Articles | Volume 25, issue 2
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-959-2025
© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-959-2025
© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
27 Jan 2025
Research article |
| 27 Jan 2025
| 27 Jan 2025
Seasonal investigation of ultrafine-particle organic composition in an eastern Amazonian rainforest
Adam E. Thomas
Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
Hayley S. Glicker
Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
Alex B. Guenther
Department of Earth System Science, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
Roger Seco
Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
Oscar Vega Bustillos
Chemistry and Environment Center, Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, Brazil
Julio Tota
Institute of Engineering and Geoscience, Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará, Santarém, Brazil
Rodrigo A. F. Souza
Escola Superior de Tecnologia, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil
Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
Related authors
No articles found.
Débora Pinheiro-Oliveira, Hella van Asperen, Murielli Garcia Caetano, Michelle Robin, Achim Edtbauer, Nora Zannoni, Joseph Byron, Jonathan Williams, Layon Oreste Demarchi, Maria Teresa Fernandez Piedade, Jochen Schöngart, Florian Wittmann, Sergio Duvoisin-Junior, Carla Batista, Rodrigo Augusto Ferreira de Souza, and Eliane Gomes Alves
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-2895, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-2895, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Forests release trace gases that influence air and climate. While plants are the main source, soil and leaf litter can also release significant amounts, especially in tropical forests like the Amazon. We measured these fluxes in different forest types and found soil and litter to be active sources and sinks. This can improves climate models by including realistic forest processes, vital for understanding and protecting the Amazon.
Erin F. Katz, Caleb M. Arata, Eva Y. Pfannerstill, Robert J. Weber, Darian Ng, Michael J. Milazzo, Haley Byrne, Hui Wang, Alex B. Guenther, Camilo Rey-Sanchez, Joshua Apte, Dennis D. Baldocchi, and Allen H. Goldstein
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-2682, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-2682, 2025
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (ACP).
Short summary
Short summary
Terpenoids are organic gases that can originate from natural and human-caused sources, and their fast reactions in the atmosphere can cause air pollution. Emissions of organic gases in an urban environment were measured. For some terpenoids, human-caused sources were responsible for about a quarter of the emissions, while others were likely to be entirely from vegetation. The terpenoids contributed substantially to the potential to form secondary pollutants.
Beata Opacka, Trissevgeni Stavrakou, Jean-François Müller, Isabelle De Smedt, Jos van Geffen, Eloise A. Marais, Rebekah P. Horner, Dylan B. Millet, Kelly C. Wells, and Alex B. Guenther
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 2863–2894, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-2863-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-2863-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Vegetation releases biogenic volatile organic compounds, while soils and lightning contribute to the natural emissions of nitrogen oxides into the atmosphere. These gases interact in complex ways. Using satellite data and models, we developed a new method to simultaneously optimize these natural emissions over Africa in 2019. Our approach resulted in an increase in natural emissions, supported by independent data indicating that current estimates are underestimated.
Min Huang, Gregory R. Carmichael, Kevin W. Bowman, Isabelle De Smedt, Andreas Colliander, Michael H. Cosh, Sujay V. Kumar, Alex B. Guenther, Scott J. Janz, Ryan M. Stauffer, Anne M. Thompson, Niko M. Fedkin, Robert J. Swap, John D. Bolten, and Alicia T. Joseph
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 1449–1476, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-1449-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-1449-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
We use model simulations along with multiplatform, multidisciplinary observations and a range of analysis methods to estimate and understand the distributions, temporal changes, and impacts of reactive nitrogen and ozone over the most populous US region that has undergone significant environmental changes. Deposition, biogenic emissions, and extra-regional sources have been playing increasingly important roles in controlling pollutant budgets in this area as local anthropogenic emissions drop.
Xiansheng Liu, Xun Zhang, Marvin Dufresne, Tao Wang, Lijie Wu, Rosa Lara, Roger Seco, Marta Monge, Ana Maria Yáñez-Serrano, Marie Gohy, Paul Petit, Audrey Chevalier, Marie-Pierre Vagnot, Yann Fortier, Alexia Baudic, Véronique Ghersi, Grégory Gille, Ludovic Lanzi, Valérie Gros, Leïla Simon, Heidi Héllen, Stefan Reimann, Zoé Le Bras, Michelle Jessy Müller, David Beddows, Siqi Hou, Zongbo Shi, Roy M. Harrison, William Bloss, James Dernie, Stéphane Sauvage, Philip K. Hopke, Xiaoli Duan, Taicheng An, Alastair C. Lewis, James R. Hopkins, Eleni Liakakou, Nikolaos Mihalopoulos, Xiaohu Zhang, Andrés Alastuey, Xavier Querol, and Thérèse Salameh
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 625–638, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-625-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-625-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
This study examines BTEX (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylenes) pollution in urban areas across seven European countries. Analyzing data from 22 monitoring sites, we found traffic and industrial activities significantly impact BTEX levels, with peaks during rush hours. The risk from BTEX exposure remains moderate, especially in high-traffic and industrial zones, highlighting the need for targeted air quality management to protect public health and improve urban air quality.
Qian Li, Maor Gabay, Chen Dayan, Pawel Misztal, Alex Guenther, Erick Fredj, and Eran Tas
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-717, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-717, 2024
Preprint archived
Short summary
Short summary
Biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) affect the climate and air quality, while their emission from terrestrial vegetation is affected by drought in a way that is not well characterized. Our study reveals that the instantaneous intraday changes in meteorological conditions serve as a better proxy for drought-related variations in BVOCs emission rate than the absolute values of the meteorological parameters, advancing our understanding of BVOCs emission effects under climate change.
Yang Liu, Raluca Ciuraru, Letizia Abis, Crist Amelynck, Pauline Buysse, Alex Guenther, Bernard Heinesch, Florence Lafouge, Florent Levavasseur, Benjamin Loubet, Auriane Voyard, and Raia-Silvia Massad
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-530, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-530, 2024
Preprint archived
Short summary
Short summary
This paper reviews the emission and emission processes of biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) from various crops and soil under different management practices, highlighting challenges in modeling the emissions and proposing a conceptual model for estimation. The aim of this paper is to present agricultural BVOC data and related mechanistic processes to enhance model accuracy and reduce uncertainties in estimating BVOC emissions from agriculture.
Jean-François Müller, Trissevgeni Stavrakou, Glenn-Michael Oomen, Beata Opacka, Isabelle De Smedt, Alex Guenther, Corinne Vigouroux, Bavo Langerock, Carlos Augusto Bauer Aquino, Michel Grutter, James Hannigan, Frank Hase, Rigel Kivi, Erik Lutsch, Emmanuel Mahieu, Maria Makarova, Jean-Marc Metzger, Isamu Morino, Isao Murata, Tomoo Nagahama, Justus Notholt, Ivan Ortega, Mathias Palm, Amelie Röhling, Wolfgang Stremme, Kimberly Strong, Ralf Sussmann, Yao Té, and Alan Fried
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 2207–2237, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-2207-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-2207-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Formaldehyde observations from satellites can be used to constrain the emissions of volatile organic compounds, but those observations have biases. Using an atmospheric model, aircraft and ground-based remote sensing data, we quantify these biases, propose a correction to the data, and assess the consequence of this correction for the evaluation of emissions.
Xiaoxiao Li, Yijing Chen, Yuyang Li, Runlong Cai, Yiran Li, Chenjuan Deng, Jin Wu, Chao Yan, Hairong Cheng, Yongchun Liu, Markku Kulmala, Jiming Hao, James N. Smith, and Jingkun Jiang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 14801–14812, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-14801-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-14801-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Near-continuous measurements show the composition, sources, and seasonal variations of ultrafine particles (UFPs) in urban Beijing. Vehicle and cooking emissions and new particle formation are the main sources of UFPs, and aqueous/heterogeneous processes increase UFP mode diameters. UFPs are the highest in winter due to the highest primary particle emission rates and new particle formation rates, and CHO fractions are the highest in summer due to the strongest photooxidation.
Susanna Strada, Andrea Pozzer, Graziano Giuliani, Erika Coppola, Fabien Solmon, Xiaoyan Jiang, Alex Guenther, Efstratios Bourtsoukidis, Dominique Serça, Jonathan Williams, and Filippo Giorgi
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 13301–13327, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-13301-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-13301-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Water deficit modifies emissions of isoprene, an aromatic compound released by plants that influences the production of an air pollutant such as ozone. Numerical modelling shows that, during the warmest and driest summers, isoprene decreases between −20 and −60 % over the Euro-Mediterranean region, while near-surface ozone only diminishes by a few percent. Decreases in isoprene emissions not only happen under dry conditions, but also could occur after prolonged or repeated water deficits.
Eliane Gomes Alves, Raoni Aquino Santana, Cléo Quaresma Dias-Júnior, Santiago Botía, Tyeen Taylor, Ana Maria Yáñez-Serrano, Jürgen Kesselmeier, Efstratios Bourtsoukidis, Jonathan Williams, Pedro Ivo Lembo Silveira de Assis, Giordane Martins, Rodrigo de Souza, Sérgio Duvoisin Júnior, Alex Guenther, Dasa Gu, Anywhere Tsokankunku, Matthias Sörgel, Bruce Nelson, Davieliton Pinto, Shujiro Komiya, Diogo Martins Rosa, Bettina Weber, Cybelli Barbosa, Michelle Robin, Kenneth J. Feeley, Alvaro Duque, Viviana Londoño Lemos, Maria Paula Contreras, Alvaro Idarraga, Norberto López, Chad Husby, Brett Jestrow, and Iván Mauricio Cely Toro
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 8149–8168, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-8149-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-8149-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Isoprene is emitted mainly by plants and can influence atmospheric chemistry and air quality. But, there are uncertainties in model emission estimates and follow-up atmospheric processes. In our study, with long-term observational datasets of isoprene and biological and environmental factors from central Amazonia, we show that isoprene emission estimates could be improved when biological processes were mechanistically incorporated into the model.
Lejish Vettikkat, Pasi Miettinen, Angela Buchholz, Pekka Rantala, Hao Yu, Simon Schallhart, Tuukka Petäjä, Roger Seco, Elisa Männistö, Markku Kulmala, Eeva-Stiina Tuittila, Alex B. Guenther, and Siegfried Schobesberger
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 2683–2698, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-2683-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-2683-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Wetlands cover a substantial fraction of the land mass in the northern latitudes, from northern Europe to Siberia and Canada. Yet, their isoprene and terpene emissions remain understudied. Here, we used a state-of-the-art measurement technique to quantify ecosystem-scale emissions from a boreal wetland during an unusually warm spring/summer. We found that the emissions from this wetland were (a) higher and (b) even more strongly dependent on temperature than commonly thought.
Yuxuan Wang, Nan Lin, Wei Li, Alex Guenther, Joey C. Y. Lam, Amos P. K. Tai, Mark J. Potosnak, and Roger Seco
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 14189–14208, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-14189-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-14189-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Drought can cause large changes in biogenic isoprene emissions. In situ field observations of isoprene emissions during droughts are confined by spatial coverage and, thus, provide limited constraints. We derived a drought stress factor based on satellite HCHO data for MEGAN2.1 in the GEOS-Chem model using water stress and temperature. This factor reduces the overestimation of isoprene emissions during severe droughts and improves the simulated O3 and organic aerosol responses to droughts.
Elizabeth Klovenski, Yuxuan Wang, Susanne E. Bauer, Kostas Tsigaridis, Greg Faluvegi, Igor Aleinov, Nancy Y. Kiang, Alex Guenther, Xiaoyan Jiang, Wei Li, and Nan Lin
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 13303–13323, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-13303-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-13303-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Severe drought stresses vegetation and causes reduced emission of isoprene. We study the impact of including a new isoprene drought stress (yd) parameterization in NASA GISS ModelE called DroughtStress_ModelE, which is specifically tuned for ModelE. Inclusion of yd leads to better simulated isoprene emissions at the MOFLUX site during the severe drought of 2012, reduced overestimation of OMI satellite ΩHCHO (formaldehyde column), and improved simulated O3 (ozone) during drought.
Detlev Helmig, Alex Guenther, Jacques Hueber, Ryan Daly, Wei Wang, Jeong-Hoo Park, Anssi Liikanen, and Arnaud P. Praplan
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 15, 5439–5454, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-5439-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-5439-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This research demonstrates a new method for determination of the chemical reactivity of volatile organic compounds that are emitted from the leaves and needles of trees. These measurements allow elucidating if and how much of these emissions and their associated reactivity are captured and quantified by currently applicable chemical analysis methods.
Deanna C. Myers, Saewung Kim, Steven Sjostedt, Alex B. Guenther, Roger Seco, Oscar Vega Bustillos, Julio Tota, Rodrigo A. F. Souza, and James N. Smith
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 10061–10076, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-10061-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-10061-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We present the first measurements of gas-phase sulfuric acid from the Amazon basin and evaluate the efficacy of existing sulfuric acid parameterizations in this understudied region. Sulfuric acid is produced during the daytime and nighttime, though current proxies underestimate nighttime production. These results illustrate the need for better parameterizations of sulfuric acid and its precursors that are informed by measurements across a broad range of locations.
Michelia Dam, Danielle C. Draper, Andrey Marsavin, Juliane L. Fry, and James N. Smith
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 9017–9031, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-9017-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-9017-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We performed chamber experiments to measure the composition of the gas-phase reaction products of nitrate-radical-initiated oxidation of four monoterpenes. The total organic yield, effective oxygen-to-carbon ratio, and dimer-to-monomer ratio were correlated with the observed particle formation for the monoterpene systems with some exceptions. The Δ-carene system produced the most particles, followed by β-pinene, with the α-pinene and α-thujene systems producing no particles.
Sabrina Chee, Kelley Barsanti, James N. Smith, and Nanna Myllys
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 11637–11654, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-11637-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-11637-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We explored molecular properties affecting atmospheric particle formation efficiency and derived a parameterization between particle formation rate and heterodimer concentration, which showed good agreement to previously reported experimental data. Considering the simplicity of calculating heterodimer concentration, this approach has potential to improve estimates of global cloud condensation nuclei in models that are limited by the computational expense of calculating particle formation rate.
Chinmoy Sarkar, Gracie Wong, Anne Mielnik, Sanjeevi Nagalingam, Nicole Jenna Gross, Alex B. Guenther, Taehyoung Lee, Taehyun Park, Jihee Ban, Seokwon Kang, Jin-Soo Park, Joonyoung Ahn, Danbi Kim, Hyunjae Kim, Jinsoo Choi, Beom-Keun Seo, Jong-Ho Kim, Jeong-Ho Kim, Soo Bog Park, and Saewung Kim
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 11505–11518, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-11505-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-11505-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We present experimental proofs illustrating the emission of an unexplored volatile organic compound, tentatively assigned as ketene, in an industrial facility in South Korea. The emission of such a compound has rarely been reported, but our experimental data show that the emission rate is substantial. It potentially has tremendous implications for regional air quality and public health, as it is highly reactive and toxic at the same time.
Beata Opacka, Jean-François Müller, Trissevgeni Stavrakou, Maite Bauwens, Katerina Sindelarova, Jana Markova, and Alex B. Guenther
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 8413–8436, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-8413-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-8413-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Isoprene is mainly emitted from plants, and about 80 % of its global emissions occur in the tropics. Current isoprene inventories are usually based on modelled vegetation maps, but high pressure on land use over the last decades has led to severe losses, especially in tropical forests, that are not considered by models. We provide a study on the present-day impact of spaceborne land cover changes on isoprene emissions and the first inventory based on high-resolution Landsat tree cover dataset.
Janaína P. Nascimento, Megan M. Bela, Bruno B. Meller, Alessandro L. Banducci, Luciana V. Rizzo, Angel Liduvino Vara-Vela, Henrique M. J. Barbosa, Helber Gomes, Sameh A. A. Rafee, Marco A. Franco, Samara Carbone, Glauber G. Cirino, Rodrigo A. F. Souza, Stuart A. McKeen, and Paulo Artaxo
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 6755–6779, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-6755-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-6755-2021, 2021
Dianne Sanchez, Roger Seco, Dasa Gu, Alex Guenther, John Mak, Youngjae Lee, Danbi Kim, Joonyoung Ahn, Don Blake, Scott Herndon, Daun Jeong, John T. Sullivan, Thomas Mcgee, Rokjin Park, and Saewung Kim
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 6331–6345, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-6331-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-6331-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We present observations of total reactive gases in a suburban forest observatory in the Seoul metropolitan area. The quantitative comparison with speciated trace gas observations illustrated significant underestimation in atmospheric reactivity from the speciated trace gas observational dataset. We present scientific discussion about potential causes.
Hui Wang, Qizhong Wu, Alex B. Guenther, Xiaochun Yang, Lanning Wang, Tang Xiao, Jie Li, Jinming Feng, Qi Xu, and Huaqiong Cheng
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 4825–4848, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-4825-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-4825-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We assessed the influence of the greening trend on BVOC emission in China. The comparison among different scenarios showed that vegetation changes resulting from land cover management are the main driver of BVOC emission change in China. Climate variability contributed significantly to interannual variations but not much to the long-term trend during the study period.
Guilherme F. Camarinha-Neto, Julia C. P. Cohen, Cléo Q. Dias-Júnior, Matthias Sörgel, José Henrique Cattanio, Alessandro Araújo, Stefan Wolff, Paulo A. F. Kuhn, Rodrigo A. F. Souza, Luciana V. Rizzo, and Paulo Artaxo
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 339–356, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-339-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-339-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
It was observed that friagem phenomena (incursion of cold waves from the high latitudes of the Southern Hemisphere to the Amazon region), very common in the dry season of the Amazon region, produced significant changes in microclimate and atmospheric chemistry. Moreover, the effects of the friagem change the surface O3 and CO2 mixing ratios and therefore interfere deeply in the microclimatic conditions and the chemical composition of the atmosphere above the rainforest.
Roger Seco, Thomas Holst, Mikkel Sillesen Matzen, Andreas Westergaard-Nielsen, Tao Li, Tihomir Simin, Joachim Jansen, Patrick Crill, Thomas Friborg, Janne Rinne, and Riikka Rinnan
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 13399–13416, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-13399-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-13399-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Northern ecosystems exchange climate-relevant trace gases with the atmosphere, including volatile organic compounds (VOCs). We measured VOC fluxes from a subarctic permafrost-free fen and its adjacent lake in northern Sweden. The graminoid-dominated fen emitted mainly isoprene during the peak of the growing season, with a pronounced response to increasing temperatures stronger than assumed by biogenic emission models. The lake was a sink of acetone and acetaldehyde during both periods measured.
Chen Dayan, Erick Fredj, Pawel K. Misztal, Maor Gabay, Alex B. Guenther, and Eran Tas
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 12741–12759, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-12741-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-12741-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
We studied the emission of biogenic volatile organic compounds from both marine and terrestrial ecosystems in the Eastern Mediterranean Basin, a global warming hot spot. We focused on isoprene and dimethyl sulfide (DMS), which are well recognized for their effect on climate and strong impact on photochemical pollution by the former. We found high emissions of isoprene and a strong decadal decrease in the emission of DMS which can both be attributed to the strong increase in seawater temperature.
Archit Mehra, Jordan E. Krechmer, Andrew Lambe, Chinmoy Sarkar, Leah Williams, Farzaneh Khalaj, Alex Guenther, John Jayne, Hugh Coe, Douglas Worsnop, Celia Faiola, and Manjula Canagaratna
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 10953–10965, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-10953-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-10953-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from plants are important for tropospheric ozone and secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation. Real plant emissions are much more diverse than the few proxies widely used for studies of plant SOA. Here we present the first study of SOA from Californian sage plants and the oxygenated monoterpenes representing their major emissions. We identify SOA products and show the importance of the formation of highly oxygenated organic molecules and oligomers.
Cited articles
Allan, J. D., Morgan, W. T., Darbyshire, E., Flynn, M. J., Williams, P. I., Oram, D. E., Artaxo, P., Brito, J., Lee, J. D., and Coe, H.: Airborne observations of IEPOX-derived isoprene SOA in the Amazon during SAMBBA, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 11393–11407, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-11393-2014, 2014. a
Allen, J., Oberdorster, G., Morris-Schaffer, K., Wong, C., Klocke, C., Sobolewski, M., Conrad, K., Mayer-Proschel, M., and Cory-Slechta, D.: Developmental neurotoxicity of inhaled ambient ultrafine particle air pollution: Parallels with neuropathological and behavioral features of autism and other neurodevelopmental disorders, NeuroToxicology, 59, 140–154, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuro.2015.12.014, 2017. a
Alves, E. G., Jardine, K., Tota, J., Jardine, A., Yãnez-Serrano, A. M., Karl, T., Tavares, J., Nelson, B., Gu, D., Stavrakou, T., Martin, S., Artaxo, P., Manzi, A., and Guenther, A.: Seasonality of isoprenoid emissions from a primary rainforest in central Amazonia, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 3903–3925, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-3903-2016, 2016. a
Alves, E. G., Taylor, T., Robin, M., Oliveira, D. P., Schietti, J., Júnior, S. D., Zannoni, N., Williams, J., Hartmann, C., Gonçalves, J. F. C., Schöngart, J., Wittmann, F., and Piedade, M. T. F.: Seasonal shifts in isoprenoid emission composition from three hyperdominant tree species in central Amazonia, Plant Biol., 24, 721–733, https://doi.org/10.1111/plb.13419, 2022. a
Andreae, M. O.: Emission of trace gases and aerosols from biomass burning – an updated assessment, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 8523–8546, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-8523-2019, 2019. a
Andreae, M. O. and Raemdonck, H.: Dimethyl Sulfide in the Surface Ocean and the Marine Atmosphere: A Global View, Science, 221, 744–747, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.221.4612.744, 1983. a, b
Andreae, M. O., Rosenfeld, D., Artaxo, P., Costa, A. A., Frank, G. P., Longo, K. M., and Silva-Dias, M. A. F.: Smoking Rain Clouds over the Amazon, Science, 303, 1337–1342, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1092779, 2004. a
Andreae, M. O., Afchine, A., Albrecht, R., Holanda, B. A., Artaxo, P., Barbosa, H. M. J., Borrmann, S., Cecchini, M. A., Costa, A., Dollner, M., Fütterer, D., Järvinen, E., Jurkat, T., Klimach, T., Konemann, T., Knote, C., Krämer, M., Krisna, T., Machado, L. A. T., Mertes, S., Minikin, A., Pöhlker, C., Pöhlker, M. L., Pöschl, U., Rosenfeld, D., Sauer, D., Schlager, H., Schnaiter, M., Schneider, J., Schulz, C., Spanu, A., Sperling, V. B., Voigt, C., Walser, A., Wang, J., Weinzierl, B., Wendisch, M., and Ziereis, H.: Aerosol characteristics and particle production in the upper troposphere over the Amazon Basin, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 921–961, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-921-2018, 2018. a, b
Andreae, M. O., Andreae, T. W., Ditas, F., and Pöhlker, C.: Frequent new particle formation at remote sites in the subboreal forest of North America, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 2487–2505, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-2487-2022, 2022. a
Armstrong, N. C., Chen, Y., Cui, T., Zhang, Y., Christensen, C., Zhang, Z., Turpin, B. J., Chan, M. N., Gold, A., Ault, A. P., and Surratt, J. D.: Isoprene Epoxydiol-Derived Sulfated and Nonsulfated Oligomers Suppress Particulate Mass Loss during Oxidative Aging of Secondary Organic Aerosol, Environ. Sci. Technol., 56, 16611–16620, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.2c03200, 2022. a
Aschmann, S. M. and Atkinson, R.: Formation Yields of Methyl Vinyl Ketone and Methacrolein from the Gas-Phase Reaction of O3 with Isoprene, Environ. Sci. Technol., 28, 1539–1542, https://doi.org/10.1021/es00057a025, 1994. a
Attygalle, A. B., García-Rubio, S., Ta, J., and Meinwald, J.: Collisionally-induced dissociation mass spectra of organic sulfate anions, Journal of the Chemical Society, Perkin Transactions 2, 498–506 pp., https://doi.org/10.1039/b009019k, 2001. a
Baboomian, V. J., Crescenzo, G. V., Huang, Y., Mahrt, F., Shiraiwa, M., Bertram, A. K., and Nizkorodov, S. A.: Sunlight can convert atmospheric aerosols into a glassy solid state and modify their environmental impacts, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 119, e2208121119, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2208121119, 2022. a, b
Barket, D. J., Grossenbacher, J. W., Hurst, J. M., Shepson, P. B., Olszyna, K., Thornberry, T., Carroll, M. A., Roberts, J., Stroud, C., Bottenheim, J., and Biesenthal, T.: A study of the NOx dependence of isoprene oxidation, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 109, D11310, https://doi.org/10.1029/2003JD003965, 2004. a
Bauer, H., Claeys, M., Vermeylen, R., Schueller, E., Weinke, G., Berger, A., and Puxbaum, H.: Arabitol and mannitol as tracers for the quantification of airborne fungal spores, Atmos. Environ., 42, 588–593, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2007.10.013, 2008. a
Bianchi, F., Kurtén, T., Riva, M., Mohr, C., Rissanen, M. P., Roldin, P., Berndt, T., Crounse, J. D., Wennberg, P. O., Mentel, T. F., Wildt, J., Junninen, H., Jokinen, T., Kulmala, M., Worsnop, D. R., Thornton, J. A., Donahue, N., Kjaergaard, H. G., and Ehn, M.: Highly Oxygenated Organic Molecules (HOM) from Gas-Phase Autoxidation Involving Peroxy Radicals: A Key Contributor to Atmospheric Aerosol, Chemical Reviews, American Chemical Society, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00395, 2019. a
Brock, C. A., Hamill, P., Wilson, J. C., Jonsson, H. H., and Chan, K. R.: Particle Formation in the Upper Tropical Troposphere: A Source of Nuclei for the Stratospheric Aerosol, Science, 270, 1650–1653, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.270.5242.1650, 1995. a
Calderón-Garcidueñas, L. and Ayala, A.: Air Pollution, Ultrafine Particles, and Your Brain: Are Combustion Nanoparticle Emissions and Engineered Nanoparticles Causing Preventable Fatal Neurodegenerative Diseases and Common Neuropsychiatric Outcomes?, Environ. Sci. Technol., 56, 6847–6856, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.1c04706, 2022. a
Chen, Q., Farmer, D. K., Rizzo, L. V., Pauliquevis, T., Kuwata, M., Karl, T. G., Guenther, A., Allan, J. D., Coe, H., Andreae, M. O., Pöschl, U., Jimenez, J. L., Artaxo, P., and Martin, S. T.: Submicron particle mass concentrations and sources in the Amazonian wet season (AMAZE-08), Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 3687–3701, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-3687-2015, 2015. a
China, S., Wang, B., Weis, J., Rizzo, L., Brito, J., Cirino, G. G., Kovarik, L., Artaxo, P., Gilles, M. K., and Laskin, A.: Rupturing of Biological Spores As a Source of Secondary Particles in Amazonia, Environ. Sci. Technol., 50, 12179–12186, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.6b02896, 2016. a
Claeys, M., Graham, B., Vas, G., Wang, W., Vermeylen, R., Pashynska, V., Cafmeyer, J., Guyon, P., Andreae, M. O., Artaxo, P., and Maenhaut, W.: Formation of Secondary Organic Aerosols Through Photooxidation of Isoprene, Science, 303, 1173–1176, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1092805, 2004. a
Claeys, M., Szmigielski, R., Kourtchev, I., der Veken, P. V., Vermeylen, R., Maenhaut, W., Jaoui, M., Kleindienst, T. E., Lewandowski, M., Offenberg, J. H., and Edney, E. O.: Hydroxydicarboxylic Acids: Markers for Secondary Organic Aerosol from the Photooxidation of α-Pinene, Environ. Sci. Technol., 41, 1628–1634, https://doi.org/10.1021/es0620181, 2007. a
Cox, P. M., Betts, R. A., Jones, C. D., Spall, S. A., and Totterdell, I. J.: Acceleration of global warming due to carbon-cycle feedbacks in a coupled climate model, Nature, 408, 184–187, https://doi.org/10.1038/35041539, 2000. a, b
da Rocha, H. R., Manzi, A. O., Cabral, O. M., Miller, S. D., Goulden, M. L., Saleska, S. R., R.‐Coupe, N., Wofsy, S. C., Borma, L. S., Artaxo, P., Vourlitis, G., Nogueira, J. S., Cardoso, F. L., Nobre, A. D., Kruijt, B., Freitas, H. C., von Randow, C., Aguiar, R. G., and Maia, J. F.: Patterns of water and heat flux across a biome gradient from tropical forest to savanna in Brazil, J. Geophys. Res.-Biogeosci., 114, 1–8, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007JG000640, 2009. a
Dada, L., Chellapermal, R., Buenrostro Mazon, S., Paasonen, P., Lampilahti, J., Manninen, H. E., Junninen, H., Petäjä, T., Kerminen, V.-M., and Kulmala, M.: Refined classification and characterization of atmospheric new-particle formation events using air ions, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 17883–17893, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-17883-2018, 2018. a
Dal Maso, M., Sogacheva, L., Anisimov, M. P., Arshinov, M., Baklanov, A., Belan, B., Khodzer, T. V., Obolkin, V. A., Staroverova, A., Vlasov, A., Zagaynov, V. A., Lushnikov, A., Lyubovtseva, Y. S., Riipinen, I., Kerminen, V.-M., and Kulmala, M.: Aerosol particle formation events at two Siberian stations inside the boreal forest, Boreal Environ. Res., 13, 81–92, 2008. a
de Sá, S. S., Rizzo, L. V., Palm, B. B., Campuzano-Jost, P., Day, D. A., Yee, L. D., Wernis, R., Isaacman-VanWertz, G., Brito, J., Carbone, S., Liu, Y. J., Sedlacek, A., Springston, S., Goldstein, A. H., Barbosa, H. M. J., Alexander, M. L., Artaxo, P., Jimenez, J. L., and Martin, S. T.: Contributions of biomass-burning, urban, and biogenic emissions to the concentrations and light-absorbing properties of particulate matter in central Amazonia during the dry season, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 7973–8001, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-7973-2019, 2019. a, b
Donahue, N. M., Epstein, S. A., Pandis, S. N., and Robinson, A. L.: A two-dimensional volatility basis set: 1. organic-aerosol mixing thermodynamics, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 3303–3318, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-3303-2011, 2011. a, b
Dunne, E. M., Gordon, H., Kürten, A., Almeida, J., Duplissy, J., Williamson, C., Ortega, I. K., Pringle, K. J., Adamov, A., Baltensperger, U., Barmet, P., Benduhn, F., Bianchi, F., Breitenlechner, M., Clarke, A., Curtius, J., Dommen, J., Donahue, N. M., Ehrhart, S., Flagan, R. C., Franchin, A., Guida, R., Hakala, J., Hansel, A., Heinritzi, M., Jokinen, T., Kangasluoma, J., Kirkby, J., Kulmala, M., Kupc, A., Lawler, M. J., Lehtipalo, K., Makhmutov, V., Mann, G., Mathot, S., Merikanto, J., Miettinen, P., Nenes, A., Onnela, A., Rap, A., Reddington, C. L. S., Riccobono, F., Richards, N. A. D., Rissanen, M. P., Rondo, L., Sarnela, N., Schobesberger, S., Sengupta, K., Simon, M., Sipilä, M., Smith, J. N., Stozkhov, Y., Tomé, A., Tröstl, J., Wagner, P. E., Wimmer, D., Winkler, P. M., Worsnop, D. R., and Carslaw, K. S.: Global atmospheric particle formation from CERN CLOUD measurements, Science, 354, 1119–1124, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aaf2649, 2016. a
Ehn, M., Thornton, J. A., Kleist, E., Sipilä, M., Junninen, H., Pullinen, I., Springer, M., Rubach, F., Tillmann, R., Lee, B., Lopez-Hilfiker, F., Andres, S., Acir, I.-H., Rissanen, M., Jokinen, T., Schobesberger, S., Kangasluoma, J., Kontkanen, J., Nieminen, T., Kurtén, T., Nielsen, L. B., Jørgensen, S., Kjaergaard, H. G., Canagaratna, M., Maso, M. D., Berndt, T., Petäjä, T., Wahner, A., Kerminen, V.-M., Kulmala, M., Worsnop, D. R., Wildt, J., and Mentel, T. F.: A large source of low-volatility secondary organic aerosol, Nature, 506, 476–479, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature13032, 2014. a
Ekman, A. M. L., Krejci, R., Engström, A., Ström, J., de Reus, M., Williams, J., and Andreae, M. O.: Do organics contribute to small particle formation in the Amazonian upper troposphere?, Geophys. Res. Lett., 35, L17810, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008GL034970, 2008. a
Fan, J., Rosenfeld, D., Zhang, Y., Giangrande, S. E., Li, Z., Machado, L. A. T., Martin, S. T., Yang, Y., Wang, J., Artaxo, P., Barbosa, H. M. J., Braga, R. C., Comstock, J. M., Feng, Z., Gao, W., Gomes, H. B., Mei, F., Pöhlker, C., Pöhlker, M. L., Pöschl, U., and de Souza, R. A. F.: Substantial convection and precipitation enhancements by ultrafineaerosol particles, Science, 359, 411–418, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aan8461, 2018. a, b
Fernandez, A. E., Lewis, G. S., and Hering, S. V.: Design and Laboratory Evaluation of a Sequential Spot Sampler for Time-Resolved Measurement of Airborne Particle Composition, Aerosol Sci. Technol., 48, 655–663, https://doi.org/10.1080/02786826.2014.911409, 2014. a
Flores, B. M., Montoya, E., Sakschewski, B., Nascimento, N., Staal, A., Betts, R. A., Levis, C., Lapola, D. M., Esquível-Muelbert, A., Jakovac, C., Nobre, C. A., Oliveira, R. S., Borma, L. S., Nian, D., Boers, N., Hecht, S. B., ter Steege, H., Arieira, J., Lucas, I. L., Berenguer, E., Marengo, J. A., Gatti, L. V., Mattos, C. R. C., and Hirota, M.: Critical transitions in the Amazon forest system, Nature, 626, 555–564, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-023-06970-0, 2024. a
Franco, M. A., Ditas, F., Kremper, L. A., Machado, L. A. T., Andreae, M. O., Araújo, A., Barbosa, H. M. J., de Brito, J. F., Carbone, S., Holanda, B. A., Morais, F. G., Nascimento, J. P., Pöhlker, M. L., Rizzo, L. V., Sá, M., Saturno, J., Walter, D., Wolff, S., Pöschl, U., Artaxo, P., and Pöhlker, C.: Occurrence and growth of sub-50 nm aerosol particles in the Amazonian boundary layer, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 3469–3492, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-3469-2022, 2022. a
Giglio, L., Boschetti, L., Roy, D. P., Humber, M. L., and Justice, C. O.: The Collection 6 MODIS burned area mapping algorithm and product, Remote Sens. Environ., 217, 72–85, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2018.08.005, 2018. a
Glasius, M., Bering, M. S., Yee, L. D., de Sá, S. S., Isaacman-VanWertz, G., Wernis, R. A., Barbosa, H. M. J., Alexander, M. L., Palm, B. B., Hu, W., Campuzano-Jost, P., Day, D. A., Jimenez, J. L., Shrivastava, M., Martin, S. T., and Goldstein, A. H.: Organosulfates in aerosols downwind of an urban region in central Amazon, Environ. Sci.-Process. Impacts, 20, 1546–1558, https://doi.org/10.1039/C8EM00413G, 2018. a, b, c, d, e
Glicker, H. S., Lawler, M. J., Ortega, J., de Sá, S. S., Martin, S. T., Artaxo, P., Vega Bustillos, O., de Souza, R., Tota, J., Carlton, A., and Smith, J. N.: Chemical composition of ultrafine aerosol particles in central Amazonia during the wet season, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 13053–13066, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-13053-2019, 2019. a, b
Go, B. R., Lyu, Y., Ji, Y., Li, Y. J., Huang, D. D., Li, X., Nah, T., Lam, C. H., and Chan, C. K.: Aqueous secondary organic aerosol formation from the direct photosensitized oxidation of vanillin in the absence and presence of ammonium nitrate, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 273–293, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-273-2022, 2022. a
Gordon, H., Kirkby, J., Baltensperger, U., Bianchi, F., Breitenlechner, M., Curtius, J., Dias, A., Dommen, J., Donahue, N. M., Dunne, E. M., Duplissy, J., Ehrhart, S., Flagan, R. C., Frege, C., Fuchs, C., Hansel, A., Hoyle, C. R., Kulmala, M., Kürten, A., Lehtipalo, K., Makhmutov, V., Molteni, U., Rissanen, M. P., Stozkhov, Y., Tröstl, J., Tsagkogeorgas, G., Wagner, R., Williamson, C., Wimmer, D., Winkler, P. M., Yan, C., and Carslaw, K. S.: Causes and importance of new particle formation in the present‐day and preindustrial atmospheres, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 122, 8739–8760, https://doi.org/10.1002/2017JD026844, 2017. a
Guenther, A. B., Jiang, X., Heald, C. L., Sakulyanontvittaya, T., Duhl, T., Emmons, L. K., and Wang, X.: The Model of Emissions of Gases and Aerosols from Nature version 2.1 (MEGAN2.1): an extended and updated framework for modeling biogenic emissions, Geosci. Model Dev., 5, 1471–1492, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-5-1471-2012, 2012. a, b
Hersbach, H., Bell, B., Berrisford, P., Biavati, G., Horányi, A., Muñoz Sabater, J., Nicolas, J., Peubey, C., Radu, R., Rozum, I., Schepers, D., Simmons, A., Soci, C., Dee, D., and Thépaut, J.-N.: ERA5 hourly data on single levels from 1940 to present, Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S) Climate Data Store (CDS) [data set], https://doi.org/10.24381/cds.adbb2d47, 2023. a
Hodshire, A. L., Palm, B. B., Alexander, M. L., Bian, Q., Campuzano-Jost, P., Cross, E. S., Day, D. A., de Sá, S. S., Guenther, A. B., Hansel, A., Hunter, J. F., Jud, W., Karl, T., Kim, S., Kroll, J. H., Park, J.-H., Peng, Z., Seco, R., Smith, J. N., Jimenez, J. L., and Pierce, J. R.: Constraining nucleation, condensation, and chemistry in oxidation flow reactors using size-distribution measurements and aerosol microphysical modeling, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 12433–12460, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-12433-2018, 2018. a
Huffman, J. A., Prenni, A. J., DeMott, P. J., Pöhlker, C., Mason, R. H., Robinson, N. H., Fröhlich-Nowoisky, J., Tobo, Y., Després, V. R., Garcia, E., Gochis, D. J., Harris, E., Müller-Germann, I., Ruzene, C., Schmer, B., Sinha, B., Day, D. A., Andreae, M. O., Jimenez, J. L., Gallagher, M., Kreidenweis, S. M., Bertram, A. K., and Pöschl, U.: High concentrations of biological aerosol particles and ice nuclei during and after rain, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 6151–6164, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-6151-2013, 2013. a
Iinuma, Y., Böge, O., Gräfe, R., and Herrmann, H.: Methyl-Nitrocatechols: Atmospheric Tracer Compounds for Biomass Burning Secondary Organic Aerosols, Environ. Sci. Technol., 44, 8453–8459, https://doi.org/10.1021/es102938a, 2010. a, b
Isaacman-VanWertz, G. and Aumont, B.: Impact of organic molecular structure on the estimation of atmospherically relevant physicochemical parameters, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 6541–6563, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-6541-2021, 2021. a
Isaacman-VanWertz, G., Yee, L. D., Kreisberg, N. M., Wernis, R., Moss, J. A., Hering, S. V., de Sá, S. S., Martin, S. T., Alexander, M. L., Palm, B. B., Hu, W., Campuzano-Jost, P., Day, D. A., Jimenez, J. L., Riva, M., Surratt, J. D., Viegas, J., Manzi, A., Edgerton, E., Baumann, K., Souza, R., Artaxo, P., and Goldstein, A. H.: Ambient Gas-Particle Partitioning of Tracers for Biogenic Oxidation, Environ. Sci. Technol., 50, 9952–9962, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.6b01674, 2016. a
Jaitly, N., Mayampurath, A., Littlefield, K., Adkins, J. N., Anderson, G. A., and Smith, R. D.: Decon2LS: An open-source software package for automated processing and visualization of high resolution mass spectrometry data, BMC Bioinformatics, 10, 87, https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2105-10-87, 2009. a
Jaoui, M., Szmigielski, R., Nestorowicz, K., Kolodziejczyk, A., Sarang, K., Rudzinski, K. J., Konopka, A., Bulska, E., Lewandowski, M., and Kleindienst, T. E.: Organic Hydroxy Acids as Highly Oxygenated Molecular (HOM) Tracers for Aged Isoprene Aerosol, Environ. Sci. Technol., 53, 14516–14527, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.9b05075, 2019. a
Jardine, K., Yañez‐Serrano, A. M., Williams, J., Kunert, N., Jardine, A., Taylor, T., Abrell, L., Artaxo, P., Guenther, A., Hewitt, C. N., House, E., Florentino, A. P., Manzi, A., Higuchi, N., Kesselmeier, J., Behrendt, T., Veres, P. R., Derstroff, B., Fuentes, J. D., Martin, S. T., and Andreae, M. O.: Dimethyl sulfide in the Amazon rain forest, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 29, 19–32, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014GB004969, 2015. a
Jenkins, B. M., Jones, A. D., Turn, S. Q., and Williams, R. B.: Emission Factors for Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons from Biomass Burning, Environ. Sci. Technol., 30, 2462–2469, https://doi.org/10.1021/es950699m, 1996. a
Jiang, H., Carena, L., He, Y., Wang, Y., Zhou, W., Yang, L., Luan, T., Li, X., Brigante, M., Vione, D., and Gligorovski, S.: Photosensitized Degradation of DMSO Initiated by PAHs at the Air‐Water Interface, as an Alternative Source of Organic Sulfur Compounds to the Atmosphere, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 126, e2021JD035346, https://doi.org/10.1029/2021JD035346, 2021. a
Jiang, H., He, Y., Wang, Y., Li, S., Jiang, B., Carena, L., Li, X., Yang, L., Luan, T., Vione, D., and Gligorovski, S.: Formation of organic sulfur compounds through SO2-initiated photochemistry of PAHs and dimethylsulfoxide at the air-water interface, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 4237–4252, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-4237-2022, 2022. a
Kahnt, A., Iinuma, Y., Blockhuys, F., Mutzel, A., Vermeylen, R., Kleindienst, T. E., Jaoui, M., Offenberg, J. H., Lewandowski, M., Böge, O., Herrmann, H., Maenhaut, W., and Claeys, M.: 2-Hydroxyterpenylic Acid: An Oxygenated Marker Compound for α-Pinene Secondary Organic Aerosol in Ambient Fine Aerosol, Environ. Sci. Technol., 48, 4901–4908, https://doi.org/10.1021/es500377d, 2014. a
Karl, T. G., Christian, T. J., Yokelson, R. J., Artaxo, P., Hao, W. M., and Guenther, A.: The Tropical Forest and Fire Emissions Experiment: method evaluation of volatile organic compound emissions measured by PTR-MS, FTIR, and GC from tropical biomass burning, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 5883–5897, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-7-5883-2007, 2007. a
Kong, X., Salvador, C. M., Carlsson, S., Pathak, R., Davidsson, K. O., Breton, M. L., Gaita, S. M., Mitra, K., Åsa M. Hallquist, Hallquist, M., and Pettersson, J. B.: Molecular characterization and optical properties of primary emissions from a residential wood burning boiler, Sci. Total Environ., 754, 142143, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142143, 2021. a
Kourtchev, I., Godoi, R. H. M., Connors, S., Levine, J. G., Archibald, A. T., Godoi, A. F. L., Paralovo, S. L., Barbosa, C. G. G., Souza, R. A. F., Manzi, A. O., Seco, R., Sjostedt, S., Park, J.-H., Guenther, A., Kim, S., Smith, J., Martin, S. T., and Kalberer, M.: Molecular composition of organic aerosols in central Amazonia: an ultra-high-resolution mass spectrometry study, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 11899–11913, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-11899-2016, 2016. a, b, c, d, e
Kourtchev, I., Szeto, P., O’Connor, I., Popoola, O. A. M., Maenhaut, W., Wenger, J., and Kalberer, M.: Comparison of Heated Electrospray Ionization and Nanoelectrospray Ionization Sources Coupled to Ultra-High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry for Analysis of Highly Complex Atmospheric Aerosol Samples, Anal. Chem., 92, 8396–8403, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.analchem.0c00971, 2020. a
Krechmer, J. E., Coggon, M. M., Massoli, P., Nguyen, T. B., Crounse, J. D., Hu, W., Day, D. A., Tyndall, G. S., Henze, D. K., Rivera-Rios, J. C., Nowak, J. B., Kimmel, J. R., Mauldin, R. L., Stark, H., Jayne, J. T., Sipilä, M., Junninen, H., Clair, J. M. S., Zhang, X., Feiner, P. A., Zhang, L., Miller, D. O., Brune, W. H., Keutsch, F. N., Wennberg, P. O., Seinfeld, J. H., Worsnop, D. R., Jimenez, J. L., and Canagaratna, M. R.: Formation of Low Volatility Organic Compounds and Secondary Organic Aerosol from Isoprene Hydroxyhydroperoxide Low-NO Oxidation, Environ. Sci. Technol., 49, 10330–10339, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.5b02031, 2015. a
Kroll, J. H., Donahue, N. M., Jimenez, J. L., Kessler, S. H., Canagaratna, M. R., Wilson, K. R., Altieri, K. E., Mazzoleni, L. R., Wozniak, A. S., Bluhm, H., Mysak, E. R., Smith, J. D., Kolb, C. E., and Worsnop, D. R.: Carbon oxidation state as a metric for describing the chemistry of atmospheric organic aerosol, Nat. Chem., 3, 133–139, https://doi.org/10.1038/nchem.948, 2011. a, b
Kuang, B. Y., Lin, P., Hu, M., and Yu, J. Z.: Aerosol size distribution characteristics of organosulfates in the Pearl River Delta region, China, Atmos. Environ., 130, 23–35, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2015.09.024, 2016. a
Kubátová, A., Vermeylen, R., Claeys, M., Cafmeyer, J., Maenhaut, W., Roberts, G., and Artaxo, P.: Carbonaceous aerosol characterization in the Amazon basin, Brazil: novel dicarboxylic acids and related compounds, Atmos. Environ., 34, 5037–5051, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1352-2310(00)00320-4, 2000. a
Langford, B., House, E., Valach, A., Hewitt, C. N., Artaxo, P., Barkley, M. P., Brito, J., Carnell, E., Davison, B., MacKenzie, A. R., Marais, E. A., Newland, M. J., Rickard, A. R., Shaw, M. D., Yáñez-Serrano, A. M., and Nemitz, E.: Seasonality of isoprene emissions and oxidation products above the remote Amazon, Environ. Sci.-Atmos., 2, 230–240, https://doi.org/10.1039/D1EA00057H, 2022. a
Lawler, M. J., Draper, D. C., and Smith, J. N.: Atmospheric fungal nanoparticle bursts, Sci. Adv., 6, eaar2547, https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aax9051, 2020. a
Lawson, D. R. and Winchester, J. W.: Sulfur, potassium, and phosphorus associations in aerosols from South American tropical rain forests, J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans, 84, 3723–3727, https://doi.org/10.1029/JC084iC07p03723, 1979. a
Lee, C., Martin, R. V., van Donkelaar, A., Lee, H., Dickerson, R. R., Hains, J. C., Krotkov, N., Richter, A., Vinnikov, K., and Schwab, J. J.: SO2 emissions and lifetimes: Estimates from inverse modeling using in situ and global, space-based (SCIAMACHY and OMI) observations, J. Geophys. Res., 116, D06304, https://doi.org/10.1029/2010JD014758, 2011. a
Leppla, D., Zannoni, N., Kremper, L., Williams, J., Pöhlker, C., Sá, M., Solci, M. C., and Hoffmann, T.: Varying chiral ratio of pinic acid enantiomers above the Amazon rainforest, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 809–820, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-809-2023, 2023. a
Lewis, D. H. and Smith, D. C.: Sugar Alcohols (Polyols) in Fungi and Green Plants. I. Distribution, Physiology and Metabolism, The New Phytologist, 66, 143–184, http://www.jstor.org/stable/2430328 (last access: 12 June 2024), 1967. a
Li, H., Xu, D., Li, H., Wu, Y., Cheng, Y., Chen, Z., Yin, G., Wang, W., Ge, Y., Niu, Y., Liu, C., Cai, J., Kan, H., Yu, D., and Chen, R.: Exposure to ultrafine particles and oral flora, respiratory function, and biomarkers of inflammation: A panel study in children, Environ. Pollut., 273, 116489, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2021.116489, 2021. a
Liao, J., Froyd, K. D., Murphy, D. M., Keutsch, F. N., Yu, G., Wennberg, P. O., Clair, J. M. S., Crounse, J. D., Wisthaler, A., Mikoviny, T., Jimenez, J. L., Campuzano‐Jost, P., Day, D. A., Hu, W., Ryerson, T. B., Pollack, I. B., Peischl, J., Anderson, B. E., Ziemba, L. D., Blake, D. R., Meinardi, S., and Diskin, G.: Airborne measurements of organosulfates over the continental U.S., J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 120, 2990–3005, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014JD022378, 2015. a
Liu, B. Y. H., Pui, D. Y. H., and Lin, B. Y.: Aerosol Charge Neutralization by a Radioactive Alpha Source, Part. Part. Syst. Char., 3, 111–116, https://doi.org/10.1002/ppsc.19860030304, 1986. a
Liu, J., D’Ambro, E. L., Lee, B. H., Lopez-Hilfiker, F. D., Zaveri, R. A., Rivera-Rios, J. C., Keutsch, F. N., Iyer, S., Kurten, T., Zhang, Z., Gold, A., Surratt, J. D., Shilling, J. E., and Thornton, J. A.: Efficient Isoprene Secondary Organic Aerosol Formation from a Non-IEPOX Pathway, Environ. Sci. Technol., 50, 9872–9880, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.6b01872, 2016. a
Liu, Y., Brito, J., Dorris, M. R., Rivera-Rios, J. C., Seco, R., Bates, K. H., Artaxo, P., Duvoisin, S., Keutsch, F. N., Kim, S., Goldstein, A. H., Guenther, A. B., Manzi, A. O., Souza, R. A. F., Springston, S. R., Watson, T. B., McKinney, K. A., and Martin, S. T.: Isoprene photochemistry over the Amazon rainforest, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 113, 6125–6130, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1524136113, 2016. a
Liu, Y., Seco, R., Kim, S., Guenther, A. B., Goldstein, A. H., Keutsch, F. N., Springston, S. R., Watson, T. B., Artaxo, P., Souza, R. A. F., McKinney, K. A., and Martin, S. T.: Isoprene photo-oxidation products quantify the effect of pollution on hydroxyl radicals over Amazonia, Sci. Adv., 4, eaar2547, https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aar2547, 2018. a
Liu, Y. J., Herdlinger-Blatt, I., McKinney, K. A., and Martin, S. T.: Production of methyl vinyl ketone and methacrolein via the hydroperoxyl pathway of isoprene oxidation, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 5715–5730, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-5715-2013, 2013. a
Lopez-Hilfiker, F. D., Mohr, C., D’Ambro, E. L., Lutz, A., Riedel, T. P., Gaston, C. J., Iyer, S., Zhang, Z., Gold, A., Surratt, J. D., Lee, B. H., Kurten, T., Hu, W., Jimenez, J., Hallquist, M., and Thornton, J. A.: Molecular Composition and Volatility of Organic Aerosol in the Southeastern U.S.: Implications for IEPOX Derived SOA, Environ. Sci. Technol., 50, 2200–2209, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.5b04769, 2016. a, b
Maclean, A. M., Smith, N. R., Li, Y., Huang, Y., Hettiyadura, A. P. S., Crescenzo, G. V., Shiraiwa, M., Laskin, A., Nizkorodov, S. A., and Bertram, A. K.: Humidity-Dependent Viscosity of Secondary Organic Aerosol from Ozonolysis of β-Caryophyllene: Measurements, Predictions, and Implications, ACS Earth Space Chem., 5, 305–318, https://doi.org/10.1021/acsearthspacechem.0c00296, 2021. a
Martin, S. T., Andreae, M. O., Artaxo, P., Baumgardner, D., Chen, Q., Goldstein, A. H., Guenther, A., Heald, C. L., Mayol-Bracero, O. L., McMurry, P. H., Pauliquevis, T., Pöschl, U., Prather, K. A., Roberts, G. C., Saleska, S. R., Dias, M. A. S., Spracklen, D. V., Swietlicki, E., and Trebs, I.: Sources and properties of Amazonian aerosol particles, Rev. Geophys., 48, RG2002, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008RG000280, 2010. a, b
Meinardi, S., Simpson, I. J., Blake, N. J., Blake, D. R., and Rowland, F. S.: Dimethyl disulfide (DMDS) and dimethyl sulfide (DMS) emissions from biomass burning in Australia, Geophys. Res. Lett., 30, 1454, https://doi.org/10.1029/2003GL016967, 2003. a
Merikanto, J., Spracklen, D. V., Mann, G. W., Pickering, S. J., and Carslaw, K. S.: Impact of nucleation on global CCN, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 8601–8616, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-8601-2009, 2009. a, b
Murphy, B. N., Donahue, N. M., Robinson, A. L., and Pandis, S. N.: A naming convention for atmospheric organic aerosol, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 5825–5839, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-5825-2014, 2014. a
Nassan, F. L., Wang, C., Kelly, R. S., Lasky-Su, J. A., Vokonas, P. S., Koutrakis, P., and Schwartz, J. D.: Ambient PM2.5 species and ultrafine particle exposure and their differential metabolomic signatures, Environ. Int., 151, 106447, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2021.106447, 2021. a
Nguyen, T. B., Bates, K. H., Crounse, J. D., Schwantes, R. H., Zhang, X., Kjaergaard, H. G., Surratt, J. D., Lin, P., Laskin, A., Seinfeld, J. H., and Wennberg, P. O.: Mechanism of the hydroxyl radical oxidation of methacryloyl peroxynitrate (MPAN) and its pathway toward secondary organic aerosol formation in the atmosphere, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 17, 17914–17926, https://doi.org/10.1039/C5CP02001H, 2015. a
Nirmalkar, J., Deb, M. K., Tsai, Y. I., and Deshmukh, D. K.: Arabitol and Mannitol as Tracer for Fungal Contribution to Size-Differentiated Particulate Matter of Rural Atmospheric Aerosols, Int. J. Environ. Sci. Develop., 6, 460–463, https://doi.org/10.7763/IJESD.2015.V6.637, 2015. a
Nizkorodov, S. A., Laskin, J., and Laskin, A.: Molecular chemistry of organic aerosols through the application of high resolution mass spectrometry, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 13, 3612–3629, https://doi.org/10.1039/c0cp02032j, 2011. a
Nölscher, A. C., Yañez-Serrano, A. M., Wolff, S., de Araujo, A. C., Lavrič, J. V., Kesselmeier, J., and Williams, J.: Unexpected seasonality in quantity and composition of Amazon rainforest air reactivity, Nat. Commun., 7, 10383, https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms10383, 2016. a
Olsen, J. V., Macek, B., Lange, O., Makarov, A., Horning, S., and Mann, M.: Higher-energy C-trap dissociation for peptide modification analysis, Nat. Method., 4, 709–712, https://doi.org/10.1038/nmeth1060, 2007. a
Palm, B. B., de Sá, S. S., Day, D. A., Campuzano-Jost, P., Hu, W., Seco, R., Sjostedt, S. J., Park, J.-H., Guenther, A. B., Kim, S., Brito, J., Wurm, F., Artaxo, P., Thalman, R., Wang, J., Yee, L. D., Wernis, R., Isaacman-VanWertz, G., Goldstein, A. H., Liu, Y., Springston, S. R., Souza, R., Newburn, M. K., Alexander, M. L., Martin, S. T., and Jimenez, J. L.: Secondary organic aerosol formation from ambient air in an oxidation flow reactor in central Amazonia, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 467–493, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-467-2018, 2018. a
Paulot, F., Crounse, J. D., Kjaergaard, H. G., Kürten, A., Clair, J. M. S., Seinfeld, J. H., and Wennberg, P. O.: Unexpected Epoxide Formation in the Gas-Phase Photooxidation of Isoprene, Science, 325, 730–733, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1172910, 2009. a
Pfannerstill, E. Y., Reijrink, N. G., Edtbauer, A., Ringsdorf, A., Zannoni, N., Araújo, A., Ditas, F., Holanda, B. A., Sá, M. O., Tsokankunku, A., Walter, D., Wolff, S., Lavrič, J. V., Pöhlker, C., Sörgel, M., and Williams, J.: Total OH reactivity over the Amazon rainforest: variability with temperature, wind, rain, altitude, time of day, season, and an overall budget closure, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 6231–6256, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-6231-2021, 2021. a
Pöhlker, C., Wiedemann, K. T., Sinha, B., Shiraiwa, M., Gunthe, S. S., Smith, M., Su, H., Artaxo, P., Chen, Q., Cheng, Y., Elbert, W., Gilles, M. K., Kilcoyne, A. L. D., Moffet, R. C., Weigand, M., Martin, S. T., Pöschl, U., and Andreae, M. O.: Biogenic Potassium Salt Particles as Seeds for Secondary Organic Aerosol in the Amazon, Science, 337, 1075–1078, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1223264, 2012. a
Reis, G., Souza, S., Neto, H., Branches, R., Silva, R., Peres, L., Pinheiro, D., Lamy, K., Bencherif, H., and Portafaix, T.: Solar Ultraviolet Radiation Temporal Variability Analysis from 2-Year of Continuous Observation in an Amazonian City of Brazil, Atmosphere, 13, 1054, https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos13071054, 2022. a
Ren, Y., Shen, G., Shen, H., Zhong, Q., Xu, H., Meng, W., Zhang, W., Yu, X., Yun, X., Luo, Z., Chen, Y., Li, B., Cheng, H., Zhu, D., and Tao, S.: Contributions of biomass burning to global and regional SO2 emissions, Atmos. Res., 260, 105709, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2021.105709, 2021. a
Rickly, P. S., Guo, H., Campuzano-Jost, P., Jimenez, J. L., Wolfe, G. M., Bennett, R., Bourgeois, I., Crounse, J. D., Dibb, J. E., DiGangi, J. P., Diskin, G. S., Dollner, M., Gargulinski, E. M., Hall, S. R., Halliday, H. S., Hanisco, T. F., Hannun, R. A., Liao, J., Moore, R., Nault, B. A., Nowak, J. B., Peischl, J., Robinson, C. E., Ryerson, T., Sanchez, K. J., Schöberl, M., Soja, A. J., St. Clair, J. M., Thornhill, K. L., Ullmann, K., Wennberg, P. O., Weinzierl, B., Wiggins, E. B., Winstead, E. L., and Rollins, A. W.: Emission factors and evolution of SO2 measured from biomass burning in wildfires and agricultural fires, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 15603–15620, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-15603-2022, 2022. a
Rinne, H., Guenther, A., Greenberg, J., and Harley, P.: Isoprene and monoterpene fluxes measured above Amazonian rainforest and their dependence on light and temperature, Atmos. Environ., 36, 2421–2426, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1352-2310(01)00523-4, 2002. a
Riva, M., Chen, Y., Zhang, Y., Lei, Z., Olson, N. E., Boyer, H. C., Narayan, S., Yee, L. D., Green, H. S., Cui, T., Zhang, Z., Baumann, K., Fort, M., Edgerton, E., Budisulistiorini, S. H., Rose, C. A., Ribeiro, I. O., e Oliveira, R. L., dos Santos, E. O., Machado, C. M. D., Szopa, S., Zhao, Y., Alves, E. G., de Sá, S. S., Hu, W., Knipping, E. M., Shaw, S. L., Junior, S. D., de Souza, R. A. F., Palm, B. B., Jimenez, J.-L., Glasius, M., Goldstein, A. H., Pye, H. O. T., Gold, A., Turpin, B. J., Vizuete, W., Martin, S. T., Thornton, J. A., Dutcher, C. S., Ault, A. P., and Surratt, J. D.: Increasing Isoprene Epoxydiol-to-Inorganic Sulfate Aerosol Ratio Results in Extensive Conversion of Inorganic Sulfate to Organosulfur Forms: Implications for Aerosol Physicochemical Properties, Environ. Sci. Technol., 53, 8682–8694, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.9b01019, 2019. a, b
Rollins, A. W., Kiendler-Scharr, A., Fry, J. L., Brauers, T., Brown, S. S., Dorn, H.-P., Dubé, W. P., Fuchs, H., Mensah, A., Mentel, T. F., Rohrer, F., Tillmann, R., Wegener, R., Wooldridge, P. J., and Cohen, R. C.: Isoprene oxidation by nitrate radical: alkyl nitrate and secondary organic aerosol yields, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 6685–6703, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-6685-2009, 2009. a
Rolph, G., Stein, A., and Stunder, B.: Real-time Environmental Applications and Display sYstem: READY, Environ. Modell. Softw., 95, 210–228, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2017.06.025, 2017. a
Saleska, S.: AmeriFlux BASE BR-Sa1 Santarem-Km67-Primary Forest, Ver. 5-5, AmeriFlux AMP [data set], https://doi.org/10.17190/AMF/1245994, 2019. a
Saleska, S. R., Miller, S. D., Matross, D. M., Goulden, M. L., Wofsy, S. C., Rocha, H. R. D., Camargo, P. B. D., Crill, P., Daube, B. C., Freitas, H. C. D., Hutyra, L., Keller, M., Kirchhoff, V., Menton, M., Munger, J. W., Pyle, E. H., Rice, A. H., and Silva, H.: Carbon in Amazon Forests: Unexpected Seasonal Fluxes and Disturbance-Induced Losses, Science, 302, 1554–1557, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1091165, 2003. a, b
Samaké, A., Jaffrezo, J.-L., Favez, O., Weber, S., Jacob, V., Canete, T., Albinet, A., Charron, A., Riffault, V., Perdrix, E., Waked, A., Golly, B., Salameh, D., Chevrier, F., Oliveira, D. M., Besombes, J.-L., Martins, J. M. F., Bonnaire, N., Conil, S., Guillaud, G., Mesbah, B., Rocq, B., Robic, P.-Y., Hulin, A., Le Meur, S., Descheemaecker, M., Chretien, E., Marchand, N., and Uzu, G.: Arabitol, mannitol, and glucose as tracers of primary biogenic organic aerosol: the influence of environmental factors on ambient air concentrations and spatial distribution over France, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 11013–11030, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-11013-2019, 2019. a, b
Sarkar, C., Guenther, A. B., Park, J.-H., Seco, R., Alves, E., Batalha, S., Santana, R., Kim, S., Smith, J., Tóta, J., and Vega, O.: PTR-TOF-MS eddy covariance measurements of isoprene and monoterpene fluxes from an eastern Amazonian rainforest, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 7179–7191, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-7179-2020, 2020. a
Seinfeld, J. H. and Pandis, S. N.: Atmospheric chemistry and physics: from air pollution to climate change, Wiley, 2nd Edn., ISBN 9780471720188, 2006. a
Shalamzari, M. S., Ryabtsova, O., Kahnt, A., Vermeylen, R., Hérent, M., Quetin‐Leclercq, J., der Veken, P. V., Maenhaut, W., and Claeys, M.: Mass spectrometric characterization of organosulfates related to secondary organic aerosol from isoprene, Rapid Commun. Mass Sp., 27, 784–794, https://doi.org/10.1002/rcm.6511, 2013. a
Shrivastava, M., Andreae, M. O., Artaxo, P., Barbosa, H. M. J., Berg, L. K., Brito, J., Ching, J., Easter, R. C., Fan, J., Fast, J. D., Feng, Z., Fuentes, J. D., Glasius, M., Goldstein, A. H., Alves, E. G., Gomes, H., Gu, D., Guenther, A., Jathar, S. H., Kim, S., Liu, Y., Lou, S., Martin, S. T., McNeill, V. F., Medeiros, A., de Sá, S. S., Shilling, J. E., Springston, S. R., Souza, R. A. F., Thornton, J. A., Isaacman-VanWertz, G., Yee, L. D., Ynoue, R., Zaveri, R. A., Zelenyuk, A., and Zhao, C.: Urban pollution greatly enhances formation of natural aerosols over the Amazon rainforest, Nat. Commun., 10, 1046, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-08909-4, 2019. a
Sipilä, M., Berndt, T., Petäjä, T., Brus, D., Vanhanen, J., Stratmann, F., Patokoski, J., Mauldin, R. L., Hyvärinen, A.-P., Lihavainen, H., and Kulmala, M.: The Role of Sulfuric Acid in Atmospheric Nucleation, Science, 327, 1243–1246, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1180315, 2010. a
Smith, J. N. and Thomas, A. E.: Supporting data for: Seasonal Investigation of Ultrafine Particle Composition in an Eastern Amazonian Rainforest, Dryad [data set], https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.k6djh9wgb, 2024. a
Stein, A., Draxler, R., Rolph, G., Stunder, B., Cohen, M., and Ngan, F.: NOAA’s HYSPLIT Atmospheric Transport and Dispersion Modeling System, B. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 96, 2059–2077, https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-14-00110.1, 2015. a
Surratt, J. D., Kroll, J. H., Kleindienst, T. E., Edney, E. O., Claeys, M., Sorooshian, A., Ng, N. L., Offenberg, J. H., Lewandowski, M., Jaoui, M., Flagan, R. C., and Seinfeld, J. H.: Evidence for Organosulfates in Secondary Organic Aerosol, Environ. Sci. Technol., 41, 517–527, https://doi.org/10.1021/es062081q, 2007a. a
Surratt, J. D., Lewandowski, M., Offenberg, J. H., Jaoui, M., Kleindienst, T. E., Edney, E. O., and Seinfeld, J. H.: Effect of Acidity on Secondary Organic Aerosol Formation from Isoprene, Environ. Sci. Technol., 41, 5363–5369, https://doi.org/10.1021/es0704176, 2007b. a, b
Surratt, J. D., Gómez-González, Y., Chan, A. W. H., Vermeylen, R., Shahgholi, M., Kleindienst, T. E., Edney, E. O., Offenberg, J. H., Lewandowski, M., Jaoui, M., Maenhaut, W., Claeys, M., Flagan, R. C., and Seinfeld, J. H.: Organosulfate Formation in Biogenic Secondary Organic Aerosol, The J. Phys. Chem. A, 112, 8345–8378, https://doi.org/10.1021/jp802310p, 2008. a, b, c
Szmigielski, R., Surratt, J. D., Gómez-González, Y., der Veken, P. V., Kourtchev, I., Vermeylen, R., Blockhuys, F., Jaoui, M., Kleindienst, T. E., Lewandowski, M., Offenberg, J. H., Edney, E. O., Seinfeld, J. H., Maenhaut, W., and Claeys, M.: 3-methyl-1,2,3-butanetricarboxylic acid: An atmospheric tracer for terpene secondary organic aerosol, Geophys. Res. Lett., 34, L24811, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007GL031338, 2007. a
Thoma, M., Bachmeier, F., Gottwald, F. L., Simon, M., and Vogel, A. L.: Mass spectrometry-based Aerosolomics: a new approach to resolve sources, composition, and partitioning of secondary organic aerosol, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 15, 7137–7154, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-7137-2022, 2022. a
Varanda Rizzo, L., Roldin, P., Brito, J., Backman, J., Swietlicki, E., Krejci, R., Tunved, P., Petäjä, T., Kulmala, M., and Artaxo, P.: Multi-year statistical and modeling analysis of submicrometer aerosol number size distributions at a rain forest site in Amazonia, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 10255–10274, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-10255-2018, 2018. a, b
Varble, A. C., Igel, A. L., Morrison, H., Grabowski, W. W., and Lebo, Z. J.: Opinion: A critical evaluation of the evidence for aerosol invigoration of deep convection, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 13791–13808, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-13791-2023, 2023. a
von Glasow, R. and Crutzen, P. J.: Model study of multiphase DMS oxidation with a focus on halogens, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 4, 589–608, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-4-589-2004, 2004. a
Wang, J., Krejci, R., Giangrande, S., Kuang, C., Barbosa, H. M. J., Brito, J., Carbone, S., Chi, X., Comstock, J., Ditas, F., Lavric, J., Manninen, H. E., Mei, F., Moran-Zuloaga, D., Pöhlker, C., Pöhlker, M. L., Saturno, J., Schmid, B., Souza, R. A. F., Springston, S. R., Tomlinson, J. M., Toto, T., Walter, D., Wimmer, D., Smith, J. N., Kulmala, M., Machado, L. A. T., Artaxo, P., Andreae, M. O., Petäjä, T., and Martin, S. T.: Amazon boundary layer aerosol concentration sustained by vertical transport during rainfall, Nature, 539, 416–419, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature19819, 2016. a, b
Wang, M. and Penner, J. E.: Aerosol indirect forcing in a global model with particle nucleation, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 239–260, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-239-2009, 2009. a
Weigel, R., Borrmann, S., Kazil, J., Minikin, A., Stohl, A., Wilson, J. C., Reeves, J. M., Kunkel, D., de Reus, M., Frey, W., Lovejoy, E. R., Volk, C. M., Viciani, S., D'Amato, F., Schiller, C., Peter, T., Schlager, H., Cairo, F., Law, K. S., Shur, G. N., Belyaev, G. V., and Curtius, J.: In situ observations of new particle formation in the tropical upper troposphere: the role of clouds and the nucleation mechanism, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 9983–10010, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-9983-2011, 2011. a, b
Westervelt, D. M., Pierce, J. R., Riipinen, I., Trivitayanurak, W., Hamed, A., Kulmala, M., Laaksonen, A., Decesari, S., and Adams, P. J.: Formation and growth of nucleated particles into cloud condensation nuclei: model–measurement comparison, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 7645–7663, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-7645-2013, 2013. a
Williamson, C. J., Kupc, A., Axisa, D., Bilsback, K. R., Bui, T., Campuzano-Jost, P., Dollner, M., Froyd, K. D., Hodshire, A. L., Jimenez, J. L., Kodros, J. K., Luo, G., Murphy, D. M., Nault, B. A., Ray, E. A., Weinzierl, B., Wilson, J. C., Yu, F., Yu, P., Pierce, J. R., and Brock, C. A.: A large source of cloud condensation nuclei from new particle formation in the tropics, Nature, 574, 399–403, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1638-9, 2019. a, b
Yáñez-Serrano, A. M., Nölscher, A. C., Bourtsoukidis, E., Gomes Alves, E., Ganzeveld, L., Bonn, B., Wolff, S., Sa, M., Yamasoe, M., Williams, J., Andreae, M. O., and Kesselmeier, J.: Monoterpene chemical speciation in a tropical rainforest:variation with season, height, and time of dayat the Amazon Tall Tower Observatory (ATTO), Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 3403–3418, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-3403-2018, 2018. a, b
Yáñez‐Serrano, A. M., Bourtsoukidis, E., Alves, E. G., Bauwens, M., Stavrakou, T., Llusià, J., Filella, I., Guenther, A., Williams, J., Artaxo, P., Sindelarova, K., Doubalova, J., Kesselmeier, J., and Peñuelas, J.: Amazonian biogenic volatile organic compounds under global change, Global Change Biol., 26, 4722–4751, https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.15185, 2020. a
Yee, L. D., Isaacman-VanWertz, G., Wernis, R. A., Meng, M., Rivera, V., Kreisberg, N. M., Hering, S. V., Bering, M. S., Glasius, M., Upshur, M. A., Gray Bé, A., Thomson, R. J., Geiger, F. M., Offenberg, J. H., Lewandowski, M., Kourtchev, I., Kalberer, M., de Sá, S., Martin, S. T., Alexander, M. L., Palm, B. B., Hu, W., Campuzano-Jost, P., Day, D. A., Jimenez, J. L., Liu, Y., McKinney, K. A., Artaxo, P., Viegas, J., Manzi, A., Oliveira, M. B., de Souza, R., Machado, L. A. T., Longo, K., and Goldstein, A. H.: Observations of sesquiterpenes and their oxidation products in central Amazonia during the wet and dry seasons, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 10433–10457, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-10433-2018, 2018. a
Zhang, Y., Chen, Y., Lambe, A. T., Olson, N. E., Lei, Z., Craig, R. L., Zhang, Z., Gold, A., Onasch, T. B., Jayne, J. T., Worsnop, D. R., Gaston, C. J., Thornton, J. A., Vizuete, W., Ault, A. P., and Surratt, J. D.: Effect of the Aerosol-Phase State on Secondary Organic Aerosol Formation from the Reactive Uptake of Isoprene-Derived Epoxydiols (IEPOX), Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett., 5, 167–174, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.estlett.8b00044, 2018. a
Zhao, B., Shrivastava, M., Donahue, N. M., Gordon, H., Schervish, M., Shilling, J. E., Zaveri, R. A., Wang, J., Andreae, M. O., Zhao, C., Gaudet, B., Liu, Y., Fan, J., and Fast, J. D.: High concentration of ultrafine particles in the Amazon free troposphere produced by organic new particle formation, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. US, 117, 25344–25351, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2006716117, 2020. a, b, c
Short summary
We present measurements of the organic composition of ultrafine particles collected from the eastern Amazon, an understudied region that is subjected to increasing human influence. We find that while isoprene chemistry is likely significant for ultrafine-particle growth throughout the year, compounds related to other sources, such as biological-spore emissions and biomass burning, exhibit striking seasonal differences, implying extensive variation in regional ultrafine-particle sources.
We present measurements of the organic composition of ultrafine particles collected from the...
Altmetrics
Final-revised paper
Preprint