the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) modeling system version 4.7, Geosci. Model Dev., 3, 205–226, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-3-205-2010, 2010. a
Ginoux, P., Chin, M., Tegen, I., Prospero, J. M., Holben, B., Dubovik, O., and Lin, S. J.: Sources and distributions of dust aerosols simulated with the GOCART model, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 106, 20255–20273, https://doi.org/10.1029/2000JD000053, 2001. a
Ginoux, P., Prospero, J. M., Gill, T. E., Hsu, N. C., and Zhao, M.: Global-scale attribution of anthropogenic and natural dust sources and their emission rates based on MODIS Deep Blue aerosol products, Rev. Geophys., 50, 1–36, https://doi.org/10.1029/2012RG000388, 2012. a
Gonçalves Ageitos, M., Obiso, V., Miller, R. L., Jorba, O., Klose, M., Dawson, M., Balkanski, Y., Perlwitz, J., Basart, S., Di Tomaso, E., Escribano, J., Macchia, F., Montané, G., Mahowald, N. M., Green, R. O., Thompson, D. R., and Pérez García-Pando, C.: Modeling dust mineralogical composition: sensitivity to soil mineralogy atlases and their expected climate impacts, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 8623–8657, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-8623-2023, 2023. a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h
Goodman, A. L.: A laboratory study of the heterogeneous reaction of nitric acid on calcium carbonate particles, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 105, 29053–29064, https://doi.org/10.1029/2000JD900396, 2000. a, b, c
Green, R. O., Mahowald, N. M., Clark, R. N., Ehlmann, B. L., Ginoux, P. A., Kalashnikova, O. V., Miller, R. L., Okin, G., Painter, T. H., Pérez García-Pando, C., Realmuto, V. J., Swayze, G. A., Thompson, D. R., Middleton, E., Guanter, L., Ben Dor, E., and Phillips, B. R.: NASA’s Earth Surface Mineral Dust Source Investigation, in: AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts, vol. 2018, 10–14 December, Washington, D.C., A24D–01, https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018AGUFM.A24D..01G (last access: 24 April 2025), 2018. a
Guenther, A., Karl, T., Harley, P., Wiedinmyer, C., Palmer, P. I., and Geron, C.: Estimates of global terrestrial isoprene emissions using MEGAN (Model of Emissions of Gases and Aerosols from Nature), Atmos. Chem. Phys., 6, 3181–3210, https://doi.org/10.5194/ACP-6-3181-2006, 2006. a
Guerschman, J. P., Scarth, P. F., McVicar, T. R., Renzullo, L. J., Malthus, T. J., Stewart, J. B., Rickards, J. E., and Trevithick, R.: Assessing the effects of site heterogeneity and soil properties when unmixing photosynthetic vegetation, non-photosynthetic vegetation and bare soil fractions from Landsat and MODIS data, Remote Sens. Environ., 161, 12–26, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2015.01.021, 2015. a
Guevara, M., Tena, C., Porquet, M., Jorba, O., and García-Pando, C. P.: HERMESv3, a stand-alone multi-scale atmospheric emission modelling framework-Part 1: Global and regional module, Geosci. Model Dev., 12, 1885–1907, https://doi.org/10.5194/GMD-12-1885-2019, 2019. a, b
Guevara, M., Jorba, O., Tena, C., Denier van der Gon, H., Kuenen, J., Elguindi, N., Darras, S., Granier, C., and Pérez García-Pando, C.: Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service TEMPOral profiles (CAMS-TEMPO): global and European emission temporal profile maps for atmospheric chemistry modelling, Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 13, 367–404, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-367-2021, 2021. a
Guimbaud, C., Arens, F., Gutzwiller, L., Gäggeler, H. W., and Ammann, M.: Uptake of HNO3 to deliquescent sea-salt particles: A study using the short-lived radioactive isotope tracer 13N, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 2, 249–257, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2-249-2002, 2002. a, b
Hanisch, F. and Crowley, J. N.: Heterogeneous reactivity of NO and HNO3 on mineral dust in the presence of ozone, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 5, 883–887, https://doi.org/10.1039/b211503d, 2003. a, b
Hauglustaine, D. A., Balkanski, Y., and Schulz, M.: A global model simulation of present and future nitrate aerosols and their direct radiative forcing of climate, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 11031–11063, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-11031-2014, 2014. a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, i, j, k, l, m, n, o, p, q, r, s, t, u, v, w, x, y, z, aa, ab, ac, ad, ae, af, ag, ah
Herich, H., Tritscher, T., Wiacek, A., Gysel, M., Weingartner, E., Lohmann, U., Baltensperger, U., and Cziczo, D. J.: Water uptake of clay and desert dust aerosol particles at sub- and supersaturated water vapor conditions, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 11, 7804–7809, https://doi.org/10.1039/b901585j, 2009.
Hersbach, H., Bell, B., Berrisford, P., Biavati, G., Horányi, A., Muñoz Sabater, J., Nicolas, J., Peubey, C., Radu, R., Rozum, I., Schepers, D., Simmons, A., Soci, C., Dee, D., and Thépaut, J.-N.: ERA5 hourly data on single levels from 1940 to present, Climate Data Store, https://doi.org/10.24381/cds.adbb2d47, 2023. a
Hsu, N. C., Tsay, S.-C., King, M. D., and Herman, J. R.: Aerosol properties over bright-reflecting source regions, IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens., 42, 557–569, https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2004.824067, 2004. a
Iacono, M. J., Delamere, J. S., Mlawer, E. J., Shephard, M. W., Clough, S. A., and Collins, W. D.: Radiative forcing by long-lived greenhouse gases: Calculations with the AER radiative transfer models, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 113, 13103, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008JD009944, 2008. a
Jaeglé, L., Quinn, P. K., Bates, T. S., Alexander, B., and Lin, J. T.: Global distribution of sea salt aerosols: New constraints from in situ and remote sensing observations, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 3137–3157, https://doi.org/10.5194/ACP-11-3137-2011, 2011. a
Janjic, Z.: Nonlinear Advection Schemes and Energy Cascade on Semi-Staggered Grids, AMS, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0493(1984)112<1234:NASAEC>2.0.CO;2, 1984. a
Janjic, Z. and Gall, R.: Scientific Documentation of the NCEP Nonhydrostatic Multiscale Model on the B grid (NMMB), Part 1: Dynamics, University Corporation for Atmospheric Research, https://doi.org/10.5065/D6WH2MZX, 2012. a, b
Janjic, Z. I.: The Mellor-Yamada level 2.5 turbulence closure scheme in the NCEP Eta Model, American Meteorological Society, 354–355, 1996. a
Janjić, Z. I.: Comments on “Development and Evaluation of a Convection Scheme for Use in Climate Models”, J. Atmos. Sci., 57, 3686–3686, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(2000)057<3686:CODAEO>2.0.CO;2, 2000. a
Janjić, Z. I.: Nonsingular Implementation of the Mellor-Yamada Level 2.5 Scheme in the NCEP Meso model, NCEP Office Note; 437, https://repository.library.noaa.gov/view/noaa/11409 (last access: 24 April 2025), 2001. a
Jones, A. C., Hill, A., Remy, S., Abraham, N. L., Dalvi, M., Hardacre, C., Hewitt, A. J., Johnson, B., Mulcahy, J. P., and Turnock, S. T.: Exploring the sensitivity of atmospheric nitrate concentrations to nitric acid uptake rate using the Met Office's Unified Model, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 15901–15927, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-15901-2021, 2021. a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, i, j, k, l, m, n, o, p, q, r, s, t, u, v
Jorba, O., Dabdub, D., Blaszczak-Boxe, C., Pérez, C., Janjic, Z., Baldasano, J. M., Spada, M., Badia, A., and Gonçalves, M.: Potential significance of photoexcited NO2 on global air quality with the NMMB/BSC chemical transport model, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 117, 13301, https://doi.org/10.1029/2012JD017730, 2012. a
Jordan, C. E., Dibb, J. E., Anderson, B. E., and Fuelberg, H. E.: Uptake of nitrate and sulfate on dust aerosols during TRACE-P, J. Geophys. Res., 108, 8817, https://doi.org/10.1029/2002JD003101, 2003. a, b
Kaiser, J. W., Heil, A., Andreae, M. O., Benedetti, A., Chubarova, N., Jones, L., Morcrette, J.-J., Razinger, M., Schultz, M. G., Suttie, M., and Werf, G. R. V. D.: Biomass burning emissions estimated with a global fire assimilation system based on observed fire radiative power, Biogeosciences, 9, 527–554, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-9-527-2012, 2012. a
Karydis, V. A., Tsimpidi, A. P., Pozzer, A., and Lelieveld, J.: How alkaline compounds control atmospheric aerosol particle acidity, Atmos. Chem. Phys, 21, 14983–15001, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-14983-2021, 2021. a, b
Klose, M., Jorba, O., Ageitos, M. G., Escribano, J., Dawson, M. L., Obiso, V., Tomaso, E. D., Basart, S., Pinto, G. M., Macchia, F., Ginoux, P., Guerschman, J., Prigent, C., Huang, Y., Kok, J. F., Miller, R. L., and García-Pando, C. P.: Mineral dust cycle in the Multiscale Online Nonhydrostatic AtmospheRe CHemistry model (MONARCH) Version 2.0, Geosci. Model Dev, 14, 6403–6444, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-6403-2021, 2021. a, b, c, d
Krueger, B. J., Grassian, V. H., Laskin, A., and Cowin, J. P.: The transformation of solid atmospheric particles into liquid droplets through heterogeneous chemistry: Laboratory insights into the processing of calcium containing mineral dust aerosol in the troposphere, Geophys. Res. Lett., 30, 1148, https://doi.org/10.1029/2002GL016563, 2003. a, b, c
Lana, A., Bell, T. G., Simó, R., Vallina, S. M., Ballabrera-Poy, J., Kettle, A. J., Dachs, J., Bopp, L., Saltzman, E. S., Stefels, J., Johnson, J. E., and Liss, P. S.: An updated climatology of surface dimethlysulfide concentrations and emission fluxes in the global ocean, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 25, GB1004, https://doi.org/10.1029/2010GB003850, 2011. a
Li, J., Wang, Z., Zhuang, G., Luo, G., Sun, Y., and Wang, Q.: Mixing of Asian mineral dust with anthropogenic pollutants over East Asia: A model case study of a super-duststorm in March 2010, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 7591–7607, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-7591-2012, 2012. a, b, c
Li, W. J. and Shao, L. Y.: Observation of nitrate coatings on atmospheric mineral dust particles, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 1863–1871, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-1863-2009, 2009. a, b
Li, X., Yu, Z., Yue, M., Liu, Y., Huang, K., Chi, X., Nie, W., Ding, A., Dong, X., and Wang, M.: Impact of mineral dust photocatalytic heterogeneous chemistry on the formation of the sulfate and nitrate: A modelling study over East Asia, Atmos. Environ., 316, 120166, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2023.120166, 2024. a, b
Li, Y., Schichtel, B. A., Walker, J. T., Schwede, D. B., Chen, X., Lehmann, C. M., Puchalski, M. A., Gay, D. A., and Collett, J. L.: Increasing importance of deposition of reduced nitrogen in the United States, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 113, 5874–5879, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1525736113, 2016. a
Liao, H., Adams, P. J., Chung, S. H., Seinfeld, J. H., Mickley, L. J., and Jacob, D. J.: Interactions between tropospheric chemistry and aerosols in a unified general circulation model, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 108, 4001, https://doi.org/10.1029/2001jd001260, 2003. a, b
Liu, T. and Abbatt, J. P. D.: Oxidation of sulfur dioxide by nitrogen dioxide accelerated at the interface of deliquesced aerosol particles, Nat. Chem., 13, 1173–1177, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41557-021-00777-0, 2021. a
Liu, Y., Gibson, E. R., Cain, J. P., Wang, H., Grassian, V. H., and Laskin, A.: Kinetics of heterogeneous reaction of CaCO3 particles with gaseous HNO3 over a wide range of humidity, J. Phys. Chem. A, 112, 1561–1571, https://doi.org/10.1021/jp076169h, 2008. a, b
Liu, Y., Zhan, J., Zheng, F., Song, B., Zhang, Y., Ma, W., Hua, C., Xie, J., Bao, X., Yan, C., Bianchi, F., Petäjä, T., Ding, A., Song, Y., He, H., and Kulmala, M.: Dust emission reduction enhanced gas-to-particle conversion of ammonia in the North China Plain, Nat. Commun., 13, 6887, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-34733-4, 2022. a
Luo, G., Yu, F., and Schwab, J.: Revised treatment of wet scavenging processes dramatically improves GEOS-Chem 12.0.0 simulations of surface nitric acid, nitrate, and ammonium over the United States, Geosci. Model Dev., 12, 3439–3447, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-12-3439-2019, 2019. a
Lurmann, F. W., Wexler, A. S., Pandis, S. N., Musarra, S., Kumar, N., and Seinfeld, J. H.: Modelling urban and regional aerosols – II. Application to California's South Coast Air Basin, Atmos. Environ., 31, 2695–2715, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1352-2310(97)00100-3, 1997. a, b
Ma, Q., Zhong, C., Ma, J., Ye, C., Zhao, Y., Liu, Y., Zhang, P., Chen, T., Liu, C., Chu, B., and He, H.: Comprehensive Study about the Photolysis of Nitrates on Mineral Oxides, Environ. Sci. Technol., 55, 8604–8612, 2021. a
Mahowald, N., Albani, S., Kok, J. F., Engelstaeder, S., Scanza, R., Ward, D. S., and Flanner, M. G.: The size distribution of desert dust aerosols and its impact on the Earth system, Aeolian Res., 15, 53–71, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aeolia.2013.09.002, 2014. a
Mashburn, C. D., Frinak, E. K., and Tolbert, M. A.: Heterogeneous uptake of nitric acid on Na-montmorillonite clay as a function of relative humidity, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 111, D15213, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005JD006525, 2006. a
Meng, Z. and Seinfeld, J. H.: Time scales to achieve atmospheric gas-aerosol equilibrium for volatile species, Atmos. Environ., 30, 2889–2900, https://doi.org/10.1016/1352-2310(95)00493-9, 1996. a
Metzger, S., Dentener, F., Pandis, S., and Lelieveld, J.: Gas/aerosol partitioning: 1. A computationally efficient model, J. Geophys. Res., 107, 4312, https://doi.org/10.1029/2001JD001102, 2002. a, b
Milousis, A., Tsimpidi, A. P., Tost, H., Pandis, S. N., Nenes, A., Kiendler-Scharr, A., and Karydis, V. A.: Implementation of the ISORROPIA-lite aerosol thermodynamics model into the EMAC chemistry climate model (based on MESSy v2.55): implications for aerosol composition and acidity, Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 1111–1131, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-1111-2024, 2024. a, b, c
Möhler, O., Field, P. R., Connolly, P., Benz, S., Saathoff, H., Schnaiter, M., Wagner, R., Cotton, R., Krämer, M., Mangold, A., and Heymsfield, A. J.: Efficiency of the deposition mode ice nucleation on mineral dust particles, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 6, 3007–3021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-6-3007-2006, 2006.
Monin, A. S. and Obukhov, A. M.: Basic laws of turbulent mixing in the surface layer of the atmosphere, in: Tr. Akad. Nauk SSSR Geophiz. Inst, Vol. 24, 163–187, 1954. a
Myhre, G., Grini, A., and Metzger, S.: Modelling of nitrate and ammonium-containing aerosols in presence of sea salt, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 6, 4809–4821, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-6-4809-2006, 2006. a, b, c, d
Navarro-Barboza, H., Pandolfi, M., Guevara, M., Enciso, S., Tena, C., Via, M., Yus-Díez, J., Reche, C., Pérez, N., Alastuey, A., Querol, X., and Jorba, O.: Uncertainties in source allocation of carbonaceous aerosols in a Mediterranean region, Environ. Int., 183, 108252, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2023.108252, 2024. a, b
Nenes, A., Pandis, S. N., and Pilinis, C.: ISORROPIA: A New Thermodynamic Equilibrium Model for Multiphase Multicomponent Inorganic Aerosols, Aquat. Geochem., 4, 123–152, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1009604003981, 1998. a
Pai, S. J., Heald, C. L., Pierce, J. R., Farina, S. C., Marais, E. A., Jimenez, J. L., Campuzano-Jost, P., Nault, B. A., Middlebrook, A. M., Coe, H., Shilling, J. E., Bahreini, R., Dingle, J. H., and Vu, K.: An evaluation of global organic aerosol schemes using airborne observations, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 2637–2665, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-2637-2020, 2020. a
Paulot, F., Ginoux, P., Cooke, W. F., Donner, L. J., Fan, S., Lin, M.-Y., Mao, J., Naik, V., and Horowitz, L. W.: Sensitivity of nitrate aerosols to ammonia emissions and to nitrate chemistry: implications for present and future nitrate optical depth, Atmos. Chem. Phys, 16, 1459–1477, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-1459-2016, 2016. a, b, c, d, e
Phadnis, M. J. and Carmichael, G. R.: Numerical investigation of the influence of mineral dust on the tropospheric chemistry of east Asia, J. Atmos. Chem., 36, 285–323, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1006391626069, 2000. a, b, c
Pratte, P. and Rossi, M. J.: Nitric acid uptake on NaCl and sea salt aerosol at relative humidities in the range 2.8 to 25 % at ambient temperature, 1–22, https://doi.org/10.13140/2.1.2053.4562, 2006. a
Pringle, K. J., Tost, H., Message, S., Steil, B., Giannadaki, D., Nenes, A., Fountoukis, C., Stier, P., Vignati, E., and Lelieveld, J.: Description and evaluation of GMXe: A new aerosol submodel for global simulations (v1), Geosci. Model Dev., 3, 391–412, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-3-391-2010, 2010. a, b, c, d, e
Pérez, C., Haustein, K., Janjic, Z., Jorba, O., Huneeus, N., Baldasano, J. M., Black, T., Basart, S., Nickovic, S., Miller, R. L., Perlwitz, J. P., Schulz, M., and Thomson, M.: Atmospheric dust modeling from meso to global scales with the online NMMB/BSC-Dust model – Part 1: Model description, annual simulations and evaluation, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 13001–13027, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-13001-2011, 2011. a, b
Rea, D. K.: The paleoclimatic record provided by eolian deposition in the deep sea: The geologic history of wind, Rev. Geophys., 32, 159–195, https://doi.org/10.1029/93RG03257, 1994. a
Riemer, N., Vogel, H., Vogel, B., Schell, B., Ackermann, I., Kessler, C., and Hass, H.: Impact of the heterogeneous hydrolysis of N2O5 on chemistry and nitrate aerosol formation in the lower troposphere under photosmog conditions, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 108, 4144, https://doi.org/10.1029/2002JD002436, 2003. a, b, c
Riemer, N., Ault, A. P., West, M., Craig, R. L., and Curtis, J. H.: Aerosol Mixing State: Measurements, Modeling, and Impacts, Rev. Geophys., 57, 187–249, https://doi.org/10.1029/2018RG000615, 2019. a, b
Rémy, S., Kipling, Z., Flemming, J., Boucher, O., Nabat, P., Michou, M., Bozzo, A., Ades, M., Huijnen, V., Benedetti, A., Engelen, R., Peuch, V.-H., and Morcrette, J.-J.: Description and evaluation of the tropospheric aerosol scheme in the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) Integrated Forecasting System (IFS-AER, cycle 45R1), Geosci. Model Dev., 12, 4627–4659, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-12-4627-2019, 2019. a
Rémy, S., Kipling, Z., Huijnen, V., Flemming, J., Nabat, P., Michou, M., Ades, M., Engelen, R., and Peuch, V. H.: Description and evaluation of the tropospheric aerosol scheme in the Integrated Forecasting System (IFS-AER, cycle 47R1) of ECMWF, Geosci. Model Dev., 15, 4881–4912, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-15-4881-2022, 2022. a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, i, j, k, l
Saul, T. D., Tolocka, M. P., and Johnston, M. V.: Reactive uptake of nitric acid onto sodium chloride aerosols across a wide range of relative humidities, J. Phys. Chem. A, 110, 7614–7620, https://doi.org/10.1021/jp060639a, 2006. a, b
Seinfeld, J. H. and Pandis, S. N.: Atmos. Chem. Phys.: From Air Pollution to Climate Change, Environment: Science and Policy for Sustainable Development, 40, 26, https://doi.org/10.1080/00139157.1999.10544295, 1998. a
Semeniuk, K. and Dastoor, A.: Current state of atmospheric aerosol thermodynamics and mass transfer modeling: A review, Atmosphere, 11, 1–71, https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos11020156, 2020. a
Song, C. H. and Carmichael, G. R.: A three-dimensional modeling investigation of the evolution processes of dust and sea-salt particles in east Asia, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 106, 18131–18154, https://doi.org/10.1029/2000JD900352, 2001. a, b, c
Song, C. H., Kim, C. M., Lee, Y. J., Carmichael, G. R., Lee, B. K., and Lee, D. S.: An evaluation of reaction probabilities of sulfate and nitrate precursors onto East Asian dust particles, J. Geophys. Res, 112, 18206, https://doi.org/10.1029/2006JD008092, 2007. a
Song, S., Gao, M., Xu, W., Shao, J., Shi, G., Wang, S., Wang, Y., Sun, Y., and McElroy, M. B.: Fine-particle pH for Beijing winter haze as inferred from different thermodynamic equilibrium models, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 7423–7438, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-7423-2018, 2018. a
Soulie, A., Granier, C., Darras, S., Zilbermann, N., Doumbia, T., Guevara, M., Jalkanen, J. P., Keita, S., Liousse, C., Crippa, M., Guizzardi, D., Hoesly, R., and Smith, S. J.: Global anthropogenic emissions (CAMS-GLOB-ANT) for the Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service simulations of air quality forecasts and reanalyses, Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 2261–2279, https://doi.org/10.5194/ESSD-16-2261-2024, 2024. a
Sousse, R.: “A Comprehensive Global Modelling Assessment of Nitrate Heterogeneous Formation on Desert Dust”: Column loads monthly means per species, Zenodo [data set], https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12789730, 2024. a
Spada, M.: Development and evaluation of an atmospheric aerosol module implemented within the NMMB/BSC-CTM, Ph.D. thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, http://hdl.handle.net/2117/95991 (last access: 24 April 2025), 2015. a
Spada, M., Jorba, O., García-Pando, C. P., Janjic, Z., and Baldasano, J. M.: Modeling and evaluation of the global sea-salt aerosol distribution: Sensitivity to emission schemes and resolution effects at coastal/orographic sites, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 11735–11755, https://doi.org/10.5194/ACP-13-11735-2013, 2013. a, b, c
Sulprizio, M.: Chemistry instability introduced by ISORROPIA v2.2, http://wiki.seas.harvard.edu/geos-chem/index.php/ISORROPIA_II#Chemistry_instability_introduced_by_ISORROPIA_v2.2 (last access: 24 April 2025), 2022. a
Suman, A., Zanini, N., Vulpio, A., and Pinelli, M.: Apparatus and methods for the calibration and correction of a polydispersed dust feeding system applied in multiphase flow experiments, Exp. Therm. Fluid Sci., 151, 111074, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.expthermflusci.2023.111074, 2024.
Thompson, D., Green, R., Bradley, C., Brodrick, P., Mahowald, N., Ben-Dor, E., Bennett, M., Bernas, M., Carmon, N., Chadwick, K. D., Clark, R., Coleman, R., Cox, E., Diaz, E., Eastwood, M., Eckert, R., Ehlmann, B., Ginoux, P., Gonçalves Ageitos, M., and Zandbergen, S.: On-orbit calibration and performance of the EMIT imaging spectrometer, Remote Sens. Environ., 303, 113986, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2023.113986, 2024. a
Tolocka, M. P., Saul, T. D., and Johnston, M. V.: Reactive Uptake of Nitric Acid into Aqueous Sodium Chloride Droplets Using Real-Time Single-Particle Mass Spectrometry, J. Phys. Chem. A, 108, 2659–2665, https://doi.org/10.1021/jp036612y, 2004. a, b
Trump, E. R., Fountoukis, C., Donahue, N. M., and Pandis, S. N.: Improvement of simulation of fine inorganic PM levels through better descriptions of coarse particle chemistry, Atmos. Environ., 102, 274–281, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2014.11.059, 2015. a, b, c
Uno, I., Wang, Z., Itahashi, S., Yumimoto, K., Yamamura, Y., Yoshino, A., Takami, A., Hayasaki, M., and Kim, B.-G. G.: Paradigm shift in aerosol chemical composition over regions downwind of China, Sci. Rep., 10, 1–11, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-63592-6, 2020. a, b
Vignati, E., Wilson, J., and Stier, P.: M7: An efficient size-resolved aerosol microphysics module for large-scale aerosol transport models, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 109, D22202, https://doi.org/10.1029/2003JD004485, 2004. a
Vlasenko, A., Huthwelker, T., Gäggeler, H. W., and Ammann, M.: Kinetics of the heterogeneous reaction of nitric acid with mineral dust particles: An aerosol flowtube study, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 11, 7921–7930, https://doi.org/10.1039/b904290n, 2009. a, b, c
Wang, Z., Pan, X., Uno, I., Li, J., Wang, Z., Chen, X., Fu, P., Yang, T., Kobayashi, H., Shimizu, A., Sugimoto, N., and Yamamoto, S.: Significant impacts of heterogeneous reactions on the chemical composition and mixing state of dust particles: A case study during dust events over northern China, Atmos. Environ., 159, 83–91, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2017.03.044, 2017. a
Wesely, M.: Parameterization of surface resistances to gaseous dry deposition in regional-scale numerical models, Atmos. Environ., 23, 1293–1304, https://doi.org/10.1016/0004-6981(89)90153-4, 1989. a
Wexler, A. S. and Seinfeld, J. H.: The distribution of ammonium salts among a size and composition dispersed aerosol, Atmos. Environ. Pt. A., 24, 1231–1246, https://doi.org/10.1016/0960-1686(90)90088-5, 1990. a
Whitten, G. Z., Heo, G., Kimura, Y., McDonald-Buller, E., Allen, D. T., Carter, W. P., and Yarwood, G.: A new condensed toluene mechanism for Carbon Bond: CB05-TU, Atmos. Environ., 44, 5346–5355, https://doi.org/10.1016/J.ATMOSENV.2009.12.029, 2010. a
Wild, O., Zhu, X., and Prather, M. J.: Fast-J: Accurate Simulation of In- and Below-Cloud Photolysis in Tropospheric Chemical Models, J. Atmos. Chem., 37, 245–282, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1006415919030, 2000. a
Yarwood, G., Rao, S., Yocke, M., and Whitten, G. Z.: Updates to the carbon bond chemical mechanism: CB05 final report to the US EPA, RT-0400675, https://www.regulations.gov/document/EPA-HQ-OAR-2010-0162-3417 (last access: 24 April 2025), 2005. a
Yu, Z., Jang, M., and Park, J.: Modeling atmospheric mineral aerosol chemistry to predict heterogeneous photooxidation of SO2, 17, 10001–10017, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-10001-2017, 2017. a
Yue, Y., Cheng, J., Lee, K. S., Stocker, R., He, X., Yao, M., and Wang, J.: Effects of relative humidity on heterogeneous reaction of SO2 with CaCO3 particles and formation of CaSO4 ⋅ 2H2O crystal as secondary aerosol, Atmos. Environ., 268, 118776, https://doi.org/10.1016/J.ATMOSENV.2021.118776, 2022. a, b
Zakoura, M. and Pandis, S. N.: Overprediction of aerosol nitrate by chemical transport models: The role of grid resolution, Atmos. Environ., 187, 390–400, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2018.05.066, 2018. a
Zaveri, R. A., Easter, R. C., Fast, J. D., and Peters, L. K.: Model for Simulating Aerosol Interactions and Chemistry (MOSAIC), J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 113, 1–29, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007JD008782, 2008. a, b, c
Zaveri, R. A., Easter, R. C., Singh, B., Wang, H., Lu, Z., Tilmes, S., Emmons, L. K., Vitt, F., Zhang, R., Liu, X., Ghan, S. J., and Rasch, P. J.: Development and Evaluation of Chemistry-Aerosol-Climate Model CAM5-Chem-MAM7-MOSAIC: Global Atmospheric Distribution and Radiative Effects of Nitrate Aerosol, J. Adv. Model. Earth Sy., 13, e2020MS002346, https://doi.org/10.1029/2020MS002346, 2021. a
Zhai, S., Jacob, D. J., Pendergrass, D. C., Colombi, N. K., Shah, V., Yang, L. H., Zhang, Q., Wang, S., Kim, H., Sun, Y., Choi, J.-S., Park, J.-S., Luo, G., Yu, F., Woo, J.-H., Kim, Y., Dibb, J. E., Lee, T., Han, J.-S., Anderson, B. E., Li, K., and Liao, H.: Coarse particulate matter air quality in East Asia: implications for fine particulate nitrate, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 4271–4281, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-4271-2023, 2023. a
Zilitinkevich, S. S.: Bulk characteristics of turbulence in the atmospheric planetary boundary layer, Trudy GGO, 167, 49–52, 1965. a
Short summary
Desert dust forms nitrate coatings as it travels through the atmosphere. However, current models that predict this process vary greatly due to different methods and inaccuracies. We examined how nitrate forms in a global model, focusing on how gases condense on dust, the lifespan of different particles, and the impact of alkalinity. Our findings show that models work best when they consider reversible gas condensation with alkalinity. This should lead to better estimates of climate impacts.
Desert dust forms nitrate coatings as it travels through the atmosphere. However, current models...
Altmetrics
Final-revised paper
Preprint