Articles | Volume 25, issue 2
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-1401-2025
© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-1401-2025
© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
31 Jan 2025
Research article |
| 31 Jan 2025
| 31 Jan 2025
Atmospheric oxidation of 1,3-butadiene: influence of seed aerosol acidity and relative humidity on SOA composition and the production of air toxic compounds
Center for Environmental Measurement & Modeling, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA
Klara Nestorowicz
Environmental Chemistry Group, Institute of Physical Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Science, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
Krzysztof J. Rudzinski
Environmental Chemistry Group, Institute of Physical Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
Michael Lewandowski
Center for Environmental Measurement & Modeling, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA
Tadeusz E. Kleindienst
Center for Environmental Measurement & Modeling, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA
Julio Torres
University of Warsaw, Faculty of Chemistry, Biological and Chemical Research Centre, Zwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland
Ewa Bulska
University of Warsaw, Faculty of Chemistry, Biological and Chemical Research Centre, Zwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland
Witold Danikiewicz
Mass Spectrometry Group, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Science, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
Environmental Chemistry Group, Institute of Physical Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
Related authors
Mohammed Jaoui, Kenneth S. Docherty, Michael Lewandowski, and Tadeusz E. Kleindienst
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 4637–4661, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-4637-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-4637-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
VCPs are a class of chemicals widely used in industrial and consumer products (e.g., coatings, adhesives, inks, personal care products) and are an important component of total VOCs in urban atmospheres. This study provides SOA yields and detailed chemical analysis of the gas- and aerosol-phase products of the photooxidation of one of these VCPs, benzyl alcohol. These results will allow better links between characterized sources and their resulting criteria for pollutant formation.
Mohammed Jaoui, Kenneth S. Docherty, Michael Lewandowski, and Tadeusz E. Kleindienst
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 4637–4661, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-4637-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-4637-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
VCPs are a class of chemicals widely used in industrial and consumer products (e.g., coatings, adhesives, inks, personal care products) and are an important component of total VOCs in urban atmospheres. This study provides SOA yields and detailed chemical analysis of the gas- and aerosol-phase products of the photooxidation of one of these VCPs, benzyl alcohol. These results will allow better links between characterized sources and their resulting criteria for pollutant formation.
Cited articles
Acquavella, J. F.: Butadiene epidemiology: a summary of results and outstanding issues, Toxicology, 113, 148–156, https://doi.org/10.1016/0300-483X(96)03440-3, 1996.
Angove, D. E., Fookes, C. J. R., Hynes, R. G., Walters, C. K., and Azzi, M.: The characterisation of secondary organic aerosol formed during the photodecomposition of 1,3-butadiene in air containing nitric oxide, Atmos. Environ., 40, 4597–4607, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2006.03.046, 2006.
Anttinen-Klemetti, T., Vaaranrinta, R., Mutanen, P., and Peltonen, K.: Inhalation exposure to 1,3-butadiene and styrene in styrene–butadiene copolymer production, Int. J. Hyg. Envir. Heal., 209, 151–158, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheh.2005.09.006, 2006.
Attygalle, A. B., García-Rubio, S., Ta, J., and Meinwald, J.: Collisionally-induced dissociation mass spectra of organic sulfate anions, J. Chem. Soc. Perk. T. 2, 498–506, https://doi.org/10.1039/B009019K, 2001.
Bauwens, M., Stavrakou, T., Müller, J.-F., De Smedt, I., Van Roozendael, M., van der Werf, G. R., Wiedinmyer, C., Kaiser, J. W., Sindelarova, K., and Guenther, A.: Nine years of global hydrocarbon emissions based on source inversion of OMI formaldehyde observations, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 10133–10158, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-10133-2016, 2016.
Berndt, T. and Böge, O.: Atmospheric Reaction of OH Radicals with 1,3-Butadiene and 4-Hydroxy-2-butenal, J. Phys. Chem. A, 111, 12099–12105, https://doi.org/10.1021/jp075349o, 2007.
Black, F., Tejada, S., and Kleindienst, T.: Preparation of automobile organic emission surrogates for photochemical model validation, Atmos. Environ., 32, 2443–2451, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1352-2310(98)00045-4, 1998.
Carlton, A. G., Turpin, B. J., Altieri, K. E., Seitzinger, S., Reff, A., Lim, H.-J., and Ervens, B.: Atmospheric oxalic acid and SOA production from glyoxal: Results of aqueous photooxidation experiments, Atmos. Environ., 41, 7588–7602, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2007.05.035, 2007.
Carslaw, K. S., Clegg, S. L., and Brimblecombe, P.: A Thermodynamic Model of the System HCl-HNO3-H2SO4-H2O, Including Solubilities of HBr, from < 200 to 328 K, J. Phys. Chem., 99, 11557–11574, https://doi.org/10.1021/j100029a039, 1995.
Chan, A. W. H., Chan, M. N., Surratt, J. D., Chhabra, P. S., Loza, C. L., Crounse, J. D., Yee, L. D., Flagan, R. C., Wennberg, P. O., and Seinfeld, J. H.: Role of aldehyde chemistry and NOx concentrations in secondary organic aerosol formation, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 7169–7188, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-7169-2010, 2010.
Charlson, R. J., Schwartz, S. E., Hales, J. M., Cess, R. D., Coakley, J. A., Hansen, J. E., and Hofmann, D. J.: Climate Forcing by Anthropogenic Aerosols, Science, 255, 423–430, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.255.5043.423, 1992.
Chen, T., Chu, B., Ma, Q., Zhang, P., Liu, J., and He, H.: Effect of relative humidity on SOA formation from aromatic hydrocarbons: Implications from the evolution of gas- and particle-phase species, Sci. Total Environ., 773, 145015, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145015, 2021.
Chen, W.-Q. and Zhang, X.-Y.: 1,3-Butadiene: a ubiquitous environmental mutagen and its associations with diseases, Genes and Environment, 44, 3, https://doi.org/10.1186/s41021-021-00233-y, 2022.
Cheng, C. T., Chan, M. N., and Wilson, K. R.: Importance of Unimolecular HO2 Elimination in the Heterogeneous OH Reaction of Highly Oxygenated Tartaric Acid Aerosol, J. Phys. Chem. A, 120, 5887–5896, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpca.6b05289, 2016.
Cho, C., Clair, J. M. S., Liao, J., Wolfe, G. M., Jeong, S., Kang, D. i., Choi, J., Shin, M.-H., Park, J., Park, J.-H., Fried, A., Weinheimer, A., Blake, D. R., Diskin, G. S., Ullmann, K., Hall, S. R., Brune, W. H., Hanisco, T. F., and Min, K.-E.: Evolution of formaldehyde (HCHO) in a plume originating from a petrochemical industry and its volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emission rate estimation, Elementa: Science of the Anthropocene, 9, 00015, https://doi.org/10.1525/elementa.2021.00015, 2021.
Clegg, S. L. and Brimblecombe, P.: Application of a Multicomponent Thermodynamic Model to Activities and Thermal Properties of 0–40 mol kg−1 Aqueous Sulfuric Acid from < 200 to 328 K, J. Chem. Eng. Data, 40, 43–64, https://doi.org/10.1021/je00017a012, 1995.
Clegg, S. L. and Pitzer, K. S.: Thermodynamics of multicomponent, miscible, ionic solutions: generalized equations for symmetrical electrolytes. [Erratum to document cited in CA116(20):202049x], J. Phys. Chem., 98, 1368–1368, https://doi.org/10.1021/j100055a052, 1994.
Clegg, S. L., Brimblecombe, P., and Wexler, A. S.: Thermodynamic Model of the System H+–NH
Clegg, S. L., Pitzer, K. S., and Brimblecombe, P.: Thermodynamics of multicomponent, miscible, ionic solutions. Mixtures including unsymmetrical electrolytes, J. Phys. Chem., 96, 9470–9479, https://doi.org/10.1021/j100202a074, 1992.
Cocker III, D. R., Clegg, S. L., Flagan, R. C., and Seinfeld, J. H.: The effect of water on gas–particle partitioning of secondary organic aerosol. Part I: á-pinene/ozone system, Atmos. Environ., 35, 6049–6072, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1352-2310(01)00404-6, 2001.
Cooke, M. E., Armstrong, N. C., Fankhauser, A. M., Chen, Y., Lei, Z., Zhang, Y., Ledsky, I. R., Turpin, B. J., Zhang, Z., Gold, A., McNeill, V. F., Surratt, J. D., and Ault, A. P.: Decreases in Epoxide-Driven Secondary Organic Aerosol Production under Highly Acidic Conditions: The Importance of Acid–Base Equilibria, Environ. Sci. Technol., 58, 10675–10684, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.3c10851, 2024.
Czoschke, N. M., Jang, M., and Kamens, R. M.: Effect of acidic seed on biogenic secondary organic aerosol growth, Atmos. Environ., 37, 4287–4299, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1352-2310(03)00511-9, 2003.
Darer, A. I., Cole-Filipiak, N. C., O'Connor, A. E., and Elrod, M. J.: Formation and Stability of Atmospherically Relevant Isoprene-Derived Organosulfates and Organonitrates, Environ. Sci. Technol., 45, 1895–1902, https://doi.org/10.1021/es103797z, 2011.
Deng, Y., Inomata, S., Sato, K., Ramasamy, S., Morino, Y., Enami, S., and Tanimoto, H.: Temperature and acidity dependence of secondary organic aerosol formation from α-pinene ozonolysis with a compact chamber system, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 5983–6003, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-5983-2021, 2021.
Dollard, G. J., Dore, C. J., and Jenkin, M. E.: Ambient concentrations of 1,3-butadiene in the UK, Chem.-Biol. Interact., 135–136, 177–206, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0009-2797(01)00190-9, 2001.
Doyle, M., Sexton, K. G., Jeffries, H., Bridge, K., and Jaspers, I.: Effects of 1,3-Butadiene, Isoprene, and Their Photochemical Degradation Products on Human Lung Cells, Environ. Health Persp., 112, 1488–1495, https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.7022, 2004.
Duporté, G., Flaud, P. M., Kammer, J., Geneste, E., Augagneur, S., Pangui, E., Lamkaddam, H., Gratien, A., Doussin, J. F., Budzinski, H., Villenave, E., and Perraudin, E.: Experimental Study of the Formation of Organosulfates from á-Pinene Oxidation. 2. Time Evolution and Effect of Particle Acidity, J. Phys. Chem.-A, 124, 409–421, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpca.9b07156, 2020.
Eatough, D. J., Hansen, L. D., and Lewis, E. A.: The chemical characterization of environmental tobacco smoke, Environ. Technol., 11, 1071–1085, https://doi.org/10.1080/09593339009384961, 1990.
Edney, E. O., Driscoll, D. J., Speer, R. E., Weathers, W. S., Kleindienst, T. E., Li, W., and Smith, D. F.: Impact of aerosol liquid water on secondary organic aerosol yields of irradiated toluene/propylene/NOx/(NH4)2SO4/air mixtures, Atmos. Environ., 34, 3907–3919, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1352-2310(00)00174-6, 2000.
Faust, J. A., Wong, J. P. S., Lee, A. K. Y., and Abbatt, J. P. D.: Role of Aerosol Liquid Water in Secondary Organic Aerosol Formation from Volatile Organic Compounds, Environ. Sci. Technol., 51, 1405–1413, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.6b04700, 2017.
Fletcher, C. G., Kravitz, B., and Badawy, B.: Quantifying uncertainty from aerosol and atmospheric parameters and their impact on climate sensitivity, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 17529–17543, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-17529-2018, 2018.
Guenther, A., Hewitt, C. N., Erickson, D., Fall, R., Geron, C., Graedel, T., Harley, P., Klinger, L., Lerdau, M., Mckay, W. A., Pierce, T., Scholes, B., Steinbrecher, R., Tallamraju, R., Taylor, J., and Zimmerman, P.: A global model of natural volatile organic compound emissions, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 100, 8873–8892, https://doi.org/10.1029/94JD02950, 1995.
Healy, R. M., Temime, B., Kuprovskyte, K., and Wenger, J. C.: Effect of Relative Humidity on Gas/Particle Partitioning and Aerosol Mass Yield in the Photooxidation of p-Xylene, Environ. Sci. Technol., 43, 1884–1889, https://doi.org/10.1021/es802404z, 2009.
Hinks, M. L., Montoya-Aguilera, J., Ellison, L., Lin, P., Laskin, A., Laskin, J., Shiraiwa, M., Dabdub, D., and Nizkorodov, S. A.: Effect of relative humidity on the composition of secondary organic aerosol from the oxidation of toluene, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 1643–1652, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-1643-2018, 2018.
Hoyle, C. R., Boy, M., Donahue, N. M., Fry, J. L., Glasius, M., Guenther, A., Hallar, A. G., Huff Hartz, K., Petters, M. D., Petäjä, T., Rosenoern, T., and Sullivan, A. P.: A review of the anthropogenic influence on biogenic secondary organic aerosol, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 321–343, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-321-2011, 2011.
Hu, G., Xu, Y., and Jia, L.: Effects of relative humidity on the characterization of a photochemical smog chamber, J. Environ. Sci., 23, 2013–2018, 2011.
Hurst, H. E.: Toxicology of 1,3-Butadiene, Chloroprene, and Isoprene, in: Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology: Continuation of Residue Reviews, edited by: Whitacre, D. M., Ware, G. W., Nigg, H. N., Doerge, D. R., Albert, L. A., de Voogt, P., Gerba, C. P., Hutzinger, O., Knaak, J. B., Mayer, F. L., Morgan, D. P., Park, D. L., Tjeerdema, R. S., Yang, R. S. H., and Gunther, F. A., Springer New York, New York, NY, 131–179, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-35368-5_6, 2007.
IARC: Preamble, in: IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, WHO, Lyon, France, 2015.
IPCS: 1,3-Butadiene: Human health aspects, WHO, Geneva, ISBN 92 4 153030 8, ISSN 1020-6167, https://www.inchem.org/documents/cicads/cicads/cicad30.htm (last access: 14 November 2024), 2001.
Jaoui, M.: Datasets, Data.gov, https://catalog.data.gov/dataset?q=jaoui, last access: 14 November 2024.
Jaoui, M., Kleindienst, T. E., Lewandowski, M., and Edney, E. O.: Identification and Quantification of Aerosol Polar Oxygenated Compounds Bearing Carboxylic or Hydroxyl Groups. 1. Method Development, Anal. Chem., 76, 4765–4778, https://doi.org/10.1021/ac049919h, 2004.
Jaoui, M., Edney, E. O., Kleindienst, T. E., Lewandowski, M., Offenberg, J. H., Surratt, J. D., and Seinfeld, J. H.: Formation of secondary organic aerosol from irradiated α-pinene/toluene/NOx mixtures and the effect of isoprene and sulfur dioxide, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 113, D09303, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007JD009426, 2008.
Jaoui, M., Lewandowski, M., Docherty, K., Offenberg, J. H., and Kleindienst, T. E.: Atmospheric oxidation of 1,3-butadiene: characterization of gas and aerosol reaction products and implications for PM2.5, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 13681–13704, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-13681-2014, 2014.
Jaoui, M., Lewandowski, M., Offenberg, J. H., Colon, M., Docherty, K. S., and Kleindienst, T. E.: Characterization of aerosol nitroaromatic compounds: Validation of an experimental method, J. Mass Spectrom., 53, 680–692, https://doi.org/10.1002/jms.4199, 2018.
Jaoui, M., Szmigielski, R., Nestorowicz, K., Kolodziejczyk, A., Sarang, K., Rudzinski, K. J., Konopka, A., Bulska, E, Lewandowski, M., and Kleindienst, T. E.: Organic hydroxy acids as highly oxygenated molecular (HOM) tracers for aged isoprene aerosol, Environ. Sci. Technol., 53, 14516–14527, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.9b05075, 2019.
Jia, L. and Xu, Y.: Effects of Relative Humidity on Ozone and Secondary Organic Aerosol Formation from the Photooxidation of Benzene and Ethylbenzene, Aerosol Sci. Tech., 48, 1-12, https://doi.org/10.1080/02786826.2013.847269, 2014.
Jia, L. and Xu, Y.: Different roles of water in secondary organic aerosol formation from toluene and isoprene, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 8137–8154, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-8137-2018, 2018.
Jimenez, J. L., Canagaratna, M. R., Donahue, N. M., Prevot, A. S. H., Zhang, Q., Kroll, J. H., DeCarlo, P. F., Allan, J. D., Coe, H., Ng, N. L., Aiken, A. C., Docherty, K. S., Ulbrich, I. M., Grieshop, A. P., Robinson, A. L., Duplissy, J., Smith, J. D., Wilson, K. R., Lanz, V. A., Hueglin, C., Sun, Y. L., Tian, J., Laaksonen, A., Raatikainen, T., Rautiainen, J., Vaattovaara, P., Ehn, M., Kulmala, M., Tomlinson, J. M., Collins, D. R., Cubison, M. J., Dunlea, J., Huffman, J. A., Onasch, T. B., Alfarra, M. R., Williams, P. I., Bower, K., Kondo, Y., Schneider, J., Drewnick, F., Borrmann, S., Weimer, S., Demerjian, K., Salcedo, D., Cottrell, L., Griffin, R., Takami, A., Miyoshi, T., Hatakeyama, S., Shimono, A., Sun, J. Y., Zhang, Y. M., Dzepina, K., Kimmel, J. R., Sueper, D., Jayne, J. T., Herndon, S. C., Trimborn, A. M., Williams, L. R., Wood, E. C., Middlebrook, A. M., Kolb, C. E., Baltensperger, U., and Worsnop, D. R.: Evolution of Organic Aerosols in the Atmosphere, Science, 326, 1525–1529, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1180353, 2009.
Kamens, R. M., Zhang, H., Chen, E. H., Zhou, Y., Parikh, H. M., Wilson, R. L., Galloway, K. E., and Rosen, E. P.: Secondary organic aerosol formation from toluene in an atmospheric hydrocarbon mixture: Water and particle seed effects, Atmos. Environ., 45, 2324–2334, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2010.11.007, 2011.
Kao, A. S.: Formation and Removal Reactions of Hazardous Air Pollutants, Air & Waste, 44, 683–696, https://doi.org/10.1080/1073161X.1994.10467272, 1994.
Kleindienst, T. E., Edney, E. O., Lewandowski, M., Offenberg, J. H., and Jaoui, M.: Secondary Organic Carbon and Aerosol Yields from the Irradiations of Isoprene and α-Pinene in the Presence of NOx and SO2, Environ. Sci. Technol., 40, 3807–3812, https://doi.org/10.1021/es052446r, 2006.
Klodt, A. L., Aiona, P. K., MacMillan, A. C., Lee, H. J., Zhang, X., Helgestad, T., Novak, G. A., Lin, P., Laskin, J., Laskin, A., Bertram, T. H., Cappa, C. D., and Nizkorodov, S. A.: Effect of relative humidity, NOx, and ammonia on the physical properties of naphthalene secondary organic aerosols, Environmental Science: Atmospheres, 3, 991–1007, https://doi.org/10.1039/D3EA00033H, 2023.
Kramp, F. and Paulson, S. E.: The gas phase reaction of ozone with 1,3-butadiene: formation yields of some toxic products, Atmos. Environ., 34, 35–43, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1352-2310(99)00327-1, 2000.
Lei, Z., Chen, Y., Zhang, Y., Cooke, M. E., Ledsky, I. R., Armstrong, N. C., Olson, N. E., Zhang, Z., Gold, A., Surratt, J. D., and Ault, A. P.: Initial pH Governs Secondary Organic Aerosol Phase State and Morphology after Uptake of Isoprene Epoxydiols (IEPOX), Environ. Sci. Technol., 56, 10596–10607, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.2c01579, 2022.
Lewandowski, M., Jaoui, M., Offenberg, J. H., Krug, J. D., and Kleindienst, T. E.: Atmospheric oxidation of isoprene and 1,3-butadiene: influence of aerosol acidity and relative humidity on secondary organic aerosol, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 3773–3783, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-3773-2015, 2015.
Liggio, J., Li, S.-M., and McLaren, R.: Heterogeneous Reactions of Glyoxal on Particulate Matter: Identification of Acetals and Sulfate Esters, Environ. Sci. Technol., 39, 1532–1541, https://doi.org/10.1021/es048375y, 2005.
Liu, S., Jiang, X., Tsona, N. T., Lv, C., and Du, L.: Effects of NOx, SO2 and RH on the SOA formation from cyclohexene photooxidation, Chemosphere, 216, 794–804, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.10.180, 2019.
Liu, X., Jeffries, H. E., and Sexton, K. G.: Hydroxyl radical and ozone initiated photochemical reactions of 1,3-butadiene, Atmos. Environ., 33, 3005–3022, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1352-2310(99)00078-3, 1999.
Liu, Y., Li, Q., Su, G., Wei, D., Zheng, M., Gao, L., Liu, W., and Liu, G.: Photochemical conversion of toluene in simulated atmospheric matrix and characterization of large molecular weight products by +APPI FT-ICR MS, Sci. Total Environ., 649, 111–119, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.08.293, 2019.
Luo, H., Guo, Y., Shen, H., Huang, D. D., Zhangabcef, Y., and Zhao, D.: Effect of relative humidity on the molecular composition of secondary organic aerosols from a-pinene ozonolysis, Environmental Science: Atmospheres, 4, 519–530, https://doi.org/10.1039/D3EA00149K, 2024.
Majewska, M., Khan, F., Pieta, I. S., Wróblewska, A., Szmigielski, R., and Pieta, P.: Toxicity of selected airborne nitrophenols on eukaryotic cell membrane models, Chemosphere, 266, 128996, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128996, 2021.
Manisalidis, I., Stavropoulou, E., Stavropoulos, A., and Bezirtzoglou, E.: Environmental and Health Impacts of Air Pollution: A Review, Frontiers in Public Health, 8, 14, https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2020.00014, 2020.
Myhre, G., Lund Myhre, C. E., Samset, B. H., and Storelvmo, T.: Aerosols and their Relation to Global Climate and Climate Sensitivity, Nature Education Knowledge, 4, 7, 2013.
Nestorowicz, K., Jaoui, M., Rudzinski, K. J., Lewandowski, M., Kleindienst, T. E., Spólnik, G., Danikiewicz, W., and Szmigielski, R.: Chemical composition of isoprene SOA under acidic and non-acidic conditions: effect of relative humidity, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 18101–18121, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-18101-2018, 2018.
Nguyen, T. B., Roach, P. J., Laskin, J., Laskin, A., and Nizkorodov, S. A.: Effect of humidity on the composition of isoprene photooxidation secondary organic aerosol, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 6931–6944, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-6931-2011, 2011.
Notario, A., Le Bras, G., and Mellouki, A.: Kinetics of Cl atom reactions with butadienes including isoprene, Chem. Phys. Lett., 281, 421–425, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0009-2614(97)01303-1, 1997.
Noziere, B., Kalberer, M., Claeys, M., Allan, J., D'Anna, B., Decesari, S., Finessi, E., Glasius, M., Grgic, I., Hamilton, J. F., Hoffmann, T., Iinuma, Y., Jaoui, M., Kahnt, A., Kampf, C. J., Kourtchev, I., Maenhaut, W., Marsden, N., Saarikoski, S., Schnelle-Kreis, J., Surratt, J. D., Szidat, S., Szmigielski, R., and Wisthaler, A.: The molecular identification of organic compounds in the atmosphere: state of the art and challenges, Chem. Rev., 115, 3919–3983, https://doi.org/10.1021/cr5003485, 2015.
Pankow, J. F., Luo, W., Tavakoli, A. D., Chen, C., and Isabelle, L. M.: Delivery Levels and Behavior of 1,3-Butadiene, Acrylonitrile, Benzene, and Other Toxic Volatile Organic Compounds in Mainstream Tobacco Smoke from Two Brands of Commercial Cigarettes, Chem. Res. Toxicol., 17, 805–813, https://doi.org/10.1021/tx0342316, 2004.
Penn, A. and Snyder, C. A.: 1,3 Butadiene, a Vapor Phase Component of Environmental Tobacco Smoke, Accelerates Arteriosclerotic Plaque Development, Circulation, 93, 552–557, https://doi.org/10.1161/01.CIR.93.3.552, 1996.
Pye, H. O. T., Nenes, A., Alexander, B., Ault, A. P., Barth, M. C., Clegg, S. L., Collett Jr., J. L., Fahey, K. M., Hennigan, C. J., Herrmann, H., Kanakidou, M., Kelly, J. T., Ku, I.-T., McNeill, V. F., Riemer, N., Schaefer, T., Shi, G., Tilgner, A., Walker, J. T., Wang, T., Weber, R., Xing, J., Zaveri, R. A., and Zuend, A.: The acidity of atmospheric particles and clouds, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 4809–4888, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-4809-2020, 2020.
Riva, M., Bell, D. M., Hansen, A.-M. K., Drozd, G. T., Zhang, Z., Gold, A., Imre, D., Surratt, J. D., Glasius, M., and Zelenyuk, A.: Effect of Organic Coatings, Humidity and Aerosol Acidity on Multiphase Chemistry of Isoprene Epoxydiols, Environ. Sci. Technol., 50, 5580–5588, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.5b06050, 2016.
Rudziński, K. J., Gmachowski, L., and Kuznietsova, I.: Reactions of isoprene and sulphoxy radical-anions – a possible source of atmospheric organosulphites and organosulphates, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 2129–2140, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-2129-2009, 2009.
Saleh, R., Donahue, N. M., and Robinson, A. L.: Time Scales for Gas-Particle Partitioning Equilibration of Secondary Organic Aerosol Formed from Alpha-Pinene Ozonolysis, Environ. Sci. Technol., 47, 5588–5594, https://doi.org/10.1021/es400078d, 2013.
Sato, K.: Detection of nitrooxypolyols in secondary organic aerosol formed from the photooxidation of conjugated dienes under high-NOx conditions, Atmos. Environ., 42, 6851–6861, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2008.05.010, 2008.
Sato, K., Nakao, S., Clark, C. H., Qi, L., and Cocker III, D. R.: Secondary organic aerosol formation from the photooxidation of isoprene, 1,3-butadiene, and 2,3-dimethyl-1,3-butadiene under high NOx conditions, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 7301–7317, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-7301-2011, 2011.
Scheffe, R. D., Strum, M., Phillips, S. B., Thurman, J., Eyth, A., Fudge, S., Morris, M., Palma, T., and Cook, R.: Hybrid Modeling Approach to Estimate Exposures of Hazardous Air Pollutants (HAPs) for the National Air Toxics Assessment (NATA), Environ. Sci. Technol., 50, 12356–12364, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.6b04752, 2016.
Shrivastava, M., Cappa, C. D., Fan, J., Goldstein, A. H., Guenther, A. B., Jimenez, J. L., Kuang, C., Laskin, A., Martin, S. T., Ng, N. L., Petaja, T., Pierce, J. R., Rasch, P. J., Roldin, P., Seinfeld, J. H., Shilling, J., Smith, J. N., Thornton, J. A., Volkamer, R., Wang, J., Worsnop, D. R., Zaveri, R. A., Zelenyuk, A., and Zhang, Q.: Recent advances in understanding secondary organic aerosol: Implications for global climate forcing, Rev. Geophys., 55, 509–559, https://doi.org/10.1002/2016RG000540, 2017.
Smith, D. F., Kleindienst, T. E., and Hudgens, E. E.: Improved high-performance liquid chromatographic method for artifact-free measurements of aldehydes in the presence of ozone using 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine, J. Chromatogr. A, 483, 431–436, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(01)93146-2, 1989.
Sorsa, M., Peltonen, K., Anderson, D., Demopoulos, N. A., Neumann, H., and Osterman Golkar, S.: Assessment of environmental and occupational exposures to butadiene as a model for risk estimation of petrochemical emission, Mutagenesis, 11, 9–17, https://doi.org/10.1093/mutage/11.1.9, 1996.
Spolnik, G., Wach, P., Rudzinski, K. J., Skotak, K., Danikiewicz, W., and Szmigielski, R.: Improved UHPLC-MS/MS Methods for Analysis of Isoprene-Derived Organosulfates, Anal. Chem., 90, 3416–3423, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.analchem.7b05060, 2018.
Srivastava, D., Vu, T. V., Tong, S., Shi, Z., and Harrison, R. M.: Formation of secondary organic aerosols from anthropogenic precursors in laboratory studies, npj Climate and Atmospheric Science, 5, 22, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41612-022-00238-6, 2022.
Surratt, J. D., Chan, A. W. H., Eddingsaas, N. C., Chan, M., Loza, C. L., Kwan, A. J., Hersey, S. P., Flagan, R. C., Wennberg, P. O., and Seinfeld, J. H.: Reactive intermediates revealed in secondary organic aerosol formation from isoprene, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 107, 6640–6645, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0911114107, 2010.
Szmigielski, R.: Evidence for C5 organosulfur secondary organic aerosol components from in-cloud processing of isoprene: Role of reactive SO4 and SO3 radicals, Atmos. Environ., 130, 14–22, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2015.10.072, 2016.
Tanimoto, H. and Akimoto, H.: A new peroxycarboxylic nitric anhydride identified in the atmosphere: CH2=CHC(O)OONO2 (APAN), Geophys. Res. Lett., 28, 2831–2834, https://doi.org/10.1029/2001GL012998, 2001.
Thomsen, D., Iversen, E. M., Skønager, J. T., Luo, Y., Li, L., Roldin, P., Priestley, M., Pedersen, H. B., Hallquist, M., Ehn, M., Bilde, M., and Glasius, M.: The effect of temperature and relative humidity on secondary organic aerosol formation from ozonolysis of Δ3-carene, Environmental Science: Atmospheres, 4, 88, https://doi.org/10.1039/D3EA00128H, 2024.
Thornton-Manning, J. R., Dahl, A. R., Bechtold, W. E., Griffith Jr., W. C., and Henderson, R. F.: Comparison of the disposition of butadiene epoxides in Sprague–Dawley rats and B6C3F1 mice following a single and repeated exposures to 1,3-butadiene via inhalation, Toxicology, 123, 125–134, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0300-483X(97)00112-1, 1997.
Tilgner, A., Schaefer, T., Alexander, B., Barth, M., Collett Jr., J. L., Fahey, K. M., Nenes, A., Pye, H. O. T., Herrmann, H., and McNeill, V. F.: Acidity and the multiphase chemistry of atmospheric aqueous particles and clouds, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 13483–13536, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-13483-2021, 2021.
U.S. EPA: Locating and estimating air emissions from sources of 1,3-butadiene, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, Research Triangle Park, NC, EPA-454/R-96-008, 1996.
U.S. EPA: Health Assessment Of 1,3-Butadiene, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Center for Environmental Assessment, Washington Office, Washington, DC, EPA/600/P-98/001F, 2002.
Wach, P., Spolnik, G., Surratt, J. D., Blaziak, K., Rudzinski, K. J., Lin, Y. H., Maenhaut, W., Danikiewicz, W., Claeys, M., and Szmigielski, R.: Structural Characterization of Lactone-Containing MW 212 Organosulfates Originating from Isoprene Oxidation in Ambient Fine Aerosol, Environ. Sci. Technol., 54, 1415–1424, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.9b06190, 2020.
Wang, Q., Li, Q., Wei, D., Su, G., Wu, M., Li, C., Sun, B., and Dai, L.: Photochemical reactions of 1,3-butadiene with nitrogen oxide in different matrices: Kinetic behavior, humidity effect, product and mechanisms, Sci. Total Environ., 721, 137747, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137747, 2020.
Wexler, A. S. and Clegg, S. L.: Atmospheric aerosol models for systems including the ions H+, NH
Wolfe, G. M., Kaiser, J., Hanisco, T. F., Keutsch, F. N., de Gouw, J. A., Gilman, J. B., Graus, M., Hatch, C. D., Holloway, J., Horowitz, L. W., Lee, B. H., Lerner, B. M., Lopez-Hilifiker, F., Mao, J., Marvin, M. R., Peischl, J., Pollack, I. B., Roberts, J. M., Ryerson, T. B., Thornton, J. A., Veres, P. R., and Warneke, C.: Formaldehyde production from isoprene oxidation across NOx regimes, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 2597–2610, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-2597-2016, 2016.
Ye, Y., Galbally, I. E., Weeks, I. A., Duffy, B. L., and Nelson, P. F.: Evaporative emissions of 1,3-butadiene from petrol-fuelled motor vehicles, Atmos. Environ., 32, 2685–2692, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1352-2310(97)00379-8, 1998.
Zhang, H., Surratt, J. D., Lin, Y. H., Bapat, J., and Kamens, R. M.: Effect of relative humidity on SOA formation from isoprene/NO photooxidation: enhancement of 2-methylglyceric acid and its corresponding oligoesters under dry conditions, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 6411–6424, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-6411-2011, 2011.
Zhang, J., Shrivastava, M., Zelenyuk, A., Zaveri, R. A., Surratt, J. D., Riva, M., Bell, D., and Glasius, M.: Observationally Constrained Modeling of the Reactive Uptake of Isoprene-Derived Epoxydiols under Elevated Relative Humidity and Varying Acidity of Seed Aerosol Conditions, ACS Earth Space Chem., 7, 788–799, https://doi.org/10.1021/acsearthspacechem.2c00358, 2023.
Zhang, T., Shen, Z. X., Su, H., Liu, S. X., Zhou, J. M., Zhao, Z. Z., Wang, Q. Y., Prévôt, A. S. H., and Cao, J. J.: Effects of Aerosol Water Content on the formation of secondary inorganic aerosol during a Winter Heavy PM2.5 Pollution Episode in Xi'an, China, Atmos. Environ., 252, 118304, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2021.118304, 2021.
Zhou, Y., Zhang, H., Parikh, H. M., Chen, E. H., Rattanavaraha, W., Rosen, E. P., Wang, W., and Kamens, R. M.: Secondary organic aerosol formation from xylenes and mixtures of toluene and xylenes in an atmospheric urban hydrocarbon mixture: Water and particle seed effects (II), Atmos. Environ., 45, 3882–3890, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2010.12.048, 2011.
Short summary
Recent research has established the contribution of 1,3-butadiene (13BD) to organic aerosol formation with negative implications for urban air quality. Health effect studies have focused on whole particulate matter, but compounds responsible for adverse health effects remain uncertain. This study provides the effect of relative humidity and seed aerosol acidity on the chemical composition of aerosol formed from 13BD photooxidation.
Recent research has established the contribution of 1,3-butadiene (13BD) to organic aerosol...
Altmetrics
Final-revised paper
Preprint