Articles | Volume 16, issue 4
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-2255-2016
© Author(s) 2016. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-2255-2016
© Author(s) 2016. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
Research article
| 
26 Feb 2016
Research article |
| 26 Feb 2016
Role of methyl group number on SOA formation from monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons photooxidation under low-NOx conditions
L. Li
University of California, Riverside, Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Riverside, CA 92507, USA
College of Engineering-Center for Environmental Research and Technology (CE-CERT), Riverside, CA 92507, USA
P. Tang
University of California, Riverside, Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Riverside, CA 92507, USA
College of Engineering-Center for Environmental Research and Technology (CE-CERT), Riverside, CA 92507, USA
University of California, Riverside, Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Riverside, CA 92507, USA
College of Engineering-Center for Environmental Research and Technology (CE-CERT), Riverside, CA 92507, USA
currently at: Clarkson University, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Potsdam, NY 13699, USA
C.-L. Chen
University of California, Riverside, Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Riverside, CA 92507, USA
College of Engineering-Center for Environmental Research and Technology (CE-CERT), Riverside, CA 92507, USA
currently at: Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, La Jolla, CA, USA
D. R. Cocker III
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
University of California, Riverside, Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Riverside, CA 92507, USA
College of Engineering-Center for Environmental Research and Technology (CE-CERT), Riverside, CA 92507, USA
Related authors
Lijie Li, Ping Tang, Shunsuke Nakao, and David R. Cocker III
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 10793–10808, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-10793-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-10793-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
This study comprehensively investigates the molecular structure impact on SOA formation during the photooxidation of aromatic hydrocarbons under low-NOx conditions by simultaneously analyzing SOA yield, chemical composition and physical properties. The result suggests that the substitute location, carbon chain length and branching structure exert greater impact on SOA formation than the substitute number. This study improve the understanding of SOA formation from anthropogenic sources.
Veronica Z. Berta, Lynn M. Russell, Derek J. Price, Chia-Li Chen, Alex K. Y. Lee, Patricia K. Quinn, Timothy S. Bates, Thomas G. Bell, and Michael J. Behrenfeld
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 2765–2787, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-2765-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-2765-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Amines are compounds emitted from a variety of marine and continental sources and were measured by aerosol mass spectrometry and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy during the North Atlantic Aerosols and Marine Ecosystems Study (NAAMES) cruises. Secondary continental and primary marine sources of amines were identified by comparisons to tracers. The results show that the two methods are complementary for investigating amines in the marine environment.
Ningjin Xu, Chen Le, David R. Cocker, and Don R. Collins
Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2022-285, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2022-285, 2022
Revised manuscript accepted for AMT
Short summary
Short summary
A flow-through reactor was developed that exposes known mixtures of gases or ambient air to very high concentrations of the oxidants that are responsible for much of the chemistry that takes place in the atmosphere. Like other reactors of its type, it is primarily used to study formation of particulate matter from oxidation of common gases. But unlike other reactors of its type, it can simulate the chemical reactions that occur in liquid water that is present in particles or cloud droplets.
Ting-Yu Chen, Chia-Li Chen, Yi-Chi Chen, Charles C.-K. Chou, Haojia Ren, and Hui-Ming Hung
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 13001–13012, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-13001-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-13001-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The anthropogenic influence on aerosol composition in a downstream river-valley forest was investigated using FTIR and isotope analysis. A higher N-containing species concentration during daytime fog events indicates that a stronger inversion leads to higher pollutant concentrations, and the fog enhances the aqueous-phase chemical processes. Moreover, the observed size-dependent oxygen isotope suggests the contribution of organic peroxyl radicals to local nitrate formation for small particles.
Qi Li, Jia Jiang, Isaac K. Afreh, Kelley C. Barsanti, and David R. Cocker III
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 3131–3147, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-3131-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-3131-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Chamber-derived secondary organic aerosol (SOA) yields from camphene are reported for the first time. The role of peroxy radicals (RO2) was investigated using chemically detailed box models. We observed higher SOA yields (up to 64 %) in the experiments with added NOx than without due to the formation of highly oxygenated organic molecules (HOMs) when
NOx is present. This work can improve the representation of camphene in air quality models and provide insights into other monoterpene studies.
Sophia M. Charan, Yuanlong Huang, Reina S. Buenconsejo, Qi Li, David R. Cocker III, and John H. Seinfeld
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 917–928, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-917-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-917-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
In this study, we investigate the secondary organic aerosol formation potential of decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (D5), which is used as a tracer for volatile chemical products and measured in high concentrations both outdoors and indoors. By performing experiments in different types of reactors, we find that D5’s aerosol formation is highly dependent on OH, and, at low OH concentrations or exposures, D5 forms little aerosol. We also reconcile results from other studies.
Lijie Li, Ping Tang, Shunsuke Nakao, and David R. Cocker III
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 10793–10808, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-10793-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-10793-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
This study comprehensively investigates the molecular structure impact on SOA formation during the photooxidation of aromatic hydrocarbons under low-NOx conditions by simultaneously analyzing SOA yield, chemical composition and physical properties. The result suggests that the substitute location, carbon chain length and branching structure exert greater impact on SOA formation than the substitute number. This study improve the understanding of SOA formation from anthropogenic sources.
R. J. Yokelson, I. R. Burling, J. B. Gilman, C. Warneke, C. E. Stockwell, J. de Gouw, S. K. Akagi, S. P. Urbanski, P. Veres, J. M. Roberts, W. C. Kuster, J. Reardon, D. W. T. Griffith, T. J. Johnson, S. Hosseini, J. W. Miller, D. R. Cocker III, H. Jung, and D. R. Weise
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 89–116, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-89-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-89-2013, 2013
Related subject area
Subject: Aerosols | Research Activity: Laboratory Studies | Altitude Range: Troposphere | Science Focus: Chemistry (chemical composition and reactions)
Distribution, chemical, and molecular composition of high and low molecular weight humic-like substances in ambient aerosols
Desorption lifetimes and activation energies influencing gas–surface interactions and multiphase chemical kinetics
Molecular analysis of secondary organic aerosol and brown carbon from the oxidation of indole
Secondary organic aerosol formed by Euro 5 gasoline vehicle emissions: chemical composition and gas-to-particle phase partitioning
Assessment of the contribution of residential waste burning to ambient PM10 concentrations in Hungary and Romania
Source differences in the components and cytotoxicity of PM2.5 from automobile exhaust, coal combustion, and biomass burning contributing to urban aerosol toxicity
Chamber studies of OH + dimethyl sulfoxide and dimethyl disulfide: insights into the dimethyl sulfide oxidation mechanism
Low-temperature ice nucleation of sea spray and secondary marine aerosols under cirrus cloud conditions
Temperature-dependent aqueous OH kinetics of C2–C10 linear and terpenoid alcohols and diols: new rate coefficients, structure–activity relationship, and atmospheric lifetimes
A possible unaccounted source of nitrogen-containing compound formation in aerosols: amines reacting with secondary ozonides
Seasonal variations in photooxidant formation and light absorption in aqueous extracts of ambient particles
Variability in sediment particle size, mineralogy, and Fe mode of occurrence across dust-source inland drainage basins: the case of the lower Drâa Valley, Morocco
Gas–particle partitioning of toluene oxidation products: an experimental and modeling study
Chemically speciated air pollutant emissions from open burning of household solid waste from South Africa
Technical Note: A Technique to Convert NO2 to NO2– with S(IV) and its Application to Measuring Nitrate Photolysis
Suppressed atmospheric chemical aging of cooking organic aerosol particles in wintertime conditions
Bulk and molecular-level composition of primary organic aerosol from wood, straw, cow dung, and plastic burning
Formation and Loss of Light Absorbance by Phenolic Aqueous SOA by OH and an Organic Triplet Excited State
Volatile oxidation products and secondary organosiloxane aerosol from D5 + OH at varying OH exposures
Molecular fingerprints and health risks of smoke from home-use incense burning
Photoenhanced sulfates formation by the heterogeneous uptake of SO2 on non-photoactive mineral dust
High enrichment of heavy metals in fine particulate matter through dust aerosol generation
Production of ice-nucleating particles (INPs) by fast-growing phytoplankton
Technical note: In situ measurements and modelling of the oxidation kinetics in films of a cooking aerosol proxy using a quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring (QCM-D)
Contrasting impacts of humidity on the ozonolysis of monoterpenes: insights into the multi-generation chemical mechanism
Quantifying the seasonal variations in and regional transport of PM2.5 in the Yangtze River Delta region, China: characteristics, sources, and health risks
Opinion: Atmospheric multiphase chemistry – past, present, and future
Distinct photochemistry in glycine particles mixed with different atmospheric nitrate salts
Effects of storage conditions on the molecular-level composition of organic aerosol particles
Characterization of gas and particle emissions from open burning of household solid waste from South Africa
Chemically distinct particle-phase emissions from highly controlled pyrolysis of three wood types
Predicting photooxidant concentrations in aerosol liquid water based on laboratory extracts of ambient particles
Physicochemical characterization of free troposphere and marine boundary layer ice-nucleating particles collected by aircraft in the eastern North Atlantic
Large differences of highly oxygenated organic molecules (HOMs) and low-volatile species in secondary organic aerosols (SOAs) formed from ozonolysis of β-pinene and limonene
Impact of fossil and non-fossil fuel sources on the molecular compositions of water-soluble humic-like substances in PM2.5 at a suburban site of Yangtze River Delta, China
Technical note: Improved synthetic routes to cis- and trans-(2-methyloxirane-2,3-diyl)dimethanol (cis- and trans-β-isoprene epoxydiol)
Technical note: Intercomparison study of the elemental carbon radiocarbon analysis methods using synthetic known samples
Chemical evolution of primary and secondary biomass burning aerosols during daytime and nighttime
Formation of highly oxygenated organic molecules from the oxidation of limonene by OH radical: significant contribution of H-abstraction pathway
Measurement report: Atmospheric aging of combustion-derived particles – impact on stable free radical concentration and its ability to produce reactive oxygen species in aqueous media
Photoaging of phenolic secondary organic aerosol in the aqueous phase: evolution of chemical and optical properties and effects of oxidants
An intercomparison study of four different techniques for measuring the chemical composition of nanoparticles
Simultaneous formation of sulfate and nitrate via co-uptake of SO2 and NO2 by aqueous NaCl droplets: combined effect of nitrate photolysis and chlorine chemistry
Photo-induced shrinking of aqueous glycine aerosol droplets
Sulfate formation via aerosol-phase SO2 oxidation by model biomass burning photosensitizers: 3,4-dimethoxybenzaldehyde, vanillin and syringaldehyde using single-particle mixing-state analysis
Yields and molecular composition of gas-phase and secondary organic aerosol from the photooxidation of the volatile consumer product benzyl alcohol: formation of highly oxygenated and hydroxy nitro-aromatic compounds
A combined gas- and particle-phase analysis of highly oxygenated organic molecules (HOMs) from α-pinene ozonolysis
Comparison of aqueous secondary organic aerosol (aqSOA) product distributions from guaiacol oxidation by non-phenolic and phenolic methoxybenzaldehydes as photosensitizers in the absence and presence of ammonium nitrate
Technical note: Chemical composition and source identification of fluorescent components in atmospheric water-soluble brown carbon by excitation–emission matrix spectroscopy with parallel factor analysis – potential limitations and applications
Insoluble lipid film mediates transfer of soluble saccharides from the sea to the atmosphere: the role of hydrogen bonding
Xingjun Fan, Ao Cheng, Xufang Yu, Tao Cao, Dan Chen, Wenchao Ji, Yongbing Cai, Fande Meng, Jianzhong Song, and Ping'an Peng
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 3769–3783, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-3769-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-3769-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Molecular-level characteristics of high molecular weight (HMW) and low MW (LMW) humic-like substances (HULIS) were comprehensively investigated, where HMW HULIS had larger chromophores and larger molecular size than LMW HULIS and exhibited higher aromaticity and humification. Electrospray ionization high-resolution mass spectrometry revealed more aromatic molecules in HMW HULIS. HMW HULIS had more CHON compounds, while LMW HULIS had more CHO compounds.
Daniel A. Knopf, Markus Ammann, Thomas Berkemeier, Ulrich Pöschl, and Manabu Shiraiwa
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 3445–3528, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-3445-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-3445-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The initial step of interfacial and multiphase chemical processes involves adsorption and desorption of gas species. This study demonstrates the role of desorption energy governing the residence time of the gas species at the environmental interface. A parameterization is formulated that enables the prediction of desorption energy based on the molecular weight, polarizability, and oxygen-to-carbon ratio of the desorbing chemical species. Its application to gas–particle interactions is discussed.
Feng Jiang, Kyla Siemens, Claudia Linke, Yanxia Li, Yiwei Gong, Thomas Leisner, Alexander Laskin, and Harald Saathoff
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 2639–2649, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-2639-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-2639-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We investigated the optical properties, chemical composition, and formation mechanisms of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) and brown carbon (BrC) from the oxidation of indole with and without NO2 in the Aerosol Interaction and Dynamics in the Atmosphere (AIDA) simulation chamber. This work is one of the very few to link the optical properties and chemical composition of indole SOA with and without NO2 by simulation chamber experiments.
Evangelia Kostenidou, Baptiste Marques, Brice Temime-Roussel, Yao Liu, Boris Vansevenant, Karine Sartelet, and Barbara D'Anna
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 2705–2729, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-2705-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-2705-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Secondary organic aerosol (SOA) from gasoline vehicles can be a significant source of particulate matter in urban areas. Here the chemical composition of secondary volatile organic compounds and SOA produced by photo-oxidation of Euro 5 gasoline vehicle emissions was studied. The volatility of the SOA formed was calculated. Except for the temperature and the concentration of the aerosol, additional parameters may play a role in the gas-to-particle partitioning.
András Hoffer, Aida Meiramova, Ádám Tóth, Beatrix Jancsek-Turóczi, Gyula Kiss, Ágnes Rostási, Erika Andrea Levei, Luminita Marmureanu, Attila Machon, and András Gelencsér
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 1659–1671, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-1659-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-1659-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Specific tracer compounds identified previously in controlled test burnings of different waste types in the laboratory were detected and quantified in ambient PM10 samples collected in five Hungarian and four Romanian settlements. Back-of-the-envelope calculations based on the relative emission factors of individual tracers suggested that the contribution of solid waste burning particulate emissions to ambient PM10 mass concentrations may be as high as a few percent.
Xiao-San Luo, Weijie Huang, Guofeng Shen, Yuting Pang, Mingwei Tang, Weijun Li, Zhen Zhao, Hanhan Li, Yaqian Wei, Longjiao Xie, and Tariq Mehmood
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 1345–1360, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-1345-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-1345-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
PM2.5 are air pollutants threatening health globally, but they are a mixture of chemical compositions from many sources and result in unequal toxicity. Which composition from which source of PM2.5 as the most hazardous object is a question hindering effective pollution control policy-making. With chemical and toxicity experiments, we found automobile exhaust and coal combustion to be priority emissions with higher toxic compositions for precise air pollution control, ensuring public health.
Matthew B. Goss and Jesse H. Kroll
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 1299–1314, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-1299-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-1299-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The chemistry driving dimethyl sulfide (DMS) oxidation and subsequent sulfate particle formation in the atmosphere is poorly constrained. We oxidized two related compounds (dimethyl sulfoxide and dimethyl disulfide) in the laboratory under varied NOx conditions and measured the gas- and particle-phase products. These results demonstrate that both the OH addition and OH abstraction pathways for DMS oxidation contribute to particle formation via mechanisms that do not involve the SO2 intermediate.
Ryan J. Patnaude, Kathryn A. Moore, Russell J. Perkins, Thomas C. J. Hill, Paul J. DeMott, and Sonia M. Kreidenweis
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 911–928, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-911-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-911-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
In this study we examined the effect of atmospheric aging on sea spray aerosols (SSAs) to form ice and how newly formed secondary marine aerosols (SMAs) may freeze at cirrus temperatures (< −38 °C). Results show that SSAs freeze at different relative humidities (RHs) depending on the temperature and that the ice-nucleating ability of SSA was not hindered by atmospheric aging. SMAs are shown to freeze at high RHs and are likely inefficient at forming ice at cirrus temperatures.
Bartłomiej Witkowski, Priyanka Jain, Beata Wileńska, and Tomasz Gierczak
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 663–688, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-663-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-663-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This article reports the results of the kinetic measurements for the aqueous oxidation of the 29 aliphatic alcohols by hydroxyl radical (OH) at different temperatures. The data acquired and the literature data were used to optimize a model for predicting the aqueous OH reactivity of alcohols and carboxylic acids and to estimate the atmospheric lifetimes of five terpenoic alcohols. The kinetic data provided new insights into the mechanism of aqueous oxidation of aliphatic molecules by the OH.
Junting Qiu, Xinlin Shen, Jiangyao Chen, Guiying Li, and Taicheng An
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 155–166, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-155-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-155-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We studied reactions of secondary ozonides (SOZs) with amines. SOZs formed from ozonolysis of β-caryophyllene and α-humulene are found to be reactive to ethylamine and methylamine. Products from SOZs with various conformations reacting with the same amine had different functional groups. Our findings indicate that interaction of SOZs with amines in the atmosphere is very complicated, which is potentially a hitherto unrecognized source of N-containing compound formation.
Lan Ma, Reed Worland, Laura Heinlein, Chrystal Guzman, Wenqing Jiang, Christopher Niedek, Keith J. Bein, Qi Zhang, and Cort Anastasio
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 1–21, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-1-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-1-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We measured concentrations of three photooxidants – the hydroxyl radical, triplet excited states of organic carbon, and singlet molecular oxygen – in fine particles collected over a year. Concentrations are highest in extracts of fresh biomass burning particles, largely because they have the highest particle concentrations and highest light absorption. When normalized by light absorption, rates of formation for each oxidant are generally similar for the four particle types we observed.
Adolfo González-Romero, Cristina González-Flórez, Agnesh Panta, Jesús Yus-Díez, Cristina Reche, Patricia Córdoba, Natalia Moreno, Andres Alastuey, Konrad Kandler, Martina Klose, Clarissa Baldo, Roger N. Clark, Zongbo Shi, Xavier Querol, and Carlos Pérez García-Pando
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 15815–15834, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-15815-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-15815-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The effect of dust emitted from desertic surfaces upon climate and ecosystems depends on size and mineralogy, but data from soil mineral atlases of desert soils are scarce. We performed particle-size distribution, mineralogy, and Fe speciation in southern Morocco. Results show coarser particles with high quartz proportion are near the elevated areas, while in depressed areas, sizes are finer, and proportions of clays and nano-Fe oxides are higher. This difference is important for dust modelling.
Victor Lannuque, Barbara D'Anna, Evangelia Kostenidou, Florian Couvidat, Alvaro Martinez-Valiente, Philipp Eichler, Armin Wisthaler, Markus Müller, Brice Temime-Roussel, Richard Valorso, and Karine Sartelet
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 15537–15560, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-15537-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-15537-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Large uncertainties remain in understanding secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation from toluene oxidation. In this study, speciation measurements in gaseous and particulate phases were carried out, providing partitioning and volatility data on individual toluene SOA components at different temperatures. A new detailed oxidation mechanism was developed to improve modeled speciation, and effects of different processes involved in gas–particle partitioning at the molecular scale are explored.
Xiaoliang Wang, Hatef Firouzkouhi, Judith C. Chow, John G. Watson, Steven Sai Hang Ho, Warren Carter, and Alexandra S. M. De Vos
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 15375–15393, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-15375-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-15375-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Open burning of municipal solid waste emits chemicals that are harmful to the environment. This paper reports source profiles and emission factors for PM2.5 species and acidic/alkali gases from laboratory combustion of 10 waste categories (including plastics and biomass) that represent open burning in South Africa. Results will be useful for health and climate impact assessments, speciated emission inventories, source-oriented dispersion models, and receptor-based source apportionment.
Aaron Lieberman, Julietta Picco, Murat Onder, and Cort Anastasio
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2876, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2876, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We developed a method that uses S(IV) in aqueous solution to quantitatively convert NO2 to NO2–. This allows both species to be quantified using the Griess method. As an example of the utility of the method, we used it to quantify both photolysis channels of nitrate, with and without a scavenger for hydroxyl radical (•OH). The results show that without a scavenger, •OH reacts with nitrite to form nitrogen dioxide, suppressing the apparent quantum yield of NO2– and enhancing that of NO2.
Wenli Liu, Longkun He, Yingjun Liu, Keren Liao, Qi Chen, and Mikinori Kuwata
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2657, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2657, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Cooking is one of the major particle sources in urban areas. Previous laboratory studies demonstrated the chemical lifetimes of cooking organic aerosols were much shorter (~minutes) than the values reported by field observations (~hours). We conducted laboratory experiments to resolve the discrepancy by considering suppressed reactivity under low temperature. The parameterized k2-T relationships and observed surface temperature data were used to estimate the chemical lifetimes of COA particles.
Jun Zhang, Kun Li, Tiantian Wang, Erlend Gammelsæter, Rico K. Y. Cheung, Mihnea Surdu, Sophie Bogler, Deepika Bhattu, Dongyu S. Wang, Tianqu Cui, Lu Qi, Houssni Lamkaddam, Imad El Haddad, Jay G. Slowik, Andre S. H. Prevot, and David M. Bell
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 14561–14576, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-14561-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-14561-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We conducted burning experiments to simulate various types of solid fuel combustion, including residential burning, wildfires, agricultural burning, cow dung, and plastic bag burning. The chemical composition of the particles was characterized using mass spectrometers, and new potential markers for different fuels were identified using statistical analysis. This work improves our understanding of emissions from solid fuel burning and offers support for refined source apportionment.
Stephanie Arciva, Lan Ma, Camille Mavis, Chrystal Guzman, and Cort Anastasio
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2719, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2719, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We measured changes in light absorption during the aqueous oxidation of six phenols with hydroxyl radical (●OH) or an organic triplet excited state (3C*). All the phenols formed light-absorbing secondary brown carbon (BrC), which then decayed with continued oxidation. Extrapolation to ambient conditions suggest ●OH is the dominant sink of secondary phenolic BrC in fog/cloud drops while 3C* controls the lifetime of this light absorption in particle water.
Hyun Gu Kang, Yanfang Chen, Yoojin Park, Thomas Berkemeier, and Hwajin Kim
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 14307–14323, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-14307-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-14307-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
D5 is an emerging anthropogenic pollutant that is ubiquitous in indoor and urban environments, and the OH oxidation of D5 forms secondary organosiloxane aerosol (SOSiA). Application of a kinetic box model that uses a volatility basis set (VBS) showed that consideration of oxidative aging (aging-VBS) predicts SOSiA formation much better than using a standard-VBS model. Ageing-dependent parameterization is needed to accurately model SOSiA to assess the implications of siloxanes for air quality.
Kai Song, Rongzhi Tang, Jingshun Zhang, Zichao Wan, Yuan Zhang, Kun Hu, Yuanzheng Gong, Daqi Lv, Sihua Lu, Yu Tan, Ruifeng Zhang, Ang Li, Shuyuan Yan, Shichao Yan, Baoming Fan, Wenfei Zhu, Chak K. Chan, Maosheng Yao, and Song Guo
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 13585–13595, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-13585-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-13585-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Incense burning is common in Asia, posing threats to human health and air quality. However, less is known about its emissions and health risks. Full-volatility organic species from incense-burning smoke are detected and quantified. Intermediate-volatility volatile organic compounds (IVOCs) are crucial organics accounting for 19.2 % of the total emission factors (EFs) and 40.0 % of the secondary organic aerosol (SOA) estimation, highlighting the importance of incorporating IVOCs into SOA models.
Chong Han, Jiawei Ma, Wangjin Yang, and Hongxing Yang
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-1273, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-1273, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We provide direct evidences that light prominently enhances the conversion of SO2 to sulfates on non-photoactive mineral dust, where 3SO2 can act as a pivotal trigger to generate sulfates. Photochemical sulfate formation depends on H2O, O2, and basicity of mineral dust. It is suggested that the SO2 photochemistry on non-photoactive mineral dust significantly contributes to sulfates, highlighting previously unknown pathway to better explain the missing sources of atmospheric sulfates.
Qianqian Gao, Shengqiang Zhu, Kaili Zhou, Jinghao Zhai, Shaodong Chen, Qihuang Wang, Shurong Wang, Jin Han, Xiaohui Lu, Hong Chen, Liwu Zhang, Lin Wang, Zimeng Wang, Xin Yang, Qi Ying, Hongliang Zhang, Jianmin Chen, and Xiaofei Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 13049–13060, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-13049-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-13049-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Dust is a major source of atmospheric aerosols. Its chemical composition is often assumed to be similar to the parent soil. However, this assumption has not been rigorously verified. Dust aerosols are mainly generated by wind erosion, which may have some chemical selectivity. Mn, Cd and Pb were found to be highly enriched in fine-dust (PM2.5) aerosols. In addition, estimation of heavy metal emissions from dust generation by air quality models may have errors without using proper dust profiles.
Daniel C. O. Thornton, Sarah D. Brooks, Elise K. Wilbourn, Jessica Mirrielees, Alyssa N. Alsante, Gerardo Gold-Bouchot, Andrew Whitesell, and Kiana McFadden
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 12707–12729, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-12707-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-12707-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
A major uncertainty in our understanding of clouds and climate is the sources and properties of the aerosol on which clouds grow. We found that aerosol containing organic matter from fast-growing marine phytoplankton was a source of ice-nucleating particles (INPs). INPs facilitate freezing of ice crystals at warmer temperatures than otherwise possible and therefore change cloud formation and properties. Our results show that ecosystem processes and the properties of sea spray aerosol are linked.
Adam Milsom, Shaojun Qi, Ashmi Mishra, Thomas Berkemeier, Zhenyu Zhang, and Christian Pfrang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 10835–10843, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-10835-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-10835-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Aerosols and films are found indoors and outdoors. Our study measures and models reactions of a cooking aerosol proxy with the atmospheric oxidant ozone relying on a low-cost but sensitive technique based on mass changes and film rigidity. We found that film morphology changed and film rigidity increased with evidence of surface crust formation during ozone exposure. Our modelling results demonstrate clear potential to take this robust method to the field for reaction monitoring.
Shan Zhang, Lin Du, Zhaomin Yang, Narcisse Tsona Tchinda, Jianlong Li, and Kun Li
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 10809–10822, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-10809-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-10809-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
In this study, we have investigated the distinct impacts of humidity on the ozonolysis of two structurally different monoterpenes (limonene and Δ3-carene). We found that the molecular structure of precursors can largely influence the SOA formation under high RH by impacting the multi-generation reactions. Our results could advance knowledge on the roles of water content in aerosol formation and inform ongoing research on particle environmental effects and applications in models.
Yangzhihao Zhan, Min Xie, Wei Zhao, Tijian Wang, Da Gao, Pulong Chen, Jun Tian, Kuanguang Zhu, Shu Li, Bingliang Zhuang, Mengmeng Li, Yi Luo, and Runqi Zhao
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 9837–9852, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-9837-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-9837-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Although the main source contribution of pollution is secondary inorganic aerosols in Nanjing, health risks mainly come from industry sources and vehicle emissions. Therefore, the development of megacities should pay more attention to the health burden of vehicle emissions, coal combustion, and industrial processes. This study provides new insight into assessing the relationship between source apportionment and health risks and can provide valuable insight into air pollution strategies.
Jonathan P. D. Abbatt and A. R. Ravishankara
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 9765–9785, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-9765-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-9765-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
With important climate and air quality impacts, atmospheric multiphase chemistry involves gas interactions with aerosol particles and cloud droplets. We summarize the status of the field and discuss potential directions for future growth. We highlight the importance of a molecular-level understanding of the chemistry, along with atmospheric field studies and modeling, and emphasize the necessity for atmospheric multiphase chemists to interact widely with scientists from neighboring disciplines.
Zhancong Liang, Zhihao Cheng, Ruifeng Zhang, Yiming Qin, and Chak K. Chan
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 9585–9595, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-9585-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-9585-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
In this study, we found that the photolysis of sodium nitrate leads to a much quicker decay of free amino acids (FAAs, with glycine as an example) in the particle phase than ammonium nitrate photolysis, which is likely due to the molecular interactions between FAAs and different nitrate salts. Since sodium nitrate likely co-exists with FAAs in the coarse-mode particles, particulate nitrate photolysis can possibly contribute to a rapid decay of FAAs and affect atmospheric nitrogen cycling.
Julian Resch, Kate Wolfer, Alexandre Barth, and Markus Kalberer
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 9161–9171, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-9161-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-9161-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Detailed chemical analysis of organic aerosols is necessary to better understand their effects on climate and health. Aerosol samples are often stored for days to months before analysis. We examined the effects of storage conditions (i.e., time, temperature, and aerosol storage on filters or as solvent extracts) on composition and found significant changes in the concentration of individual compounds, indicating that sample storage can strongly affect the detailed chemical particle composition.
Xiaoliang Wang, Hatef Firouzkouhi, Judith C. Chow, John G. Watson, Warren Carter, and Alexandra S. M. De Vos
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 8921–8937, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-8921-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-8921-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Open burning of household and municipal solid waste is a common practice in developing countries and is a significant source of air pollution. However, few studies have measured emissions from open burning of waste. This study determined gas and particulate emissions from open burning of 10 types of household solid-waste materials. These results can improve emission inventories, air quality management, and assessment of the health and climate effects of open burning of household waste.
Anita M. Avery, Mariam Fawaz, Leah R. Williams, Tami Bond, and Timothy B. Onasch
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 8837–8854, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-8837-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-8837-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Pyrolysis is the thermal decomposition of fuels like wood which occurs during combustion or as an isolated process. During combustion, some pyrolysis products are emitted directly, while others are oxidized in the combustion process. This work describes the chemical composition of particle-phase pyrolysis products in order to investigate both the uncombusted emissions from wildfires and the fuel that participates in combustion.
Lan Ma, Reed Worland, Wenqing Jiang, Christopher Niedek, Chrystal Guzman, Keith J. Bein, Qi Zhang, and Cort Anastasio
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 8805–8821, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-8805-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-8805-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Although photooxidants are important in airborne particles, little is known of their concentrations. By measuring oxidants in a series of particle dilutions, we predict their concentrations in aerosol liquid water (ALW). We find •OH concentrations in ALW are on the order of 10−15 M, similar to their cloud/fog values, while oxidizing triplet excited states and singlet molecular oxygen have ALW values of ca. 10−13 M and 10−12 M, respectively, roughly 10–100 times higher than in cloud/fog drops.
Daniel A. Knopf, Peiwen Wang, Benny Wong, Jay M. Tomlin, Daniel P. Veghte, Nurun N. Lata, Swarup China, Alexander Laskin, Ryan C. Moffet, Josephine Y. Aller, Matthew A. Marcus, and Jian Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 8659–8681, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-8659-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-8659-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Ambient particle populations and associated ice-nucleating particles (INPs)
were examined from particle samples collected on board aircraft in the marine
boundary layer and free troposphere in the eastern North Atlantic during
summer and winter. Chemical imaging shows distinct differences in the
particle populations seasonally and with sampling altitudes, which are
reflected in the INP types. Freezing parameterizations are derived for
implementation in cloud-resolving and climate models.
Dandan Liu, Yun Zhang, Shujun Zhong, Shuang Chen, Qiaorong Xie, Donghuan Zhang, Qiang Zhang, Wei Hu, Junjun Deng, Libin Wu, Chao Ma, Haijie Tong, and Pingqing Fu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 8383–8402, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-8383-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-8383-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Based on ultra-high-resolution mass spectrometry analysis, we found that β-pinene oxidation-derived highly oxygenated organic molecules (HOMs) exhibit higher yield at high ozone concentration, while limonene oxidation-derived HOMs exhibit higher yield at moderate ozone concentration. The distinct molecular response of HOMs and low-volatile species in different biogenic secondary organic aerosols to ozone concentrations provides a new clue for more accurate air quality prediction and management.
Mengying Bao, Yan-Lin Zhang, Fang Cao, Yihang Hong, Yu-Chi Lin, Mingyuan Yu, Hongxing Jiang, Zhineng Cheng, Rongshuang Xu, and Xiaoying Yang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 8305–8324, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-8305-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-8305-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The interaction between the sources and molecular compositions of humic-like substances (HULIS) at Nanjing, China, was explored. Significant fossil fuel source contributions to HULIS were found in the 14C results from biomass burnng and traffic emissions. Increasing biogenic secondary organic aerosol (SOA) products and anthropogenic aromatic compounds were detected in summer and winter, respectively.
Molly Frauenheim, Jason D. Surratt, Zhenfa Zhang, and Avram Gold
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 7859–7866, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-7859-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-7859-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We report synthesis of the isoprene-derived photochemical oxidation products trans- and cis-β-epoxydiols in high overall yields from inexpensive, readily available starting compounds. Protection/deprotection steps or time-consuming purification is not required, and the reactions can be scaled up to gram quantities. The procedures provide accessibility of these important compounds to atmospheric chemistry laboratories with only basic capabilities in organic synthesis.
Xiangyun Zhang, Jun Li, Sanyuan Zhu, Junwen Liu, Ping Ding, Shutao Gao, Chongguo Tian, Yingjun Chen, Ping'an Peng, and Gan Zhang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 7495–7502, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-7495-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-7495-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The results show that 14C elemental carbon (EC) was not only related to the isolation method but also to the types and proportions of the biomass sources in the sample. The hydropyrolysis (Hypy) method, which can be used to isolate a highly stable portion of ECHypy and avoid charring, is a more effective and stable approach for the matrix-independent 14C quantification of EC in aerosols, and the 13C–ECHypy and non-fossil ECHypy values of SRM1649b were –24.9 ‰ and 11 %, respectively.
Amir Yazdani, Satoshi Takahama, John K. Kodros, Marco Paglione, Mauro Masiol, Stefania Squizzato, Kalliopi Florou, Christos Kaltsonoudis, Spiro D. Jorga, Spyros N. Pandis, and Athanasios Nenes
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 7461–7477, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-7461-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-7461-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Organic aerosols directly emitted from wood and pellet stove combustion are found to chemically transform (approximately 15 %–35 % by mass) under daytime aging conditions simulated in an environmental chamber. A new marker for lignin-like compounds is found to degrade at a different rate than previously identified biomass burning markers and can potentially provide indication of aging time in ambient samples.
Hao Luo, Luc Vereecken, Hongru Shen, Sungah Kang, Iida Pullinen, Mattias Hallquist, Hendrik Fuchs, Andreas Wahner, Astrid Kiendler-Scharr, Thomas F. Mentel, and Defeng Zhao
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 7297–7319, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-7297-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-7297-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Oxidation of limonene, an element emitted by trees and chemical products, by OH, a daytime oxidant, forms many highly oxygenated organic molecules (HOMs), including C10-20 compounds. HOMs play an important role in new particle formation and growth. HOM formation can be explained by the chemistry of peroxy radicals. We found that a minor branching ratio initial pathway plays an unexpected, significant role. Considering this pathway enables accurate simulations of HOMs and other concentrations.
Heather L. Runberg and Brian J. Majestic
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 7213–7223, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-7213-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-7213-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Environmentally persistent free radicals (EPFRs) are an emerging pollutant found in soot particles. Understanding how these change as they move through the atmosphere is important to human health. Here, soot was generated in the laboratory and exposed to simulated sunlight. The concentrations and characteristics of EPFRs in the soot were measured and found to be unchanged. However, it was also found that the ability of soot to form hydroxyl radicals was stronger for fresh soot.
Wenqing Jiang, Christopher Niedek, Cort Anastasio, and Qi Zhang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 7103–7120, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-7103-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-7103-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We studied how aqueous-phase secondary organic aerosol (aqSOA) form and evolve from a phenolic carbonyl commonly present in biomass burning smoke. The composition and optical properties of the aqSOA are significantly affected by photochemical reactions and are dependent on the oxidants' concentration and identity in water. During photoaging, the aqSOA initially becomes darker, but prolonged aging leads to the formation of volatile products, resulting in significant mass loss and photobleaching.
Lucía Caudillo, Mihnea Surdu, Brandon Lopez, Mingyi Wang, Markus Thoma, Steffen Bräkling, Angela Buchholz, Mario Simon, Andrea C. Wagner, Tatjana Müller, Manuel Granzin, Martin Heinritzi, Antonio Amorim, David M. Bell, Zoé Brasseur, Lubna Dada, Jonathan Duplissy, Henning Finkenzeller, Xu-Cheng He, Houssni Lamkaddam, Naser G. A. Mahfouz, Vladimir Makhmutov, Hanna E. Manninen, Guillaume Marie, Ruby Marten, Roy L. Mauldin, Bernhard Mentler, Antti Onnela, Tuukka Petäjä, Joschka Pfeifer, Maxim Philippov, Ana A. Piedehierro, Birte Rörup, Wiebke Scholz, Jiali Shen, Dominik Stolzenburg, Christian Tauber, Ping Tian, António Tomé, Nsikanabasi Silas Umo, Dongyu S. Wang, Yonghong Wang, Stefan K. Weber, André Welti, Marcel Zauner-Wieczorek, Urs Baltensperger, Richard C. Flagan, Armin Hansel, Jasper Kirkby, Markku Kulmala, Katrianne Lehtipalo, Douglas R. Worsnop, Imad El Haddad, Neil M. Donahue, Alexander L. Vogel, Andreas Kürten, and Joachim Curtius
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 6613–6631, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-6613-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-6613-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
In this study, we present an intercomparison of four different techniques for measuring the chemical composition of nanoparticles. The intercomparison was performed based on the observed chemical composition, calculated volatility, and analysis of the thermograms. We found that the methods generally agree on the most important compounds that are found in the nanoparticles. However, they do see different parts of the organic spectrum. We suggest potential explanations for these differences.
Ruifeng Zhang and Chak Keung Chan
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 6113–6126, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-6113-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-6113-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Research into sulfate and nitrate formation from co-uptake of NO2 and SO2, especially under irradiation, is rare. We studied the co-uptake of NO2 and SO2 by NaCl droplets under various conditions, including irradiation and dark, and RHs, using Raman spectroscopy flow cell and kinetic model simulation. Significant nitrate formation from NO2 hydrolysis can be photolyzed to generate OH radicals that can further react with chloride to produce reactive chlorine species and promote sulfate formation.
Shinnosuke Ishizuka, Oliver Reich, Grégory David, and Ruth Signorell
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 5393–5402, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-5393-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-5393-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Photosensitizers play an important role in the photochemistry of atmospheric aerosols. Our study provides evidence that mesoscopic glycine clusters forming in aqueous droplets act as unconventional photosensitizers in the visible light spectrum. We observed the influence of these photoactive molecular aggregates in single optically trapped aqueous droplets. Such mesoscopic photosensitizers might be more important for aerosol photochemistry than previously anticipated.
Liyuan Zhou, Zhancong Liang, Beatrix Rosette Go Mabato, Rosemarie Ann Infante Cuevas, Rongzhi Tang, Mei Li, Chunlei Cheng, and Chak K. Chan
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 5251–5261, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-5251-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-5251-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This study reveals the sulfate formation in photosensitized particles from biomass burning under UV and SO2, of which the relative atmospheric importance in sulfate production was qualitatively compared to nitrate photolysis. On the basis of single-particle aerosol mass spectrometry measurements, the number percentage of sulfate-containing particles and relative peak area of sulfate in single-particle spectra exhibited a descending order of 3,4-dimethoxybenzaldehyde > vanillin > syringaldehyde.
Mohammed Jaoui, Kenneth S. Docherty, Michael Lewandowski, and Tadeusz E. Kleindienst
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 4637–4661, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-4637-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-4637-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
VCPs are a class of chemicals widely used in industrial and consumer products (e.g., coatings, adhesives, inks, personal care products) and are an important component of total VOCs in urban atmospheres. This study provides SOA yields and detailed chemical analysis of the gas- and aerosol-phase products of the photooxidation of one of these VCPs, benzyl alcohol. These results will allow better links between characterized sources and their resulting criteria for pollutant formation.
Jian Zhao, Ella Häkkinen, Frans Graeffe, Jordan E. Krechmer, Manjula R. Canagaratna, Douglas R. Worsnop, Juha Kangasluoma, and Mikael Ehn
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 3707–3730, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-3707-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-3707-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Based on the combined measurements of gas- and particle-phase highly oxygenated organic molecules (HOMs) from α-pinene ozonolysis, enhancement of dimers in particles was observed. We conducted experiments wherein the dimer to monomer (D / M) ratios of HOMs in the gas phase were modified (adding CO / NO) to investigate the effects of the corresponding D / M ratios in the particles. These results are important for a better understanding of secondary organic aerosol formation in the atmosphere.
Beatrix Rosette Go Mabato, Yong Jie Li, Dan Dan Huang, Yalin Wang, and Chak K. Chan
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 2859–2875, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-2859-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-2859-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We compared non-phenolic and phenolic methoxybenzaldehydes as photosensitizers for aqueous secondary organic aerosol (aqSOA) formation under cloud and fog conditions. We showed that the structural features of photosensitizers affect aqSOA formation. We also elucidated potential interactions between photosensitization and ammonium nitrate photolysis. Our findings are useful for evaluating the importance of photosensitized reactions on aqSOA formation, which could improve aqSOA predictive models.
Tao Cao, Meiju Li, Cuncun Xu, Jianzhong Song, Xingjun Fan, Jun Li, Wanglu Jia, and Ping'an Peng
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 2613–2625, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-2613-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-2613-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This work comprehensively investigated the fluorescence data of light-absorbing organic compounds, water-soluble organic matter in different types of aerosol samples, soil dust, and fulvic and humic acids using an excitation–emission matrix (EEM) method and parallel factor modeling. The results revealed which light-absorbing species can be detected by EEM and also provided important information for identifying the chemical composition and possible sources of these species in atmospheric samples.
Minglan Xu, Narcisse Tsona Tchinda, Jianlong Li, and Lin Du
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 2235–2249, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-2235-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-2235-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The promotion of soluble saccharides on sea spray aerosol (SSA) generation and the changes in particle morphology were observed. On the contrary, the coexistence of surface insoluble fatty acid film and soluble saccharides significantly inhibited the production of SSA. This is the first demonstration that hydrogen bonding mediated by surface-insoluble fatty acids contributes to saccharide transfer in seawater, providing a new mechanism for saccharide enrichment in SSA.
Cited articles
Aiken, A. C., DeCarlo, P. F., and Jimenez, J. L.: Elemental analysis of
organic species with electron ionization high-resolution mass spectrometry,
Anal. Chem., 79, 8350–8358, https://doi.org/10.1021/ac071150w, 2007.
Aiken, A. C., DeCarlo, P. F., Kroll, J. H., Worsnop, D. R., Huffman, J. A.,
Docherty, K. S., Ulbrich, I. M., Mohr, C., Kimmel, J. R., Sueper, D., Sun,
Y., Zhang, Q., Trimborn, A., Northway, M., Ziemann, P. J., Canagaratna, M.
R., Onasch, T. B., Alfarra, M. R., Prevot, A. S. H., Dommen, J., Duplissy,
J., Metzger, A., Baltensperger, U., and Jimenez, J. H.: O/C and OM/OC ratios
of primary, secondary, and ambient organic aerosols with high-resolution
time-of-flight aerosol mass spectrometry, Environ. Sci. Technol., 42,
4478–4485, https://doi.org/10.1021/es703009q, 2008.
Alfarra, M. R., Coe, H., Allan, J. D., Bower, K. N., Boudries, H.,
Canagaratna, M. R., Jimenez, J. L., Jayne, J. T., Garforth, A. A., Li, S.-M.,
and Worsnop, D. R.: Characterization of urban and rural organic particulate
in the lower Fraser valley using two aerodyne aerosol mass spectrometers,
Atmos. Environ., 38, 5745–5758, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2004.01.054, 2004.
Arey, J., Obermeyer, G., Aschmann, S. M., Chattopadhyay, S., Cusick, R. D.,
and Atkinson, R.: Dicarbonyl products of the OH radical-initiated reaction
of a series of aromatic hydrocarbons, Environ. Sci. Technol., 43, 683–689,
https://doi.org/10.1021/es8019098, 2008.
Aschmann, S. M., Nishino, N., Arey, J., and Atkinson, R.: Kinetics of the
Reactions of OH Radicals with 2-and 3-Methylfuran, 2, 3-and 2, 5-Dimethylfuran, and E-and Z-3-Hexene-2, 5-dione, and Products of
OH + 2, 5-Dimethylfuran, Environ. Sci. Technol., 45, 1859–1865,
https://doi.org/10.1021/es103207k, 2011.
Aschmann, S. M., Arey, J., and Atkinson, R.: Rate constants for the reactions
of OH radicals with 1, 2, 4, 5-tetramethylbenzene, pentamethylbenzene,
2, 4, 5-trimethylbenzaldehyde, 2, 4, 5-trimethylphenol, and 3-methyl-3-hexene-2,
5-dione and products of OH + 1, 2, 4, 5-tetramethylbenzene, J. Phys. Chem. A,
117, 2556–2568, https://doi.org/10.1021/jp400323n, 2013.
Atkinson, R.: Rate constants for the atmospheric reactions of alkoxy
radicals: An updated estimation method, Atmos. Environ., 41, 8468–8485,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2007.07.002, 2007.
Atkinson, R. and Arey, J.: Atmospheric degradation of volatile organic
compounds, Chem. Rev., 103, 4605–4638, https://doi.org/10.1021/cr0206420, 2003.
Aumont, B., Valorso, R., Mouchel-Vallon, C., Camredon, M., Lee-Taylor, J.,
and Madronich, S.: Modeling SOA formation from the oxidation of intermediate
volatility n-alkanes, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 7577–7589, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-7577-2012, 2012.
Bahreini, R., Keywood, M. D., Ng, N. L., Varutbangkul, V., Gao, S., Flagan,
R. C., Seinfeld, J. H., Worsnop, D. R., and Jimenez, J. L.: Measurements of
secondary organic aerosol from oxidation of cycloalkenes, terpenes, and
m-xylene using an Aerodyne aerosol mass spectrometer, Environ. Sci. Technol.,
39, 5674–5688, https://doi.org/10.1021/es048061a, 2005.
Baltensperger, U., Kalberer, M., Dommen, J., Paulsen, D., Alfarra, M. R.,
Coe, H., Fisseha, R., Gascho, A., Gysel, M., Nyeki, S., Sax, M.,
Steinbacher, M., Prevot, A. S. H., Sjögren, S., Weingartnera, E., and
Zenobib, R.: Secondary organic aerosols from anthropogenic and biogenic
precursors, Faraday. Discuss, 130, 265–278, https://doi.org/10.1039/b417367h, 2005.
Bierbach, A., Barnes, I., Becker, K. H., and Wiesen, E.: Atmospheric
chemistry of unsaturated carbonyls: Butenedial, 4-oxo-2-pentenal,
3-hexene-2, 5-dione, maleic anhydride, 3H-furan-2-one, and
5-methyl-3H-furan-2-one, Environ. Sci. Technol, 28, 715–729, https://doi.org/10.1021/es00053a028, 1994.
Birdsall, A. W. and Elrod, M. J.: Comprehensive NO-dependent study of the
products of the oxidation of atmospherically relevant aromatic compounds, J.
Phys. Chem. A, 115, 5397–5407, https://doi.org/10.1021/jp2010327, 2011.
Birdsall, A. W., Andreoni, J. F., and Elrod, M. J.: Investigation of the role
of bicyclic peroxy radicals in the oxidation mechanism of toluene, J. Phys.
Chem. A, 114, 10655–10663, https://doi.org/10.1021/jp105467e, 2010.
Bloss, C., Wagner, V., Jenkin, M. E., Volkamer, R., Bloss, W. J., Lee, J.
D., Heard, D. E., Wirtz, K., Martin-Reviejo, M., Rea, G., Wenger, J. C., and
Pilling, M. J.: Development of a detailed chemical mechanism (MCMv3.1) for
the atmospheric oxidation of aromatic hydrocarbons, Atmos. Chem. Phys.,
5, 641–664, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-5-641-2005, 2005.
Borrás, E. and Tortajada-Genaro, L. A.: Secondary organic aerosol
formation from the photo-oxidation of benzene, Atmos. Environ., 47, 154–163,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2011.11.020, 2012.
Buczynska, A. J., Krata, A., Stranger, M., Godoi, A. F. L.,
Kontozova-Deutsch, V., Bencs, L., Naveau, I., Roekens, E., and Van Grieken,
R.: Atmospheric BTEX-concentrations in an area with intensive street
traffic, Atmos. Environ., 43, 311–318, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2008.09.071, 2009.
Calvert, J. G., Atkinson, R., Becker, K. H., Kamens, R. M., Seinfeld, J. H.,
Wallington, T. J., and Yarwood, G.: The mechanisms of atmospheric oxidation
of aromatic hydrocarbons, Oxford University Press, New York, 2002.
Canagaratna, M. R., Jayne, J. T., Jimenez, J. L., Allan, J. D., Alfarra, M.
R., Zhang, Q., Onasch, T. B., Drewnick, F., Coe, H., Middlebrook, A., Delia,
A., Williams, L. R., Trimborn, A. M., Northway, M. J., DeCarlo, P. F., Kolb,
C. E., Davidovits, P., and Worsnop D. R.: Chemical and microphysical
characterization of ambient aerosols with the aerodyne aerosol mass
spectrometer, Mass. Spectrom. Rev., 26, 185–222, https://doi.org/10.1002/mas.20115, 2007.
Canagaratna, M. R., Jimenez, J. L., Kroll, J. H., Chen, Q., Kessler, S. H.,
Massoli, P., Hildebrandt Ruiz, L., Fortner, E., Williams, L. R., Wilson, K.
R., Surratt, J. D., Donahue, N. M., Jayne, J. T., and Worsnop, D. R.:
Elemental ratio measurements of organic compounds using aerosol mass
spectrometry: characterization, improved calibration, and implications,
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 253–272, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-253-2015, 2015.
Cappa, C. D. and Wilson, K. R.: Multi-generation gas-phase oxidation,
equilibrium partitioning, and the formation and evolution of secondary
organic aerosol, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 9505–9528, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-9505-2012, 2012.
Carter, W. P. L. and Heo, G.: Development of revised SAPRC aromatics
mechanisms, Atmos. Environ., 77, 404–414, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2013.05.021, 2013.
Carter, W. P. L., Cocker III, D. R., Fitz, D. R., Malkina, I. L., Bumiller,
K., Sauer, C. G., Pisano, J. T., Bufalino, C., and Song, C.: A new environmental
chamber for evaluation of gas-phase chemical mechanisms and secondary
aerosol formation, Atmos. Environ., 39, 7768–7788, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2005.08.040, 2005.
Carter, W. P. L. and Heo, G.: Development of Revised SAPRC Aromatics
Mechanisms, California Air Resources Board, Sacramento, CA, USA, 2012.
Chan, A. W. H., Kroll, J. H., Ng, N. L., and Seinfeld, J. H.: Kinetic modeling of
secondary organic aerosol formation: effects of particle-and gas-phase
reactions of semivolatile products, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 4135–4147,
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-7-4135-2007, 2007.
Chen, Y., Wang, W., and Zhu, L.: Wavelength-dependent photolysis of
methylglyoxal in the 290–440 nm region, J. Phys. Chem. A, 104, 11126–11131,
https://doi.org/10.1021/jp002262t, 2000.
Chhabra, P. S., Ng, N. L., Canagaratna, M. R., Corrigan, A. L., Russell, L.
M., Worsnop, D. R., Flagan, R. C., and Seinfeld, J. H.: Elemental composition
and oxidation of chamber organic aerosol, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11,
8827–8845, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-8827-2011, 2011.
Cocker III, D. R., Flagan, R. C., and Seinfeld, J. H.: State-of-the-art
chamber facility for studying atmospheric aerosol chemistry, Environ. Sci.
Technol., 35, 2594–2601, https://doi.org/10.1021/es0019169, 2001a.
Cocker III, D. R., Mader, B. T., Kalberer, M., Flagan, R. C., and Seinfeld, J.
H.: The effect of water on gas–particle partitioning of secondary organic
aerosol: II. m-xylene and 1, 3, 5-trimethylbenzene photooxidation systems,
Atmos. Environ., 35, 6073–6085, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1352-2310(01)00405-8, 2001b.
Cross, E. S., Slowik, J. G., Davidovits, P., Allan, J. D., Worsnop, D. R.,
Jayne, J. T., Lewis, D. K., Canagaratna, M., and Onasch, T. B.: Laboratory
and ambient particle density determinations using light scattering in
conjunction with aerosol mass spectrometry, Aerosol Sci. Tech., 41, 343–359,
https://doi.org/10.1080/02786820701199736, 2007.
Darouich, T. A., Behar, F., and Largeau, C.: Thermal cracking of the light
aromatic fraction of Safaniya crude oil–experimental study and
compositional modelling of molecular classes, Org. Geochem., 37, 1130–1154,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orggeochem.2006.04.003, 2006.
DeCarlo, P. F., Slowik, J. G., Worsnop, D. R., Davidovits, P., and Jimenez,
J. L.: Particle morphology and density characterization by combined mobility
and aerodynamic diameter measurements. Part 1: Theory, Aerosol Sci. Tech.,
38, 1185–1205, https://doi.org/10.1080/027868290903907, 2004.
DeCarlo, P. F., Kimmel, J. R., Trimborn, A., Northway, M. J., Jayne, J. T.,
Aiken, A. C., Gonin, M., Fuhrer, K., Horvath, T., Docherty, K. S., Worsnop,
D. R., and Jimenez, J. L.: Field-deployable, high-resolution, time-of-flight
aerosol mass spectrometer, Anal. Chem., 78, 8281–8289, https://doi.org/10.1021/ac061249n, 2006.
Diehl, J. W. and Sanzo, F. P. Di.: Determination of aromatic hydrocarbons in
gasolines by flow modulated comprehensive two-dimensional gas
chromatography, J. Chromatogr. A, 1080, 157–165, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2004.11.054, 2005.
Dinar, E., Mentel, T., and Rudich, Y.: The density of humic acids and humic
like substances (HULIS) from fresh and aged wood burning and pollution
aerosol particles, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 6, 5213–5224, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-6-5213-2006, 2006.
Duplissy, J., DeCarlo, P. F., Dommen, J., Alfarra, M. R., Metzger, A.,
Barmpadimos, I., Prevot, A. S., Weingartner, E., Tritscher, T., and Gysel,
M.: Relating hygroscopicity and composition of organic aerosol particulate
matter, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 1155–1165, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-1155-2011, 2011.
Edney, E., Driscoll, D., Weathers, W., Kleindienst, T., Conver, T., McIver,
C., and Li, W.: Formation of polyketones in irradiated toluene/propylene/NOx/air
mixtures, Aerosol Sci. Tech., 35, 998–1008, https://doi.org/10.1080/027868201753306769, 2001.
Forstner, H. J. L., Flagan, R. C., and Seinfeld, J. H.: Secondary organic
aerosol from the photooxidation of aromatic hydrocarbons: Molecular
composition, Environ. Sci. Technol., 31, 1345–1358, https://doi.org/10.1021/es9605376, 1997.
Fraser, M. P., Cass, G. R., Simoneit, B. R., and Rasmussen, R.: Air quality
model evaluation data for organics. 5. C6–C22 nonpolar and
semipolar aromatic compounds, Environ. Sci. Technol., 32, 1760–1770, https://doi.org/10.1021/es970349v, 1998.
Glasson, W. A. and Tuesday, C. S.: Hydrocarbon reactivities in the
atmospheric photooxidation of nitric oxide, Environ. Sci. Technol., 4,
916–924, https://doi.org/10.1021/es60046a002, 1970.
Hallquist, M., Wenger, J. C., Baltensperger, U., Rudich, Y., Simpson, D.,
Claeys, M., Dommen, J., Donahue, N. M., George, C., Goldstein, A. H.,
Hamilton, J. F., Herrmann, H., Hoffmann, T., Iinuma, Y., Jang, M., Jenkin,
M. E., Jimenez, J. L., Kiendler-Scharr, A., Maenhaut, W., McFiggans, G.,
Mentel, Th. F., Monod, A., Prévôt, A. S. H., Seinfeld, J. H.,
Surratt, J. D., Szmigielski, R., and Wildt, J.: The formation, properties and
impact of secondary organic aerosol: current and emerging issues, Atmos.
Chem. Phys., 9, 5155–5236, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-5155-2009, 2009.
Hamilton, J. F., Webb, P. J., Lewis, A. C., and Reviejo, M. M.: Quantifying
small molecules in secondary organic aerosol formed during the
photo-oxidation of toluene with hydroxyl radicals, Atmos. Environ., 39,
7263–7275, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2005.09.006, 2005.
Hastings, W. P., Koehler, C. A., Bailey, E. L., and De Haan, D. O.: Secondary
organic aerosol formation by glyoxal hydration and oligomer formation:
Humidity effects and equilibrium shifts during analysis, Environ. Sci.
Technol., 39, 8728–8735, https://doi.org/10.1021/es050446l, 2005.
Heald, C. L., Kroll, J. H., Jimenez, J. L., Docherty, K. S., DeCarlo, P. F.,
Aiken, A. C., Chen, Q., Martin, S. T., Farmer, D. K., and Artaxo, P.: A
simplified description of the evolution of organic aerosol composition in
the atmosphere, Geophys. Res. Lett., 37, L08803, https://doi.org/10.1029/2010GL042737, 2010.
Henze, D. K., Seinfeld, J. H., Ng, N. L., Kroll, J. H., Fu, T.-M., Jacob, D.
J., and Heald, C. L.: Global modeling of secondary organic aerosol formation
from aromatic hydrocarbons: high-vs. low-yield pathways, Atmos. Chem. Phys.,
8, 2405–2421, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-8-2405-2008, 2008.
Hildebrandt Ruiz, L., Paciga, A., Cerully, K., Nenes, A., Donahue, N. M., and
Pandis, S. N.: Aging of secondary organic aerosol from small aromatic VOCs:
changes in chemical composition, mass yield, volatility and hygroscopicity,
Atmos. Chem. Phys. Disc., 14, 31441–31481, https://doi.org/10.5194/acpd-14-31441-2014, 2014.
Holzinger, R., Kleiss, B., Donoso, L., and Sanhueza, E.: Aromatic
hydrocarbons at urban, sub-urban, rural (8°52′ N;
67°19′ W) and remote sites in Venezuela, Atmos. Environ.,
35, 4917–4927, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1352-2310(01)00286-2, 2001.
Hu, D., Tolocka, M., Li, Q., and Kamens, R. M.: A kinetic mechanism for
predicting secondary organic aerosol formation from toluene oxidation in the
presence of NOx and natural sunlight, Atmos. Environ., 41, 6478–6496,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2007.04.025, 2007.
Hu, L., Millet, D. B., Baasandorj, M., Griffis, T. J., Travis, K. R.,
Tessum, C. W., Marshall, J. D., Reinhart, W. F., Mikoviny, T., Müller,
M., Wisthaler, A., Graus, M., Warneke, C., and de Gouw, J.: Emissions of
C6–C8 aromatic compounds in the United States: Constraints from
tall tower and aircraft measurements, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 120,
826–842, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014JD022627, 2015.
Iinuma, Y., Böge, O., Gnauk, T., and Herrmann, H.: Aerosol-chamber study
of the α-pinene/O3 reaction: influence of particle acidity on
aerosol yields and products, Atmos. Environ., 38, 761–773, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2003.10.015, 2004.
Jang, M. and Kamens, R. M.: Characterization of secondary aerosol from the
photooxidation of toluene in the presence of NOx and 1-propene,
Environ. Sci. Technol., 35, 3626–3639, https://doi.org/10.1021/es010676+, 2001.
Jang, M., Czoschke, N. M., Lee, S., and Kamens, R. M.: Heterogeneous
atmospheric aerosol production by acid-catalyzed particle-phase reactions,
Science, 298, 814–817, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1075798, 2002.
Jimenez, J. L., Canagaratna, M. R., Donahue, N. M., Prevot, A. S. H., Zhang,
Q., Kroll, J. H., DeCarlo, P. F., Allan, J. D., Coe, H., Ng, N. L., Aiken,
A. C., Docherty, K. S., Ulbrich, I. M., Grieshop, A. P., Robinson, A. L.,
Duplissy, J., Smith, J. D., Wilson, K. R., Lanz, V. A., Hueglin, C., Sun, Y.
L., Tian, J., Laaksonen, A., Raatikainen, T., Rautiainen, J., Vaattovaara,
P., Ehn, M., Kulmala, M., Tomlinson, J. M., Collins, D. R., Cubison, M. J.,
Dunlea1, E., J., Huffman, J. A., Onasch, T. B., Alfarra, M. R., Williams, P.
I., Bower, K., Kondo, Y., Schneider, J., Drewnick, F., Borrmann, S., Weimer,
S.,, Demerjian, K., Salcedo, D., Cottrell, L., Griffin, R., Takami, A.,
Miyoshi, T., Hatakeyama, S., Shimono, A., Sun, J. Y., Zhang, Y. M., Dzepina,
K., Kimmel, J. R., Sueper, D., J. Jayne, T., Herndon, S. C., Trimborn, A.
M., Williams, L. R., Wood, E. C., Middlebrook, A. M., Kolb C. E.,
Baltensperger, U., and Worsnop D. R.: Evolution of organic aerosols in the
atmosphere, Science, 326, 1525–1529, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1180353, 2009.
Johnson, D., Jenkin, M. E., Wirtz, K., and Martin-Reviejo, M.: Simulating the
formation of secondary organic aerosol from the photooxidation of toluene,
Environ. Chem., 1, 150–165, https://doi.org/10.1071/EN04069, 2004.
Johnson, D., Jenkin, M. E., Wirtz, K., and Martin-Reviejo, M.: Simulating the
formation of secondary organic aerosol from the photooxidation of aromatic
hydrocarbons, Environ. Chem., 2, 35–48, https://doi.org/10.1071/EN04079, 2005.
Kalberer, M., Paulsen, D., Sax, M., Steinbacher, M., Dommen, J., Prevot, A.
S. H., Fisseha, R., Weingartner, E., Frankevich, V., and Zenobi, R.:
Identification of polymers as major components of atmospheric organic
aerosols, Science, 303, 1659–1662, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1092185, 2004.
Kanakidou, M., Seinfeld, J. H., Pandis, S. N., Barnes, I., Dentener, F. J,
Facchini, M. C., Van Dingenen, R., Ervens, B., Nenes, A., Nielsen, C. J.,
Swietlicki, E., Putaud, J. P., Balkanski, Y., Fuzzi, S., Horth, J.,
Moortgat, G. K., Winterhalter, R., Myhre, C. E. L., Tsigaridis, K., Vignati,
E., Stephanou, E. G., and Wilson, J.: Organic aerosol and global climate
modelling: a review, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 5, 1053–1123, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-5-1053-2005, 2005.
Katrib, Y., Martin, S. T., Rudich, Y., Davidovits, P., Jayne, J. T., and
Worsnop, D. R.: Density changes of aerosol particles as a result of chemical
reaction, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 5, 275–291, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-5-275-2005, 2005.
Kleindienst, T. E., Smith, D. F., Li, W., Edney, E. O., Driscoll, D. J.,
Speer, R. E., and Weathers, W. S.: Secondary organic aerosol formation from
the oxidation of aromatic hydrocarbons in the presence of dry submicron
ammonium sulfate aerosol, Atmos. Environ., 33, 3669–3681, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1352-2310(99)00121-1, 1999.
Kroll, J. H. and Seinfeld, J. H.: Chemistry of secondary organic aerosol:
Formation and evolution of low-volatility organics in the atmosphere, Atmos.
Environ., 42, 3593–3624, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2008.01.003, 2008.
Kroll, J. H., Smith, J. D., Che, D. L., Kessler, S. H., Worsnop, D. R., and
Wilson, K.R.: Measurement of fragmentation and functionalization pathways in
the heterogeneous oxidation of oxidized organic aerosol, Phys. Chem. Chem.
Phys., 11, 8005–8014, https://doi.org/10.1039/b905289e, 2009.
Kroll, J. H., Donahue, N. M., Jimenez, J. L., Kessler, S. H., Canagaratna,
M. R., Wilson, K. R., Altieri, K .E., Mazzoleni, L. R., Wozniak, A. S.,
Bluhm, H., Mysak, E. R., Smith, J. D., Kolb, C. E., and Worsnop, D. R.: Carbon
oxidation state as a metric for describing the chemistry of atmospheric
organic aerosol, Nat. Chem., 3, 133–139, https://doi.org/10.1038/nchem.948, 2011.
Kuwata, M., Zorn, S. R., and Martin, S. T.: Using elemental ratios to predict
the density of organic material composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen,
Environ. Sci. Technol., 46, 787–794, https://doi.org/10.1021/es202525q, 2011.
Lambe, A. T., Chhabra, P. S., Onasch, T. B., Brune, W. H., Hunter, J. F.,
Kroll, J. H., Cummings, M. J., Brogan, J. F., Parmar, Y., Worsnop, D. R.,
Kolb, C. E., and Davidovits, P.: Effect of oxidant concentration, exposure
time, and seed particles on secondary organic aerosol chemical composition
and yield, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 3063–3075, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-3063-2015, 2015.
Li, L., Tang, P., Nakao, S., and Cocker III, D. R.: Impact of molecular structure
on secondary organic aerosol formation from aromatic hydrocarbon photooxidation
under low NOx conditions, Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2015-871, in review, 2016.
Liggio, J., Li, S.-M., and McLaren, R.: Heterogeneous reactions of glyoxal on
particulate matter: Identification of acetals and sulfate esters, Environ.
Sci. Technol., 39, 1532–1541, https://doi.org/10.1021/es048375y, 2015a.
Liggio, J., Li, S.-M., and McLaren, R.: Reactive uptake of glyoxal by
particulate matter, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 110, D10304, https://doi.org/10.1029/2004JD005113, 2015b.
Lim, Y. B. and Ziemann, P. J.: Effects of molecular structure on aerosol
yields from OH radical-initiated reactions of linear, branched, and cyclic
alkanes in the presence of NOx, Environ. Sci. Technol., 43, 2328–2334,
https://doi.org/10.1021/es803389s, 2009.
Lockhart, J., Blitz, M., Heard, D., Seakins, P., and Shannon, R.: Kinetic
study of the OH+ glyoxal reaction: experimental evidence and
quantification of direct OH recycling, J. Phys. Chem. A, 117, 11027–11037,
https://doi.org/10.1021/jp4076806, 2013.
Loza, C. L., Chhabra, P. S., Yee, L. D., Craven, J. S., Flagan, R. C., and
Seinfeld, J. H.: Chemical aging of m-xylene secondary organic aerosol:
laboratory chamber study, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 151–167, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-151-2012, 2012.
Malloy, Q. G., Nakao, S., Qi, L., Austin, R., Stothers, C., Hagino, H., and
Cocker III, D. R.: Real-Time Aerosol Density Determination Utilizing a
Modified Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer – Aerosol Particle Mass Analyzer
System, Aerosol Sci. Tech., 43, 673–678, https://doi.org/10.1080/02786820902832960, 2009.
Martín-Reviejo, M. and Wirtz, K.: Is benzene a precursor for secondary
organic aerosol?, Environ. Sci. Technol., 39, 1045–1054, https://doi.org/10.1021/es049802a, 2005.
Matsunaga, A., Docherty, K. S., Lim, Y. B., and Ziemann, P. J.: Composition
and yields of secondary organic aerosol formed from OH radical-initiated
reactions of linear alkenes in the presence of NOx: Modeling and
measurements, Atmos. Environ., 43, 1349–1357, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2008.12.004, 2009.
McLafferty, F. W. and Tureček, F.: Interpretation of mass spectra,
Univ. Science Books, Sausalito, CA, USA, 1993.
Nakao, S., Clark, C., Tang, P., Sato, K., and Cocker III, D. R.: Secondary
organic aerosol formation from phenolic compounds in the absence of
NOx, Atmos. Chem. Phys, 11, 10649–10660, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-10649-2011, 2011.
Nakao, S., Liu, Y., Tang, P., Chen, C.-L., Zhang, J., and Cocker III, D. R.:
Chamber studies of SOA formation from aromatic hydrocarbons: observation of
limited glyoxal uptake, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 3927–3937, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-3927-2012, 2012.
Nakao, S., Tang, P., Tang, X., Clark, C. H., Qi, L., Seo, E., Asa-Awuku, A.,
and Cocker III, D. R.: Density and elemental ratios of secondary organic
aerosol: Application of a density prediction method, Atmos. Environ., 68,
273–277, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2012.11.006, 2013.
Ng, N. L., Kroll, J. H., Chan, A. W. H., Chhabra, P. S., Flagan, R. C., and
Seinfeld, J. H.: Secondary organic aerosol formation from m-xylene, toluene,
and benzene, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 3909–3922, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-7-3909-2007, 2007.
Ng, N. L., Canagaratna, M. R., Zhang, Q., Jimenez, J. L., Tian, J., Ulbrich,
I. M., Kroll, J. H., Docherty, K. S., Chhabra, P. S., Bahreini, R., Murphy,
S. M., Seinfeld, J. H., Hildebrandt, L., Donahue, N. M., DeCarlo, P. F.,
Lanz, V. A., Prévôt, A. S. H., Dinar, E., Rudich, Y., and Worsnop, D.
R.: Organic aerosol components observed in Northern Hemispheric datasets
from Aerosol Mass Spectrometry, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 4625–4641,
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-4625-2010, 2010.
Ng, N. L., Canagaratna, M. R., Jimenez, J. L., Chhabra, P. S., Seinfeld, J.
H., and Worsnop, D. R.: Changes in organic aerosol composition with aging
inferred from aerosol mass spectra, Atmos. Chem. Phys, 11, 6465–6474,
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-6465-2011, 2011.
Noziere, B., Dziedzic, P., and Córdova, A.: Products and kinetics of the
liquid-phase reaction of glyoxal catalyzed by ammonium ions
(NH4+), J. Phys. Chem. A, 113, 231–237, https://doi.org/10.1021/jp8078293, 2008.
Odum, J. R., Hoffmann, T., Bowman, F., Collins, D., Flagan, R. C., and
Seinfeld, J. H.: Gas/particle partitioning and secondary organic aerosol
yields, Environ. Sci. Technol., 30, 2580–2585, https://doi.org/10.1021/es950943+, 1996.
Odum, J. R., Jungkamp, T., Griffin, R., Flagan, R. C., and Seinfeld, J. H.:
The atmospheric aerosol-forming potential of whole gasoline vapor, Science,
276, 96–99, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.276.5309.96, 1997a.
Odum, J. R., Jungkamp, T., Griffin, R. J., Forstner, H., Flagan, R. C., and
Seinfeld, J. H.: Aromatics, reformulated gasoline, and atmospheric organic
aerosol formation, Environ. Sci. Technol., 31, 1890–1897, https://doi.org/10.1021/es960535l, 1997b.
Pang, Y., Turpin, B., and Gundel, L.: On the importance of organic oxygen for
understanding organic aerosol particles, Aerosol Sci. Tech., 40, 128–133,
https://doi.org/10.1080/02786820500423790, 2006.
Pankow, J. F. and Asher, W. E.: SIMPOL 1: a simple group contribution
method for predicting vapor pressures and enthalpies of vaporization of
multifunctional organic compounds, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 8, 2773–2796,
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-8-2773-2008, 2008.
Pfaffenberger, L., Barmet, P., Slowik, J. G., Praplan, A. P., Dommen, J.,
Prévôt, A. S. H., and Baltensperger, U.: The link between organic
aerosol mass loading and degree of oxygenation: an α-pinene
photooxidation study, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 6493–6506, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-6493-2013, 2013.
Pilling, M. J. and Bartle, K. D.: A catalogue of urban hydrocarbons for the
city of Leeds: atmospheric monitoring of volatile organic compounds by thermal
desorption-gas chromatography, J. Environ. Monitor., 1, 453–458, https://doi.org/10.1039/a904879k, 1999.
Plum, C. N., Sanhueza, E., Atkinson, R., Carter, W. P., and Pitts, J. N.:
Hydroxyl radical rate constants and photolysis rates of alpha-dicarbonyls,
Environ. Sci. Technol., 17, 479–484, https://doi.org/10.1021/es00114a008, 1983.
Qi, L., Nakao, S., Malloy, Q., Warren, B., and Cocker, D. R.: Can secondary
organic aerosol formed in an atmospheric simulation chamber continuously
age?, Atmos. Environ., 44, 2990–2996, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2010.05.020, 2010a.
Qi, L., Nakao, S., Tang, P., and Cocker III, D. R.: Temperature effect on
physical and chemical properties of secondary organic aerosol from
m-xylene photooxidation, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 3847–3854, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-3847-2010, 2010b.
Rader, D. J. and McMurry, P. H.: Application of the tandem differential
mobility analyzer to studies of droplet growth or evaporation, J. Aerosol.
Sci., 17, 771–787, https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-8502(86)90031-5, 1986.
Salo, K., Hallquist, M., Jonsson, Å. M., Saathoff, H., Naumann, K.-H.,
Spindler, C., Tillmann, R., Fuchs, H., Bohn, B., Rubach, F., Mentel, T. F.,
Müller, L., Reinnig, M., Hoffmann, T., and Donahue, N. M.: Volatility of
secondary organic aerosol during OH radical induced ageing, Atmos. Chem.
Phys., 11, 11055–11067, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-11055-2011, 2011.
Salter, R. J., Blitz, M. A., Heard, D. E., Kovács, T., Pilling, M. J.,
Rickard, A. R., and Seakins, P. W.: Quantum yields for the photolysis of
glyoxal below 350 nm and parameterisations for its photolysis rate in the
troposphere, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 15, 4984–4994, https://doi.org/10.1039/c3cp43597k, 2013.
Sato, K., Hatakeyama, S., and Imamura, T.: Secondary organic aerosol
formation during the photooxidation of toluene: NOx dependence of
chemical composition, J. Phys. Chem. A, 111, 9796–9808, https://doi.org/10.1021/jp071419f, 2007.
Sato, K., Takami, A., Isozaki, T., Hikida, T., Shimono, A., and Imamura, T.:
Mass spectrometric study of secondary organic aerosol formed from the
photo-oxidation of aromatic hydrocarbons, Atmos. Environ., 44, 1080–1087,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2009.12.013, 2010.
Sato, K., Takami, A., Kato, Y., Seta, T., Fujitani, Y., Hikida, T., Shimono,
A., and Imamura, T.: AMS and LC/MS analyses of SOA from the
photooxidation of benzene and 1, 3, 5-trimethylbenzene in the presence of
NOx: effects of chemical structure on SOA aging, Atmos. Chem. Phys, 12,
4667–4682, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-4667-2012, 2012.
Shilling, J. E., Chen, Q., King, S. M., Rosenoern, T., Kroll, J. H.,
Worsnop, D. R., DeCarlo, P. F., Aiken, A. C., Sueper, D., Jimenez, J. L., and
Martin, S. T.: Loading-dependent elemental composition of α-pinene
SOA particles, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 771–782, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-771-2009, 2009.
Singh, H. B., Salas, L. J., Cantrell, B. K., and Redmond, R. M.: Distribution
of aromatic hydrocarbons in the ambient air, Atmos. Environ., 19, 1911–1919,
https://doi.org/10.1016/0004-6981(85)90017-4, 1985.
Singh, H. B., Salas, L., Viezee, W., Sitton, B., and Ferek, R.:
Measurement of volatile organic chemicals at selected sites in California,
Atmos. Environ. A-Gen., 26, 2929–2946, https://doi.org/10.1016/0960-1686(92)90285-S, 1992.
Song, C., Na, K., and Cocker III, D. R.: Impact of the hydrocarbon to
NOx ratio on secondary organic aerosol formation, Environ. Sci.
Technol., 39, 3143–3149, https://doi.org/10.1021/es0493244, 2005.
Takekawa, H., Minoura, H., and Yamazaki, S.: Temperature dependence of
secondary organic aerosol formation by photo-oxidation of hydrocarbons,
Atmos. Environ., 37, 3413–3424, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1352-2310(03)00359-5, 2003.
Takegawa, N., Miyakawa, T., Kawamura, K., and Kondo, Y.: Contribution of
selected dicarboxylic and ω-oxocarboxylic acids in ambient aerosol
to the m/z 44 signal of an Aerodyne aerosol mass spectrometer, Aerosol Sci.
Tech., 41, 418–437, https://doi.org/10.1080/02786820701203215, 2007.
Tkacik, D. S., Presto, A. A., Donahue, N. M., and Robinson, A. L.: Secondary
organic aerosol formation from intermediate-volatility organic compounds:
cyclic, linear, and branched alkanes, Environ. Sci. Technol., 46, 8773–8781,
https://doi.org/10.1021/es301112c, 2012.
Tritscher, T., Dommen, J., DeCarlo, P. F., Gysel, M., Barmet, P. B.,
Praplan, A. P., Weingartner, E., Prévôt, A. S. H., Riipinen, I.,
Donahue, N. M., and Baltensperger, U.: Volatility and hygroscopicity of aging
secondary organic aerosol in a smog chamber, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 11477–11496,
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-11477-2011, 2011.
Võ, U.-U. T. and Morris, M. P.: Nonvolatile, semivolatile, or volatile:
Redefining volatile for volatile organic compounds, J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc.,
64, 661–669, https://doi.org/10.1080/10962247.2013.873746, 2014.
Wyche, K. P., Monks, P. S., Ellis, A. M., Cordell, R. L., Parker, A. E.,
Whyte, C., Metzger, A., Dommen, J., Duplissy, J., Prevot, A. S. H.,
Baltensperger, U., Rickard, A. R., and Wulfert, F.: Gas phase precursors to
anthropogenic secondary organic aerosol: detailed observations of
1, 3, 5-trimethylbenzene photooxidation, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 635–665,
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-635-2009, 2009.
Xiang, B., Zhu, L., and Tang, Y.: Photolysis of 4-Oxo-2-pentenal in the
190–460 nm Region, J. Phys. Chem. A, 111, 9025–9033, https://doi.org/10.1021/jp0739972, 2007.
Yu, J., Jeffries, H. E., and Sexton, K. G.: Atmospheric photooxidation
of alkylbenzenes – I. Carbonyl product analyses, Atmos. Environ., 31,
2261–2280, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1352-2310(97)00011-3, 1997.
Yu, L., Smith, J., Laskin, A., Anastasio, C., Laskin, J., and Zhang, Q.:
Chemical characterization of SOA formed from aqueous-phase reactions of
phenols with the triplet excited state of carbonyl and hydroxyl radical,
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 13801–13816, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-13801-2014, 2014.
Zhang, Q., Alfarra, M. R., Worsnop, D. R., Allan, J. D., Coe, H.,
Canagaratna, M. R., and Jimenez, J. L.: Deconvolution and quantification of
hydrocarbon-like and oxygenated organic aerosols based on aerosol mass
spectrometry, Environ. Sci. Technol., 39, 4938–4952, https://doi.org/10.1021/es048568l, 2005.
Ziemann, P.: Effects of molecular structure on the chemistry of aerosol
formation from the OH-radical-initiated oxidation of alkanes and alkenes,
Int. Rev. Phys. Chem., 30, 161–195, https://doi.org/10.1080/0144235X.2010.550728, 2011.
Short summary
Substitution of methyl groups onto the aromatic ring determines the SOA formation from the aromatic hydrocarbon precursor. This study links the number of methyl groups on the aromatic ring to SOA formation from aromatic hydrocarbons photooxidation under low-NOx conditions (HC / NO > 10 ppbC : ppb). Aromatics are determined to be less oxidized per mass/carbon as the number of methyl groups on aromatic ring increases based on SOA yield, SOA chemical composition and SOA physical characteristics.
Substitution of methyl groups onto the aromatic ring determines the SOA formation from the...
Altmetrics
Final-revised paper
Preprint