Articles | Volume 21, issue 14
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-11337-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-11337-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Measurement report: Long-emission-wavelength chromophores dominate the light absorption of brown carbon in aerosols over Bangkok: impact from biomass burning
Jiao Tang
State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key
Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou
Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640,
China
CAS Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou 510640,
China
Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macao Joint Laboratory for Environmental Pollution and Control, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
Jiaqi Wang
State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key
Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou
Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640,
China
CAS Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou 510640,
China
Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macao Joint Laboratory for Environmental Pollution and Control, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
Guangcai Zhong
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key
Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou
Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640,
China
CAS Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou 510640,
China
Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macao Joint Laboratory for Environmental Pollution and Control, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
Hongxing Jiang
State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key
Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou
Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640,
China
CAS Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou 510640,
China
Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macao Joint Laboratory for Environmental Pollution and Control, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
Yangzhi Mo
State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key
Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou
Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640,
China
CAS Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou 510640,
China
Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macao Joint Laboratory for Environmental Pollution and Control, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
Bolong Zhang
State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key
Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou
Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640,
China
CAS Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou 510640,
China
Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macao Joint Laboratory for Environmental Pollution and Control, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
Xiaofei Geng
State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key
Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou
Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640,
China
CAS Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou 510640,
China
Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macao Joint Laboratory for Environmental Pollution and Control, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
Yingjun Chen
Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China
Jianhui Tang
Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological
Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of
Sciences, Yantai 264003, China
Congguo Tian
Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological
Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of
Sciences, Yantai 264003, China
Surat Bualert
Faculty of Environment, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key
Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou
Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640,
China
CAS Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou 510640,
China
Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macao Joint Laboratory for Environmental Pollution and Control, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
Gan Zhang
State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key
Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou
Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640,
China
CAS Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou 510640,
China
Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macao Joint Laboratory for Environmental Pollution and Control, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
Related authors
Jiao Tang, Jun Li, Shizhen Zhao, Guangcai Zhong, Yangzhi Mo, Hongxing Jiang, Bin Jiang, Yingjun Chen, Jianhui Tang, Chongguo Tian, Zheng Zong, Jabir Hussain Syed, Jianzhong Song, and Gan Zhang
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-403, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-403, 2023
Preprint archived
Short summary
Short summary
This study provides a comprehensive molecular identification of atmospheric common fluorescent components and deciphers their related formation pathways. The fluorescent components varied in molecular composition, and a dominant oxidation pathway for the formation of humic-like fluorescent components was suggested, notwithstanding their different precursor types. Our findings are expected to be helpful to further studies using the EEM-PARAFAC as a tool to study atmospheric BrC.
Buqing Xu, Jiao Tang, Tiangang Tang, Shizhen Zhao, Guangcai Zhong, Sanyuan Zhu, Jun Li, and Gan Zhang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 1565–1578, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-1565-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-1565-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We analyzed compound-specific dual-carbon isotope signatures (Δ14C and δ13C) of dominant secondary organic aerosol (SOA) tracer molecules (i.e., oxalic acid) to investigate the fates of SOAs in the atmosphere at five emission hotspots in China. The results indicated that SOA carbon sources and chemical processes producing SOAs vary spatially and seasonally, and these variations need to be included in Chinese climate projection models and air quality management practices.
Zeyu Sun, Zheng Zong, Yang Tan, Chongguo Tian, Zeyu Liu, Fan Zhang, Rong Sun, Yingjun Chen, Jun Li, and Gan Zhang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 12851–12865, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-12851-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-12851-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This is the first report of ship-emitted nitrogen stable isotope composition (δ15N) of nitrogen oxides (NOx). The results showed that δ15N–NOx from ships was −18.5 ± 10.9 ‰ and increased monotonically with tightening emission regulations. The selective catalytic reduction system was the most vital factor. The temporal variation in δ15N–NOx was evaluated and can be used to select suitable δ15N–NOx for a more accurate assessment of the contribution of ship-emitted exhaust to atmospheric NOx.
Wenwen Ma, Rong Sun, Xiaoping Wang, Zheng Zong, Shizhen Zhao, Zeyu Sun, Chongguo Tian, Jianhui Tang, Song Cui, Jun Li, and Gan Zhang
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-1995, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-1995, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This is the first report of long-term atmospheric PAHs monitoring around the Bohai Sea. The results showed that the concentrations of PAHs in the atmosphere of Bohai Sea was decreasing from June 2014 to May 2019, especially the high toxic PAHs concentrations. This indicated that the contribution of PAHs sources had been changed by some certain extent at different areas, and it also led to the reduction of the related health risk and medical costs during pollution prevention and control.
Mengying Bao, Yan-Lin Zhang, Fang Cao, Yihang Hong, Yu-Chi Lin, Mingyuan Yu, Hongxing Jiang, Zhineng Cheng, Rongshuang Xu, and Xiaoying Yang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 8305–8324, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-8305-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-8305-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The interaction between the sources and molecular compositions of humic-like substances (HULIS) at Nanjing, China, was explored. Significant fossil fuel source contributions to HULIS were found in the 14C results from biomass burnng and traffic emissions. Increasing biogenic secondary organic aerosol (SOA) products and anthropogenic aromatic compounds were detected in summer and winter, respectively.
Xiangyun Zhang, Jun Li, Sanyuan Zhu, Junwen Liu, Ping Ding, Shutao Gao, Chongguo Tian, Yingjun Chen, Ping'an Peng, and Gan Zhang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 7495–7502, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-7495-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-7495-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The results show that 14C elemental carbon (EC) was not only related to the isolation method but also to the types and proportions of the biomass sources in the sample. The hydropyrolysis (Hypy) method, which can be used to isolate a highly stable portion of ECHypy and avoid charring, is a more effective and stable approach for the matrix-independent 14C quantification of EC in aerosols, and the 13C–ECHypy and non-fossil ECHypy values of SRM1649b were –24.9 ‰ and 11 %, respectively.
Tingting Li, Jun Li, Zeyu Sun, Hongxing Jiang, Chongguo Tian, and Gan Zhang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 6395–6407, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-6395-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-6395-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
N-NH4+ and N-NO3- were vital components in nitrogenous aerosols and contributed 69 % to total nitrogen in PM2.5. Coal combustion was still the most important source of urban atmospheric NO3-. However, the non-agriculture sources play an increasingly important role in NH4+ emissions.
Jiao Tang, Jun Li, Shizhen Zhao, Guangcai Zhong, Yangzhi Mo, Hongxing Jiang, Bin Jiang, Yingjun Chen, Jianhui Tang, Chongguo Tian, Zheng Zong, Jabir Hussain Syed, Jianzhong Song, and Gan Zhang
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-403, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-403, 2023
Preprint archived
Short summary
Short summary
This study provides a comprehensive molecular identification of atmospheric common fluorescent components and deciphers their related formation pathways. The fluorescent components varied in molecular composition, and a dominant oxidation pathway for the formation of humic-like fluorescent components was suggested, notwithstanding their different precursor types. Our findings are expected to be helpful to further studies using the EEM-PARAFAC as a tool to study atmospheric BrC.
Tao Cao, Meiju Li, Cuncun Xu, Jianzhong Song, Xingjun Fan, Jun Li, Wanglu Jia, and Ping'an Peng
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 2613–2625, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-2613-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-2613-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This work comprehensively investigated the fluorescence data of light-absorbing organic compounds, water-soluble organic matter in different types of aerosol samples, soil dust, and fulvic and humic acids using an excitation–emission matrix (EEM) method and parallel factor modeling. The results revealed which light-absorbing species can be detected by EEM and also provided important information for identifying the chemical composition and possible sources of these species in atmospheric samples.
Buqing Xu, Jiao Tang, Tiangang Tang, Shizhen Zhao, Guangcai Zhong, Sanyuan Zhu, Jun Li, and Gan Zhang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 1565–1578, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-1565-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-1565-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We analyzed compound-specific dual-carbon isotope signatures (Δ14C and δ13C) of dominant secondary organic aerosol (SOA) tracer molecules (i.e., oxalic acid) to investigate the fates of SOAs in the atmosphere at five emission hotspots in China. The results indicated that SOA carbon sources and chemical processes producing SOAs vary spatially and seasonally, and these variations need to be included in Chinese climate projection models and air quality management practices.
Chunlin Zou, Tao Cao, Meiju Li, Jianzhong Song, Bin Jiang, Wanglu Jia, Jun Li, Xiang Ding, Zhiqiang Yu, Gan Zhang, and Ping'an Peng
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 963–979, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-963-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-963-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
In this study, PM2.5 samples were obtained during a winter haze event in Guangzhou, China, and light absorption and molecular composition of humic-like substances (HULIS) were investigated by UV–Vis spectrophotometry and ultrahigh-resolution mass spectrometry. The findings obtained present some differences from the results reported in other regions of China and significantly enhanced our understanding of HULIS evolution during haze bloom-decay processes in the subtropic region of southern China.
Hongxing Jiang, Jun Li, Jiao Tang, Min Cui, Shizhen Zhao, Yangzhi Mo, Chongguo Tian, Xiangyun Zhang, Bin Jiang, Yuhong Liao, Yingjun Chen, and Gan Zhang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 6919–6935, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-6919-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-6919-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We conducted field observation employing Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry to characterize the molecular composition and major formation pathways or sources of organosulfur compounds in Guangzhou, where is heavily influenced by biogenic–anthropogenic interactions and has high relative humidity and temperature. We suggested that heterogeneous reactions such as SO2 uptake and heterogeneous oxidations are important to the molecular variations of organosulfur compounds.
Shichao Tian, Birgit Gaye, Jianhui Tang, Yongming Luo, Wenguo Li, Niko Lahajnar, Kirstin Dähnke, Tina Sanders, Tianqi Xiong, Weidong Zhai, and Kay-Christian Emeis
Biogeosciences, 19, 2397–2415, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2397-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2397-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We constrain the nitrogen budget and in particular the internal sources and sinks of nitrate in the Bohai Sea by using a mass-based and dual stable isotope approach based on δ15N and δ18O of nitrate. Based on available mass fluxes and isotope data an updated nitrogen budget is proposed. Compared to previous estimates, it is more complete and includes the impact of the interior cycle (nitrification) on the nitrate pool. The main external nitrogen sources are rivers contributing 19.2 %–25.6 %.
Xuewu Fu, Chen Liu, Hui Zhang, Yue Xu, Hui Zhang, Jun Li, Xiaopu Lyu, Gan Zhang, Hai Guo, Xun Wang, Leiming Zhang, and Xinbin Feng
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 6721–6734, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-6721-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-6721-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
TGM concentrations and isotopic compositions in 10 Chinese cities showed strong seasonality with higher TGM concentrations and Δ199Hg and lower δ202Hg in summer. We found the seasonal variations in TGM concentrations and isotopic compositions were highly related to regional surface Hg(0) emissions, suggesting land surface Hg(0) emissions are an important source of atmospheric TGM that contribute dominantly to the seasonal variations in TGM concentrations and isotopic compositions.
Jianzhong Sun, Yuzhe Zhang, Guorui Zhi, Regina Hitzenberger, Wenjing Jin, Yingjun Chen, Lei Wang, Chongguo Tian, Zhengying Li, Rong Chen, Wen Xiao, Yuan Cheng, Wei Yang, Liying Yao, Yang Cao, Duo Huang, Yueyuan Qiu, Jiali Xu, Xiaofei Xia, Xin Yang, Xi Zhang, Zheng Zong, Yuchun Song, and Changdong Wu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 2329–2341, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-2329-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-2329-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Brown carbon (BrC) emission factors from household biomass fuels were measured with an integrating sphere optics approach supported by iterative calculations. A novel algorithm to directly estimate the absorption contribution of BrC relative to that of BrC + black carbon (FBrC) was proposed based purely on the absorption exponent (AAE)
(FBrC = 0.5519 lnAAE + 0.0067). The FBrC for household biomass fuels was as high as 50.8 % across the strongest solar spectral range of 350−850 nm.
Qingcai Chen, Haoyao Sun, Wenhuai Song, Fang Cao, Chongguo Tian, and Yan-Lin Zhang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 14407–14417, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-14407-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-14407-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
This study found environmentally persistent free radicals (EPFRs) are widely present in atmospheric particles of different particle sizes and exhibit significant particle size distribution characteristics. EPFR concentrations are higher in coarse particles than in fine particles in summer and vice versa in winter. The potential toxicity caused by EPFRs may also vary with particle size and season. Combustion is the most important source of EPFRs (>70 %).
Jiao Tang, Jun Li, Tao Su, Yong Han, Yangzhi Mo, Hongxing Jiang, Min Cui, Bin Jiang, Yingjun Chen, Jianhui Tang, Jianzhong Song, Ping'an Peng, and Gan Zhang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 2513–2532, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-2513-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-2513-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
We investigated the light absorption, fluorescence, and molecular composition of dissolved organic carbon from the simulated combustion of biomass and coal and vehicle emissions with UV–vis spectra, EEM-PARAFAC, and FT-ICR MS. We observed high light absorption capacity from source emissions, and fluorescence spectra and molecular structures varied by source. We concluded that an EEM- and molecular-composition-based methodology could be helpful in the source apportionment of atmospheric aerosols.
Fan Zhang, Hai Guo, Yingjun Chen, Volker Matthias, Yan Zhang, Xin Yang, and Jianmin Chen
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 1549–1564, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-1549-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-1549-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Particulate matter (PM) emitted from ships has gained more attention in recent decades. Organic matter, elemental carbon, water-soluble ions and heavy metals in PM and particle numbers are the main points. However, studies of detailed chemical compositions in particles with different size ranges emitted from ships are in shortage. This study could bring new and detailed measurement data into the field of size-segregated particles from ships and be of great source emission interest.
Yu-Qing Zhang, Duo-Hong Chen, Xiang Ding, Jun Li, Tao Zhang, Jun-Qi Wang, Qian Cheng, Hao Jiang, Wei Song, Yu-Bo Ou, Peng-Lin Ye, Gan Zhang, and Xin-Ming Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 14403–14415, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-14403-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-14403-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
BSOA formation is affected by human activities, which are not well understood in polluted areas. In the polluted PRD region, we find that monoterpene SOA is aged, which probably results from high Ox and sulfate levels. NOx levels significantly affect isoprene SOA formation pathways. An unexpected increase of β-caryophyllene SOA in winter is also highly associated with enhanced biomass burning, Ox, and sulfate. Our results indicate that BSOA could be reduced by lowering anthropogenic emissions.
Min Cui, Cheng Li, Yingjun Chen, Fan Zhang, Jun Li, Bin Jiang, Yangzhi Mo, Jia Li, Caiqing Yan, Mei Zheng, Zhiyong Xie, Gan Zhang, and Junyu Zheng
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 13945–13956, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-13945-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-13945-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Refined source apportionment is urgently needed but hard to achieve due to a lack of specific biomarkers. Recently, Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry has been used to analyse the probable chemical structure of polar organic matter emitted from off-road engines. We found more condensed aromatic rings in S-containing compounds for HFO-fueled vessels, while more abundant aliphatic chains were observed in emissions from diesel equipment.
Yunhua Chang, Yan-Lin Zhang, Jiarong Li, Chongguo Tian, Linlin Song, Xiaoyao Zhai, Wenqi Zhang, Tong Huang, Yu-Chi Lin, Chao Zhu, Yunting Fang, Moritz F. Lehmann, and Jianmin Chen
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 12221–12234, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-12221-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-12221-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
The present work underscores the value of cloud water dissolved inorganic nitrogen isotopes as carriers of quantitative information on regional NOx and NH3 emissions. It sheds light on the origin and production pathways of nitrogenous species in clouds and emphasizes the importance of biomass-burning-derived nitrogenous species as cloud condensation nuclei in China’s troposphere. Moreover, it highlights the rapid evolution of NOx emissions in China.
Kangning Li, Xingnan Ye, Hongwei Pang, Xiaohui Lu, Hong Chen, Xiaofei Wang, Xin Yang, Jianmin Chen, and Yingjun Chen
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 15201–15218, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-15201-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-15201-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Temporal variation in the hygroscopicity and its correlation with the mixing state of ambient BC particles were studied using a HTDMA–SP2 system. Secondary organic carbon formation and condensation of nitrates were mainly responsible for the changes of hygroscopicity of BC particles during daytime and nighttime, respectively. Different atmospheric aging processes led to the change of BC particles' mixing states, which play a fundamental role in determining their hygroscopicity.
Yunhua Chang, Yanlin Zhang, Chongguo Tian, Shichun Zhang, Xiaoyan Ma, Fang Cao, Xiaoyan Liu, Wenqi Zhang, Thomas Kuhn, and Moritz F. Lehmann
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 11647–11661, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-11647-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-11647-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
We demonstrate that it is imperative that future studies, making use of isotope mixing models to gain conclusive constraints on the source partitioning of atmospheric NOx, consider this N isotope fractionation. Future assessments of NOx emissions in China (and elsewhere) should involve simultaneous δ15N and δ18O measurements of atmospheric nitrate and NOx at high spatiotemporal resolution, allowing former N-isotope-based NOx source partitioning estimates to be reevaluated more quantitatively.
Di Liu, Matthias Vonwiller, Jun Li, Junwen Liu, Sönke Szidat, Yanlin Zhang, Chongguo Tian, Yinjun Chen, Zhineng Cheng, Guangcai Zhong, Pingqing Fu, and Gan Zhang
Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2018-295, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2018-295, 2018
Revised manuscript not accepted
Di Liu, Jun Li, Zhineng Cheng, Guangcai Zhong, Sanyuan Zhu, Ping Ding, Chengde Shen, Chongguo Tian, Yingjun Chen, Guorui Zhi, and Gan Zhang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 11491–11502, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-11491-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-11491-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
To elucidate the carbon sources of air pollution, source apportionment was conducted using radiocarbon and unique molecular organic tracers during the beginning of winter 2013 in 10 Chinese cities. The results indicated that non-fossil-fuel (NF) emissions were predominant. During haze episodes, there were no dramatic changes in the carbon source or composition in the cities under study, but the contribution of primary OC from both fossil fuel and NF increased significantly.
Yunhua Chang, Congrui Deng, Fang Cao, Chang Cao, Zhong Zou, Shoudong Liu, Xuhui Lee, Jun Li, Gan Zhang, and Yanlin Zhang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 9945–9964, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-9945-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-9945-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
This paper presents the results from a 5-year and near-real-time measurement study of carbonaceous aerosols in PM2.5 conducted at an urban site in Shanghai. Moreover, we integrated the results from historical field measurements and satellite observations, concluding that carbonaceous aerosol pollution in Shanghai has gradually reduced since 2006. This can be largely explained by the introduction of air-cleaning measures such as controlling vehicular emissions.
Min Cui, Yingjun Chen, Yanli Feng, Cheng Li, Junyu Zheng, Chongguo Tian, Caiqing Yan, and Mei Zheng
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 6779–6795, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-6779-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-6779-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
PM emitted from diesel vehicles has a severe impact on air quality and human health. However, characteristics of PM from diesel vehicles, particularly measured under real-world condition, are scarce. In this study, 6 excavators and 5 trucks were tested to characterize constituents of PM. PM emission factor (EFPM) and compositions were affected by fuel quality, operating modes and emission standards. Moreover, EFPM and risk of carcinogenic for excavators were 1.7 and 31 fold of those for trucks.
Jianzhong Sun, Guorui Zhi, Regina Hitzenberger, Yingjun Chen, Chongguo Tian, Yayun Zhang, Yanli Feng, Miaomiao Cheng, Yuzhe Zhang, Jing Cai, Feng Chen, Yiqin Qiu, Zhiming Jiang, Jun Li, Gan Zhang, and Yangzhi Mo
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 4769–4780, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-4769-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-4769-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
This paper investigates the emission factors and the light absorption properties of brown carbon (BrC) from China’s household coal burning. Seven coals of various ranks were burned in four typical stoves as both chunk and briquette styles. The optical integrating sphere (IS) method was employed to quantify BrC and black carbon (BC). We conclude that, in the scenario of current household coal burning in China, solar light absorption by BrC accounts for 26.5 % of the total absorption.
Zheng Zong, Xiaoping Wang, Chongguo Tian, Yingjun Chen, Lin Qu, Ling Ji, Guorui Zhi, Jun Li, and Gan Zhang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 11249–11265, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-11249-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-11249-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
We explore the source apportionment of PM2.5 in North China in winter using an original combination method, and coal combustion, biomass burning and vehicle emissions are identified as the largest contributors of PM2.5, accounting for 29.6, 19.3 and 15.8 %, respectively. Biomass burning emission was highlighted in the present study because of its dominant contribution to the PM2.5 burden in the Shandong Peninsula and because it is neglected in the air pollution control program.
Fan Zhang, Yingjun Chen, Chongguo Tian, Diming Lou, Jun Li, Gan Zhang, and Volker Matthias
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 6319–6334, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-6319-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-6319-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
In this study, on-board tests of three offshore vessels in China have been carried out for the first time. Emission factors for gaseous species, PM, and relevant chemical components (OC, EC, metal elements, and water soluble ions) in different operating modes are given, which means a lot for estimating contributions of ships to atmosphere and calculating emission inventories of ships. Additionally, impacts of engine speed on NOx emission factors are discussed for the first time.
Junwen Liu, Jun Li, Di Liu, Ping Ding, Chengde Shen, Yangzhi Mo, Xinming Wang, Chunling Luo, Zhineng Cheng, Sönke Szidat, Yanlin Zhang, Yingjun Chen, and Gan Zhang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 2985–2996, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-2985-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-2985-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Many Chinese cities now are suffering the high loadings of fine particular matters, which can bring a lot of negative impacts on air quality, human health, and the climate system. The Chinese government generally focuses on the control of the emissions from vehicles and industry. Our results evidently show that the burning of biomass materials such as wood and agricultural residues can lead to the urban air pollution in China. The characteristic of haze covering China is distinct from regions.
Related subject area
Subject: Aerosols | Research Activity: Field Measurements | Altitude Range: Troposphere | Science Focus: Chemistry (chemical composition and reactions)
Source apportionment of soot particles and aqueous-phase processing of black carbon coatings in an urban environment
Seasonal variations in composition and sources of atmospheric ultrafine particles in urban Beijing based on near-continuous measurements
Summertime response of ozone and fine particulate matter to mixing layer meteorology over the North China Plain
Trace elements in PM2.5 aerosols in East Asian outflow in the spring of 2018: emission, transport, and source apportionment
Measurement Report: Investigation on the sources and formation processes of dicarboxylic acids and related species in urban aerosols before and during the COVID-19 lockdown in Jinan, East China
pH dependence of brown-carbon optical properties in cloud water
Oxidative potential in rural, suburban and city centre atmospheric environments in central Europe
Secondary aerosol formation during a special dust transport event: impacts from unusually enhanced ozone and dust backflows over the ocean
Intra-event evolution of elemental and ionic concentrations in wet deposition in an urban environment
Spatial and diurnal variations of aerosol organosulfates in summertime Shanghai, China: potential influence of photochemical processes and anthropogenic sulfate pollution
Characterizing water-soluble brown carbon in fine particles in four typical cities in northwestern China during wintertime: integrating optical properties with chemical processes
Chemical composition-dependent hygroscopic behavior of individual ambient aerosol particles collected at a coastal site
Gas–particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds when wildfire smoke comes to town
Enrichment of calcium in sea spray aerosol: insights from bulk measurements and individual particle analysis during the R/V Xuelong cruise in the summertime in Ross Sea, Antarctica
Source apportionment study on particulate air pollution in two high-altitude Bolivian cities: La Paz and El Alto
Morphological features and water solubility of iron in aged fine aerosol particles over the Indian Ocean
Short-term Source Apportionment of Fine Particulate Matter with Time-dependent Profiles Using SoFi: Exploring the Reliability of Rolling Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) Applied to Bihourly Molecular and Elemental Tracer Data
What chemical species are responsible for new particle formation and growth in the Netherlands? A hybrid positive matrix factorization (PMF) analysis using aerosol composition (ACSM) and size (SMPS)
Measurement report: Stoichiometry of dissolved iron and aluminum as an indicator of the factors controlling the fractional solubility of aerosol iron – results of the annual observations of size-fractionated aerosol particles in Japan
In-depth study of the formation processes of single atmospheric particles in the south-eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau
Climatology of aerosol properties at an atmospheric monitoring site on the northern California coast
Concurrent photochemical whitening and darkening of ambient brown carbon
High-time-resolution chemical composition and source apportionment of PM2.5 in northern Chinese cities: implications for policy
Measurement report: New insights into the mixing structures of black carbon on the eastern Tibetan Plateau – soot redistribution and fractal dimension enhancement by liquid–liquid phase separation
Seasonal variations in the production of singlet oxygen and organic triplet excited states in aqueous PM2.5 in Hong Kong SAR, South China
Fractional solubility of iron in mineral dust aerosols over coastal Namibia: a link with marine biogenic emissions?
Nighttime NO emissions strongly suppress chlorine and nitrate radical formation during the winter in Delhi
Influence of natural and anthropogenic aerosols on cloud base droplet size distributions in clouds over the South China Sea and West Pacific
The important contribution of secondary formation and biomass burning to oxidized organic nitrogen (OON) in a polluted urban area: insights from in situ measurements of a chemical ionization mass spectrometer (CIMS)
Measurement report: A 1-year study to estimate maritime contributions to PM10 in a coastal area in northern France
Marine Carbohydrates in Arctic Aerosol Particles and Fog – Diversity of Oceanic Sources and Atmospheric Transformations
Evolution and chemical characteristics of organic aerosols during wintertime PM2.5 episodes in Shanghai, China: insights gained from online measurements of organic molecular markers
Arctic observations of hydroperoxymethyl thioformate (HPMTF) – seasonal behavior and relationship to other oxidation products of dimethyl sulfide at the Zeppelin Observatory, Svalbard
A 1-year aerosol chemical speciation monitor (ACSM) source analysis of organic aerosol particle contributions from anthropogenic sources after long-range transport at the TROPOS research station Melpitz
Contributions of primary emissions and secondary formation to nitrated aromatic compounds in themountain background region of Southeast China
Mist cannon trucks can exacerbate the formation of water-soluble organic aerosol and PM2.5 pollution in the road environment
Amino acids, carbohydrates, and lipids in the tropical oligotrophic Atlantic Ocean: sea-to-air transfer and atmospheric in situ formation
Ambient carbonaceous aerosol levels in Cyprus and the role of pollution transport from the Middle East
High contribution of anthropogenic combustion sources to atmospheric inorganic reactive nitrogen in South China evidenced by isotopes
Measurement report: Diurnal variations of brown carbon during two distinct seasons in a megacity in northeast China
Source Apportionment of PM2.5 in Montréal, Canada and Health Risk Assessment for Potentially Toxic Elements
Characterization of water-soluble brown carbon chromophores from wildfire plumes in the western US using size exclusion chromatography
Comprehensive mass spectrometric analysis of unprecedented high levels of carbonaceous aerosol particles long-range transported from wildfires in the Siberian Arctic
Vertical profiles of volatile organic compounds and fine particles in atmospheric air by using an aerial drone with miniaturized samplers and portable devices
Multiple pathways for the formation of secondary organic aerosol in the North China Plain in summer
Insights into characteristics and formation mechanisms of secondary organic aerosols in the Guangzhou urban area
Particulate-bound alkyl nitrate pollution and formation mechanisms in Beijing, China
An attribution of the low single-scattering albedo of biomass burning aerosol over the southeastern Atlantic
Measurement report: Rapid changes of chemical characteristics and health risks for highly time resolved trace elements in PM2.5 in a typical industrial city in response to stringent clean air actions
Measurement report: Summertime fluorescence characteristics of atmospheric water-soluble organic carbon in the marine boundary layer of the western Arctic Ocean
Ryan N. Farley, Sonya Collier, Christopher D. Cappa, Leah R. Williams, Timothy B. Onasch, Lynn M. Russell, Hwajin Kim, and Qi Zhang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 15039–15056, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-15039-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-15039-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Soot particles, also known as black carbon (BC), have important implications for global climate and regional air quality. After the particles are emitted, BC can be coated with other material, impacting the aerosol properties. We selectively measured the composition of particles containing BC to explore their sources and chemical transformations in the atmosphere. We focus on a persistent, multiday fog event in order to study the effects of chemical reactions occurring within liquid droplets.
Xiaoxiao Li, Yijing Chen, Yuyang Li, Runlong Cai, Yiran Li, Chenjuan Deng, Jin Wu, Chao Yan, Hairong Cheng, Yongchun Liu, Markku Kulmala, Jiming Hao, James N. Smith, and Jingkun Jiang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 14801–14812, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-14801-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-14801-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Near-continuous measurements show the composition, sources, and seasonal variations of ultrafine particles (UFPs) in urban Beijing. Vehicle and cooking emissions and new particle formation are the main sources of UFPs, and aqueous/heterogeneous processes increase UFP mode diameters. UFPs are the highest in winter due to the highest primary particle emission rates and new particle formation rates, and CHO fractions are the highest in summer due to the strongest photooxidation.
Jiaqi Wang, Jian Gao, Fei Che, Xin Yang, Yuanqin Yang, Lei Liu, Yan Xiang, and Haisheng Li
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 14715–14733, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-14715-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-14715-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Regional-scale observations of surface O3, PM2.5 and its major chemical species, mixing layer height (MLH), and other meteorological parameters were made in the North China Plain during summer. Unlike the cold season, synchronized increases in MDA8 O3 and PM2.5 under medium MLH conditions have been witnessed. The increasing trend of PM2.5 was associated with enhanced secondary chemical formation. The correlation between MLH and secondary air pollutants should be treated with care in hot seasons.
Takuma Miyakawa, Akinori Ito, Chunmao Zhu, Atsushi Shimizu, Erika Matsumoto, Yusuke Mizuno, and Yugo Kanaya
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 14609–14626, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-14609-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-14609-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This study conducted semi-continuous measurements of PM2.5 aerosols and their elemental composition in western Japan, during spring 2018. It analyzed the emissions, transport, and wet removal of elements such as Pb, Cu, Fe, and Mn. It also assessed the accuracy of modeled concentrations and found overestimations of BC and underestimations of Cu and anthropogenic Fe in East Asia. Insights into emissions, removals, and source apportionment of trace metals in the East Asian outflow were provided.
Jingjing Meng, Yachen Wang, Yuanyuan Li, Tonglin Huang, Zhifei Wang, Yiqiu Wang, Min Chen, Zhanfang Hou, Houhua Zhou, Keding Lu, Kimitaka Kawamura, and Pingqing Fu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 14481–14503, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-14481-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-14481-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This study investigated the effect of COVID-19 lockdown (LCD) measures on the formation and evolutionary process of diacids and related compounds from field observations. Results demonstrate that more aged organic aerosols are observed during the LCD due to the enhanced photochemical oxidation. Our study also found that the reactivity of 13C was higher than that of 12C in the gaseous photochemical oxidation, leading to higher δ13C values of C2 during the LCD than before the LCD.
Christopher J. Hennigan, Michael McKee, Vikram Pratap, Bryanna Boegner, Jasper Reno, Lucia Garcia, Madison McLaren, and Sara M. Lance
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 14437–14449, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-14437-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-14437-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This study characterized the optical properties of light-absorbing organic compounds, called brown carbon (BrC), in atmospheric cloud water samples. In all samples, light absorption by BrC increased linearly with increasing pH. There was variability in the sensitivity of the absorption–pH relationship, depending on the degree of influence from fire emissions. Overall, these results show that the climate forcing of BrC is quite strongly affected by its pH-dependent absorption.
Máté Vörösmarty, Gaëlle Uzu, Jean-Luc Jaffrezo, Pamela Dominutti, Zsófia Kertész, Enikő Papp, and Imre Salma
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 14255–14269, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-14255-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-14255-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Poor air quality caused by high concentrations of particulate matter is one of the most severe public health concerns for humans worldwide. One of the most important biological mechanisms inducing adverse health effects is the oxidant–antioxidant imbalance. We showed that the oxidative stress changed substantially and in a complex manner with location and season. Biomass burning exhibited the dominant influence, while motor vehicles played an important role in the non-heating period.
Da Lu, Hao Li, Mengke Tian, Guochen Wang, Xiaofei Qin, Na Zhao, Juntao Huo, Fan Yang, Yanfen Lin, Jia Chen, Qingyan Fu, Yusen Duan, Xinyi Dong, Congrui Deng, Sabur F. Abdullaev, and Kan Huang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 13853–13868, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-13853-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-13853-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Environmental conditions during dust are usually not favorable for secondary aerosol formation. However in this study, an unusual dust event was captured in a Chinese mega-city and showed “anomalous” meteorology and a special dust backflow transport pathway. The underlying formation mechanisms of secondary aerosols are probed in the context of this special dust event. This study shows significant implications for the varying dust aerosol chemistry in the future changing climate.
Thomas Audoux, Benoit Laurent, Karine Desboeufs, Gael Noyalet, Franck Maisonneuve, Olivier Lauret, and Servanne Chevaillier
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 13485–13503, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-13485-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-13485-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
In the Paris region, a campaign was conducted to study wet deposition of aerosol particles during rainfall events. Simultaneous measurements of aerosol and wet deposition allowed us to discuss their transfer from the atmosphere to rain. Chemical evolution within events revealed meteorology, atmospheric conditions and local vs. long range sources as key factors. This study highlights the variability of wet deposition and the need to consider event-specific factors to understand its mechanisms.
Ting Yang, Yu Xu, Qing Ye, Yi-Jia Ma, Yu-Chen Wang, Jian-Zhen Yu, Yu-Sen Duan, Chen-Xi Li, Hong-Wei Xiao, Zi-Yue Li, Yue Zhao, and Hua-Yun Xiao
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 13433–13450, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-13433-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-13433-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
In this study, 130 OS species were quantified in ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) collected in urban and suburban Shanghai (East China) in the summer of 2021. The daytime OS formation was concretized based on the interactions among OSs, ultraviolet (UV), ozone (O3), and sulfate. Our finding provides field evidence for the influence of photochemical process and anthropogenic sulfate on OS formation and has important implications for the mitigation of organic particulate pollution.
Miao Zhong, Jianzhong Xu, Huiqin Wang, Li Gao, Haixia Zhu, Lixiang Zhai, Xinghua Zhang, and Wenhui Zhao
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 12609–12630, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-12609-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-12609-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This study focus on coal-combustion-dominated aerosol in urban areas in northwestern China and combines the results of optical measurement and chemical analysis to deduce the evolution of these characteristics in the atmosphere, which has previously been unknown. The results provide insights into the effects of atmospheric processes and emissions on brown carbon properties.
Li Wu, Hyo-Jin Eom, Hanjin Yoo, Dhrubajyoti Gupta, Hye-Rin Cho, Pingqing Fu, and Chul-Un Ro
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 12571–12588, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-12571-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-12571-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Hygroscopicity of ambient marine aerosols is of critical relevance to investigate their atmospheric impacts, which, however, remain uncertain due to their complex compositions and mixing states. Therefore, a study on the hygroscopic behavior of ambient marine aerosols for understanding the phase states when interacting with water vapor at different RH levels and their subsequent impacts on the heterogeneous chemical reactions, atmospheric environment, and human health is of vital importance.
Yutong Liang, Rebecca A. Wernis, Kasper Kristensen, Nathan M. Kreisberg, Philip L. Croteau, Scott C. Herndon, Arthur W. H. Chan, Nga L. Ng, and Allen H. Goldstein
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 12441–12454, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-12441-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-12441-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We measured the gas–particle partitioning behaviors of biomass burning markers and examined the effect of wildfire organic aerosol on the partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds. Most compounds measured are less volatile than model predictions. Wildfire aerosol enhanced the condensation of polar compounds and caused some nonpolar (e.g., polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons) compounds to partition into the gas phase, thus affecting their lifetimes in the atmosphere and the mode of exposure.
Bojiang Su, Xinhui Bi, Zhou Zhang, Yue Liang, Congbo Song, Tao Wang, Yaohao Hu, Lei Li, Zhen Zhou, Jinpei Yan, Xinming Wang, and Guohua Zhang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 10697–10711, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-10697-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-10697-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
During the R/V Xuelong cruise observation over the Ross Sea, Antarctica, the mass concentrations of water-soluble Ca2+ and the mass spectra of individual calcareous particles were measured. Our results indicated that lower temperature, lower wind speed, and the presence of sea ice may facilitate Ca2+ enrichment in sea spray aerosols and highlighted the potential contribution of organically complexed calcium to calcium enrichment, which is inaccurate based solely on water-soluble Ca2+ estimation.
Valeria Mardoñez, Marco Pandolfi, Lucille Joanna S. Borlaza, Jean-Luc Jaffrezo, Andrés Alastuey, Jean-Luc Besombes, Isabel Moreno R., Noemi Perez, Griša Močnik, Patrick Ginot, Radovan Krejci, Vladislav Chrastny, Alfred Wiedensohler, Paolo Laj, Marcos Andrade, and Gaëlle Uzu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 10325–10347, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-10325-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-10325-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
La Paz and El Alto are two fast-growing, high-altitude Bolivian cities forming the second-largest metropolitan area in the country. The sources of particulate matter (PM) in this conurbation were not previously investigated. This study identified 11 main sources of PM, of which dust and vehicular emissions stand out as the main ones. The influence of regional biomass combustion and local waste combustion was also observed, with the latter being a major source of hazardous compounds.
Sayako Ueda, Yoko Iwamoto, Fumikazu Taketani, Mingxu Liu, and Hitoshi Matsui
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 10117–10135, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-10117-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-10117-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We examine iron in atmospheric fine aerosol particles collected over the Indian Ocean during shipborne observations in November 2018. Transmission electron microscopy analysis with water dialysis shows that various types of iron (fly ash, iron oxide, and mineral dust) co-exist with ammonium sulfate and that their solubility differs depending on the iron type. Using PM2.5 bulk samples and global model simulations, we elucidate their origins, aging, and implications for present iron simulations.
Qiongqiong Wang, Shuhui Zhu, Shan Wang, Cheng Huang, Yunsen Duan, and Jian Zhen Yu
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-1846, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-1846, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We investigated short-term source apportionment of PM2.5 utilizing rolling positive matrix factorization (PMF) and online PM chemical speciation data, which included source-specific organic tracers collected over a period of 37 days during the winter of 2019–2020 in suburban Shanghai, China. The findings highlight that by imposing constraints on the primary source profiles, short-term PMF analysis successfully replicated both the individual primary sources and the total secondary sources.
Farhan R. Nursanto, Roy Meinen, Rupert Holzinger, Maarten C. Krol, Xinya Liu, Ulrike Dusek, Bas Henzing, and Juliane L. Fry
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 10015–10034, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-10015-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-10015-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Particulate matter (PM) is a harmful air pollutant that depends on the complex mixture of natural and anthropogenic emissions into the atmosphere. Thus, in different regions and seasons, the way that PM is formed and grows can differ. In this study, we use a combined statistical analysis of the chemical composition and particle size distribution to determine what drives particle formation and growth across seasons, using varying wind directions to elucidate the role of different sources.
Kohei Sakata, Aya Sakaguchi, Yoshiaki Yamakawa, Chihiro Miyamoto, Minako Kurisu, and Yoshio Takahashi
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 9815–9836, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-9815-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-9815-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Anthropogenic iron is the dominant source of dissolved Fe in aerosol particles, but its contribution to dissolved Fe in aerosol particles has not been quantitatively evaluated. We established the molar concentration ratio of dissolved Fe to dissolved Al as a new indicator to evaluate the contribution of anthropogenic iron. As a result, about 10 % of dissolved Fe in aerosol particles was derived from anthropogenic iron when aerosol particles were transported from East Asia to the Pacific Ocean.
Li Li, Qiyuan Wang, Jie Tian, Huikun Liu, Yong Zhang, Steven Sai Hang Ho, Weikang Ran, and Junji Cao
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 9597–9612, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-9597-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-9597-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The Tibetan Plateau has a unique geographical location, but there is a lack of detailed research on the real-time characteristics of full aerosol composition. This study elaborates the changes in chemical characteristics between transport and local fine particles during the pre-monsoon, reveals the size distribution and the mixing states of different individual particles, and highlights the contributions of photooxidation and aqueous reaction to the formation of the secondary species.
Erin K. Boedicker, Elisabeth Andrews, Patrick J. Sheridan, and Patricia K. Quinn
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 9525–9547, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-9525-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-9525-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We present 15 years of measurements from a marine site on the northern California coast and characterize the seasonal trends of aerosol ion composition and optical properties at the site. We investigate the relationship between the chemical and optical properties and show that they both support similar seasonal variations in aerosol sources at the site. Additionally, we show through comparisons to other marine aerosol observations that the site is representative of a clean marine environment.
Qian Li, Dantong Liu, Xiaotong Jiang, Ping Tian, Yangzhou Wu, Siyuan Li, Kang Hu, Quan Liu, Mengyu Huang, Ruijie Li, Kai Bi, Shaofei Kong, Deping Ding, and Chenjie Yu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 9439–9453, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-9439-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-9439-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
By attributing the shortwave absorption from black carbon, primary organic aerosol and secondary organic aerosol in a suburban environment, we firstly observed that the photochemically produced nitrogen-containing secondary organic aerosol may contribute to the enhancement of brown carbon absorption, partly compensating for some bleaching effect on the absorption of primary organic aerosol, hereby exerting radiative impacts.
Yong Zhang, Jie Tian, Qiyuan Wang, Lu Qi, Manousos Ioannis Manousakas, Yuemei Han, Weikang Ran, Yele Sun, Huikun Liu, Renjian Zhang, Yunfei Wu, Tianqu Cui, Kaspar Rudolf Daellenbach, Jay Gates Slowik, André S. H. Prévôt, and Junji Cao
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 9455–9471, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-9455-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-9455-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
PM2.5 pollution still frequently occurs in northern China during winter, and it is necessary to figure out the causes of air pollution based on intensive real-time measurement. The findings elaborate the chemical characteristics and source contributions of PM2.5 in three pilot cities, reveal potential formation mechanisms of secondary aerosols, and highlight the importance of controlling biomass burning and inhibiting generation of secondary aerosol for air quality improvement.
Qi Yuan, Yuanyuan Wang, Yixin Chen, Siyao Yue, Jian Zhang, Yinxiao Zhang, Liang Xu, Wei Hu, Dantong Liu, Pingqing Fu, Huiwang Gao, and Weijun Li
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 9385–9399, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-9385-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-9385-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This study for the first time found large amounts of liquid–liquid phase separation particles with soot redistributing in organic coatings instead of sulfate cores in the eastern Tibetan Plateau atmosphere. The particle size and the ratio of the organic matter coating thickness to soot size are two of the major possible factors that likely affect the soot redistribution process. The soot redistribution process promoted the morphological compaction of soot particles.
Yuting Lyu, Yin Hau Lam, Yitao Li, Nadine Borduas-Dedekind, and Theodora Nah
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 9245–9263, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-9245-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-9245-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We measured singlet oxygen (1O2*) and triplet excited states of organic matter (3C*) in illuminated aqueous extracts of PM2.5 collected in different seasons at different sites in Hong Kong SAR, South China. In contrast to the locations, seasonality had significant effects on 3C* and 1O2* production due to seasonal variations in long-range air mass transport. The steady-state concentrations of 3C* and 1O2* correlated with the concentration and absorbance of water-soluble organic carbon.
Karine Desboeufs, Paola Formenti, Raquel Torres-Sánchez, Kerstin Schepanski, Jean-Pierre Chaboureau, Hendrik Andersen, Jan Cermak, Stefanie Feuerstein, Benoit Laurent, Danitza Klopper, Andreas Namwoonde, Mathieu Cazaunau, Servanne Chevaillier, Anaïs Feron, Cecile Mirande-Bret, Sylvain Triquet, and Stuart J. Piketh
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-1736, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-1736, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This study investigates the fractional solubility of iron (Fe) in dust particles along the coast of Namibia, a critical region for the atmospheric Fe supply of the Southern Atlantic Ocean. Our results suggest a possible two-way interplay whereby marine biogenic emissions from the coastal marine ecosystems to the atmosphere would increase the solubility of Fe-bearing dust by photo-reduction processes. The subsequent deposition of soluble Fe could act to further enhance marine biogenic emissions.
Sophie L. Haslett, David M. Bell, Varun Kumar, Jay G. Slowik, Dongyu S. Wang, Suneeti Mishra, Neeraj Rastogi, Atinderpal Singh, Dilip Ganguly, Joel Thornton, Feixue Zheng, Yuanyuan Li, Wei Nie, Yongchun Liu, Wei Ma, Chao Yan, Markku Kulmala, Kaspar R. Daellenbach, David Hadden, Urs Baltensperger, Andre S. H. Prevot, Sachchida N. Tripathi, and Claudia Mohr
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 9023–9036, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-9023-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-9023-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
In Delhi, some aspects of daytime and nighttime atmospheric chemistry are inverted, and parodoxically, vehicle emissions may be limiting other forms of particle production. This is because the nighttime emissions of nitrogen oxide (NO) by traffic and biomass burning prevent some chemical processes that would otherwise create even more particles and worsen the urban haze.
Rose Marie Miller, Robert M. Rauber, Larry Di Girolamo, Matthew Rilloraza, Dongwei Fu, Greg M. McFarquhar, Stephen W. Nesbitt, Luke D. Ziemba, Sarah Woods, and Kenneth Lee Thornhill
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 8959–8977, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-8959-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-8959-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The influence of human-produced aerosols on clouds remains one of the uncertainties in radiative forcing of Earth’s climate. Measurements of aerosol chemistry from sources around the Philippines illustrate the linkage between aerosol chemical composition and cloud droplet characteristics. Differences in aerosol chemical composition in the marine layer from biomass burning, industrial, ship-produced, and marine aerosols are shown to impact cloud microphysical structure just above cloud base.
Yiyu Cai, Chenshuo Ye, Wei Chen, Weiwei Hu, Wei Song, Yuwen Peng, Shan Huang, Jipeng Qi, Sihang Wang, Chaomin Wang, Caihong Wu, Zelong Wang, Baolin Wang, Xiaofeng Huang, Lingyan He, Sasho Gligorovski, Bin Yuan, Min Shao, and Xinming Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 8855–8877, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-8855-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-8855-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We studied the variability and molecular composition of ambient oxidized organic nitrogen (OON) in both gas and particle phases using a state-of-the-art online mass spectrometer in urban air. Biomass burning and secondary formation were found to be the two major sources of OON. Daytime nitrate radical chemistry for OON formation was more important than previously thought. Our results improved the understanding of the sources and molecular composition of OON in the polluted urban atmosphere.
Frédéric Ledoux, Cloé Roche, Gilles Delmaire, Gilles Roussel, Olivier Favez, Marc Fadel, and Dominique Courcot
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 8607–8622, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-8607-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-8607-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We quantify the emissions from the marine sector in northern France, whether from natural or human-made sources. Therefore, a 1-year PM10 sampling campaign was conducted at a French coastal site. Results showed that sea salts contributed 37 %, while secondary nitrate and sulfate contributed 42 %, biomass burning 8 %, and heavy-fuel-oil combustion from shipping emissions 5 %. Sources contributing more than 80 % of PM10 are of regional and/or long-range origin.
Sebastian Zeppenfeld, Manuela van Pinxteren, Markus Hartmann, Moritz Zeising, Astrid Bracher, and Hartmut Herrmann
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-1607, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-1607, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Marine carbohydrates are produced in the surface of the ocean, enter the atmophere as part of sea spray aerosol particles and potentially contribute to the formation of clouds. Here, we present the results of a sea-air transfer study of marine carbohydrates conducted in the high Arctic. Besides a chemo-selective transfer, we observed a quick atmospheric aging of carbohydrates, possibly as a result of both biotic and abiotic processes.
Shuhui Zhu, Min Zhou, Liping Qiao, Dan Dan Huang, Qiongqiong Wang, Shan Wang, Yaqin Gao, Shengao Jing, Qian Wang, Hongli Wang, Changhong Chen, Cheng Huang, and Jian Zhen Yu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 7551–7568, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-7551-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-7551-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Organic aerosol (OA) is increasingly important in urban PM2.5 pollution as inorganic ions are becoming lower. We investigated the chemical characteristics of OA during nine episodes in Shanghai. The availability of bi-hourly measured molecular markers revealed that the control of local urban sources such as vehicular and cooking emissions lessened the severity of local episodes. Regional control of precursors and biomass burning would reduce PM2.5 episodes influenced by regional transport.
Karolina Siegel, Yvette Gramlich, Sophie L. Haslett, Gabriel Freitas, Radovan Krejci, Paul Zieger, and Claudia Mohr
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 7569–7587, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-7569-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-7569-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Hydroperoxymethyl thioformate (HPMTF) is a recently discovered oxidation product of dimethyl sulfide (DMS). We present a full year of concurrent gas- and particle-phase observations of HPMTF and other DMS oxidation products from the Arctic. We did not observe significant amounts of HPMTF in the particle phase but a good agreement between gas-phase HMPTF and methanesulfonic acid in the summer. Our study provides information about the relationship between HPMTF and other DMS oxidation products.
Samira Atabakhsh, Laurent Poulain, Gang Chen, Francesco Canonaco, André S. H. Prévôt, Mira Pöhlker, Alfred Wiedensohler, and Hartmut Herrmann
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 6963–6988, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-6963-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-6963-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The study focuses on the aerosol chemical variations found in the rural-background station of Melpitz based on ACSM and MAAP measurements. Source apportionment on both organic aerosol (OA) and black carbon (eBC) was performed, and source seasonality was also linked to air mass trajectories. Overall, three anthropogenic sources were identified in OA and eBC plus two additional aged OA. Our results demonstrate the influence of transported coal-combustion-related OA even during summer time.
Yanqin Ren, Gehui Wang, Jie Wei, Jun Tao, Zhisheng Zhang, and Hong Li
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 6835–6848, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-6835-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-6835-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Nine quantified nitrated aromatic compounds (NACs) in PM2.5 were examined at the peak of Mt. Wuyi. They manifested a significant rise in overall abundance in the winter and autumn. The transport of contaminants had a significant impact on NACs. Under low-NOx conditions, the formation of NACs was comparatively sensitive to NO2, suggesting that NACs would become significant in the aerosol characteristics when nitrate concentrations decreased as a result of emission reduction measures.
Yu Xu, Xin-Ni Dong, Chen He, Dai-She Wu, Hong-Wei Xiao, and Hua-Yun Xiao
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 6775–6788, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-6775-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-6775-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The air pollution associated with fine particles and secondary organic aerosol is not weakened by the application of mist cannon trucks but rather is aggravated. Our results provide not only new insights into the formation processes of aerosol water-soluble organic compounds associated with the water mist sprayed by mist cannon trucks in the road atmospheric environment but also crucial information for the decision makers to regulate the operation of mist cannon trucks in many cities in China.
Manuela van Pinxteren, Sebastian Zeppenfeld, Khanneh Wadinga Fomba, Nadja Triesch, Sanja Frka, and Hartmut Herrmann
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 6571–6590, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-6571-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-6571-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Important marine organic carbon compounds were identified in the Atlantic Ocean and marine aerosol particles. These compounds were strongly enriched in the atmosphere. Their enrichment was, however, not solely explained via sea-to-air transfer but also via atmospheric in situ formation. The identified compounds constituted about 50 % of the organic carbon on the aerosol particles, and a pronounced coupling between ocean and atmosphere for this oligotrophic region could be concluded.
Aliki Christodoulou, Iasonas Stavroulas, Mihalis Vrekoussis, Maximillien Desservettaz, Michael Pikridas, Elie Bimenyimana, Jonilda Kushta, Matic Ivančič, Martin Rigler, Philippe Goloub, Konstantina Oikonomou, Roland Sarda-Estève, Chrysanthos Savvides, Charbel Afif, Nikos Mihalopoulos, Stéphane Sauvage, and Jean Sciare
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 6431–6456, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-6431-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-6431-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Our study presents, for the first time, a detailed source identification of aerosols at an urban background site in Cyprus (eastern Mediterranean), a region strongly impacted by climate change and air pollution. Here, we identify an unexpected high contribution of long-range transported pollution from fossil fuel sources in the Middle East, highlighting an urgent need to further characterize these fast-growing emissions and their impacts on regional atmospheric composition, climate, and health.
Tingting Li, Jun Li, Zeyu Sun, Hongxing Jiang, Chongguo Tian, and Gan Zhang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 6395–6407, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-6395-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-6395-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
N-NH4+ and N-NO3- were vital components in nitrogenous aerosols and contributed 69 % to total nitrogen in PM2.5. Coal combustion was still the most important source of urban atmospheric NO3-. However, the non-agriculture sources play an increasingly important role in NH4+ emissions.
Yuan Cheng, Xu-bing Cao, Jiu-meng Liu, Ying-jie Zhong, Qin-qin Yu, Qiang Zhang, and Ke-bin He
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 6241–6253, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-6241-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-6241-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Brown carbon (BrC) aerosols were explored in the northernmost megacity in China during a frigid winter and an agricultural-fire-impacted spring. BrC was more light absorbing at night for both seasons, with more pronounced diurnal variations in spring, and the dominant drivers were identified as regulations on heavy-duty diesel trucks and open burning, respectively. Agricultural fires resulted in unique absorption spectra of BrC, which were characterized by a distinct peak at ∼365 nm.
Nansi Fakhri, Robin Stevens, Arnold Downey, Konstantina Oikonomou, Jean Sciare, Charbel Afif, and Patrick L. Hayes
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-1039, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-1039, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The chemical composition of PM2.5 and emission sources as well as potential human health risk associated with trace elements are investigated for an urban site in Montréal over a 3-month period (August–November). To our knowledge, this study represents the first time that such extensive composition measurements were included in an urban source apportionment study in Canada and provides greater resolution of PM2.5 sources than has been previously achieved using PMF in similar Canadian studies.
Lisa Azzarello, Rebecca A. Washenfelder, Michael A. Robinson, Alessandro Franchin, Caroline C. Womack, Christopher D. Holmes, Steven S. Brown, Ann Middlebrook, Tim Newberger, Colm Sweeney, and Cora J. Young
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-1128, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-1128, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We present a molecular size-resolved offline analysis of water-soluble brown carbon collected on an aircraft during FIREX-AQ. The smoke plumes were aged 0 to 5 h where absorption was dominated by small molecular weight molecules, brown carbon absorption downwind did not consistently decrease, and the measurements differed from online absorption measurements of the same samples. We show how differences between online and offline absorption could be related to different measurement conditions.
Eric Schneider, Hendryk Czech, Olga Popovicheva, Marina Chichaeva, Vasily Kobelev, Nikolay Kasimov, Tatiana Minkina, Christopher Paul Rüger, and Ralf Zimmermann
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-769, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-769, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This study provides insights into the complex chemical composition of long-range transported wildfire plumes from Yakutia, which underwent different levels of atmospheric processing. With mass complementary mass spectrometric techniques, we improve our understanding of the chemical processes and atmospheric fate of wildfire plumes. Unprecedented high levels of carbonaceous aerosols crossed the polar circle with implications for the Arctic ecosystem and consequently climate.
Eka Dian Pusfitasari, Jose Ruiz-Jimenez, Aleksi Tiusanen, Markus Suuronen, Jesse Haataja, Yusheng Wu, Juha Kangasluoma, Krista Luoma, Tuukka Petäjä, Matti Jussila, Kari Hartonen, and Marja-Liisa Riekkola
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 5885–5904, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-5885-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-5885-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
A miniaturized air-sampling drone system was successfully applied for the collection of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and for the measurement of black carbon (BC) and total particle number concentrations in atmospheric air. Here we report, for the first time, the vertical profiles of BC and aerosol number concentrations above the boreal forest in Hyytiälä (Finland) at high altitudes close to the boundary layer in autumn 2021. VOC composition with its distribution was studied as well.
Yifang Gu, Ru-Jin Huang, Jing Duan, Wei Xu, Chunshui Lin, Haobin Zhong, Ying Wang, Haiyan Ni, Quan Liu, Ruiguang Xu, Litao Wang, and Yong Jie Li
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 5419–5433, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-5419-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-5419-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Secondary organic aerosol (SOA) can be produced by various pathways, but its formation mechanisms are unclear. Observations were conducted in the North China Plain during a highly oxidizing atmosphere in summer. We found that fast photochemistry dominated SOA formation during daytime. Two types of aqueous-phase chemistry (nocturnal and daytime processing) take place at high relative humidity. The potential transformation from primary organic aerosol (POA) to SOA was also an important pathway.
Miaomiao Zhai, Ye Kuang, Li Liu, Yao He, Biao Luo, Wanyun Xu, Jiangchuan Tao, Yu Zou, Fei Li, Changqin Yin, Chunhui Li, Hanbing Xu, and Xuejiao Deng
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 5119–5133, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-5119-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-5119-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Using year-long aerosol mass spectrometer measurements, roles of secondary organic aerosols (SOA) during haze formations in an urban area of southern China were systematically analyzed. Almost all severe haze events were accompanied by continuous daytime and nighttime SOA formations, whereas coordinated gas-phase photochemistry and aqueous-phase reactions likely played significant roles in quick daytime SOA formations, and nitrate radicals played significant roles in nighttime SOA formations.
Jiyuan Yang, Guoyang Lei, Jinfeng Zhu, Yutong Wu, Chang Liu, Kai Hu, Junsong Bao, Zitong Zhang, Weili Lin, and Jun Jin
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-700, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-700, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The atmospheric pollution and formation mechanisms of particulate-bound alkyl nitrate in Beijing were studied. Long-chain n-alkyl nitrates contributed more to the total n-alkyl nitrate in PM2.5. Long-chain n-alkyl nitrates negatively correlated with O3 but positively correlated with PM2.5 and NO2, so they may not be produced during photochemical reactions but form through reactions between alkanes and nitrates on PM surfaces. Particulate-bound n-alkyl nitrates strongly influence haze pollution.
Amie Dobracki, Paquita Zuidema, Steven G. Howell, Pablo Saide, Steffen Freitag, Allison C. Aiken, Sharon P. Burton, Arthur J. Sedlacek III, Jens Redemann, and Robert Wood
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 4775–4799, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-4775-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-4775-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Southern Africa produces approximately one-third of the world’s carbon from fires. The thick smoke layer can flow westward, interacting with the southeastern Atlantic cloud deck. The net radiative impact can alter regional circulation patterns, impacting rainfall over Africa. We find that the smoke is highly absorbing of sunlight, mostly because it contains more black carbon than smoke over the Northern Hemisphere.
Rui Li, Yining Gao, Yubao Chen, Meng Peng, Weidong Zhao, Gehui Wang, and Jiming Hao
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 4709–4726, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-4709-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-4709-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
A random forest model was used to isolate the effects of emission and meteorology to trace elements in PM2.5 in Tangshan. The results suggested that control measures facilitated decreases of Ga, Co, Pb, Zn, and As, due to the strict implementation of coal-to-gas strategies and optimisation of industrial structure and layout. However, the deweathered levels of Ca, Cr, and Fe only displayed minor decreases, indicating that ferrous metal smelting and vehicle emission controls should be enhanced.
Jinyoung Jung, Yuzo Miyazaki, Jin Hur, Yun Kyung Lee, Mi Hae Jeon, Youngju Lee, Kyoung-Ho Cho, Hyun Young Chung, Kitae Kim, Jung-Ok Choi, Catherine Lalande, Joo-Hong Kim, Taejin Choi, Young Jun Yoon, Eun Jin Yang, and Sung-Ho Kang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 4663–4684, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-4663-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-4663-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This study examined the summertime fluorescence properties of water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC) in aerosols over the western Arctic Ocean. We found that the WSOC in fine-mode aerosols in coastal areas showed a higher polycondensation degree and aromaticity than in sea-ice-covered areas. The fluorescence properties of atmospheric WSOC in the summertime marine Arctic boundary can improve our understanding of the WSOC chemical and biological linkages at the ocean–sea-ice–atmosphere interface.
Cited articles
Adam, M. G., Chiang, A. W. J., and Balasubramanian, R.: Insights into
characteristics of light absorbing carbonaceous aerosols over an urban
location in Southeast Asia, Environ. Pollut., 257, 113425,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113425, 2020.
Alexander, D. T. L., Crozier, P. A., and Anderson, J. R.: Brown carbon
spheres in East Asian outflow and their optical properties, Science, 321,
833–836, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1155296, 2008.
Andersson, C. A. and Bro, R.: The N-way Toolbox for MATLAB, Chemom. Intell.
Lab. Syst., 52, 1–4, https://doi.org/10.1016/s0169-7439(00)00071-x, 2000.
Babar, Z. B., Park, J.-H., and Lim, H.-J.: Influence of NH 3 on secondary
organic aerosols from the ozonolysis and photooxidation of α-pinene
in a flow reactor, Atmos. Environ., 164, 71–84,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2017.05.034, 2017.
Bahram, M., Bro, R., Stedmon, C., and Afkhami, A.: Handling of Rayleigh and
Raman scatter for PARAFAC modeling of fluorescence data using interpolation,
J. Chemom., 20, 99–105, https://doi.org/10.1002/cem.978, 2006.
Barnard, J. C., Volkamer, R., and Kassianov, E. I.: Estimation of the mass absorption cross section of the organic carbon component of aerosols in the Mexico City Metropolitan Area, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 8, 6665–6679, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-8-6665-2008, 2008.
Bianco, A., Minella, M., De Laurentiis, E., Maurino, V., Minero, C., and
Vione, D.: Photochemical generation of photoactive compounds with
fulvic-like and humic-like fluorescence in aqueous solution, Chemosphere,
111, 529–536, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.04.035, 2014.
Bianco, A., Passananti, M., Deguillaume, L., Mailhot, G., and Brigante, M.:
Tryptophan and tryptophan-like substances in cloud water: Occurrence and
photochemical fate, Atmos. Environ., 137, 53–61,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2016.04.034, 2016.
Bikkina, P., Bikkina, S., Kawamura, K., Sudheer, A. K., Mahesh, G., and
Kumar, S. K.: Evidence for brown carbon absorption over the Bay of Bengal
during the southwest monsoon season: a possible oceanic source, Environ. Sci.
Process Impacts, 22, 1743–1758, https://doi.org/10.1039/d0em00111b, 2020.
Birdwell, J. E. and Engel, A. S.: Characterization of dissolved organic
matter in cave and spring waters using UV–Vis absorbance and fluorescence
spectroscopy, Org. Geochem., 41, 270–280,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orggeochem.2009.11.002, 2010.
Birdwell, J. E. and Valsaraj, K. T.: Characterization of dissolved organic
matter in fogwater by excitation–emission matrix fluorescence spectroscopy,
Atmos. Environ., 44, 3246–3253,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2010.05.055, 2010.
Chen, H., Liao, Z. L., Gu, X. Y., Xie, J. Q., Li, H. Z., and Zhang, J.:
Anthropogenic Influences of Paved Runoff and Sanitary Sewage on the
Dissolved Organic Matter Quality of Wet Weather Overflows: An
Excitation-Emission Matrix Parallel Factor Analysis Assessment, Environ.
Sci. Technol., 51, 1157–1167, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.6b03727,
2017.
Chen, Q., Ikemori, F., and Mochida, M.: Light Absorption and
Excitation-Emission Fluorescence of Urban Organic Aerosol Components and
Their Relationship to Chemical Structure, Environ. Sci. Technol., 50,
10859–10868, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.6b02541, 2016a.
Chen, Q., Miyazaki, Y., Kawamura, K., Matsumoto, K., Coburn, S., Volkamer,
R., Iwamoto, Y., Kagami, S., Deng, Y., Ogawa, S., Ramasamy, S., Kato, S.,
Ida, A., Kajii, Y., and Mochida, M.: Characterization of Chromophoric
Water-Soluble Organic Matter in Urban, Forest, and Marine Aerosols by
HR-ToF-AMS Analysis and Excitation-Emission Matrix Spectroscopy, Environ.
Sci. Technol., 50, 10351–10360, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.6b01643,
2016b.
Chen, Q., Ikemori, F., Nakamura, Y., Vodicka, P., Kawamura, K., and Mochida,
M.: Structural and Light-Absorption Characteristics of Complex
Water-Insoluble Organic Mixtures in Urban Submicrometer Aerosols, Environ.
Sci. Technol., 51, 8293–8303, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.7b01630,
2017.
Chen, Q., Mu, Z., Song, W., Wang, Y., Yang, Z., Zhang, L., and Zhang, Y. L.:
Size-Resolved Characterization of the Chromophores in Atmospheric
Particulate Matter From a Typical Coal-Burning City in China, J. Geophys.
Res.-Atmos., 124, 10546–10563, https://doi.org/10.1029/2019jd031149, 2019a.
Chen, Q., Wang, M., Wang, Y., Zhang, L., Li, Y., and Han, Y.: Oxidative
Potential of Water-Soluble Matter Associated with Chromophoric Substances in
PM2.5 over Xi'an, China, Environ. Sci. Technol., 53, 8574–8584,
https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.9b01976, 2019b.
Chen, W., Westerhoff, P., Leenheer, J. A., and Booksh, K.: Fluorescence
excitation - Emission matrix regional integration to quantify spectra for
dissolved organic matter, Environ. Sci. Technol., 37, 5701–5710,
https://doi.org/10.1021/es034354c, 2003.
Chen, Y. and Bond, T. C.: Light absorption by organic carbon from wood combustion, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 1773–1787, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-1773-2010, 2010.
Chen, Y., Ge, X., Chen, H., Xie, X., Chen, Y., Wang, J., Ye, Z., Bao, M.,
Zhang, Y., and Chen, M.: Seasonal light absorption properties of
water-soluble brown carbon in atmospheric fine particles in Nanjing, China,
Atmos. Environ., 187, 230–240, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2018.06.002,
2018.
Cory, R. M. and McKnight, D. M.: Fluorescence spectroscopy reveals
ubiquitous presence of oxidized and reduced quinones in dissolved organic
matter, Environ. Sci. Technol., 39, 8142–8149,
https://doi.org/10.1021/es0506962, 2005.
Dasari, S., Andersson, A., Bikkina, S., Holmstrand, H., Budhavant, K.,
Satheesh, S., Asmi, E., Kesti, J., Backman, J., Salam, A., Bisht, D. S.,
Tiwari, S., Hameed, Z., and Gustafsson, O.: Photochemical degradation
affects the light absorption of water-soluble brown carbon in the South
Asian outflow, Sci. Adv., 5, 1–10, https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aau8066,
2019.
Del Vecchio, R. and Blough, N. V.: On the Origin of the Optical Properties
of Humic Substances, Environ. Sci. Technol., 38, 3885–3891,
https://doi.org/10.1021/es049912h, 2004.
Di Lorenzo, R. A., Washenfelder, R. A., Attwood, A. R., Guo, H., Xu, L., Ng,
N. L., Weber, R. J., Baumann, K., Edgerton, E., and Young, C. J.:
Molecular-Size-Separated Brown Carbon Absorption for Biomass-Burning Aerosol
at Multiple Field Sites, Environ. Sci. Technol., 51, 3128–3137,
https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.6b06160, 2017.
Fan, X., Li, M., Cao, T., Cheng, C., Li, F., Xie, Y., Wei, S., Song, J., and
Peng, P. a.: Optical properties and oxidative potential of water- and
alkaline-soluble brown carbon in smoke particles emitted from laboratory
simulated biomass burning, Atmos. Environ., 194, 48–57,
https://10.1016/j.atmosenv.2018.09.025, 2018.
Fan, X., Cao, T., Yu, X., Wang, Y., Xiao, X., Li, F., Xie, Y., Ji, W., Song, J., and Peng, P.: The evolutionary behavior of chromophoric brown carbon during ozone aging of fine particles from biomass burning, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 4593–4605, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-4593-2020, 2020.
Fu, P., Kawamura, K., Chen, J., Qin, M., Ren, L., Sun, Y., Wang, Z., Barrie,
L. A., Tachibana, E., Ding, A., and Yamashita, Y.: Fluorescent water-soluble
organic aerosols in the High Arctic atmosphere, Sci. Rep., 5, 9845,
https://doi.org/10.1038/srep09845, 2015.
Fujii, Y., Iriana, W., Oda, M., Puriwigati, A., Tohno, S., Lestari, P.,
Mizohata, A., and Huboyo, H. S.: Characteristics of carbonaceous aerosols
emitted from peatland fire in Riau, Sumatra, Indonesia, Atmos. Environ., 87,
164–169, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2014.01.037, 2014.
Gabor, R. S., Baker, A., McKnight, D. M., and Miller, M. P.: Fluorescence
Indices and Their Interpretation, in: Aquatic Organic Matter Fluorescence,
edited by: Baker, A., Reynolds, D. M., Lead, J., Coble, P. G., and Spencer,
R. G. M., Cambridge Environmental Chemistry Series, Cambridge University
Press, Cambridge, UK, 303–338, 2014.
Gao, Y. and Zhang, Y.: Formation and photochemical investigation of brown
carbon by hydroxyacetone reactions with glycine and ammonium sulfate, RSC
Advances, 8, 20719–20725, https://doi.org/10.1039/c8ra02019a, 2018.
Graber, E. R. and Rudich, Y.: Atmospheric HULIS: How humic-like are they? A comprehensive and critical review, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 6, 729–753, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-6-729-2006, 2006.
Gu, Q. and Kenny, J. E.: Improvement of Inner Filter Effect Correction
Based on Determination of Effective Geometric Parameters Using a
Conventional Fluorimeter, Anal. Chem., 81, 420–426,
https://doi.org/10.1021/ac801676j, 2009.
Han, H., Kim, G., Seo, H., Shin, K.-H., and Lee, D.-H.: Significant seasonal changes in optical properties of brown carbon in the midlatitude atmosphere, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 2709–2718, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-2709-2020, 2020.
Hawkes, J. A., Patriarca, C., Sjöberg, P. J. R., Tranvik, L. J., and
Bergquist, J.: Extreme isomeric complexity of dissolved organic matter found
across aquatic environments, Limnol. Oceanogr. Lett., 3, 21–30,
https://doi.org/10.1002/lol2.10064, 2018.
Hecobian, A., Zhang, X., Zheng, M., Frank, N., Edgerton, E. S., and Weber, R. J.: Water-Soluble Organic Aerosol material and the light-absorption characteristics of aqueous extracts measured over the Southeastern United States, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 5965–5977, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-5965-2010, 2010.
Hoffer, A., Gelencsér, A., Guyon, P., Kiss, G., Schmid, O., Frank, G. P., Artaxo, P., and Andreae, M. O.: Optical properties of humic-like substances (HULIS) in biomass-burning aerosols, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 6, 3563–3570, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-6-3563-2006, 2006.
Hopkins, R. J., Lewis, K., Desyaterik, Y., Wang, Z., Tivanski, A. V.,
Arnott, W. P., Laskin, A., and Gilles, M. K.: Correlations between optical,
chemical and physical properties of biomass burn aerosols, Geophys. Res.
Lett., 34, L18806, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007gl030502, 2007.
Huang, K., Fu, J. S., Hsu, N. C., Gao, Y., Dong, X., Tsay, S.-C., and Lam,
Y. F.: Impact assessment of biomass burning on air quality in Southeast and
East Asia during BASE-ASIA, Atmos. Environ., 78, 291–302,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2012.03.048, 2013.
Huguet, A., Vacher, L., Relexans, S., Saubusse, S., Froidefond, J. M., and
Parlanti, E.: Properties of fluorescent dissolved organic matter in the
Gironde Estuary, Org. Geochem., 40, 706–719,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orggeochem.2009.03.002, 2009.
Huo, Y., Li, M., Jiang, M., and Qi, W.: Light absorption properties of HULIS
in primary particulate matter produced by crop straw combustion under
different moisture contents and stacking modes, Atmos. Environ., 191,
490–499, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2018.08.038, 2018.
Ishii, S. K. and Boyer, T. H.: Behavior of reoccurring PARAFAC components
in fluorescent dissolved organic matter in natural and engineered systems: a
critical review, Environ. Sci. Technol., 46, 2006–2017,
https://doi.org/10.1021/es2043504, 2012.
Jiang, H., Li, J., Chen, D., Tang, J., Cheng, Z., Mo, Y., Su, T., Tian, C.,
Jiang, B., Liao, Y., and Zhang, G.: Biomass burning organic aerosols
significantly influence the light absorption properties of
polarity-dependent organic compounds in the Pearl River Delta Region, China,
Environ. Int., 144, 106079, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2020.106079,
2020.
Jiang, H., Li, J., Sun, R., Liu, G., Tian, C., Tang, J., Cheng, Z., Zhu, S.,
Zhong, G., Ding, X., and Zhang, G.: Determining the Sources and Transport of
Brown Carbon Using Radionuclide Tracers and Modeling, J. Geophys.
Res.-Atmos., 126, e2021JD034616, https://doi.org/10.1029/2021jd034616, 2021.
Kasthuriarachchi, N. Y., Rivellini, L.-H., Chen, X., Li, Y. J., and Lee, A.
K. Y.: Effect of relative humidity on secondary brown carbon formation in
aqueous droplets, Environ. Sci. Technol., 54, 13207–13216,
https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.0c01239, 2020.
Kellerman, A. M., Kothawala, D. N., Dittmar, T., and Tranvik, L. J.:
Persistence of dissolved organic matter in lakes related to its molecular
characteristics, Nat. Geosci., 8, 454–452,
https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo2440, 2015.
Kirchstetter, T. W. and Thatcher, T. L.: Contribution of organic carbon to wood smoke particulate matter absorption of solar radiation, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 6067–6072, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-6067-2012, 2012.
Kirchstetter, T. W., Novakov, T., and Hobbs, P. V.: Evidence that the
spectral dependence of light absorption by aerosols is affected by organic
carbon, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 109, D21208, https://doi.org/10.1029/2004jd004999,
2004.
Lack, D. A., Bahreini, R., Langridge, J. M., Gilman, J. B., and Middlebrook, A. M.: Brown carbon absorption linked to organic mass tracers in biomass burning particles, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 2415–2422, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-2415-2013, 2013.
Laskin, A., Laskin, J., and Nizkorodov, S. A.: Chemistry of atmospheric
brown carbon, Chem. Rev., 115, 4335–4382, https://doi.org/10.1021/cr5006167,
2015.
Laskin, J., Laskin, A., and Nizkorodov, S. A.: Mass Spectrometry Analysis in
Atmospheric Chemistry, Anal. Chem., 90, 166–189,
https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.analchem.7b04249, 2018.
Lawrence, M. G. and Lelieveld, J.: Atmospheric pollutant outflow from southern Asia: a review, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 11017–11096, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-11017-2010, 2010.
Lee, H.-H., Bar-Or, R. Z., and Wang, C.: Biomass burning aerosols and the low-visibility events in Southeast Asia, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 965–980, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-965-2017, 2017.
Lee, H. J., Laskin, A., Laskin, J., and Nizkorodov, S. A.:
Excitation-emission spectra and fluorescence quantum yields for fresh and
aged biogenic secondary organic aerosols, Environ. Sci. Technol., 47,
5763–5770, https://doi.org/10.1021/es400644c, 2013.
Li, M., Fan, X., Zhu, M., Zou, C., Song, J., Wei, S., Jia, W., and Peng, P.:
Abundances and light absorption properties of brown carbon emitted from
residential coal combustion in China, Environ. Sci. Technol., 53, 595–603,
https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.8b05630, 2018.
Lin, P., Laskin, J., Nizkorodov, S. A., and Laskin, A.: Revealing Brown
Carbon Chromophores Produced in Reactions of Methylglyoxal with Ammonium
Sulfate, Environ. Sci. Technol., 49, 14257–14266,
https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.5b03608, 2015.
Lin, P., Aiona, P. K., Li, Y., Shiraiwa, M., Laskin, J., Nizkorodov, S. A.,
and Laskin, A.: Molecular Characterization of Brown Carbon in Biomass
Burning Aerosol Particles, Environ. Sci. Technol., 50, 11815–11824,
https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.6b03024, 2016.
Lin, P., Bluvshtein, N., Rudich, Y., Nizkorodov, S. A., Laskin, J., and
Laskin, A.: Molecular Chemistry of Atmospheric Brown Carbon Inferred from a
Nationwide Biomass Burning Event, Environ. Sci. Technol., 51, 11561–11570,
https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.7b02276, 2017.
Lin, P., Fleming, L. T., Nizkorodov, S. A., Laskin, J., and Laskin, A.:
Comprehensive Molecular Characterization of Atmospheric Brown Carbon by High
Resolution Mass Spectrometry with Electrospray and Atmospheric Pressure
Photoionization, Anal. Chem., 90, 12493–12502,
https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.analchem.8b02177, 2018.
Liu, J., Bergin, M., Guo, H., King, L., Kotra, N., Edgerton, E., and Weber, R. J.: Size-resolved measurements of brown carbon in water and methanol extracts and estimates of their contribution to ambient fine-particle light absorption, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 12389–12404, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-12389-2013, 2013.
Liu, J., Mo, Y., Ding, P., Li, J., Shen, C., and Zhang, G.: Dual carbon
isotopes ((14)C and (13)C) and optical properties of WSOC and HULIS-C during
winter in Guangzhou, China, Sci. Total Environ., 633, 1571–1578,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.03.293, 2018.
Luciani, X., Mounier, S., Redon, R., and Bois, A.: A simple correction
method of inner filter effects affecting FEEM and its application to the
PARAFAC decomposition, Chemom. Intell. Lab. Syst., 96, 227–238,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemolab.2009.02.008, 2009.
Marrero-Ortiz, W., Hu, M., Du, Z., Ji, Y., Wang, Y., Guo, S., Lin, Y.,
Gomez-Hermandez, M., Peng, J., Li, Y., Secrest, J., Levy Zamora, M., Wang,
Y., An, T., and Zhang, R.: Formation and optical properties of brown carbon
from small alpha-dicarbonyls and amines, Environ. Sci. Technol., 53, 117–126,
https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.8b03995, 2018.
Matos, J. T. V., Freire, S. M. S. C., Duarte, R. M. B. O., and Duarte, A.
C.: Natural organic matter in urban aerosols: Comparison between water and
alkaline soluble components using excitation–emission matrix fluorescence
spectroscopy and multiway data analysis, Atmos. Environ., 102, 1–10,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2014.11.042, 2015.
Mcknight, D. M., Boyer, E. W., Westerhoff, P., Doran, P. T., Kulbe, T., and
Andersen, D. T.: Spectrofluorometric characterization of dissolved organic
matter for indication of precursor organic material and aromaticity, Limnol.
Oceanogr., 46, 38–48, https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.2001.46.1.0038, 2001.
Mo, Y., Li, J., Jiang, B., Su, T., Geng, X., Liu, J., Jiang, H., Shen, C.,
Ding, P., Zhong, G., Cheng, Z., Liao, Y., Tian, C., Chen, Y., and Zhang, G.:
Sources, compositions, and optical properties of humic-like substances in
Beijing during the 2014 APEC summit: Results from dual carbon isotope and
Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry analyses,
Environ. Pollut., 239, 322–331,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2018.04.041, 2018.
Mo, Y. Z., Li, J., Liu, J. W., Zhong, G. C., Cheng, Z. N., Tian, C. G.,
Chen, Y. J., and Zhang, G.: The influence of solvent and pH on determination
of the light absorption properties of water-soluble brown carbon, Atmos.
Environ., 161, 90–98, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2017.04.037, 2017.
Mounier, S., Patel, N., Quilici, L., Benaim, J. Y., and Benamou, C.:
Fluorescence 3D de la matière organique dissoute du fleuve amazone:
(Three-dimensional fluorescence of the dissolved organic carbon in the
Amazon river), Water Res., 33, 1523–1533,
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0043-1354(98)00347-9, 1999.
Murphy, K. R., Butler, K. D., Spencer, R. G., Stedmon, C. A., Boehme, J. R.,
and Aiken, G. R.: Measurement of dissolved organic matter fluorescence in
aquatic environments: an interlaboratory comparison, Environ. Sci. Technol.,
44, 9405–9412, https://doi.org/10.1021/es102362t, 2010.
Murphy, K. R., Stedmon, C. A., Graeber, D., and Bro, R.: Fluorescence
spectroscopy and multi-way techniques. PARAFAC, Anal. Methods, 5, 6557–6566,
https://doi.org/10.1039/c3ay41160e, 2013.
Murphy, K. R., Timko, S. A., Gonsior, M., Powers, L. C., Wunsch, U. J., and
Stedmon, C. A.: Photochemistry Illuminates Ubiquitous Organic Matter
Fluorescence Spectra, Environ. Sci. Technol., 52, 11243–11250,
https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.8b02648, 2018.
Park, S. S. and Yu, J.: Chemical and light absorption properties of
humic-like substances from biomass burning emissions under controlled
combustion experiments, Atmos. Environ., 136, 114–122,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2016.04.022, 2016.
Permadi, D. A., Kim Oanh, N. T., and Vautard, R.: Assessment of emission scenarios for 2030 and impacts of black carbon emission reduction measures on air quality and radiative forcing in Southeast Asia, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 3321–3334, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-3321-2018, 2018.
Pöhlker, C., Huffman, J. A., and Pöschl, U.: Autofluorescence of atmospheric bioaerosols – fluorescent biomolecules and potential interferences, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 5, 37–71, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-5-37-2012, 2012.
Qin, J., Zhang, L., Zhou, X., Duan, J., Mu, S., Xiao, K., Hu, J., and Tan,
J.: Fluorescence fingerprinting properties for exploring water-soluble
organic compounds in PM2.5 in an industrial city of northwest China,
Atmos. Environ., 184, 203–211,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2018.04.049, 2018.
Ramanathan, V., Li, F., Ramana, M. V., Praveen, P. S., Kim, D., Corrigan, C.
E., Van Nguyen, H., Stone, E. A., Schauer, J. J., and Carmichael, G. R.:
Atmospheric brown clouds: Hemispherical and regional variations in
long-range transport, absorption, and radiative forcing, J. Geophys. Res.,
112, D22S21, https://doi.org/10.1029/2006JD008124, 2007.
See, S. W., Balasubramanian, R., and Wang, W.: A study of the physical,
chemical, and optical properties of ambient aerosol particles in Southeast
Asia during hazy and nonhazy days, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 111, D10S08,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2005JD006180, 2006.
Shimabuku, K. K., Kennedy, A. M., Mulhern, R. E., and Summers, R. S.:
Evaluating Activated Carbon Adsorption of Dissolved Organic Matter and
Micropollutants Using Fluorescence Spectroscopy, Environ. Sci. Technol., 51,
2676–2684, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.6b04911, 2017.
Song, J., Li, M., Jiang, B., Wei, S., Fan, X., and Peng, P.: Molecular
Characterization of Water-Soluble Humic like Substances in Smoke Particles
Emitted from Combustion of Biomass Materials and Coal Using
Ultrahigh-Resolution Electrospray Ionization Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron
Resonance Mass Spectrometry, Environ. Sci. Technol., 52, 2575–2585,
https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.7b06126, 2018.
Song, J. Z., Li, M. J., Fan, X. J., Zou, C. L., Zhu, M. B., Jiang, B., Yu,
Z. Q., Jia, W. L., Liao, Y. H., and Peng, P. A.: Molecular Characterization
of Water- and Methanol-Soluble Organic Compounds Emitted from Residential
Coal Combustion Using Ultrahigh-Resolution Electrospray Ionization Fourier
Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance Mass Spectrometry, Environ. Sci. Technol.,
53, 13607–13617, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.9b04331, 2019.
Stedmon, C. A. and Markager, S.: Resolving the variability in dissolved
organic matter fluorescence in a temperate estuary and its catchment using
PARAFAC analysis, Limnol. Oceanogr., 50, 686–697,
https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.2005.50.2.0686, 2005.
Tang, J.: Data for TJ, Harvard Dataverse [data set], https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/GQ04LG, 2021,
Tang, J., Li, J., Mo, Y., Safaei Khorram, M., Chen, Y., Tang, J., Zhang, Y.,
Song, J., and Zhang, G.: Light absorption and emissions inventory of
humic-like substances from simulated rainforest biomass burning in Southeast
Asia, Environ. Pollut., 262, 114266,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114266, 2020a.
Tang, J., Li, J., Su, T., Han, Y., Mo, Y., Jiang, H., Cui, M., Jiang, B., Chen, Y., Tang, J., Song, J., Peng, P., and Zhang, G.: Molecular compositions and optical properties of dissolved brown carbon in biomass burning, coal combustion, and vehicle emission aerosols illuminated by excitation–emission matrix spectroscopy and Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry analysis, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 2513–2532, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-2513-2020, 2020b.
Wang, J., Jiang, H., Jiang, H., Mo, Y., Geng, X., Li, J., Mao, S., Bualert,
S., Ma, S., Li, J., and Zhang, G.: Source apportionment of water-soluble
oxidative potential in ambient total suspended particulate from Bangkok:
Biomass burning versus fossil fuel combustion, Atmos. Environ., 235, 117624,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2020.117624, 2020.
Wang, K., Pang, Y., He, C., Li, P., Xiao, S., Sun, Y., Pan, Q., Zhang, Y.,
Shi, Q., and He, D.: Optical and molecular signatures of dissolved organic
matter in Xiangxi Bay and mainstream of Three Gorges Reservoir, China:
Spatial variations and environmental implications, Sci. Total Environ., 657,
1274–1284, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.12.117, 2019.
Wang, X., Hayeck, N., Brüggemann, M., Abis, L., Riva, M., Lu, Y., Wang,
B., Chen, J., George, C., and Wang, L.: Chemical Characteristics and Brown
Carbon Chromophores of Atmospheric Organic Aerosols Over the Yangtze River
Channel: A Cruise Campaign, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 125, e2020JD032497,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2020jd032497, 2020.
Wong, J. P. S., Nenes, A., and Weber, R. J.: Changes in Light Absorptivity
of Molecular Weight Separated Brown Carbon Due to Photolytic Aging, Environ.
Sci. Technol., 51, 8414–8421, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.7b01739, 2017.
Wu, C., Wang, G., Li, J., Li, J., Cao, C., Ge, S., Xie, Y., Chen, J., Li, X., Xue, G., Wang, X., Zhao, Z., and Cao, F.: The characteristics of atmospheric brown carbon in Xi'an, inland China: sources, size distributions and optical properties, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 2017–2030, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-2017-2020, 2020.
Wu, F. C., Evans, R. D., and Dillon, P. J.: Separation and Characterization
of NOM by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography and On-Line
Three-Dimensional Excitation Emission Matrix Fluorescence Detection,
Environ. Sci. Technol., 37, 3687–3693, https://doi.org/10.1021/es020244e,
2003.
Wu, G., Wan, X., Gao, S., Fu, P., Yin, Y., Li, G., Zhang, G., Kang, S., Ram,
K., and Cong, Z.: Humic-Like Substances (HULIS) in Aerosols of Central
Tibetan Plateau (Nam Co, 4730 m asl): Abundance, Light Absorption
Properties, and Sources, Environ. Sci. Technol., 52, 7203–7211,
https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.8b01251, 2018.
Wu, G., Ram, K., Fu, P., Wang, W., Zhang, Y., Liu, X., Stone, E. A.,
Pradhan, B. B., Dangol, P. M., Panday, A. K., Wan, X., Bai, Z., Kang, S.,
Zhang, Q., and Cong, Z.: Water-Soluble Brown Carbon in Atmospheric Aerosols
from Godavari (Nepal), a Regional Representative of South Asia, Environ.
Sci. Technol., 53, 3471–3479, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.9b00596, 2019.
Wu, G., Wan, X., Ram, K., Li, P., Liu, B., Yin, Y., Fu, P., Loewen, M., Gao,
S., Kang, S., Kawamura, K., Wang, Y., and Cong, Z.: Light absorption,
fluorescence properties and sources of brown carbon aerosols in the
Southeast Tibetan Plateau, Environ. Pollut., 257, 113616,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113616, 2020.
Wu, G., Fu, P., Ram, K., Song, J., Chen, Q., Kawamura, K., Wan, X., Kang,
S., Wang, X., Laskin, A., and Cong, Z.: Fluorescence characteristics of
water-soluble organic carbon in atmospheric aerosol, Environ. Pollut., 268,
115906, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115906, 2021.
Xie, M., Chen, X., Holder, A. L., Hays, M. D., Lewandowski, M., Offenberg,
J. H., Kleindienst, T. E., Jaoui, M., and Hannigan, M. P.: Light absorption
of organic carbon and its sources at a southeastern U.S. location in summer,
Environ. Pollut., 244, 38–46, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2018.09.125,
2019.
Yan, C., Zheng, M., Sullivan, A. P., Bosch, C., Desyaterik, Y., Andersson,
A., Li, X., Guo, X., Zhou, T., Gustafsson, Ö., and Collett, J. L.:
Chemical characteristics and light-absorbing property of water-soluble
organic carbon in Beijing: Biomass burning contributions, Atmos. Environ.,
121, 4–12, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2015.05.005, 2015.
Yan, C., Zheng, M., Desyaterik, Y., Sullivan, A. P., Wu, Y., and Collett
Jr., J. L.: Molecular Characterization of Water-Soluble Brown Carbon
Chromophores in Beijing, China, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 125, e2019JD032018,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2019jd032018, 2020.
Yan, G. and Kim, G.: Speciation and Sources of Brown Carbon in
Precipitation at Seoul, Korea: Insights from Excitation-Emission Matrix
Spectroscopy and Carbon Isotopic Analysis, Environ. Sci. Technol., 51,
11580–11587, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.7b02892, 2017.
Yue, S., Ren, L., Song, T., Li, L., Xie, Q., Li, W., Kang, M., Zhao, W.,
Wei, L., Ren, H., Sun, Y., Wang, Z., Ellam, R. M., Liu, C. Q., Kawamura, K.,
and Fu, P.: Abundance and Diurnal Trends of Fluorescent Bioaerosols in the
Troposphere over Mt. Tai, China, in Spring, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 124,
4158–4173, https://doi.org/10.1029/2018jd029486, 2019.
Zhou, Y., Wen, H., Liu, J., Pu, W., Chen, Q., and Wang, X.: The optical characteristics and sources of chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) in seasonal snow of northwestern China, The Cryosphere, 13, 157–175, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-13-157-2019, 2019.
Zsolnay, A., Baigar, E., Jimenez, M., Steinweg, B., and Saccomandi, F.:
Differentiating with fluorescence spectroscopy the sources of dissolved
organic matter in soils subjected to drying, Chemosphere, 38, 45–50,
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0045-6535(98)00166-0, 1999.
Short summary
This article provides a combined EEM–PARAFAC and statistical analysis method to explore how excitation–emission matrix (EEM) chromophores influence BrC light absorption in soluble organic matter. The application enables us to deduce that BrC absorption is mainly dependent on longer-emission-wavelength chromophores largely associated with biomass burning emissions. This method promotes the application of EEM spectroscopy and helps us understand the light absorption of BrC in the atmosphere.
This article provides a combined EEM–PARAFAC and statistical analysis method to explore how...
Altmetrics
Final-revised paper
Preprint