Articles | Volume 25, issue 3
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-1791-2025
© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-1791-2025
© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Post-return stroke VHF electromagnetic activity in north-western Mediterranean cloud-to-ground lightning flashes
Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, 121 16 Prague, Czechia
Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, 141 00 Prague, Czechia
Ivana Kolmašová
Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, 141 00 Prague, Czechia
Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, 121 16 Prague, Czechia
Eric Defer
Laboratoire d'Aérologie, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, OMP, UPS, 314 00 Toulouse, France
Ondřej Santolík
Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, 141 00 Prague, Czechia
Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, 121 16 Prague, Czechia
Stéphane Pédeboy
METEORAGE, 640 00 Pau, France
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This work develops a novel lightning data assimilation (LDA) technique to make use of Meteosat Third Generation (MTG) Lightning Imager (LI) data in a regional, convection-permitting numerical weather prediction model. The approach combines statistical Bayesian and 3-dimensional variational methods. Our LDA can promote missing convection and suppress spurious convection in the initial state of the model, and it has similar skill to the operational radar data assimilation for rainfall forecasts.
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Information about lightning properties is important in order to advance the current understanding of lightning, whereby the characteristics of ground strike points are in particular helpful to improving the risk estimation for lightning protection. High-speed video recordings of 1174 negative downward lightning flashes are taken in different regions around the world and analyzed in terms of flash multiplicity, duration, interstroke intervals and ground strike point properties.
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The lightning flash density is a key input parameter for assessing the risk of occurrence of a lightning strike. Flashes tend to have more than one ground termination point on average; therefore the use of ground strike point densities is more appropriate. The aim of this study is to assess the ability of three distinct ground strike point algorithms to correctly determine the observed ground-truth strike points.
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Short summary
We contribute to understanding differences in lightning flashes of opposite polarity by explaining distinct in-cloud processes after return strokes. Using data from multiple sensors, including individual Lightning Mapping Array stations, we reveal that positive flashes sustain strong high-frequency radiation due to the recharging of their in-cloud leader; this is in contrast to negative flashes, for which this activity declines rapidly.
We contribute to understanding differences in lightning flashes of opposite polarity by...
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