Articles | Volume 22, issue 3
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-2173-2022
© Author(s) 2022. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-2173-2022
© Author(s) 2022. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
16 Feb 2022
Research article |
| 16 Feb 2022
| 16 Feb 2022
Atmospheric oxidation capacity and ozone pollution mechanism in a coastal city of southeastern China: analysis of a typical photochemical episode by an observation-based model
Taotao Liu
Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Institute
of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, China
Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban
Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, China
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
Youwei Hong
Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Institute
of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, China
Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban
Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, China
Mengren Li
Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Institute
of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, China
Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban
Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, China
Lingling Xu
Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Institute
of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, China
Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban
Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, China
Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Institute
of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, China
Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban
Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, China
Yahui Bian
Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Institute
of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, China
Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban
Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, China
Chen Yang
Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Institute
of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, China
Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban
Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, China
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
Yangbin Dan
Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Institute
of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, China
Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban
Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, China
Yingnan Zhang
Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong,
China
Likun Xue
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong,
China
Min Zhao
Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong,
China
Zhi Huang
Xiamen Institute of Environmental Science, Xiamen, China
Hong Wang
Fujian Meteorological Science Institute, Fujian Key Laboratory of
Severe Weather, Fuzhou, China
Related authors
Jiayan Shi, Yuping Chen, Lingling Xu, Youwei Hong, Mengren Li, Xiaolong Fan, Liqian Yin, Yanting Chen, Chen Yang, Gaojie Chen, Taotao Liu, Xiaoting Ji, and Jinsheng Chen
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 11187–11202, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-11187-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-11187-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Gaseous elemental mercury (GEM) was observed in Southeast China over the period 2012–2020. The observed GEM concentrations showed no distinct inter-annual variation trends. The interpretation rate of transportation and meteorology on GEM variations displayed an increasing trend. In contrast, anthropogenic emissions have shown a decreasing interpretation rate since 2012, indicating the effectiveness of emission mitigation measures in reducing GEM concentrations in the study region.
Youwei Hong, Xinbei Xu, Dan Liao, Taotao Liu, Xiaoting Ji, Ke Xu, Chunyang Liao, Ting Wang, Chunshui Lin, and Jinsheng Chen
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 7827–7841, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-7827-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-7827-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Secondary organic aerosol (SOA) simulation remains uncertain, due to the unknown SOA formation mechanisms. Aerosol samples with a 4 h time resolution were collected, along with online measurements of aerosol chemical compositions and meteorological parameters. We found that anthropogenic emissions, atmospheric oxidation capacity and halogen chemistry have significant effects on the formation of biogenic SOA (BSOA). The findings of this study are helpful to better explore the missed SOA sources.
Taotao Liu, Yiling Lin, Jinsheng Chen, Gaojie Chen, Chen Yang, Lingling Xu, Mengren Li, Xiaolong Fan, Yanting Chen, Liqian Yin, Yuping Chen, Xiaoting Ji, Ziyi Lin, Fuwang Zhang, Hong Wang, and Youwei Hong
Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2022-292, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2022-292, 2022
Revised manuscript not accepted
Short summary
Short summary
Field observations and models analysis were carried out in a coastal city to study HCHO formation mechanism and its impacts on photochemistry. HCHO contributed to atmospheric oxidation by around 10 %, reflecting its significance in photochemistry. Disabling HCHO mechanism made net O3 production rates decrease by 31 %, which were dominated by the reductions of pathways relating to radical reactions, indicating the HCHO affected O3 mainly by controlling the efficiencies of radical propagation.
Taotao Liu, Gaojie Chen, Jinsheng Chen, Lingling Xu, Mengren Li, Youwei Hong, Yanting Chen, Xiaoting Ji, Chen Yang, Yuping Chen, Weiguo Huang, Quanjia Huang, and Hong Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 4339–4353, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-4339-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-4339-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We clarified the seasonal variations of PAN pollution, influencing factors, its mechanisms, and impacts on O3 based on OBM and GAM models. PAN presented inhibition and promotion effects on O3 under low and high ROx levels. Monitoring of PAN and its precursors, and the quantification of its impacts on O3 formation, significantly guide photochemical pollution control. The analysis methods used in this study provide a reference for study of the formation mechanisms of PAN and O3 in other regions.
Zhenze Liu, Jianhua Qi, Yuanzhe Ni, Likun Xue, and Xiaohuan Liu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 8719–8742, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-8719-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-8719-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Our research investigated nitrate formation in air pollution across inland and coastal cities in northern China during the winters of 2013 and 2018. Using air quality models and isotopic analysis, we identified regional differences, with coastal cities showing more contribution from the dinitrogen pentoxide (N2O5) heterogeneous reaction. Reducing nitrogen oxides (NOx), volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and ammonia (NH3) was crucial for lowering nitrate levels and improving air quality.
Yuping Chen, Lingling Xu, Xiaolong Fan, Ziyi Lin, Chen Yang, Gaojie Chen, Ronghua Zheng, Youwei Hong, Mengren Li, Yanru Zhang, and Jinsheng Chen
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-2042, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-2042, 2025
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (ACP).
Short summary
Short summary
This study investigates the molecular characteristics and chemical evolution of organic aerosol (OA) in contrasting urban and seaside environments by offline Chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometry. Urban OA was enriched in aromatic species, while seaside OA featured aliphatic and highly oxidized compounds. Marine-influenced humid air masses, combined with active photochemical conditions, promoted aqueous-phase OA formation, leading to higher oxidation states, particularly at the seaside site.
Min Li, Xinfeng Wang, Tianshuai Li, Yujia Wang, Yueru Jiang, Yujiao Zhu, Wei Nie, Rui Li, Jian Gao, Likun Xue, Qingzhu Zhang, and Wenxing Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 8407–8425, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-8407-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-8407-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
By integrating field measurements with an interpretable ensemble machine learning framework, we comprehensively identified key driving factors of nitro-aromatic compounds (NACs), demonstrated complex interrelationships, and quantified their contributions across different locations. This work provides a reliable modeling approach for recognizing causes of NAC pollution, enhances our understanding of variations of atmospheric NACs, and highlights the necessity of strengthening emission controls.
Gaojie Chen, Xiaolong Fan, Haichao Wang, Yee Jun Tham, Ziyi Lin, Xiaoting Ji, Lingling Xu, Baoye Hu, and Jinsheng Chen
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 7815–7828, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-7815-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-7815-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Our study revealed that the nighttime heterogeneous dinitrogen pentoxide (N2O5) uptake process was the major contributor of nitryl chloride (ClNO2) sources, while nitrate photolysis may promote the elevation of daytime ClNO2 concentrations. The rates of alkane oxidation by chlorine (Cl) radical in the early morning exceeded those by OH radical, significantly promoted the formation of ROx and ozone (O3), and further enhanced the atmospheric oxidation capacity levels.
Yue Sun, Yujiao Zhu, Hengde Liu, Lanxiadi Chen, Hongyong Li, Yujian Bi, Di Wu, Xiangkun Yin, Can Cui, Ping Liu, Yu Yang, Jisheng Zhang, Yanqiu Nie, Lanxin Zhang, Jiangshan Mu, Yuhong Liu, Zhaoxin Guo, Qinyi Li, Yuqiang Zhang, Xinfeng Wang, Mingjin Tang, Wenxing Wang, and Likun Xue
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-2855, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-2855, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Rainwater samples collected at the summit of Mount Tai were analyzed for ice-nucleating particles (INPs). Our findings revealed that INP concentrations peaked in spring, driven predominantly by long-range transport of dust aerosols. Mineral dust contributed 43.6 % of annual INPs, with its contribution rising sharply to 71.7 % in spring. Satellite observations further revealed that the long-range transport of dust in spring promotes large-scale cloud formation over the NCP region.
Yujia Wang, Hongbin Wang, Bo Zhang, Peng Liu, Xinfeng Wang, Shuchun Si, Likun Xue, Qingzhu Zhang, and Qiao Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 5537–5555, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-5537-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-5537-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
This study established a bottom-up approach that employs real-time traffic flows and interpolation to obtain a spatially continuous on-road vehicle emission mapping for the main urban area of Jinan. The diurnal variation, spatial distribution, and emission hotspots were analyzed with clustering and hotspot analysis, showing unique fine-scale variation characteristics of on-road vehicle emissions. Future scenario analysis demonstrates remarkable benefits of electrification on emission reduction.
Bin Luo, Yuqiang Zhang, Tao Tang, Hongliang Zhang, Jianlin Hu, Jiangshan Mu, Wenxing Wang, and Likun Xue
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 4767–4783, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-4767-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-4767-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
India is facing a severe air pollution crisis that poses significant health risks, particularly from PM2.5 and O3. Our study reveals rising levels of both pollutants from 1995 to 2014, leading to increased premature mortality. While anthropogenic emissions play a significant role, biomass burning also impacts air quality, in particular seasons and regions in India. This study underscores the urgent need for localized policies to protect public health amid escalating environmental challenges.
Lingjun Li, Mengren Li, Xiaolong Fan, Yuping Chen, Ziyi Lin, Anqi Hou, Siqing Zhang, Ronghua Zheng, and Jinsheng Chen
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 3669–3685, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-3669-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-3669-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Here, we show differences and variations in the aerosol scattering hygroscopic growth factor (f(RH)) between new particle formation (NPF) and non-NPF days and the effect of aerosol chemical compositions on f(RH) in Xiamen with in situ observations. The findings are helpful for the further understanding of aerosol hygroscopicity in a coastal city and the use of hygroscopic growth factors in models of air quality and climate change.
Haibiao Chen, Caiqing Yan, Liubin Huang, Lin Du, Yang Yue, Xinfeng Wang, Qingcai Chen, Mingjie Xie, Junwen Liu, Fengwen Wang, Shuhong Fang, Qiaoyun Yang, Hongya Niu, Mei Zheng, Yan Wu, and Likun Xue
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 3647–3667, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-3647-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-3647-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
A comprehensive understanding of the optical properties of brown carbon (BrC) is essential to accurately assess its climatic effects. Based on multi-site spectroscopic measurements, this study demonstrated the significant spatial heterogeneity in the optical and structural properties of water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC) in different regions of China and revealed factors affecting WSOC light absorption and the relationship between fluorophores and light absorption of WSOC.
Baoye Hu, Naihua Chen, Rui Li, Mingqiang Huang, Jinsheng Chen, Youwei Hong, Lingling Xu, Xiaolong Fan, Mengren Li, Lei Tong, Qiuping Zheng, and Yuxiang Yang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 905–921, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-905-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-905-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Box modeling with the Master Chemical Mechanism (MCM) was used to explore summertime peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN) formation and its link to aerosol pollution under high-ozone conditions. The MCM model is effective in the study of PAN photochemical formation and performed better during the clean period than the haze period. Machine learning analysis identified ammonia, nitrate, and fine particulate matter as the top three factors contributing to simulation bias.
Ke Li, Rong Tan, Wenhao Qiao, Taegyung Lee, Yufen Wang, Danyuting Zhang, Minglong Tang, Wenqing Zhao, Yixuan Gu, Shaojia Fan, Jinqiang Zhang, Xiaopu Lyu, Likun Xue, Jianming Xu, Zhiqiang Ma, Mohd Talib Latif, Teerachai Amnuaylojaroen, Junsu Gil, Mee-Hye Lee, Juseon Bak, Joowan Kim, Hong Liao, Yugo Kanaya, Xiao Lu, Tatsuya Nagashima, and Ja-Ho Koo
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3756, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3756, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
East Asia and Southeast Asia has been identified as a global hot spot with the fastest ozone increase. This paper presents the most comprehensive observational view of ozone distributions and evolution over East Asia and Southeast Asia across different spatiotemporal scales in the past two decades, which will have important implications for assessing ozone impacts on public health and crop yields, and for developing future ozone control strategies.
Zizhen Han, Yuqiang Zhang, Zhou Liu, Kexin Zhang, Zhuyi Wang, Bin Luo, Likun Xue, and Xinfeng Wang
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2951, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2951, 2024
Preprint archived
Short summary
Short summary
During the COVID-19 lockdown, changes in air pollutants offered a real-world test of emission reductions. JPL’s chemical reanalysis data showed a general decrease in CO, NO2, O3, and nitrate aerosols across most African countries, but an increase in SO2, sulfate aerosols, and O3 in Southern Africa during winter. We concluded that air quality changes are influenced by both natural and anthropogenic factors, emphasizing the need for stricter emission standards and clean energy promotion in Africa.
Hongyong Li, Xiaopu Lyu, Likun Xue, Yunxi Huo, Dawen Yao, Haoxian Lu, and Hai Guo
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 7085–7100, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-7085-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-7085-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Organic aerosol is ubiquitous in the atmosphere and largely explains the gap between current levels of fine particulate matter in many cities and the World Health Organization guideline values. This study highlights the dominant contributions of cooking emissions to organic aerosol when marine air prevailed in Hong Kong, which were occasionally overwhelmed by aromatics-derived secondary organic aerosol in continental ouflows.
Wei Sun, Xiaodong Hu, Yuzhen Fu, Guohua Zhang, Yujiao Zhu, Xinfeng Wang, Caiqing Yan, Likun Xue, He Meng, Bin Jiang, Yuhong Liao, Xinming Wang, Ping'an Peng, and Xinhui Bi
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 6987–6999, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-6987-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-6987-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The formation pathways of nitrogen-containing compounds (NOCs) in the atmosphere remain unclear. We investigated the composition of aerosols and fog water by state-of-the-art mass spectrometry and compared the formation pathways of NOCs. We found that NOCs in aerosols were mainly formed through nitration reaction, while ammonia addition played a more important role in fog water. The results deepen our understanding of the processes of organic particulate pollution.
Yue Sun, Yujiao Zhu, Yanbin Qi, Lanxiadi Chen, Jiangshan Mu, Ye Shan, Yu Yang, Yanqiu Nie, Ping Liu, Can Cui, Ji Zhang, Mingxuan Liu, Lingli Zhang, Yufei Wang, Xinfeng Wang, Mingjin Tang, Wenxing Wang, and Likun Xue
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 3241–3256, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-3241-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-3241-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Field observations were conducted at the summit of Changbai Mountain in northeast Asia. The cumulative number concentration of ice-nucleating particles (INPs) varied from 1.6 × 10−3 to 78.3 L−1 over the temperature range of −5.5 to −29.0 ℃. Biological INPs (bio-INPs) accounted for the majority of INPs, and the proportion exceeded 90% above −13.0 ℃. Planetary boundary layer height, valley breezes, and long-distance transport of air mass influence the abundance of bio-INPs.
Xuelian Zhong, Hengqing Shen, Min Zhao, Ji Zhang, Yue Sun, Yuhong Liu, Yingnan Zhang, Ye Shan, Hongyong Li, Jiangshan Mu, Yu Yang, Yanqiu Nie, Jinghao Tang, Can Dong, Xinfeng Wang, Yujiao Zhu, Mingzhi Guo, Wenxing Wang, and Likun Xue
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 14761–14778, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-14761-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-14761-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Nitrous acid (HONO) is vital for atmospheric oxidation. In research at Mount Lao, China, models revealed a significant unidentified marine HONO source. Overlooking this could skew our understanding of air quality and climate change. This finding emphasizes HONO’s importance in the coastal atmosphere, uncovering previously unnoticed interactions.
Youwei Hong, Keran Zhang, Dan Liao, Gaojie Chen, Min Zhao, Yiling Lin, Xiaoting Ji, Ke Xu, Yu Wu, Ruilian Yu, Gongren Hu, Sung-Deuk Choi, Likun Xue, and Jinsheng Chen
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 10795–10807, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-10795-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-10795-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Particle uptakes of HCHO and the impacts on PM2.5 and O3 production remain highly uncertain. Based on the investigation of co-occurring wintertime O3 and PM2.5 pollution in a coastal city of southeast China, we found enhanced heterogeneous formation of hydroxymethanesulfonate (HMS) and increased ROx concentrations and net O3 production rates. The findings of this study are helpful to better explore the mechanisms of key precursors for co-occurring PM2.5 and O3 pollution.
Jiayan Shi, Yuping Chen, Lingling Xu, Youwei Hong, Mengren Li, Xiaolong Fan, Liqian Yin, Yanting Chen, Chen Yang, Gaojie Chen, Taotao Liu, Xiaoting Ji, and Jinsheng Chen
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 11187–11202, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-11187-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-11187-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Gaseous elemental mercury (GEM) was observed in Southeast China over the period 2012–2020. The observed GEM concentrations showed no distinct inter-annual variation trends. The interpretation rate of transportation and meteorology on GEM variations displayed an increasing trend. In contrast, anthropogenic emissions have shown a decreasing interpretation rate since 2012, indicating the effectiveness of emission mitigation measures in reducing GEM concentrations in the study region.
Youwei Hong, Xinbei Xu, Dan Liao, Taotao Liu, Xiaoting Ji, Ke Xu, Chunyang Liao, Ting Wang, Chunshui Lin, and Jinsheng Chen
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 7827–7841, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-7827-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-7827-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Secondary organic aerosol (SOA) simulation remains uncertain, due to the unknown SOA formation mechanisms. Aerosol samples with a 4 h time resolution were collected, along with online measurements of aerosol chemical compositions and meteorological parameters. We found that anthropogenic emissions, atmospheric oxidation capacity and halogen chemistry have significant effects on the formation of biogenic SOA (BSOA). The findings of this study are helpful to better explore the missed SOA sources.
Taotao Liu, Yiling Lin, Jinsheng Chen, Gaojie Chen, Chen Yang, Lingling Xu, Mengren Li, Xiaolong Fan, Yanting Chen, Liqian Yin, Yuping Chen, Xiaoting Ji, Ziyi Lin, Fuwang Zhang, Hong Wang, and Youwei Hong
Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2022-292, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2022-292, 2022
Revised manuscript not accepted
Short summary
Short summary
Field observations and models analysis were carried out in a coastal city to study HCHO formation mechanism and its impacts on photochemistry. HCHO contributed to atmospheric oxidation by around 10 %, reflecting its significance in photochemistry. Disabling HCHO mechanism made net O3 production rates decrease by 31 %, which were dominated by the reductions of pathways relating to radical reactions, indicating the HCHO affected O3 mainly by controlling the efficiencies of radical propagation.
Han Zang, Yue Zhao, Juntao Huo, Qianbiao Zhao, Qingyan Fu, Yusen Duan, Jingyuan Shao, Cheng Huang, Jingyu An, Likun Xue, Ziyue Li, Chenxi Li, and Huayun Xiao
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 4355–4374, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-4355-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-4355-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Particulate nitrate plays an important role in wintertime haze pollution in eastern China, yet quantitative constraints on detailed nitrate formation mechanisms remain limited. Here we quantified the contributions of the heterogeneous N2O5 hydrolysis (66 %) and gas-phase OH + NO2 reaction (32 %) to nitrate formation in this region and identified the atmospheric oxidation capacity (i.e., availability of O3 and OH radicals) as the driving factor of nitrate formation from both processes.
Taotao Liu, Gaojie Chen, Jinsheng Chen, Lingling Xu, Mengren Li, Youwei Hong, Yanting Chen, Xiaoting Ji, Chen Yang, Yuping Chen, Weiguo Huang, Quanjia Huang, and Hong Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 4339–4353, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-4339-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-4339-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We clarified the seasonal variations of PAN pollution, influencing factors, its mechanisms, and impacts on O3 based on OBM and GAM models. PAN presented inhibition and promotion effects on O3 under low and high ROx levels. Monitoring of PAN and its precursors, and the quantification of its impacts on O3 formation, significantly guide photochemical pollution control. The analysis methods used in this study provide a reference for study of the formation mechanisms of PAN and O3 in other regions.
Chaoyang Xue, Can Ye, Jörg Kleffmann, Chenglong Zhang, Valéry Catoire, Fengxia Bao, Abdelwahid Mellouki, Likun Xue, Jianmin Chen, Keding Lu, Yong Zhao, Hengde Liu, Zhaoxin Guo, and Yujing Mu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 3149–3167, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-3149-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-3149-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Summertime measurements of nitrous acid (HONO) and related parameters were conducted at the foot and the summit of Mt. Tai (1534 m above sea level). We proposed a rapid vertical air mass exchange between the foot and the summit level, which enhances the role of HONO in the oxidizing capacity of the upper boundary layer. Kinetics for aerosol-derived HONO sources were constrained. HONO formation from different paths was quantified and discussed.
Baoye Hu, Jun Duan, Youwei Hong, Lingling Xu, Mengren Li, Yahui Bian, Min Qin, Wu Fang, Pinhua Xie, and Jinsheng Chen
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 371–393, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-371-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-371-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
There has been a lack of research into HONO in coastal cities with low concentrations of PM2.5, but strong sunlight and high humidity. Insufficient research on coastal cities with good air quality has resulted in certain obstacles to assessing the photochemical processes in these areas. Furthermore, HONO contributes to the atmospheric photochemistry depending on the season. Therefore, observations of HONO across four seasons in the southeastern coastal area of China are urgently needed.
Lingling Xu, Jiayan Shi, Yuping Chen, Yanru Zhang, Mengrong Yang, Yanting Chen, Liqian Yin, Lei Tong, Hang Xiao, and Jinsheng Chen
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 18543–18555, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-18543-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-18543-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Mercury (Hg) isotopic compositions in aerosols are the mixed results of emission sources and atmospheric processes. This study presents Hg isotopic compositions in PM2.5 from different types of locations and total Hg from offshore surface seawater. The results indicate that atmospheric transformations induce significant mass independent fractionation of Hg isotopes, which obscures Hg isotopic signatures of initial emissions.
Zhixiong Chen, Jane Liu, Xugeng Cheng, Mengmiao Yang, and Hong Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 16911–16923, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-16911-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-16911-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Using a large ensemble of typhoons, we investigate the impacts of evolving typhoons on tropospheric ozone and address the linkages between typhoon-affected meteorological conditions and ozone variations. The influences of typhoon-induced stratospheric intrusions on lower-troposphere ozone are also quantified. Thus, the results obtained in this study have important implications for a full understanding of the multifaced roles of typhoons in modulating tropospheric ozone variation.
Men Xia, Xiang Peng, Weihao Wang, Chuan Yu, Zhe Wang, Yee Jun Tham, Jianmin Chen, Hui Chen, Yujing Mu, Chenglong Zhang, Pengfei Liu, Likun Xue, Xinfeng Wang, Jian Gao, Hong Li, and Tao Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 15985–16000, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-15985-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-15985-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
ClNO2 is an important precursor of chlorine radical that affects photochemistry. However, its production and impact are not well understood. Our study presents field observations of ClNO2 at three sites in northern China. These observations provide new insights into nighttime processes that produce ClNO2 and the significant impact of ClNO2 on secondary pollutions during daytime. The results improve the understanding of photochemical pollution in the lower part of the atmosphere.
Yingnan Zhang, Likun Xue, William P. L. Carter, Chenglei Pei, Tianshu Chen, Jiangshan Mu, Yujun Wang, Qingzhu Zhang, and Wenxing Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 11053–11068, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-11053-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-11053-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We developed the localized incremental reactivity (IR) for VOCs in a Chinese megacity and elucidated their applications in calculating the ozone formation potential (OFP). The IR scales showed a strong dependence on chemical mechanisms. Both emission- and observation-based inputs are suitable for the MIR calculation but not the case under mixed-limited or NOx-limited O3 formation regimes. We provide suggestions for the application of IR and OFP scales to aid in VOC control in China.
Yujiao Zhu, Likun Xue, Jian Gao, Jianmin Chen, Hongyong Li, Yong Zhao, Zhaoxin Guo, Tianshu Chen, Liang Wen, Penggang Zheng, Ye Shan, Xinfeng Wang, Tao Wang, Xiaohong Yao, and Wenxing Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 1305–1323, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-1305-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-1305-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
This work investigates the long-term changes in new particle formation (NPF) events under reduced SO2 emissions at the summit of Mt. Tai during seven campaigns from 2007 to 2018. We found the NPF intensity increased 2- to 3-fold in 2018 compared to 2007. In contrast, the probability of new particles growing to CCN size largely decreased. Changes to biogenic VOCs and anthropogenic emissions are proposed to explain the distinct NPF characteristics.
Jiarong Li, Chao Zhu, Hui Chen, Defeng Zhao, Likun Xue, Xinfeng Wang, Hongyong Li, Pengfei Liu, Junfeng Liu, Chenglong Zhang, Yujing Mu, Wenjin Zhang, Luming Zhang, Hartmut Herrmann, Kai Li, Min Liu, and Jianmin Chen
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 13735–13751, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-13735-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-13735-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Based on a field study at Mt. Tai, China, the simultaneous variations of cloud microphysics, aerosol microphysics and their potential interactions during cloud life cycles were discussed. Results demonstrated that clouds on clean days were more susceptible to the concentrations of particle number, while clouds formed on polluted days might be more sensitive to meteorological parameters. Particles larger than 150 nm played important roles in forming cloud droplets with sizes of 5–10 μm.
Ying Jiang, Likun Xue, Rongrong Gu, Mengwei Jia, Yingnan Zhang, Liang Wen, Penggang Zheng, Tianshu Chen, Hongyong Li, Ye Shan, Yong Zhao, Zhaoxin Guo, Yujian Bi, Hengde Liu, Aijun Ding, Qingzhu Zhang, and Wenxing Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 12115–12131, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-12115-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-12115-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
We analyzed the characteristics and sources of HONO in the upper boundary layer and lower free troposphere in the North China Plain, based on the field measurements at Mount Tai. Higher-than-expected levels and broad daytime peaks of HONO were observed. Without presence of ground surfaces, aerosol surface plays a key role in the heterogeneous HONO formation at high altitudes. Models without additional HONO sources largely
underestimatedthe oxidation processes in the elevation atmospheres.
Baoye Hu, Jun Duan, Youwei Hong, Lingling Xu, Mengren Li, Yahui Bian, Min Qin, Wu Fang, Pinhua Xie, and Jinsheng Chen
Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2020-880, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2020-880, 2020
Revised manuscript not accepted
Short summary
Short summary
There has been a lack of research into HONO in coastal cities with low concentrations of NOx and PM2.5, but strong sunlight and high humidity. Insufficient research on coastal cities with good air quality has resulted in certain obstacles to assessing the photochemical processes in these areas. Furthermore, HONO contributes to the atmospheric photochemistry depending on the season. Therefore, observations of HONO across four seasons in the southeastern coastal area of China are urgently needed.
Cited articles
Acker, K., Möller, D., Wieprecht, W., Auel, R., Kalaß, D., and
Tscherwenka, W.: Nitrous and nitric acid measurements inside and outside of
clouds at Mt. Brocken, Water Air Soil Pollut., 130, 331–336, 2001.
Chang, L., Xu, J., Tie, X., and Gao, W.: The impact of Climate Change on the
Western Pacific Subtropical High and the related ozone pollution in
Shanghai, China, Sci. Rep.-UK, 9, 16998, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-53103-7, 2019.
Chen, T., Xue, L., Zheng, P., Zhang, Y., Liu, Y., Sun, J., Han, G., Li, H., Zhang, X., Li, Y., Li, H., Dong, C., Xu, F., Zhang, Q., and Wang, W.: Volatile organic compounds and ozone air pollution in an oil production region in northern China, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 7069–7086, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-7069-2020, 2020.
Deng, J., Guo, H., Zhang, H., Zhu, J., Wang, X., and Fu, P.: Source apportionment of black carbon aerosols from light absorption observation and source-oriented modeling: an implication in a coastal city in China, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 14419–14435, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-14419-2020, 2020.
Edwards, P. M., Young, C. J., Aikin, K., deGouw, J., Dubé, W. P., Geiger, F., Gilman, J., Helmig, D., Holloway, J. S., Kercher, J., Lerner, B., Martin, R., McLaren, R., Parrish, D. D., Peischl, J., Roberts, J. M., Ryerson, T. B., Thornton, J., Warneke, C., Williams, E. J., and Brown, S. S.: Ozone photochemistry in an oil and natural gas extraction region during winter: simulations of a snow-free season in the Uintah Basin, Utah, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 8955–8971, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-8955-2013, 2013.
Edwards, P. M., Brown, S. S., Roberts, J. M., Ahmadov, R., Banta, R. M.,
Degouw, J. A., Dubé, W. P., Field, R. A., Flynn, J. H., Gilman, J. B.,
and Graus, M.: High winter ozone pollution from carbonyl photolysis in an
oil and gas basin, Nature, 514, 351, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature13767,
2014.
Eisele, F. L., Mount, G. H., Tanner, D., Jefferson, A., Shetter, R., Harder,
J. W., and Williams, E. J.: Understanding the production and interconversion
of the hydroxyl radical during the Tropospheric OH Photochemistry
Experiment, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 6457–6465, 1997.
Elshorbany, Y. F., Kurtenbach, R., Wiesen, P., Lissi, E., Rubio, M., Villena, G., Gramsch, E., Rickard, A. R., Pilling, M. J., and Kleffmann, J.: Oxidation capacity of the city air of Santiago, Chile, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 2257–2273, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-2257-2009, 2009.
Emmerson, K. M., Carslaw, N., and Pilling, M. J.: Urban Atmospheric
Chemistry During the PUMA Campaign 2: Radical Budgets for OH, HO2 and
RO2, J. Atmos. Chem., 52, 165–183, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10874-005-1323-2, 2005.
Fowler, D., Pilegaard, K., Sutton, M. A., Ambus, P., Raivonen, M., Duyzer,
J., Simpson, D., Fagerli, H., Fuzzi, S., Schjoerring, J. K., Granier, C.,
Neftel, A., Isaksen, I. S. A., Laj, P., Maione, M., Monks, P. S., Burkhardt,
J., Daemmgen, U., Neirynck, J., Personne, E., Wichink-Kruit, R.,
Butterbach-Bahl, K., Flechard, C., Tuovinen, J. P., Coyle, M., Gerosa, G.,
Loubet, B., Altimir, N., Gruenhage, L., Ammann, C., Cieslik, S., Paoletti,
E., Mikkelsen, T. N., Ro-Poulsen, H., Cellier, P., Cape, J. N., Horváth,
L., Loreto, F., Niinemets, Ü., Palmer, P. I., Rinne, J., Misztal, P.,
Nemitz, E., Nilsson, D., Pryor, S., Gallagher, M. W., Vesala, T., Skiba, U.,
Brüggemann, N., Zechmeister-Boltenstern, S., Williams, J., O'Dowd, C.,
Facchini, M. C., de Leeuw, G., Flossman, A., Chaumerliac, N., and Erisman,
J. W.: Atmospheric composition change: Ecosystems–Atmosphere interactions,
Atmos. Environ., 43, 5193–5267, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2009.07.068, 2009.
George, L. A., Hard, T. M., and O'Brien, R. J.: Measurement of free radicals
OH and HO2 in Los Angeles smog, J. Geophys. Res., 104, 11643–11655,
1999.
Geyer, A., Alicke, B., Konrad, S., Schmitz, T., Stutz, J., and Platt, U.:
Chemistry and oxidation capacity of the nitrate radical in the continental
boundary layer near Berlin, J. Geophys. Res., 106, 8013–8025,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2000jd900681, 2001.
Gong, C. and Liao, H.: A typical weather pattern for ozone pollution events in North China, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 13725–13740, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-13725-2019, 2019.
Hansen, R. F., Griffith, S. M., Dusanter, S., Gilman, J., Graus, M., Kuster, W., Veres, P., Gouw, J. D., Warneke, C., Washenfelder, R., Young, C. J., Brown, S. S., Alvarez, S., Flynn, J. H., Grossberg, N., Lefer, B., Rappenglueck, B., and Stevens, P.: Measurements of Total OH Reactivity During CalNex-LA, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 126, e2020JD032988, https://doi.org/10.1029/2020JD032988, 2021.
Hofzumahaus, A., Rohrer, F., Lu, K. D., Bohn, B., Brauers, T., Chang, C. C.,
Fuchs, H., Holland, F., Kita, K., Kondo, Y., Li, X., Lou, S. R., Shao, M.,
Zeng, L. M., Wahner, A., and Zhang, Y. H.: Amplified Trace Gas Removal in
the Troposphere, Science, 324, 1702–1704, 2009.
Hu, B., Liu, T., Hong, Y., Xu, L., Li, M., Wu, X., Wang, H., Chen, J., and
Chen, J.: Characteristics of peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN) in a coastal city of
southeastern China: Photochemical mechanism and pollution process, Sci. Total
Environ., 719, 137493, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137493, 2020.
Hu, B., Duan, J., Hong, Y., Xu, L., Li, M., Bian, Y., Qin, M., Fang, W., Xie, P., and Chen, J.: Exploration of the atmospheric chemistry of nitrous acid in a coastal city of southeastern China: results from measurements across four seasons, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 371–393, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-371-2022, 2022.
Hua, J., Zhang, Y., de Foy, B., Shang, J., Schauer, J. J., Mei, X.,
Sulaymon, I. D., and Han, T.: Quantitative estimation of meteorological
impacts and the COVID-19 lockdown reductions on NO2 and PM2.5 over
the Beijing area using Generalized Additive Models (GAM), J. Environ. Manage.,
291, 112676, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.112676, 2021.
Jenkin, M. E., Saunders, S. M., Wagner, V., and Pilling, M. J.: Protocol for the development of the Master Chemical Mechanism, MCM v3 (Part B): tropospheric degradation of aromatic volatile organic compounds, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 3, 181–193, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-3-181-2003, 2003.
Jiang, Y., Xue, L., Gu, R., Jia, M., Zhang, Y., Wen, L., Zheng, P., Chen, T., Li, H., Shan, Y., Zhao, Y., Guo, Z., Bi, Y., Liu, H., Ding, A., Zhang, Q., and Wang, W.: Sources of nitrous acid (HONO) in the upper boundary layer and lower free troposphere of the North China Plain: insights from the Mount Tai Observatory, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 12115–12131, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-12115-2020, 2020.
Kanaya, Y., Matsumoto, J., Kato, S., and Akimoto, H.: Behavior of OH and
HO2 radicals during the Observations at a Remote Island of Okinawa
(ORION99) field campaign 2. Comparison between observations and
calculations, J. Geophys. Res., 106, 24209–24223, 2001.
Kanaya, Y., Cao, R. Q., Akimoto, H., Fukuda, M., Komazaki, Y., Yokouchi, Y.,
Koike, M., Tanimoto, H., Takegawa, N., and Kondo, Y.: Urban photochemistry
in central Tokyo: 1. Observed and modeled OH and HO2 radical
concentrations during the winter and summer of 2004, J. Geophys. Res., 112,
D21312, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007JD008670, 2007.
Kovacs, T. A., Brune, W. H., Harder, H., Martinez, M., Simpas, J. B., Frost,
G. J., Williams, E., Jobson, T., Stroud, C., Young, V., Fried, A., and Wert,
B.: Direct measurements of urban OH reactivity during Nashville SOS in
summer 1999, J. Environ. Monitor., 5, 68–74, https://doi.org/10.1039/b204339d, 2003.
Li, Z., Xue, L., Yang, X., Zha, Q., Tham, Y. J., Yan, C., Louie, P. K. K.,
Luk, C. W. Y., Wang, T., and Wang, W.: Oxidizing capacity of the rural
atmosphere in Hong Kong, Southern China, Sci. Total Environ., 612, 1114–1122,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.08.310, 2018.
Lin, H., Wang, M., Duan, Y., Fu, Q., Ji, W., Cui, H., Jin, D., Lin, Y., and
Hu, K.: O3 Sensitivity and Contributions of Different NMHC Sources in
O3 Formation at Urban and Suburban Sites in Shanghai, Atmosphere, 11,
295, https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos11030295, 2020.
Ling, Z., Zhao, J., Fan, S., and Wang, X.: Sources of formaldehyde and their
contributions to photochemical O3 formation at an urban site in the
Pearl River Delta, southern China, Chemosphere, 168, 1293–1301,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.11.140, 2017.
Liu, J., Wang, L., Li, M., Liao, Z., Sun, Y., Song, T., Gao, W., Wang, Y., Li, Y., Ji, D., Hu, B., Kerminen, V.-M., Wang, Y., and Kulmala, M.: Quantifying the impact of synoptic circulation patterns on ozone variability in northern China from April to October 2013–2017, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 14477–14492, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-14477-2019, 2019.
Liu, T., Hu, B., Xu, X., Hong, Y., Zhang, Y., Wu, X., Xu, L., Li, M., Chen,
Y., Chen, X., and Chen, J.: Characteristics of PM2.5-bound secondary
organic aerosol tracers in a coastal city in Southeastern China: Seasonal
patterns and pollution identification, Atmos. Environ., 237, 117710,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2020.117710, 2020a.
Liu, T., Hu, B., Yang, Y., Li, M., Hong, Y., Xu, X., Xu, L., Chen, N., Chen,
Y., Xiao, H., and Chen, J.: Characteristics and source apportionment of
PM2.5 on an island in Southeast China: Impact of sea-salt and monsoon,
Atmos. Res., 235, 104786, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2019.104786, 2020b.
Liu, X., Lyu, X., Wang, Y., Jiang, F., and Guo, H.: Intercomparison of O3 formation and radical chemistry in the past decade at a suburban site in Hong Kong, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 5127–5145, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-5127-2019, 2019.
Liu, X., Wang, N., Lyu, X., Zeren, Y., Jiang, F., Wang, X., Zou, S., Ling,
Z., and Guo, H.: Photochemistry of ozone pollution in autumn in Pearl River
Estuary, South China, Sci. Total Environ., 754, 141812,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141812, 2020.
Liu, Z., Wang, Y., Gu, D., Zhao, C., Huey, L. G., Stickel, R., Liao, J., Shao, M., Zhu, T., Zeng, L., Amoroso, A., Costabile, F., Chang, C.-C., and Liu, S.-C.: Summertime photochemistry during CAREBeijing-2007: ROx budgets and O3 formation, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 7737–7752, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-7737-2012, 2012.
Lou, S., Holland, F., Rohrer, F., Lu, K., Bohn, B., Brauers, T., Chang, C. C., Fuchs, H., Häseler, R., Kita, K., Kondo, Y., Li, X., Shao, M., Zeng, L., Wahner, A., Zhang, Y., Wang, W., and Hofzumahaus, A.: Atmospheric OH reactivities in the Pearl River Delta – China in summer 2006: measurement and model results, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 11243–11260, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-11243-2010, 2010.
Lu, X., Hong, J., Zhang, L., Copper. O. R., Schultz, M. G., Xu, X., Wang,
T., Gao, M., Zhao, Y., and Zhang, Y.: Severe Surface Ozone Pollution in China: A
Global Perspective, Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett., 5, 487–494, 2018.
Ma, Y., Ma, B., Jiao, H., Zhang, Y., Xin, J., and Yu, Z.: An analysis of the
effects of weather and air pollution on tropospheric ozone using a
generalized additive model in Western China: Lanzhou, Gansu, Atmos.
Environ., 224, 117342, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2020.117342, 2020.
Mao, J., Ren, X., Chen, S., Brune, W. H., Chen, Z., Martinez, M., Harder,
H., Lefer, B., Rappenglück, B., Flynn, J., and Leuchner, M.: Atmospheric
oxidation capacity in the summer of Houston 2006: Comparison with summer
measurements in other metropolitan studies, Atmos. Environ., 44, 4107–4115,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2009.01.013, 2010.
Martinez, M., Harder, H., Kovacs, T., Simpas, J., Bassis, J., Lesher, R., Brune, W., Frost, G., Williams, E., Stroud, C., Jobson, B. T., Roberts, J. M., Hall, S., Shetter, R., Wert, B., Fried, A., Alicke, B., Stutz, J., Young, V., White, A., and Zamora, R.: OH and HO2 concentrations, sources, and loss rates during the Southern Oxidants Study in Nashville, Tennessee, summer 1999, J. Geophys. Res., 108, 108, 4617, https://doi.org/10.1029/2003jd003551, 2003.
Michoud, V., Kukui, A., Camredon, M., Colomb, A., Borbon, A., Miet, K., Aumont, B., Beekmann, M., Durand-Jolibois, R., Perrier, S., Zapf, P., Siour, G., Ait-Helal, W., Locoge, N., Sauvage, S., Afif, C., Gros, V., Furger, M., Ancellet, G., and Doussin, J. F.: Radical budget analysis in a suburban European site during the MEGAPOLI summer field campaign, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 11951–11974, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-11951-2012, 2012.
Nakashima, Y., Kato, S., Greenberg, J., Harley, P., Karl, T., Turnipseed, A., Apel, E., Guenther, A., Smith, J., and Kajii, Y.: Total OH reactivity
measurements in ambient air in a southern Rocky mountain ponderosa pine
forest during BEACHON-SRM08 summer campaign, Atmos. Environ., 85,
1–8, 2014.
Ren, X., Brune, W. H., Cantrell, C. A., Edwards, G. D., Shirley, T.,
Metcalf, A. R., and Lesher, R. L.: Hydroxyl and peroxy radical chemistry in
a rural area of Central Pennsylvania: Observations and model comparisons, J.
Atmos. Chem., 52, 231–257, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10874-005-3651-7, 2005.
Rollins, A. W., Browne, E. C., Min, K. E., Pusede, S. E., Wooldridge, P. J.,
Gentner, D. R., Goldstein, A. H., Liu, S., Day, D. A., Russell, L. M., and
Cohen, R. C.: Evidence for NOx Control over Nighttime SOA Formation,
Science, 337, 1210–1212, 2012.
Saunders, S. M., Jenkin, M. E., Derwent, R. G., and Pilling, M. J.: Protocol for the development of the Master Chemical Mechanism, MCM v3 (Part A): tropospheric degradation of non-aromatic volatile organic compounds, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 3, 161–180, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-3-161-2003, 2003.
Sheehy, P. M., Volkamer, R., Molina, L. T., and Molina, M. J.: Oxidative capacity of the Mexico City atmosphere – Part 2: A ROx radical cycling perspective, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 6993–7008, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-6993-2010, 2010.
Simon, H., Reff, A., Wells, B., Xing, J., and Frank, N.: Ozone trends across
the United States over a period of decreasing NOx and VOC emissions,
Environ. Sci. Technol., 49, 186–195, https://doi.org/10.1021/es504514z, 2015.
Smith, S. C., Lee, J. D., Bloss, W. J., Johnson, G. P., Ingham, T., and Heard, D. E.: Concentrations of OH and HO2 radicals during NAMBLEX: measurements and steady state analysis, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 6, 1435–1453, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-6-1435-2006, 2006.
Tan, Z., Lu, K., Jiang, M., Su, R., Dong, H., Zeng, L., Xie, S., Tan, Q.,
and Zhang, Y.: Exploring ozone pollution in Chengdu, southwestern China: A
case study from radical chemistry to O3-VOC-NOx sensitivity, Sci. Total
Environ., 636, 775–786, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.04.286, 2018.
Tan, Z., Lu, K., Jiang, M., Su, R., Wang, H., Lou, S., Fu, Q., Zhai, C., Tan, Q., Yue, D., Chen, D., Wang, Z., Xie, S., Zeng, L., and Zhang, Y.: Daytime atmospheric oxidation capacity in four Chinese megacities during the photochemically polluted season: a case study based on box model simulation, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 3493–3513, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-3493-2019, 2019.
Volkamer, R., Sheehy, P., Molina, L. T., and Molina, M. J.: Oxidative capacity of the Mexico City atmosphere – Part 1: A radical source perspective, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 6969–6991, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-6969-2010, 2010.
Wang, H., Tan, S., Wang, Y., Jiang, C., Shi, G., Zhang, M., and Che, H.: A
multisource observation study of the severe prolonged regional haze episode
over eastern China in January 2013, Atmos. Environ., 89, 807–815, 2014.
Wang, H., Lyu, X., Guo, H., Wang, Y., Zou, S., Ling, Z., Wang, X., Jiang, F., Zeren, Y., Pan, W., Huang, X., and Shen, J.: Ozone pollution around a coastal region of South China Sea: interaction between marine and continental air, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 4277–4295, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-4277-2018, 2018.
Wang, M., Chen, W., Zhang, L., Qin, W., Zhang, Y., Zhang, X., and Xie, X.:
Ozone pollution characteristics and sensitivity analysis using an
observation-based model in Nanjing, Yangtze River Delta Region of China, J.
Environ. Sci. (China), 93, 13–22, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jes.2020.02.027, 2020.
Wang, Y., Guo, H., Zou, S., Lyu, X., Ling, Z., Cheng, H., and Zeren, Y.:
Surface O3 photochemistry over the South China Sea: Application of a
near-explicit chemical mechanism box model, Environ. Pollut., 234, 155–166,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2017.11.001, 2018.
Whalley, L. K., Stone, D., Bandy, B., Dunmore, R., Hamilton, J. F., Hopkins, J., Lee, J. D., Lewis, A. C., and Heard, D. E.: Atmospheric OH reactivity in central London: observations, model predictions and estimates of in situ ozone production, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 2109–2122, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-2109-2016, 2016.
Wu, X., Xu, L., Hong, Y., Chen, J., Qiu, Y., Hu, B., Hong, Z., Zhang, Y.,
Liu, T., Chen, Y., Bian, Y., Zhao, G., Chen, J., and Li, M.: The air
pollution governed by subtropical high in a coastal city in Southeast China:
Formation processes and influencing mechanisms, Sci. Total Environ., 692,
1135–1145, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.07.341, 2019.
Wu, X., Li, M., Chen, J., Wang, H., Xu, L., Hong, Y., Zhao, G., Hu, B.,
Zhang, Y., Dan, Y., and Yu, S.: The characteristics of air pollution induced
by the quasi-stationary front: Formation processes and influencing factors,
Sci. Total Environ., 707, 136194, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.136194, 2020.
Xue, L. K., Wang, T., Gao, J., Ding, A. J., Zhou, X. H., Blake, D. R., Wang, X. F., Saunders, S. M., Fan, S. J., Zuo, H. C., Zhang, Q. Z., and Wang, W. X.: Ground-level ozone in four Chinese cities: precursors, regional transport and heterogeneous processes, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 13175–13188, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-13175-2014, 2014.
Xue, L., Gu, R., Wang, T., Wang, X., Saunders, S., Blake, D., Louie, P. K. K., Luk, C. W. Y., Simpson, I., Xu, Z., Wang, Z., Gao, Y., Lee, S., Mellouki, A., and Wang, W.: Oxidative capacity and radical chemistry in the polluted atmosphere of Hong Kong and Pearl River Delta region: analysis of a severe photochemical smog episode, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 9891–9903, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-9891-2016, 2016.
Zeren, Y., Guo, H., Lyu, X., Jiang, F., Wang, Y., Liu, X., Zeng, L., Li, M.,
and Li, L.: An Ozone “Pool” in South China: Investigations on Atmospheric
Dynamics and Photochemical Processes Over the Pearl River Estuary, J.
Geophys. Res., 124, 12340–12355, https://doi.org/10.1029/2019jd030833, 2019.
Zhang, K., Duan, Y., Huo, J., Huang, L., Wang, Y., Fu, Q., Wang, Y., and Li,
L.: Formation mechanism of HCHO pollution in the suburban Yangtze River
Delta region, China: A box model study and policy implementations, Atmos.
Environ., 267, 118755, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2021.118755, 2021a.
Zhang, L., Brook, J. R., and Vet, R.: A revised parameterization for gaseous dry deposition in air-quality models, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 3, 2067–2082, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-3-2067-2003, 2003.
Zhang, Y., Hong, Z., Chen, J., Xu, L., Hong, Y., Li, M., Hao, H., Chen, Y.,
Qiu, Y., Wu, X., Li, J.-R., Tong, L., and Xiao, H.: Impact of control
measures and typhoon weather on characteristics and formation of PM2.5
during the 2016 G20 summit in China, Atmos. Environ., 224, 117312,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2020.117312, 2020a.
Zhang, Y., Xu, L., Zhuang, M., Zhao, G., Chen, Y., Tong, L., Yang, C., Xiao,
H., Chen, J., Wu, X., Hong, Y., Li, M., Bian, Y., and Chen, Y.: Chemical
composition and sources of submicron aerosol in a coastal city of China:
Results from the 2017 BRICS summit study, Sci. Total Environ., 741, 140470,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140470, 2020b.
Zhang, Y., Xue, L., Carter, W. P. L., Pei, C., Chen, T., Mu, J., Wang, Y., Zhang, Q., and Wang, W.: Development of ozone reactivity scales for volatile organic compounds in a Chinese megacity, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 11053–11068, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-11053-2021, 2021.
Zhu, J., Wang, S., Wang, H., Jing, S., Lou, S., Saiz-Lopez, A., and Zhou, B.: Observationally constrained modeling of atmospheric oxidation capacity and photochemical reactivity in Shanghai, China, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 1217–1232, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-1217-2020, 2020.
Short summary
Based on the OBM-MCM model analyses, the study aims to clarify (1) the pollution characteristics of O3 and its precursors, (2) the atmospheric oxidation capacity and radical chemistry, and (3) the O3 formation mechanism and sensitivity analysis. The results are expected to enhance the understanding of the O3 formation mechanism with low O3 precursor levels and provide scientific evidence for O3 pollution control in coastal cities.
Based on the OBM-MCM model analyses, the study aims to clarify (1) the pollution characteristics...
Altmetrics
Final-revised paper
Preprint