Articles | Volume 21, issue 23
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-17715-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-17715-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Long-range transport of anthropogenic air pollutants into the marine air: insight into fine particle transport and chloride depletion on sea salts
Liang Xu
Department of Atmospheric Sciences, School of Earth Sciences, Zhejiang
University, Hangzhou 310027, China
Xiaohuan Liu
Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of
Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
Huiwang Gao
Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of
Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
Xiaohong Yao
Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of
Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
Daizhou Zhang
Faculty of Environmental and Symbiotic Sciences, Prefectural
University of Kumamoto, Kumamoto 862-8502, Japan
Department of Atmospheric Sciences, School of Earth Sciences, Zhejiang
University, Hangzhou 310027, China
Department of Atmospheric Sciences, School of Earth Sciences, Zhejiang
University, Hangzhou 310027, China
Jian Zhang
Department of Atmospheric Sciences, School of Earth Sciences, Zhejiang
University, Hangzhou 310027, China
Yinxiao Zhang
Department of Atmospheric Sciences, School of Earth Sciences, Zhejiang
University, Hangzhou 310027, China
Yuanyuan Wang
Department of Atmospheric Sciences, School of Earth Sciences, Zhejiang
University, Hangzhou 310027, China
Qi Yuan
Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of
Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
Department of Atmospheric Sciences, School of Earth Sciences, Zhejiang
University, Hangzhou 310027, China
Related authors
Yanhong Zhu, Weijun Li, Yue Wang, Jian Zhang, Lei Liu, Liang Xu, Jingsha Xu, Jinhui Shi, Longyi Shao, Pingqing Fu, Daizhou Zhang, and Zongbo Shi
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 2191–2202, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-2191-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-2191-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The solubilities of iron in fine particles in a megacity in Eastern China were studied under haze, fog, dust, clear, and rain weather conditions. For the first time, a receptor model was used to quantify the sources of dissolved and total iron aerosol. Microscopic analysis further confirmed the aging of iron aerosol during haze and fog conditions that facilitated dissolution of insoluble iron.
Lei Liu, Jian Zhang, Yinxiao Zhang, Yuanyuan Wang, Liang Xu, Qi Yuan, Dantong Liu, Yele Sun, Pingqing Fu, Zongbo Shi, and Weijun Li
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 2251–2265, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-2251-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-2251-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We found that large numbers of light-absorbing primary organic particles with high viscosity, especially tarballs, from domestic coal and biomass burning occurred in rural and even urban hazes in the winter of North China. For the first time, we characterized the atmospheric aging process of these burning-related primary organic particles by microscopic analysis and further evaluated their light absorption enhancement resulting from the “lensing effect” of secondary inorganic coatings.
Liang Xu, Satoshi Fukushima, Sophie Sobanska, Kotaro Murata, Ayumi Naganuma, Lei Liu, Yuanyuan Wang, Hongya Niu, Zongbo Shi, Tomoko Kojima, Daizhou Zhang, and Weijun Li
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 14321–14332, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-14321-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-14321-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
We quantified the mixing structures of soot particles and found that the dominant mixing structure changed from fresh to partially embedded to fully embedded along the pathway of an Asian dust storm from eastern China to Japan. Soot particles became more compact following transport. Our findings not only provide direct evidence for soot aging during regional transport but also help us understand how their morphology changes in different air environments.
Yujue Wang, Yizhe Yi, Wei Xu, Yiwen Zhang, Shubin Li, Hong-Hai Zhang, Mingliang Gu, Shibo Yan, Jialei Zhu, Chao Zhang, Jinhui Shi, Yang Gao, Xiaohong Yao, and Huiwang Gao
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-3951, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-3951, 2025
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for Biogeosciences (BG).
Short summary
Short summary
Marine organic aerosols remain poorly quantified, which limits our understanding on the climate regulation of marine aerosols. Based on shipboard cruises over the Pacific Ocean, we proposed an observation-based parameterization approach to estimate the primary and secondary marine organic aerosols using sea surface chlorophyll a and sea salts in marine aerosols. The results highlight that the spatial distribution of marine organic aerosols was driven by the marine biological activities.
Zhenze Liu, Jianhua Qi, Yuanzhe Ni, Likun Xue, and Xiaohuan Liu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 8719–8742, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-8719-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-8719-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Our research investigated nitrate formation in air pollution across inland and coastal cities in northern China during the winters of 2013 and 2018. Using air quality models and isotopic analysis, we identified regional differences, with coastal cities showing more contribution from the dinitrogen pentoxide (N2O5) heterogeneous reaction. Reducing nitrogen oxides (NOx), volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and ammonia (NH3) was crucial for lowering nitrate levels and improving air quality.
Tenglong Shi, Jiayao Wang, Daizhou Zhang, Jiecan Cui, Zihang Wang, Yue Zhou, Wei Pu, Yang Bai, Zhigang Han, Meng Liu, Yanbiao Liu, Hongbin Xie, Minghui Yang, Ying Li, Meng Gao, and Xin Wang
The Cryosphere, 19, 2821–2835, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-19-2821-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-19-2821-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
This study examines the properties of dust in snow in Changchun, China, using advanced technology to analyze its size, shape, and light absorption. We found that dust composition affects how much heat is absorbed by snow, with certain minerals, such as hematite, making snowmelt faster. Our research highlights the importance of creating clear standards for classifying dust, which could improve climate models and field observations. This work helps better understand dust's role in climate change.
Tianyu Zhang, Yizhu Chen, Huanhuan Zhang, Lei Liu, Chengpeng Huang, Zhengyang Fang, Yifan Zhang, Fu Wang, Lan Luo, Guohua Zhang, Xinming Wang, and Mingjin Tang
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-2235, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-2235, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
This work investigated seasonal variations of aerosol Al solubility for supermicron and submicron particles at two locations in northern China. We conclude that atmospheric chemical processing, in which aerosol liquid water and acidity play vital roles, dictates aerosol Al solubility.
Shubin Li, Yujue Wang, Yiwen Zhang, Yizhe Yi, Yuchen Wang, Yuqi Guo, Chao Yu, Yue Jiang, Jinhui Shi, Chao Zhang, Jialei Zhu, Wei Hu, Jianzhen Yu, Xiaohong Yao, Huiwang Gao, and Min Hu
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-2154, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-2154, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Organosulfates (OSs) are an unrecognized and potentially important component in marine organic aerosols. In this study, we quantified and characterized the OSs over East Asian marginal seas. The chemical nature and spatiotemporal distribution of OSs were modified by the joint influence of marine emissions and transported terrestrial pollutants. The results highlight the vital roles of OSs in shaping organic aerosol formation and sulfur cycle during summer in marine boundary layer.
Wenbin Kou, Yang Gao, Dan Tong, Xiaojie Guo, Xiadong An, Wenyu Liu, Mengshi Cui, Xiuwen Guo, Shaoqing Zhang, Huiwang Gao, and Lixin Wu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 3029–3048, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-3029-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-3029-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Unlike traditional numerical studies, we apply a high-resolution Earth system model, improving simulations of surface ozone and large-scale circulations such as atmospheric blocking. Besides local heat waves, we quantify the impact of atmospheric blocking on downstream ozone concentrations, which is closely associated with the blocking position. We identify three major pathways of Rossby wave propagation, stressing the critical role of large-scale circulation in regional air quality.
Siyu Meng, Xun Gong, Benjamin Webber, Manoj Joshi, Xiaokun Ding, Xiang Gong, Mingliang Gu, and Huiwang Gao
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-13, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-13, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
The North Pacific Ocean Desert (NPOD), with low phytoplankton biomass, covers about 40 % of the North Pacific. The variations in NPOD seasonal cycle, which have a greater impact than its annual mean changes, are influenced by the El Niño-Southern Oscillation from 1998 to 2021. However, from 2021 to 2100, a weakened NPOD seasonal cycle is expected due to climate change. These changes in NPOD seasonal cycle could affect fisheries and marine ecosystems.
Xuan Wang, Lei Bi, Hong Wang, Yaqiang Wang, Wei Han, Xueshun Shen, and Xiaoye Zhang
Geosci. Model Dev., 18, 117–139, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-117-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-117-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
The Artificial-Intelligence-based Nonspherical Aerosol Optical Scheme (AI-NAOS) was developed to improve the estimation of the aerosol direct radiation effect and was coupled online with a chemical weather model. The AI-NAOS scheme considers black carbon as fractal aggregates and soil dust as super-spheroids, encapsulated with hygroscopic aerosols. Real-case simulations emphasize the necessity of accurately representing nonspherical and inhomogeneous aerosols in chemical weather models.
Hejun Xie, Lei Bi, and Wei Han
Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 5657–5688, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-5657-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-5657-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
A radar operator plays a crucial role in utilizing radar observations to enhance numerical weather forecasts. However, developing an advanced radar operator is challenging due to various complexities associated with the wave scattering by non-spherical hydrometeors, radar beam propagation, and multiple platforms. In this study, we introduce a novel radar operator named the Accurate and Efficient Radar Operator developed by ZheJiang University (ZJU-AERO) which boasts several unique features.
Xiaohong Yao and Leiming Zhang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 7773–7791, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-7773-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-7773-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study investigates long-term trends of criteria air pollutants, including NO2, CO, SO2, O3 and PM2.5, and NO2+O3 measured in 10 Canadian cities during the last 2 to 3 decades. We also investigate associated driving forces in terms of emission reductions, perturbations from varying weather conditions and large-scale wildfires, as well as changes in O3 sources and sinks.
Senyi Kong, Zheng Wang, and Lei Bi
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 6911–6935, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-6911-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-6911-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The retrieval of refractive indices of dust aerosols from laboratory optical measurements is commonly done assuming spherical particles. This paper aims to investigate the uncertainties in the shortwave refractive indices and corresponding optical properties by considering non-spherical and inhomogeneous models for dust samples. The study emphasizes the significance of using non-spherical models for simulating dust aerosols.
Ming Chu, Xing Wei, Shangfei Hai, Yang Gao, Huiwang Gao, Yujiao Zhu, Biwu Chu, Nan Ma, Juan Hong, Yele Sun, and Xiaohong Yao
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 6769–6786, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-6769-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-6769-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We used a 20-bin WRF-Chem model to simulate NPF events in the NCP during a three-week observational period in the summer of 2019. The model was able to reproduce the observations during June 29–July 6, which was characterized by a high frequency of NPF occurrence.
Wenshuai Li, Yuxuan Qi, Yingchen Liu, Guanru Wu, Yanjing Zhang, Jinhui Shi, Wenjun Qu, Lifang Sheng, Wencai Wang, Daizhou Zhang, and Yang Zhou
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 6495–6508, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-6495-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-6495-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Aerosol particles from mainland can transport to oceans and deposit, providing soluble Fe and affecting phytoplankton growth. Thus, we studied the dissolution process of aerosol Fe and found that photochemistry played a key role in promoting Fe dissolution in clean conditions. RH-dependent reactions were more influential in slightly polluted conditions. These results highlight the distinct roles of two weather-related parameters (radiation and RH) in influencing geochemical cycles related to Fe.
Jiawei Li, Zhiwei Han, Pingqing Fu, Xiaohong Yao, and Mingjie Liang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 3129–3161, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-3129-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-3129-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Organic aerosols of marine origin are important for aerosol climatic effects but are poorly understood. For the first time, an online coupled regional chemistry–climate model is applied to explore the characteristics of emission, distribution, and direct and indirect radiative effects of marine organic aerosols over the western Pacific, which reveals an important role of marine organic aerosols in perturbing cloud and radiation and promotes understanding of global aerosol climatic impact.
Feifan Yan, Hang Su, Yafang Cheng, Rujin Huang, Hong Liao, Ting Yang, Yuanyuan Zhu, Shaoqing Zhang, Lifang Sheng, Wenbin Kou, Xinran Zeng, Shengnan Xiang, Xiaohong Yao, Huiwang Gao, and Yang Gao
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 2365–2376, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-2365-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-2365-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
PM2.5 pollution is a major air quality issue deteriorating human health, and previous studies mostly focus on regions like the North China Plain and Yangtze River Delta. However, the characteristics of PM2.5 concentrations between these two regions are studied less often. Focusing on the transport corridor region, we identify an interesting seesaw transport phenomenon with stagnant weather conditions, conducive to PM2.5 accumulation over this region, resulting in large health effects.
Xiao-San Luo, Weijie Huang, Guofeng Shen, Yuting Pang, Mingwei Tang, Weijun Li, Zhen Zhao, Hanhan Li, Yaqian Wei, Longjiao Xie, and Tariq Mehmood
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 1345–1360, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-1345-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-1345-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
PM2.5 are air pollutants threatening health globally, but they are a mixture of chemical compositions from many sources and result in unequal toxicity. Which composition from which source of PM2.5 as the most hazardous object is a question hindering effective pollution control policy-making. With chemical and toxicity experiments, we found automobile exhaust and coal combustion to be priority emissions with higher toxic compositions for precise air pollution control, ensuring public health.
Xing Wei, Yanjie Shen, Xiao-Ying Yu, Yang Gao, Huiwang Gao, Ming Chu, Yujiao Zhu, and Xiaohong Yao
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 15325–15350, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-15325-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-15325-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We investigate the contribution of grown new particles to Nccn at a rural mountain site in the North China Plain. The total particle number concentrations (Ncn) observed on 8 new particle formation (NPF) days were higher compared to non-NPF days. The Nccn at 0.2 % supersaturation (SS) and 0.4 % SS on the NPF days was significantly lower than on non-NPF days. Only one of eight NPF events had detectable net contributions to Nccn at 0.4 % SS and 1.0 % SS with increased κ values.
Chupeng Zhang, Shangfei Hai, Yang Gao, Yuhang Wang, Shaoqing Zhang, Lifang Sheng, Bin Zhao, Shuxiao Wang, Jingkun Jiang, Xin Huang, Xiaojing Shen, Junying Sun, Aura Lupascu, Manish Shrivastava, Jerome D. Fast, Wenxuan Cheng, Xiuwen Guo, Ming Chu, Nan Ma, Juan Hong, Qiaoqiao Wang, Xiaohong Yao, and Huiwang Gao
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 10713–10730, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-10713-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-10713-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
New particle formation is an important source of atmospheric particles, exerting critical influences on global climate. Numerical models are vital tools to understanding atmospheric particle evolution, which, however, suffer from large biases in simulating particle numbers. Here we improve the model chemical processes governing particle sizes and compositions. The improved model reveals substantial contributions of newly formed particles to climate through effects on cloud condensation nuclei.
Qi Yuan, Yuanyuan Wang, Yixin Chen, Siyao Yue, Jian Zhang, Yinxiao Zhang, Liang Xu, Wei Hu, Dantong Liu, Pingqing Fu, Huiwang Gao, and Weijun Li
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 9385–9399, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-9385-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-9385-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This study for the first time found large amounts of liquid–liquid phase separation particles with soot redistributing in organic coatings instead of sulfate cores in the eastern Tibetan Plateau atmosphere. The particle size and the ratio of the organic matter coating thickness to soot size are two of the major possible factors that likely affect the soot redistribution process. The soot redistribution process promoted the morphological compaction of soot particles.
Yu Lin, Leiming Zhang, Qinchu Fan, He Meng, Yang Gao, Huiwang Gao, and Xiaohong Yao
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 16073–16090, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-16073-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-16073-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
In this study, we analyzed 7-year (from May 2014 to April 2021) concentration data of six criteria air pollutants (PM2.5, PM10, O3, NO2, CO and SO2) as well as the sum of NO2 and O3 in six cities in South China. Three different analysis methods were used to identify emission-driven interannual variations and perturbations from varying weather conditions. In addition, a self-developed method was further introduced to constrain analysis uncertainties.
Clarissa Baldo, Akinori Ito, Michael D. Krom, Weijun Li, Tim Jones, Nick Drake, Konstantin Ignatyev, Nicholas Davidson, and Zongbo Shi
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 6045–6066, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-6045-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-6045-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
High ionic strength relevant to the aerosol-water enhanced proton-promoted dissolution of iron in coal fly ash (up to 7 times) but suppressed oxalate-promoted dissolution at low pH (< 3). Fe in coal fly ash dissolved up to 7 times faster than in Saharan dust at low pH. A global model with the updated dissolution rates of iron in coal fly ash suggested a larger contribution of pyrogenic dissolved Fe over regions with a strong impact from fossil fuel combustions.
Yanhong Zhu, Weijun Li, Yue Wang, Jian Zhang, Lei Liu, Liang Xu, Jingsha Xu, Jinhui Shi, Longyi Shao, Pingqing Fu, Daizhou Zhang, and Zongbo Shi
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 2191–2202, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-2191-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-2191-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The solubilities of iron in fine particles in a megacity in Eastern China were studied under haze, fog, dust, clear, and rain weather conditions. For the first time, a receptor model was used to quantify the sources of dissolved and total iron aerosol. Microscopic analysis further confirmed the aging of iron aerosol during haze and fog conditions that facilitated dissolution of insoluble iron.
Yating Gao, Dihui Chen, Yanjie Shen, Yang Gao, Huiwang Gao, and Xiaohong Yao
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 1515–1528, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-1515-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-1515-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This study focuses on spatiotemporal heterogeneity of observed gaseous amines, NH3, their particulate counterparts in PM2.5 over different sea zones, and the disproportional release of alkaline gases and corresponding particulate counterparts from seawater in the sea zones in terms of different extents of enrichment of TMAH+ and DMAH+ in the sea surface microlayer (SML). A novel hypothesis is delivered.
Ying Zhou, Simo Hakala, Chao Yan, Yang Gao, Xiaohong Yao, Biwu Chu, Tommy Chan, Juha Kangasluoma, Shahzad Gani, Jenni Kontkanen, Pauli Paasonen, Yongchun Liu, Tuukka Petäjä, Markku Kulmala, and Lubna Dada
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 17885–17906, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-17885-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-17885-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We characterized the connection between new particle formation (NPF) events in terms of frequency, intensity and growth at a near-highway location in central Beijing and at a background mountain site 80 km away. Due to the substantial contribution of NPF to the global aerosol budget, identifying the conditions that promote the occurrence of regional NPF events could help understand their contribution on a large scale and would improve their implementation in global models.
Dihui Chen, Yanjie Shen, Juntao Wang, Yang Gao, Huiwang Gao, and Xiaohong Yao
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 16413–16425, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-16413-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-16413-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The study provides solid evidence to demonstrate that atmospheric trimethylamine (TMAgas) and particulate trimethylaminium in PM2.5 (TMAH+) observed in marine atmospheres were uniquely derived from seawater emissions. As sea-derived TMAgas correlated significantly with DMAgas and NH3gas, sea-derived DMAgas and NH3gas can be estimated and can quantify the contribution to the observed species in the marine atmosphere. Similarly, the contributions of primary DMAH+ have also been estimated.
Lin Tian, Lin Chen, Peng Zhang, and Lei Bi
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 11669–11687, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-11669-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-11669-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The result shows dust aerosols from the Taklimakan Desert have higher aerosol scattering during dust storm cases of this paper, and this caused higher negative direct radiative forcing efficiency (DRFEdust) than aerosols from the Sahara.
The microphysical properties and particle shapes of dust aerosol significantly influence DRFEdust. The satellite-based equi-albedo method has a unique advantage in DRFEdust estimation: it could validate the results derived from the numerical model directly.
Lei Liu, Jian Zhang, Yinxiao Zhang, Yuanyuan Wang, Liang Xu, Qi Yuan, Dantong Liu, Yele Sun, Pingqing Fu, Zongbo Shi, and Weijun Li
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 2251–2265, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-2251-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-2251-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We found that large numbers of light-absorbing primary organic particles with high viscosity, especially tarballs, from domestic coal and biomass burning occurred in rural and even urban hazes in the winter of North China. For the first time, we characterized the atmospheric aging process of these burning-related primary organic particles by microscopic analysis and further evaluated their light absorption enhancement resulting from the “lensing effect” of secondary inorganic coatings.
Yujiao Zhu, Likun Xue, Jian Gao, Jianmin Chen, Hongyong Li, Yong Zhao, Zhaoxin Guo, Tianshu Chen, Liang Wen, Penggang Zheng, Ye Shan, Xinfeng Wang, Tao Wang, Xiaohong Yao, and Wenxing Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 1305–1323, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-1305-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-1305-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
This work investigates the long-term changes in new particle formation (NPF) events under reduced SO2 emissions at the summit of Mt. Tai during seven campaigns from 2007 to 2018. We found the NPF intensity increased 2- to 3-fold in 2018 compared to 2007. In contrast, the probability of new particles growing to CCN size largely decreased. Changes to biogenic VOCs and anthropogenic emissions are proposed to explain the distinct NPF characteristics.
Liya Ma, Yujiao Zhu, Mei Zheng, Yele Sun, Lei Huang, Xiaohuan Liu, Yang Gao, Yanjie Shen, Huiwang Gao, and Xiaohong Yao
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 183–200, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-183-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-183-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
In this study, we investigate three patterns of new particles growing to CCN (cloud condensation nuclei) size, i.e., one-stage growth and two-stage growth-A and growth-B patterns. Combining the observations of gaseous pollutants and measured or modeled particulate chemical species, the three growth patterns were discussed regarding the spatial heterogeneity, formation of secondary aerosols, and evaporation of semivolatile particulates as was the survival probability of new particles to CCN size.
Jingsha Xu, Shaojie Song, Roy M. Harrison, Congbo Song, Lianfang Wei, Qiang Zhang, Yele Sun, Lu Lei, Chao Zhang, Xiaohong Yao, Dihui Chen, Weijun Li, Miaomiao Wu, Hezhong Tian, Lining Luo, Shengrui Tong, Weiran Li, Junling Wang, Guoliang Shi, Yanqi Huangfu, Yingze Tian, Baozhu Ge, Shaoli Su, Chao Peng, Yang Chen, Fumo Yang, Aleksandra Mihajlidi-Zelić, Dragana Đorđević, Stefan J. Swift, Imogen Andrews, Jacqueline F. Hamilton, Ye Sun, Agung Kramawijaya, Jinxiu Han, Supattarachai Saksakulkrai, Clarissa Baldo, Siqi Hou, Feixue Zheng, Kaspar R. Daellenbach, Chao Yan, Yongchun Liu, Markku Kulmala, Pingqing Fu, and Zongbo Shi
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 13, 6325–6341, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-6325-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-6325-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
An interlaboratory comparison was conducted for the first time to examine differences in water-soluble inorganic ions (WSIIs) measured by 10 labs using ion chromatography (IC) and by two online aerosol chemical speciation monitor (ACSM) methods. Major ions including SO42−, NO3− and NH4+ agreed well in 10 IC labs and correlated well with ACSM data. WSII interlab variability strongly affected aerosol acidity results based on ion balance, but aerosol pH computed by ISORROPIA II was very similar.
Liang Xu, Satoshi Fukushima, Sophie Sobanska, Kotaro Murata, Ayumi Naganuma, Lei Liu, Yuanyuan Wang, Hongya Niu, Zongbo Shi, Tomoko Kojima, Daizhou Zhang, and Weijun Li
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 14321–14332, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-14321-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-14321-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
We quantified the mixing structures of soot particles and found that the dominant mixing structure changed from fresh to partially embedded to fully embedded along the pathway of an Asian dust storm from eastern China to Japan. Soot particles became more compact following transport. Our findings not only provide direct evidence for soot aging during regional transport but also help us understand how their morphology changes in different air environments.
Jiawei Li, Zhiwei Han, Pingqing Fu, and Xiaohong Yao
Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2020-1016, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2020-1016, 2020
Revised manuscript not accepted
Short summary
Short summary
Organic aerosols of marine origin are so far poorly understood. An on-line coupled regional chemistry-climate model is developed to firstly explore and characterize the seasonality and annual feature of emission, distribution and radiative effects of marine organic aerosols specifically for the western Pacific over East Asia. This study reveals an important role of marine organic aerosols in radiation and cloud and would be valuable for climate research at both regional and global scales.
Wei Hu, Kotaro Murata, Chunlan Fan, Shu Huang, Hiromi Matsusaki, Pingqing Fu, and Daizhou Zhang
Biogeosciences, 17, 4477–4487, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-4477-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-4477-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
This paper reports the first estimate of the status of bacteria in long-distance-transported Asian dust, demonstrating that airborne dust, which can carry viable and nonviable bacteria on particle surfaces, is an efficient medium for constantly spreading bacteria at regional and even global scales. Such data are essential to better model and understand the roles and activities of bioaerosols in environmental evolution and climate change and the potential risks of bioaerosols to human health.
Cited articles
Athanasopoulou, E., Tombrou, M., Pandis, S. N., and Russell, A. G.: The role of sea-salt emissions and heterogeneous chemistry in the air quality of polluted coastal areas, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 8, 5755–5769, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-8-5755-2008, 2008.
Bondy, A. L., Wang, B., Laskin, A., Craig, R. L., Nhliziyo, M. V., Bertman,
S. B., Pratt, K. A., Shepson, P. B., and Ault, A. P.: Inland Sea Spray
Aerosol Transport and Incomplete Chloride Depletion: Varying Degrees of
Reactive Processing Observed during SOAS, Environ. Sci. Technol., 51,
9533–9542, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.7b02085, 2017.
Buseck, P. R. and Pósfai, M.: Airborne minerals and related aerosol
particles: Effects on climate and the environment, P. Natl. Acad. Sci.
USA, 96, 3372–3379, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.96.7.3372,
1999.
Chi, J. W., Li, W. J., Zhang, D. Z., Zhang, J. C., Lin, Y. T., Shen, X. J., Sun, J. Y., Chen, J. M., Zhang, X. Y., Zhang, Y. M., and Wang, W. X.: Sea salt aerosols as a reactive surface for inorganic and organic acidic gases in the Arctic troposphere, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 11341–11353, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-11341-2015, 2015.
Cravigan, L. T., Mallet, M. D., Vaattovaara, P., Harvey, M. J., Law, C. S., Modini, R. L., Russell, L. M., Stelcer, E., Cohen, D. D., Olsen, G., Safi, K., Burrell, T. J., and Ristovski, Z.: Sea spray aerosol organic enrichment, water uptake and surface tension effects, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 7955–7977, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-7955-2020, 2020.
Feng, J. L., Guo, Z. G., Zhang, T. R., Yao, X. H., Chan, C. K., and Fang,
M.: Source and formation of secondary particulate matter in PM2.5 in
Asian continental outflow, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 117, D03302, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011jd016400, 2012.
Feng, L., Shen, H., Zhu, Y., Gao, H., and Yao, X.: Insight into Generation
and Evolution of Sea-Salt Aerosols from Field Measurements in Diversified
Marine and Coastal Atmospheres, Sci. Rep., 7, 41260, https://doi.org/10.1038/srep41260, 2017.
Fu, J., Wang, B., Chen, Y., and Ma, Q.: The influence of continental air
masses on the aerosols and nutrients deposition over the western North
Pacific, Atmos. Environ., 172, 1–11, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2017.10.041, 2018.
Geng, H., Ryu, J., Jung, H.-J., Chung, H., Ahn, K.-H., and Ro, C.-U.:
Single-Particle Characterization of Summertime Arctic Aerosols Collected at
Ny-Ålesund, Svalbard, Environ. Sci. Technol., 44, 2348–2353, https://doi.org/10.1021/es903268j, 2010.
George, S. K., Nair, P. R., Parameswaran, K., Jacob, S., and Abraham, A.:
Seasonal trends in chemical composition of aerosols at a tropical coastal
site of India, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 113, D16209, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007JD009507, 2008.
Ghorai, S., Wang, B., Tivanski, A., and Laskin, A.: Hygroscopic Properties
of Internally Mixed Particles Composed of NaCl and Water-Soluble Organic
Acids, Environ. Sci. Technol., 48, 2234–2241, https://doi.org/10.1021/es404727u, 2014.
Guo, L., Chen, Y., Wang, F., Meng, X., Xu, Z., and Zhuang, G.: Effects of
Asian dust on the atmospheric input of trace elements to the East China Sea,
Mar. Chem., 163, 19–27, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marchem.2014.04.003, 2014.
Hsu, S.-C., Liu, S. C., Kao, S.-J., Jeng, W.-L., Huang, Y.-T., Tseng, C.-M.,
Tsai, F., Tu, J.-Y., and Yang, Y.: Water-soluble species in the marine
aerosol from the northern South China Sea: High chloride depletion related
to air pollution, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 112, D19304, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007JD008844, 2007.
Hu, R. M., Blanchet, J. P., and Girard, E.: Evaluation of the direct and
indirect radiative and climate effects of aerosols over the western Arctic,
J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 110, D11213, https://doi.org/10.1029/2004JD005043, 2005.
Kang, M., Fu, P., Kawamura, K., Yang, F., Zhang, H., Zang, Z., Ren, H., Ren, L., Zhao, Y., Sun, Y., and Wang, Z.: Characterization of biogenic primary and secondary organic aerosols in the marine atmosphere over the East China Sea, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 13947–13967, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-13947-2018, 2018.
Kanji, Z. A., Ladino, L. A., Wex, H., Boose, Y., Burkert-Kohn, M., Cziczo,
D. J., and Krämer, M.: Overview of Ice Nucleating Particles,
Meteor. Mon., 58, 1.1–1.33, https://doi.org/10.1175/amsmonographs-d-16-0006.1, 2017.
Koike, M., Kondo, Y., Kita, K., Takegawa, N., Masui, Y., Miyazaki, Y., Ko,
M. W., Weinheimer, A. J., Flocke, F., Weber, R. J., Thornton, D. C., Sachse,
G. W., Vay, S. A., Blake, D. R., Streets, D. G., Eisele, F. L., Sandholm, S.
T., Singh, H. B., and Talbot, R. W.: Export of anthropogenic reactive
nitrogen and sulfur compounds from the East Asia region in spring, J.
Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 108, 8789, https://doi.org/10.1029/2002JD003284, 2003.
Kondo, Y., Moteki, N., Oshima, N., Ohata, S., Koike, M., Shibano, Y.,
Takegawa, N., and Kita, K.: Effects of wet deposition on the abundance and
size distribution of black carbon in East Asia, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos.,
121, 4691–4712, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015JD024479, 2016.
Kong, X., Wolf, M. J., Roesch, M., Thomson, E. S., Bartels-Rausch, T.,
Alpert, P. A., Ammann, M., Prisle, N. L., and Cziczo, D. J.: A continuous
flow diffusion chamber study of sea salt particles acting as cloud nuclei:
deliquescence and ice nucleation, Tellus B, 70, 1–11, https://doi.org/10.1080/16000889.2018.1463806, 2018.
Laskin, A., Moffet, R. C., Gilles, M. K., Fast, J. D., Zaveri, R. A., Wang,
B., Nigge, P., and Shutthanandan, J.: Tropospheric chemistry of internally
mixed sea salt and organic particles: Surprising reactivity of NaCl with
weak organic acids, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 117, D15302, https://doi.org/10.1029/2012JD017743, 2012.
Lewis, E. R. and Schwartz, S. E.: Sea salt aerosol production: mechanisms,
methods, measurements, and models, American Geophysical Union, Washington,
DC, USA, 2004.
Li, W., Shao, L., Shi, Z., Chen, J., Yang, L., Yuan, Q., Yan, C., Zhang, X.,
Wang, Y., Sun, J., Zhang, Y., Shen, X., Wang, Z., and Wang, W.: Mixing state
and hygroscopicity of dust and haze particles before leaving Asian
continent, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 119, 1044–1059, https://doi.org/10.1002/2013JD021003, 2014.
Li, W., Shao, L., Zhang, D., Ro, C.-U., Hu, M., Bi, X., Geng, H., Matsuki,
A., Niu, H., and Chen, J.: A review of single aerosol particle studies in
the atmosphere of East Asia: morphology, mixing state, source, and
heterogeneous reactions, J. Clean. Prod., 112, 1330–1349, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2015.04.050, 2016a.
Li, W., Sun, J., Xu, L., Shi, Z., Riemer, N., Sun, Y., Fu, P., Zhang, J.,
Lin, Y., Wang, X., Shao, L., Chen, J., Zhang, X., Wang, Z., and Wang, W.: A
conceptual framework for mixing structures in individual aerosol particles,
J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 121, 13784–13798, https://doi.org/10.1002/2016JD025252, 2016b.
Li, W., Xu, L., Liu, X., Zhang, J., Lin, Y., Yao, X., Gao, H., Zhang, D.,
Chen, J., Wang, W., Harrison, R. M., Zhang, X., Shao, L., Fu, P., Nenes, A.,
and Shi, Z.: Air pollution–aerosol interactions produce more bioavailable
iron for ocean ecosystems, Sci. Adv., 3, e1601749, https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1601749, 2017.
Li, W., Liu, L., Zhang, J., Xu, L., Wang, Y., Sun, Y., and Shi, Z.:
Microscopic Evidence for Phase Separation of Organic Species and Inorganic
Salts in Fine Ambient Aerosol Particles, Environ. Sci. Technol., 55,
2234–2242, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.0c02333, 2021.
Luo, L., Yao, X. H., Gao, H. W., Hsu, S. C., Li, J. W., and Kao, S. J.: Nitrogen speciation in various types of aerosols in spring over the northwestern Pacific Ocean, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 325–341, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-325-2016, 2016.
Mahowald, N. M., Hamilton, D. S., Mackey, K. R. M., Moore, J. K., Baker, A.
R., Scanza, R. A., and Zhang, Y.: Aerosol trace metal leaching and impacts
on marine microorganisms, Nat. Commun., 9, 2614, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-04970-7, 2018.
McInnes, L. M., Covert, D. S., Quinn, P. K., and Germani, M. S.:
Measurements of chloride depletion and sulfur enrichment in individual
sea-salt particles collected from the remote marine boundary layer, J.
Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 99, 8257–8268, https://doi.org/10.1029/93JD03453, 1994.
Moffet, R. C., Furutani, H., Rödel, T. C., Henn, T. R., Sprau, P. O.,
Laskin, A., Uematsu, M., and Gilles, M. K.: Iron speciation and mixing in
single aerosol particles from the Asian continental outflow, J. Geophys.
Res.-Atmos., 117, D07204, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011JD016746, 2012.
Mouri, H. and Okada, K.: Shattering and modification of sea-salt particles
in the marine atmosphere, Geophys. Res. Lett., 20, 49–52, https://doi.org/10.1029/92GL03004, 1993.
Murphy, D., Anderson, J., Quinn, P., McInnes, L., Brechtel, F., Kreidenweis,
S., Middlebrook, A., Pósfai, M., Thomson, D., and Buseck, P.: Influence
of sea-salt on aerosol radiative properties in the Southern Ocean marine
boundary layer, Nature, 392, 62–65, https://doi.org/10.1038/32138, 1998.
O'Dowd Colin, D. and de Leeuw, G.: Marine aerosol production: a review of
the current knowledge, Philos. T. Roy. Soc. A., 365, 1753–1774, https://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2007.2043, 2007.
Oum, K. W., Lakin, M. J., DeHaan, D. O., Brauers, T., and Finlayson-Pitts,
B. J.: Formation of Molecular Chlorine from the Photolysis of Ozone and
Aqueous Sea-Salt Particles, Science, 279, 74–76, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.279.5347.74, 1998.
Pósfai, M., Anderson, J. R., Buseck, P. R., Shattuck, T. W., and
Tindale, N. W.: Constituents of a remote pacific marine aerosol: A tem
study, Atmos. Environ., 28, 1747–1756, https://doi.org/10.1016/1352-2310(94)90137-6, 1994.
Pant, V., Deshpande, C. G., and Kamra, A. K.: On the aerosol number
concentration–wind speed relationship during a severe cyclonic storm over
south Indian Ocean, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 113, D02206, https://doi.org/10.1029/2006JD008035, 2008.
Pierce, J. R. and Adams, P. J.: Global evaluation of CCN formation by
direct emission of sea salt and growth of ultrafine sea salt, J. Geophys.
Res.-Atmos., 111, D06203, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005JD006186, 2006.
Quinn, P. K., Bates, T. S., Johnson, J. E., Covert, D. S., and Charlson, R.
J.: Interactions between the sulfur and reduced nitrogen cycles over the
central Pacific Ocean, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 95, 16405–16416, https://doi.org/10.1029/JD095iD10p16405, 1990.
Riemer, N., Ault, A. P., West, M., Craig, R. L., and Curtis, J. H.: Aerosol
Mixing State: Measurements, Modeling, and Impacts, Rev. Geophys., 57,
187–249, https://doi.org/10.1029/2018rg000615, 2019.
Savoie, D. L., Prospero, J. M., Arimoto, R., and Duce, R. A.: Non-sea-salt
sulfate and methanesulfonate at American Samoa, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos.,
99, 3587–3596, https://doi.org/10.1029/93JD03337, 1994.
Shi, J., Wang, N., Gao, H., Baker, A. R., Yao, X., and Zhang, D.: Phosphorus solubility in aerosol particles related to particle sources and atmospheric acidification in Asian continental outflow, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 847–860, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-847-2019, 2019.
Shi, Z., Krom, M. D., Jickells, T. D., Bonneville, S., Carslaw, K. S.,
Mihalopoulos, N., Baker, A. R., and Benning, L. G.: Impacts on iron
solubility in the mineral dust by processes in the source region and the
atmosphere: A review, Aeolian Res., 5, 21–42, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aeolia.2012.03.001, 2012.
Shinozuka, Y., Clarke, A. D., Howell, S. G., Kapustin, V. N., and Huebert,
B. J.: Sea-salt vertical profiles over the Southern and tropical Pacific
oceans: Microphysics, optical properties, spatial variability, and
variations with wind speed, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 109, D24201,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2004JD004975, 2004.
Sievering, H., Cainey, J., Harvey, M., McGregor, J., Nichol, S., and Quinn,
P.: Aerosol non-sea-salt sulfate in the remote marine boundary layer under
clear-sky and normal cloudiness conditions: Ocean-derived biogenic
alkalinity enhances sea-salt sulfate production by ozone oxidation, J.
Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 109, D19317, https://doi.org/10.1029/2003JD004315, 2004.
Stein, A. F., Draxler, R. R., Rolph, G. D., Stunder, B. J. B., Cohen, M. D., and Ngan, F.: NOAA’s HYSPLIT Atmospheric Transport and Dispersion Modeling System, B. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 96, 2059–2077, https://doi.org/10.1175/bams-d-14-00110.1, 2015.
Ueda, S., Osada, K., Hara, K., Yabuki, M., Hashihama, F., and Kanda, J.: Morphological features and mixing states of soot-containing particles in the marine boundary layer over the Indian and Southern oceans, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 9207–9224, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-9207-2018, 2018.
Uematsu, M., Hattori, H., Nakamura, T., Narita, Y., Jung, J., Matsumoto, K.,
Nakaguchi, Y., and Kumar, M. D.: Atmospheric transport and deposition of
anthropogenic substances from the Asia to the East China Sea, Mar. Chem.,
120, 108–115, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marchem.2010.01.004,
2010.
Uno, I., Eguchi, K., Yumimoto, K., Takemura, T., Shimizu, A., Uematsu, M.,
Liu, Z., Wang, Z., Hara, Y., and Sugimoto, N.: Asian dust transported one
full circuit around the globe, Nat. Geosci., 2, 557–560, https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo583, 2009.
Wang, J., Ye, J., Zhang, Q., Zhao, J., Wu, Y., Li, J., Liu, D., Li, W.,
Zhang, Y., Wu, C., Xie, C., Qin, Y., Lei, Y., Huang, X., Guo, J., Liu, P.,
Fu, P., Li, Y., Lee, H. C., Choi, H., Zhang, J., Liao, H., Chen, M., Sun,
Y., Ge, X., Martin, S. T., and Jacob, D. J.: Aqueous production of secondary
organic aerosol from fossil-fuel emissions in winter Beijing haze, P.
Natl. Acad. Sci. USA., 118, e2022179118, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2022179118, 2021.
Wang, Z., Bi, L., Yi, B., and Zhang, X.: How the Inhomogeneity of Wet Sea
Salt Aerosols Affects Direct Radiative Forcing, Geophys. Res. Lett., 46,
1805–1813, https://doi.org/10.1029/2018GL081193, 2019.
Wise, M. E., Freney, E. J., Tyree, C. A., Allen, J. O., Martin, S. T.,
Russell, L. M., and Buseck, P. R.: Hygroscopic behavior and liquid-layer
composition of aerosol particles generated from natural and artificial
seawater, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 114, D03201, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008JD010449, 2009.
Yao, X. and Zhang, L.: Chemical processes in sea-salt chloride depletion
observed at a Canadian rural coastal site, Atmos. Environ., 46, 189–194,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2011.09.081, 2012.
Zhang, D., Iwasaka, Y., Shi, G., Zang, J., Matsuki, A., and Trochkine, D.:
Mixture state and size of Asian dust particles collected at southwestern
Japan in spring 2000, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 108, 4760, https://doi.org/10.1029/2003JD003869, 2003.
Zhang, X., Massoli, P., Quinn, P. K., Bates, T. S., and Cappa, C. D.:
Hygroscopic growth of submicron and supermicron aerosols in the marine
boundary layer, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 119, 8384–8399, https://doi.org/10.1002/2013JD021213, 2014.
Zhang, X.-X., Sharratt, B., Liu, L.-Y., Wang, Z.-F., Pan, X.-L., Lei, J.-Q., Wu, S.-X., Huang, S.-Y., Guo, Y.-H., Li, J., Tang, X., Yang, T., Tian, Y., Chen, X.-S., Hao, J.-Q., Zheng, H.-T., Yang, Y.-Y., and Lyu, Y.-L.: East Asian dust storm in May 2017: observations, modelling, and its influence on the Asia-Pacific region, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 8353–8371, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-8353-2018, 2018.
Zhu, Y., Li, K., Shen, Y., Gao, Y., Liu, X., Yu, Y., Gao, H., and Yao, X.: New particle formation in the marine atmosphere during seven cruise campaigns, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 89–113, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-89-2019, 2019.
Short summary
We quantified different types of marine aerosols and explored the Cl depletion of sea salt aerosol (SSA) in the eastern China seas and the northwestern Pacific Ocean. We found that anthropogenic acidic gases in the troposphere were transported longer distances compared to the anthropogenic aerosols and could significantly impact remote marine aerosols. Meanwhile, variations of chloride depletion in SSA can serve as a potential indicator for anthropogenic gaseous pollutants in remote marine air.
We quantified different types of marine aerosols and explored the Cl depletion of sea salt...
Altmetrics
Final-revised paper
Preprint