- About
- Editorial board
- Articles
- Special issues
- Highlight articles
- Manuscript tracking
- Subscribe to alerts
- Peer review
- For authors
- For reviewers
- EGU publications
Journal cover
Journal topic
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics
An interactive open-access journal of the European Geosciences Union
Journal topic
- About
- Editorial board
- Articles
- Special issues
- Highlight articles
- Manuscript tracking
- Subscribe to alerts
- Peer review
- For authors
- For reviewers
- EGU publications
Journal metrics
IF5.414
IF 5-year
5.958
5.958
CiteScore
9.7
9.7
SNIP1.517
IPP5.61
SJR2.601
Scimago H
index191
index191
h5-index89
Abstracted/indexed
Abstracted/indexed
Volume 15, issue 7
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 3739–3754, 2015
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-3739-2015
© Author(s) 2015. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-3739-2015
© Author(s) 2015. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 3739–3754, 2015
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-3739-2015
© Author(s) 2015. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-3739-2015
© Author(s) 2015. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
Research article 07 Apr 2015
Research article | 07 Apr 2015
Methane as a diagnostic tracer of changes in the Brewer–Dobson circulation of the stratosphere
E. E. Remsberg
Related authors
Arseniy Karagodin-Doyennel, Eugene Rozanov, Ales Kuchar, William Ball, Pavle Arsenovic, Ellis Remsberg, Patrick Jöckel, Markus Kunze, David A. Plummer, Andrea Stenke, Daniel Marsh, Doug Kinnison, and Thomas Peter
Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2020-793, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2020-793, 2020
Preprint under review for ACP
Short summary
Short summary
1) The solar signal in the mesospheric H2O and CO was extracted from the CCMI-1 model simulations and satellite observations using MLR analysis.
2) MLR analysis shows a pronounced and statistically robust solar signal in both H2O and CO.
3) The model results show a general agreement with observations reproducing a negative/positive solar signal in H2O/CO.
4) The pattern of the solar signal rather varies among the considered models, reflecting some differences in the model set-up.
Ellis Remsberg, V. Lynn Harvey, Arlin Krueger, Larry Gordley, John C. Gille, and James M. Russell III
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 3663–3668, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-3663-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-3663-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
The Nimbus 7 limb infrared monitor of the stratosphere (LIMS) instrument operated from October 25, 1978, through May 28, 1979. This note focuses on the lower stratosphere of the southern hemisphere, subpolar regions in relation to the position of the polar vortex. Both LIMS ozone and nitric acid show reductions within the edge of the polar vortex at 46 hPa near 60° S from late October through mid-November 1978, indicating that there was a chemical loss of Antarctic ozone some weeks earlier.
Stefan Lossow, Farahnaz Khosrawi, Michael Kiefer, Kaley A. Walker, Jean-Loup Bertaux, Laurent Blanot, James M. Russell, Ellis E. Remsberg, John C. Gille, Takafumi Sugita, Christopher E. Sioris, Bianca M. Dinelli, Enzo Papandrea, Piera Raspollini, Maya García-Comas, Gabriele P. Stiller, Thomas von Clarmann, Anu Dudhia, William G. Read, Gerald E. Nedoluha, Robert P. Damadeo, Joseph M. Zawodny, Katja Weigel, Alexei Rozanov, Faiza Azam, Klaus Bramstedt, Stefan Noël, John P. Burrows, Hideo Sagawa, Yasuko Kasai, Joachim Urban, Patrick Eriksson, Donal P. Murtagh, Mark E. Hervig, Charlotta Högberg, Dale F. Hurst, and Karen H. Rosenlof
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 12, 2693–2732, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-12-2693-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-12-2693-2019, 2019
Ellis Remsberg, Murali Natarajan, and V. Lynn Harvey
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 11, 3611–3626, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-11-3611-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-11-3611-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Version 6 of the Nimbus 7 LIMS stratospheric data set contains improved profiles of NO2. The variations of V6 HNO3 and NO2 at 31.6 hPa are reassessed for their consistency in the region of the Aleutian High (AH) from 14 to 28 January 1979. Photochemical model calculations initialized with the V6 data and including effects of heterogeneous reactions mimic the observed decreases of NO2 and increases in HNO3 over a period of 10 days along trajectories terminating in the AH region on 28 January.
Stefan Lossow, Dale F. Hurst, Karen H. Rosenlof, Gabriele P. Stiller, Thomas von Clarmann, Sabine Brinkop, Martin Dameris, Patrick Jöckel, Doug E. Kinnison, Johannes Plieninger, David A. Plummer, Felix Ploeger, William G. Read, Ellis E. Remsberg, James M. Russell, and Mengchu Tao
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 8331–8351, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-8331-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-8331-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Trend estimates of lower stratospheric H2O derived from the FPH observations at Boulder and a merged zonal mean satellite data set clearly differ for the time period from the late 1980s to 2010. We investigate if a sampling bias between Boulder and the zonal mean around the Boulder latitude can explain these trend discrepancies. Typically they are small and not sufficient to explain the trend discrepancies in the observational database.
Robert P. Damadeo, Joseph M. Zawodny, Ellis E. Remsberg, and Kaley A. Walker
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 535–554, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-535-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-535-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
An ozone trend analysis that compensates for sampling biases is applied to sparsely sampled occultation data sets. International assessments have noted deficiencies in past trend analyses and this work addresses those sources of uncertainty. The nonuniform sampling patterns in data sets and drifts between data sets can affect derived recovery trends by up to 2 % decade−1. The limitations inherent to all techniques are also described and a potential path forward towards resolution is presented.
Ellis Remsberg and V. Lynn Harvey
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 9, 2927–2946, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-9-2927-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-9-2927-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Emissions from polar stratospheric cloud (PSC) particles affect the retrieved ozone and water vapor from the Limb Infrared Monitor of the Stratosphere (LIMS) satellite experiment. Threshold criteria are applied to the retrieved ozone for the detection and screening of those effects. The PSC effects correlate very well with regions of coldest temperatures (< 194 K) within the polar vortex. Retrieved nitric acid vapor is affected much less, and there is evidence of its uptake in regions of PSCs.
B. Hassler, I. Petropavlovskikh, J. Staehelin, T. August, P. K. Bhartia, C. Clerbaux, D. Degenstein, M. De Mazière, B. M. Dinelli, A. Dudhia, G. Dufour, S. M. Frith, L. Froidevaux, S. Godin-Beekmann, J. Granville, N. R. P. Harris, K. Hoppel, D. Hubert, Y. Kasai, M. J. Kurylo, E. Kyrölä, J.-C. Lambert, P. F. Levelt, C. T. McElroy, R. D. McPeters, R. Munro, H. Nakajima, A. Parrish, P. Raspollini, E. E. Remsberg, K. H. Rosenlof, A. Rozanov, T. Sano, Y. Sasano, M. Shiotani, H. G. J. Smit, G. Stiller, J. Tamminen, D. W. Tarasick, J. Urban, R. J. van der A, J. P. Veefkind, C. Vigouroux, T. von Clarmann, C. von Savigny, K. A. Walker, M. Weber, J. Wild, and J. M. Zawodny
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 7, 1395–1427, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-7-1395-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-7-1395-2014, 2014
E. E. Remsberg
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 1039–1053, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-1039-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-1039-2014, 2014
Arseniy Karagodin-Doyennel, Eugene Rozanov, Ales Kuchar, William Ball, Pavle Arsenovic, Ellis Remsberg, Patrick Jöckel, Markus Kunze, David A. Plummer, Andrea Stenke, Daniel Marsh, Doug Kinnison, and Thomas Peter
Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2020-793, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2020-793, 2020
Preprint under review for ACP
Short summary
Short summary
1) The solar signal in the mesospheric H2O and CO was extracted from the CCMI-1 model simulations and satellite observations using MLR analysis.
2) MLR analysis shows a pronounced and statistically robust solar signal in both H2O and CO.
3) The model results show a general agreement with observations reproducing a negative/positive solar signal in H2O/CO.
4) The pattern of the solar signal rather varies among the considered models, reflecting some differences in the model set-up.
Ellis Remsberg, V. Lynn Harvey, Arlin Krueger, Larry Gordley, John C. Gille, and James M. Russell III
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 3663–3668, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-3663-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-3663-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
The Nimbus 7 limb infrared monitor of the stratosphere (LIMS) instrument operated from October 25, 1978, through May 28, 1979. This note focuses on the lower stratosphere of the southern hemisphere, subpolar regions in relation to the position of the polar vortex. Both LIMS ozone and nitric acid show reductions within the edge of the polar vortex at 46 hPa near 60° S from late October through mid-November 1978, indicating that there was a chemical loss of Antarctic ozone some weeks earlier.
Stefan Lossow, Farahnaz Khosrawi, Michael Kiefer, Kaley A. Walker, Jean-Loup Bertaux, Laurent Blanot, James M. Russell, Ellis E. Remsberg, John C. Gille, Takafumi Sugita, Christopher E. Sioris, Bianca M. Dinelli, Enzo Papandrea, Piera Raspollini, Maya García-Comas, Gabriele P. Stiller, Thomas von Clarmann, Anu Dudhia, William G. Read, Gerald E. Nedoluha, Robert P. Damadeo, Joseph M. Zawodny, Katja Weigel, Alexei Rozanov, Faiza Azam, Klaus Bramstedt, Stefan Noël, John P. Burrows, Hideo Sagawa, Yasuko Kasai, Joachim Urban, Patrick Eriksson, Donal P. Murtagh, Mark E. Hervig, Charlotta Högberg, Dale F. Hurst, and Karen H. Rosenlof
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 12, 2693–2732, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-12-2693-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-12-2693-2019, 2019
Ellis Remsberg, Murali Natarajan, and V. Lynn Harvey
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 11, 3611–3626, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-11-3611-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-11-3611-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Version 6 of the Nimbus 7 LIMS stratospheric data set contains improved profiles of NO2. The variations of V6 HNO3 and NO2 at 31.6 hPa are reassessed for their consistency in the region of the Aleutian High (AH) from 14 to 28 January 1979. Photochemical model calculations initialized with the V6 data and including effects of heterogeneous reactions mimic the observed decreases of NO2 and increases in HNO3 over a period of 10 days along trajectories terminating in the AH region on 28 January.
Stefan Lossow, Dale F. Hurst, Karen H. Rosenlof, Gabriele P. Stiller, Thomas von Clarmann, Sabine Brinkop, Martin Dameris, Patrick Jöckel, Doug E. Kinnison, Johannes Plieninger, David A. Plummer, Felix Ploeger, William G. Read, Ellis E. Remsberg, James M. Russell, and Mengchu Tao
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 8331–8351, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-8331-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-8331-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Trend estimates of lower stratospheric H2O derived from the FPH observations at Boulder and a merged zonal mean satellite data set clearly differ for the time period from the late 1980s to 2010. We investigate if a sampling bias between Boulder and the zonal mean around the Boulder latitude can explain these trend discrepancies. Typically they are small and not sufficient to explain the trend discrepancies in the observational database.
Robert P. Damadeo, Joseph M. Zawodny, Ellis E. Remsberg, and Kaley A. Walker
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 535–554, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-535-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-535-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
An ozone trend analysis that compensates for sampling biases is applied to sparsely sampled occultation data sets. International assessments have noted deficiencies in past trend analyses and this work addresses those sources of uncertainty. The nonuniform sampling patterns in data sets and drifts between data sets can affect derived recovery trends by up to 2 % decade−1. The limitations inherent to all techniques are also described and a potential path forward towards resolution is presented.
Ellis Remsberg and V. Lynn Harvey
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 9, 2927–2946, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-9-2927-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-9-2927-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Emissions from polar stratospheric cloud (PSC) particles affect the retrieved ozone and water vapor from the Limb Infrared Monitor of the Stratosphere (LIMS) satellite experiment. Threshold criteria are applied to the retrieved ozone for the detection and screening of those effects. The PSC effects correlate very well with regions of coldest temperatures (< 194 K) within the polar vortex. Retrieved nitric acid vapor is affected much less, and there is evidence of its uptake in regions of PSCs.
B. Hassler, I. Petropavlovskikh, J. Staehelin, T. August, P. K. Bhartia, C. Clerbaux, D. Degenstein, M. De Mazière, B. M. Dinelli, A. Dudhia, G. Dufour, S. M. Frith, L. Froidevaux, S. Godin-Beekmann, J. Granville, N. R. P. Harris, K. Hoppel, D. Hubert, Y. Kasai, M. J. Kurylo, E. Kyrölä, J.-C. Lambert, P. F. Levelt, C. T. McElroy, R. D. McPeters, R. Munro, H. Nakajima, A. Parrish, P. Raspollini, E. E. Remsberg, K. H. Rosenlof, A. Rozanov, T. Sano, Y. Sasano, M. Shiotani, H. G. J. Smit, G. Stiller, J. Tamminen, D. W. Tarasick, J. Urban, R. J. van der A, J. P. Veefkind, C. Vigouroux, T. von Clarmann, C. von Savigny, K. A. Walker, M. Weber, J. Wild, and J. M. Zawodny
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 7, 1395–1427, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-7-1395-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-7-1395-2014, 2014
E. E. Remsberg
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 1039–1053, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-1039-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-1039-2014, 2014
Related subject area
Subject: Dynamics | Research Activity: Remote Sensing | Altitude Range: Stratosphere | Science Focus: Physics (physical properties and processes)
Superposition of gravity waves with different propagation characteristics observed by airborne and space-borne infrared sounders
New insights into Rossby wave packet properties in the extratropical UTLS using GNSS radio occultations
First measurements of tides in the stratosphere and lower mesosphere by ground-based Doppler microwave wind radiometry
Gravity waves in the winter stratosphere over the Southern Ocean: high-resolution satellite observations and 3-D spectral analysis
Comparison of equatorial wave activity in the tropical tropopause layer and stratosphere represented in reanalyses
Investigation of Arctic middle-atmospheric dynamics using 3 years of H2O and O3 measurements from microwave radiometers at Ny-Ålesund
Influence of ENSO and MJO on the zonal structure of tropical tropopause inversion layer using high-resolution temperature profiles retrieved from COSMIC GPS Radio Occultation
How well do stratospheric reanalyses reproduce high-resolution satellite temperature measurements?
First tomographic observations of gravity waves by the infrared limb imager GLORIA
Shift of subtropical transport barriers explains observed hemispheric asymmetry of decadal trends of age of air
Exploring gravity wave characteristics in 3-D using a novel S-transform technique: AIRS/Aqua measurements over the Southern Andes and Drake Passage
A decadal satellite record of gravity wave activity in the lower stratosphere to study polar stratospheric cloud formation
Evolution of the eastward shift in the quasi-stationary minimum of the Antarctic total ozone column
Tropical temperature variability and Kelvin-wave activity in the UTLS from GPS RO measurements
The major stratospheric final warming in 2016: dispersal of vortex air and termination of Arctic chemical ozone loss
The tropical tropopause inversion layer: variability and modulation by equatorial waves
Satellite observations of middle atmosphere gravity wave absolute momentum flux and of its vertical gradient during recent stratospheric warmings
Stratospheric gravity waves at Southern Hemisphere orographic hotspots: 2003–2014 AIRS/Aqua observations
Global temperature response to the major volcanic eruptions in multiple reanalysis data sets
Reassessment of MIPAS age of air trends and variability
Enhanced internal gravity wave activity and breaking over the northeastern Pacific–eastern Asian region
Global distributions of overlapping gravity waves in HIRDLS data
The southern stratospheric gravity wave hot spot: individual waves and their momentum fluxes measured by COSMIC GPS-RO
The influence of the North Atlantic Oscillation and El Niño–Southern Oscillation on mean and extreme values of column ozone over the United States
Short vertical-wavelength inertia-gravity waves generated by a jet–front system at Arctic latitudes – VHF radar, radiosondes and numerical modelling
A climatology of the diurnal variations in stratospheric and mesospheric ozone over Bern, Switzerland
Long-term changes in the upper stratospheric ozone at Syowa, Antarctica
Estimates of turbulent diffusivities and energy dissipation rates from satellite measurements of spectra of stratospheric refractivity perturbations
Observations of filamentary structures near the vortex edge in the Arctic winter lower stratosphere
Impact of land convection on temperature diurnal variation in the tropical lower stratosphere inferred from COSMIC GPS radio occultations
Observation of horizontal winds in the middle-atmosphere between 30° S and 55° N during the northern winter 2009–2010
Variability in the speed of the Brewer–Dobson circulation as observed by Aura/MLS
Simultaneous occurrence of polar stratospheric clouds and upper-tropospheric clouds caused by blocking anticyclones in the Southern Hemisphere
Quantification of structural uncertainty in climate data records from GPS radio occultation
Quantifying the deep convective temperature signal within the tropical tropopause layer (TTL)
Variability in upwelling across the tropical tropopause and correlations with tracers in the lower stratosphere
Observations of middle atmospheric H2O and O3 during the 2010 major sudden stratospheric warming by a network of microwave radiometers
Observed temporal evolution of global mean age of stratospheric air for the 2002 to 2010 period
Quasi-stationary planetary waves in late winter Antarctic stratosphere temperature as a possible indicator of spring total ozone
Gravity wave variances and propagation derived from AIRS radiances
Vertical structure of MJO-related subtropical ozone variations from MLS, TES, and SHADOZ data
Observations of in-situ generated gravity waves during a stratospheric temperature enhancement (STE) event
The Arctic vortex in March 2011: a dynamical perspective
Uncertainty of the stratospheric/tropospheric temperature trends in 1979–2008: multiple satellite MSU, radiosonde, and reanalysis datasets
Probability density functions of long-lived tracer observations from satellite in the subtropical barrier region: data intercomparison
Analysis of a rapid increase of stratospheric ozone during late austral summer 2008 over Kerguelen (49.4° S, 70.3° E)
Atmospheric diurnal variations observed with GPS radio occultation soundings
On the seasonal dependence of tropical lower-stratospheric temperature trends
Planetary wave activity in the polar lower stratosphere
Influence of scintillation on quality of ozone monitoring by GOMOS
Isabell Krisch, Manfred Ern, Lars Hoffmann, Peter Preusse, Cornelia Strube, Jörn Ungermann, Wolfgang Woiwode, and Martin Riese
Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2020-327, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2020-327, 2020
Revised manuscript accepted for ACP
Short summary
Short summary
In 2016, a scientific research flight above Scandinavia acquired various atmospheric data (temperature, gas composition, ...). Through advanced 3-D reconstruction methods, a superposition of multiple gravity waves was identified. An in-depth analysis enabled the characterisation of these waves as well as the identification of their sources. This work will enable a better understanding of atmosphere dynamics and could lead to improved climate projections.
Robin Pilch Kedzierski, Katja Matthes, and Karl Bumke
Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2020-124, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2020-124, 2020
Revised manuscript accepted for ACP
Short summary
Short summary
Rossby wave packet (RWP) dynamics are crucial for weather forecasting, climate change projections and stratosphere-troposphere interactions. Our study is a first attempt to describe RWP behavior in the UTLS with global coverage directly from observations, using GNSS-RO data. Our novel results show an interesting relation of RWP vertical propagation with sudden stratospheric warmings, and provide very useful information to improve RWP diagnostics in models and reanalysis.
Jonas Hagen, Klemens Hocke, Gunter Stober, Simon Pfreundschuh, Axel Murk, and Niklaus Kämpfer
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 2367–2386, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-2367-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-2367-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
The middle atmosphere (30 to 70 km altitude) is stratified and, despite very strong horizontal winds, there is less mixing between the horizontal layers. An important driver for the energy exchange between the layers in this regime is atmospheric tides, which are waves that are driven by the diurnal cycle of solar heating. We measure these tides in the wind field for the first time using a ground-based passive instrument. Ultimately, such measurements could be used to improve atmospheric models.
Neil P. Hindley, Corwin J. Wright, Nathan D. Smith, Lars Hoffmann, Laura A. Holt, M. Joan Alexander, Tracy Moffat-Griffin, and Nicholas J. Mitchell
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 15377–15414, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-15377-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-15377-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
In this study, a 3–D Stockwell transform is applied to AIRS–Aqua satellite observations in the first extended 3–D study of stratospheric gravity waves over the Southern Ocean during winter. A dynamic environment is revealed that contains some of the most intense gravity wave sources on Earth. A particularly striking result is a large–scale meridional convergence of gravity wave momentum flux towards latitudes near 60 °S, something which is not normally considered in model parameterisations.
Young-Ha Kim, George N. Kiladis, John R. Albers, Juliana Dias, Masatomo Fujiwara, James A. Anstey, In-Sun Song, Corwin J. Wright, Yoshio Kawatani, François Lott, and Changhyun Yoo
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 10027–10050, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-10027-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-10027-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Reanalyses are widely used products of meteorological variables, generated using observational data and assimilation systems. We compare six modern reanalyses, with focus on their representation of equatorial waves which are important in stratospheric variability and stratosphere–troposphere exchange. Agreement/spreads among the reanalyses in the spectral properties and spatial distributions of the waves are examined, and satellite impacts on the wave representation in reanalyses are discussed.
Franziska Schranz, Brigitte Tschanz, Rolf Rüfenacht, Klemens Hocke, Mathias Palm, and Niklaus Kämpfer
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 9927–9947, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-9927-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-9927-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
The dynamics of the Arctic middle atmosphere above Ny-Ålesund, Svalbard (79° N, 12° E) is investigated using 3 years of H2O and O3 measurements from ground-based microwave radiometers. We found the signals of atmospheric phenomena like sudden stratospheric warmings, polar vortex shifts, effective descent rates of water vapour and periodicities in our data. Additionally, a comprehensive intercomparison is performed with models and measurements from ground-based, in situ and satellite instruments.
Noersomadi, Toshitaka Tsuda, and Masatomo Fujiwara
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 6985–7000, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-6985-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-6985-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Characteristics of static stability (N2) in the tropical tropopause are analyzed using 0.1 km vertical resolution temperature profiles retrieved from COSMIC GNSS-RO. We define the tropopause inversion layer (TIL) by the sharp increase in N2 across the cold point tropopause (CPT) and the thickness of the enhanced peak in N2 just above the CPT. We investigated the TIL at the intraseasonal to interannual timescales above the Maritime Continent and Pacific Ocean with different land–sea distribution.
Corwin J. Wright and Neil P. Hindley
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 13703–13731, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-13703-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-13703-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Reanalyses (RAs) are models which assimilate observations and are widely used as proxies for the true atmospheric state. Here, we resample six leading RAs using the weighting functions of four high-res satellite instruments, allowing a like-for-like comparison. We find that the RAs generally reproduce the satellite data well, except at high altitudes and in the tropics. However, we also find that the RAs more tightly correlate with each other than with observations, even those they assimilate.
Isabell Krisch, Peter Preusse, Jörn Ungermann, Andreas Dörnbrack, Stephen D. Eckermann, Manfred Ern, Felix Friedl-Vallon, Martin Kaufmann, Hermann Oelhaf, Markus Rapp, Cornelia Strube, and Martin Riese
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 14937–14953, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-14937-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-14937-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
Using the infrared limb imager GLORIA, the 3-D structure of mesoscale gravity waves in the lower stratosphere was measured for the first time, allowing for a complete 3-D characterization of the waves. This enables the precise determination of the sources of the waves in the mountain regions of Iceland with backward ray tracing. Forward ray tracing shows oblique propagation, an effect generally neglected in global atmospheric models.
Gabriele P. Stiller, Federico Fierli, Felix Ploeger, Chiara Cagnazzo, Bernd Funke, Florian J. Haenel, Thomas Reddmann, Martin Riese, and Thomas von Clarmann
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 11177–11192, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-11177-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-11177-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
The discrepancy between modelled and observed 25-year trends of the strength of the stratospheric Brewer–Dobson circulation (BDC) is still not resolved. With our paper we trace the observed hemispheric dipole structure of age of air trends back to natural variability in shorter-term (decadal) time frames. Beyond this we demonstrate that after correction for the decadal natural variability the remaining trend for the first decade of the 21st century is consistent with model simulations.
Corwin J. Wright, Neil P. Hindley, Lars Hoffmann, M. Joan Alexander, and Nicholas J. Mitchell
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 8553–8575, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-8553-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-8553-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
We introduce a novel 3-D method of measuring atmospheric gravity waves, based around a 3-D Stockwell transform. Our method lets us measure new properties, including wave intrinsic frequencies and phase and group velocities. We apply it to data from the AIRS satellite instrument over the Southern Andes for two consecutive winters. Our results show clear evidence that the waves measured are primarily orographic in origin, and that their group velocity vectors are focused into the polar night jet.
Lars Hoffmann, Reinhold Spang, Andrew Orr, M. Joan Alexander, Laura A. Holt, and Olaf Stein
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 2901–2920, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-2901-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-2901-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
We introduce a 10-year record (2003–2012) of AIRS/Aqua observations of gravity waves in the polar lower stratosphere. The data set was optimized to study the impact of gravity waves on the formation of polar stratospheric clouds (PSCs). We discuss the temporal and spatial patterns of gravity wave activity, validate explicitly resolved small-scale temperature fluctuations in the ECMWF data, and present a survey of gravity-wave-induced PSC formation events using joint AIRS and MIPAS observations.
Asen Grytsai, Andrew Klekociuk, Gennadi Milinevsky, Oleksandr Evtushevsky, and Kane Stone
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 1741–1758, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-1741-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-1741-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
Twenty years ago we discovered that the ozone hole shape is asymmetric. This asymmetry is minimum over the Weddell Sea region and maximum over the Ross Sea area. Later we detected that the position of the ozone minimum is shifting east. We have continued to follow this event, and a couple years ago we revealed that the shift is slowing down and starting to move back. We connect all this movement with ozone hole increase; since 2000 the ozone layer has been stabilizing and recently recovering.
Barbara Scherllin-Pirscher, William J. Randel, and Joowan Kim
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 793–806, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-793-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-793-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
Tropical temperature variability and associated Kelvin-wave activity are investigated from 10 km to 30 km using 13 years of high-resolution observational data. Strongest temperature variability is found in the tropical tropopause region between about 16 km and 20 km, where peaks of Kelvin-wave activity are irregularly distributed in time. Detailed knowledge of dynamical processes in the tropical tropopause region is an essential part of better understanding climate variability and change.
Gloria L. Manney and Zachary D. Lawrence
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 15371–15396, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-15371-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-15371-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
The 2015/16 Arctic winter stratosphere was the coldest on record through late February, raising the possibility of extensive chemical ozone loss. However, a major final sudden stratospheric warming in early March curtailed ozone destruction. We used Aura MLS satellite trace gas data and MERRA-2 meteorological data to show the details of transport, mixing, and dispersal of chemically processed air during the major final warming, and how these processes limited Arctic chemical ozone loss.
Robin Pilch Kedzierski, Katja Matthes, and Karl Bumke
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 11617–11633, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-11617-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-11617-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
This study provides a detailed overview of the daily variability of the tropopause inversion layer (TIL) in the tropics, where TIL research had focused little. The vertical and horizontal structures of this atmospheric layer are described and linked to near-tropopause horizontal wind divergence, the QBO and especially to equatorial waves. Our results increase the knowledge about the observed properties of the tropical TIL, mainly using satellite GPS radio-occultation measurements.
Manfred Ern, Quang Thai Trinh, Martin Kaufmann, Isabell Krisch, Peter Preusse, Jörn Ungermann, Yajun Zhu, John C. Gille, Martin G. Mlynczak, James M. Russell III, Michael J. Schwartz, and Martin Riese
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 9983–10019, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-9983-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-9983-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Sudden stratospheric warmings (SSWs) influence the atmospheric circulation over a large range of altitudes and latitudes. We investigate the global distribution of small-scale gravity waves (GWs) during SSWs as derived from 13 years of satellite observations.
We find that GWs may play an important role for triggering SSWs by preconditioning the polar vortex, as well as during long-lasting vortex recovery phases after SSWs. The GW distribution during SSWs displays strong day-to-day variability.
Lars Hoffmann, Alison W. Grimsdell, and M. Joan Alexander
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 9381–9397, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-9381-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-9381-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
We present a 12-year record (2003-2014) of stratospheric gravity wave activity at Southern Hemisphere orographic hotspots as observed by the AIRS/Aqua satellite instrument. We introduce a method to discriminate between gravity waves from orographic or other sources and propose a simple model to predict the occurrence of mountain waves using zonal wind thresholds. The prediction model can help to disentangle upper level wind effects from low level source and other influences.
M. Fujiwara, T. Hibino, S. K. Mehta, L. Gray, D. Mitchell, and J. Anstey
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 13507–13518, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-13507-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-13507-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
This paper evaluates the temperature response in the troposphere and the stratosphere to the three major volcanic eruptions between the 1960s and the 1990s by comparing nine reanalysis data sets. It was found that the volcanic temperature response patterns differ among the major eruptions and that in general, more recent reanalysis data sets show a more consistent response pattern.
F. J. Haenel, G. P. Stiller, T. von Clarmann, B. Funke, E. Eckert, N. Glatthor, U. Grabowski, S. Kellmann, M. Kiefer, A. Linden, and T. Reddmann
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 13161–13176, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-13161-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-13161-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
Stratospheric circulation is thought to change as a consequence of climate change. Empirical evidence, however, is sparse. In this paper we present latitude- and altitude-resolved trends of the mean age of stratospheric air as derived from SF6 measurements performed by the MIPAS satellite instrument. The mean of the age of stratospheric air is a measure of the intensity of the Brewer-Dobson circulation. In this paper we discuss differences with respect to a preceding analysis by Stiller et al.
P. Šácha, A. Kuchař, C. Jacobi, and P. Pišoft
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 13097–13112, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-13097-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-13097-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
In this study, we present a discovery of an internal gravity wave activity and breaking hotspot collocated with an area of anomalously low annual cycle amplitude and specific dynamics in the stratosphere over the Northeastern Pacific/Eastern Asia coastal region. The reasons why this particular IGW activity hotspot was not discovered before nor the specific dynamics of this region pointed out are discussed together with possible consequences on the middle atmospheric dynamics and transport.
C. J. Wright, S. M. Osprey, and J. C. Gille
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 8459–8477, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-8459-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-8459-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
Data from the HIRDLS instrument are used to study the numerical variability of gravity waves. Observed distributions are dominated by long-vertical-short-horizontal-wavelength waves, with a similar spectral form at all locations. We further divide our data into subspecies by wavelength, and investigate variation in these subspecies in time and space. We show that the variations associated with particular phenomena arise due to changes in specific parts of the spectrum.
N. P. Hindley, C. J. Wright, N. D. Smith, and N. J. Mitchell
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 7797–7818, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-7797-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-7797-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
In nearly all GCMs, unresolved gravity wave (GW) drag may cause the southern stratospheric winter polar vortex to break down too late. Here, we characterise GWs in this region of the atmosphere using GPS radio occultation. We find GWs may propagate into the region from other latitudes. We develop a new quantitative wave identification method to learn about regional wave populations. We also find intense GW momentum fluxes over the southern Andes and Antarctic Peninsula GW hot spot.
I. Petropavlovskikh, R. Evans, G. McConville, G. L. Manney, and H. E. Rieder
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 1585–1598, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-1585-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-1585-2015, 2015
A. Réchou, S. Kirkwood, J. Arnault, and P. Dalin
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 6785–6799, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-6785-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-6785-2014, 2014
S. Studer, K. Hocke, A. Schanz, H. Schmidt, and N. Kämpfer
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 5905–5919, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-5905-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-5905-2014, 2014
K. Miyagawa, I. Petropavlovskikh, R. D. Evans, C. Long, J. Wild, G. L. Manney, and W. H. Daffer
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 3945–3968, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-3945-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-3945-2014, 2014
N. M. Gavrilov
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 12107–12116, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-12107-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-12107-2013, 2013
C. Kalicinsky, J.-U. Grooß, G. Günther, J. Ungermann, J. Blank, S. Höfer, L. Hoffmann, P. Knieling, F. Olschewski, R. Spang, F. Stroh, and M. Riese
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 10859–10871, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-10859-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-10859-2013, 2013
S. M. Khaykin, J.-P. Pommereau, and A. Hauchecorne
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 6391–6402, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-6391-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-6391-2013, 2013
P. Baron, D. P. Murtagh, J. Urban, H. Sagawa, S. Ochiai, Y. Kasai, K. Kikuchi, F. Khosrawi, H. Körnich, S. Mizobuchi, K. Sagi, and M. Yasui
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 6049–6064, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-6049-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-6049-2013, 2013
T. Flury, D. L. Wu, and W. G. Read
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 4563–4575, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-4563-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-4563-2013, 2013
M. Kohma and K. Sato
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 3849–3864, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-3849-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-3849-2013, 2013
A. K. Steiner, D. Hunt, S.-P. Ho, G. Kirchengast, A. J. Mannucci, B. Scherllin-Pirscher, H. Gleisner, A. von Engeln, T. Schmidt, C. Ao, S. S. Leroy, E. R. Kursinski, U. Foelsche, M. Gorbunov, S. Heise, Y.-H. Kuo, K. B. Lauritsen, C. Marquardt, C. Rocken, W. Schreiner, S. Sokolovskiy, S. Syndergaard, and J. Wickert
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 1469–1484, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-1469-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-1469-2013, 2013
L. C. Paulik and T. Birner
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 12183–12195, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-12183-2012, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-12183-2012, 2012
M. Abalos, W. J. Randel, and E. Serrano
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 11505–11517, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-11505-2012, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-11505-2012, 2012
D. Scheiben, C. Straub, K. Hocke, P. Forkman, and N. Kämpfer
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 7753–7765, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-7753-2012, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-7753-2012, 2012
G. P. Stiller, T. von Clarmann, F. Haenel, B. Funke, N. Glatthor, U. Grabowski, S. Kellmann, M. Kiefer, A. Linden, S. Lossow, and M. López-Puertas
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 3311–3331, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-3311-2012, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-3311-2012, 2012
V. O. Kravchenko, O. M. Evtushevsky, A. V. Grytsai, A. R. Klekociuk, G. P. Milinevsky, and Z. I. Grytsai
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 2865–2879, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-2865-2012, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-2865-2012, 2012
J. Gong, D. L. Wu, and S. D. Eckermann
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 1701–1720, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-1701-2012, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-1701-2012, 2012
K.-F. Li, B. Tian, D. E. Waliser, M. J. Schwartz, J. L. Neu, J. R. Worden, and Y. L. Yung
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 425–436, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-425-2012, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-425-2012, 2012
A. J. Gerrard, Y. Bhattacharya, and J. P. Thayer
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 11913–11917, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-11913-2011, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-11913-2011, 2011
M. M. Hurwitz, P. A. Newman, and C. I. Garfinkel
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 11447–11453, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-11447-2011, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-11447-2011, 2011
J. Xu and A. M. Powell Jr.
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 10727–10732, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-10727-2011, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-10727-2011, 2011
E. Palazzi, F. Fierli, G. P. Stiller, and J. Urban
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 10579–10598, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-10579-2011, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-10579-2011, 2011
H. Bencherif, L. El Amraoui, G. Kirgis, J. Leclair De Bellevue, A. Hauchecorne, N. Mzé, T. Portafaix, A. Pazmino, and F. Goutail
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 363–373, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-363-2011, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-363-2011, 2011
F. Xie, D. L. Wu, C. O. Ao, and A. J. Mannucci
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 6889–6899, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-6889-2010, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-6889-2010, 2010
Q. Fu, S. Solomon, and P. Lin
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 2643–2653, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-2643-2010, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-2643-2010, 2010
S. P. Alexander and M. G. Shepherd
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 707–718, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-707-2010, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-707-2010, 2010
V. F. Sofieva, V. Kan, F. Dalaudier, E. Kyrölä, J. Tamminen, J.-L. Bertaux, A. Hauchecorne, D. Fussen, and F. Vanhellemont
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 9197–9207, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-9197-2009, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-9197-2009, 2009
Cited articles
Al-Saadi, J. A., Pierce, R. B., Fairlie, T. D., Kleb, M. M., Eckman, R. S., Grose, W. L., Natarajan, M., and Olsen, J. R.: Response of middle atmosphere chemistry and dynamics to volcanically elevated sulfate aerosol: three-dimensional coupled model simulations, J. Geophys. Res., 106, 27255–27275, 2001.
Andrews, D. G., Holton, J. R., and Leovy, C. B.: Middle atmosphere dynamics, Academic Press, Inc., Orlando, Florida, 489 pp., 1987.
Baldwin, M. P. and Dunkerton, T. J.: Biennial, quasi-biennial, and decadal oscillations of potential vorticity in the northern stratosphere, J. Geophys. Res., 103, 3919–3928, 1998.
Birner, T. and Bönisch, H.: Residual circulation trajectories and transit times into the extratropical lowermost stratosphere, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 817–827, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-817-2011, 2011.
Bönisch, H., Engel, A., Birner, Th., Hoor, P., Tarasick, D. W., and Ray, E. A.: On the structural changes in the Brewer–Dobson circulation after 2000, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 3937–3948, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-3937-2011, 2011.
Brasseur, G. and Solomon, S.: Aeronomy of the middle atmosphere, 3rd Edition, in Atmospheric and Oceanographic Sciences Library, Vol. 32, Springer, the Netherlands, 644 pp., 2005.
Butchart, N.: The Brewer–Dobson circulation, Rev. Geophys., 52, 157–184, 2014.
Considine, D. B., Rosenfield, J. E., and Fleming, E. L.: An interactive model study of the influence of the Mount Pinatubo aerosol on stratospheric methane and water trends, J. Geophys. Res., 106, 27711–27727, 2001.
Damiani, A., Funke, B., Lopez-Puertas, M., Gardini, A., von Clarmann, T., Santee, M. L., Froidevaux, L., and Cordero, R. R.: Changes in the composition of the northern polar upper stratosphere in February 2009 after a sudden stratospheric warming, J. Geophys. Res., 119, 11429–11444, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014JD021698, 2014.
Diallo, M., Legras, B., and Chédin, A.: Age of stratospheric air in the ERA-Interim, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 12133-12154, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-12133-2012, 2012.
Dlugokencky, E. J., Walter, B. P., Masarie, K. A., Lang, P. M., and Kasischke, E. S.: Measurements of an anomalous global methane increase during 1998, Geophys. Res. Lett., 28, 499–502, 2001.
Dlugokencky, E. J., Bruhwiler, L., White, J. W. C., Emmons, L. K., Novelli, P. C., Montzka, S. A., Masarie, K. A., Lang, P. M., Crotwell, A. M., Miller, J. B., and Gatti, L. V.: Observational constraints on recent increases in the atmospheric CH4 burden, Geophys. Res. Lett., 36, L18803, https://doi.org/10.1029/2009GL039780, 2009.
Dunkerton, T. J.: On the mean meridional mass motions of the stratosphere and mesosphere, J. Atmos. Sci., 35, 2325–2333, 1978.
Dunkerton, T. J.: Quasi-biennial and subbiennial variations of stratospheric trace constituents derived from HALOE observations, J. Atmos. Sci., 58, 7–25, 2001.
Fleming, E. L., Jackman, C. H., Stolarski, R. S., and Considine, D. B.: Simulation of stratospheric tracers using an improved empirically based two-dimensional model transport formulation, J. Geophys. Res., 104, 23911–23934, 1999.
Froidevaux, L., Livesey, N. J., Read, W. G., Salawitch, R. J., Waters, J. W., Brouin, B., MacKenzie, I. A., Pumphrey, H. C., Bernath, P., Boone, C., Nassar, R., Montzka, S., Elkins, J., Cunnold, D., and Waugh, D.: Temporal decrease in upper atmospheric chlorine, Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, L23812, https://doi.org/10.1029/2006GL027600, 2006.
Fueglistaler, S.: Stepwise changes in stratospheric water vapor?, J. Geophys. Res., 117, D13302, https://doi.org/10.1029/2012JD017582, 2012.
Garcia, R. R., Randel, W. J., and Kinnison, D. E.: On the determination of age of air trends from atmospheric trace species, J. Atmos. Sci., 68, 139–154, https://doi.org/10.1175/2010JAS3527.1, 2011.
Garny, H., Birner, T., Boenisch, H., and Bunzel, F.: The effects of mixing on age of air, J. Geophys. Res., 119, 7015–7034, https://doi.org/10.1002/2013JD021417, 2014.
Gordley, L. L., Thompson, E., McHugh, M., Remsberg, E., Russell III, J., and Magill, B.: Accuracy of atmospheric trends inferred from the halogen occultation experiment, J. Appl. Remote Sens., 3, 033526, https://doi.org/10.1117/1.3131722, 2009.
Gray, L. J. and Russell III, J. M.: Interannual variability of trace gases in the subtropical winter stratosphere, J. Atmos. Sci., 56, 977–993, 1999.
Hall, T. M. and Plumb, R. A.: Age as a diagnostic of stratospheric transport, J. Geophys. Res., 99, 1059–1070, 1994.
Haynes, P. H., Marks, C. J., McIntyre, M. E., Shepherd, T. G., and Shine, K. P.: On the "downward control" of extratropical diabatic circulations by eddy-induced mean zonal forces, J. Atmos. Sci., 48, 651–678, 1991.
Hegglin, M. I., Plummer, D. A., Shepherd, T. G., Scinocca, J. F., Anderson, J., Froidevaux, L., Funke, B., Hurst, D., Rozanov, A., Urban, J., von Clarmann, T., Walker, K. A., Wang, H. J., Tegtmeier, S., and Weigel, K.: Vertical structure of stratospheric water vapour trends derived from merged satellite data, Nat. Geosci., 7, 768–776, https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo2236, 2014.
Hitchman, M. H. and Leovy, C. B.: Evolution of the zonal mean state in the equatorial middle atmosphere during October 1978–May 1979, J. Atmos. Sci., 43, 3159–3176, 1986.
Holton, J. R.: Meridional distribution of stratospheric trace constituents, J. Atmos. Sci., 43, 1238–1242, 1986.
Holton, J. R. and Choi, W.-K.: Transport circulation deduced from SAMS trace species data, J. Atmos. Sci., 45, 1929–1939, 1988.
Lin, P. and Fu, Q.: Changes in various branches of the Brewer–Dobson circulation from an ensemble of chemistry climate models, J. Geophys. Res., 118, 73–84, https://doi.org/10.1029/2012JD018813, 2013.
Manney, G. L., Zurek, R. W., O'Neill, A., and Swinbank, R.: On the motion of air through the stratospheric polar vortex, J. Atmos. Sci., 51, 2973–2994, 1994.
Manney, G. L., Krüger, K., Sabutis, J. L., Sena, S. A., and Pawson, S.: The remarkable 2003–2004 winter and other recent warm winters in the Arctic stratosphere since the late 1990s, J. Geophys. Res., 110, D04107, https://doi.org/10.1029/2004JD005367, 2005.
Monge-Sanz, B. M., Chipperfield, M. P., Dee, D. P., Simmons, A. J., and Uppala, S. M.: Improvements in the stratospheric transport achieved by a chemistry transport model with ECMWF (re)analyses: identifying effects and remaining challenges, Q. J. Roy. Meteorol. Soc., 139, 654–673, 2013.
Nedoluha, G. E., Siskind, D. E., Bacmeister, J. T., Bevilacqua, R. M., and Russell III, J. M.: Changes in upper stratospheric CH4 and NO2 as measured by HALOE and implications for changes in transport, Geophys. Res. Lett., 35, 987–990, 1998.
Neu, J. L., Sparling, L. C., and Plumb, R. A.: Variability of the subtropical "edges" in the stratosphere, J. Geophys. Res., 108, 4482, https://doi.org/10.1029/2002JD002706, 2003.
Okamoto, K., Sato, K., and Akiyoshi, H.: A study on the formation and trend of the Brewer–Dobson circulation, J. Geophys. Res., 116, D10117, https://doi.org/10.1029/2010JD014953, 2011.
Palazzi, E., Fierli, F., Stiller, G. P., and Urban, J.: Probability density functions of long-lived tracer observations from satellite in the subtropical barrier region: data intercomparison, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 10579–10598, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-10579-2011, 2011.
Park, J. H., Russell III, J. M., Gordley, L. L., Drayson, S. R., Benner, D. C., McInerney, J. M., Gunson, M. R., Toon, G. C., Sen, B., Blavier, J.-F., Webster, C. R., Zipf, E. C., Erdman, P., Schmidt, U., and Schiller, C.: Validation of halogen occultation experiment CH4 measurements from the UARS, J. Geophys., Res., 101, 10183–10203, 1996.
Pawson, S. and Naujokat, B.: The cold winters of the middle 1990s in the northern lower stratosphere, J. Geophys. Res., 104, 14209–14222, 1999.
Ploeger, F., Riese, M., Haenel, F., Konopka, P., Müller, R., and Stiller, G.: Variability of stratospheric mean age of air and of the local effects of residual circulation and eddy mixing, J. Geophys. Res., 120, 716–733, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014JD022468, 2015a.
Ploeger, F., Abalos, M., Birner, T., Konopka, P., Legras, B., Müller, R., and Riese, M.: Quantifying the effects of mixing and residual circulation on trends of stratospheric mean age of air, Geophys. Res. Lett., https://doi.org/10.1002/2014GL062927, 2015b.
Plumb, R. A.: Tracer interrelationships in the stratosphere, Rev. Geophys., 45, RG4005, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005RG000179, 2007.
Plumb, R. A. and Ko, M. K. W.: Interrelationships between mixing ratios of long-lived stratospheric constituents, J. Geophys. Res., 97, 10145–10156, 1992.
Randel, W. J., Wu, F., Russell III, J. M., Roche, A., and Waters, J. W.: Seasonal cycles and QBO variations in stratospheric CH4 and H2O observed in UARS HALOE data, J. Atmos. Sci., 55, 163–185, 1998.
Randel, W. J., Wu, F., Russell III, J. M., and Waters, J.: Space-time patterns of trends in stratospheric constituents derived from UARS measurements, J. Geophys. Res., 104, 3711–3727, 1999.
Randel, W. J., Wu, F., Russell III, J. M., Zawodny, J. M., and Nash, J.: Interannual changes in stratospheric constituents and global circulation derived from satellite data, in: Atmospheric Science Across the Stratopause, edited by: Siskind, D. E., Eckermann, S. D., and Summers, M. E., American Geophysical Union, Washington, D.C., 271–285, https://doi.org/10.1029/GM123p0271, 2000.
Randel, W. J., Wu, F., Voemel, H., Nedoluha, G. E., and Forster, P.: Decreases in stratospheric water vapor after 2001: links to changes in the tropical tropopause and the Brewer–Dobson circulation, J. Geophys. Res., 111, D12312, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005JD006744, 2006.
Ray, E. A., Moore, F. L, Rosenlof, K. H., Davis, S. M., Sweeney, C., Tans, P., Wang, T., Elkins, J. W., Bönisch, H., Engel, A., Sugawara, S., Nakazawa, T., and Aoki, S.: Improving stratospheric transport trend analysis based on SF6 and CO2 measurements, J. Geophys. Res., 119, 14110–14128, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014JD021802, 2014.
Remsberg, E. E.: On the response of Halogen Occultation Experiment (HALOE) stratospheric ozone and temperature to the 11-yr solar cycle forcing, J. Geophys. Res., 113, D22304, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008JD010189, 2008.
Remsberg, E. E.: Trends and solar cycle effects in temperature versus altitude from the halogen occultation experiment for the mesosphere and upper stratosphere, J. Geophys. Res., 114, D12303, https://doi.org/10.1029/2009JD011897, 2009.
Remsberg, E.: Observed seasonal to decadal scale responses in mesospheric water vapor, J. Geophys. Res., 115, D06306, https://doi.org/10.1029/2009JD012904, 2010.
Remsberg, E. E. and Deaver, L. E.: Interannual, solar cycle, and trend terms in middle atmospheric temperature time series from HALOE, J. Geophys. Res., 110, D06106, https://doi.org/10.1029/2004JD004905, 2005.
Rind, D., Suozzo, R., Balachandran, N. K., and Prather, M. J.: Climate changes and the middle atmosphere. Part I: the doubled CO2 climate, J. Atmos. Sci., 47, 475–494, 1990.
Rosenlof, K. H.: Transport changes inferred from HALOE water and methane measurements, J. Meteorol. Soc. Jpn., 80, 4B, 831–848, 2002.
Ruth, S., Kennaugh, R., Gray, L. J., and Russell III, J. M.: Seasonal, semiannual, and interannual variability seen in measurements of methane made by the UARS Halogen Occultation Experiment, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 16189–16199, 1997.
Scherer, M., Vömel, H., Fueglistaler, S., Oltmans, S. J., and Staehelin, J.: Trends and variability of midlatitude stratospheric water vapour deduced from the re-evaluated Boulder balloon series and HALOE, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 8, 1391–1402, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-8-1391-2008, 2008.
Schoeberl, M. R., Sparling, L. C., Jackman, C. H., and Fleming, E. L.: A Lagrangian view of stratospheric trace gas distributions, J. Geophys. Res., 105, 1537–1552, 2000.
Shaw, T. A. and Shepherd, T. G.: Raising the roof, Nat. Geosci., 1, 12–13, 2008.
Shepherd, T. G.: Transport in the middle atmosphere, J. Meteorol. Soc. Jpn., 85B, 165–191, 2007.
Shu, J., Tian, W., Hu, D., Zhang, J., Shang, L., Tian, H., and Xie, F.: Effects of the quasi-biennial oscillation and stratospheric semiannual oscillation on tracer transport in the upper stratosphere, J. Atmos. Sci., 70, 1370–1389, https://doi.org/10.1175/JAS-D-12-053.1, 2013.
Solomon, S., Kiehl, J. T., Garcia, R. R., and Grose, W.: Tracer transport by the diabatic circulation deduced from satellite observations, J. Atmos. Sci., 43, 1603–1617, 1986.
Stanford, J. L. and Ziemke, J. R.: CH4 and N2O photochemical lifetimes in the upper stratosphere: in situ estimates using SAMS data, Geophys. Res. Lett., 18, 677–680, 1991.
Stanford, J. L., Ziemke, J. R., and Gao, S. Y.: Stratospheric circulation features deduced from SAMS constituent data, J. Atmos. Sci., 50, 226–246, 1993.
Stiller, G. P., von Clarmann, T., Haenel, F., Funke, B., Glatthor, N., Grabowski, U., Kellmann, S., Kiefer, M., Linden, A., Lossow, S., and López-Puertas, M.: Observed temporal evolution of global mean age of stratospheric air for the 2002 to 2010 period, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 3311–3331, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-3311-2012, 2012.
Thomason, L. W.: Toward a combined SAGE II-HALOE aerosol climatology: an evaluation of HALOE version 19 stratospheric aerosol extinction coefficient observations, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 8177–8188, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-8177-2012, 2012.
Thompson, R. E. and Gordley, L. L.: Retrieval algorithms for the halogen occultation experiment, NASA/CR-2009-215761, available at: http://www.sti.nasa.gov (last access: 31 March 2015), 2009.
Tiao, G. C., Reinsel, G. C., Xu, D., Pedrick, J. H., Zhu, X., Miller, A. J., DeLuisi, J. J., Mateer, C. L., and Wuebbles, D. J.: Effects of autocorrelation and temporal sampling schemes on estimates of trend and spatial correlation, J. Geophys. Res., 95, 20507–20517, https://doi.org/10.1029/JD095iD12p20507, 1990.
Volk, C. M., Elkins, J. W., Fahey, D. W., Dutton, G. S., Gilligan, J. M., Loewenstein, M., Podolske, J. R., Chan, K. R., and Gunson, M. R.: Evaluation of source gas lifetimes from stratospheric observations, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 25543–25564, 1997.
Waugh, D. W., Considine, D. B., and Fleming, E. L.: Is upper stratospheric chlorine decreasing as expected?, Geophys. Res. Lett., 28, 1187–1190, 2001.
WMO (World Meteorological Organization): Scientific assessment of ozone depletion: 2006, Global Ozone Research and Monitoring Project, Report No. 50, Geneva, Switzerland, 2007.
Youn, D., Choi, W., Lee, H., and Wuebbles, D. J.: Interhemispheric differences in changes of long-lived tracers in the middle stratosphere over the last decade, Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, L03807, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005GL024274, 2006.
Search articles
Download
Short summary
Time series of the satellite-observed stratospheric tracer, CH4, are analyzed to see whether they indicate a significant trend for the hemispheric Brewer--Dobson circulation (BDC) for 1992-2005. Trends in CH4 for the lower stratosphere are generally positive and equivalent to those of the troposphere. However, the Northern Hemisphere BDC is clearly accelerated in the mid-stratosphere (20 to 7hPa). Corresponding trends for the Southern Hemisphere are smaller and less significant.
Time series of the satellite-observed stratospheric tracer, CH4, are analyzed to see whether...
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics
An interactive open-access journal of the European Geosciences Union
All site content, except where otherwise noted, is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.