Articles | Volume 22, issue 23
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-15263-2022
© Author(s) 2022. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-15263-2022
© Author(s) 2022. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
01 Dec 2022
Research article |
| 01 Dec 2022
Atmospheric particle abundance and sea salt aerosol observations in the springtime Arctic: a focus on blowing snow and leads
Qianjie Chen
Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor,
Michigan 48109, United States
now at: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong
Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China
Jessica A. Mirrielees
Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor,
Michigan 48109, United States
Sham Thanekar
Department of Meteorology and Atmospheric Science, Pennsylvania
State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16801, United States
Nicole A. Loeb
Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of North Dakota,
Grand Forks, North Dakota 58202, United States
now at: Department of Environment and Geography, University of
Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
Rachel M. Kirpes
Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor,
Michigan 48109, United States
Lucia M. Upchurch
Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, National Oceanic and
Atmospheric Administration, Seattle, Washington 98115, United States
Cooperative Institute for Climate, Ocean, and Ecosystem Studies,
University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98115, United States
Anna J. Barget
Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor,
Michigan 48109, United States
Nurun Nahar Lata
Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest
National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
Angela R. W. Raso
Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor,
Michigan 48109, United States
Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
47907, United States
Stephen M. McNamara
Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor,
Michigan 48109, United States
Swarup China
Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest
National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
Patricia K. Quinn
Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, National Oceanic and
Atmospheric Administration, Seattle, Washington 98115, United States
Andrew P. Ault
Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor,
Michigan 48109, United States
Aaron Kennedy
Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of North Dakota,
Grand Forks, North Dakota 58202, United States
Paul B. Shepson
Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
47907, United States
Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences &
Purdue Climate Change Research Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette,
Indiana 47907, United States
now at: School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook
University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
Jose D. Fuentes
Department of Meteorology and Atmospheric Science, Pennsylvania
State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16801, United States
Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor,
Michigan 48109, United States
Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of
Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
Related authors
William F. Swanson, Chris D. Holmes, William R. Simpson, Kaitlyn Confer, Louis Marelle, Jennie L. Thomas, Lyatt Jaeglé, Becky Alexander, Shuting Zhai, Qianjie Chen, Xuan Wang, and Tomás Sherwen
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 14467–14488, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-14467-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-14467-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Radical bromine molecules are seen at higher concentrations during the Arctic spring. We use the global model GEOS-Chem to test whether snowpack and wind-blown snow sources can explain high bromine concentrations. We run this model for the entire year of 2015 and compare results to observations of bromine from floating platforms on the Arctic Ocean and at Utqiaġvik. We find that the model performs best when both sources are enabled but may overestimate bromine production in summer and fall.
Zhouxing Zou, Qianjie Chen, Men Xia, Qi Yuan, Yi Chen, Yanan Wang, Enyu Xiong, Zhe Wang, and Tao Wang
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2022-854, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2022-854, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We present the OH observation and model simulation results at a coastal site in Hong Kong. The model well predicted the OH concentration in high NOx conditions and overpredicted in low NOx conditions. This implies the insufficient understanding of OH chemistry in low NOx conditions. We show evidence of missing OH sinks as a possible cause of the overprediction.
Kathryn D. Kulju, Stephen M. McNamara, Qianjie Chen, Hannah S. Kenagy, Jacinta Edebeli, Jose D. Fuentes, Steven B. Bertman, and Kerri A. Pratt
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 2553–2568, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-2553-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-2553-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
N2O5 uptake by chloride-containing surfaces produces ClNO2, which photolyzes, producing NO2 and highly reactive Cl radicals that impact air quality. In the inland urban atmosphere, ClNO2 was elevated during lower air turbulence and over snow-covered ground, from snowpack ClNO2 production. N2O5 and ClNO2 levels were lowest, on average, during rainfall and fog because of scavenging, with N2O5 scavenging by fog droplets likely contributing to observed increased particulate nitrate concentrations.
Jiayue Huang, Lyatt Jaeglé, Qianjie Chen, Becky Alexander, Tomás Sherwen, Mat J. Evans, Nicolas Theys, and Sungyeon Choi
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 7335–7358, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-7335-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-7335-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Large-scale enhancements of tropospheric BrO and the depletion of surface ozone are often observed in the springtime Arctic. Here, we use a chemical transport model to examine the role of sea salt aerosol from blowing snow in explaining these phenomena. We find that our simulation can account for the spatiotemporal variability of satellite observations of BrO. However, the model has difficulty in producing the magnitude of observed ozone depletion events.
Becky Alexander, Tomás Sherwen, Christopher D. Holmes, Jenny A. Fisher, Qianjie Chen, Mat J. Evans, and Prasad Kasibhatla
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 3859–3877, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-3859-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-3859-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Nitrogen oxides are important for the formation of tropospheric oxidants and are removed from the atmosphere mainly through the formation of nitrate. We compare observations of the oxygen isotopes of nitrate with a global model to test our understanding of the chemistry nitrate formation. We use the model to quantify nitrate formation pathways in the atmosphere and identify key uncertainties and their relevance for the oxidation capacity of the atmosphere.
Lei Zhu, Daniel J. Jacob, Sebastian D. Eastham, Melissa P. Sulprizio, Xuan Wang, Tomás Sherwen, Mat J. Evans, Qianjie Chen, Becky Alexander, Theodore K. Koenig, Rainer Volkamer, L. Gregory Huey, Michael Le Breton, Thomas J. Bannan, and Carl J. Percival
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 6497–6507, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-6497-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-6497-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
We quantify the effect of sea salt aerosol on tropospheric bromine chemistry with a new mechanistic description of the halogen chemistry in a global atmospheric chemistry model. For the first time, we are able to reproduce the observed levels of bromide activation from the sea salt aerosol in a manner consistent with bromine oxide radical measured from various platforms. Sea salt aerosol plays a far more complex role in global tropospheric chemistry than previously recognized.
Jingyuan Shao, Qianjie Chen, Yuxuan Wang, Xiao Lu, Pengzhen He, Yele Sun, Viral Shah, Randall V. Martin, Sajeev Philip, Shaojie Song, Yue Zhao, Zhouqing Xie, Lin Zhang, and Becky Alexander
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 6107–6123, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-6107-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-6107-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Sulfate is a key species contributing to particle formation and growth during wintertime Chinese haze events. This study combines observations and modeling of oxygen isotope signatures in sulfate aerosol to investigate its formation mechanisms, with a focus on heterogeneous production on aerosol surface via H2O2, O3, and NO2 and trace metal catalyzed oxidation. Contributions from different formation pathways are presented.
Xuan Wang, Daniel J. Jacob, Sebastian D. Eastham, Melissa P. Sulprizio, Lei Zhu, Qianjie Chen, Becky Alexander, Tomás Sherwen, Mathew J. Evans, Ben H. Lee, Jessica D. Haskins, Felipe D. Lopez-Hilfiker, Joel A. Thornton, Gregory L. Huey, and Hong Liao
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 3981–4003, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-3981-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-3981-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Chlorine radicals have a broad range of implications for tropospheric chemistry, air quality, and climate. We present a comprehensive simulation of tropospheric chlorine in a global 3-D model, which includes explicit accounting of chloride mobilization from sea salt aerosol. We find the chlorine chemistry contributes 1.0 % of the global oxidation of methane and decreases global burdens of tropospheric ozone by 7 % and OH by 3 % through the associated bromine radical chemistry.
Qianjie Chen, Tomás Sherwen, Mathew Evans, and Becky Alexander
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 13617–13637, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-13617-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-13617-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Uncertainty in the natural tropospheric sulfur cycle represents the largest source of uncertainty in radiative forcing estimates of sulfate aerosol. This study investigates the natural sulfur cycle in the marine troposphere using the GEOS-Chem model. We found that BrO is important for DMS oxidation and multiphase chemistry is important for MSA production and loss, which have implications for the yield of SO2 and MSA from DMS oxidation and the radiative effect of DMS-derived sulfate aerosol.
Prasad Kasibhatla, Tomás Sherwen, Mathew J. Evans, Lucy J. Carpenter, Chris Reed, Becky Alexander, Qianjie Chen, Melissa P. Sulprizio, James D. Lee, Katie A. Read, William Bloss, Leigh R. Crilley, William C. Keene, Alexander A. P. Pszenny, and Alma Hodzic
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 11185–11203, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-11185-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-11185-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Recent measurements of NOx and HONO suggest that photolysis of particulate nitrate in sea-salt aerosols is important in terms of marine boundary layer oxidant chemistry. We present the first global-scale assessment of the significance of this new chemical pathway for NOx, O3, and OH in the marine boundary layer. We also present a preliminary assessment of the potential impact of photolysis of particulate nitrate associated with other aerosol types on continental boundary layer chemistry.
Qianjie Chen, Lei Geng, Johan A. Schmidt, Zhouqing Xie, Hui Kang, Jordi Dachs, Jihong Cole-Dai, Andrew J. Schauer, Madeline G. Camp, and Becky Alexander
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 11433–11450, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-11433-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-11433-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
The formation mechanisms of sulfate in the marine boundary layer are not well understood, which could result in large uncertainties in aerosol radiative forcing. We measure the oxygen isotopic composition (Δ17O) of sulfate collected in the MBL and analyze with a global transport model. Our results suggest that 33–50 % of MBL sulfate is formed via oxidation of S(IV) by hypohalous acids HOBr / HOCl in the aqueous phase, and the daily-mean HOBr/HOCl concentrations are on the order of 0.01–0.1 ppt.
S. Walter, A. Kock, T. Steinhoff, B. Fiedler, P. Fietzek, J. Kaiser, M. Krol, M. E. Popa, Q. Chen, T. Tanhua, and T. Röckmann
Biogeosciences, 13, 323–340, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-323-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-323-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Oceans are a source of H2, an indirect greenhouse gas. Measurements constraining the temporal and spatial patterns of oceanic H2 emissions are sparse and although H2 is assumed to be produced mainly biologically, direct evidence for biogenic marine production was lacking. By analyzing the H2 isotopic composition (δD) we were able to constrain the global H2 budget in more detail, verify biogenic production and point to additional sources. We also showed that current models are reasonably working.
Q. Chen, M. E. Popa, A. M. Batenburg, and T. Röckmann
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 13003–13021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-13003-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-13003-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
We investigated soil production and uptake of H2 and associated isotope effects. Uptake and emission of H2 occurred simultaneously at all sampling sites, with strongest emission where N2 fixing legume was present. The fractionation constant during soil uptake was about 0.945 and it did not show positive correlation with deposition velocity. The isotopic composition of H2 emitted from soil with legume was about -530‰, which is less deuterium-depleted than isotope equilibrium between H2O and H2.
Veronica Z. Berta, Lynn M. Russell, Derek J. Price, Chia-Li Chen, Alex K. Y. Lee, Patricia K. Quinn, Timothy S. Bates, Thomas G. Bell, and Michael J. Behrenfeld
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 2765–2787, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-2765-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-2765-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Amines are compounds emitted from a variety of marine and continental sources and were measured by aerosol mass spectrometry and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy during the North Atlantic Aerosols and Marine Ecosystems Study (NAAMES) cruises. Secondary continental and primary marine sources of amines were identified by comparisons to tracers. The results show that the two methods are complementary for investigating amines in the marine environment.
Daniel Conrad Ogilvie Thornton, Sarah Dickerson Brooks, Elise Katherine Wilbourn, Jessica Mirrielees, Alyssa Nicole Alsante, Gerardo Gold-Bouchot, Andrew Whitesell, and Kiana Kiana McFadden
Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2022-806, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2022-806, 2023
Preprint under review for ACP
Short summary
Short summary
A major uncertainty in our understanding of clouds and climate are the sources and properties of the aerosol on which clouds grow. We found that aerosol containing organic matter from fast growing marine phytoplankton were a source of ice nucleating particles (INPs). INPs facilitate freezing of ice crystals at warmer temperatures than otherwise possible, and therefore change cloud formation and properties. Our results show ecosystem processes and the properties of sea spray aerosol are linked.
Guangyu Li, Elise K. Wilbourn, Zezhen Cheng, Jörg Wieder, Allison Fagerson, Jan Henneberger, Ghislain Motos, Rita Traversi, Sarah D. Brooks, Mauro Mazzola, Swarup China, Athanasios Nenes, Ulrike Lohmann, Naruki Hiranuma, and Zamin A. Kanji
Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2023-18, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2023-18, 2023
Preprint under review for ACP
Short summary
Short summary
In this work, we present results from an Arctic field campaign (NASCENT) in Ny-Ålesund, Svalbard, on the abundance, variability, physicochemical properties and potential sources of ice-nucleating particles relevant for mixed-phase cloud formation. This work improves the data coverage of Arctic INPs and aerosol properties, allowing for the validation of models predicting cloud microphysical and radiative properties of mixed-phase clouds in the rapidly warming Arctic.
Adriana Bailey, Franziska Aemisegger, Leonie Villiger, Sebastian A. Los, Gilles Reverdin, Estefanía Quiñones Meléndez, Claudia Acquistapace, Dariusz B. Baranowski, Tobias Böck, Sandrine Bony, Tobias Bordsdorff, Derek Coffman, Simon P. de Szoeke, Christopher J. Diekmann, Marina Dütsch, Benjamin Ertl, Joseph Galewsky, Dean Henze, Przemyslaw Makuch, David Noone, Patricia K. Quinn, Michael Rösch, Andreas Schneider, Matthias Schneider, Sabrina Speich, Bjorn Stevens, and Elizabeth J. Thompson
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 465–495, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-465-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-465-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
One of the novel ways EUREC4A set out to investigate trade wind clouds and their coupling to the large-scale circulation was through an extensive network of isotopic measurements in water vapor, precipitation, and seawater. Samples were taken from the island of Barbados, from aboard two aircraft, and from aboard four ships. This paper describes the full collection of EUREC4A isotopic in situ data and guides readers to complementary remotely sensed water vapor isotope ratios.
Haley M. Royer, Mira L. Pöhlker, Ovid Krüger, Edmund Blades, Peter Sealy, Nurun Nahar Lata, Zezhen Cheng, Swarup China, Andrew P. Ault, Patricia K. Quinn, Paquita Zuidema, Christopher Pöhlker, Ulrich Pöschl, Meinrat Andreae, and Cassandra J. Gaston
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 981–998, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-981-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-981-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This paper presents atmospheric particle chemical composition and measurements of aerosol water uptake properties collected at Ragged Point, Barbados, during the winter of 2020. The result of this study indicates the importance of small African smoke particles for cloud droplet formation in the tropical North Atlantic and highlights the large spatial and temporal pervasiveness of smoke over the Atlantic Ocean.
William F. Swanson, Chris D. Holmes, William R. Simpson, Kaitlyn Confer, Louis Marelle, Jennie L. Thomas, Lyatt Jaeglé, Becky Alexander, Shuting Zhai, Qianjie Chen, Xuan Wang, and Tomás Sherwen
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 14467–14488, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-14467-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-14467-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Radical bromine molecules are seen at higher concentrations during the Arctic spring. We use the global model GEOS-Chem to test whether snowpack and wind-blown snow sources can explain high bromine concentrations. We run this model for the entire year of 2015 and compare results to observations of bromine from floating platforms on the Arctic Ocean and at Utqiaġvik. We find that the model performs best when both sources are enabled but may overestimate bromine production in summer and fall.
Zhouxing Zou, Qianjie Chen, Men Xia, Qi Yuan, Yi Chen, Yanan Wang, Enyu Xiong, Zhe Wang, and Tao Wang
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2022-854, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2022-854, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We present the OH observation and model simulation results at a coastal site in Hong Kong. The model well predicted the OH concentration in high NOx conditions and overpredicted in low NOx conditions. This implies the insufficient understanding of OH chemistry in low NOx conditions. We show evidence of missing OH sinks as a possible cause of the overprediction.
Zezhen Cheng, Megan Morgenstern, Bo Zhang, Matthew Fraund, Nurun Nahar Lata, Rhenton Brimberry, Matthew A. Marcus, Lynn Mazzoleni, Paulo Fialho, Silvia Henning, Birgit Wehner, Claudio Mazzoleni, and Swarup China
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 9033–9057, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-9033-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-9033-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We observed a high abundance of liquid and internally mixed particles in samples collected in the North Atlantic free troposphere during summer. We also found several solid and semisolid particles for different emission sources and transport patterns. Our results suggest that considering the mixing state, emission source, and transport patterns of particles is necessary to estimate their phase state in the free troposphere, which is critical for predicting their effects on climate.
Eleftherios Ioannidis, Kathy S. Law, Jean-Christophe Raut, Louis Marelle, Tatsuo Onishi, Rachel M. Kirpes, Lucia Upchurch, Andreas Massling, Henrik Skov, Patricia K. Quinn, and Kerri A. Pratt
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2022-310, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2022-310, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Enhanced concentrations of aerosols influence the Arctic region during wintertime and winter-spring transition, transported from mid-latitude source regions. However, there are also local anthropogenic and natural (sea-spray aerosols – SSA) sources. SSA are a major contributor to PM1.0/PM10 at remote coastal sites during wintertime, however, models tend to miss essential mechanisms for SSA production and local sources of marine organics in the Arctic. This study addresses these uncertainties.
Andrew D. Polasky, Jenni L. Evans, and Jose D. Fuentes
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2022-282, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2022-282, 2022
Preprint withdrawn
Short summary
Short summary
Statistical downscaling provides methods to bridge the gap between the global climate models and the scale of information needed to understand the impacts of climate change. This paper describes a new software package that provides a number of statistical downscaling approaches, as well as evaluation metrics for these methods. The goal of this work is to provide a new tool for researchers carrying out downscaling studies, and enable the easy use and comparison of different downscaling methods.
Daniel A. Knopf, Joseph C. Charnawskas, Peiwen Wang, Benny Wong, Jay M. Tomlin, Kevin A. Jankowski, Matthew Fraund, Daniel P. Veghte, Swarup China, Alexander Laskin, Ryan C. Moffet, Mary K. Gilles, Josephine Y. Aller, Matthew A. Marcus, Shira Raveh-Rubin, and Jian Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 5377–5398, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-5377-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-5377-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Marine boundary layer aerosols collected in the remote region of the eastern North Atlantic induce immersion freezing and deposition ice nucleation under typical mixed-phase and cirrus cloud conditions. Corresponding ice nucleation parameterizations for model applications have been derived. Chemical imaging of ambient aerosol and ice-nucleating particles demonstrates that the latter is dominated by sea salt and organics while also representing a major particle type in the particle population.
Julia Schmale, Sangeeta Sharma, Stefano Decesari, Jakob Pernov, Andreas Massling, Hans-Christen Hansson, Knut von Salzen, Henrik Skov, Elisabeth Andrews, Patricia K. Quinn, Lucia M. Upchurch, Konstantinos Eleftheriadis, Rita Traversi, Stefania Gilardoni, Mauro Mazzola, James Laing, and Philip Hopke
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 3067–3096, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-3067-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-3067-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Long-term data sets of Arctic aerosol properties from 10 stations across the Arctic provide evidence that anthropogenic influence on the Arctic atmospheric chemical composition has declined in winter, a season which is typically dominated by mid-latitude emissions. The number of significant trends in summer is smaller than in winter, and overall the pattern is ambiguous with some significant positive and negative trends. This reflects the mixed influence of natural and anthropogenic emissions.
Kevin J. Sanchez, Bo Zhang, Hongyu Liu, Matthew D. Brown, Ewan C. Crosbie, Francesca Gallo, Johnathan W. Hair, Chris A. Hostetler, Carolyn E. Jordan, Claire E. Robinson, Amy Jo Scarino, Taylor J. Shingler, Michael A. Shook, Kenneth L. Thornhill, Elizabeth B. Wiggins, Edward L. Winstead, Luke D. Ziemba, Georges Saliba, Savannah L. Lewis, Lynn M. Russell, Patricia K. Quinn, Timothy S. Bates, Jack Porter, Thomas G. Bell, Peter Gaube, Eric S. Saltzman, Michael J. Behrenfeld, and Richard H. Moore
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 2795–2815, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-2795-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-2795-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Atmospheric particle concentrations impact clouds, which strongly impact the amount of sunlight reflected back into space and the overall climate. Measurements of particles over the ocean are rare and expensive to collect, so models are necessary to fill in the gaps by simulating both particle and clouds. However, some measurements are needed to test the accuracy of the models. Here, we measure changes in particles in different weather conditions, which are ideal for comparison with models.
Kathryn D. Kulju, Stephen M. McNamara, Qianjie Chen, Hannah S. Kenagy, Jacinta Edebeli, Jose D. Fuentes, Steven B. Bertman, and Kerri A. Pratt
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 2553–2568, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-2553-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-2553-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
N2O5 uptake by chloride-containing surfaces produces ClNO2, which photolyzes, producing NO2 and highly reactive Cl radicals that impact air quality. In the inland urban atmosphere, ClNO2 was elevated during lower air turbulence and over snow-covered ground, from snowpack ClNO2 production. N2O5 and ClNO2 levels were lowest, on average, during rainfall and fog because of scavenging, with N2O5 scavenging by fog droplets likely contributing to observed increased particulate nitrate concentrations.
Jay M. Tomlin, Kevin A. Jankowski, Daniel P. Veghte, Swarup China, Peiwen Wang, Matthew Fraund, Johannes Weis, Guangjie Zheng, Yang Wang, Felipe Rivera-Adorno, Shira Raveh-Rubin, Daniel A. Knopf, Jian Wang, Mary K. Gilles, Ryan C. Moffet, and Alexander Laskin
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 18123–18146, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-18123-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-18123-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Analysis of individual atmospheric particles shows that aerosol transported from North America during meteorological dry intrusion episodes may have a substantial impact on the mixing state and particle-type population over the mid-Atlantic, as organic contribution and particle-type diversity are significantly enhanced during these periods. These observations need to be considered in current atmospheric models.
Dandan Wei, Hariprasad D. Alwe, Dylan B. Millet, Brandon Bottorff, Michelle Lew, Philip S. Stevens, Joshua D. Shutter, Joshua L. Cox, Frank N. Keutsch, Qianwen Shi, Sarah C. Kavassalis, Jennifer G. Murphy, Krystal T. Vasquez, Hannah M. Allen, Eric Praske, John D. Crounse, Paul O. Wennberg, Paul B. Shepson, Alexander A. T. Bui, Henry W. Wallace, Robert J. Griffin, Nathaniel W. May, Megan Connor, Jonathan H. Slade, Kerri A. Pratt, Ezra C. Wood, Mathew Rollings, Benjamin L. Deming, Daniel C. Anderson, and Allison L. Steiner
Geosci. Model Dev., 14, 6309–6329, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-6309-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-6309-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Over the past decade, understanding of isoprene oxidation has improved, and proper representation of isoprene oxidation and isoprene-derived SOA (iSOA) formation in canopy–chemistry models is now recognized to be important for an accurate understanding of forest–atmosphere exchange. The updated FORCAsT version 2.0 improves the estimation of some isoprene oxidation products and is one of the few canopy models currently capable of simulating SOA formation from monoterpenes and isoprene.
Taylor S. Jones, Jonathan E. Franklin, Jia Chen, Florian Dietrich, Kristian D. Hajny, Johannes C. Paetzold, Adrian Wenzel, Conor Gately, Elaine Gottlieb, Harrison Parker, Manvendra Dubey, Frank Hase, Paul B. Shepson, Levi H. Mielke, and Steven C. Wofsy
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 13131–13147, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-13131-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-13131-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Methane emissions from leaks in natural gas pipes are often a large source in urban areas, but they are difficult to measure on a city-wide scale. Here we use an array of innovative methane sensors distributed around the city of Indianapolis and a new method of combining their data with an atmospheric model to accurately determine the magnitude of these emissions, which are about 70 % larger than predicted. This method can serve as a framework for cities trying to account for their emissions.
Bjorn Stevens, Sandrine Bony, David Farrell, Felix Ament, Alan Blyth, Christopher Fairall, Johannes Karstensen, Patricia K. Quinn, Sabrina Speich, Claudia Acquistapace, Franziska Aemisegger, Anna Lea Albright, Hugo Bellenger, Eberhard Bodenschatz, Kathy-Ann Caesar, Rebecca Chewitt-Lucas, Gijs de Boer, Julien Delanoë, Leif Denby, Florian Ewald, Benjamin Fildier, Marvin Forde, Geet George, Silke Gross, Martin Hagen, Andrea Hausold, Karen J. Heywood, Lutz Hirsch, Marek Jacob, Friedhelm Jansen, Stefan Kinne, Daniel Klocke, Tobias Kölling, Heike Konow, Marie Lothon, Wiebke Mohr, Ann Kristin Naumann, Louise Nuijens, Léa Olivier, Robert Pincus, Mira Pöhlker, Gilles Reverdin, Gregory Roberts, Sabrina Schnitt, Hauke Schulz, A. Pier Siebesma, Claudia Christine Stephan, Peter Sullivan, Ludovic Touzé-Peiffer, Jessica Vial, Raphaela Vogel, Paquita Zuidema, Nicola Alexander, Lyndon Alves, Sophian Arixi, Hamish Asmath, Gholamhossein Bagheri, Katharina Baier, Adriana Bailey, Dariusz Baranowski, Alexandre Baron, Sébastien Barrau, Paul A. Barrett, Frédéric Batier, Andreas Behrendt, Arne Bendinger, Florent Beucher, Sebastien Bigorre, Edmund Blades, Peter Blossey, Olivier Bock, Steven Böing, Pierre Bosser, Denis Bourras, Pascale Bouruet-Aubertot, Keith Bower, Pierre Branellec, Hubert Branger, Michal Brennek, Alan Brewer, Pierre-Etienne Brilouet, Björn Brügmann, Stefan A. Buehler, Elmo Burke, Ralph Burton, Radiance Calmer, Jean-Christophe Canonici, Xavier Carton, Gregory Cato Jr., Jude Andre Charles, Patrick Chazette, Yanxu Chen, Michal T. Chilinski, Thomas Choularton, Patrick Chuang, Shamal Clarke, Hugh Coe, Céline Cornet, Pierre Coutris, Fleur Couvreux, Susanne Crewell, Timothy Cronin, Zhiqiang Cui, Yannis Cuypers, Alton Daley, Gillian M. Damerell, Thibaut Dauhut, Hartwig Deneke, Jean-Philippe Desbios, Steffen Dörner, Sebastian Donner, Vincent Douet, Kyla Drushka, Marina Dütsch, André Ehrlich, Kerry Emanuel, Alexandros Emmanouilidis, Jean-Claude Etienne, Sheryl Etienne-Leblanc, Ghislain Faure, Graham Feingold, Luca Ferrero, Andreas Fix, Cyrille Flamant, Piotr Jacek Flatau, Gregory R. Foltz, Linda Forster, Iulian Furtuna, Alan Gadian, Joseph Galewsky, Martin Gallagher, Peter Gallimore, Cassandra Gaston, Chelle Gentemann, Nicolas Geyskens, Andreas Giez, John Gollop, Isabelle Gouirand, Christophe Gourbeyre, Dörte de Graaf, Geiske E. de Groot, Robert Grosz, Johannes Güttler, Manuel Gutleben, Kashawn Hall, George Harris, Kevin C. Helfer, Dean Henze, Calvert Herbert, Bruna Holanda, Antonio Ibanez-Landeta, Janet Intrieri, Suneil Iyer, Fabrice Julien, Heike Kalesse, Jan Kazil, Alexander Kellman, Abiel T. Kidane, Ulrike Kirchner, Marcus Klingebiel, Mareike Körner, Leslie Ann Kremper, Jan Kretzschmar, Ovid Krüger, Wojciech Kumala, Armin Kurz, Pierre L'Hégaret, Matthieu Labaste, Tom Lachlan-Cope, Arlene Laing, Peter Landschützer, Theresa Lang, Diego Lange, Ingo Lange, Clément Laplace, Gauke Lavik, Rémi Laxenaire, Caroline Le Bihan, Mason Leandro, Nathalie Lefevre, Marius Lena, Donald Lenschow, Qiang Li, Gary Lloyd, Sebastian Los, Niccolò Losi, Oscar Lovell, Christopher Luneau, Przemyslaw Makuch, Szymon Malinowski, Gaston Manta, Eleni Marinou, Nicholas Marsden, Sebastien Masson, Nicolas Maury, Bernhard Mayer, Margarette Mayers-Als, Christophe Mazel, Wayne McGeary, James C. McWilliams, Mario Mech, Melina Mehlmann, Agostino Niyonkuru Meroni, Theresa Mieslinger, Andreas Minikin, Peter Minnett, Gregor Möller, Yanmichel Morfa Avalos, Caroline Muller, Ionela Musat, Anna Napoli, Almuth Neuberger, Christophe Noisel, David Noone, Freja Nordsiek, Jakub L. Nowak, Lothar Oswald, Douglas J. Parker, Carolyn Peck, Renaud Person, Miriam Philippi, Albert Plueddemann, Christopher Pöhlker, Veronika Pörtge, Ulrich Pöschl, Lawrence Pologne, Michał Posyniak, Marc Prange, Estefanía Quiñones Meléndez, Jule Radtke, Karim Ramage, Jens Reimann, Lionel Renault, Klaus Reus, Ashford Reyes, Joachim Ribbe, Maximilian Ringel, Markus Ritschel, Cesar B. Rocha, Nicolas Rochetin, Johannes Röttenbacher, Callum Rollo, Haley Royer, Pauline Sadoulet, Leo Saffin, Sanola Sandiford, Irina Sandu, Michael Schäfer, Vera Schemann, Imke Schirmacher, Oliver Schlenczek, Jerome Schmidt, Marcel Schröder, Alfons Schwarzenboeck, Andrea Sealy, Christoph J. Senff, Ilya Serikov, Samkeyat Shohan, Elizabeth Siddle, Alexander Smirnov, Florian Späth, Branden Spooner, M. Katharina Stolla, Wojciech Szkółka, Simon P. de Szoeke, Stéphane Tarot, Eleni Tetoni, Elizabeth Thompson, Jim Thomson, Lorenzo Tomassini, Julien Totems, Alma Anna Ubele, Leonie Villiger, Jan von Arx, Thomas Wagner, Andi Walther, Ben Webber, Manfred Wendisch, Shanice Whitehall, Anton Wiltshire, Allison A. Wing, Martin Wirth, Jonathan Wiskandt, Kevin Wolf, Ludwig Worbes, Ethan Wright, Volker Wulfmeyer, Shanea Young, Chidong Zhang, Dongxiao Zhang, Florian Ziemen, Tobias Zinner, and Martin Zöger
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 13, 4067–4119, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-4067-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-4067-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The EUREC4A field campaign, designed to test hypothesized mechanisms by which clouds respond to warming and benchmark next-generation Earth-system models, is presented. EUREC4A comprised roughly 5 weeks of measurements in the downstream winter trades of the North Atlantic – eastward and southeastward of Barbados. It was the first campaign that attempted to characterize the full range of processes and scales influencing trade wind clouds.
Patricia K. Quinn, Elizabeth J. Thompson, Derek J. Coffman, Sunil Baidar, Ludovic Bariteau, Timothy S. Bates, Sebastien Bigorre, Alan Brewer, Gijs de Boer, Simon P. de Szoeke, Kyla Drushka, Gregory R. Foltz, Janet Intrieri, Suneil Iyer, Chris W. Fairall, Cassandra J. Gaston, Friedhelm Jansen, James E. Johnson, Ovid O. Krüger, Richard D. Marchbanks, Kenneth P. Moran, David Noone, Sergio Pezoa, Robert Pincus, Albert J. Plueddemann, Mira L. Pöhlker, Ulrich Pöschl, Estefania Quinones Melendez, Haley M. Royer, Malgorzata Szczodrak, Jim Thomson, Lucia M. Upchurch, Chidong Zhang, Dongxiao Zhang, and Paquita Zuidema
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 13, 1759–1790, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-1759-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-1759-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
ATOMIC took place in the northwestern tropical Atlantic during January and February of 2020 to gather information on shallow atmospheric convection, the effects of aerosols and clouds on the ocean surface energy budget, and mesoscale oceanic processes. Measurements made from the NOAA RV Ronald H. Brown and assets it deployed (instrumented mooring and uncrewed seagoing vehicles) are described herein to advance widespread use of the data by the ATOMIC and broader research communities.
Kevin J. Sanchez, Bo Zhang, Hongyu Liu, Georges Saliba, Chia-Li Chen, Savannah L. Lewis, Lynn M. Russell, Michael A. Shook, Ewan C. Crosbie, Luke D. Ziemba, Matthew D. Brown, Taylor J. Shingler, Claire E. Robinson, Elizabeth B. Wiggins, Kenneth L. Thornhill, Edward L. Winstead, Carolyn Jordan, Patricia K. Quinn, Timothy S. Bates, Jack Porter, Thomas G. Bell, Eric S. Saltzman, Michael J. Behrenfeld, and Richard H. Moore
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 831–851, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-831-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-831-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Models describing atmospheric airflow were combined with satellite measurements representative of marine phytoplankton and other meteorological variables. These combined variables were compared to measured aerosol to identify upwind influences on aerosol concentrations. Results indicate that phytoplankton production rates upwind impact the aerosol mass. Also, results suggest that the condensation of mass onto short-lived large sea spray particles may be a significant sink of aerosol mass.
Ana C. Morales, Thilina Jayarathne, Jonathan H. Slade, Alexander Laskin, and Paul B. Shepson
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 129–145, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-129-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-129-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Organic nitrates formed from the oxidation of biogenic volatile organic compounds impact both ozone and particulate matter as they remove nitrogen oxides, but they represent important aerosol precursors. We conducted a series of reaction chamber experiments that quantified the total organic nitrate and secondary organic aerosol yield from the OH-radical-initiated oxidation of ocimene, and also measured their hydrolysis lifetimes in the aqueous phase, as a function of pH.
Michael J. Lawler, Savannah L. Lewis, Lynn M. Russell, Patricia K. Quinn, Timothy S. Bates, Derek J. Coffman, Lucia M. Upchurch, and Eric S. Saltzman
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 16007–16022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-16007-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-16007-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
This work describes new measurements of aerosol (particles) composition over the North Atlantic Ocean. It provides concentrations of polysaccharide material likely made from organisms in the surface ocean and improves our understanding of the relative importance of such fresh biogenic material compared to more recalcitrant organic carbon in forming marine organic aerosol. We aim ultimately to understand the role that ocean biology plays in cloud formation in marine regions.
Gourihar Kulkarni, Naruki Hiranuma, Ottmar Möhler, Kristina Höhler, Swarup China, Daniel J. Cziczo, and Paul J. DeMott
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 13, 6631–6643, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-6631-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-6631-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
This study presents a new continuous-flow-diffusion-chamber-style operated ice chamber (Modified Compact Ice Chamber, MCIC) to measure the immersion-freezing efficiency of atmospheric particles. MCIC allowed us to obtain maximum droplet-freezing efficiency at higher time resolution without droplet breakthrough ambiguity. Its evaluation was performed by reproducing published data from the recent ice nucleation workshop and past laboratory data for standard and airborne ice-nucleating particles.
Matthew Fraund, Daniel J. Bonanno, Swarup China, Don Q. Pham, Daniel Veghte, Johannes Weis, Gourihar Kulkarni, Ken Teske, Mary K. Gilles, Alexander Laskin, and Ryan C. Moffet
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 11593–11606, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-11593-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-11593-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
High viscosity organic particles (HVOPs) in the Southern Great Plains have been analyzed, and two particle types were found. Previously studied tar balls and the recently discovered airborne soil organic particles (ASOPs) are both shown to be brown carbon (BrC). These particle types can be identified in bulk by an absorption Ångström exponent approaching 2.6. HVOP types can be differentiated by comparing carbon absorption spectrum peak ratios between the carboxylic acid, alcohol, and sp2 peaks.
Jiayue Huang, Lyatt Jaeglé, Qianjie Chen, Becky Alexander, Tomás Sherwen, Mat J. Evans, Nicolas Theys, and Sungyeon Choi
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 7335–7358, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-7335-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-7335-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Large-scale enhancements of tropospheric BrO and the depletion of surface ozone are often observed in the springtime Arctic. Here, we use a chemical transport model to examine the role of sea salt aerosol from blowing snow in explaining these phenomena. We find that our simulation can account for the spatiotemporal variability of satellite observations of BrO. However, the model has difficulty in producing the magnitude of observed ozone depletion events.
Havala O. T. Pye, Athanasios Nenes, Becky Alexander, Andrew P. Ault, Mary C. Barth, Simon L. Clegg, Jeffrey L. Collett Jr., Kathleen M. Fahey, Christopher J. Hennigan, Hartmut Herrmann, Maria Kanakidou, James T. Kelly, I-Ting Ku, V. Faye McNeill, Nicole Riemer, Thomas Schaefer, Guoliang Shi, Andreas Tilgner, John T. Walker, Tao Wang, Rodney Weber, Jia Xing, Rahul A. Zaveri, and Andreas Zuend
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 4809–4888, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-4809-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-4809-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Acid rain is recognized for its impacts on human health and ecosystems, and programs to mitigate these effects have had implications for atmospheric acidity. Historical measurements indicate that cloud and fog droplet acidity has changed in recent decades in response to controls on emissions from human activity, while the limited trend data for suspended particles indicate acidity may be relatively constant. This review synthesizes knowledge on the acidity of atmospheric particles and clouds.
Becky Alexander, Tomás Sherwen, Christopher D. Holmes, Jenny A. Fisher, Qianjie Chen, Mat J. Evans, and Prasad Kasibhatla
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 3859–3877, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-3859-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-3859-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Nitrogen oxides are important for the formation of tropospheric oxidants and are removed from the atmosphere mainly through the formation of nitrate. We compare observations of the oxygen isotopes of nitrate with a global model to test our understanding of the chemistry nitrate formation. We use the model to quantify nitrate formation pathways in the atmosphere and identify key uncertainties and their relevance for the oxidation capacity of the atmosphere.
Olivia E. Salmon, Lisa R. Welp, Michael E. Baldwin, Kristian D. Hajny, Brian H. Stirm, and Paul B. Shepson
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 11525–11543, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-11525-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-11525-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
We conducted airborne vertical profile measurements of water vapor stable isotopes to examine how boundary layer, cloud, and mixing processes influence the vertical structure of deuterium excess in the lower troposphere. We discuss reasons our observations are consistent with water vapor isotope theory on some days and not others. Deuterium excess may be useful for understanding complex processes occurring at the top of the boundary layer, including cloud formation, evaporation, and air mixing.
Lei Zhu, Daniel J. Jacob, Sebastian D. Eastham, Melissa P. Sulprizio, Xuan Wang, Tomás Sherwen, Mat J. Evans, Qianjie Chen, Becky Alexander, Theodore K. Koenig, Rainer Volkamer, L. Gregory Huey, Michael Le Breton, Thomas J. Bannan, and Carl J. Percival
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 6497–6507, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-6497-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-6497-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
We quantify the effect of sea salt aerosol on tropospheric bromine chemistry with a new mechanistic description of the halogen chemistry in a global atmospheric chemistry model. For the first time, we are able to reproduce the observed levels of bromide activation from the sea salt aerosol in a manner consistent with bromine oxide radical measured from various platforms. Sea salt aerosol plays a far more complex role in global tropospheric chemistry than previously recognized.
Jingyuan Shao, Qianjie Chen, Yuxuan Wang, Xiao Lu, Pengzhen He, Yele Sun, Viral Shah, Randall V. Martin, Sajeev Philip, Shaojie Song, Yue Zhao, Zhouqing Xie, Lin Zhang, and Becky Alexander
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 6107–6123, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-6107-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-6107-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Sulfate is a key species contributing to particle formation and growth during wintertime Chinese haze events. This study combines observations and modeling of oxygen isotope signatures in sulfate aerosol to investigate its formation mechanisms, with a focus on heterogeneous production on aerosol surface via H2O2, O3, and NO2 and trace metal catalyzed oxidation. Contributions from different formation pathways are presented.
John W. Halfacre, Paul B. Shepson, and Kerri A. Pratt
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 4917–4931, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-4917-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-4917-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
In this study, we found that a chemical called hydroxyl radical can help create chlorine, bromine, and iodine (i.e., halogens) from acidic frozen imitation seawater. Even more halogens are created if we also add ozone. This result helps our understanding of how halogens are released from the frozen Arctic ice and snow into the atmosphere, where they alter the atmosphere's oxidation ability.
Xuan Wang, Daniel J. Jacob, Sebastian D. Eastham, Melissa P. Sulprizio, Lei Zhu, Qianjie Chen, Becky Alexander, Tomás Sherwen, Mathew J. Evans, Ben H. Lee, Jessica D. Haskins, Felipe D. Lopez-Hilfiker, Joel A. Thornton, Gregory L. Huey, and Hong Liao
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 3981–4003, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-3981-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-3981-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Chlorine radicals have a broad range of implications for tropospheric chemistry, air quality, and climate. We present a comprehensive simulation of tropospheric chlorine in a global 3-D model, which includes explicit accounting of chloride mobilization from sea salt aerosol. We find the chlorine chemistry contributes 1.0 % of the global oxidation of methane and decreases global burdens of tropospheric ozone by 7 % and OH by 3 % through the associated bromine radical chemistry.
Shino Toma, Steve Bertman, Christopher Groff, Fulizi Xiong, Paul B. Shepson, Paul Romer, Kaitlin Duffey, Paul Wooldridge, Ronald Cohen, Karsten Baumann, Eric Edgerton, Abigail R. Koss, Joost de Gouw, Allen Goldstein, Weiwei Hu, and Jose L. Jimenez
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 1867–1880, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-1867-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-1867-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Acyl peroxy nitrates (APN) were measured near the ground in Alabama using GC in summer 2013 to study biosphere–atmosphere interactions. APN were lower than measured in the SE USA over the past 2 decades. Historical data showed APN in 2013 was limited by NOx and production was dominated by biogenic precursors more than in the past. Isoprene-derived MPAN correlated with isoprene hydroxynitrates as NOx-dependent products. MPAN varied with aerosol growth, but not with N-containing particles.
Victoria E. Irish, Sarah J. Hanna, Megan D. Willis, Swarup China, Jennie L. Thomas, Jeremy J. B. Wentzell, Ana Cirisan, Meng Si, W. Richard Leaitch, Jennifer G. Murphy, Jonathan P. D. Abbatt, Alexander Laskin, Eric Girard, and Allan K. Bertram
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 1027–1039, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-1027-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-1027-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Ice nucleating particles (INPs) are atmospheric particles that catalyse the formation of ice crystals in clouds. INPs influence the Earth's radiative balance and hydrological cycle. In this study we measured the concentrations of INPs in the Canadian Arctic marine boundary layer. Average INP concentrations fell within the range measured in other marine boundary layer locations. We also found that mineral dust is a more important contributor to the INP population than sea spray aerosol.
Jessie M. Creamean, Rachel M. Kirpes, Kerri A. Pratt, Nicholas J. Spada, Maximilian Maahn, Gijs de Boer, Russell C. Schnell, and Swarup China
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 18023–18042, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-18023-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-18023-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Warm-temperature ice nucleating particles (INPs) were observed during a springtime transition period of the melting of frozen surfaces in Northern Alaska. Such INPs were likely biological and from marine and terrestrial (tundra) sources. Influxes of these efficient INPs may have important implications for Arctic cloud ice formation and, consequently, the surface energy budget.
Michael R. Giordano, Lars E. Kalnajs, J. Douglas Goetz, Anita M. Avery, Erin Katz, Nathaniel W. May, Anna Leemon, Claire Mattson, Kerri A. Pratt, and Peter F. DeCarlo
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 16689–16711, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-16689-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-16689-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
The 2ODIAC field campaign was the first deployment of a high-resolution, real-time mass spectrometer to continental Antarctica. Using the real-time aerosol measurements, we investigate how the composition of Antarctic submicron aerosol changes as a function of meteorological parameters such as wind speed. We observe blowing snow and increasing aerosol concentration and changing composition, in particular halogens, as the wind increases beyond 8 m s−1.
Qianjie Chen, Tomás Sherwen, Mathew Evans, and Becky Alexander
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 13617–13637, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-13617-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-13617-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Uncertainty in the natural tropospheric sulfur cycle represents the largest source of uncertainty in radiative forcing estimates of sulfate aerosol. This study investigates the natural sulfur cycle in the marine troposphere using the GEOS-Chem model. We found that BrO is important for DMS oxidation and multiphase chemistry is important for MSA production and loss, which have implications for the yield of SO2 and MSA from DMS oxidation and the radiative effect of DMS-derived sulfate aerosol.
Amy L. Bondy, Daniel Bonanno, Ryan C. Moffet, Bingbing Wang, Alexander Laskin, and Andrew P. Ault
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 12595–12612, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-12595-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-12595-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
To determine important sources of aerosols during the Southern Oxidant and Aerosol Study (SOAS), as well as their mixing with secondary species, individual particles were analyzed with electron and X-ray microscopy to determine size and chemical composition. Secondary organic aerosol, sea spray aerosol, and mineral dust each dominated during different periods. Particles were less similar chemically to each other than is commonly assumed, which is important for air quality and climate models.
Prasad Kasibhatla, Tomás Sherwen, Mathew J. Evans, Lucy J. Carpenter, Chris Reed, Becky Alexander, Qianjie Chen, Melissa P. Sulprizio, James D. Lee, Katie A. Read, William Bloss, Leigh R. Crilley, William C. Keene, Alexander A. P. Pszenny, and Alma Hodzic
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 11185–11203, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-11185-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-11185-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Recent measurements of NOx and HONO suggest that photolysis of particulate nitrate in sea-salt aerosols is important in terms of marine boundary layer oxidant chemistry. We present the first global-scale assessment of the significance of this new chemical pathway for NOx, O3, and OH in the marine boundary layer. We also present a preliminary assessment of the potential impact of photolysis of particulate nitrate associated with other aerosol types on continental boundary layer chemistry.
Angela Benedetti, Jeffrey S. Reid, Peter Knippertz, John H. Marsham, Francesca Di Giuseppe, Samuel Rémy, Sara Basart, Olivier Boucher, Ian M. Brooks, Laurent Menut, Lucia Mona, Paolo Laj, Gelsomina Pappalardo, Alfred Wiedensohler, Alexander Baklanov, Malcolm Brooks, Peter R. Colarco, Emilio Cuevas, Arlindo da Silva, Jeronimo Escribano, Johannes Flemming, Nicolas Huneeus, Oriol Jorba, Stelios Kazadzis, Stefan Kinne, Thomas Popp, Patricia K. Quinn, Thomas T. Sekiyama, Taichu Tanaka, and Enric Terradellas
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 10615–10643, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-10615-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-10615-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Numerical prediction of aerosol particle properties has become an important activity at many research and operational weather centers. This development is due to growing interest from a diverse set of stakeholders, such as air quality regulatory bodies, aviation authorities, solar energy plant managers, climate service providers, and health professionals. This paper describes the advances in the field and sets out requirements for observations for the sustainability of these activities.
Rachel M. Kirpes, Amy L. Bondy, Daniel Bonanno, Ryan C. Moffet, Bingbing Wang, Alexander Laskin, Andrew P. Ault, and Kerri A. Pratt
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 3937–3949, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-3937-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-3937-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Arctic atmospheric particles have important climate impacts via cloud formation and precipitation, particularly in the wintertime. We show that sulfate, formed during atmospheric transport, is within individual sea spray particles and organic particles measured in the Alaskan Arctic. Greater contributions of combustion emissions were observed when the wind direction came from the Prudhoe Bay oil fields, showing its regional influence.
Matthew J. Gunsch, Nathaniel W. May, Miao Wen, Courtney L. H. Bottenus, Daniel J. Gardner, Timothy M. VanReken, Steven B. Bertman, Philip K. Hopke, Andrew P. Ault, and Kerri A. Pratt
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 3701–3715, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-3701-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-3701-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
During summer 2014, atmospheric particulate matter in northern Michigan was impacted by wildfire emissions under all air mass conditions (Canadian wildfires, US urban, and Canadian forest influences). Biomass burning particles coated with secondary organic aerosol contributed the majority of the submicron aerosol mass. Given increasing wildfires, the impacts of biomass burning on air quality must be assessed, particularly for downwind areas impacted by long-range transport.
Catalina Tsai, Max Spolaor, Santo Fedele Colosimo, Olga Pikelnaya, Ross Cheung, Eric Williams, Jessica B. Gilman, Brian M. Lerner, Robert J. Zamora, Carsten Warneke, James M. Roberts, Ravan Ahmadov, Joost de Gouw, Timothy Bates, Patricia K. Quinn, and Jochen Stutz
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 1977–1996, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-1977-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-1977-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Nitrous acid (HONO) photolysis is an important source of hydroxyl radicals (OH). Vertical HONO fluxes, observed in the snow-free, wintertime Uintah Basin, Utah, USA, show that chemical formation of HONO on the ground closes the HONO budget. Under high NOx conditions, HONO formation is most likely due to photo-enhanced conversion of NO2 on the ground. Under moderate to low NO2 conditions, photolysis of HNO3 on the ground seems to be the most likely source of HONO.
Ryan D. Cook, Ying-Hsuan Lin, Zhuoyu Peng, Eric Boone, Rosalie K. Chu, James E. Dukett, Matthew J. Gunsch, Wuliang Zhang, Nikola Tolic, Alexander Laskin, and Kerri A. Pratt
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 15167–15180, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-15167-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-15167-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
Reactions occur within water in both atmospheric particles and cloud droplets, yet little is known about the organic compounds in cloud water. In this work, cloud water samples were collected at Whiteface Mountain, New York, and analyzed using ultra-high-resolution mass spectrometry to investigate the molecular composition of the dissolved organic compounds. The results focus on changes in cloud water composition with air mass origin – influences of forest, urban, and wildfire emissions.
Matthew J. Gunsch, Rachel M. Kirpes, Katheryn R. Kolesar, Tate E. Barrett, Swarup China, Rebecca J. Sheesley, Alexander Laskin, Alfred Wiedensohler, Thomas Tuch, and Kerri A. Pratt
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 10879–10892, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-10879-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-10879-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
Arctic sea ice loss is leading to increasing petroleum extraction and shipping. It is necessary to identify emissions from these activities for improved Arctic air quality and climate assessment. Atmospheric particles were measured from August to September 2015 in Utqiaġvik, AK. For periods influenced by Prudhoe Bay, significant influence associated with combustion emissions was observed, compared to fresh sea spray influence during Arctic Ocean periods.
William R. Simpson, Peter K. Peterson, Udo Frieß, Holger Sihler, Johannes Lampel, Ulrich Platt, Chris Moore, Kerri Pratt, Paul Shepson, John Halfacre, and Son V. Nghiem
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 9291–9309, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-9291-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-9291-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
We investigated Arctic atmospheric bromine chemistry during March–April 2012 to improve understanding of the role of sea ice and cracks in sea ice (leads) in this phenomenon. We find that leads vertically redistribute reactive bromine but that open/re-freezing leads are not major direct reactive halogen sources. Surface ozone depletion affects the vertical distribution and amount of reactive halogens, and aerosol particles are necessary but not sufficient to maintain reactive bromine aloft.
Jonathan H. Slade, Chloé de Perre, Linda Lee, and Paul B. Shepson
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 8635–8650, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-8635-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-8635-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
This study provides new insight into the oxidation of polyolefinic monoterpenes and the dependence of the formation and yields of organic nitrates (ON) and secondary organic aerosol (SOA) on hydrocarbon structure. Here we have elucidated the ON, hydroxy nitrate, and SOA yields from the NO3 oxidation of γ-terpinene, a potentially relevant nighttime ON precursor in the Midwestern US. The results advance our understanding of the chemistry that influences NOx, O3 production, and aerosol formation.
Peter K. Peterson, Denis Pöhler, Holger Sihler, Johannes Zielcke, Stephan General, Udo Frieß, Ulrich Platt, William R. Simpson, Son V. Nghiem, Paul B. Shepson, Brian H. Stirm, Suresh Dhaniyala, Thomas Wagner, Dana R. Caulton, Jose D. Fuentes, and Kerri A. Pratt
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 7567–7579, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-7567-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-7567-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
High-spatial-resolution aircraft measurements in the Arctic showed the sustained transport of reactive bromine in a lofted layer via heterogeneous reactions on aerosol particles. This process provides an explanation for free tropospheric reactive bromine and the significant spatial extent of satellite-observed bromine monoxide. The knowledge gained herein improves our understanding of the fate and transport of atmospheric pollutants in the Arctic.
Chelsea R. Thompson, Paul B. Shepson, Jin Liao, L. Greg Huey, Chris Cantrell, Frank Flocke, and John Orlando
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 3401–3421, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-3401-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-3401-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
The generally accepted mechanism leading to ozone depletion events in the Arctic assumes efficient gas-phase recycling of bromine atoms, such that the rate of ozone depletion has often been estimated as the rate that Br atoms regenerate through gas-phase BrO + BrO and BrO + ClO reactions. Using a large suite of data from the OASIS2009 campaign, our modeling results show that the gas-phase regeneration of Br is less efficient than expected and that heterogeneous recycling on surfaces is critical.
Adam P. Bateman, Zhaoheng Gong, Tristan H. Harder, Suzane S. de Sá, Bingbing Wang, Paulo Castillo, Swarup China, Yingjun Liu, Rachel E. O'Brien, Brett B. Palm, Hung-Wei Shiu, Glauber G. Cirino, Ryan Thalman, Kouji Adachi, M. Lizabeth Alexander, Paulo Artaxo, Allan K. Bertram, Peter R. Buseck, Mary K. Gilles, Jose L. Jimenez, Alexander Laskin, Antonio O. Manzi, Arthur Sedlacek, Rodrigo A. F. Souza, Jian Wang, Rahul Zaveri, and Scot T. Martin
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 1759–1773, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-1759-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-1759-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
The occurrence of nonliquid and liquid physical states of submicron atmospheric particulate matter (PM) downwind of an urban region in central Amazonia was investigated. Air masses representing background conditions, urban pollution, and regional- and continental-scale biomass were measured. Anthropogenic influences contributed to the presence of nonliquid PM in the atmospheric particle population, while liquid PM dominated during periods of biogenic influence.
Joel D. Rindelaub, Carlos H. Borca, Matthew A. Hostetler, Jonathan H. Slade, Mark A. Lipton, Lyudmila V. Slipchenko, and Paul B. Shepson
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 15425–15432, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-15425-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-15425-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
This study provides new insight into the hydrolysis reaction mechanism, which was elucidated for atmospherically relevant organic nitrates using kinetic measurements, product identification, and theoretical calculations. The results help broaden our knowledge of the organic chemistry that impacts the fate of NOx, ozone production, aerosol phase processing, and aerosol composition.
Janarjan Bhandari, Swarup China, Timothy Onasch, Lindsay Wolff, Andrew Lambe, Paul Davidovits, Eben Cross, Adam Ahern, Jason Olfert, Manvendra Dubey, and Claudio Mazzoleni
Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2016-270, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2016-270, 2016
Revised manuscript not accepted
Short summary
Short summary
Soot particles emitted during the incomplete burning activities, absorb solar radiation and contribute to global warming. Light absorption by soot is also affected by its structure. To investigate whether the soot particle changes its structure or not, we used thermodenuding technique in which soot particles were passed through a heated tube (275 0C). Our study found only minor restructuring of soot suggesting no significant biases in absorption by the modification of soot structure alone.
Maria Zatko, Joseph Erbland, Joel Savarino, Lei Geng, Lauren Easley, Andrew Schauer, Timothy Bates, Patricia K. Quinn, Bonnie Light, David Morison, Hans D. Osthoff, Seth Lyman, William Neff, Bin Yuan, and Becky Alexander
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 13837–13851, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-13837-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-13837-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
This manuscript presents chemical and optical observations collected in the air and snow during UBWOS2014 in eastern Utah. These observations are used to calculate fluxes of reactive nitrogen associated with snow nitrate photolysis. Snow-sourced reactive nitrogen fluxes are compared to reactive nitrogen emission inventories to find that snow-sourced reactive nitrogen is a minor contributor to the reactive nitrogen budget, and thus wintertime ground-level ozone formation, in the Uintah Basin.
Qianjie Chen, Lei Geng, Johan A. Schmidt, Zhouqing Xie, Hui Kang, Jordi Dachs, Jihong Cole-Dai, Andrew J. Schauer, Madeline G. Camp, and Becky Alexander
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 11433–11450, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-11433-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-11433-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
The formation mechanisms of sulfate in the marine boundary layer are not well understood, which could result in large uncertainties in aerosol radiative forcing. We measure the oxygen isotopic composition (Δ17O) of sulfate collected in the MBL and analyze with a global transport model. Our results suggest that 33–50 % of MBL sulfate is formed via oxidation of S(IV) by hypohalous acids HOBr / HOCl in the aqueous phase, and the daily-mean HOBr/HOCl concentrations are on the order of 0.01–0.1 ppt.
Nathaniel W. May, Jessica L. Axson, Alexa Watson, Kerri A. Pratt, and Andrew P. Ault
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 9, 4311–4325, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-9-4311-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-9-4311-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Aerosols are generated every time a wave breaks, as bubbles are formed that rise to the surface and burst. A great deal is known about sea spray aerosol from oceans, but very little is known about particles formed from freshwater, such as lakes and rivers. This study determines how "lake spray aerosol" is formed, which leads to distinctly different sizes and chemical composition from sea spray aerosol. These differences impact climate, weather, and human health near bodies of freshwater.
Luping Su, Edward G. Patton, Jordi Vilà-Guerau de Arellano, Alex B. Guenther, Lisa Kaser, Bin Yuan, Fulizi Xiong, Paul B. Shepson, Li Zhang, David O. Miller, William H. Brune, Karsten Baumann, Eric Edgerton, Andrew Weinheimer, Pawel K. Misztal, Jeong-Hoo Park, Allen H. Goldstein, Kate M. Skog, Frank N. Keutsch, and John E. Mak
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 7725–7741, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-7725-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-7725-2016, 2016
Jenny A. Fisher, Daniel J. Jacob, Katherine R. Travis, Patrick S. Kim, Eloise A. Marais, Christopher Chan Miller, Karen Yu, Lei Zhu, Robert M. Yantosca, Melissa P. Sulprizio, Jingqiu Mao, Paul O. Wennberg, John D. Crounse, Alex P. Teng, Tran B. Nguyen, Jason M. St. Clair, Ronald C. Cohen, Paul Romer, Benjamin A. Nault, Paul J. Wooldridge, Jose L. Jimenez, Pedro Campuzano-Jost, Douglas A. Day, Weiwei Hu, Paul B. Shepson, Fulizi Xiong, Donald R. Blake, Allen H. Goldstein, Pawel K. Misztal, Thomas F. Hanisco, Glenn M. Wolfe, Thomas B. Ryerson, Armin Wisthaler, and Tomas Mikoviny
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 5969–5991, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-5969-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-5969-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
We use new airborne and ground-based observations from two summer 2013 campaigns in the southeastern US, interpreted with a chemical transport model, to understand the impact of isoprene and monoterpene chemistry on the atmospheric NOx budget via production of organic nitrates (RONO2). We find that a diversity of species contribute to observed RONO2. Our work implies that the NOx sink to RONO2 production is only sensitive to NOx emissions in regions where they are already low.
Fulizi Xiong, Carlos H. Borca, Lyudmila V. Slipchenko, and Paul B. Shepson
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 5595–5610, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-5595-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-5595-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Here we report on a detailed study of the photochemistry and fate of a nitrooxy enal that is produced from the reaction of NO3 with isoprene. We synthesized the 4,1-nitrooxy enal, purified it, and measured the O3 and OH reaction rate constants, and determined the atmospheric photodissociation rate constant for specified radiation conditions. The determined fast photolysis rate and high reactivity toward OH lead to a lifetime of less than 1 hour, with photolysis being a dominant daytime sink.
R. J. Wild, P. M. Edwards, T. S. Bates, R. C. Cohen, J. A. de Gouw, W. P. Dubé, J. B. Gilman, J. Holloway, J. Kercher, A. R. Koss, L. Lee, B. M. Lerner, R. McLaren, P. K. Quinn, J. M. Roberts, J. Stutz, J. A. Thornton, P. R. Veres, C. Warneke, E. Williams, C. J. Young, B. Yuan, K. J. Zarzana, and S. S. Brown
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 573–583, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-573-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-573-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
High wintertime ozone levels have been observed in the Uintah Basin, Utah, a sparsely populated rural region with intensive oil and gas operations. The reactive nitrogen budget plays an important role in tropospheric ozone formation, and we find that nighttime chemistry has a large effect on its partitioning. Much of the oxidation of reactive nitrogen during a high-ozone year occurred via heterogeneous uptake onto aerosol at night, keeping NOx at concentrations comparable to a low-ozone year.
S. Walter, A. Kock, T. Steinhoff, B. Fiedler, P. Fietzek, J. Kaiser, M. Krol, M. E. Popa, Q. Chen, T. Tanhua, and T. Röckmann
Biogeosciences, 13, 323–340, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-323-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-323-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Oceans are a source of H2, an indirect greenhouse gas. Measurements constraining the temporal and spatial patterns of oceanic H2 emissions are sparse and although H2 is assumed to be produced mainly biologically, direct evidence for biogenic marine production was lacking. By analyzing the H2 isotopic composition (δD) we were able to constrain the global H2 budget in more detail, verify biogenic production and point to additional sources. We also showed that current models are reasonably working.
Q. Chen, M. E. Popa, A. M. Batenburg, and T. Röckmann
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 13003–13021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-13003-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-13003-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
We investigated soil production and uptake of H2 and associated isotope effects. Uptake and emission of H2 occurred simultaneously at all sampling sites, with strongest emission where N2 fixing legume was present. The fractionation constant during soil uptake was about 0.945 and it did not show positive correlation with deposition velocity. The isotopic composition of H2 emitted from soil with legume was about -530‰, which is less deuterium-depleted than isotope equilibrium between H2O and H2.
F. Xiong, K. M. McAvey, K. A. Pratt, C. J. Groff, M. A. Hostetler, M. A. Lipton, T. K. Starn, J. V. Seeley, S. B. Bertman, A. P. Teng, J. D. Crounse, T. B. Nguyen, P. O. Wennberg, P. K. Misztal, A. H. Goldstein, A. B. Guenther, A. R. Koss, K. F. Olson, J. A. de Gouw, K. Baumann, E. S. Edgerton, P. A. Feiner, L. Zhang, D. O. Miller, W. H. Brune, and P. B. Shepson
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 11257–11272, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-11257-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-11257-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
Hydroxynitrates from isoprene oxidation were quantified both in the laboratory and through field studies. The yield of hydroxynitrates 9(+4/-3)% derived from chamber experiments was applied in a zero-dimensional model to simulate the production and loss of isoprene hydroxynitrates in an ambient environment during the 2013 Southern Oxidant and Aerosol Study (SOAS). NOx was determined to be the limiting factor for the formation of isoprene hydroxynitrates during SOAS.
K. D. Custard, C. R. Thompson, K. A. Pratt, P B. Shepson, J. Liao, L. G. Huey, J. J. Orlando, A. J. Weinheimer, E. Apel, S. R. Hall, F. Flocke, L. Mauldin, R. S. Hornbrook, D. Pöhler, S. General, J. Zielcke, W. R. Simpson, U. Platt, A. Fried, P. Weibring, B. C. Sive, K. Ullmann, C. Cantrell, D. J. Knapp, and D. D. Montzka
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 10799–10809, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-10799-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-10799-2015, 2015
H. M. Allen, D. C. Draper, B. R. Ayres, A. Ault, A. Bondy, S. Takahama, R. L. Modini, K. Baumann, E. Edgerton, C. Knote, A. Laskin, B. Wang, and J. L. Fry
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 10669–10685, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-10669-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-10669-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
We report ion chromatographic measurements of gas- and aerosol-phase inorganic species at the SOAS 2013 field study. Our particular focus is on inorganic nitrate aerosol formation via HNO3 uptake onto coarse-mode dust and sea salt particles, which we find to be the dominant source of episodic inorganic nitrate at this site, due to the high acidity of the particles preventing formation of NH4NO3. We calculate a production rate of inorganic nitrate aerosol.
C. R. Thompson, P. B. Shepson, J. Liao, L. G. Huey, E. C. Apel, C. A. Cantrell, F. Flocke, J. Orlando, A. Fried, S. R. Hall, R. S. Hornbrook, D. J. Knapp, R. L. Mauldin III, D. D. Montzka, B. C. Sive, K. Ullmann, P. Weibring, and A. Weinheimer
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 9651–9679, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-9651-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-9651-2015, 2015
S. Eckhardt, B. Quennehen, D. J. L. Olivié, T. K. Berntsen, R. Cherian, J. H. Christensen, W. Collins, S. Crepinsek, N. Daskalakis, M. Flanner, A. Herber, C. Heyes, Ø. Hodnebrog, L. Huang, M. Kanakidou, Z. Klimont, J. Langner, K. S. Law, M. T. Lund, R. Mahmood, A. Massling, S. Myriokefalitakis, I. E. Nielsen, J. K. Nøjgaard, J. Quaas, P. K. Quinn, J.-C. Raut, S. T. Rumbold, M. Schulz, S. Sharma, R. B. Skeie, H. Skov, T. Uttal, K. von Salzen, and A. Stohl
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 9413–9433, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-9413-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-9413-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
The concentrations of sulfate, black carbon and other aerosols in the Arctic are characterized by high values in late winter and spring (so-called Arctic Haze) and low values in summer. Models have long been struggling to capture this seasonality. In this study, we evaluate sulfate and BC concentrations from different updated models and emissions against a comprehensive pan-Arctic measurement data set. We find that the models improved but still struggle to get the maximum concentrations.
L. Lee, P. J. Wooldridge, J. deGouw, S. S. Brown, T. S. Bates, P. K. Quinn, and R. C. Cohen
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 9313–9325, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-9313-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-9313-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
Secondary organic aerosol affects both the environment and human health. We characterized the aerosol composition in Uintah Basin by measuring the concentration of nitrooxy group moiety which is produced through chemical interaction of volatile organic compounds and NOx emitted largely from local human activity. We found nitrooxy compounds to be a persistent, if not dominant, portion of fine aerosol mass. Similar results may be expected from emissions due to traffic in cities.
P. R. Veres, J. M. Roberts, R. J. Wild, P. M. Edwards, S. S. Brown, T. S. Bates, P. K. Quinn, J. E. Johnson, R. J. Zamora, and J. de Gouw
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 8101–8114, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-8101-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-8101-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
In this paper laboratory work is documented establishing iodide ion chemical ionization mass spectrometry (I- CIMS) as a sensitive method for the unambiguous detection of peroxynitric acid (HO2NO2; PNA). A dynamic calibration source for HO2NO2, HO2, and HONO was developed and calibrated using a novel total NOy detector (NOy CaRDS). The ambient observations of HO2NO2 using I- CIMS made during the 2013 and 2014 Uintah Basin Wintertime Ozone Study (UBWOS) are presented.
B. V. Scarnato, S. China, K. Nielsen, and C. Mazzoleni
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 6913–6928, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-6913-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-6913-2015, 2015
J. M. Creamean, A. P. Ault, A. B. White, P. J. Neiman, F. M. Ralph, P. Minnis, and K. A. Prather
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 6535–6548, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-6535-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-6535-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
Aerosols impact how clouds and precipitation form. In the California Sierra Nevada, we found that the formation and resulting amount of rain and snow were impacted by mineral dust, bioparticles such as bacteria, and biomass burning and pollution particles during three winter seasons. Dust and bioparticles from distant sources impacted high-altitude clouds by forming ice, leading to more precipitation, whereas local biomass burning and pollution entered the base of clouds, leading to less rain.
A. R. Koss, J. de Gouw, C. Warneke, J. B. Gilman, B. M. Lerner, M. Graus, B. Yuan, P. Edwards, S. S. Brown, R. Wild, J. M. Roberts, T. S. Bates, and P. K. Quinn
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 5727–5741, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-5727-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-5727-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
Extraction of natural gas and oil is associated with a range of possible atmospheric environmental issues. Here we present an analysis of gas-phase hydrocarbon measurements taken in an oil and natural gas extraction area in Utah during a period of high wintertime ozone. We are able to constrain important chemical parameters related to emission sources and rates, hydrocarbon photochemistry, and VOC composition.
K. Dzepina, C. Mazzoleni, P. Fialho, S. China, B. Zhang, R. C. Owen, D. Helmig, J. Hueber, S. Kumar, J. A. Perlinger, L. J. Kramer, M. P. Dziobak, M. T. Ampadu, S. Olsen, D. J. Wuebbles, and L. R. Mazzoleni
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 5047–5068, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-5047-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-5047-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
Aerosol was sampled at the Pico Mountain Observatory located at 2.2km amsl on Pico Island of the North Atlantic Azores archipelago. Two aerosol samples characterized by ultrahigh resolution mass spectrometry had biomass burning and marine emissions origins, as corroborated by collocated gas- and particle-phase measurements, air masses analyses and satellites. The paper presents the first molecular characterization of aged and processed aerosol intercepted at a remote lower free troposphere
P. K. Peterson, W. R. Simpson, K. A. Pratt, P. B. Shepson, U. Frieß, J. Zielcke, U. Platt, S. J. Walsh, and S. V. Nghiem
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 2119–2137, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-2119-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-2119-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
We developed methods to measure the vertical distribution of bromine monoxide, a gas that oxidizes pollutants, above sea ice based upon MAX-DOAS observations from Barrow, Alaska, and find that atmospheric stability exerts a strong control on BrO's vertical distribution. Specifically, more stable (temperature inversion) situations result in BrO being closer to the ground while more neutral (not inverted) atmospheres allow BrO to ascend further aloft and grow to larger column abundance.
B. Yuan, P. R. Veres, C. Warneke, J. M. Roberts, J. B. Gilman, A. Koss, P. M. Edwards, M. Graus, W. C. Kuster, S.-M. Li, R. J. Wild, S. S. Brown, W. P. Dubé, B. M. Lerner, E. J. Williams, J. E. Johnson, P. K. Quinn, T. S. Bates, B. Lefer, P. L. Hayes, J. L. Jimenez, R. J. Weber, R. Zamora, B. Ervens, D. B. Millet, B. Rappenglück, and J. A. de Gouw
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 1975–1993, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-1975-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-1975-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
In this work, secondary formation of formic acid at an urban site and a site in an oil and gas production region is studied. We investigated various gas phase formation pathways of formic acid, including those recently proposed, using a box model. The contributions from aerosol-related processes, fog events and air-snow exchange to formic acid are also quantified.
I. Nuaaman, S.-M. Li, K. L. Hayden, T. B. Onasch, P. Massoli, D. Sueper, D. R. Worsnop, T. S. Bates, P. K. Quinn, and R. McLaren
Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/acpd-15-2085-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/acpd-15-2085-2015, 2015
Revised manuscript has not been submitted
Short summary
Short summary
In this paper, we focus on the measurement and reporting of mass concentrations of particulate chloride and sea salt in a marine area off the coast of California using a High Resolution Aerosol Mass Spectrometer. We outline a method of deconvolving the total aerosol chloride mass into refractory and non-refractory components, previously not reported in the literature. This can be important in regions where refractory sea salt aerosols can contribute to the aerosol chloride signal measured with t
S. General, D. Pöhler, H. Sihler, N. Bobrowski, U. Frieß, J. Zielcke, M. Horbanski, P. B. Shepson, B. H. Stirm, W. R. Simpson, K. Weber, C. Fischer, and U. Platt
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 7, 3459–3485, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-7-3459-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-7-3459-2014, 2014
K. C. Kaku, J. S. Reid, N. T. O'Neill, P. K. Quinn, D. J. Coffman, and T. F. Eck
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 7, 3399–3412, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-7-3399-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-7-3399-2014, 2014
M. O. L. Cambaliza, P. B. Shepson, D. R. Caulton, B. Stirm, D. Samarov, K. R. Gurney, J. Turnbull, K. J. Davis, A. Possolo, A. Karion, C. Sweeney, B. Moser, A. Hendricks, T. Lauvaux, K. Mays, J. Whetstone, J. Huang, I. Razlivanov, N. L. Miles, and S. J. Richardson
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 9029–9050, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-9029-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-9029-2014, 2014
J. W. Halfacre, T. N. Knepp, P. B. Shepson, C. R. Thompson, K. A. Pratt, B. Li, P. K. Peterson, S. J. Walsh, W. R. Simpson, P. A. Matrai, J. W. Bottenheim, S. Netcheva, D. K. Perovich, and A. Richter
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 4875–4894, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-4875-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-4875-2014, 2014
M. Chin, T. Diehl, Q. Tan, J. M. Prospero, R. A. Kahn, L. A. Remer, H. Yu, A. M. Sayer, H. Bian, I. V. Geogdzhayev, B. N. Holben, S. G. Howell, B. J. Huebert, N. C. Hsu, D. Kim, T. L. Kucsera, R. C. Levy, M. I. Mishchenko, X. Pan, P. K. Quinn, G. L. Schuster, D. G. Streets, S. A. Strode, O. Torres, and X.-P. Zhao
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 3657–3690, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-3657-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-3657-2014, 2014
G. M. Buffaloe, D. A. Lack, E. J. Williams, D. Coffman, K. L. Hayden, B. M. Lerner, S.-M. Li, I. Nuaaman, P. Massoli, T. B. Onasch, P. K. Quinn, and C. D. Cappa
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 1881–1896, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-1881-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-1881-2014, 2014
C. D. Cappa, E. J. Williams, D. A. Lack, G. M. Buffaloe, D. Coffman, K. L. Hayden, S. C. Herndon, B. M. Lerner, S.-M. Li, P. Massoli, R. McLaren, I. Nuaaman, T. B. Onasch, and P. K. Quinn
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 1337–1352, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-1337-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-1337-2014, 2014
J. D. Rindelaub, K. M. McAvey, and P. B. Shepson
Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/acpd-14-3301-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/acpd-14-3301-2014, 2014
Revised manuscript not accepted
H. Grythe, J. Ström, R. Krejci, P. Quinn, and A. Stohl
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 1277–1297, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-1277-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-1277-2014, 2014
T. S. Bates, P. K. Quinn, J. E. Johnson, A. Corless, F. J. Brechtel, S. E. Stalin, C. Meinig, and J. F. Burkhart
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 6, 2115–2120, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-6-2115-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-6-2115-2013, 2013
S. M. Griffith, R. F. Hansen, S. Dusanter, P. S. Stevens, M. Alaghmand, S. B. Bertman, M. A. Carroll, M. Erickson, M. Galloway, N. Grossberg, J. Hottle, J. Hou, B. T. Jobson, A. Kammrath, F. N. Keutsch, B. L. Lefer, L. H. Mielke, A. O'Brien, P. B. Shepson, M. Thurlow, W. Wallace, N. Zhang, and X. L. Zhou
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 5403–5423, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-5403-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-5403-2013, 2013
M. Gyawali, W. P. Arnott, R. A. Zaveri, C. Song, M. Pekour, B. Flowers, M. K. Dubey, A. Setyan, Q. Zhang, J. W. Harworth, J. G. Radney, D. B. Atkinson, S. China, C. Mazzoleni, K. Gorkowski, R. Subramanian, B. T. Jobson, and H. Moosmüller
Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/acpd-13-7113-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/acpd-13-7113-2013, 2013
Revised manuscript not accepted
Related subject area
Subject: Aerosols | Research Activity: Field Measurements | Altitude Range: Troposphere | Science Focus: Chemistry (chemical composition and reactions)
Seasonal variation of aerosol iron solubility in coarse and fine particles at an inland city in northwestern China
Unambiguous identification of N-containing oxygenated organic molecules using a chemical-ionization Orbitrap (CI-Orbitrap) in an eastern Chinese megacity
Estimating hub-height wind speed based on a machine learning algorithm: implications for wind energy assessment
Characteristics and degradation of organic aerosols from cooking sources based on hourly observations of organic molecular markers in urban environments
Characteristics of particulate-bound n-alkanes indicating sources of PM2.5 in Beijing, China
Characterization of volatile organic compounds and submicron organic aerosol in a traffic environment
Non-volatile marine and non-refractory continental sources of particle-phase amine during the North Atlantic Aerosols and Marine Ecosystems Study (NAAMES)
Effects of transport on a biomass burning plume from Indochina during EMeRGe-Asia identified by WRF-Chem
The shifting of secondary inorganic aerosol formation mechanisms during haze aggravation: the decisive role of aerosol liquid water
Collective geographical ecoregions and precursor sources driving Arctic new particle formation
Measurement report: Chemical components and 13C and 15N isotope ratios of fine aerosols over Tianjin, North China: year-round observations
Impact of biogenic secondary organic aerosol (SOA) loading on the molecular composition of wintertime PM2.5 in urban Tianjin: an insight from Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry
Impacts of biomass burning and photochemical processing on the light absorption of brown carbon in the southeastern Tibetan Plateau
Fates of secondary organic aerosols in the atmosphere identified from compound-specific dual-carbon isotope analysis of oxalic acid
Measurement report: Aerosol vertical profiles over the western North Atlantic Ocean during the North Atlantic Aerosols and Marine Ecosystems Study (NAAMES)
Characteristics of fine particle matter at the top of Shanghai Tower
Measurement report: Abundance and fractional solubilities of aerosol metals in urban Hong Kong – insights into factors that control aerosol metal dissolution in an urban site in South China
Measurement report: Intensive biomass burning emissions and rapid nitrate formation drive severe haze formation in the Sichuan Basin, China – insights from aerosol mass spectrometry
African smoke particles act as cloud condensation nuclei in the wintertime tropical North Atlantic boundary layer over Barbados
Measurement report: Changes in light absorption and molecular composition of water-soluble humic-like substances during a winter haze bloom-decay process in Guangzhou, China
Varying chiral ratio of pinic acid enantiomers above the Amazon rainforest
Impact of aging on the sources, volatility, and viscosity of organic aerosols in Chinese outflows
Biogenic and anthropogenic sources of isoprene and monoterpenes and their secondary organic aerosol in Delhi, India
Different physicochemical behaviors of nitrate and ammonium during transport: a case study on Mt. Hua, China
A method for using stationary networks to observe long-term trends of on-road emission factors of primary aerosol from heavy-duty vehicles
Chromophores and chemical composition of brown carbon characterized at an urban kerbside by excitation–emission spectroscopy and mass spectrometry
Measurement report: Contrasting elevation-dependent light absorption by black and brown carbon: lessons from in situ measurements from the highly polluted Sichuan Basin to the pristine Tibetan Plateau
Long-term declines in atmospheric nitrogen and sulfur deposition reduce critical loads exceedances at multiple Canadian rural sites, 2000–2018
Composition and mixing state of Arctic aerosol and cloud residual particles from long-term single-particle observations at Zeppelin Observatory, Svalbard
A meteorological overview of the ORACLES (ObseRvations of Aerosols above CLouds and their intEractionS) campaign over the southeastern Atlantic during 2016–2018: Part 2 – Daily and synoptic characteristics
Insights into the single particle composition, size, mixing state and aspect ratio of freshly emitted mineral dust from field measurements in the Moroccan Sahara using electron microscopy
Measurement report: Characterization of sugars and amino acids in atmospheric fine particulates and their relationship to local primary sources
Organic enrichment in droplet residual particles relative to out of cloud over the northwestern Atlantic: analysis of airborne ACTIVATE data
Long-term trends and drivers of aerosol pH in eastern China
Potential underestimation of ambient brown carbon absorption based on the methanol extraction method and its impacts on source analysis
Contributions of primary sources to submicron organic aerosols in Delhi, India
Summertime fluorescence characteristics of atmospheric water-soluble organic carbon in the marine boundary layer of the western Arctic Ocean
Examination of brown carbon absorption from wildfires in the western US during the WE-CAN study
Source apportionment and evolution of N-containing aerosols at a rural cloud forest in Taiwan by isotope analysis
Measurement report: Characterisation and sources of the secondary organic carbon in a Chinese megacity over 5 years from 2016 to 2020
Exploring the inorganic composition of the Asian Tropopause Aerosol Layer using medium-duration balloon flights
Technical note: Use of PM2.5 to CO ratio as an indicator of wildfire smoke in urban areas
Ice-nucleating particles near two major dust source regions
The effect of COVID-19 restrictions on atmospheric new particle formation in Beijing
The effect of clouds and precipitation on the aerosol concentrations and composition in a boreal forest environment
High frequency of new particle formation events driven by summer monsoon in the central Tibetan Plateau, China
The impact of atmospheric motions on source-specific black carbon and the induced direct radiative effects over a river-valley region
Measurement report: The 10-year trend of PM2.5 major components and source tracers from 2008 to 2017 in an urban site of Hong Kong, China
Contribution of wood burning to exposures of PAHs and oxy-PAHs in Eastern Sweden
Chemical evolution of secondary organic aerosol tracers during high-PM2.5 episodes at a suburban site in Hong Kong over 4 months of continuous measurement
Huanhuan Zhang, Rui Li, Chengpeng Huang, Xiaofei Li, Shuwei Dong, Fu Wang, Tingting Li, Yizhu Chen, Guohua Zhang, Yan Ren, Qingcai Chen, Ru-jin Huang, Siyu Chen, Tao Xue, Xinming Wang, and Mingjin Tang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 3543–3559, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-3543-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-3543-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This work investigated the seasonal variation of aerosol Fe solubility for coarse and fine particles in Xi’an, a megacity in northwestern China severely affected by anthropogenic emission and desert dust aerosol. In addition, we discussed in depth what controlled aerosol Fe solubility at different seasons for coarse and fine particles.
Yiqun Lu, Yingge Ma, Dan Dan Huang, Shengrong Lou, Sheng'ao Jing, Yaqin Gao, Hongli Wang, Yanjun Zhang, Hui Chen, Yunhua Chang, Naiqiang Yan, Jianmin Chen, Christian George, Matthieu Riva, and Cheng Huang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 3233–3245, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-3233-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-3233-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
N-containing oxygenated organic molecules have been identified as important precursors of aerosol particles. We used an ultra-high-resolution mass spectrometer coupled with an online sample inlet to accurately measure their molecular composition, concentration level and variation patterns. We show their formation process and influencing factors in a Chinese megacity involving various volatile organic compound precursors and atmospheric oxidants, and we highlight the influence of PM2.5 episodes.
Boming Liu, Xin Ma, Jianping Guo, Hui Li, Shikuan Jin, Yingying Ma, and Wei Gong
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 3181–3193, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-3181-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-3181-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Wind energy is one of the most essential clean and renewable forms of energy in today’s world. However, the traditional power law method generally estimates the hub-height wind speed by assuming a constant exponent between surface and hub-height wind speeds. This inevitably leads to significant uncertainties in estimating the wind speed profile. To minimize the uncertainties, we here use a machine learning algorithm known as random forest to estimate the wind speed at hub height.
Rui Li, Kun Zhang, Qing Li, Liumei Yang, Shunyao Wang, Zhiqiang Liu, Xiaojuan Zhang, Hui Chen, Yanan Yi, Jialiang Feng, Qiongqiong Wang, Ling Huang, Wu Wang, Yangjun Wang, Jian Zhen Yu, and Li Li
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 3065–3081, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-3065-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-3065-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Molecular markers in organic aerosol (OA) provide specific source information on PM2.5, and the contribution of cooking emissions to OA is significant, especially in urban environments. This study investigates the variation in concentrations and oxidative degradation of fatty acids and corresponding oxidation products in ambient air, which can be a guide for the refinement of aerosol source apportionment and provide scientific support for the development of emission source control policies.
Jiyuan Yang, Guoyang Lei, Chang Liu, Yutong Wu, Kai Hu, Jinfeng Zhu, Junsong Bao, Weili Lin, and Jun Jin
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 3015–3029, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-3015-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-3015-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The characteristics of n-alkanes and the contributions of various sources of PM2.5 in the atmosphere in Beijing were studied. There were marked seasonal and diurnal differences in the n-alkane concentrations (p<0.01). Particulate-bound n-alkanes were supplied by anthropogenic and biogenic sources; fossil fuel combustion was the dominant contributor. Vehicle exhausts strongly affect PM2.5 pollution. Controlling vehicle exhaust emissions is key to control n-alkane and PM2.5 pollution in Beijing.
Sanna Saarikoski, Heidi Hellén, Arnaud P. Praplan, Simon Schallhart, Petri Clusius, Jarkko V. Niemi, Anu Kousa, Toni Tykkä, Rostislav Kouznetsov, Minna Aurela, Laura Salo, Topi Rönkkö, Luis M. F. Barreira, Liisa Pirjola, and Hilkka Timonen
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 2963–2982, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-2963-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-2963-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This study elucidates properties and sources of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and organic aerosol (OA) in a traffic environment. Anthropogenic VOCs (aVOCs) were clearly higher than biogenic VOCs (bVOCs), but bVOCs produced a larger portion of oxidation products. OA consisted mostly of oxygenated OA, representing secondary OA (SOA). SOA was partly associated with bVOCs, but it was also related to long-range transport. Primary OA originated mostly from traffic.
Veronica Z. Berta, Lynn M. Russell, Derek J. Price, Chia-Li Chen, Alex K. Y. Lee, Patricia K. Quinn, Timothy S. Bates, Thomas G. Bell, and Michael J. Behrenfeld
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 2765–2787, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-2765-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-2765-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Amines are compounds emitted from a variety of marine and continental sources and were measured by aerosol mass spectrometry and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy during the North Atlantic Aerosols and Marine Ecosystems Study (NAAMES) cruises. Secondary continental and primary marine sources of amines were identified by comparisons to tracers. The results show that the two methods are complementary for investigating amines in the marine environment.
Chuan-Yao Lin, Wan-Chin Chen, Yi-Yun Chien, Charles C. K. Chou, Chian-Yi Liu, Helmut Ziereis, Hans Schlager, Eric Förster, Florian Obersteiner, Ovid O. Krüger, Bruna A. Holanda, Mira L. Pöhlker, Katharina Kaiser, Johannes Schneider, Birger Bohn, Klaus Pfeilsticker, Benjamin Weyland, Maria Dolores Andrés Hernández, and John P. Burrows
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 2627–2647, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-2627-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-2627-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
During the EMeRGe campaign in Asia, atmospheric pollutants were measured on board the HALO aircraft. The WRF-Chem model was employed to evaluate the biomass burning (BB) plume transported from Indochina and its impact on the downstream areas. The combination of BB aerosol enhancement with cloud water resulted in a reduction in incoming shortwave radiation at the surface in southern China and the East China Sea, which potentially has significant regional climate implications.
Fei Xie, Yue Su, Yongli Tian, Yanju Shi, Xingjun Zhou, Peng Wang, Ruihong Yu, Wei Wang, Jiang He, Jinyuan Xin, and Changwei Lü
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 2365–2378, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-2365-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-2365-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This work finds the shifting of secondary inorganic aerosol formation mechanisms during haze aggravation and explains the decisive role of aerosol liquid water on a broader scale (~ 500 μg m3) in an ammonia-rich atmosphere based on the in situ high-resolution online monitoring datasets.
James Brean, David C. S. Beddows, Roy M. Harrison, Congbo Song, Peter Tunved, Johan Ström, Radovan Krejci, Eyal Freud, Andreas Massling, Henrik Skov, Eija Asmi, Angelo Lupi, and Manuel Dall'Osto
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 2183–2198, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-2183-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-2183-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Our results emphasize how understanding the geographical variation in surface types across the Arctic is key to understanding secondary aerosol sources. We provide a harmonised analysis of new particle formation across the Arctic.
Zhichao Dong, Chandra Mouli Pavuluri, Zhanjie Xu, Yu Wang, Peisen Li, Pingqing Fu, and Cong-Qiang Liu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 2119–2143, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-2119-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-2119-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This study has provided comprehensive baseline data of carbonaceous and inorganic aerosols as well as their isotope ratios in the Tianjin region, North China, found that Tianjin aerosols were derived from coal combustion, biomass burning and photochemical reactions of VOCs, and also implied that the Tianjin aerosols were more aged during long-range atmospheric transport in summer via carbonaceous and isotope data analysis.
Shujun Zhong, Shuang Chen, Junjun Deng, Yanbing Fan, Qiang Zhang, Qiaorong Xie, Yulin Qi, Wei Hu, Libin Wu, Xiaodong Li, Chandra Mouli Pavuluri, Jialei Zhu, Xin Wang, Di Liu, Xiaole Pan, Yele Sun, Zifa Wang, Yisheng Xu, Haijie Tong, Hang Su, Yafang Cheng, Kimitaka Kawamura, and Pingqing Fu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 2061–2077, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-2061-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-2061-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This study investigated the role of the secondary organic aerosol (SOA) loading on the molecular composition of wintertime urban aerosols by ultrahigh-resolution mass spectrometry. Results demonstrate that the SOA loading is an important factor associated with the oxidation degree, nitrate group content, and chemodiversity of nitrooxy–organosulfates. Our study also found that the hydrolysis of nitrooxy–organosulfates is a possible pathway for the formation of organosulfates.
Jie Tian, Qiyuan Wang, Yongyong Ma, Jin Wang, Yongming Han, and Junji Cao
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 1879–1892, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-1879-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-1879-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We investigated the light absorption properties of brown carbon (BrC) in the Tibetan Plateau (TP). BrC made a substantial contribution to the submicron aerosol absorption, which is related to the cross-border transport of biomass burning emission and secondary aerosol from Southeast Asia. The radiative effect of BrC was half that of black carbon, which can remarkably affect the radiative balance of the TP.
Buqing Xu, Jiao Tang, Tiangang Tang, Shizhen Zhao, Guangcai Zhong, Sanyuan Zhu, Jun Li, and Gan Zhang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 1565–1578, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-1565-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-1565-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We analyzed compound-specific dual-carbon isotope signatures (Δ14C and δ13C) of dominant secondary organic aerosol (SOA) tracer molecules (i.e., oxalic acid) to investigate the fates of SOAs in the atmosphere at five emission hotspots in China. The results indicated that SOA carbon sources and chemical processes producing SOAs vary spatially and seasonally, and these variations need to be included in Chinese climate projection models and air quality management practices.
Francesca Gallo, Kevin J. Sanchez, Bruce E. Anderson, Ryan Bennett, Matthew D. Brown, Ewan C. Crosbie, Chris Hostetler, Carolyn Jordan, Melissa Yang Martin, Claire E. Robinson, Lynn M. Russell, Taylor J. Shingler, Michael A. Shook, Kenneth L. Thornhill, Elizabeth B. Wiggins, Edward L. Winstead, Armin Wisthaler, Luke D. Ziemba, and Richard H. Moore
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 1465–1490, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-1465-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-1465-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We integrate in situ ship- and aircraft-based measurements of aerosol, trace gases, and meteorological parameters collected during the NASA North Atlantic Aerosols and Marine Ecosystems Study (NAAMES) field campaigns in the western North Atlantic Ocean region. A comprehensive characterization of the vertical profiles of aerosol properties under different seasonal regimes is provided for improving the understanding of aerosol key processes and aerosol–cloud interactions in marine regions.
Changqin Yin, Jianming Xu, Wei Gao, Liang Pan, Yixuan Gu, Qingyan Fu, and Fan Yang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 1329–1343, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-1329-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-1329-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The particle matter (PM2.5) at the top of the 632 m high Shanghai Tower was found to be higher than the surface from June to October due to unexpected larger PM2.5 levels during early to middle afternoon at Shanghai Tower. We suppose the significant chemical production of secondary species existed in the mid-upper planetary boundary layer. We found a high nitrate concentration at the tower site for both daytime and nighttime in winter, implying efficient gas-phase and heterogeneous formation.
Junwei Yang, Lan Ma, Xiao He, Wing Chi Au, Yanhao Miao, Wen-Xiong Wang, and Theodora Nah
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 1403–1419, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-1403-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-1403-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Water-soluble metals play key roles in human health and atmospheric processes. We report the seasonal abundance and fractional solubilities of different metals in aerosols collected in urban Hong Kong as well as the key factors that modulated solubilities of the various metals in fine aerosols. Our results highlight the dual roles (i.e., acidifying the aerosol particle and providing a liquid reaction medium) that sulfate plays in the acid dissolution of metals in fine aerosols in Hong Kong.
Zhier Bao, Xinyi Zhang, Qing Li, Jiawei Zhou, Guangming Shi, Li Zhou, Fumo Yang, Shaodong Xie, Dan Zhang, Chongzhi Zhai, Zhenliang Li, Chao Peng, and Yang Chen
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 1147–1167, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-1147-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-1147-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We characterised non-refractory fine particulate matter (PM2.5) during winter in the Sichuan Basin (SCB), Southwest China. The factors driving severe aerosol pollution were revealed, highlighting the importance of rapid nitrate formation and intensive biomass burning. Nitrate was primarily formed through gas-phase oxidation during daytime and aqueous-phase oxidation during nighttime. Controlling nitrate and biomass burning will benefit the mitigation of haze formation in the SCB.
Haley M. Royer, Mira L. Pöhlker, Ovid Krüger, Edmund Blades, Peter Sealy, Nurun Nahar Lata, Zezhen Cheng, Swarup China, Andrew P. Ault, Patricia K. Quinn, Paquita Zuidema, Christopher Pöhlker, Ulrich Pöschl, Meinrat Andreae, and Cassandra J. Gaston
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 981–998, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-981-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-981-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This paper presents atmospheric particle chemical composition and measurements of aerosol water uptake properties collected at Ragged Point, Barbados, during the winter of 2020. The result of this study indicates the importance of small African smoke particles for cloud droplet formation in the tropical North Atlantic and highlights the large spatial and temporal pervasiveness of smoke over the Atlantic Ocean.
Chunlin Zou, Tao Cao, Meiju Li, Jianzhong Song, Bin Jiang, Wanglu Jia, Jun Li, Xiang Ding, Zhiqiang Yu, Gan Zhang, and Ping'an Peng
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 963–979, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-963-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-963-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
In this study, PM2.5 samples were obtained during a winter haze event in Guangzhou, China, and light absorption and molecular composition of humic-like substances (HULIS) were investigated by UV–Vis spectrophotometry and ultrahigh-resolution mass spectrometry. The findings obtained present some differences from the results reported in other regions of China and significantly enhanced our understanding of HULIS evolution during haze bloom-decay processes in the subtropic region of southern China.
Denis Leppla, Nora Zannoni, Leslie Kremper, Jonathan Williams, Christopher Pöhlker, Marta Sá, Maria Christina Solci, and Thorsten Hoffmann
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 809–820, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-809-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-809-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Chiral chemodiversity plays a critical role in biochemical processes such as insect and plant communication. Here we report on the measurement of chiral-specified secondary organic aerosol in the Amazon rainforest. The results show that the chiral ratio is mainly determined by large-scale emission processes. Characteristic emissions of chiral aerosol precursors from different forest ecosystems can thus provide large-scale information on different biogenic sources via chiral particle analysis.
Tingting Feng, Yingkun Wang, Weiwei Hu, Ming Zhu, Wei Song, Wei Chen, Yanyan Sang, Zheng Fang, Wei Deng, Hua Fang, Xu Yu, Cheng Wu, Bin Yuan, Shan Huang, Min Shao, Xiaofeng Huang, Lingyan He, Young Ro Lee, Lewis Gregory Huey, Francesco Canonaco, Andre S. H. Prevot, and Xinming Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 611–636, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-611-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-611-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
To investigate the impact of aging processes on organic aerosols (OA), we conducted a comprehensive field study at a continental remote site using an on-line mass spectrometer. The results show that OA in the Chinese outflows were strongly influenced by upwind anthropogenic emissions. The aging processes can significantly decrease the OA volatility and result in a varied viscosity of OA under different circumstances, signifying the complex physiochemical properties of OA in aged plumes.
Daniel J. Bryant, Beth S. Nelson, Stefan J. Swift, Sri Hapsari Budisulistiorini, Will S. Drysdale, Adam R. Vaughan, Mike J. Newland, James R. Hopkins, James M. Cash, Ben Langford, Eiko Nemitz, W. Joe F. Acton, C. Nicholas Hewitt, Tuhin Mandal, Bhola R. Gurjar, Shivani, Ranu Gadi, James D. Lee, Andrew R. Rickard, and Jacqueline F. Hamilton
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 61–83, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-61-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-61-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This paper investigates the sources of isoprene and monoterpene compounds and their particulate-phase oxidation products in Delhi, India. This was done to improve our understanding of the sources, concentrations, and fate of volatile emissions in megacities. By studying the chemical composition of offline filter samples, we report that a significant share of the oxidised organic aerosol in Delhi is from isoprene and monoterpenes. This has implications for human health and policy development.
Can Wu, Cong Cao, Jianjun Li, Shaojun Lv, Jin Li, Xiaodi Liu, Si Zhang, Shijie Liu, Fan Zhang, Jingjing Meng, and Gehui Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 15621–15635, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-15621-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-15621-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Over the past decade, the relative abundance of NH4NO3 in aerosol has been enhanced in most urban areas of China, which profoundly affects the PM2.5 pollution episodes. Our work finds that fine-particle nitrate and ammonium exhibited distinct, different physicochemical behaviors in the aerosol aging process.
Helen L. Fitzmaurice and Ronald C. Cohen
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 15403–15411, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-15403-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-15403-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We develop a novel method for finding heavy-duty vehicle (HDV) emission factors (g PM kg fuel) using regulatory sensor networks and publicly available traffic data. We find that particulate matter emission factors have decreased by a factor of ~ 9 in the past decade in the San Francisco Bay area. Because of the wide availability of similar data sets across the USA and globally, this method could be applied to other settings to understand long-term trends and regional differences in HDV emissions.
Feng Jiang, Junwei Song, Jonas Bauer, Linyu Gao, Magdalena Vallon, Reiner Gebhardt, Thomas Leisner, Stefan Norra, and Harald Saathoff
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 14971–14986, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-14971-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-14971-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We studied brown carbon aerosol during typical summer and winter periods in downtown Karlsruhe in southwestern Germany. The chromophore and chemical composition of brown carbon was determined by excitation–emission spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. The chromophore types and sources were substantially different in winter and summer. Humic-like chromophores of different degrees of oxidation dominated and were associated with molecules of different molecular weight and nitrogen content.
Suping Zhao, Shaofeng Qi, Ye Yu, Shichang Kang, Longxiang Dong, Jinbei Chen, and Daiying Yin
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 14693–14708, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-14693-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-14693-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Light absorption by aerosols is poorly understood at the eastern slope of the Tibetan Plateau (TP). We conducted the first in situ PM1 chemical measurements from the polluted Sichuan Basin to the eastern TP. A contrasting changes in mass absorption efficiency of black and brown carbon with altitude is found due to source differences. This study contributes to the understanding of the difference in light absorption by carbon with altitude, from the polluted basins to the pristine TP.
Irene Cheng, Leiming Zhang, Zhuanshi He, Hazel Cathcart, Daniel Houle, Amanda Cole, Jian Feng, Jason O'Brien, Anne Marie Macdonald, Julian Aherne, and Jeffrey Brook
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 14631–14656, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-14631-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-14631-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Nitrogen (N) and sulfur (S) deposition decreased significantly at 14 Canadian sites during 2000–2018. The greatest decline was observed in southeastern Canada owing to regional SO2 and NOx reductions. Wet deposition was more important than dry deposition, comprising 71–95 % of total N and 45–89 % of total S deposition. While critical loads (CLs) were exceeded at a few sites in the early 2000s, acidic deposition declined below CLs after 2012, which signifies recovery from legacy acidification.
Kouji Adachi, Yutaka Tobo, Makoto Koike, Gabriel Freitas, Paul Zieger, and Radovan Krejci
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 14421–14439, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-14421-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-14421-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Ambient aerosol and cloud residual particles in the fine mode were collected at Zeppelin Observatory in Svalbard and were analyzed using transmission electron microscopy. Fractions of mineral dust and sea salt particles increased in cloud residual samples collected at ambient temperatures below 0 °C. This study highlights the variety of aerosol and cloud residual particle compositions and mixing states that influence or are influenced by aerosol–cloud interactions in Arctic low-level clouds.
Ju-Mee Ryoo, Leonhard Pfister, Rei Ueyama, Paquita Zuidema, Robert Wood, Ian Chang, and Jens Redemann
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 14209–14241, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-14209-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-14209-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The variability in the meteorological fields during each deployment is highly modulated at a daily to synoptic timescale. This paper, along with part 1, the climatological overview paper, provides a meteorological context for interpreting the airborne measurements gathered during the three ORACLES deployments. This study supports related studies focusing on the detailed investigation of the processes controlling stratocumulus decks, aerosol lifting, transport, and their interactions.
Agnesh Panta, Konrad Kandler, Andres Alastuey, Cristina González-Flórez, Adolfo González-Romero, Martina Klose, Xavier Querol, Cristina Reche, Jesús Yus-Díez, and Carlos Pérez García-Pando
Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2022-742, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2022-742, 2022
Revised manuscript accepted for ACP
Short summary
Short summary
Desert dust is a major aerosol component of the Earth's system and affects climate. Dust properties are influenced by particle size, mineralogy, shape, and mixing state. This work characterizes freshly emitted individual mineral dust particles from a major source region using electron microscopy. Our new insights on the critical particle-specific information will contribute to better constraining climate models that consider mineralogical variations in their representation of the dust cycle.
Ren-Guo Zhu, Hua-Yun Xiao, Liqin Cheng, Huixiao Zhu, Hongwei Xiao, and Yunyun Gong
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 14019–14036, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-14019-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-14019-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Sugars and amino acids are major classes of organic components in atmospheric fine particles and play important roles in the atmosphere. To identify their sources in different regions, the concentrations and compositions of sugar amino acids in fine particles were analysed. Our findings suggest that combining specific sugar tracers and chemical profiles of combined amino acids in local emission sources can identify various source characteristics of primary sources.
Hossein Dadashazar, Andrea F. Corral, Ewan Crosbie, Sanja Dmitrovic, Simon Kirschler, Kayla McCauley, Richard Moore, Claire Robinson, Joseph S. Schlosser, Michael Shook, K. Lee Thornhill, Christiane Voigt, Edward Winstead, Luke Ziemba, and Armin Sorooshian
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 13897–13913, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-13897-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-13897-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Multi-season airborne data over the northwestern Atlantic show that organic mass fraction and the relative amount of oxygenated organics within that fraction are enhanced in droplet residual particles as compared to particles below and above cloud. In-cloud aqueous processing is shown to be a potential driver of this compositional shift in cloud. This implies that aerosol–cloud interactions in the region reduce aerosol hygroscopicity due to the jump in the organic : sulfate ratio in cloud.
Min Zhou, Guangjie Zheng, Hongli Wang, Liping Qiao, Shuhui Zhu, DanDan Huang, Jingyu An, Shengrong Lou, Shikang Tao, Qian Wang, Rusha Yan, Yingge Ma, Changhong Chen, Yafang Cheng, Hang Su, and Cheng Huang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 13833–13844, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-13833-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-13833-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The trend of aerosol pH and its drivers is crucial in understanding the multiphase formation pathways of aerosols. We reported the first trend analysis of aerosol pH from 2011 to 2019 in eastern China. Although significant variations of aerosol compositions were observed from 2011 to 2019, the aerosol pH estimated by model only slightly declined by 0.24. Our work shows that the opposite effects of SO42− and non-volatile cation changes play key roles in determining the moderate pH trend.
Zhenqi Xu, Wei Feng, Yicheng Wang, Haoran Ye, Yuhang Wang, Hong Liao, and Mingjie Xie
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 13739–13752, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-13739-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-13739-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This work uses a solvent (DMF) that can efficiently dissolve low-volatility OC to examine BrC absorption and sources, which will benefit future investigations on the physicochemical properties of large organic molecules. The study results also shed light on potential sources for methanol-insoluble OC. These results highlight the importance of testing different solvents to investigate the structures and light absorption of low-volatility BrC.
Sahil Bhandari, Zainab Arub, Gazala Habib, Joshua S. Apte, and Lea Hildebrandt Ruiz
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 13631–13657, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-13631-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-13631-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Here we determine the sources of primary organic aerosol in Delhi, India, in two different seasons. In winter, the main sources are traffic and biomass burning; in the summer, the main sources are traffic and cooking. We obtain this result by conducting source apportionment resolved by time of day, using data from an aerosol chemical speciation monitor. Results from this work can be used to better design policies that target sources of organic aerosol.
Jinyoung Jung, Yuzo Miyazaki, Jin Hur, Mi Hae Jeon, Youngju Lee, Kyoung-Ho Cho, Hyun Young Chung, Kitae Kim, Jung-Ok Choi, Catherine Lalande, Joo-Hong Kim, Taejin Choi, Young Jun Yoon, Eun Jin Yang, and Sung-Ho Kang
Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2022-665, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2022-665, 2022
Revised manuscript accepted for ACP
Short summary
Short summary
This study examined the summertime fluorescence properties of water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC) in aerosols over the western Arctic Ocean. We found that the WSOC in fine-mode aerosols in coastal areas showed a higher polycondensation degree and aromaticity than in sea ice-covered areas. The fluorescence properties of atmospheric WSOC in the summertime marine Arctic boundary can improve our understanding of the WSOC chemical and biological linkages at the ocean–sea ice–atmosphere interface.
Amy P. Sullivan, Rudra P. Pokhrel, Yingjie Shen, Shane M. Murphy, Darin W. Toohey, Teresa Campos, Jakob Lindaas, Emily V. Fischer, and Jeffrey L. Collett Jr.
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 13389–13406, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-13389-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-13389-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
During the WE-CAN (Western Wildfire Experiment for Cloud Chemistry, Aerosol Absorption and Nitrogen) study, brown carbon (BrC) absorption was measured on the NSF/NCAR C-130 aircraft using a particle-into-liquid sampler and photoacoustic aerosol absorption spectrometer. Approximately 45 % of the BrC absorption in wildfires was observed to be due to water-soluble species. The ratio of BrC absorption to WSOC or ΔCO showed no clear dependence on fire dynamics or the time since emission over 9 h.
Ting-Yu Chen, Chia-Li Chen, Yi-Chi Chen, Charles C.-K. Chou, Haojia Ren, and Hui-Ming Hung
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 13001–13012, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-13001-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-13001-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The anthropogenic influence on aerosol composition in a downstream river-valley forest was investigated using FTIR and isotope analysis. A higher N-containing species concentration during daytime fog events indicates that a stronger inversion leads to higher pollutant concentrations, and the fog enhances the aqueous-phase chemical processes. Moreover, the observed size-dependent oxygen isotope suggests the contribution of organic peroxyl radicals to local nitrate formation for small particles.
Meng Wang, Yusen Duan, Wei Xu, Qiyuan Wang, Zhuozhi Zhang, Qi Yuan, Xinwei Li, Shuwen Han, Haijie Tong, Juntao Huo, Jia Chen, Shan Gao, Zhongbiao Wu, Long Cui, Yu Huang, Guangli Xiu, Junji Cao, Qingyan Fu, and Shun-cheng Lee
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 12789–12802, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-12789-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-12789-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
In this study, we report the long-term measurement of organic carbon (OC) and elementary carbon (EC) in PM2.5 with hourly time resolution conducted at a regional site in Shanghai from 2016 to 2020. The results from this study provide critical information about the long-term trend of carbonaceous aerosol, in particular secondary OC, in one of the largest megacities in the world and are helpful for developing pollution control measures from a long-term planning perspective.
Hazel Vernier, Neeraj Rastogi, Hongyu Liu, Amit Kumar Pandit, Kris Bedka, Anil Patel, Madineni Venkat Ratnam, Buduru Suneel Kumar, Bo Zhang, Harish Gadhavi, Frank Wienhold, Gwenael Berthet, and Jean-Paul Vernier
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 12675–12694, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-12675-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-12675-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The chemical composition of the stratospheric aerosols collected aboard high-altitude balloons above the summer Asian monsoon reveals the presence of nitrate/nitrite. Using numerical simulations and satellite observations, we found that pollution as well as lightning could explain some of our observations.
Daniel A. Jaffe, Brendan Schnieder, and Daniel Inouye
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 12695–12704, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-12695-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-12695-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
In this paper we use commonly measured pollutants (PM2.5 and carbon monoxide) to develop a Monte Carlo simulation of the mixing of urban pollution with smoke. The simulations compare well with observations from a heavily impacted smoke site and show that we can use standard regulatory measurements to quantify the amount of smoke in urban areas.
Charlotte M. Beall, Thomas C. J. Hill, Paul J. DeMott, Tobias Köneman, Michael Pikridas, Frank Drewnick, Hartwig Harder, Christopher Pöhlker, Jos Lelieveld, Bettina Weber, Minas Iakovides, Roman Prokeš, Jean Sciare, Meinrat O. Andreae, M. Dale Stokes, and Kimberly A. Prather
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 12607–12627, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-12607-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-12607-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Ice-nucleating particles (INPs) are rare aerosols that can trigger ice formation in clouds and affect climate-relevant cloud properties such as phase, reflectivity and lifetime. Dust is the dominant INP source, yet few measurements have been reported near major dust sources. We report INP observations within hundreds of kilometers of the biggest dust source regions globally: the Sahara and the Arabian Peninsula. Results show that at temperatures > −15 °C, INPs are dominated by organics.
Chao Yan, Yicheng Shen, Dominik Stolzenburg, Lubna Dada, Ximeng Qi, Simo Hakala, Anu-Maija Sundström, Yishuo Guo, Antti Lipponen, Tom V. Kokkonen, Jenni Kontkanen, Runlong Cai, Jing Cai, Tommy Chan, Liangduo Chen, Biwu Chu, Chenjuan Deng, Wei Du, Xiaolong Fan, Xu-Cheng He, Juha Kangasluoma, Joni Kujansuu, Mona Kurppa, Chang Li, Yiran Li, Zhuohui Lin, Yiliang Liu, Yuliang Liu, Yiqun Lu, Wei Nie, Jouni Pulliainen, Xiaohui Qiao, Yonghong Wang, Yifan Wen, Ye Wu, Gan Yang, Lei Yao, Rujing Yin, Gen Zhang, Shaojun Zhang, Feixue Zheng, Ying Zhou, Antti Arola, Johanna Tamminen, Pauli Paasonen, Yele Sun, Lin Wang, Neil M. Donahue, Yongchun Liu, Federico Bianchi, Kaspar R. Daellenbach, Douglas R. Worsnop, Veli-Matti Kerminen, Tuukka Petäjä, Aijun Ding, Jingkun Jiang, and Markku Kulmala
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 12207–12220, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-12207-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-12207-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Atmospheric new particle formation (NPF) is a dominant source of atmospheric ultrafine particles. In urban environments, traffic emissions are a major source of primary pollutants, but their contribution to NPF remains under debate. During the COVID-19 lockdown, traffic emissions were significantly reduced, providing a unique chance to examine their relevance to NPF. Based on our comprehensive measurements, we demonstrate that traffic emissions alone are not able to explain the NPF in Beijing.
Sini Isokääntä, Paul Kim, Santtu Mikkonen, Thomas Kühn, Harri Kokkola, Taina Yli-Juuti, Liine Heikkinen, Krista Luoma, Tuukka Petäjä, Zak Kipling, Daniel Partridge, and Annele Virtanen
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 11823–11843, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-11823-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-11823-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This research employs air mass history analysis and observations to study how clouds and precipitation affect atmospheric aerosols during transport to a boreal forest site. The mass concentrations of studied chemical species showed exponential decrease as a function of accumulated rain along the air mass route. Our analysis revealed in-cloud sulfate formation, while no major changes in organic mass were seen. Most of the in-cloud-formed sulfate could be assigned to particle sizes above 200 nm.
Lizi Tang, Min Hu, Dongjie Shang, Xin Fang, Janjiong Mao, Wanyun Xu, Jiacheng Zhou, Weixiong Zhao, Yaru Wang, Chong Zhang, Yingjie Zhang, Jianlin Hu, Limin Zeng, Chunxiang Ye, Song Guo, and Zhijun Wu
Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2022-440, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2022-440, 2022
Revised manuscript accepted for ACP
Short summary
Short summary
There was an evident distinction in the frequencies of NPF events at Nam Co station in the Tibetan Plateau with 15 % in pre-monsoon season and 80 % in monsoon season. The frequent NPF events in monsoon season resulted from the higher concentration of organic vapours, which was brought from northeast India by the strong southerly monsoon. It had increased significantly the amount of aerosol and CCN compared with those in pre-monsoon season, which may markedly affect the earth's radiation balance.
Huikun Liu, Qiyuan Wang, Suixin Liu, Bianhong Zhou, Yao Qu, Jie Tian, Ting Zhang, Yongming Han, and Junji Cao
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 11739–11757, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-11739-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-11739-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Atmospheric motions play an important role in the mass concentration and the direct radiative effect (DRE) of black carbon (BC). The finding from this study elaborated the impacts of different scales of atmospheric motion on source-specific BC and its DREs, which revealed the nonlinear change between BC mass concentration and its DREs and emphasizes the importance of regionally transported BC for potential climatic effects.
Wing Sze Chow, Kezheng Liao, X. H. Hilda Huang, Ka Fung Leung, Alexis K. H. Lau, and Jian Zhen Yu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 11557–11577, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-11557-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-11557-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Long-term monitoring data of PM2.5 chemical composition provide essential information for evaluation and planning of control measures. Here we present a 10-year (2008–2017) time series of PM2.5, its major components, and select source markers in an urban site in Hong Kong. The dataset verified the success of local vehicular emission control measures as well as reduction of sulfate and regional sources such as industrial and coal combustion and crop residue burning emissions over the decade.
Hwanmi Lim, Sanna Silvergren, Silvia Spinicci, Farshid Mashayekhy Rad, Ulrika Nilsson, Roger Westerholm, and Christer Johansson
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 11359–11379, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-11359-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-11359-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Air pollutants from wood burning become more important as other regulated emissions are being reduced, e.g. combustion of diesel. We analysed particles in residential areas and found that local wood burning was the most important source of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Specific tracers were used to separate wood combustion from other contributions. Calculations of population exposure showed that the mix of PAHs may cause 13 cancer cases per 0.1 million inhabitants.
Qiongqiong Wang, Shan Wang, Yuk Ying Cheng, Hanzhe Chen, Zijing Zhang, Jinjian Li, Dasa Gu, Zhe Wang, and Jian Zhen Yu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 11239–11253, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-11239-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-11239-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Secondary organic aerosol (SOA) is often enhanced during fine-particulate-matter (PM2.5) episodes. We examined bi-hourly measurements of SOA molecular tracers in suburban Hong Kong during 11 city-wide PM2.5 episodes. The tracers showed regional characteristics for both anthropogenic and biogenic SOA as well as biomass-burning-derived SOA. Multiple tracers of the same precursor revealed the dominance of low-NOx formation pathways for isoprene SOA and less-aged monoterpene SOA during winter.
Cited articles
Alvarez-Aviles, L., Simpson, W., Douglas, T., Sturm, M., Perovich, D., and
Domine, F.: Frost flower chemical composition during growth and its
implications for aerosol production and bromine activation, J. Geophys.
Res., 113, D21304, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008JD010277, 2008.
ARM (Atmospheric Radiation Measurement user facility): Ceilometer (CEIL10M). 2016-04-03 to 2016-05-07, North Slope Alaska (NSA) Central Facility, Barrow AK (C1), compiled by: Morris, V. and Ermold, B., ARM Data Center [data set], https://doi.org/10.5439/1497398, 2010.
Ault, A. P. and Axson, J. L.: Atmospheric Aerosol Chemistry: Spectroscopic
and Microscopic Advances, Anal. Chem., 89, 430–452, 2017.
Ault, A. P., Peters, T. M., Sawvel, E. J., Casuccio, G. S., Willis, R. D.,
Norris, G. A., and Grassian, V. H.: Single-particle SEM-EDX analysis of
iron-containing coarse particulate matter in an urban environment: sources
and distribution of iron within Cleveland, Ohio, Environ. Sci. Technol., 46,
4331–4339, https://doi.org/10.1021/es204006k, 2012.
Ault, A. P., Moffet, R. C., Baltrusaitis, J., Collins, D. B., Ruppel, M. J.,
Cuadra-Rodriguez, L. A., Zhao, D. F., Guasco, T. L., Ebben, C. J., Geiger,
F. M., Bertram, T. H., Prather, K. A., and Grassian, V. H.: Size-Dependent
Changes in Sea Spray Aerosol Composition and Properties with Different
Seawater Conditions, Environ. Sci. Technol., 47, 5603–5612,
https://doi.org/10.1021/Es400416g, 2013.
Bartels-Rausch, T., Jacobi, H.-W., Kahan, T. F., Thomas, J. L., Thomson, E.
S., Abbatt, J. P. D., Ammann, M., Blackford, J. R., Bluhm, H., Boxe, C.,
Domine, F., Frey, M. M., Gladich, I., Guzmán, M. I., Heger, D.,
Huthwelker, Th., Klán, P., Kuhs, W. F., Kuo, M. H., Maus, S., Moussa, S.
G., McNeill, V. F., Newberg, J. T., Pettersson, J. B. C., Roeselová, M.,
and Sodeau, J. R.: A review of air–ice chemical and physical interactions
(AICI): liquids, quasi-liquids, and solids in snow, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14,
1587–1633, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-1587-2014, 2014.
Bertram, T. H., Cochran, R. E., Grassian, V. H., and Stone, E. A.: Sea spray
aerosol chemical composition: elemental and molecular mimics for laboratory
studies of heterogeneous and multiphase reactions, Chem. Soc. Rev., 47,
2374–2400, https://doi.org/10.1039/c7cs00008a, 2018.
Bondy, A. L., Wang, B., Laskin, A., Craig, R. L., Nhliziyo, M. V., Bertman,
S. B., Pratt, K. A., Shepson, P. B., and Ault, A. P.: Inland Sea Spray
Aerosol Transport and Incomplete Chloride Depletion: Varying Degrees of
Reactive Processing Observed during SOAS, Environ. Sci. Technol., 51,
9533–9542, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.7b02085, 2017.
Bondy, A. L., Bonanno, D., Moffet, R. C., Wang, B., Laskin, A., and Ault, A.
P.: The diverse chemical mixing state of aerosol particles in the
southeastern United States, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 12595–12612,
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-12595-2018, 2018.
Breider, T. J., Mickley, L. J., Jacob, D. J., Ge, C., Wang, J., Payer
Sulprizio, M., Croft, B., Ridley, D. A., McConnell, J. R., Sharma, S.,
Husain, L., Dutkiewicz, V. A., Eleftheriadis, K., Skov, H., and Hopke, P.
K.: Multidecadal trends in aerosol radiative forcing over the Arctic:
contribution of changes in anthropogenic aerosol to Arctic warming since
1980, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 122, 3573–3594, https://doi.org/10.1002/2016JD025321,
2017.
Browse, J., Carslaw, K. S., Mann, G. W., Birch, C. E., Arnold, S. R., and
Leck, C.: The complex response of Arctic aerosol to sea-ice retreat, Atmos.
Chem. Phys., 14, 7543–7557, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-7543-2014, 2014.
Budd, W. F.: The drifting of nonuniform snow particles, in: Studies in Antarctic Meteorology, Antarct. Res. Ser., Vol. 9, edited by: Rubin, M. J., National Academies Press, Washington, D.C., USA, 59–70, https://doi.org/10.1029/AR009p0059, 1966.
Butler, B. M., Papadimitriou, S., Santoro, A., and Kennedy, H.: Mirabilite
solubility in equilibrium sea ice brines, Geochim. Cosmochim. Ac., 182,
40–54, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2016.03.008, 2016.
Clarke, A. D., Owens, S. R., and Zhou, J.: An ultrafine sea-salt flux from
breaking waves: Implications for cloud condensation nuclei in the remote
marine atmosphere, J. Geophys. Res., 111, D06202, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005JD006565,
2006.
Cohen, J., Screen, J. A., Furtado, J. C., Barlow, M., Whittleston, D.,
Coumou, D., Francis, J., Dethloff, K., Entekhabi, D., Overland, J., and
Jones, J.: Recent Arctic amplification and extreme mid-latitude weather,
Nat. Geosci., 7, 627–637, https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo2234, 2014.
Collins, D. B., Ault, A. P., Moffet, R. C., Ruppel, M. J., Cuadra-Rodriguez,
L. A., Guasco, T. L., Corrigan, C. E., Pedler, B. E., Azam, F., Aluwihare,
L. I., Bertram, T. H., Roberts, G. C., Grassian, V. H., and Prather, K. A.:
Impact of marine biogeochemistry on the chemical mixing state and cloud
forming ability of nascent sea spray aerosol, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 118,
8553–8565, https://doi.org/10.1002/jgrd.50598, 2013.
Comola, F. and Lehning, M.: Energy- and momentum-conserving model of splash
entrainment in sand and snow saltation, Geophys. Res. Lett., 44, 1601–1609,
https://doi.org/10.1002/2016GL071822, 2017.
Comola, F., Kok, J. F., Gaume, J., Paterna, E., and Lehning, M.:
Fragmentation of wind-blown snow crystals, Geophys. Res. Lett., 44,
4195–4203, https://doi.org/10.1002/2017GL073039, 2017GL073039, 2017.
Croft, B., Lohmann, U., Martin, R. V., Stier, P., Wurzler, S., Feichter, J.,
Posselt, R., and Ferrachat, S.: Aerosol size-dependent below-cloud
scavenging by rain and snow in the ECHAM5-HAM, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9,
4653–4675, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-4653-2009, 2009.
Croft, B., Martin, R. V., Leaitch, W. R., Tunved, P., Breider, T. J.,
D'Andrea, S. D., and Pierce, J. R.: Processes controlling the annual cycle
of Arctic aerosol number and size distributions, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16,
3665–3682, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-3665-2016, 2016.
Déry, S. J. and Yau, M. K.: Simulation of blowing snow in the Canadian
Arctic using a double-moment model, Bound. Lay. Meteorol., 99, 297–316,
https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1018965008049, 2001.
Déry, S. J., Taylor, P. A., and Xiao, J.: The thermodynamic effects of
sublimating, blowing snow in the atmospheric boundary layer, Bound.-Lay.
Meteorol., 89, 251–283, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1001712111718, 1998.
Domine, F., Sparapani, R., Ianniello, A., and Beine, H. J.: The origin of
sea salt in snow on Arctic sea ice and in coastal regions, Atmos. Chem.
Phys., 4, 2259–2271, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-4-2259-2004, 2004.
Domine, F., Taillandier, A. S., Simpson, W. R., and Severin, K.: Specific
surface area, density and microstructure of frost flowers, Geophys. Res.
Lett., 32, L13502, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005GL023245, 2005.
Domine, F., Albert, M., Huthwelker, T., Jacobi, H.-W., Kokhanovsky, A. A.,
Lehning, M., Picard, G., and Simpson, W. R.: Snow physics as relevant to
snow photochemistry, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 8, 171–208,
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-8-171-2008, 2008.
Domine, F.: The chemical composition of snow and glacial ice, in: Advances in Atmospheric Chemistry, Vol. 3, Chemistry in the Cryosphere, World Scientific Publishing Co., Inc., Hackensack, New Jersey, USA, 57–138, https://doi.org/10.1142/9789811230134_0002, 2022.
Doorschot, J. J. J. and Lehning, M.: Equilibrium saltation: mass fluxes,
aerodynamic entrainment, and dependence on grain properties, Bound.-Lay.
Meteorol., 104, 111–130, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1015516420286, 2002.
Douglas, T. A., Domine, F., Barret, M., Anastasio, C., Beine, H. J.,
Bottenheim, J., Grannas, A. M., Houdier, S., Netcheva, S., Rowland, G.,
Staebler, R., and Steffen, A.: Frost flowers growing in the Arctic
ocean-atmosphere-sea ice-snow interface: 1. Chemical composition, J.
Geophys. Res., 117, D00R09, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011JD016469, 2012.
Fan, S.-M., and Jacob, D. J.: Surface ozone depletion in Arctic spring
sustained by bromine reactions on aerosols, Nature, 359, 522–524,
https://doi.org/10.1038/359522a0, 1992.
Federal Meteorological Handbook: No. 1 – Surface weather observations and
reports, FCM-H1-2019, Washington, D.C., July 2019,
https://www.icams-portal.gov/resources/ofcm/fmh/FMH1/fmh1_2019.pdf (last access: 24 November 2022), 2019.
Feng, L., Shen, H., Zhu, Y., Gao, H., and Yao, X.: Insight into Generation
and Evolution of Sea-Salt Aerosols from Field Measurements in Diversified
Marine and Coastal Atmospheres, Sci. Rep., 7, 41260, https://doi.org/10.1038/srep41260,
2017.
Fletcher, R. A., Ritchie, N.W.M., Anderson, I.M., and Small, J. A.: Microscopy and microanalysis of individual collected particles, in: Aerosol Measurement, edited by: Kulkarni, P., Baron, P. A., and Willeke, K., John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, NY, USA, 179–232, https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118001684.ch10, 2011.
Fossum, K. N., Ovadnevaite, J., Ceburnis, D., Preißler, J., Snider,
J. R., Huang, R.-J., Zuend, A., and O'Dowd, C.: Sea-spray regulates sulfate
cloud droplet activation over oceans, npj Clim. Atmos. Sci., 3,
14, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41612-020-0116-2, 2020.
Freud, E., Krejci, R., Tunved, P., Leaitch, R., Nguyen, Q. T., Massling, A.,
Skov, H., and Barrie, L.: Pan-Arctic aerosol number size distributions:
seasonality and transport patterns, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 8101–8128,
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-8101-2017, 2017.
Frey, M. M., Norris, S. J., Brooks, I. M., Anderson, P. S., Nishimura, K.,
Yang, X., Jones, A. E., Nerentorp Mastromonaco, M. G., Jones, D. H., and
Wolff, E. W.: First direct observation of sea salt aerosol production from
blowing snow above sea ice, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 2549–2578,
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-2549-2020, 2020.
Formenti, P., Elbert, W., Maenhaut, W., Haywood, J., and Andreae, M.
O.: Chemical composition of mineral dust aerosol during the Saharan Dust
Experiment (SHADE) airborne campaign in the Cape Verde region, September
2000, J. Geophys. Res., 108, 8576, https://doi.org/10.1029/2002JD002648, 2003.
Frossard, A. A., Shaw, P. M., Russell, L. M., Kroll, J. H., Canagaratna, M.
R., Worsnop, D. R., Quinn, P. K., and Bate, T. S.: Springtime Arctic haze
contributions of submicron organic particles from European and Asian
combustion sources, J. Geophys. Res., 116, D05205,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2010JD015178, 2011.
Giordano, M. R., Kalnajs, L. E., Goetz, J. D., Avery, A. M., Katz, E., May,
N. W., Leemon, A., Mattson, C., Pratt, K. A., and DeCarlo, P. F.: The
importance of blowing snow to halogen-containing aerosol in coastal
Antarctica: influence of source region versus wind speed, Atmos. Chem.
Phys., 18, 16689–16711, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-16689-2018, 2018.
Goldstein, J., Newbury, D. E., Echlin, P., Joy, D. C., Romig Jr, A. D.,
Lyman, C. E., Fiori, C., and Lifshin, E.: Scanning electron microscopy and X-ray
microanalysis: a text for biologists, materials scientists, and geologists,
Springer Science & Business Media, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0491-3, 2012.
Gordon, M. and Taylor, P. A.: Measurements of blowing snow, Part I: Particle
shape, size distribution, velocity, and number flux at Churchill, Manitoba,
Canada. Cold Reg. Sci. Technol., 55, 63–74,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coldregions.2008.05.001, 2009.
Gossart, A., Souverijns, N., Gorodetskaya, I. V., Lhermitte, S., Lenaerts,
J. T. M., Schween, J. H., Mangold, A., Laffineur, Q., and van Lipzig, N. P.
M.: Blowing snow detection from ground-based ceilometers: application to
East Antarctica, The Cryosphere, 11, 2755–2772,
https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-11-2755-2017, 2017.
Grannas, A. M., Jones, A. E., Dibb, J., Ammann, M., Anastasio, C., Beine, H.
J., Bergin, M., Bottenheim, J., Boxe, C. S., Carver, G., Chen, G., Crawford,
J. H., Dominé, F., Frey, M. M., Guzmán, M. I., Heard, D. E., Helmig,
D., Hoffmann, M. R., Honrath, R. E., Huey, L. G., Hutterli, M., Jacobi, H.
W., Klán, P., Lefer, B., McConnell, J., Plane, J., Sander, R., Savarino,
J., Shepson, P. B., Simpson, W. R., Sodeau, J. R., von Glasow, R., Weller,
R., Wolff, E. W., and Zhu, T.: An overview of snow photochemistry: evidence,
mechanisms and impacts, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 4329–4373,
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-7-4329-2007, 2007.
Gromke, C., Horender, S., Walter, B., and Lehning, M.: Snow particle
characteristics in the saltation layer, J. Glaciol., 60, 431–439,
https://doi.org/10.3189/2014JoG13J079, 2014.
Grythe, H., Ström, J., Krejci, R., Quinn, P., and Stohl, A.: A review of
sea-spray aerosol source functions using a large global set of sea salt
aerosol concentration measurements, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 1277–1297,
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-1277-2014, 2014.
Hara, K., Matoba, S., Hirabayashi, M., and Yamasaki, T.: Frost flowers and
sea-salt aerosols over seasonal sea-ice areas in northwestern Greenland
during winter–spring, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 8577–8598,
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-8577-2017, 2017.
Hara, K., Osada, K., Yabuki, M., Takashima, H., Theys, N., and Yamanouchi,
T.: Important contributions of sea-salt aerosols to atmospheric bromine
cycle in the Antarctic coasts, Sci. Rep., 8, 13852, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-32287-4, 2018.
Held, A., Brooks, I. M., Leck, C., and Tjernström, M.: On the potential
contribution of open lead particle emissions to the central Arctic aerosol
concentration, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 3093–3105,
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-3093-2011, 2011.
Hinds, W. C.: Aerosol Technology: Properties, Behavior, and Measurement of Airborne Particles, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, NY, USA, ISBN: 978-1-119-49404-1, 2012.
Hiranuma, N., Brooks, S. D., Moffet, R. C., Glen, A., Laskin, A., Gilles, M.
K., Liu, P., Macdonald, A. M., Strapp, J. W., and McFarquhar, G. M.:
Chemical characterization of individual particles and residuals of cloud
droplets and ice crystals collected on board research aircraft in the ISDAC
2008 study, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 118, 6564–6579,
https://doi.org/10.1002/jgrd.50484, 2013.
Huang, J. and Jaeglé, L.: Wintertime enhancements of sea salt aerosol in
polar regions consistent with a sea ice source from blowing snow, Atmos.
Chem. Phys., 17, 3699–3712, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-3699-2017, 2017.
Huang, J., Jaeglé, L., and Shah, V.: Using CALIOP to constrain blowing
snow emissions of sea salt aerosols over Arctic and Antarctic sea ice,
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 16253–16269, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-16253-2018, 2018.
Jacobi, H. W., Voisin, D., Jaffrezo, J. L., Cozic, J., and Douglas, T. A.:
Chemical composition of the snowpack during the OASIS spring campaign 2009
at Barrow, Alaska, J. Geophys. Res., 117, D00R13, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011jd016654,
2012.
Jayarathne, T., Sultana, C. M., Lee, C., Malfatti, F., Cox, J. L.,
Pendergraft, M. A., Moore, K. A., Azam, F., Tivanski, A. V., Cappa, C. D.,
Bertram, T. H., Grassian, V. H., Prather K. A., and Stone, E. A.: Enrichment
of saccharides and divalent cations in sea spray aerosol during two
phytoplankton blooms, Environ. Sci. Technol., 50, 11511–11520, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.6b02988, 2016.
Johnson, B. D., and Wangersky, P. J.: Microbubbles: stabilization by
monolayers of adsorbed particles, J. Geophys. Res., 92, 14641–14647,
https://doi.org/10.1029/JC092iC13p14641, 1987.
Kirpes, R. M., Bondy, A. L., Bonanno, D., Moffet, R. C., Wang, B., Laskin,
A., Ault, A. P., and Pratt, K. A.: Secondary sulfate is internally mixed
with sea spray aerosol and organic aerosol in the winter Arctic, Atmos.
Chem. Phys., 18, 3937–3949, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-3937-2018, 2018.
Kirpes, R. M., Bonanno, D., May, N. W., Fraund, M., Barget, A. J., Moffet,
R. C., Ault, A. P., and Pratt, K. A.: Wintertime Arctic sea spray aerosol
composition controlled by sea ice lead microbiology, ACS Cent. Sci., 5,
1760–1767, https://doi.org/10.1021/acscentsci.9b00541, 2019.
Krembs, C., Eicken, H., Junge, K., and Deming, J. W.: High concentrations of
exopolymeric substances in Arctic winter sea ice: implications for the polar
ocean carbon cycle and cryoprotection of diatoms, Deep-Sea Res. Pt. I, 49, 2163–2181, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0967-0637(02)00122-X,
2002.
Krnavek, L., Simpson, W. R., Carlson, D., Dominé, F., Douglas, T. A.,
and Sturm, M.: The chemical composition of surface snow in the Arctic:
examining marine, terrestrial, and atmospheric influence, Atmos. Environ.,
50, 349–359, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2011.11.033, 2012.
Laskin, A. and Cowin, J. P.: Automated single particle SEM/EDX analysis of
submicrometer particles down to 0.1 µm, Anal. Chem., 73, 1023–1029,
2001.
Laskin, A., Iedema, M. J., and Cowin, J. P.: Quantitative timeresolved
monitoring of nitrate formation in sea salt particles using a CCSEM/EDX
single particle analysis, Environ. Sci. Tech., 36, 4948–4955, 2002.
Leck, C. and Bigg, E. K.: Aerosol production over remote marine areas – A
new route, Geophys. Res. Lett., 23, 3577–3581, https://doi.org/10.1029/1999GL010807,
1999.
Leck, C. and Svensson, E.: Importance of aerosol composition and mixing
state for cloud droplet activation over the Arctic pack ice in summer,
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 2545–2568, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-2545-2015, 2015.
Leck, C., Norman, M., Bigg, E. K., and Hillamo, R.: Chemical composition and
sources of the high Arctic aerosol relevant for fog and cloud formation, J.
Geophys. Res., 107, 4135, https://doi.org/10.1029/2001JD001463, 2002.
Levine, J. G., Yang, X., Jones, A. E., and Wolff, E. W.: Sea salt as an ice
core proxy for past sea ice extent: A process-based model study, J. Geophys.
Res., 119, 5737–5756, https://doi.org/10.1002/2013JD020925, 2014.
Lewis, E. R. and Schwartz, S. E.: Sea Salt Aerosol Production: Mechanisms, Methods, Measurements, and Models: A Critical Review, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, NY, USA., ISBN: 978-0-875-90417-7, 2004.
Li, S. -M.: Particulate and snow nitrite in the spring arctic troposphere,
Atmos. Environ., 27, 2959–2967, https://doi.org/10.1016/0960-1686(93)90328-V, 1993.
Li, L. and Pomeroy, J. W.: Estimates of threshold wind speeds for snow
transport using meteorological data, J. Appl. Meteorol., 36, 205–213,
https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0450(1997)036<0205:EOTWSF>2.0.CO;2,
1997.
Loeb, N. A. and Kennedy, A.: Blowing snow at McMurdo station, Antarctica
during the AWARE Field Campaign: Surface and ceilometer observations, J.
Geophys. Res.-Atmos, 126, e2020JD033935, https://doi.org/10.1029/2020JD033935, 2021.
Macdonald, K. M., Sharma, S., Toom, D., Chivulescu, A., Platt, A., Elsasser,
M., Huang, L., Leaitch, R., Chellman, N., McConnell, J. R., Bozem, H.,
Kunkel, D., Lei, Y. D., Jeong, C.-H., Abbatt, J. P. D., and Evans, G. J.:
Temporally delineated sources of major chemical species in high Arctic snow,
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 3485–3503, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-3485-2018, 2018.
Mann, G., Anderson, P., and Mobbs, S.: Profile measurements of blowing snow
at Halley, Antarctica, J. Geophys. Res., 105, 24491–24508,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2000JD900247, 2000.
May, N. W., Quinn, P. K., McNamara, S. M., and Pratt, K. A.: Multiyear study
of the dependence of sea salt aerosol on wind speed and sea ice conditions
in the coastal Arctic, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 121, 9208–9219,
https://doi.org/10.1002/2016jd025273, 2016.
McNamara, S. M., Raso, A. R. W., Wang, S., Thanekar, S., Boone, E. J.,
Kolesar, K. R., Peterson, P. K., Simpson, W. R., Fuentes, J. D., Shepson, P.
B., and Pratt, K. A.: Springtime nitrogen oxide-influenced chlorine
chemistry in the coastal Arctic, Environ. Sci. Technol., 53, 8057–8067,
https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.9b01797, 2019.
Mellor, M: Cold Regions Science and Engineering, Part III, Section A3c.: Blowing Snow, US Army Material Command, Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, Hanover, NH, USA, 79 pp., https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0630328, 1965.
Millero, F. J., Feistel, R., Wright, D. G., and McDougall, T. J.: The
composition of Standard Seawater and the definition of the
Reference-Composition Salinity Scale, Deep-Sea Res. Pt. I, 55, 50–72,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr.2007.10.001, 2008.
Magono, C., Endoh, T., Ueno, F., Kubota, S., and Itasaka, M.: Direct
observations of aerosols attached to falling snow
crystals, Tellus, 31, 102–114, https://doi.org/10.3402/tellusa.v31i2.10415, 1979.
Monahan, E. C. and O'Muircheartaigh, I. G.: Optimal power-law description of
oceanic whitecap coverage dependence on wind speed, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 10,
2094–2099, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0485(1980)010<2094:OPLDOO>2.0.CO;2, 1980.
Monahan, E. C. and O'Muircheartaigh, I. G.: Whitecaps and the passive remote
sensing of the ocean surface, Int. J. Remote Sens., 7, 627–642,
https://doi.org/10.1080/01431168608954716, 1986.
Mori, T., Goto-Azuma, K., Kondo, Y., Ogawa-Tsukagawa, Y., Miura,
K., Hirabayashi, M., Oshima, N., Koike, M., Kupiainen, K., Moteki, N.,
Ohata, S., Sinha, P. R., Sugiura, K., Aoki, T., Schneebeli, M., Steffen, K.,
Sato, A., Tsushima, A., Makarov, V., Omiya, S., Sugimoto, A., Takano, S.,
and Nagatsuka, N.: Black carbon and inorganic aerosols in Arctic snowpack,
J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 124, 13325–13326, https://doi.org/10.1029/2019JD030623, 2019.
Murphy, D. M., Anderson, J. R., Quinn, P. K., Mclnnes, L. M., Posfai, M.,
Thomson, D. S., Buseck, P. R.: Influence of seasalt on aerosol radiative
properties in the Southern Ocean marine boundary layer, Nature, 392, 62–65,
https://doi.org/10.1038/32138, 1998.
Najafi, M. R., Zwiers, F. W., and Gillett N. P.: Attribution of Arctic
temperature change to greenhouse-gas and aerosol influences, Nat. Clim.
Change, 5, 246–249, https://doi.org/10.1038/NCLIMATE2524, 2015.
Nazarenko, Y., Rangel-Alvarado, R. B., Kos, G., Kurien, U., and Ariya, P.
A.: Novel aerosol analysis approach for characterization of nanoparticulate
matter in snow, Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res., 24, 4480–4493,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-016-8199-3, 2017.
Nilsson, E. D., Rannik, Ü., Swietlicki, E., Leck, C., Aalto, P.
P., Zhou, J., and Norman, M.: Turbulent aerosol fluxes over the Arctic
Ocean: 2. Wind-driven sources from the sea, J. Geophys.
Res., 106, 32139–32154, https://doi.org/10.1029/2000JD900747, 2001.
Nishimura, K., Yokoyama, C., Ito, Y., Nemoto, M., Naaim-Bouvet, F., Bellot,
H. and Fujita, K.: Snow particle speeds in drifting snow, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 119, 9901–9913, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014JD021686, 2014.
Nishimura, K. and Nemoto, M.: Blowing snow at Mizuho station, Antarctica,
Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A, 363, 1647–1662, https://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2005.1599, 2005.
Norris, S. J., Brooks, I. M., de Leeuw, G., Sirevaag, A., Leck, C., Brooks,
B. J., Birch, C. E., and Tjernström, M.: Measurements of bubble size
spectra within leads in the Arctic summer pack ice, Ocean Sci., 7,
129–139, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-7-129-2011, 2011.
Olson, N. E., Lei, Z. Y., Craig, R. L., Zhang, Y., Chen, Y. Z., Lambe, A.
T., Zhang, Z. F., Gold, A., Surratt, J. D., and Ault, A. P.: Reactive uptake
of isoprene epoxydiols increases the viscosity of the core of
phase-separated aerosol particles, ACS Earth Space Chem., 3, 1402–1414,
https://doi.org/10.1021/acsearthspacechem.9b00138, 2019.
Peterson, P. K., Pöhler, D., Sihler, H., Zielcke, J., General, S.,
Frieß, U., Platt, U., Simpson, W. R., Nghiem, S. V., Shepson, P. B.,
Stirm, B. H., Dhaniyala, S., Wagner, T., Caulton, D. R., Fuentes, J. D., and
Pratt, K. A.: Observations of bromine monoxide transport in the Arctic
sustained on aerosol particles, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 7567–7579,
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-7567-2017, 2017.
Peterson, P. K., Hartwig, M., May, N. W., Schwartz, E., Rigor, I., Ermold,
W., Steele, M., Morison, J. H., Nghiem, S., and Pratt, K. A.: Snowpack
measurements suggest role for multi-year sea ice regions in Arctic
atmospheric bromine and chlorine chemistry, Elem. Sci. Anth., 7, 045007, https://doi.org/10.1525/elementa.352, 2019.
Pomeroy, J. W., Davies, T. D., and Tranter, M.: The impact of blowing snow
on snow chemistry, in: Seasonal Snowpacks, NATO ASI Series, edited
by: Davies, T. D., Tranter, M., and Jones, H. G., Springer, Berlin,
Heidelberg, 71–113, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-75112-7_4, 1991.
Quinn, P. K., Miller, T. L., Bates, T. S., Ogren, J. A., Andrews, E., and Shaw, G. E.: A 3-year record of simultaneously measured aerosol chemical and optical properties at Barrow, Alaska, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 107, 4130, https://doi.org/10.1029/2001JD001248, 2002.
Quinn, P. K., Shaw, G., Andrews, E., Dutton, E. G., Ruoho-Airola, T., and
Gong, S. L.: Arctic haze: current trends and knowledge gaps, Tellus B, 59,
99–114, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600- 0889.2006.00238.x, 2007.
Quinn, P. K., Collins, D. B., Grassian, V. H., Prather, K. A., and Bates, T.
S.: Chemistry and related properties of freshly emitted sea spray aerosol,
Chem. Rev., 115, 4383–4399, https://doi.org/10.1021/cr500713g, 2015.
Quinn, P. K., Coffman, D. J., Johnson, J. E., Upchurch, L. M., and Bates, T.
S.: Small fraction of marine cloud condensation nuclei made up of sea spray
aerosol, Nat. Geosci., 10, 674–679, https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo3003, 2017.
Radke, L. F., Hobbs, P. V., and Pinnons, J. E.: Observations of cloud
condensation nuclei, sodium-containing particles, ice nuclei and the
light-scattering coefficient near Barrow, Alaska, J. Appl. Meteorol., 15,
982–995, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520- 0450(1976)0152.0.Co;2, 1976.
Riemer, N., Ault, A. P., West, M., Craig, R. L., and Curtis, J. H.: Aerosol
Mixing State: Measurements, Modeling, and Impacts, Rev. Geophys., 57,
187–249, https://doi.org/10.1029/2018RG000615, 2019.
Rhodes, R. H., Yang, X., Wolff, E. W., McConnell, J. R., and Frey, M. M.:
Sea ice as a source of sea salt aerosol to Greenland ice cores: a
model-based study, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 9417–9433,
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-9417-2017, 2017.
Roscoe, H. K., Brooks, B., Jackson, A. V., Smith, M. H., Walker, S. J.,
Obbard, R. W., and Wolff, E. W.: Frost flowers in the laboratory: Growth,
characteristics, aerosol, and the underlying sea ice, J. Geophys. Res., 116, D12301,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2010JD015144, 2011.
Ryu, S. Y., Kim, J. E., Zhuanshi, H., Kim, Y. J., and Kang, G. U.: Chemical
composition of post-harvest biomass burning aerosols in Gwangju, Korea, J.
Air Waste Manage., 54, 1124–1137, https://doi.org/10.1080/10473289.2004.10471018, 2004.
Salter, M. E., Hamacher-Barth, E., Leck, C., Werner, J., Johnson, C.
M., Riipinen, I., Nilsson, E. D., and Zieger, P.: Calcium enrichment in sea
spray aerosol particles, Geophys. Res. Lett., 43, 8277–8285,
https://doi.org/10.1002/2016GL070275, 2016.
Sato, T., Kosugi, K., Mochizuki, S., and Nemoto, M.: Wind speed dependences
of fracture and accumulation of snowflakes on snow surface, Cold Reg. Sci.
Technol., 51, 229–239, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coldregions.2007.05.004, 2008.
Schmidt, R. A.: Estimates of threshold windspeed from particle sizes in
blowing snow, Cold Reg. Sci. Technol., 4, 187–193,
https://doi.org/10.1016/0165-232x(81)90003-3, 1981.
Schmidt, R. A.: Vertical profiles of wind speed, snow concentration, and
humidity in blowing snow, Bound. Lay. Meteorol., 23, 223–246, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00123299, 1982.
Scott, W. D. and Levin, Z.: Open channels in sea ice (leads) as ion sources, Science, 177, 425–426, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.177.4047.425, 1972.
Seinfeld, J. H. and Pandis, S. N.: Atmospheric chemistry and physics: from air pollution to climate change, 3rd Edition, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., ISBN: 978-1-118-94740-1, 2016.
Shaw, G. E.: Evidence for a central Eurasian source area of Arctic haze in
Alaska, Nature, 299, 815–818, https://doi.org/10.1038/299815a0, 1982.
Shaw, P. M., Russell, L. M., Jefferson, A., and Quinn, P. K.: Arctic organic
aerosol measurements show particles from mixed combustion in spring haze and
from frost flowers in winter, Geophys. Res. Lett., 37, L10803,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2010GL042831, 2010.
Shindell, D., Faluvegi, G., Lacis, A., Hansen, J., Ruedy, R., and Aguilar,
E.: The role of tropospheric ozone increases in 20th century climate change,
J. Geophys. Res., 111, D08302, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005JD006348, 2006.
Shindell, D.: Local and remote contributions to Arctic warming, Geophys.
Res. Lett., 34, L14704, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007GL030221, 2007.
Shindell, D. and Faluvegi, G.: Climate response to regional radiative
forcing during the twentieth century, Nat. Geosci., 2, 294–300,
https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo473, 2009.
Simpson, W. R., Alvarez-Aviles, L., Douglas, T. A., Sturm, M., and Domine,
F.: Halogens in the coastal snow pack near Barrow, Alaska: Evidence for
active bromine air-snow chemistry during springtime, Geophys. Res. Lett.,
32, L04811, https://doi.org/10.1029/2004GL021748, 2005.
Sobanska, S., Falgayrac, G., Rimetz-Planchon, J., Perdrix, E., Bremard, C.,
and Barbillat, J.: Resolving the internal structure of individual
atmospheric aerosol particle by the combination of Atomic Force Microscopy,
ESEM-EDX, Raman and ToF-SIMS imaging, Microchem. J., 114, 89–98,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.microc.2013.12.007, 2014.
Struthers, H., Ekman, A. M. L., Glantz, P., Iversen, T., Kirkevåg, A.,
Mårtensson, E. M., Seland, Ø., and Nilsson, E. D.: The effect of sea
ice loss on sea salt aerosol concentrations and the radiative balance in the
Arctic, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 3459–3477, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-3459-2011,
2011.
Sturm, M. and Stuefer, S.: Wind-blown flux rates derived from drifts at
arctic snow fences, J. Glaciol., 59, 21–34, https://doi.org/10.3189/2013JoG12J110,
2013.
Tabler, R. D., Pomeroy, J. W., and Santana, B. W.: Drifting snow, in: Cold Regions Hydrology and Hydraulics, Technical Council on Cold Regions Engineering Monograph, edited by: Ryan, W. L. and Crissman, R. D., American Society of Civil Engineers, New York, 95–145, ISBN: 978-0872627734, 1990.
Wagenbach, D., Ducroz, F., Mulvaney, R., Keck, L., Minikin, A., Legrand, M.,
Hall, J. S., and Wolff, E. W.: Sea-salt aerosol in coastal Antarctic
regions, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 103, 10961–10974, https://doi.org/10.1029/97jd01804,
1998.
Wang, Q., Danilov, S., Jung, T., Kaleschke, L., and Wernecke, A.: Sea ice
leads in the Arctic Ocean: Model assessment, interannual variability and
trends, Geophys. Res. Lett., 43, 7019–7027, https://doi.org/10.1002/2016GL068696,
2016.
Webster, M. A., Rigor, I. G., Nghiem, S. V., Kurtz, N. T., Farrell, S.
L., Perovich, D. K., and Sturm, M.: Interdecadal changes in snow depth on
Arctic sea ice, J. Geophys. Res.-Ocean., 119, 5395–5406,
https://doi.org/10.1002/2014JC009985, 2014.
Wernecke, A. and Kaleschke, L.: Lead detection in Arctic sea ice from
CryoSat-2: quality assessment, lead area fraction and width distribution,
The Cryosphere, 9, 1955–1968, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-9-1955-2015, 2015.
Whitehead, J. D., Dorsey, J. R., Gallagher, M. W., Flynn, M. J., McFiggans,
G., and Carpenter, L. J.: Particle fluxes and condensational uptake over sea
ice during COBRA, J. Geophys. Res., 117, D15202, https://doi.org/10.1029/2012JD017798,
2012.
Willeke, K. and Baron, P. A.: Aerosol Measurement: Principles, Techniques and Applications, Van Nostrand Reinhold Inc., New York, 876 pp., ISBN: 0-442-00486-9, 1992.
Williams, J., de Reus, M., Krejci, R., Fischer, H., and Ström, J.:
Application of the variability-size relationship to atmospheric aerosol
studies: estimating aerosol lifetimes and ages, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 2,
133–145, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2-133-2002, 2002.
Willis, M. D., Leaitch, W. R., and Abbatt, J. P. D.: Processes controlling
the composition and abundance of Arctic aerosol, Rev. Geophys., 56,
621–671, https://doi.org/10.1029/2018RG000602, 2018.
Wolff, E. W., Rhodes, R. H., and Legrand, M.: Sea salt in PolarRegions, in: Advances in Atmospheric Chemistry, Vol. 3: Chemistry in the Cryosphere, 365–410, World Scientific Publishing Co., Inc., Hackensack, New Jersey, USA, https://doi.org/10.1142/9789811230134_0007, 2022.
Xiao, J., Bintanja, R., Déry, S. J., Mann, G. W., and Taylor, P. A.: An
intercomparison among four models of blowing snow, Bound. Lay. Meteorol.,
97, 109–135, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1002795531073, 2000.
Yang, X., Pyle, J. A., and Cox, R. A.: Sea salt aerosol production and
bromine release: Role of snow on sea ice, Geophys. Res. Lett., 35, L16815,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2008GL034536, 2008.
Yang, X., Pyle, J. A., Cox, R. A., Theys, N., and Van Roozendael, M.:
Snow-sourced bromine and its implications for polar tropospheric ozone,
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 7763–7773, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-7763-2010, 2010.
Yang, X., Nedela, V., Runštuk, J., Ondrušková, G., Krausko, J.,
Vetráková, Ä., and Heger, D.: Evaporating brine from frost
flowers with electron microscopy and implications for atmospheric chemistry
and sea-salt aerosol formation, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 6291–6303,
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-6291-2017, 2017.
Yang, X., Frey, M. M., Rhodes, R. H., Norris, S. J., Brooks, I. M.,
Anderson, P. S., Nishimura, K., Jones, A. E., and Wolff, E. W.: Sea salt
aerosol production via sublimating wind-blown saline snow particles over sea
ice: parameterizations and relevant microphysical mechanisms, Atmos. Chem.
Phys., 19, 8407–8424, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-8407-2019, 2019.
Zábori, J., Krejci, R., Ekman, A. M. L., Mårtensson, E. M.,
Ström, J., de Leeuw, G., and Nilsson, E. D.: Wintertime Arctic Ocean sea
water properties and primary marine aerosol concentrations, Atmos. Chem.
Phys., 12, 10405–10421, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-10405-2012, 2012.
Short summary
During a spring field campaign in the coastal Arctic, ultrafine particles were enhanced during high wind speeds, and coarse-mode particles were reduced during blowing snow. Calculated periods blowing snow were overpredicted compared to observations. Sea spray aerosols produced by sea ice leads affected the composition of aerosols and snowpack. An improved understanding of aerosol emissions from leads and blowing snow is critical for predicting the future climate of the rapidly warming Arctic.
During a spring field campaign in the coastal Arctic, ultrafine particles were enhanced during...
Altmetrics
Final-revised paper
Preprint