Articles | Volume 25, issue 6
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-3389-2025
© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-3389-2025
© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
20 Mar 2025
Research article |
| 20 Mar 2025
| 20 Mar 2025
Size-resolved hygroscopicity and volatility properties of ambient urban aerosol particles measured by a volatility hygroscopicity tandem differential mobility analyzer system in Beijing
Aoyuan Yu
State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather Meteorological Science and Technology & Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry of CMA, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
Xiaojing Shen
State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather Meteorological Science and Technology & Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry of CMA, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
Qianli Ma
Lin'an Atmosphere Background National Observation and Research Station, Hangzhou, 311307, China
Jiayuan Lu
State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather Meteorological Science and Technology & Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry of CMA, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
Xinyao Hu
State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather Meteorological Science and Technology & Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry of CMA, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
Yangmei Zhang
State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather Meteorological Science and Technology & Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry of CMA, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather Meteorological Science and Technology & Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry of CMA, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
Linlin Liang
State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather Meteorological Science and Technology & Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry of CMA, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
Lei Liu
State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather Meteorological Science and Technology & Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry of CMA, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
Shuo Liu
State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather Meteorological Science and Technology & Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry of CMA, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
Hongfei Tong
State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather Meteorological Science and Technology & Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry of CMA, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
Huizheng Che
State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather Meteorological Science and Technology & Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry of CMA, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
Xiaoye Zhang
State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather Meteorological Science and Technology & Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry of CMA, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
Junying Sun
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather Meteorological Science and Technology & Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry of CMA, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
Related authors
Xiaojing Shen, Quan Liu, Junying Sun, Wanlin Kong, Qianli Ma, Bing Qi, Lujie Han, Yangmei Zhang, Linlin Liang, Lei Liu, Shuo Liu, Xinyao Hu, Jiayuan Lu, Aoyuan Yu, Huizheng Che, and Xiaoye Zhang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 5711–5725, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-5711-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-5711-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
In this work, an automatic switched inlet system was developed and employed to investigate the aerosols and cloud droplets at a mountain site with frequent cloud processes. It showed different characteristics of cloud residual and interstitial particles. Stronger particle hygroscopicity reduced liquid water content and smaller cloud droplet diameters. This investigation contributes to understanding aerosol–cloud interactions by assessing the impact of aerosol particles on cloud microphysics.
Quan Liu, Xiaojing Shen, Junying Sun, Yangmei Zhang, Bing Qi, Qianli Ma, Lujie Han, Honghui Xu, Xinyao Hu, Jiayuan Lu, Shuo Liu, Aoyuan Yu, Linlin Liang, Qian Gao, Hong Wang, Huizheng Che, and Xiaoye Zhang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 3253–3267, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-3253-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-3253-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Through simultaneous measurements of aerosol particles and fog droplets, the evolution of droplets size distribution during the eight observed fog events was investigated. The results showed that the concentration and size distribution of pre-fog aerosol had significant impacts on fog microphysical characteristics. The extinction of fog interstitial particles played an important role in visibility degradation for light fogs, especially in polluted regions.
Xinyao Hu, Junying Sun, Can Xia, Xiaojing Shen, Yangmei Zhang, Quan Liu, Zhaodong Liu, Sinan Zhang, Jialing Wang, Aoyuan Yu, Jiayuan Lu, Shuo Liu, and Xiaoye Zhang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 5517–5531, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-5517-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-5517-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The simultaneous measurements under dry conditions of aerosol optical properties were conducted at three wavelengths for PM1 and PM10 in urban Beijing from 2018 to 2021. Considerable reductions in aerosol absorption coefficient and increased single scattering albedo demonstrated that absorbing aerosols were more effectively controlled than scattering aerosols due to pollution control measures. The aerosol radiative effect and the transport's impact on aerosol optical properties were analysed.
Wenjie Zhang, Hong Wang, Xiaoye Zhang, Yue Peng, Zhaodong Liu, Deying Wang, Da Zhang, Chen Han, Yang Zhao, Junting Zhong, Wenxing Jia, Huiqiong Ning, and Huizheng Che
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 9005–9030, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-9005-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-9005-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
This study achieves quantifiable subgrid-scale aerosol–cloud interaction in an atmospheric chemistry system, with better performance in terms of meteorology prediction, and further finds that subgrid-scale actual aerosol can somewhat improve overestimated cumulative precipitation during a typical heavy rainfall event, which helps us better understand the impact of subgrid-scale aerosol–cloud interaction on weather forecasts.
Yongzhu Liu, Xiaoye Zhang, Wei Han, Chao Wang, Wenxing Jia, Deying Wang, Zhaorong Zhuang, and Xueshun Shen
Geosci. Model Dev., 18, 4855–4876, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-4855-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-4855-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
In order to investigate the feedbacks of chemical data assimilation on meteorological forecasts, we developed a strongly coupled aerosol–meteorology four-dimensional variational (4D-Var) assimilation system, CMA-GFS-AERO 4D-Var, based on the framework of the incremental analysis scheme of the China Meteorological Administration Global Forecasting System (CMA-GFS) operational global numerical weather model. The results show that assimilating BC (black carbon) observations can generate analysis increments not only for BC but also for atmospheric variables.
Chunshui Lin, Ru-Jin Huang, Jing Duan, Jing Qu, Jiahua Liu, Yi Liu, Yan Luo, Wei Huang, Wei Xu, Yanan Zhan, Zhitao Liu, Sihan Liu, Qingshuang Zhang, Quan Liu, Zirui Liu, Shengrong Lou, Huinan Yang, Dan Dan Huang, Cheng Huang, and Hongli Wang
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-2521, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-2521, 2025
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (ACP).
Short summary
Short summary
Since China's 2013 Clean Air Act cut PM2.5 by over half, winter haze in the North China Plain persists due to secondary organic aerosols now dominating primary pollutants, requiring urgent regional cooperation to address model-underestimated chemical transformations and cross-border pollution.
Xiaojing Shen, Quan Liu, Junying Sun, Wanlin Kong, Qianli Ma, Bing Qi, Lujie Han, Yangmei Zhang, Linlin Liang, Lei Liu, Shuo Liu, Xinyao Hu, Jiayuan Lu, Aoyuan Yu, Huizheng Che, and Xiaoye Zhang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 5711–5725, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-5711-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-5711-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
In this work, an automatic switched inlet system was developed and employed to investigate the aerosols and cloud droplets at a mountain site with frequent cloud processes. It showed different characteristics of cloud residual and interstitial particles. Stronger particle hygroscopicity reduced liquid water content and smaller cloud droplet diameters. This investigation contributes to understanding aerosol–cloud interactions by assessing the impact of aerosol particles on cloud microphysics.
Zhenyu Zhang, Jing Li, Huizheng Che, Yueming Dong, Oleg Dubovik, Thomas Eck, Pawan Gupta, Brent Holben, Jhoon Kim, Elena Lind, Trailokya Saud, Sachchida Nand Tripathi, and Tong Ying
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 4617–4637, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-4617-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-4617-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
We used ground-based remote sensing data from the Aerosol Robotic Network to examine long-term trends in aerosol characteristics. We found aerosol loadings generally decreased globally, and aerosols became more scattering. These changes are closely related to variations in aerosol compositions, such as decreased anthropogenic emissions over East Asia, Europe, and North America; increased anthropogenic sources over northern India; and increased dust activity over the Arabian Peninsula.
Quan Liu, Xiaojing Shen, Junying Sun, Yangmei Zhang, Bing Qi, Qianli Ma, Lujie Han, Honghui Xu, Xinyao Hu, Jiayuan Lu, Shuo Liu, Aoyuan Yu, Linlin Liang, Qian Gao, Hong Wang, Huizheng Che, and Xiaoye Zhang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 3253–3267, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-3253-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-3253-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Through simultaneous measurements of aerosol particles and fog droplets, the evolution of droplets size distribution during the eight observed fog events was investigated. The results showed that the concentration and size distribution of pre-fog aerosol had significant impacts on fog microphysical characteristics. The extinction of fog interstitial particles played an important role in visibility degradation for light fogs, especially in polluted regions.
Lijing Chen, Lei Zhang, Yong She, Zhaoliang Zeng, Yu Zheng, Biao Tian, Wenqian Zhang, Zhaohui Liu, Huizheng Che, and Minghu Ding
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 727–739, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-727-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-727-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Aerosol optical depth (AOD) at Zhongshan Station varies seasonally, with lower values in summer and higher values in winter. Winter and spring AOD increases due to reduced fine-mode particles, while summer and autumn increases are linked to particle growth. Diurnal AOD variation correlates positively with temperature but negatively with wind speed and humidity. Backward trajectories show that aerosols on high-AOD (low-AOD) days primarily originate from the ocean (interior Antarctica).
Xuan Wang, Lei Bi, Hong Wang, Yaqiang Wang, Wei Han, Xueshun Shen, and Xiaoye Zhang
Geosci. Model Dev., 18, 117–139, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-117-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-117-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
The Artificial-Intelligence-based Nonspherical Aerosol Optical Scheme (AI-NAOS) was developed to improve the estimation of the aerosol direct radiation effect and was coupled online with a chemical weather model. The AI-NAOS scheme considers black carbon as fractal aggregates and soil dust as super-spheroids, encapsulated with hygroscopic aerosols. Real-case simulations emphasize the necessity of accurately representing nonspherical and inhomogeneous aerosols in chemical weather models.
Lu Zhang, Michal Segal-Rozenhaimer, Haochi Che, Caroline Dang, Junying Sun, Ye Kuang, Paola Formenti, and Steven G. Howell
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 13849–13864, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-13849-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-13849-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Using airborne measurements over the southeast Atlantic Ocean, we examined how much moisture aerosols take up during Africa’s biomass burning season. Our study revealed the important role of organic aerosols and introduced a predictive model for moisture uptake, accounting for organics, sulfate, and black carbon, summarizing results from various campaigns. These findings improve our understanding of aerosol–moisture interactions and their radiative effects in this climatically critical region.
Ziru Lan, Xiaoyi Zhang, Weili Lin, Xiaobin Xu, Zhiqiang Ma, Jun Jin, Lingyan Wu, and Yangmei Zhang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 9355–9368, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-9355-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-9355-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Our study examined the long-term trends of atmospheric ammonia in urban Beijing from 2009 to 2020. We found that the trends did not match satellite data or emission estimates, revealing complexities in ammonia sources. While seasonal variations in ammonia were temperature-dependent, daily variations were correlated with water vapor. We also found an increasing contribution of ammonia reduction, emphasizing its importance in mitigating the effects of fine particulate matter in Beijing.
Wenxin Zhao, Yu Zhao, Yu Zheng, Dong Chen, Jinyuan Xin, Kaitao Li, Huizheng Che, Zhengqiang Li, Mingrui Ma, and Yun Hang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 6593–6612, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-6593-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-6593-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We evaluate the long-term (2000–2020) variabilities of aerosol absorption optical depth, black carbon emissions, and associated health risks in China with an integrated framework that combines multiple observations and modeling techniques. We demonstrate the remarkable emission abatement resulting from the implementation of national pollution controls and show how human activities affected the emissions with a spatiotemporal heterogeneity, thus supporting differentiated policy-making by region.
Jianzhong Xu, Xinghua Zhang, Wenhui Zhao, Lixiang Zhai, Miao Zhong, Jinsen Shi, Junying Sun, Yanmei Liu, Conghui Xie, Yulong Tan, Kemei Li, Xinlei Ge, Qi Zhang, and Shichang Kang
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 1875–1900, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-1875-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-1875-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
A comprehensive aerosol observation project was carried out in the Tibetan Plateau (TP) and its surroundings in recent years to investigate the properties and sources of atmospheric aerosols as well as their regional differences by performing multiple intensive field observations. The release of this dataset can provide basic and systematic data for related research in the atmospheric, cryospheric, and environmental sciences in this unique region.
Jiaqi Wang, Jian Gao, Fei Che, Xin Yang, Yuanqin Yang, Lei Liu, Yan Xiang, and Haisheng Li
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 14715–14733, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-14715-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-14715-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Regional-scale observations of surface O3, PM2.5 and its major chemical species, mixing layer height (MLH), and other meteorological parameters were made in the North China Plain during summer. Unlike the cold season, synchronized increases in MDA8 O3 and PM2.5 under medium MLH conditions have been witnessed. The increasing trend of PM2.5 was associated with enhanced secondary chemical formation. The correlation between MLH and secondary air pollutants should be treated with care in hot seasons.
Wenxing Jia, Xiaoye Zhang, Hong Wang, Yaqiang Wang, Deying Wang, Junting Zhong, Wenjie Zhang, Lei Zhang, Lifeng Guo, Yadong Lei, Jizhi Wang, Yuanqin Yang, and Yi Lin
Geosci. Model Dev., 16, 6833–6856, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-6833-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-6833-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
In addition to the dominant role of the PBL scheme on the results of the meteorological field, many factors in the model are influenced by large uncertainties. This study focuses on the uncertainties that influence numerical simulation results (including horizontal resolution, vertical resolution, near-surface scheme, initial and boundary conditions, underlying surface update, and update of model version), hoping to provide a reference for scholars conducting research on the model.
Wenxing Jia, Xiaoye Zhang, Hong Wang, Yaqiang Wang, Deying Wang, Junting Zhong, Wenjie Zhang, Lei Zhang, Lifeng Guo, Yadong Lei, Jizhi Wang, Yuanqin Yang, and Yi Lin
Geosci. Model Dev., 16, 6635–6670, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-6635-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-6635-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Most current studies on planetary boundary layer (PBL) parameterization schemes are relatively fragmented and lack systematic in-depth analysis and discussion. In this study, we comprehensively evaluate the performance capability of the PBL scheme in five typical regions of China in different seasons from the mechanism of the scheme and the effects of PBL schemes on the near-surface meteorological parameters, vertical structures of the PBL, PBL height, and turbulent diffusion.
Lu Zhang, Michal Segal-Rozenhaimer, Haochi Che, Caroline Dang, Junying Sun, Ye Kuang, and Paola Formenti
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2319, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2319, 2023
Preprint archived
Short summary
Short summary
Our study examined the interaction between atmospheric particles and moisture over the south-eastern Atlantic Ocean during the biomass burning seasons in Africa. We found that organic components of these particles play a more important role in aerosol-moisture interactions than previously expected. This discovery is important as such interactions impact radiation and climate. Current climate models might need better representations of the moisture-absorbing properties of organic aerosols.
Chupeng Zhang, Shangfei Hai, Yang Gao, Yuhang Wang, Shaoqing Zhang, Lifang Sheng, Bin Zhao, Shuxiao Wang, Jingkun Jiang, Xin Huang, Xiaojing Shen, Junying Sun, Aura Lupascu, Manish Shrivastava, Jerome D. Fast, Wenxuan Cheng, Xiuwen Guo, Ming Chu, Nan Ma, Juan Hong, Qiaoqiao Wang, Xiaohong Yao, and Huiwang Gao
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 10713–10730, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-10713-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-10713-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
New particle formation is an important source of atmospheric particles, exerting critical influences on global climate. Numerical models are vital tools to understanding atmospheric particle evolution, which, however, suffer from large biases in simulating particle numbers. Here we improve the model chemical processes governing particle sizes and compositions. The improved model reveals substantial contributions of newly formed particles to climate through effects on cloud condensation nuclei.
Qian Li, Dantong Liu, Xiaotong Jiang, Ping Tian, Yangzhou Wu, Siyuan Li, Kang Hu, Quan Liu, Mengyu Huang, Ruijie Li, Kai Bi, Shaofei Kong, Deping Ding, and Chenjie Yu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 9439–9453, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-9439-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-9439-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
By attributing the shortwave absorption from black carbon, primary organic aerosol and secondary organic aerosol in a suburban environment, we firstly observed that the photochemically produced nitrogen-containing secondary organic aerosol may contribute to the enhancement of brown carbon absorption, partly compensating for some bleaching effect on the absorption of primary organic aerosol, hereby exerting radiative impacts.
Yue Peng, Hong Wang, Xiaoye Zhang, Zhaodong Liu, Wenjie Zhang, Siting Li, Chen Han, and Huizheng Che
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 8325–8339, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-8325-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-8325-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This study demonstrates a strong link between local circulation, aerosol–radiation interaction (ARI), and haze pollution. Under the weak weather-scale systems, the typical local circulation driven by mountainous topography is the main cause of pollutant distribution in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region, and the ARI mechanism amplifies this influence of local circulation on pollutants, making haze pollution aggravated by the superposition of both.
Siting Li, Ping Wang, Hong Wang, Yue Peng, Zhaodong Liu, Wenjie Zhang, Hongli Liu, Yaqiang Wang, Huizheng Che, and Xiaoye Zhang
Geosci. Model Dev., 16, 4171–4191, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-4171-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-4171-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Optimizing the initial state of atmospheric chemistry model input is one of the most essential methods to improve forecast accuracy. Considering the large computational load of the model, we introduce an ensemble optimal interpolation scheme (EnOI) for operational use and efficient updating of the initial fields of chemical components. The results suggest that EnOI provides a practical and cost-effective technique for improving the accuracy of chemical weather numerical forecasts.
Xiaojing Shen, Junying Sun, Huizheng Che, Yangmei Zhang, Chunhong Zhou, Ke Gui, Wanyun Xu, Quan Liu, Junting Zhong, Can Xia, Xinyao Hu, Sinan Zhang, Jialing Wang, Shuo Liu, Jiayuan Lu, Aoyuan Yu, and Xiaoye Zhang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 8241–8257, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-8241-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-8241-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
New particle formation (NPF) events occur when the dust episodes' fade is analysed based on long-term measurement of particle number size distribution. Analysis shows that the observed formation and growth rates are approximately 50 % of and 30 % lower than those of other NPF events. As a consequence of the uptake of precursor gases on mineral dust, the physical and chemical properties of submicron particles, as well as the ability to be cloud condensation nuclei, can be changed.
Xinyao Hu, Junying Sun, Can Xia, Xiaojing Shen, Yangmei Zhang, Quan Liu, Zhaodong Liu, Sinan Zhang, Jialing Wang, Aoyuan Yu, Jiayuan Lu, Shuo Liu, and Xiaoye Zhang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 5517–5531, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-5517-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-5517-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The simultaneous measurements under dry conditions of aerosol optical properties were conducted at three wavelengths for PM1 and PM10 in urban Beijing from 2018 to 2021. Considerable reductions in aerosol absorption coefficient and increased single scattering albedo demonstrated that absorbing aerosols were more effectively controlled than scattering aerosols due to pollution control measures. The aerosol radiative effect and the transport's impact on aerosol optical properties were analysed.
Yifang Gu, Ru-Jin Huang, Jing Duan, Wei Xu, Chunshui Lin, Haobin Zhong, Ying Wang, Haiyan Ni, Quan Liu, Ruiguang Xu, Litao Wang, and Yong Jie Li
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 5419–5433, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-5419-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-5419-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Secondary organic aerosol (SOA) can be produced by various pathways, but its formation mechanisms are unclear. Observations were conducted in the North China Plain during a highly oxidizing atmosphere in summer. We found that fast photochemistry dominated SOA formation during daytime. Two types of aqueous-phase chemistry (nocturnal and daytime processing) take place at high relative humidity. The potential transformation from primary organic aerosol (POA) to SOA was also an important pathway.
Yingfang Li, Zhili Wang, Yadong Lei, Huizheng Che, and Xiaoye Zhang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 2499–2523, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-2499-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-2499-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Since few studies have assessed the impacts of future combined reductions in aerosols, ozone, and their precursors on future climate change, we use models with an interactive representation of tropospheric aerosols and atmospheric chemistry schemes to quantify the impact of their reductions on the Asian climate. Our results suggest that their reductions will exacerbate the warming effect caused by greenhouse gases, increasing future climate extremes and associated population exposure risk.
Wenjie Zhang, Hong Wang, Xiaoye Zhang, Liping Huang, Yue Peng, Zhaodong Liu, Xiao Zhang, and Huizheng Che
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 15207–15221, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-15207-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-15207-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Aerosol–cloud interaction (ACI) is first implemented in the atmospheric chemistry system GRAPES_Meso5.1/CUACE. ACI can improve the simulated cloud, temperature, and precipitation under haze pollution conditions in Jing-Jin-Ji in China. This paper demonstrates the critical role of ACI in current numerical weather prediction over the severely polluted region.
Mengying Li, Shaocai Yu, Xue Chen, Zhen Li, Yibo Zhang, Zhe Song, Weiping Liu, Pengfei Li, Xiaoye Zhang, Meigen Zhang, Yele Sun, Zirui Liu, Caiping Sun, Jingkun Jiang, Shuxiao Wang, Benjamin N. Murphy, Kiran Alapaty, Rohit Mathur, Daniel Rosenfeld, and John H. Seinfeld
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 11845–11866, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-11845-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-11845-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This study constructed an emission inventory of condensable particulate matter (CPM) in China with a focus on organic aerosols (OAs), based on collected CPM emission information. The results show that OA emissions are enhanced twofold for the years 2014 and 2017 after the inclusion of CPM in the new inventory. Sensitivity cases demonstrated the significant contributions of CPM emissions from stationary combustion and mobile sources to primary, secondary, and total OA concentrations.
Jing Duan, Ru-Jin Huang, Yifang Gu, Chunshui Lin, Haobin Zhong, Wei Xu, Quan Liu, Yan You, Jurgita Ovadnevaite, Darius Ceburnis, Thorsten Hoffmann, and Colin O'Dowd
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 10139–10153, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-10139-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-10139-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Biomass-burning-influenced oxygenated organic aerosol (OOA-BB), formed from the photochemical oxidation and aging of biomass burning OA (BBOA), was resolved in urban Xi’an. The aqueous-phase processed oxygenated OA (aq-OOA) concentration was more dependent on secondary inorganic aerosol (SIA) content and aerosol liquid water content (ALWC). The increased aq-OOA contribution during SIA-enhanced periods likely reflects OA evolution due to the addition of alcohol or peroxide groups
Lei Li, Yevgeny Derimian, Cheng Chen, Xindan Zhang, Huizheng Che, Gregory L. Schuster, David Fuertes, Pavel Litvinov, Tatyana Lapyonok, Anton Lopatin, Christian Matar, Fabrice Ducos, Yana Karol, Benjamin Torres, Ke Gui, Yu Zheng, Yuanxin Liang, Yadong Lei, Jibiao Zhu, Lei Zhang, Junting Zhong, Xiaoye Zhang, and Oleg Dubovik
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 3439–3469, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-3439-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-3439-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
A climatology of aerosol composition concentration derived from POLDER-3 observations using GRASP/Component is presented. The conceptual specifics of the GRASP/Component approach are in the direct retrieval of aerosol speciation without intermediate retrievals of aerosol optical characteristics. The dataset of satellite-derived components represents scarce but imperative information for validation and potential adjustment of chemical transport models.
Junting Zhong, Xiaoye Zhang, Ke Gui, Jie Liao, Ye Fei, Lipeng Jiang, Lifeng Guo, Liangke Liu, Huizheng Che, Yaqiang Wang, Deying Wang, and Zijiang Zhou
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 3197–3211, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-3197-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-3197-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Historical long-term PM2.5 records with high temporal resolution are essential but lacking for research and environmental management. Here, we reconstruct site-based and gridded PM2.5 datasets at 6-hour intervals from 1960 to 2020 that combine visibility, meteorological data, and emissions based on a machine learning model with extracted spatial features. These two PM2.5 datasets will lay the foundation of research studies associated with air pollution, climate change, and aerosol reanalysis.
Haochi Che, Michal Segal-Rozenhaimer, Lu Zhang, Caroline Dang, Paquita Zuidema, Arthur J. Sedlacek III, Xiaoye Zhang, and Connor Flynn
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 8767–8785, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-8767-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-8767-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
A 17-month in situ study on Ascension Island found low single-scattering albedo and strong absorption enhancement of the marine boundary layer aerosols during biomass burnings on the African continent, along with apparent patterns of regular monthly variability. We further discuss the characteristics and drivers behind these changes and find that biomass burning conditions in Africa may be the main factor influencing the optical properties of marine boundary aerosols.
Xinghua Zhang, Wenhui Zhao, Lixiang Zhai, Miao Zhong, Jinsen Shi, Junying Sun, Yanmei Liu, Conghui Xie, Yulong Tan, Kemei Li, Xinlei Ge, Qi Zhang, Shichang Kang, and Jianzhong Xu
Earth Syst. Sci. Data Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2022-211, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2022-211, 2022
Manuscript not accepted for further review
Short summary
Short summary
A comprehensive aerosol observation project was carried out in the Tibetan Plateau (TP) in recent years to investigate the properties and sources of atmospheric aerosols as well as their regional differences by performing multiple short-term intensive field observations. The real-time online high-time-resolution (hourly) data of aerosol properties in the different TP region are integrated in a new dataset and can provide supporting for related studies in in the TP.
Ke Gui, Wenrui Yao, Huizheng Che, Linchang An, Yu Zheng, Lei Li, Hujia Zhao, Lei Zhang, Junting Zhong, Yaqiang Wang, and Xiaoye Zhang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 7905–7932, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-7905-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-7905-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This study investigates the aerosol optical and radiative properties and meteorological drivers during two mega SDS events over Northern China in March 2021. The MODIS-retrieved DOD data registered these two events as the most intense episode in the same period in history over the past 20 years. These two extreme SDS events were associated with both atmospheric circulation extremes and local meteorological anomalies that favor enhanced dust emissions in the Gobi Desert.
Siyuan Li, Dantong Liu, Shaofei Kong, Yangzhou Wu, Kang Hu, Huang Zheng, Yi Cheng, Shurui Zheng, Xiaotong Jiang, Shuo Ding, Dawei Hu, Quan Liu, Ping Tian, Delong Zhao, and Jiujiang Sheng
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 6937–6951, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-6937-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-6937-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The understanding of secondary organic aerosols is hindered by the aerosol–gas evolution by different oxidation mechanisms. By concurrently measuring detailed mass spectra of aerosol and gas phases in a megacity online, we identified the primary and secondary source sectors and investigated the transformation between gas and aerosol phases influenced by photooxidation and moisture. The results will help us to understand the respective evolution of major sources in a typical urban environment.
Yu Zheng, Huizheng Che, Yupeng Wang, Xiangao Xia, Xiuqing Hu, Xiaochun Zhang, Jun Zhu, Jibiao Zhu, Hujia Zhao, Lei Li, Ke Gui, and Xiaoye Zhang
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 15, 2139–2158, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-2139-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-2139-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Ground-based observations of aerosols and aerosol data verification is important for satellite and climate model modification. Here we present an evaluation of aerosol microphysical, optical and radiative properties measured using a multiwavelength photometer with a highly integrated design and smart control performance. The validation of this product is discussed in detail using AERONET as a reference. This work contributes to reducing AOD uncertainties in China and combating climate change.
Clémence Rose, Martine Collaud Coen, Elisabeth Andrews, Yong Lin, Isaline Bossert, Cathrine Lund Myhre, Thomas Tuch, Alfred Wiedensohler, Markus Fiebig, Pasi Aalto, Andrés Alastuey, Elisabeth Alonso-Blanco, Marcos Andrade, Begoña Artíñano, Todor Arsov, Urs Baltensperger, Susanne Bastian, Olaf Bath, Johan Paul Beukes, Benjamin T. Brem, Nicolas Bukowiecki, Juan Andrés Casquero-Vera, Sébastien Conil, Konstantinos Eleftheriadis, Olivier Favez, Harald Flentje, Maria I. Gini, Francisco Javier Gómez-Moreno, Martin Gysel-Beer, Anna Gannet Hallar, Ivo Kalapov, Nikos Kalivitis, Anne Kasper-Giebl, Melita Keywood, Jeong Eun Kim, Sang-Woo Kim, Adam Kristensson, Markku Kulmala, Heikki Lihavainen, Neng-Huei Lin, Hassan Lyamani, Angela Marinoni, Sebastiao Martins Dos Santos, Olga L. Mayol-Bracero, Frank Meinhardt, Maik Merkel, Jean-Marc Metzger, Nikolaos Mihalopoulos, Jakub Ondracek, Marco Pandolfi, Noemi Pérez, Tuukka Petäjä, Jean-Eudes Petit, David Picard, Jean-Marc Pichon, Veronique Pont, Jean-Philippe Putaud, Fabienne Reisen, Karine Sellegri, Sangeeta Sharma, Gerhard Schauer, Patrick Sheridan, James Patrick Sherman, Andreas Schwerin, Ralf Sohmer, Mar Sorribas, Junying Sun, Pierre Tulet, Ville Vakkari, Pieter Gideon van Zyl, Fernando Velarde, Paolo Villani, Stergios Vratolis, Zdenek Wagner, Sheng-Hsiang Wang, Kay Weinhold, Rolf Weller, Margarita Yela, Vladimir Zdimal, and Paolo Laj
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 17185–17223, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-17185-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-17185-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Aerosol particles are a complex component of the atmospheric system the effects of which are among the most uncertain in climate change projections. Using data collected at 62 stations, this study provides the most up-to-date picture of the spatial distribution of particle number concentration and size distribution worldwide, with the aim of contributing to better representation of aerosols and their interactions with clouds in models and, therefore, better evaluation of their impact on climate.
Wenxing Jia and Xiaoye Zhang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 16827–16841, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-16827-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-16827-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Heavy aerosol pollution incidents have attracted much attention since 2013, but the temporal and spatial limitations of observations and the inaccuracy of simulation are a stumbling block to assessing pollution mechanisms. The correct simulation of boundary layer mixing process of pollutant is a challenge for mesoscale numerical models. We add the turbulent diffusion term of aerosol to the WRF-Chem model to prove the impact of turbulent diffusion on pollutant concentration.
Ke Gui, Huizheng Che, Yu Zheng, Hujia Zhao, Wenrui Yao, Lei Li, Lei Zhang, Hong Wang, Yaqiang Wang, and Xiaoye Zhang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 15309–15336, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-15309-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-15309-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
This study utilized the globally gridded aerosol extinction data from CALIOP during 2007–2019 to investigate the 3D climatology, trends, and meteorological drivers of tropospheric type-dependent aerosols. Results revealed that the planetary boundary layer (PBL) and the free troposphere contribute 62.08 % and 37.92 %, respectively, of the global tropospheric TAOD. Trends in
CALIOP-derived aerosol loading, in particular those partitioned in the PBL, can be explained to a large extent by meteorology.
Yuan Cheng, Qin-qin Yu, Jiu-meng Liu, Xu-bing Cao, Ying-jie Zhong, Zhen-yu Du, Lin-lin Liang, Guan-nan Geng, Wan-li Ma, Hong Qi, Qiang Zhang, and Ke-bin He
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 15199–15211, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-15199-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-15199-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Open burning policies in Heilongjiang Province experienced a rapid transition during 2018 to 2020. This study evaluated the responses of PM2.5 pollution to this transition and suggested that neither of the policies could be considered successful. In addition, heterogeneous reactions were found to be at play in secondary aerosol formation, even in the frigid atmosphere in Heilongjiang. The unique haze in northeast China deserves more attention.
Quan Liu, Dantong Liu, Yangzhou Wu, Kai Bi, Wenkang Gao, Ping Tian, Delong Zhao, Siyuan Li, Chenjie Yu, Guiqian Tang, Yunfei Wu, Kang Hu, Shuo Ding, Qian Gao, Fei Wang, Shaofei Kong, Hui He, Mengyu Huang, and Deping Ding
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 14749–14760, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-14749-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-14749-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Through simultaneous online measurements of detailed aerosol compositions at both surface and surface-influenced mountain sites, the evolution of aerosol composition during daytime vertical transport was investigated. The results show that, from surface to the top of the planetary boundary layer, the oxidation state of organic aerosol had been significantly enhanced due to evaporation and further oxidation of these evaporated gases.
Qingyang Xiao, Yixuan Zheng, Guannan Geng, Cuihong Chen, Xiaomeng Huang, Huizheng Che, Xiaoye Zhang, Kebin He, and Qiang Zhang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 9475–9496, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-9475-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-9475-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We used both statistical methods and a chemical transport model to assess the contribution of meteorology and emissions to PM2.5 during 2000–2018. Both methods revealed that emissions dominated the long-term PM2.5 trend with notable meteorological effects ranged up to 37.9 % of regional annual average PM2.5. The meteorological contribution became more beneficial to PM2.5 control in southern China but more unfavorable in northern China during the studied period.
Xinyi Dong, Man Yue, Yujun Jiang, Xiao-Ming Hu, Qianli Ma, Jingjiao Pu, and Guangqiang Zhou
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 7217–7233, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-7217-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-7217-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The dynamics of CO2 has received considerable attention in the literature, yet uncertainties remain. We applied an online coupled weather-biosphere model to simulate biosphere processes and meteorology simultaneously to characterize CO2 dynamics in China. Anthropogenic emission was more influential in upper air, and the biosphere flux played a more important role in surface CO2, suggesting a significant influence of the boundary layer thermal structure on the accumulation and depletion of CO2.
Xiaojing Shen, Junying Sun, Fangqun Yu, Ying Wang, Junting Zhong, Yangmei Zhang, Xinyao Hu, Can Xia, Sinan Zhang, and Xiaoye Zhang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 7039–7052, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-7039-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-7039-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
In this work, we revealed the changes of PNSD and NPF events during the COVID-19 lockdown period in Beijing, China, to illustrate the impact of reduced primary emission and elavated atmospheric oxidized capicity on the nucleation and growth processes. The subsequent growth of nucleated particles and their contribution to the aerosol pollution formation were also explored, to highlight the necessity of controlling the nanoparticles in the future air quality management.
Linlin Liang, Guenter Engling, Chang Liu, Wanyun Xu, Xuyan Liu, Yuan Cheng, Zhenyu Du, Gen Zhang, Junying Sun, and Xiaoye Zhang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 3181–3192, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-3181-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-3181-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
A unique episode with extreme biomass burning (BB) impact, with daily concentration of levoglucosan as high as 4.37 µg m-3, was captured at an area upwind of Beijing. How this extreme BB pollution event was generated and what were the chemical properties of PM2.5 under this kind severe BB pollution level in the real atmospheric environment were both presented in this measurement report. Moreover, the variation of the ratios of BB tracers during different BB pollution periods was also exhibited.
Lei Zhang, Sunling Gong, Tianliang Zhao, Chunhong Zhou, Yuesi Wang, Jiawei Li, Dongsheng Ji, Jianjun He, Hongli Liu, Ke Gui, Xiaomei Guo, Jinhui Gao, Yunpeng Shan, Hong Wang, Yaqiang Wang, Huizheng Che, and Xiaoye Zhang
Geosci. Model Dev., 14, 703–718, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-703-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-703-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Development of chemical transport models with advanced physics and chemical schemes is important for improving air-quality forecasts. This study develops the chemical module CUACE by updating with a new particle dry deposition scheme and adding heterogenous chemical reactions and couples it with the WRF model. The coupled model (WRF/CUACE) was able to capture well the variations of PM2.5, O3, NO2, and secondary inorganic aerosols in eastern China.
Xiaoning Xie, Anmin Duan, Zhengguo Shi, Xinzhou Li, Hui Sun, Xiaodong Liu, Xugeng Cheng, Tianliang Zhao, Huizheng Che, and Yangang Liu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 11143–11159, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-11143-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-11143-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Observational and modeling results both show that the surface dust concentrations over the East Asian (EA) dust source region and over the northwestern Pacific (NP) in MAM are significantly positively correlated with TPSH. These atmospheric circulation anomalies induced by the increased TPSH result in increasing westerly winds over both EA and NP, which in turn increases dust emissions over the dust source and dust transport over these two regions, as well as the regional dust cycles.
María A. Burgos, Elisabeth Andrews, Gloria Titos, Angela Benedetti, Huisheng Bian, Virginie Buchard, Gabriele Curci, Zak Kipling, Alf Kirkevåg, Harri Kokkola, Anton Laakso, Julie Letertre-Danczak, Marianne T. Lund, Hitoshi Matsui, Gunnar Myhre, Cynthia Randles, Michael Schulz, Twan van Noije, Kai Zhang, Lucas Alados-Arboledas, Urs Baltensperger, Anne Jefferson, James Sherman, Junying Sun, Ernest Weingartner, and Paul Zieger
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 10231–10258, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-10231-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-10231-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
We investigate how well models represent the enhancement in scattering coefficients due to particle water uptake, and perform an evaluation of several implementation schemes used in ten Earth system models. Our results show the importance of the parameterization of hygroscopicity and model chemistry as drivers of some of the observed diversity amongst model estimates. The definition of dry conditions and the phenomena taking place in this relative humidity range also impact the model evaluation.
Cited articles
An, W. J., Pathak, R. K., Lee, B.-H., and Pandis, S. N.: Aerosol volatility measurement using an improved thermodenuder: Application to secondary organic aerosol, J. Aerosol Sci., 38, 305–314, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaerosci.2006.12.002, 2007.
Asmi, E., Frey, A., Virkkula, A., Ehn, M., Manninen, H. E., Timonen, H., Tolonen-Kivimäki, O., Aurela, M., Hillamo, R., and Kulmala, M.: Hygroscopicity and chemical composition of Antarctic sub-micrometre aerosol particles and observations of new particle formation, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 4253–4271, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-4253-2010, 2010.
Backman, J., Virkkula, A., Petäjä, T., Aurela, M., Frey, A., and Hillamo, R.: Impacts of volatilisation on light scattering and filter-based absorption measurements: a case study, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 3, 1205–1216, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-3-1205-2010, 2010.
Bates, T., Quinn, P., Frossard, A., Russell, L., Hakala, J., Petäjä, T., Kulmala, M., Covert, D., Cappa, C., and Li, S. M.: Measurements of ocean derived aerosol off the coast of California, J. Geophys. Res., 117, D00V15, https://doi.org/10.1029/2012JD017588, 2012.
Beijing Municipal Bureau of Transportation: Notice on measures to reduce pollutant emissions from partial trucks by traffic management, http://www.beijing.gov.cn/zhengce/zhengcefagui/201905/t20190522_60418.html (last access: 20 May 2024), 2017.
Bidleman, T. F.: Atmospheric processes – wet and dry deposition of organic-compounds are controlled by their vapor particle partitioning, Environ. Sci. Technol., 22, 361–367, https://doi.org/10.1021/es00169a002, 1988.
Buseck, P. R. and Posfai, M.: Airborne minerals and related aerosol particles: Effects on climate and the environment, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 96, 3372–3379, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.96.7.3372, 1999.
Cai, M., Huang, S., Liang, B., Sun, Q., Liu, L., Yuan, B., Shao, M., Hu, W., Chen, W., Song, Q., Li, W., Peng, Y., Wang, Z., Chen, D., Tan, H., Xu, H., Li, F., Deng, X., Deng, T., Sun, J., and Zhao, J.: Measurement report: Distinct size dependence and diurnal variation in organic aerosol hygroscopicity, volatility, and cloud condensation nuclei activity at a rural site in the Pearl River Delta (PRD) region, China, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 8117–8136, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-8117-2022, 2022.
Cao, L.-M., Huang, X.-F., Li, Y.-Y., Hu, M., and He, L.-Y.: Volatility measurement of atmospheric submicron aerosols in an urban atmosphere in southern China, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 1729–1743, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-1729-2018, 2018.
Chen, J., Li, Z., Lv, M., Wang, Y., Wang, W., Zhang, Y., Wang, H., Yan, X., Sun, Y., and Cribb, M.: Aerosol hygroscopic growth, contributing factors, and impact on haze events in a severely polluted region in northern China, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 1327–1342, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-1327-2019, 2019.
Chen, L., Zhang, F., Collins, D., Ren, J., Liu, J., Jiang, S., and Li, Z.: Characterizing the volatility and mixing state of ambient fine particles in the summer and winter of urban Beijing, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 2293–2307, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-2293-2022, 2022.
Cheung, H. H. Y., Tan, H., Xu, H., Li, F., Wu, C., Yu, J. Z., and Chan, C. K.: Measurements of non-volatile aerosols with a VTDMA and their correlations with carbonaceous aerosols in Guangzhou, China, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 8431–8446, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-8431-2016, 2016.
Chu, B., Ma, Q., Liu, J., Ma, J., Zhang, P., Chen, T., Feng, Q., Wang, C., Yang, N., Ma, H., Ma, J., Russell, A. G., and He, H.: Air Pollutant Correlations in China: Secondary Air Pollutant Responses to NOx and SO2 Control, Environ. Sci. Tech. Let., 7, 695–700, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.estlett.0c00403, 2020.
Cravigan, L. T., Ristovski, Z., Modini, R. L., Keywood, M. D., and Gras, J. L.: Observation of sea-salt fraction in sub 100 nm diameter particles at Cape Grim, J. Geophys. Res., 120, 1848–1864, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014JD022601, 2015.
Cui, F., Pei, S., Chen, M., Ma, Y., and Pan, Q.: Absorption enhancement of black carbon and the contribution of brown carbon to light absorption in the summer of Nanjing, China, Atmos. Pollut. Res., 12, 480–487, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apr.2020.12.008, 2021.
De Leeuw, G., Andreas, E. L., Anguelova, M. D., Fairall, C., Lewis, E. R., O'Dowd, C., Schulz, M., and Schwartz, S. E.: Production flux of sea spray aerosol, Rev. Geophys., 49, RG2001, https://doi.org/10.1029/2010RG000349, 2011.
Duplissy, J., Gysel, M., Sjogren, S., Meyer, N., Good, N., Kammermann, L., Michaud, V., Weigel, R., Martins dos Santos, S., Gruening, C., Villani, P., Laj, P., Sellegri, K., Metzger, A., McFiggans, G. B., Wehrle, G., Richter, R., Dommen, J., Ristovski, Z., Baltensperger, U., and Weingartner, E.: Intercomparison study of six HTDMAs: results and recommendations, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 2, 363–378, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2-363-2009, 2009.
Ehn, M., Petäjä, T., Birmili, W., Junninen, H., Aalto, P., and Kulmala, M.: Non-volatile residuals of newly formed atmospheric particles in the boreal forest, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 677–684, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-7-677-2007, 2007.
Enroth, J., Mikkilä, J., Németh, Z., Kulmala, M., and Salma, I.: Wintertime hygroscopicity and volatility of ambient urban aerosol particles, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 4533–4548, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-4533-2018, 2018.
Fan, X., Liu, J., Zhang, F., Chen, L., Collins, D., Xu, W., Jin, X., Ren, J., Wang, Y., Wu, H., Li, S., Sun, Y., and Li, Z.: Contrasting size-resolved hygroscopicity of fine particles derived by HTDMA and HR-ToF-AMS measurements between summer and winter in Beijing: the impacts of aerosol aging and local emissions, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 915–929, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-915-2020, 2020a.
Fan, H., Zhao, C., and Yang, Y.: A comprehensive analysis of the spatio-temporal variation of urban air pollution in China during 2014–2018, Atmos. Environ., 220, 117066, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2019.117066, 2020b.
Feng, T., Wang, Y., Hu, W., Zhu, M., Song, W., Chen, W., Sang, Y., Fang, Z., Deng, W., Fang, H., Yu, X., Wu, C., Yuan, B., Huang, S., Shao, M., Huang, X., He, L., Lee, Y. R., Huey, L. G., Canonaco, F., Prevot, A. S. H., and Wang, X.: Impact of aging on the sources, volatility, and viscosity of organic aerosols in Chinese outflows, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 611–636, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-611-2023, 2023.
Freney, E. J., Adachi, K., and Buseck, P. R.: Internally mixed atmospheric aerosol particles: Hygroscopic growth and light scattering, J. Geophys. Res., 115, D19210, https://doi.org/10.1029/2009JD013558, 2010.
Gantt, B. and Meskhidze, N.: The physical and chemical characteristics of marine primary organic aerosol: a review, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 3979–3996, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-3979-2013, 2013.
Ghadikolaei, M. A., Yung, K. F., Cheung, C. S., Ho, S. S. H., and Wong, P. K.: Non-polar organic compounds, volatility and oxidation reactivity of particulate matter emitted from diesel engine fueled with ternary fuels in blended and fumigation modes, Chemosphere, 249, 126086, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126086, 2020.
Grythe, H., Ström, J., Krejci, R., Quinn, P., and Stohl, A.: A review of sea-spray aerosol source functions using a large global set of sea salt aerosol concentration measurements, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 1277–1297, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-1277-2014, 2014.
Gysel, M., Mcfiggans, G. B., and Coe, H.: Inversion of tandem differential mobility analyser (TDMA) measurements, J. Aerosol Sci., 40, 134–151, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaerosci.2008.07.013, 2009.
Hakala, J., Mikkilä, J., Hong, J., Ehn, M., and Petäjä, T.: VH-TDMA: A description and verification of an instrument to measure aerosol particle hygroscopicity and volatility, Aerosol Sci. Tech., 51, 97–107, https://doi.org/10.1080/02786826.2016.1255712, 2016.
Hakkarainen, H., Järvinen, A., Lepistö, T., Salo, L., Kuittinen, N., Laakkonen, E., Yang, M., Martikainen, M.-V., Saarikoski, S., Aurela, M., Barreira, L., Teinilä, K., Ihalainen, M., Aakko-Saksa, P., Timonen, H., Rönkkö, T., and Jalava, P.: Toxicity of exhaust emissions from high aromatic and non-aromatic diesel fuels using in vitro ALI exposure system, Sci. Total. Environ., 890, 164215, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.164215, 2023.
Häkkinen, S. A. K., Äijälä, M., Lehtipalo, K., Junninen, H., Backman, J., Virkkula, A., Nieminen, T., Vestenius, M., Hakola, H., Ehn, M., Worsnop, D. R., Kulmala, M., Petäjä, T., and Riipinen, I.: Long-term volatility measurements of submicron atmospheric aerosol in Hyytiälä, Finland, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 10771–10786, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-10771-2012, 2012.
Hong, J., Häkkinen, S. A. K., Paramonov, M., Äijälä, M., Hakala, J., Nieminen, T., Mikkilä, J., Prisle, N. L., Kulmala, M., Riipinen, I., Bilde, M., Kerminen, V.-M., and Petäjä, T.: Hygroscopicity, CCN and volatility properties of submicron atmospheric aerosol in a boreal forest environment during the summer of 2010, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 4733–4748, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-4733-2014, 2014.
Hong, J., Xu, H., Tan, H., Yin, C., Hao, L., Li, F., Cai, M., Deng, X., Wang, N., Su, H., Cheng, Y., Wang, L., Petäjä, T., and Kerminen, V.-M.: Mixing state and particle hygroscopicity of organic-dominated aerosols over the Pearl River Delta region in China, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 14079–14094, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-14079-2018, 2018.
Hu, X., Liu, Q., Zhang, Y., Shen, X., Lu, J., Yu, A., Liu, S., Che, H., Zhang, X., and Sun, J.: Significant influence of nitrate on light absorption enhancement of refractory black carbon in the winter of 2022 in Beijing, Atmos. Environ., 319, 120311, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2023.120311, 2024.
Huang, X., Zhang, J., Liu, B., Liu, C., Zhang, J., Cong, L., Cheng, M., Yan, G., Gao, W., Wang, Y., and Wang, Y.: Characteristics of PM2.5 pollution in Beijing after the improvement of air quality, J. Environ Sci., 100, 1–10, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jes.2020.06.004, 2021.
Huffman, J. A., Ziemann, P. J., Jayne, J. T., Worsnop, D. R., and Jimenez, J. L.: Development and characterization of a fast-stepping/scanning thermodenuder for chemically-resolved aerosol volatility measurements, Aerosol Sci. Tech., 42, 395–407, https://doi.org/10.1080/02786820802104981, 2008.
Huffman, J. A., Docherty, K. S., Aiken, A. C., Cubison, M. J., Ulbrich, I. M., DeCarlo, P. F., Sueper, D., Jayne, J. T., Worsnop, D. R., Ziemann, P. J., and Jimenez, J. L.: Chemically-resolved aerosol volatility measurements from two megacity field studies, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 7161–7182, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-7161-2009, 2009.
IPCC: Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis: Summary for Policymakers, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, ISBN: 978-1-107-05799-1, 2013.
Jiang, S., Ye, X., Wang, R., Tao, Y., Ma, Z., Yang, X., and Chen, J.: Measurements of nonvolatile size distribution and its link to traffic soot in urban Shanghai, Sci. Total Environ., 615, 452–461, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.09.176, 2018.
Johnson, G. R., Ristovski, Z. D., D'Anna, B., and Morawska, L.: Hygroscopic behavior of partially volatilized coastal marine aerosols using the volatilization and humidification tandem differential mobility analyzer technique, J. Geophys. Res., 110, D20203, https://doi.org/10.1029/2004JD005657, 2005.
Karnezi, E., Riipinen, I., and Pandis, S. N.: Measuring the atmospheric organic aerosol volatility distribution: a theoretical analysis, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 7, 2953–2965, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-7-2953-2014, 2014.
Kim, G., Cho, H.-j., Seo, A., Kim, D., Gim, Y., Lee, B. Y., Yoon, Y. J., and Park, K.: Comparison of hygroscopicity, volatility, and mixing state of submicrometer particles between cruises over the Arctic Ocean and the Pacific Ocean, Environ. Sci. Technol., 49, 12024–12035, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.5b01505, 2015.
Lippmann, M. and Albert, R. E.: The effect of particle size on the regional deposition of inhaled aerosols in the human respiratory tract, Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J., 30, 257–275, https://doi.org/10.1080/00028896909343120, 1969.
Liu, D., Allan, J., Whitehead, J., Young, D., Flynn, M., Coe, H., McFiggans, G., Fleming, Z. L., and Bandy, B.: Ambient black carbon particle hygroscopic properties controlled by mixing state and composition, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 2015–2029, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-2015-2013, 2013.
Liu, J., Zhang, F., Xu, W., Sun, Y., Chen, L., Li, S., Ren, J., Hu, B., Wu, H., and Zhang, R.: Hygroscopicity of Organic Aerosols Linked to Formation Mechanisms, Geophys. Res. Lett., 48, e2020GL091683, https://doi.org/10.1029/2020gl091683, 2021.
Liu, P. F., Zhao, C. S., Göbel, T., Hallbauer, E., Nowak, A., Ran, L., Xu, W. Y., Deng, Z. Z., Ma, N., Mildenberger, K., Henning, S., Stratmann, F., and Wiedensohler, A.: Hygroscopic properties of aerosol particles at high relative humidity and their diurnal variations in the North China Plain, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 3479–3494, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-3479-2011, 2011.
Liu, Q., Sheng, J., Wu, Y., Ma, Z., Sun, J., Tian, P., Zhao, D., Li, X., Hu, K., Li, S., Shen, X., Zhang, Y., He, H., Huang, M., Ding, D., and Liu, D.: Source characterization of volatile organic compounds in urban Beijing and its links to secondary organic aerosol formation, Sci. Total Environ., 860, 160469, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160469, 2023.
Lu, J., Shen, X., Ma, Q., Yu, A., Hu, X., Zhang, Y., Liu, Q., Liu, S., Che, H., Zhang, X., and Sun, J.: Size-resolved effective density of ambient aerosols measured by an AAC–SMPS tandem system in Beijing, Atmos. Environ., 318, 120226, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2023.120226, 2024.
Ma, Y., Cheng, Y., Qiu, X., Cao, G., Fang, Y., Wang, J., Zhu, T., Yu, J., and Hu, D.: Sources and oxidative potential of water-soluble humic-like substances (HULISWS) in fine particulate matter (PM2.5) in Beijing, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 5607–5617, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-5607-2018, 2018.
Mallet, M., Cravigan, L., Miljevic, B., Vaattovaara, P., Deschaseaux, E., Swan, H., Jones, G., and Ristovski, Z.: Sea spray aerosol in the Great Barrier Reef and the presence of nonvolatile organics, J. Geophys. Res., 121, 7088–7099, https://doi.org/10.1002/2016JD024966, 2016.
Massling, A., Stock, M., Wehner, B., Wu, Z. J., Hu, M., Brüggemann, E., Gnauk, T., Herrmann, H., and Wiedensohler, A.: Size segregated water uptake of the urban submicrometer aerosol in Beijing, Atmos. Environ., 43, 1578–1589, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2008.06.003, 2009.
Mendes, L., Gini, M. I., Biskos, G., Colbeck, I., and Eleftheriadis, K.: Airborne ultrafine particles in a naturally ventilated metro station: Dominant sources and mixing state determined by particle size distribution and volatility measurements, Environ. Pollut., 239, 82–94, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2018.03.067, 2018.
Miao, Y., Che, H., Zhang, X., and Liu, S.: Relationship between summertime concurring PM2.5 and O3 pollution and boundary layer height differs between Beijing and Shanghai, China, Environ. Pollut., 268, 115775, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115775, 2021.
Modini, R. L., Ristovski, Z. D., Johnson, G. R., He, C., Surawski, N., Morawska, L., Suni, T., and Kulmala, M.: New particle formation and growth at a remote, sub-tropical coastal location, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 7607–7621, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-7607-2009, 2009.
Momenimovahed, A. and Olfert, J. S.: Effective Density and Volatility of Particles Emitted from Gasoline Direct Injection Vehicles and Implications for Particle Mass Measurement, Aerosol Sci. Tech., 49, 1051–1062, https://doi.org/10.1080/02786826.2015.1094181, 2015.
Ou, C., Hang, J., and Deng, Q.: Particle deposition in human lung airways: effects of airflow, particle size, and mechanisms, Aerosol Air Qual. Res., 20, 2846–2858, https://doi.org/10.4209/aaqr.2020.02.0067, 2020.
Ovadnevaite, J., Ceburnis, D., Martucci, G., Bialek, J., Monahan, C., Rinaldi, M., Facchini, M. C., Berresheim, H., Worsnop, D. R., and O'Dowd, C.: Primary marine organic aerosol: A dichotomy of low hygroscopicity and high CCN activity, Geophys. Res. Lett., 38, L21806, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011GL048869, 2011.
Petters, M. D.: A language to simplify computation of differential mobility analyzer response functions, Aerosol Sci. Tech., 52, 1437–1451, https://doi.org/10.1080/02786826.2018.1530724, 2018.
Petters, M. D. and Kreidenweis, S. M.: A single parameter representation of hygroscopic growth and cloud condensation nucleus activity, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 1961–1971, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-7-1961-2007, 2007.
Pöschl, U.: Atmospheric aerosols: composition, transformation, climate and health effects, Angew. Chem. Int. Edit., 44, 7520–7540, https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.200501122, 2005.
Ren, J., Zhang, F., Chen, L., Cao, G., Liu, M., Li, X., Wu, H., Cheng, Y., and Li, Z.: Identifying the hygroscopic properties of fine aerosol particles from diverse sources in urban atmosphere and the applicability in prediction of cloud nuclei, Atmos. Environ., 298, 119615, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2023.119615, 2023.
Reutter, P., Su, H., Trentmann, J., Simmel, M., Rose, D., Gunthe, S. S., Wernli, H., Andreae, M. O., and Pöschl, U.: Aerosol- and updraft-limited regimes of cloud droplet formation: influence of particle number, size and hygroscopicity on the activation of cloud condensation nuclei (CCN), Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 7067–7080, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-7067-2009, 2009.
Ristovski, Z. D., Suni, T., Kulmala, M., Boy, M., Meyer, N. K., Duplissy, J., Turnipseed, A., Morawska, L., and Baltensperger, U.: The role of sulphates and organic vapours in growth of newly formed particles in a eucalypt forest, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 2919–2926, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-2919-2010, 2010.
Sellegri, K., Villani, P., Picard, D., Dupuy, R., O'Dowd, C., and Laj, P.: Role of the volatile fraction of submicron marine aerosol on its hygroscopic properties, Atmos. Res., 90, 272–277, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2008.04.004, 2008.
Shen, X., Sun, J., Zhang, X., Zhang, Y., Wang, Y., Tan, K., Wang, P., Zhang, L., Qi, X., and Che, H.: Comparison of Submicron Particles at a Rural and an Urban Site in the North China Plain during the December 2016 Heavy Pollution Episodes, J. Meteorol. Res.-PRC, 32, 26–37, https://doi.org/10.1007/s13351-018-7060-7, 2018.
Sjogren, S., Gysel, M., Weingartner, E., Alfarra, M. R., Duplissy, J., Cozic, J., Crosier, J., Coe, H., and Baltensperger, U.: Hygroscopicity of the submicrometer aerosol at the high-alpine site Jungfraujoch, 3580 m a.s.l., Switzerland, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 8, 5715–5729, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-8-5715-2008, 2008.
Stokes, R. H. and Robinson, R. A.: Interactions in Aqueous Nonelectrolyte Solutions. I. Solute-Solvent Equilibria, J. Phys. Chem.-US, 70, 2126–2131, https://doi.org/10.1021/j100879a010, 1966.
Su, H., Rose, D., Cheng, Y. F., Gunthe, S. S., Massling, A., Stock, M., Wiedensohler, A., Andreae, M. O., and Pöschl, U.: Hygroscopicity distribution concept for measurement data analysis and modeling of aerosol particle mixing state with regard to hygroscopic growth and CCN activation, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 7489–7503, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-7489-2010, 2010.
Sun, J., Wang, Z., Zhou, W., Xie, C., Wu, C., Chen, C., Han, T., Wang, Q., Li, Z., Li, J., Fu, P., Wang, Z., and Sun, Y.: Measurement report: Long-term changes in black carbon and aerosol optical properties from 2012 to 2020 in Beijing, China, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 561–575, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-561-2022, 2022.
Sun, Y., Chen, C., Zhang, Y., Xu, W., Zhou, L., Cheng, X., Zheng, H., Ji, D., Li, J., Tang, X., Fu, P., and Wang, Z.: Rapid formation and evolution of an extreme haze episode in Northern China during winter 2015, Sci. Rep.-UK, 6, 27151, https://doi.org/10.1038/srep27151, 2016.
Swietlicki, E., Hansson, H.-C., Hämeri, K., Svenningsson, B., Massling, A., McFiggans, G., McMurry, P., Petäjä, T., Tunved, P., and Gysel, M.: Hygroscopic properties of submicrometer atmospheric aerosol particles measured with H-TDMA instruments in various environments—a review, Tellus B, 60, 432–469, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0889.2008.00350.x, 2008.
Tang, M., Cziczo, D. J., and Grassian, V. H.: Interactions of water with mineral dust aerosol: water adsorption, hygroscopicity, cloud condensation, and ice nucleation, Chem. Rev., 116, 4205–4259, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00529, 2016.
Tang, M., Chan, C. K., Li, Y. J., Su, H., Ma, Q., Wu, Z., Zhang, G., Wang, Z., Ge, M., Hu, M., He, H., and Wang, X.: A review of experimental techniques for aerosol hygroscopicity studies, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 12631–12686, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-12631-2019, 2019.
Tiitta, P., Miettinen, P., Vaattovaara, P., Joutsensaari, J., Petäjä, T., Virtanen, A., Raatikainen, T., Aalto, P., Portin, H., and Romakkaniemi, S.: Roadside aerosol study using hygroscopic, organic and volatility TDMAs: Characterization and mixing state, Atmos. Environ., 44, 976–986, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2009.06.021, 2010.
Tritscher, T., Dommen, J., DeCarlo, P. F., Gysel, M., Barmet, P. B., Praplan, A. P., Weingartner, E., Prévôt, A. S. H., Riipinen, I., Donahue, N. M., and Baltensperger, U.: Volatility and hygroscopicity of aging secondary organic aerosol in a smog chamber, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 11477–11496, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-11477-2011, 2011.
Villani, P., Picard, D., Marchand, N., and Laj, P.: Design and Validation of a 6-Volatility Tandem Differential Mobility Analyzer (VTDMA), Aerosol Sci. Tech., 41, 898–906, https://doi.org/10.1080/02786820701534593, 2007.
Villani, P., Picard, D., Michaud, V., Laj, P., and Wiedensohler, A.: Design and Validation of a Volatility Hygroscopic Tandem Differential Mobility Analyzer (VH-TDMA) to Characterize the Relationships Between the Thermal and Hygroscopic Properties of Atmospheric Aerosol Particles, Aerosol Sci. Tech., 42, 729–741, https://doi.org/10.1080/02786820802255668, 2008.
Villani, P., Sellegri, K., Monier, M., and Laj, P.: Influence of semi-volatile species on particle hygroscopic growth, Atmos. Environ., 79, 129–137, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2013.05.069, 2013.
Wang, G., Zhang, R., Gómez, M. E., Yang, L., Zamora, M. L., Hu, M., Lin, Y., Peng, J., Guo, S., and Meng, J.: Persistent sulfate formation from London Fog to Chinese haze, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 113, 13630–13635, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1616540113, 2016.
Wang, J., Gao, J., Che, F., Wang, Y., Lin, P., and Zhang, Y.: Decade-long trends in chemical component properties of PM2.5 in Beijing, China (2011–2020), Sci. Total Environ., 832, 154664, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154664, 2022.
Wang, X., Shen, X. J., Sun, J. Y., Zhang, X. Y., Wang, Y. Q., Zhang, Y. M., Wang, P., Xia, C., Qi, X. F., and Zhong, J. T.: Size-resolved hygroscopic behavior of atmospheric aerosols during heavy aerosol pollution episodes in Beijing in December 2016, Atmos. Environ., 194, 188–197, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2018.09.041, 2018.
Wang, Y., Stein, A., Draxler, R., de la Rosa, J. D., and Zhang, X.: Global sand and dust storms in 2008. Observation and HYSPLIT model verification, Atmos. Environ., 45, 6381, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2011.08.035, 2011.
Wang, Y., Zhang, F., Li, Z., Tan, H., Xu, H., Ren, J., Zhao, J., Du, W., and Sun, Y.: Enhanced hydrophobicity and volatility of submicron aerosols under severe emission control conditions in Beijing, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 5239–5251, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-5239-2017, 2017.
Wang, Y., Li, Z., Zhang, R., Jin, X., Xu, W., Fan, X., Wu, H., Zhang, F., Sun, Y., Wang, Q., Cribb, M., and Hu, D.: Distinct Ultrafine- and Accumulation-Mode Particle Properties in Clean and Polluted Urban Environments, Geophys. Res. Lett., 46, 10918–10925, https://doi.org/10.1029/2019gl084047, 2019.
Wang, Z., Birmili, W., Hamed, A., Wehner, B., Spindler, G., Pei, X., Wu, Z., Cheng, Y., Su, H., and Wiedensohler, A.: Contributions of volatile and nonvolatile compounds (at 300 °C) to condensational growth of atmospheric nanoparticles: An assessment based on 8.5 years of observations at the Central Europe background site Melpitz, J. Geophys. Res., 122, 485–497, https://doi.org/10.1002/2016jd025581, 2017.
Wehner, B., Petaja, T., Boy, M., Engler, C., Birmili, W., Tuch, T., Wiedensohler, A., and Kulmala, M.: The contribution of sulfuric acid and non-volatile compounds on the growth of freshly formed atmospheric aerosols, Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, L17810, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005GL023827, 2005.
Wehner, B., Birmili, W., Ditas, F., Wu, Z., Hu, M., Liu, X., Mao, J., Sugimoto, N., and Wiedensohler, A.: Relationships between submicrometer particulate air pollution and air mass history in Beijing, China, 2004–2006, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 8, 6155–6168, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-8-6155-2008, 2008.
Wehner, B., Berghof, M., Cheng, Y. F., Achtert, P., Birmili, W., Nowak, A., Wiedensohler, A., Garland, R. M., Pöschl, U., Hu, M., and Zhu, T.: Mixing state of nonvolatile aerosol particle fractions and comparison with light absorption in the polluted Beijing region, J. Geophys. Res., 114, D00G17, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008jd010923, 2009.
Wiedensohler, A.: An approximation of the bipolar charge distribution for particles in the submicron size range, J. Aerosol Sci., 19, 387–389, https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-8502(88)90278-9, 1988.
Wu, Z., Poulain, L., Wehner, B., Wiedensohler, A., and Herrmann, H.: Characterization of the volatile fraction of laboratory-generated aerosol particles by thermodenuder-aerosol mass spectrometer coupling experiments, J. Aerosol Sci., 40, 603–612, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaerosci.2009.03.007, 2009.
Wu, Z. J., Zheng, J., Shang, D. J., Du, Z. F., Wu, Y. S., Zeng, L. M., Wiedensohler, A., and Hu, M.: Particle hygroscopicity and its link to chemical composition in the urban atmosphere of Beijing, China, during summertime, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 1123–1138, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-1123-2016, 2016.
Wu, Z. J., Ma, N., Größ, J., Kecorius, S., Lu, K. D., Shang, D. J., Wang, Y., Wu, Y. S., Zeng, L. M., Hu, M., Wiedensohler, A., and Zhang, Y. H.: Thermodynamic properties of nanoparticles during new particle formation events in the atmosphere of North China Plain, Atmos. Res., 188, 55–63, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2017.01.007, 2017.
Xia, C., Sun, J., Qi, X., Shen, X., Zhong, J., Zhang, X., Wang, Y., Zhang, Y., and Hu, X.: Observational study of aerosol hygroscopic growth on scattering coefficient in Beijing: A case study in March of 2018, Sci. Total Environ., 685, 239–247, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.05.283, 2019.
Xu, P., Zhang, J., Ji, D., Liu, Z., Tang, G., Jiang, C., and Wang, Y.: Characterization of submicron particles during autumn in Beijing, China, J. Environ. Sci., 63, 16–27, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jes.2017.03.036, 2018.
Xu, W., Xie, C., Karnezi, E., Zhang, Q., Wang, J., Pandis, S. N., Ge, X., Zhang, J., An, J., Wang, Q., Zhao, J., Du, W., Qiu, Y., Zhou, W., He, Y., Li, Y., Li, J., Fu, P., Wang, Z., Worsnop, D. R., and Sun, Y.: Summertime aerosol volatility measurements in Beijing, China, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 10205–10216, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-10205-2019, 2019.
Xu, W., Ovadnevaite, J., Fossum, K. N., Lin, C., Huang, R.-J., O'Dowd, C., and Ceburnis, D.: Aerosol hygroscopicity and its link to chemical composition in the coastal atmosphere of Mace Head: marine and continental air masses, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 3777–3791, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-3777-2020, 2020.
Yang, S., Liu, Z., Clusius, P. S., Liu, Y., Zou, J., Yang, Y., Zhao, S., Zhang, G., Xu, Z., Ma, Z., Yang, Y., Sun, J., Pan, Y., Ji, D., Hu, B., Yan, C., Boy, M., Kulmala, M., and Wang, Y.: Chemistry of new particle formation and growth events during wintertime in suburban area of Beijing: Insights from highly polluted atmosphere, Atmos. Res., 255, 105553, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2021.105553, 2021.
Yang, X., Wang, L., Ma, P., He, Y., Zhao, C., and Zhao, W.: Urban and suburban decadal variations in air pollution of Beijing and its meteorological drivers, Environ. Int., 181, 108301, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2023.108301, 2023.
Ye, X., Tang, C., Yin, Z., Chen, J., Ma, Z., Kong, L., Yang, X., Gao, W., and Geng, F.: Hygroscopic growth of urban aerosol particles during the 2009 Mirage-Shanghai Campaign, Atmos. Environ., 64, 263–269, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2012.09.064, 2013.
Yu, K., Zhu, Q., Du, K., and Huang, X.-F.: Characterization of nighttime formation of particulate organic nitrates based on high-resolution aerosol mass spectrometry in an urban atmosphere in China, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 5235–5249, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-5235-2019, 2019.
Yue, D., Hu, M., Wu, Z., Wang, Z., Guo, S., Wehner, B., Nowak, A., Achtert, P., Wiedensohler, A., Jung, J., Kim, Y. J., and Liu, S.: Characteristics of aerosol size distributions and new particle formation in the summer in Beijing, J. Geophys. Res., 114, D00G12, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008JD010894, 2009.
Yue, D. L., Hu, M., Zhang, R. Y., Wang, Z. B., Zheng, J., Wu, Z. J., Wiedensohler, A., He, L. Y., Huang, X. F., and Zhu, T.: The roles of sulfuric acid in new particle formation and growth in the mega-city of Beijing, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 4953–4960, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-4953-2010, 2010.
Zhang, S., Shen, X., Sun, J., Che, H., Zhang, Y., Liu, Q., Xia, C., Hu, X., Zhong, J., Wang, J., Liu, S., Lu, J., Yu, A., and Zhang, X.: Seasonal variation of particle hygroscopicity and its impact on cloud-condensation nucleus activation in the Beijing urban area, Atmos. Environ., 302, 119728, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2023.119728, 2023.
Zhang, S. L., Ma, N., Kecorius, S., Wang, P. C., Hu, M., Wang, Z. B., Größ, J., Wu, Z. J., and Wiedensohler, A.: Mixing state of atmospheric particles over the North China Plain, Atmos. Environ., 125, 152–164, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2015.10.053, 2016.
Zhang, Y., Sun, J., Zhang, X., Shen, X., Wang, T., and Qin, M.: Seasonal characterization of components and size distributions for submicron aerosols in Beijing, Sci. China Earth Sci., 56, 890–900, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11430-012-4515-z, 2012.
Zhang, Y., Wang, Y., Zhang, X., Shen, X., Sun, J., Wu, L., Zhang, Z., and Che, H.: Chemical Components, Variation, and Source Identification of PM1 during the Heavy Air Pollution Episodes in Beijing in December 2016, J. Meteorol. Res.-PRC, 32, 1–13, https://doi.org/10.1007/s13351-018-7051-8, 2018.
Zhao, C., Yu, Y., Kuang, Y., Tao, J., and Zhao, G.: Recent progress of aerosol light-scattering enhancement factor studies in China, Adv. Atmos. Sci., 36, 1015–1026, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00376-019-8248-1, 2019.
Zhao, J., Du, W., Zhang, Y., Wang, Q., Chen, C., Xu, W., Han, T., Wang, Y., Fu, P., Wang, Z., Li, Z., and Sun, Y.: Insights into aerosol chemistry during the 2015 China Victory Day parade: results from simultaneous measurements at ground level and 260 m in Beijing, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 3215–3232, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-3215-2017, 2017.
Zhong, J., Zhang, X., Wang, Y., Liu, C., and Dong, Y.: Heavy aerosol pollution episodes in winter Beijing enhanced by radiative cooling effects of aerosols, Atmos. Res., 209, 59–64, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2018.03.011, 2018.
Zhou, W., Zhao, J., Ouyang, B., Mehra, A., Xu, W., Wang, Y., Bannan, T. J., Worrall, S. D., Priestley, M., Bacak, A., Chen, Q., Xie, C., Wang, Q., Wang, J., Du, W., Zhang, Y., Ge, X., Ye, P., Lee, J. D., Fu, P., Wang, Z., Worsnop, D., Jones, R., Percival, C. J., Coe, H., and Sun, Y.: Production of N2O5 and ClNO2 in summer in urban Beijing, China, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 11581–11597, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-11581-2018, 2018.
Zhu, Q., Cao, L. M., Tang, M. X., Huang, X. F., and He, L. Y.: Characterization of Organic Aerosol at a Rural Site in the North China Plain Region: Sources, Volatility and Organonitrates, Adv. Atmos. Sci., 38, 1115–1127, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00376-020-0127-2, 2021.
Short summary
In this work, we utilized a volatility hygroscopicity tandem differential mobility analyzer (VH-TDMA) to investigate, for the first time, the hygroscopicity and volatility of submicron aerosols, as well as their hygroscopicity after heating, in urban Beijing during the autumn of 2023. We analyzed the size-resolved characteristics of hygroscopicity and volatility, the relationship between hygroscopic and volatile properties, and the hygroscopicity of heated submicron aerosols.
In this work, we utilized a volatility hygroscopicity tandem differential mobility analyzer...
Altmetrics
Final-revised paper
Preprint