Articles | Volume 20, issue 13
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-7955-2020
© Author(s) 2020. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-7955-2020
© Author(s) 2020. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
09 Jul 2020
Research article |
| 09 Jul 2020
| 09 Jul 2020
Sea spray aerosol organic enrichment, water uptake and surface tension effects
Luke T. Cravigan
School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
Marc D. Mallet
School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
now at: Australian Antarctic Program Partnership, Institute for Marine and Antarctic Science, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
Petri Vaattovaara
Department of Environmental Science, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
Mike J. Harvey
National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, Wellington, New Zealand
Cliff S. Law
National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, Wellington, New Zealand
Department of Marine Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
Robin L. Modini
Scripps Institute of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
now at: Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
Lynn M. Russell
Scripps Institute of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
Ed Stelcer
Centre for Accelerator Science, NSTLI, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Menai, NSW, Australia
deceased
David D. Cohen
Centre for Accelerator Science, NSTLI, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Menai, NSW, Australia
Greg Olsen
National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, Hamilton, New Zealand
Karl Safi
National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, Hamilton, New Zealand
Timothy J. Burrell
National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, Wellington, New Zealand
School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
Related authors
Ruhi S. Humphries, Melita D. Keywood, Jason P. Ward, James Harnwell, Simon P. Alexander, Andrew R. Klekociuk, Keiichiro Hara, Ian M. McRobert, Alain Protat, Joel Alroe, Luke T. Cravigan, Branka Miljevic, Zoran D. Ristovski, Robyn Schofield, Stephen R. Wilson, Connor J. Flynn, Gourihar R. Kulkarni, Gerald G. Mace, Greg M. McFarquhar, Scott D. Chambers, Alastair G. Williams, and Alan D. Griffiths
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 3749–3777, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-3749-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-3749-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Observations of aerosols in pristine regions are rare but are vital to constraining the natural baseline from which climate simulations are calculated. Here we present recent seasonal observations of aerosols from the Southern Ocean and contrast them with measurements from Antarctica, Australia and regionally relevant voyages. Strong seasonal cycles persist, but striking differences occur at different latitudes. This study highlights the need for more long-term observations in remote regions.
Sonya L. Fiddes, Matthew T. Woodhouse, Steve Utembe, Robyn Schofield, Simon P. Alexander, Joel Alroe, Scott D. Chambers, Zhenyi Chen, Luke Cravigan, Erin Dunne, Ruhi S. Humphries, Graham Johnson, Melita D. Keywood, Todd P. Lane, Branka Miljevic, Yuko Omori, Alain Protat, Zoran Ristovski, Paul Selleck, Hilton B. Swan, Hiroshi Tanimoto, Jason P. Ward, and Alastair G. Williams
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 2419–2445, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-2419-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-2419-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Coral reefs have been found to produce the climatically relevant chemical compound dimethyl sulfide (DMS). It has been suggested that corals can modify their environment via the production of DMS. We use an atmospheric chemistry model to test this theory at a regional scale for the first time. We find that it is unlikely that coral-reef-derived DMS has an influence over local climate, in part due to the proximity to terrestrial and anthropogenic aerosol sources.
Joel Alroe, Luke T. Cravigan, Branka Miljevic, Graham R. Johnson, Paul Selleck, Ruhi S. Humphries, Melita D. Keywood, Scott D. Chambers, Alastair G. Williams, and Zoran D. Ristovski
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 8047–8062, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-8047-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-8047-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
We present findings from an austral summer voyage across the full latitudinal width of the Southern Ocean, south of Australia. Aerosol properties were strongly influenced by marine biological activity, synoptic-scale weather systems, and long-range transport of continental-influenced air masses. The meteorological history of the sampled air masses is shown to have a vital limiting influence on cloud condensation nuclei and the accuracy of modelled sea spray aerosol concentrations.
Cliff S. Law, Murray J. Smith, Mike J. Harvey, Thomas G. Bell, Luke T. Cravigan, Fiona C. Elliott, Sarah J. Lawson, Martine Lizotte, Andrew Marriner, John McGregor, Zoran Ristovski, Karl A. Safi, Eric S. Saltzman, Petri Vaattovaara, and Carolyn F. Walker
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 13645–13667, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-13645-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-13645-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
We carried out a multidisciplinary study to examine how aerosol production is influenced by the production and emission of trace gases and particles in the surface ocean. Phytoplankton blooms of different species composition in frontal waters southeast of New Zealand were a significant source of dimethylsulfide and other aerosol precursors. The relationships between surface ocean biogeochemistry and aerosol composition will inform the understanding of aerosol production over the remote ocean.
Imad El Haddad, Danielle Vienneau, Kaspar R. Daellenbach, Robin Modini, Jay G. Slowik, Abhishek Upadhyay, Petros N. Vasilakos, David Bell, Kees de Hoogh, and Andre S. H. Prevot
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 11981–12011, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-11981-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-11981-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This opinion paper explores how advances in aerosol science inform our understanding of the health impacts of outdoor particulate pollution. We advocate for a shift in the way we target PM pollution, focusing on the most harmful anthropogenic emissions. We highlight key observations, modelling developments, and emission measurements needed to achieve this shift.
Valeria Mardoñez-Balderrama, Griša Močnik, Marco Pandolfi, Robin L. Modini, Fernando Velarde, Laura Renzi, Angela Marinoni, Jean-Luc Jaffrezo, Isabel Moreno R., Diego Aliaga, Federico Bianchi, Claudia Mohr, Martin Gysel-Beer, Patrick Ginot, Radovan Krejci, Alfred Wiedensohler, Gaëlle Uzu, Marcos Andrade, and Paolo Laj
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 12055–12077, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-12055-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-12055-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Levels of black carbon (BC) are scarcely reported in the Southern Hemisphere, especially in high-altitude conditions. This study provides insight into the concentration level, variability, and optical properties of BC in La Paz and El Alto and at the Chacaltaya Global Atmosphere Watch Station. Two methods of source apportionment of absorption were tested and compared showing traffic as the main contributor to absorption in the urban area, in addition to biomass and open waste burning.
Abigail S. Williams, Jeramy L. Dedrick, Lynn M. Russell, Florian Tornow, Israel Silber, Ann M. Fridlind, Benjamin Swanson, Paul J. DeMott, Paul Zieger, and Radovan Krejci
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 11791–11805, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-11791-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-11791-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The measured aerosol size distribution modes reveal distinct properties characteristic of cold-air outbreaks in the Norwegian Arctic. We find higher sea spray number concentrations, smaller Hoppel minima, lower effective supersaturations, and accumulation-mode particle scavenging during cold-air outbreaks. These results advance our understanding of cold-air outbreak aerosol–cloud interactions in order to improve their accurate representation in models.
Behnaz Alinaghipour, Sadegh Niazi, Robert Groth, Branka Miljevic, and Zoran Ristovski
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2161, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2161, 2024
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for Atmospheric Measurement Techniques (AMT).
Short summary
Short summary
Airborne particles are crucial in environmental and health studies, requiring precise sampling for accurate characterisation. Our study examines the optimal sampling time for the TSI Nanometer Aerosol Sampler 3089 at different input concentrations. Aerosols from low, medium and high concentration environments were sampled over 1, 3, and 6 hours. A linear relationship was observed using a regression model between the deposition densities and the product of input concentration and sampling time.
Karam Mansour, Stefano Decesari, Darius Ceburnis, Jurgita Ovadnevaite, Lynn M. Russell, Marco Paglione, Laurent Poulain, Shan Huang, Colin O'Dowd, and Matteo Rinaldi
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 2717–2740, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-2717-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-2717-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We propose and evaluate machine learning predictive algorithms to model freshly formed biogenic methanesulfonic acid and sulfate concentrations. The long-term constructed dataset covers the North Atlantic at an unprecedented resolution. The improved parameterization of biogenic sulfur aerosols at regional scales is essential for determining their radiative forcing, which could help further understand marine-aerosol–cloud interactions and reduce uncertainties in climate models
Israel Silber, Jennifer M. Comstock, Michael R. Kieburtz, and Lynn M. Russell
Earth Syst. Sci. Data Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2024-127, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2024-127, 2024
Revised manuscript accepted for ESSD
Short summary
Short summary
We present ARMTRAJ, a set of multi-purpose trajectory datasets generated using HYSPLIT informed by ERA5 reanalysis at 0.25° resolution, which augments cloud, aerosol, and boundary layer studies utilizing the U.S. DOE ARM data. ARMTRAJ data include ensemble run statistics that enhance consistency and serve as uncertainty metrics for airmass coordinates and state variables. ARMTRAJ is expected to become a near real-time product that will accompany past, ongoing, and future ARM deployments.
Tiantian Wang, Jun Zhang, Houssni Lamkaddam, Kun Li, Ka Yuen Cheung, Lisa Kattner, Erlend Gammelsæter, Michael Bauer, Zachary C. J. Decker, Deepika Bhattu, Rujin Huang, Rob L. Modini, Jay G. Slowik, Imad El Haddad, Andre S. H. Prevot, and David M. Bell
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1161, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1161, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Our study analyzes real-time emissions of primary organic gases from solid fuel combustion, including residential and open burning. Using Vocus-PTR-TOF, we tested various fuels, finding higher emissions from wood burning. Statistical tests identified unique characteristic compounds. IVOCs are key precursors to SOA formation, particularly in open burning. Our insights benefit air quality, climate, and health, advancing atmospheric chemistry and aiding accurate emission assessments.
Emily Y. Li, Amir Yazdani, Ann M. Dillner, Guofeng Shen, Wyatt M. Champion, James J. Jetter, William T. Preston, Lynn M. Russell, Michael D. Hays, and Satoshi Takahama
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 17, 2401–2413, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-2401-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-2401-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Infrared spectroscopy is a cost-effective measurement technique to characterize the chemical composition of organic aerosol emissions. This technique differentiates the organic matter emission factor from different fuel sources by their characteristic functional groups. Comparison with collocated measurements suggests that polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon concentrations in emissions estimated by conventional chromatography may be substantially underestimated.
Ryan N. Farley, Sonya Collier, Christopher D. Cappa, Leah R. Williams, Timothy B. Onasch, Lynn M. Russell, Hwajin Kim, and Qi Zhang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 15039–15056, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-15039-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-15039-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Soot particles, also known as black carbon (BC), have important implications for global climate and regional air quality. After the particles are emitted, BC can be coated with other material, impacting the aerosol properties. We selectively measured the composition of particles containing BC to explore their sources and chemical transformations in the atmosphere. We focus on a persistent, multiday fog event in order to study the effects of chemical reactions occurring within liquid droplets.
Karine Sellegri, Theresa Barthelmeß, Jonathan Trueblood, Antonia Cristi, Evelyn Freney, Clémence Rose, Neill Barr, Mike Harvey, Karl Safi, Stacy Deppeler, Karen Thompson, Wayne Dillon, Anja Engel, and Cliff Law
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 12949–12964, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-12949-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-12949-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The amount of sea spray emitted to the atmosphere depends on the ocean temperature, but this dependency is not well understood, especially when ocean biology is involved. In this study, we show that sea spray emissions are increased by up to a factor of 4 at low seawater temperatures compared to moderate temperatures, and we quantify the temperature dependence as a function of the ocean biogeochemistry.
Alireza Moallemi, Robin L. Modini, Benjamin T. Brem, Barbara Bertozzi, Philippe Giaccari, and Martin Gysel-Beer
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 16, 3653–3678, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-3653-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-3653-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Polarimetric data, i.e., the angular and polarization dependence of light scattering by aerosols, contain ample information on optical and microphysical properties. Retrieval of these properties is a central approach in aerosol remote sensing. We present a description, calibration, validation, and a first application of a new benchtop polar nephelometer, which provides in situ polarimetric measurements of an aerosol. Such data facilitate agreement between retrieval results and independent data.
Manon Rocco, Erin Dunne, Alexia Saint-Macary, Maija Peltola, Theresa Barthelmeß, Neill Barr, Karl Safi, Andrew Marriner, Stacy Deppeler, James Harnwell, Anja Engel, Aurélie Colomb, Alfonso Saiz-Lopez, Mike Harvey, Cliff S. Law, and Karine Sellegri
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-516, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-516, 2023
Preprint archived
Short summary
Short summary
During the Sea2cloud campaign in the Southern Pacific Ocean, we measured air-sea emissions from phytopankton of two key atmospheric compounds: DMS and MeSH. These compounds are well-known to play a great role in atmospheric chemistry and climate. We see in this paper that these compounds are most emited by the nanophytoplankton population. We provide here parameters for climate models to predict future trends of the emissions of these compounds and their roles and impacts on the global warming.
Maija Peltola, Clémence Rose, Jonathan V. Trueblood, Sally Gray, Mike Harvey, and Karine Sellegri
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 3955–3983, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-3955-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-3955-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We measured the chemical composition of ambient ions at a coastal New Zealand site and connected these data with aerosol size distribution data to study the chemical precursors of new particle formation at the site. Our results showed that iodine oxides and sulfur species were important for particle formation in marine air, while in land-influenced air sulfuric acid and organics were connected to new particle formation events.
Ruhi S. Humphries, Melita D. Keywood, Jason P. Ward, James Harnwell, Simon P. Alexander, Andrew R. Klekociuk, Keiichiro Hara, Ian M. McRobert, Alain Protat, Joel Alroe, Luke T. Cravigan, Branka Miljevic, Zoran D. Ristovski, Robyn Schofield, Stephen R. Wilson, Connor J. Flynn, Gourihar R. Kulkarni, Gerald G. Mace, Greg M. McFarquhar, Scott D. Chambers, Alastair G. Williams, and Alan D. Griffiths
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 3749–3777, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-3749-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-3749-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Observations of aerosols in pristine regions are rare but are vital to constraining the natural baseline from which climate simulations are calculated. Here we present recent seasonal observations of aerosols from the Southern Ocean and contrast them with measurements from Antarctica, Australia and regionally relevant voyages. Strong seasonal cycles persist, but striking differences occur at different latitudes. This study highlights the need for more long-term observations in remote regions.
Veronica Z. Berta, Lynn M. Russell, Derek J. Price, Chia-Li Chen, Alex K. Y. Lee, Patricia K. Quinn, Timothy S. Bates, Thomas G. Bell, and Michael J. Behrenfeld
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 2765–2787, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-2765-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-2765-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Amines are compounds emitted from a variety of marine and continental sources and were measured by aerosol mass spectrometry and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy during the North Atlantic Aerosols and Marine Ecosystems Study (NAAMES) cruises. Secondary continental and primary marine sources of amines were identified by comparisons to tracers. The results show that the two methods are complementary for investigating amines in the marine environment.
Francesca Gallo, Kevin J. Sanchez, Bruce E. Anderson, Ryan Bennett, Matthew D. Brown, Ewan C. Crosbie, Chris Hostetler, Carolyn Jordan, Melissa Yang Martin, Claire E. Robinson, Lynn M. Russell, Taylor J. Shingler, Michael A. Shook, Kenneth L. Thornhill, Elizabeth B. Wiggins, Edward L. Winstead, Armin Wisthaler, Luke D. Ziemba, and Richard H. Moore
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 1465–1490, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-1465-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-1465-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We integrate in situ ship- and aircraft-based measurements of aerosol, trace gases, and meteorological parameters collected during the NASA North Atlantic Aerosols and Marine Ecosystems Study (NAAMES) field campaigns in the western North Atlantic Ocean region. A comprehensive characterization of the vertical profiles of aerosol properties under different seasonal regimes is provided for improving the understanding of aerosol key processes and aerosol–cloud interactions in marine regions.
Alexia D. Saint-Macary, Andrew Marriner, Theresa Barthelmeß, Stacy Deppeler, Karl Safi, Rafael Costa Santana, Mike Harvey, and Cliff S. Law
Ocean Sci., 19, 1–15, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-19-1-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-19-1-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The uppermost oceanic layer was sampled to determine what can explain a potential dimethyl sulfide (DMS) enrichment in this environment. A novel sampling method was used, and the results showed that DMS was not as enriched as expected. Our results showed that the phytoplanktonic composition influenced the DMS concentration, confirming results from another study in this oceanic region. However, additional factors are required to observe a DMS enrichment in the uppermost oceanic layer.
Alexia D. Saint-Macary, Andrew Marriner, Stacy Deppeler, Karl A. Safi, and Cliff S. Law
Ocean Sci., 18, 1559–1571, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-18-1559-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-18-1559-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
To understand how dimethyl sulfide (DMS) enrichment is maintained in the sea surface microlayer (SML) while DMS is lost to the atmosphere, deck-board incubation was carried out to determine DMS sources and sinks. Our results showed that the phytoplankton composition played an essential role in DMS processes in the SML. However, all accumulated DMS processes were lower than the calculated air–sea DMS flux.
Alireza Moallemi, Rob L. Modini, Tatyana Lapyonok, Anton Lopatin, David Fuertes, Oleg Dubovik, Philippe Giaccari, and Martin Gysel-Beer
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 15, 5619–5642, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-5619-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-5619-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Aerosol properties (size distributions, refractive indices) can be retrieved from in situ, angularly resolved light scattering measurements performed with polar nephelometers. We apply an established framework to assess the aerosol property retrieval potential for different instrument configurations, target applications, and assumed prior knowledge. We also demonstrate how a reductive greedy algorithm can be used to determine the optimal placements of the angular sensors in a polar nephelometer.
Christian Tatzelt, Silvia Henning, André Welti, Andrea Baccarini, Markus Hartmann, Martin Gysel-Beer, Manuela van Pinxteren, Robin L. Modini, Julia Schmale, and Frank Stratmann
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 9721–9745, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-9721-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-9721-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We present the abundance and origin of cloud-relevant aerosol particles in the preindustral-like conditions of the Southern Ocean (SO) during austral summer. Cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) and ice-nucleating particles (INP) were measured during a circum-Antarctic scientific cruise with in situ instrumentation and offline filter measurements, respectively. Transport processes were found to play an equally important role as local sources for both the CCN and INP population of the SO.
Jeramy L. Dedrick, Georges Saliba, Abigail S. Williams, Lynn M. Russell, and Dan Lubin
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 15, 4171–4194, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-4171-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-4171-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
A new method is presented to retrieve the sea spray aerosol size distribution by combining submicron size and nephelometer scattering based on Mie theory. Using available sea spray tracers, we find that this approach serves as a comparable substitute to supermicron size distribution measurements, which are limited in availability at marine sites. Application of this technique can expand sea spray observations and improve the characterization of marine aerosol impacts on clouds and climate.
Maija Peltola, Clémence Rose, Jonathan V. Trueblood, Sally Gray, Mike Harvey, and Karine Sellegri
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 6231–6254, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-6231-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-6231-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Despite the importance of marine aerosol measurements for constraining climate models, these measurements are scarce. We measured the aerosol particle number size distribution in coastal New Zealand over a total period of 10 months. This paper analyses the aerosol properties at the site, with a special focus on new particle formation and marine air masses. New particle formation was observed frequently, but in marine air masses it did not follow traditional event criteria.
Kevin J. Sanchez, Bo Zhang, Hongyu Liu, Matthew D. Brown, Ewan C. Crosbie, Francesca Gallo, Johnathan W. Hair, Chris A. Hostetler, Carolyn E. Jordan, Claire E. Robinson, Amy Jo Scarino, Taylor J. Shingler, Michael A. Shook, Kenneth L. Thornhill, Elizabeth B. Wiggins, Edward L. Winstead, Luke D. Ziemba, Georges Saliba, Savannah L. Lewis, Lynn M. Russell, Patricia K. Quinn, Timothy S. Bates, Jack Porter, Thomas G. Bell, Peter Gaube, Eric S. Saltzman, Michael J. Behrenfeld, and Richard H. Moore
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 2795–2815, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-2795-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-2795-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Atmospheric particle concentrations impact clouds, which strongly impact the amount of sunlight reflected back into space and the overall climate. Measurements of particles over the ocean are rare and expensive to collect, so models are necessary to fill in the gaps by simulating both particle and clouds. However, some measurements are needed to test the accuracy of the models. Here, we measure changes in particles in different weather conditions, which are ideal for comparison with models.
Sonya L. Fiddes, Matthew T. Woodhouse, Steve Utembe, Robyn Schofield, Simon P. Alexander, Joel Alroe, Scott D. Chambers, Zhenyi Chen, Luke Cravigan, Erin Dunne, Ruhi S. Humphries, Graham Johnson, Melita D. Keywood, Todd P. Lane, Branka Miljevic, Yuko Omori, Alain Protat, Zoran Ristovski, Paul Selleck, Hilton B. Swan, Hiroshi Tanimoto, Jason P. Ward, and Alastair G. Williams
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 2419–2445, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-2419-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-2419-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Coral reefs have been found to produce the climatically relevant chemical compound dimethyl sulfide (DMS). It has been suggested that corals can modify their environment via the production of DMS. We use an atmospheric chemistry model to test this theory at a regional scale for the first time. We find that it is unlikely that coral-reef-derived DMS has an influence over local climate, in part due to the proximity to terrestrial and anthropogenic aerosol sources.
Jesse M. Vance, Kim Currie, John Zeldis, Peter W. Dillingham, and Cliff S. Law
Biogeosciences, 19, 241–269, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-241-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-241-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Long-term monitoring is needed to detect changes in our environment. Time series of ocean carbon have aided our understanding of seasonal cycles and provided evidence for ocean acidification. Data gaps are inevitable, yet no standard method for filling gaps exists. We present a regression approach here and compare it to seven other common methods to understand the impact of different approaches when assessing seasonal to climatic variability in ocean carbon.
Sebastian Landwehr, Michele Volpi, F. Alexander Haumann, Charlotte M. Robinson, Iris Thurnherr, Valerio Ferracci, Andrea Baccarini, Jenny Thomas, Irina Gorodetskaya, Christian Tatzelt, Silvia Henning, Rob L. Modini, Heather J. Forrer, Yajuan Lin, Nicolas Cassar, Rafel Simó, Christel Hassler, Alireza Moallemi, Sarah E. Fawcett, Neil Harris, Ruth Airs, Marzieh H. Derkani, Alberto Alberello, Alessandro Toffoli, Gang Chen, Pablo Rodríguez-Ros, Marina Zamanillo, Pau Cortés-Greus, Lei Xue, Conor G. Bolas, Katherine C. Leonard, Fernando Perez-Cruz, David Walton, and Julia Schmale
Earth Syst. Dynam., 12, 1295–1369, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-12-1295-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-12-1295-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The Antarctic Circumnavigation Expedition surveyed a large number of variables describing the dynamic state of ocean and atmosphere, freshwater cycle, atmospheric chemistry, ocean biogeochemistry, and microbiology in the Southern Ocean. To reduce the dimensionality of the dataset, we apply a sparse principal component analysis and identify temporal patterns from diurnal to seasonal cycles, as well as geographical gradients and
hotspotsof interaction. Code and data are open access.
Vaios Moschos, Martin Gysel-Beer, Robin L. Modini, Joel C. Corbin, Dario Massabò, Camilla Costa, Silvia G. Danelli, Athanasia Vlachou, Kaspar R. Daellenbach, Sönke Szidat, Paolo Prati, André S. H. Prévôt, Urs Baltensperger, and Imad El Haddad
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 12809–12833, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-12809-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-12809-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
This study provides a holistic approach to studying the spectrally resolved light absorption by atmospheric brown carbon (BrC) and black carbon using long time series of daily samples from filter-based measurements. The obtained results provide (1) a better understanding of the aerosol absorption profile and its dependence on BrC and on lensing from less absorbing coatings and (2) an estimation of the most important absorbers at typical European locations.
Stefanie Kremser, Mike Harvey, Peter Kuma, Sean Hartery, Alexia Saint-Macary, John McGregor, Alex Schuddeboom, Marc von Hobe, Sinikka T. Lennartz, Alex Geddes, Richard Querel, Adrian McDonald, Maija Peltola, Karine Sellegri, Israel Silber, Cliff S. Law, Connor J. Flynn, Andrew Marriner, Thomas C. J. Hill, Paul J. DeMott, Carson C. Hume, Graeme Plank, Geoffrey Graham, and Simon Parsons
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 13, 3115–3153, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-3115-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-3115-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Aerosol–cloud interactions over the Southern Ocean are poorly understood and remain a major source of uncertainty in climate models. This study presents ship-borne measurements, collected during a 6-week voyage into the Southern Ocean in 2018, that are an important supplement to satellite-based measurements. For example, these measurements include data on low-level clouds and aerosol composition in the marine boundary layer, which can be used in climate model evaluation efforts.
Kevin J. Sanchez, Gregory C. Roberts, Georges Saliba, Lynn M. Russell, Cynthia Twohy, J. Michael Reeves, Ruhi S. Humphries, Melita D. Keywood, Jason P. Ward, and Ian M. McRobert
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 3427–3446, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-3427-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-3427-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Measurements of particles and their properties were made from aircraft over the Southern Ocean. Aerosol transported from the Antarctic coast is shown to greatly enhance particle concentrations over the Southern Ocean. The occurrence of precipitation was shown to be associated with the lowest particle concentrations over the Southern Ocean. These particles are important due to their ability to enhance cloud droplet concentrations, resulting in more sunlight being reflected by the clouds.
Rosaria E. Pileci, Robin L. Modini, Michele Bertò, Jinfeng Yuan, Joel C. Corbin, Angela Marinoni, Bas Henzing, Marcel M. Moerman, Jean P. Putaud, Gerald Spindler, Birgit Wehner, Thomas Müller, Thomas Tuch, Arianna Trentini, Marco Zanatta, Urs Baltensperger, and Martin Gysel-Beer
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 14, 1379–1403, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-1379-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-1379-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Black carbon (BC), which is an important constituent of atmospheric aerosols, remains difficult to quantify due to various limitations of available methods. This study provides an extensive comparison of co-located field measurements, applying two methods based on different principles. It was shown that both methods indeed quantify the same aerosol property – BC mass concentration. The level of agreement that can be expected was quantified, and some reasons for discrepancy were identified.
Betty Croft, Randall V. Martin, Richard H. Moore, Luke D. Ziemba, Ewan C. Crosbie, Hongyu Liu, Lynn M. Russell, Georges Saliba, Armin Wisthaler, Markus Müller, Arne Schiller, Martí Galí, Rachel Y.-W. Chang, Erin E. McDuffie, Kelsey R. Bilsback, and Jeffrey R. Pierce
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 1889–1916, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-1889-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-1889-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
North Atlantic Aerosols and Marine Ecosystems Study measurements combined with GEOS-Chem-TOMAS modeling suggest that several not-well-understood key factors control northwest Atlantic aerosol number and size. These synergetic and climate-relevant factors include particle formation near and above the marine boundary layer top, particle growth by marine secondary organic aerosol on descent, particle formation/growth related to dimethyl sulfide, sea spray aerosol, and ship emissions.
Rob L. Modini, Joel C. Corbin, Benjamin T. Brem, Martin Irwin, Michele Bertò, Rosaria E. Pileci, Prodromos Fetfatzis, Kostas Eleftheriadis, Bas Henzing, Marcel M. Moerman, Fengshan Liu, Thomas Müller, and Martin Gysel-Beer
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 14, 819–851, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-819-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-819-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Extinction-minus-scattering is an important method for measuring aerosol light absorption, but its application in the field presents a number of challenges. A recently developed instrument based on this method – the CAPS PMssa – has the potential to overcome some of these challenges. We present a compilation of theory, lab measurements, and field examples to characterize this instrument and show the conditions under which it can deliver reliable absorption measurements for atmospheric aerosols.
Kevin J. Sanchez, Bo Zhang, Hongyu Liu, Georges Saliba, Chia-Li Chen, Savannah L. Lewis, Lynn M. Russell, Michael A. Shook, Ewan C. Crosbie, Luke D. Ziemba, Matthew D. Brown, Taylor J. Shingler, Claire E. Robinson, Elizabeth B. Wiggins, Kenneth L. Thornhill, Edward L. Winstead, Carolyn Jordan, Patricia K. Quinn, Timothy S. Bates, Jack Porter, Thomas G. Bell, Eric S. Saltzman, Michael J. Behrenfeld, and Richard H. Moore
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 831–851, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-831-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-831-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Models describing atmospheric airflow were combined with satellite measurements representative of marine phytoplankton and other meteorological variables. These combined variables were compared to measured aerosol to identify upwind influences on aerosol concentrations. Results indicate that phytoplankton production rates upwind impact the aerosol mass. Also, results suggest that the condensation of mass onto short-lived large sea spray particles may be a significant sink of aerosol mass.
Jinfeng Yuan, Robin Lewis Modini, Marco Zanatta, Andreas B. Herber, Thomas Müller, Birgit Wehner, Laurent Poulain, Thomas Tuch, Urs Baltensperger, and Martin Gysel-Beer
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 635–655, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-635-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-635-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Black carbon (BC) aerosols contribute substantially to climate warming due to their unique light absorption capabilities. We performed field measurements at a central European background site in winter and found that variability in the absorption efficiency of BC particles is driven mainly by their internal mixing state. Our results suggest that, at this site, knowing the BC mixing state is sufficient to describe BC light absorption enhancements due to the lensing effect in good approximation.
Michael J. Lawler, Savannah L. Lewis, Lynn M. Russell, Patricia K. Quinn, Timothy S. Bates, Derek J. Coffman, Lucia M. Upchurch, and Eric S. Saltzman
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 16007–16022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-16007-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-16007-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
This work describes new measurements of aerosol (particles) composition over the North Atlantic Ocean. It provides concentrations of polysaccharide material likely made from organisms in the surface ocean and improves our understanding of the relative importance of such fresh biogenic material compared to more recalcitrant organic carbon in forming marine organic aerosol. We aim ultimately to understand the role that ocean biology plays in cloud formation in marine regions.
André Welti, E. Keith Bigg, Paul J. DeMott, Xianda Gong, Markus Hartmann, Mike Harvey, Silvia Henning, Paul Herenz, Thomas C. J. Hill, Blake Hornblow, Caroline Leck, Mareike Löffler, Christina S. McCluskey, Anne Marie Rauker, Julia Schmale, Christian Tatzelt, Manuela van Pinxteren, and Frank Stratmann
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 15191–15206, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-15191-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-15191-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Ship-based measurements of maritime ice nuclei concentrations encompassing all oceans are compiled. From this overview it is found that maritime ice nuclei concentrations are typically 10–100 times lower than over continents, while concentrations are surprisingly similar in different oceanic regions. The analysis of the influence of ship emissions shows no effect on the data, making ship-based measurements an efficient strategy for the large-scale exploration of ice nuclei concentrations.
Dimitri Osmont, Sandra Brugger, Anina Gilgen, Helga Weber, Michael Sigl, Robin L. Modini, Christoph Schwörer, Willy Tinner, Stefan Wunderle, and Margit Schwikowski
The Cryosphere, 14, 3731–3745, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-3731-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-3731-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
In this interdisciplinary case study, we were able to link biomass burning emissions from the June 2017 wildfires in Portugal to their deposition in the snowpack at Jungfraujoch, Swiss Alps. We analysed black carbon and charcoal in the snowpack, calculated backward trajectories, and monitored the fire evolution by remote sensing. Such case studies help to understand the representativity of biomass burning records in ice cores and how biomass burning tracers are archived in the snowpack.
Jill S. Johnson, Leighton A. Regayre, Masaru Yoshioka, Kirsty J. Pringle, Steven T. Turnock, Jo Browse, David M. H. Sexton, John W. Rostron, Nick A. J. Schutgens, Daniel G. Partridge, Dantong Liu, James D. Allan, Hugh Coe, Aijun Ding, David D. Cohen, Armand Atanacio, Ville Vakkari, Eija Asmi, and Ken S. Carslaw
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 9491–9524, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-9491-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-9491-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
We use over 9000 monthly aggregated grid-box measurements of aerosol to constrain the uncertainty in the HadGEM3-UKCA climate model. Measurements of AOD, PM2.5, particle number concentrations, sulfate and organic mass concentrations are compared to 1 million
variantsof the model using an implausibility metric. Despite many compensating effects in the model, the procedure constrains the probability distributions of many parameters, and direct radiative forcing uncertainty is reduced by 34 %.
Joel Alroe, Luke T. Cravigan, Branka Miljevic, Graham R. Johnson, Paul Selleck, Ruhi S. Humphries, Melita D. Keywood, Scott D. Chambers, Alastair G. Williams, and Zoran D. Ristovski
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 8047–8062, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-8047-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-8047-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
We present findings from an austral summer voyage across the full latitudinal width of the Southern Ocean, south of Australia. Aerosol properties were strongly influenced by marine biological activity, synoptic-scale weather systems, and long-range transport of continental-influenced air masses. The meteorological history of the sampled air masses is shown to have a vital limiting influence on cloud condensation nuclei and the accuracy of modelled sea spray aerosol concentrations.
Peter Kuma, Adrian J. McDonald, Olaf Morgenstern, Simon P. Alexander, John J. Cassano, Sally Garrett, Jamie Halla, Sean Hartery, Mike J. Harvey, Simon Parsons, Graeme Plank, Vidya Varma, and Jonny Williams
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 6607–6630, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-6607-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-6607-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
We evaluate clouds over the Southern Ocean in the climate model HadGEM3 and reanalysis MERRA-2 using ship-based ceilometer and radiosonde observations. We find the models underestimate cloud cover by 18–25 %, with clouds below 2 km dominant in reality but lacking in the models. We find a strong link between clouds, atmospheric stability and sea surface temperature in observations but not in the models, implying that sub-grid processes do not generate enough cloud in response to these conditions.
Sinikka T. Lennartz, Christa A. Marandino, Marc von Hobe, Meinrat O. Andreae, Kazushi Aranami, Elliot Atlas, Max Berkelhammer, Heinz Bingemer, Dennis Booge, Gregory Cutter, Pau Cortes, Stefanie Kremser, Cliff S. Law, Andrew Marriner, Rafel Simó, Birgit Quack, Günther Uher, Huixiang Xie, and Xiaobin Xu
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 12, 591–609, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-591-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-591-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Sulfur-containing trace gases in the atmosphere influence atmospheric chemistry and the energy budget of the Earth by forming aerosols. The ocean is an important source of the most abundant sulfur gas in the atmosphere, carbonyl sulfide (OCS) and its most important precursor carbon disulfide (CS2). In order to assess global variability of the sea surface concentrations of both gases to calculate their oceanic emissions, we have compiled a database of existing shipborne measurements.
Sarah J. Lawson, Cliff S. Law, Mike J. Harvey, Thomas G. Bell, Carolyn F. Walker, Warren J. de Bruyn, and Eric S. Saltzman
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 3061–3078, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-3061-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-3061-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Methanethiol (MeSH) is a reduced sulfur gas originating from phytoplankton, with a global ocean source of ~ 17 % of dimethyl sulfide (DMS). It has been little studied and is rarely observed over the ocean. In this work, MeSH was measured at much higher levels than previously observed (3–36 % of parallel DMS mixing ratios). MeSH could be a significant source of atmospheric sulfur over productive regions of the ocean, but its distribution, and its atmospheric impact, requires more investigation.
Laura E. Revell, Stefanie Kremser, Sean Hartery, Mike Harvey, Jane P. Mulcahy, Jonny Williams, Olaf Morgenstern, Adrian J. McDonald, Vidya Varma, Leroy Bird, and Alex Schuddeboom
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 15447–15466, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-15447-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-15447-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Aerosols over the Southern Ocean consist primarily of sea salt and sulfate, yet are seasonally biased in our model. We test three sulfate chemistry schemes to investigate DMS oxidation, which forms sulfate aerosol. Simulated cloud droplet number concentrations improve using more complex sulfate chemistry. We also show that a new sea spray aerosol source function, developed from measurements made on a recent Southern Ocean research voyage, improves the model's simulation of aerosol optical depth.
Melita Keywood, Paul Selleck, Fabienne Reisen, David Cohen, Scott Chambers, Min Cheng, Martin Cope, Suzanne Crumeyrolle, Erin Dunne, Kathryn Emmerson, Rosemary Fedele, Ian Galbally, Rob Gillett, Alan Griffiths, Elise-Andree Guerette, James Harnwell, Ruhi Humphries, Sarah Lawson, Branka Miljevic, Suzie Molloy, Jennifer Powell, Jack Simmons, Zoran Ristovski, and Jason Ward
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 11, 1883–1903, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-11-1883-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-11-1883-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
The Sydney Particle Study increased scientific knowledge of the processes leading to particle formation and transformations in Sydney through two comprehensive observation programs which are described in detail here. The data set and its analysis underpin comprehensive chemical transport modelling tools that can be used to assist in the development of a long-term control strategy for particles in Sydney and thus reduce the impact of particles on human health.
Marc D. Mallet, Barbara D'Anna, Aurélie Même, Maria Chiara Bove, Federico Cassola, Giandomenico Pace, Karine Desboeufs, Claudia Di Biagio, Jean-Francois Doussin, Michel Maille, Dario Massabò, Jean Sciare, Pascal Zapf, Alcide Giorgio di Sarra, and Paola Formenti
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 11123–11142, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-11123-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-11123-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
We present findings from a summertime field campaign at the remote island of Lampedusa in the central Mediterranean Sea. We show that the aerosol loading is similar to coastal sites around the Mediterranean. We observe higher loadings of sulfate and aged organic aerosol from air masses transported over the central and eastern Mediterranean in comparison to those from the western Mediterranean. These results highlight the rarity of pristine air masses, even in remote marine environments.
Reece A. Brown, Svetlana Stevanovic, Steven Bottle, and Zoran D. Ristovski
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 12, 2387–2401, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-12-2387-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-12-2387-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
The paper details the design and characterization of a novel instrument for the measurement of particle reactivity and potential bioactivity, the PINQ. It continuously collects particles, regardless of size or composition, directly into a very small amount of liquid with a collection efficiency of > 0.97 and a cut-off size of 20 nm. PINQ has the highest time resolution, of only 1 min, and is very sensitive to various reactive species from the air.
Ghislain Motos, Julia Schmale, Joel C. Corbin, Rob. L. Modini, Nadine Karlen, Michele Bertò, Urs Baltensperger, and Martin Gysel-Beer
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 3833–3855, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-3833-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-3833-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Atmospheric black carbon (BC) particles are strong light absorbers that contribute to global warming. In situ cloud measurements performed at a high-altitude site showed that cloud supersaturation mainly drives the activation of BC to cloud droplets. It was further shown how BC particle size and mixing state modulate this nucleation scavenging in agreement with simplified theoretical predictions. These findings can inform model simulations towards a better representation of the BC life cycle.
Jonathan P. D. Abbatt, W. Richard Leaitch, Amir A. Aliabadi, Allan K. Bertram, Jean-Pierre Blanchet, Aude Boivin-Rioux, Heiko Bozem, Julia Burkart, Rachel Y. W. Chang, Joannie Charette, Jai P. Chaubey, Robert J. Christensen, Ana Cirisan, Douglas B. Collins, Betty Croft, Joelle Dionne, Greg J. Evans, Christopher G. Fletcher, Martí Galí, Roya Ghahreman, Eric Girard, Wanmin Gong, Michel Gosselin, Margaux Gourdal, Sarah J. Hanna, Hakase Hayashida, Andreas B. Herber, Sareh Hesaraki, Peter Hoor, Lin Huang, Rachel Hussherr, Victoria E. Irish, Setigui A. Keita, John K. Kodros, Franziska Köllner, Felicia Kolonjari, Daniel Kunkel, Luis A. Ladino, Kathy Law, Maurice Levasseur, Quentin Libois, John Liggio, Martine Lizotte, Katrina M. Macdonald, Rashed Mahmood, Randall V. Martin, Ryan H. Mason, Lisa A. Miller, Alexander Moravek, Eric Mortenson, Emma L. Mungall, Jennifer G. Murphy, Maryam Namazi, Ann-Lise Norman, Norman T. O'Neill, Jeffrey R. Pierce, Lynn M. Russell, Johannes Schneider, Hannes Schulz, Sangeeta Sharma, Meng Si, Ralf M. Staebler, Nadja S. Steiner, Jennie L. Thomas, Knut von Salzen, Jeremy J. B. Wentzell, Megan D. Willis, Gregory R. Wentworth, Jun-Wei Xu, and Jacqueline D. Yakobi-Hancock
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 2527–2560, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-2527-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-2527-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
The Arctic is experiencing considerable environmental change with climate warming, illustrated by the dramatic decrease in sea-ice extent. It is important to understand both the natural and perturbed Arctic systems to gain a better understanding of how they will change in the future. This paper summarizes new insights into the relationships between Arctic aerosol particles and climate, as learned over the past five or so years by a large Canadian research consortium, NETCARE.
Tommaso F. Villa, Reece A. Brown, E. Rohan Jayaratne, L. Felipe Gonzalez, Lidia Morawska, and Zoran D. Ristovski
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 12, 691–702, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-12-691-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-12-691-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
This research demonstrates the use of an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) to characterize the gaseous and diesel particle emissions of a ship at sea. The field study was part of the research voyage “The Great Barrier Reef as a significant source of climatically relevant aerosol particles” on board the RV Investigator around the Australian Great Barrier Reef. Measurements of the RV Investigator exhaust plume were carried out while the ship was operating at sea, at a steady engine load.
Johannes Mülmenstädt, Odran Sourdeval, David S. Henderson, Tristan S. L'Ecuyer, Claudia Unglaub, Leonore Jungandreas, Christoph Böhm, Lynn M. Russell, and Johannes Quaas
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 10, 2279–2293, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-10-2279-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-10-2279-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
One of the key pieces of information about a cloud is how high its base is. Unlike cloud top, cloud base is hard to observe from a satellite perspective – the cloud blocks the view. But without using satellites, it is difficult to compile global datasets. Here we describe how we worked around the limitations of a cloud-detecting laser satellite to observe global cloud base heights. This dataset will expand our knowledge of the cloudy atmosphere and its interaction with the planetary surface.
Samuel T. Wilson, Hermann W. Bange, Damian L. Arévalo-Martínez, Jonathan Barnes, Alberto V. Borges, Ian Brown, John L. Bullister, Macarena Burgos, David W. Capelle, Michael Casso, Mercedes de la Paz, Laura Farías, Lindsay Fenwick, Sara Ferrón, Gerardo Garcia, Michael Glockzin, David M. Karl, Annette Kock, Sarah Laperriere, Cliff S. Law, Cara C. Manning, Andrew Marriner, Jukka-Pekka Myllykangas, John W. Pohlman, Andrew P. Rees, Alyson E. Santoro, Philippe D. Tortell, Robert C. Upstill-Goddard, David P. Wisegarver, Gui-Ling Zhang, and Gregor Rehder
Biogeosciences, 15, 5891–5907, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-5891-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-5891-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
To determine the variability between independent measurements of dissolved methane and nitrous oxide, seawater samples were analyzed by multiple laboratories. The results revealed the influences of the different parts of the analytical process, from the initial sample collection to the calculation of the final concentrations. Recommendations are made to improve dissolved methane and nitrous oxide measurements to help preclude future analytical discrepancies between laboratories.
Joel Alroe, Luke T. Cravigan, Marc D. Mallet, Zoran D. Ristovski, Branka Miljevic, Chiemeriwo G. Osuagwu, and Graham R. Johnson
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 11, 4361–4372, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-11-4361-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-11-4361-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
This study describes a new volatility-based method to directly examine the composition and corresponding hygroscopic contribution of mixed aerosol components. Measurements of chamber-generated secondary organic aerosol and coastal marine aerosol demonstrated effective separation of both internal and external mixtures. In each case, the findings enabled composition-based models to reliably reproduce observed particle hygroscopicities.
Jun Liu, Jeramy Dedrick, Lynn M. Russell, Gunnar I. Senum, Janek Uin, Chongai Kuang, Stephen R. Springston, W. Richard Leaitch, Allison C. Aiken, and Dan Lubin
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 8571–8587, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-8571-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-8571-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Observations of the organic components of the natural aerosol are scarce in Antarctica, which limits our understanding of natural aerosols and their connection to cloud albedo. We took yearlong measurements of organic aerosols at McMurdo Station. The natural organic aerosol was 150 times higher in summer than in winter. We showed the natural sources of OM were characterized by amide, which may be from seabird populations. Acid was high in summer and likely formed by secondary reactions.
Murray J. Smith, Carolyn F. Walker, Thomas G. Bell, Mike J. Harvey, Eric S. Saltzman, and Cliff S. Law
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 5861–5877, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-5861-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-5861-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
The transfer of gases across the air–sea interface has a significant influence on climate. During a research voyage in the South Pacific we measured the transfer rate of the biogenic gas dimethyl sulfide (DMS) from the ocean using two independent methods. The agreement between the techniques provides confidence in their use in compilations of global gas transfer. We also identified physical conditions under which the observations are not well predicted by a standard gas transfer model.
W. Richard Leaitch, Lynn M. Russell, Jun Liu, Felicia Kolonjari, Desiree Toom, Lin Huang, Sangeeta Sharma, Alina Chivulescu, Dan Veber, and Wendy Zhang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 3269–3287, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-3269-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-3269-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Over 2 years of atmospheric aerosol organic functional group and microphysics measurements at the world's northernmost land observatory offer a unique high-latitude dataset. Lower organic mass (OM) concentrations and higher OM fractions accompany smaller particles during summer, with opposite results during winter to spring. Seasonally, the OM oxidation level is highest in winter, associated with primary marine alcohol groups. In summer, secondary processes dominate the marine influence on OM.
Yuanyuan Feng, Michael Y. Roleda, Evelyn Armstrong, Cliff S. Law, Philip W. Boyd, and Catriona L. Hurd
Biogeosciences, 15, 581–595, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-581-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-581-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
We conducted a series of incubation experiments to understand how the changes in five environmental drivers will affect the elemental composition of the calcifying phytoplankton species Emiliania huxleyi. These findings provide new diagnostic information to aid our understanding of how the physiology and the related marine biogeochemistry of the ecologically important species Emiliania huxleyi will respond to changes in different environmental drivers in the global climate change scenario.
Alex K. Y. Lee, Chia-Li Chen, Jun Liu, Derek J. Price, Raghu Betha, Lynn M. Russell, Xiaolu Zhang, and Christopher D. Cappa
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 15055–15067, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-15055-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-15055-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
Understanding the mixing state of ambient black carbon (BC) and the chemical characteristics of its associated coatings is important to evaluate BC fate and environmental impacts. This study reports fresh secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation near traffic emissions during daytime. Our observations suggest that BC was unlikely the major condensation sink of SOA, and a portion of SOA condensed on BC surface was chemically different from other SOA particles that were externally mixed with BC.
Martine Lizotte, Maurice Levasseur, Cliff S. Law, Carolyn F. Walker, Karl A. Safi, Andrew Marriner, and Ronald P. Kiene
Ocean Sci., 13, 961–982, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-13-961-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-13-961-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
During a 4-week oceanographic cruise in 2012, we investigated the water masses bordering the subtropical front near New Zealand as sources of the biogenic gas dimethyl sulfide (DMS). DMS oxidation products may influence the atmospheric radiative budget of the Earth. Concentrations of DMS were high in the study region and DMS's precursor, dimethylsulfoniopropionate, showed a strong association with phytoplankton biomass in relation to the persistent dominance of dinoflagellates/coccolithophores.
Marc D. Mallet, Maximilien J. Desservettaz, Branka Miljevic, Andelija Milic, Zoran D. Ristovski, Joel Alroe, Luke T. Cravigan, E. Rohan Jayaratne, Clare Paton-Walsh, David W. T. Griffith, Stephen R. Wilson, Graham Kettlewell, Marcel V. van der Schoot, Paul Selleck, Fabienne Reisen, Sarah J. Lawson, Jason Ward, James Harnwell, Min Cheng, Rob W. Gillett, Suzie B. Molloy, Dean Howard, Peter F. Nelson, Anthony L. Morrison, Grant C. Edwards, Alastair G. Williams, Scott D. Chambers, Sylvester Werczynski, Leah R. Williams, V. Holly L. Winton, Brad Atkinson, Xianyu Wang, and Melita D. Keywood
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 13681–13697, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-13681-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-13681-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
Fires play an important role within atmosphere. Gaseous and aerosol emissions influence Earth's temperature but these emissions can vary drastically across region and season. The SAFIRED (Savannah Fires in the Early Dry Season) campaign was undertaken at the Australian Tropical Research Station in north Australia during the 2014 early dry season. This paper presents an overview of the fires in this region, the measurements of their emissions and the implications of these fires on the atmosphere.
Cliff S. Law, Murray J. Smith, Mike J. Harvey, Thomas G. Bell, Luke T. Cravigan, Fiona C. Elliott, Sarah J. Lawson, Martine Lizotte, Andrew Marriner, John McGregor, Zoran Ristovski, Karl A. Safi, Eric S. Saltzman, Petri Vaattovaara, and Carolyn F. Walker
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 13645–13667, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-13645-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-13645-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
We carried out a multidisciplinary study to examine how aerosol production is influenced by the production and emission of trace gases and particles in the surface ocean. Phytoplankton blooms of different species composition in frontal waters southeast of New Zealand were a significant source of dimethylsulfide and other aerosol precursors. The relationships between surface ocean biogeochemistry and aerosol composition will inform the understanding of aerosol production over the remote ocean.
Sarah J. Lawson, Martin Cope, Sunhee Lee, Ian E. Galbally, Zoran Ristovski, and Melita D. Keywood
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 11707–11726, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-11707-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-11707-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
A high-resolution chemical transport model was used to reproduce observed smoke plumes. The model output was highly sensitive to fire emission factors and meteorology, particularly for secondary pollutant ozone. Aged urban air (age = 2 days) was the major source of ozone observed, with minor contributions from the fire. This work highlights the importance of assessing model sensitivity and the use of modelling to determine the contribution from different sources to atmospheric composition.
Benjamin N. Murphy, Matthew C. Woody, Jose L. Jimenez, Ann Marie G. Carlton, Patrick L. Hayes, Shang Liu, Nga L. Ng, Lynn M. Russell, Ari Setyan, Lu Xu, Jeff Young, Rahul A. Zaveri, Qi Zhang, and Havala O. T. Pye
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 11107–11133, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-11107-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-11107-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
We incorporate recent findings about the behavior of organic pollutants in urban airsheds into the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model to refine predictions of organic particulate pollution in the United States. The new techniques, which account for the volatility and ongoing chemistry of airborne organic compounds, substantially reduce biases, particularly in the winter time and near emission sources.
Kevin J. Sanchez, Gregory C. Roberts, Radiance Calmer, Keri Nicoll, Eyal Hashimshoni, Daniel Rosenfeld, Jurgita Ovadnevaite, Jana Preissler, Darius Ceburnis, Colin O'Dowd, and Lynn M. Russell
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 9797–9814, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-9797-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-9797-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
Unmanned aerial vehicles are equipped with meteorological sensors to measure cloud properties. The measurements are used to calculate the amount of solar radiation reflected by the clouds and compared to simulation results. The uncertainties related to radiative forcing in the simulations are from the lack of mixing in the boundary layer and mixing of dry air into the cloud top. Conservative variables are used to calculate the amount of air mixed into cloud top to minimize these uncertainties.
Andelija Milic, Marc D. Mallet, Luke T. Cravigan, Joel Alroe, Zoran D. Ristovski, Paul Selleck, Sarah J. Lawson, Jason Ward, Maximilien J. Desservettaz, Clare Paton-Walsh, Leah R. Williams, Melita D. Keywood, and Branka Miljevic
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 3945–3961, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-3945-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-3945-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
This study reports chemical characterization of fresh and processed aerosols sampled over a month-long field campaign, during the intense fire period in Australian tropical savannah region. The study illustrates diversity in fire emissions and importance of processed fire emissions and formation of secondary species, including biogenic secondary species, in northern Australia.
Marc D. Mallet, Luke T. Cravigan, Andelija Milic, Joel Alroe, Zoran D. Ristovski, Jason Ward, Melita Keywood, Leah R. Williams, Paul Selleck, and Branka Miljevic
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 3605–3617, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-3605-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-3605-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
This paper presents data on the size, composition and concentration of aerosol particles emitted from north Australian savannah fires and how these properties influence cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) concentrations. Both the size and composition of aerosol were found to be important in determining CCN. Despite large CCNc enhancements during periods of close biomass burning, the aerosol was very weakly hygroscopic which should be accounted for in climate models to avoid large CCNc overestimates.
Farhad Salimi, Md. Mahmudur Rahman, Sam Clifford, Zoran Ristovski, and Lidia Morawska
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 521–530, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-521-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-521-2017, 2017
Carolyn F. Walker, Mike J. Harvey, Murray J. Smith, Thomas G. Bell, Eric S. Saltzman, Andrew S. Marriner, John A. McGregor, and Cliff S. Law
Ocean Sci., 12, 1033–1048, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-12-1033-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-12-1033-2016, 2016
Timothy J. Burrell, Elizabeth W. Maas, Paul Teesdale-Spittle, and Cliff S. Law
Biogeosciences, 13, 4379–4388, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-4379-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-4379-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Bacterial extracellular enzymes play a significant role in the degradation of organic matter in the open ocean. Using artificial fluorogenic substrates, this research highlights potential artefacts in the response of bacterial glucosidase and aminopeptidase to ocean acidification, and the effects of three different acidification techniques. We conclude that fluorogenic substrate degradation is affected by, or alters pH, and bubbling CO2 may lead to the overestimation of carbohydrate degradation.
Rob L. Modini and Satoshi Takahama
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 9, 3337–3354, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-9-3337-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-9-3337-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Aerosol measurement techniques with high detection limits often result in poorly time-resolved measurements. We investigated sampling strategies and post-processing methods for constructing hourly resolved aerosol concentration time series from samples collected for 4 to 8 h. We show that this is an effective way to increase measurement time resolution, and that under realistic experimental conditions, simple methods can perform as well as more sophisticated methods.
F. Salimi, L. R. Crilley, S. Stevanovic, Z. Ristovski, M. Mazaheri, C. He, G. Johnson, G. Ayoko, and L. Morawska
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 13475–13485, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-13475-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-13475-2015, 2015
S. J. Lawson, M. D. Keywood, I. E. Galbally, J. L. Gras, J. M. Cainey, M. E. Cope, P. B. Krummel, P. J. Fraser, L. P. Steele, S. T. Bentley, C. P. Meyer, Z. Ristovski, and A. H. Goldstein
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 13393–13411, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-13393-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-13393-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
Biomass burning (BB) plumes were opportunistically measured at the Cape Grim Baseline Station in Tasmania, Australia. We provide a unique set of trace gas and particle emission factors for temperate Australian coastal heathland fires, and attribute a major short-lived enhancement in emission ratios to a minor rainfall event. The ability of BB particles to act as cloud condensation nuclei, and the contribution of BB emissions to observed particle growth and ozone enhancements are discussed.
H. M. Allen, D. C. Draper, B. R. Ayres, A. Ault, A. Bondy, S. Takahama, R. L. Modini, K. Baumann, E. Edgerton, C. Knote, A. Laskin, B. Wang, and J. L. Fry
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 10669–10685, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-10669-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-10669-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
We report ion chromatographic measurements of gas- and aerosol-phase inorganic species at the SOAS 2013 field study. Our particular focus is on inorganic nitrate aerosol formation via HNO3 uptake onto coarse-mode dust and sea salt particles, which we find to be the dominant source of episodic inorganic nitrate at this site, due to the high acidity of the particles preventing formation of NH4NO3. We calculate a production rate of inorganic nitrate aerosol.
A. M. Pourkhesalian, S. Stevanovic, M. M. Rahman, E. M. Faghihi, S. E. Bottle, A. R. Masri, R. J. Brown, and Z. D. Ristovski
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 9099–9108, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-9099-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-9099-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
This study investigates the effects of biodiesel's chemical composition on the volatility and reactive oxygenate species of fresh and aged diesel particulate matter.
Using a potential aerosol mass chamber, changes of volatility and reactive oxygenated species are studied. The study concludes that more saturated and more oxygenated diesel fuels can cause more volatile particles carrying more reactive oxygenated species whether before or after aging.
E. Jung, B. A. Albrecht, H. H. Jonsson, Y.-C. Chen, J. H. Seinfeld, A. Sorooshian, A. R. Metcalf, S. Song, M. Fang, and L. M. Russell
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 5645–5658, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-5645-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-5645-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
To study the effect of giant cloud condensation nuclei (GCCN) on precipitation processes in stratocumulus clouds, 1-10 µm diameter salt particles were released from an aircraft while flying near the cloud top off the central coast of California. The analyses suggest that GCCN result in a four-fold increase in the cloud base rainfall rate and depletion of the cloud water due to rainout.
T. J. Burrell, E. W. Maas, P. Teesdale-Spittle, and C. S. Law
Biogeosciences Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/bgd-12-5841-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/bgd-12-5841-2015, 2015
Manuscript not accepted for further review
Short summary
Short summary
pH has a significant effect on the artificial fluorophore for glucosidase and protease activity, while artificial aminopeptidase substrate alters the pH of seawater. Reduction of coastal seawater pH to 7.8 was shown to increase β-glucosidase activity rapidly (0.5h), while no significant response was detected for leucine aminopeptidase. Seawater acidified by bubbling CO2 gas resulted in elevated β-glucosidase activity and bacterial cell numbers, although seasonal effects were observed.
T. G. Bell, W. De Bruyn, C. A. Marandino, S. D. Miller, C. S. Law, M. J. Smith, and E. S. Saltzman
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 1783–1794, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-1783-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-1783-2015, 2015
J. C. Schroder, S. J. Hanna, R. L. Modini, A. L. Corrigan, S. M. Kreidenwies, A. M. Macdonald, K. J. Noone, L. M. Russell, W. R. Leaitch, and A. K. Bertram
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 1367–1383, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-1367-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-1367-2015, 2015
S. J. Lawson, P. W. Selleck, I. E. Galbally, M. D. Keywood, M. J. Harvey, C. Lerot, D. Helmig, and Z. Ristovski
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 223–240, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-223-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-223-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
Glyoxal and methylglyoxal are short-lived organic trace gases and important precursors of secondary organic aerosol. Measurements over oceans are sparse. We present the first in situ glyoxal and methylglyoxal observations over remote temperate oceans, alongside observations of precursor gases. Precursor gases cannot explain observed mixing ratios, highlighting an unknown source. We show a large discrepancy between calculated vertical column densities of glyoxal and those retrieved by satellite.
S. M. Burrows, O. Ogunro, A. A. Frossard, L. M. Russell, P. J. Rasch, and S. M. Elliott
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 13601–13629, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-13601-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-13601-2014, 2014
Short summary
Short summary
The air over the ocean is full of sea spray particles ejected by bubbles that burst in the wake of breaking waves. The smallest of such particles, less than a micrometer in diameter, include organic matter derived from ocean biota. This paper introduces a method to calculate the chemical composition of spray particles. Ocean organic matter is divided into several classes using a global model. Basic chemistry relationships predict the amount of organic material in emitted spray.
F. Salimi, Z. Ristovski, M. Mazaheri, R. Laiman, L. R. Crilley, C. He, S. Clifford, and L. Morawska
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 11883–11892, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-11883-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-11883-2014, 2014
D. B. Collins, D. F. Zhao, M. J. Ruppel, O. Laskina, J. R. Grandquist, R. L. Modini, M. D. Stokes, L. M. Russell, T. H. Bertram, V. H. Grassian, G. B. Deane, and K. A. Prather
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 7, 3667–3683, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-7-3667-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-7-3667-2014, 2014
Short summary
Short summary
Sea spray aerosol particles represent a system of relatively high chemical complexity. The chemical composition of sea spray aerosol particles was shown in this study to be directly determined by the method used to produce bubbles, which produce aerosol upon bursting at the sea surface. Using methods which deviate from natural breaking waves directly translated into differences in the measured particle sizes and the chemical mixing state of laboratory-generated sea spray aerosol particles.
K. Tsigaridis, N. Daskalakis, M. Kanakidou, P. J. Adams, P. Artaxo, R. Bahadur, Y. Balkanski, S. E. Bauer, N. Bellouin, A. Benedetti, T. Bergman, T. K. Berntsen, J. P. Beukes, H. Bian, K. S. Carslaw, M. Chin, G. Curci, T. Diehl, R. C. Easter, S. J. Ghan, S. L. Gong, A. Hodzic, C. R. Hoyle, T. Iversen, S. Jathar, J. L. Jimenez, J. W. Kaiser, A. Kirkevåg, D. Koch, H. Kokkola, Y. H Lee, G. Lin, X. Liu, G. Luo, X. Ma, G. W. Mann, N. Mihalopoulos, J.-J. Morcrette, J.-F. Müller, G. Myhre, S. Myriokefalitakis, N. L. Ng, D. O'Donnell, J. E. Penner, L. Pozzoli, K. J. Pringle, L. M. Russell, M. Schulz, J. Sciare, Ø. Seland, D. T. Shindell, S. Sillman, R. B. Skeie, D. Spracklen, T. Stavrakou, S. D. Steenrod, T. Takemura, P. Tiitta, S. Tilmes, H. Tost, T. van Noije, P. G. van Zyl, K. von Salzen, F. Yu, Z. Wang, Z. Wang, R. A. Zaveri, H. Zhang, K. Zhang, Q. Zhang, and X. Zhang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 10845–10895, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-10845-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-10845-2014, 2014
J. D. Fast, J. Allan, R. Bahreini, J. Craven, L. Emmons, R. Ferrare, P. L. Hayes, A. Hodzic, J. Holloway, C. Hostetler, J. L. Jimenez, H. Jonsson, S. Liu, Y. Liu, A. Metcalf, A. Middlebrook, J. Nowak, M. Pekour, A. Perring, L. Russell, A. Sedlacek, J. Seinfeld, A. Setyan, J. Shilling, M. Shrivastava, S. Springston, C. Song, R. Subramanian, J. W. Taylor, V. Vinoj, Q. Yang, R. A. Zaveri, and Q. Zhang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 10013–10060, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-10013-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-10013-2014, 2014
S. Gilardoni, P. Massoli, L. Giulianelli, M. Rinaldi, M. Paglione, F. Pollini, C. Lanconelli, V. Poluzzi, S. Carbone, R. Hillamo, L. M. Russell, M. C. Facchini, and S. Fuzzi
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 6967–6981, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-6967-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-6967-2014, 2014
A. M. S. McMillan, M. J. Harvey, R. J. Martin, A. M. Bromley, M. J. Evans, S. Mukherjee, and J. Laubach
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 7, 1169–1184, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-7-1169-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-7-1169-2014, 2014
M. Tjernström, C. Leck, C. E. Birch, J. W. Bottenheim, B. J. Brooks, I. M. Brooks, L. Bäcklin, R. Y.-W. Chang, G. de Leeuw, L. Di Liberto, S. de la Rosa, E. Granath, M. Graus, A. Hansel, J. Heintzenberg, A. Held, A. Hind, P. Johnston, J. Knulst, M. Martin, P. A. Matrai, T. Mauritsen, M. Müller, S. J. Norris, M. V. Orellana, D. A. Orsini, J. Paatero, P. O. G. Persson, Q. Gao, C. Rauschenberg, Z. Ristovski, J. Sedlar, M. D. Shupe, B. Sierau, A. Sirevaag, S. Sjogren, O. Stetzer, E. Swietlicki, M. Szczodrak, P. Vaattovaara, N. Wahlberg, M. Westberg, and C. R. Wheeler
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 2823–2869, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-2823-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-2823-2014, 2014
A. L. Corrigan, L. M. Russell, S. Takahama, M. Äijälä, M. Ehn, H. Junninen, J. Rinne, T. Petäjä, M. Kulmala, A. L. Vogel, T. Hoffmann, C. J. Ebben, F. M. Geiger, P. Chhabra, J. H. Seinfeld, D. R. Worsnop, W. Song, J. Auld, and J. Williams
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 12233–12256, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-12233-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-12233-2013, 2013
A. L. Vogel, M. Äijälä, A. L. Corrigan, H. Junninen, M. Ehn, T. Petäjä, D. R. Worsnop, M. Kulmala, L. M. Russell, J. Williams, and T. Hoffmann
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 10933–10950, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-10933-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-10933-2013, 2013
A. Wonaschütz, M. Coggon, A. Sorooshian, R. Modini, A. A. Frossard, L. Ahlm, J. Mülmenstädt, G. C. Roberts, L. M. Russell, S. Dey, F. J. Brechtel, and J. H. Seinfeld
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 9819–9835, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-9819-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-9819-2013, 2013
E. Kostenidou, C. Kaltsonoudis, M. Tsiflikiotou, E. Louvaris, L. M. Russell, and S. N. Pandis
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 8797–8811, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-8797-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-8797-2013, 2013
L. Ahlm, K. M. Shakya, L. M. Russell, J. C. Schroder, J. P. S. Wong, S. J. Sjostedt, K. L. Hayden, J. Liggio, J. J. B. Wentzell, H. A. Wiebe, C. Mihele, W. R. Leaitch, and A. M. Macdonald
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 3393–3407, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-3393-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-3393-2013, 2013
Related subject area
Subject: Aerosols | Research Activity: Field Measurements | Altitude Range: Troposphere | Science Focus: Chemistry (chemical composition and reactions)
Understanding the mechanism and importance of brown carbon bleaching across the visible spectrum in biomass burning plumes from the WE-CAN campaign
Influence of terrestrial and marine air mass on the constituents and intermixing of bioaerosols over a coastal atmosphere
A multi-site passive approach to studying the emissions and evolution of smoke from prescribed fires
The annual cycle and sources of relevant aerosol precursor vapors in the central Arctic during the MOSAiC expedition
Opinion: How will advances in aerosol science inform our understanding of the health impacts of outdoor particulate pollution?
Measurement report: Intra-annual variability of black carbon and brown carbon and their interrelation with meteorological conditions over Gangtok, Sikkim
Long-range transport of air pollutants increases the concentration of hazardous components of PM2.5 in northern South America
Dominant influence of biomass combustion and cross-border transport on nitrogen-containing organic compound levels in the southeastern Tibetan Plateau
Impacts of elevated anthropogenic emissions on physicochemical characteristics of black-carbon-containing particles over the Tibetan Plateau
Online characterization of primary and secondary emissions of particulate matter and acidic molecules from a modern fleet of city buses
Atmospheric evolution of environmentally persistent free radicals in the rural North China Plain: effects on water solubility and PM2.5 oxidative potential
Two distinct ship emission profiles for organic-sulfate source apportionment of PM in sulfur emission control areas
Automated compound speciation, cluster analysis, and quantification of organic vapors and aerosols using comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography and mass spectrometry
Measurement report: Occurrence of aminiums in PM2.5 during winter in China – aminium outbreak during polluted episodes and potential constraints
Bridging gas and aerosol properties between the northeastern US and Bermuda: analysis of eight transit flights
The behaviour of charged particles (ions) during new particle formation events in urban Leipzig, Germany
Exploring the sources of light-absorbing carbonaceous aerosols by integrating observational and modeling results: insights from Northeast China
Measurement report: Characteristics of airborne black-carbon-containing particles during the 2021 summer COVID-19 lockdown in a typical Yangtze River Delta city, China
Aerosol optical properties within the atmospheric boundary layer predicted from ground-based observations compared to Raman lidar retrievals during RITA-2021
Hygroscopic growth and activation changed submicron aerosol composition and properties in the North China Plain
Measurement report: Formation of tropospheric brown carbon in a lifting air mass
Vertical variability of aerosol properties and trace gases over a remote marine region: a case study over Bermuda
Differences in aerosol and cloud properties along the central California coast when winds change from northerly to southerly
International airport emissions and their impact on local air quality: chemical speciation of ambient aerosols at Madrid–Barajas Airport during the AVIATOR campaign
Significant role of biomass burning in heavy haze formation in a megacity: Molecular-level insights from intensive PM2.5 sampling on winter hazy days
The local ship speed reduction effect on black carbon emissions measured at a remote marine station
High-altitude aerosol chemical characterization and source identification: insights from the CALISHTO campaign
Measurement report: Impact of emission control measures on environmental persistent free radicals and reactive oxygen species – a short-term case study in Beijing
Characterizing water solubility of fresh and aged secondary organic aerosol in PM2.5 with the stable carbon isotope technique
Measurement report: Impact of cloud processes on secondary organic aerosols at a forested mountain site in southeastern China
Critical contribution of chemically diverse carbonyl molecules to the oxidative potential of atmospheric aerosols
Seasonal Investigation of Ultrafine Particle Composition in an Eastern Amazonian Rainforest
Measurement report: Vanadium-containing ship exhaust particles detected in and above the marine boundary layer in the remote atmosphere
Diverging trends in aerosol sulfate and nitrate measured in the remote North Atlantic in Barbados are attributed to clean air policies, African smoke, and anthropogenic emissions
Technical note: Quantified organic aerosol subsaturated hygroscopicity by a simple optical scatter monitor system through field measurements
Diverse sources and aging change the mixing state and ice nucleation properties of aerosol particles over the western Pacific and Southern Ocean
The water-insoluble organic carbon in PM2.5 of typical Chinese urban areas: light-absorbing properties, potential sources, radiative forcing effects, and a possible light-absorbing continuum
Measurement report: Size-resolved secondary organic aerosol formation modulated by aerosol water uptake in wintertime haze
In situ measurement of organic aerosol molecular markers in urban Hong Kong during a summer period: temporal variations and source apportionment
Technical note: Determining chemical composition of atmospheric single particles by a standard-free mass calibration algorithm
Different formation pathways of nitrogen-containing organic compounds in aerosols and fog water in northern China
Impact of weather patterns and meteorological factors on PM2.5 and O3 responses to the COVID-19 lockdown in China
Daytime and nighttime aerosol soluble iron formation in clean and slightly polluted moist air in a coastal city in eastern China
Non-negligible secondary contribution to brown carbon in autumn and winter: inspiration from particulate nitrated and oxygenated aromatic compounds in urban Beijing
Non-sea-salt aerosols that contain trace bromine and iodine are widespread in the remote troposphere
Simultaneous organic aerosol source apportionment at two Antarctic sites reveals large-scale and ecoregion-specific components
Measurement report: Optical characterization, seasonality, and sources of brown carbon in fine aerosols from Tianjin, North China: year-round observations
High-resolution analyses of concentrations and sizes of black carbon particles deposited on northwest Greenland over the past 350 years – Part 2: Seasonal and temporal trends in black carbon originated from fossil fuel combustion and biomass burning
Bayesian inference-based estimation of hourly primary and secondary organic carbon in suburban Hong Kong: multi-temporal-scale variations and evolution characteristics during PM2.5 episodes
Formation and chemical evolution of SOA in two different environments: A dual chamber study
Yingjie Shen, Rudra P. Pokhrel, Amy P. Sullivan, Ezra J. T. Levin, Lauren A. Garofalo, Delphine K. Farmer, Wade Permar, Lu Hu, Darin W. Toohey, Teresa Campos, Emily V. Fischer, and Shane M. Murphy
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 12881–12901, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-12881-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-12881-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The magnitude and evolution of brown carbon (BrC) absorption remain unclear, with uncertainty in climate models. Data from the WE-CAN airborne experiment show that model parameterizations overestimate the mass absorption cross section (MAC) of BrC. Observed decreases in BrC absorption with chemical markers are due to decreasing organic aerosol (OA) mass rather than a decreasing BrC MAC, which is currently implemented in models. Water-soluble BrC contributes 23 % of total absorption at 660 nm.
Qun He, Zhaowen Wang, Houfeng Liu, Pengju Xu, Rongbao Duan, Caihong Xu, Jianmin Chen, and Min Wei
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 12775–12792, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-12775-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-12775-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Coastal environments provide an ideal setting for investigating the intermixing of terrestrial and marine aerosols. Terrestrial air mass constituted a larger number of microbes from anthropogenic and soil emissions, whereas saprophytic and gut microbes were predominant in marine samples. Mixed air masses indicated a fusion of marine and terrestrial aerosols, characterized by alterations in the ratio of pathogenic and saprophytic microbes when compared to either terrestrial or marine samples.
Rime El Asmar, Zongrun Li, David J. Tanner, Yongtao Hu, Susan O'Neill, L. Gregory Huey, M. Talat Odman, and Rodney J. Weber
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 12749–12773, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-12749-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-12749-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Prescribed burning is an important method for managing ecosystems and preventing wildfires. However, smoke from prescribed fires can have a significant impact on air quality. Here, using a network of fixed sites and sampling throughout an extended prescribed burning period in 2 different years, we characterize emissions and evolutions of up to 8 h of PM2.5 mass, black carbon (BC), and brown carbon (BrC) in smoke from burning of forested lands in the southeastern USA.
Matthew Boyer, Diego Aliaga, Lauriane L. J. Quéléver, Silvia Bucci, Hélène Angot, Lubna Dada, Benjamin Heutte, Lisa Beck, Marina Duetsch, Andreas Stohl, Ivo Beck, Tiia Laurila, Nina Sarnela, Roseline C. Thakur, Branka Miljevic, Markku Kulmala, Tuukka Petäjä, Mikko Sipilä, Julia Schmale, and Tuija Jokinen
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 12595–12621, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-12595-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-12595-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We analyze the seasonal cycle and sources of gases that are relevant for the formation of aerosol particles in the central Arctic. Since theses gases can form new particles, they can influence Arctic climate. We show that the sources of these gases are associated with changes in the Arctic environment during the year, especially with respect to sea ice. Therefore, the concentration of these gases will likely change in the future as the Arctic continues to warm.
Imad El Haddad, Danielle Vienneau, Kaspar R. Daellenbach, Robin Modini, Jay G. Slowik, Abhishek Upadhyay, Petros N. Vasilakos, David Bell, Kees de Hoogh, and Andre S. H. Prevot
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 11981–12011, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-11981-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-11981-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This opinion paper explores how advances in aerosol science inform our understanding of the health impacts of outdoor particulate pollution. We advocate for a shift in the way we target PM pollution, focusing on the most harmful anthropogenic emissions. We highlight key observations, modelling developments, and emission measurements needed to achieve this shift.
Pramod Kumar, Khushboo Sharma, Ankita Malu, Rajeev Rajak, Aparna Gupta, Bidyutjyoti Baruah, Shailesh Yadav, Thupstan Angchuk, Jayant Sharma, Rakesh Kumar Ranjan, Anil Kumar Misra, and Nishchal Wanjari
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 11585–11601, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-11585-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-11585-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This work monitors and assesses air pollution, especially black and brown carbon, its controlling factor, and its effect on the environment of Sikkim Himalayan region. The huge urban sprawl in recent decades has led to regional human-induced air pollution in the region. Black carbon was highest in April 2021 and March 2022, exceeding the WHO limit. The monsoon season causes huge rainfall over the region, which reduces the pollutants by scavenging (rainout and washout).
Maria P. Velásquez-García, K. Santiago Hernández, James A. Vergara-Correa, Richard J. Pope, Miriam Gómez-Marín, and Angela M. Rendón
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 11497–11520, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-11497-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-11497-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
In the Aburrá Valley, northern South America, local emissions determine air quality conditions. However, we found that external sources, such as regional fires, Saharan dust, and volcanic emissions, increase particulate concentrations and worsen chemical composition by introducing elements like heavy metals. Dry winds and source variability contribute to seasonal influences on these events. This study assesses the air quality risks posed by such events, which can affect broad regions worldwide.
Meng Wang, Qiyuan Wang, Steven Sai Hang Ho, Jie Tian, Yong Zhang, Shun-cheng Lee, and Junji Cao
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 11175–11189, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-11175-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-11175-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We studied nitrogen-containing organic compounds (NOCs) in particulate matter <2.5 µm particles on the southeastern Tibetan Plateau. We found that biomass burning and transboundary transport are the main sources of NOCs in the high-altitude area. Understanding these aerosol sources informs how they add to regional and potentially global climate changes. Our findings could help shape effective environmental policies to enhance air quality and address climate impacts in this sensitive region.
Jinbo Wang, Jiaping Wang, Yuxuan Zhang, Tengyu Liu, Xuguang Chi, Xin Huang, Dafeng Ge, Shiyi Lai, Caijun Zhu, Lei Wang, Qiaozhi Zha, Ximeng Qi, Wei Nie, Congbin Fu, and Aijun Ding
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 11063–11080, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-11063-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-11063-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
In this study, we found large spatial discrepancies in the physical and chemical properties of black carbon over the Tibetan Plateau (TP). Elevated anthropogenic emissions from low-altitude regions can significantly change the mass concentration, mixing state and chemical composition of black-carbon-containing aerosol in the TP region, further altering its light absorption ability. Our study emphasizes the vulnerability of remote plateau regions to intense anthropogenic influences.
Liyuan Zhou, Qianyun Liu, Christian M. Salvador, Michael Le Breton, Mattias Hallquist, Jian Zhen Yu, Chak K. Chan, and Åsa M. Hallquist
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 11045–11061, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-11045-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-11045-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Our research on city bus emissions reveals that alternative fuels (compressed natural gas and biofuels) reduce fresh particle emissions compared to diesel. However, all fuels lead to secondary air pollution. Aiming at guiding better environmental policies, we studied 76 buses using advanced emission measurement techniques. This work sheds light on the complex effects of bus fuels on urban air quality, emphasizing the need for comprehensive evaluations of future transportation technologies.
Xu Yang, Fobang Liu, Shuqi Yang, Yuling Yang, Yanan Wang, Jingjing Li, Mingyu Zhao, Zhao Wang, Kai Wang, Chi He, and Haijie Tong
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 11029–11043, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-11029-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-11029-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
A study in the rural North China Plain showed environmentally persistent free radicals (EPFRs) in atmospheric particulate matter (PM), with a notable water-soluble fraction likely from atmospheric oxidation during transport. Significant positive correlations between EPFRs and the water-soluble oxidative potential of PM2.5 were found, primarily attributable to the water-soluble fractions of EPFRs. These findings emphasize understanding EPFRs' atmospheric evolution for climate and health impacts.
Kirsten N. Fossum, Chunshui Lin, Niall O'Sullivan, Lu Lei, Stig Hellebust, Darius Ceburnis, Aqeel Afzal, Anja Tremper, David Green, Srishti Jain, Steigvilė Byčenkienė, Colin O'Dowd, John Wenger, and Jurgita Ovadnevaite
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 10815–10831, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-10815-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-10815-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The chemical composition and sources of submicron aerosol in the Dublin Port area were investigated over a month-long campaign. Two distinct types of ship emissions were identified and characterised: sulfate-rich plumes from the use of heavy fuel oil with scrubbers and organic-rich plumes from the use of low-sulfur fuels. The latter were more frequent, emitting double the particle number and having a typical V / Ni ratio for ship emission.
Xiao He, Xuan Zheng, Shuwen Guo, Lewei Zeng, Ting Chen, Bohan Yang, Shupei Xiao, Qiongqiong Wang, Zhiyuan Li, Yan You, Shaojun Zhang, and Ye Wu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 10655–10666, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-10655-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-10655-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study introduces an innovative method for identifying and quantifying complex organic vapors and aerosols. By combining advanced analytical techniques and new algorithms, we categorized thousands of compounds from heavy-duty diesel vehicles and ambient air and highlighted specific tracers for emission sources. The innovative approach enhances peak identification, reduces quantification uncertainties, and offers new insights for air quality management and atmospheric chemistry.
Yu Xu, Tang Liu, Yi-Jia Ma, Qi-Bin Sun, Hong-Wei Xiao, Hao Xiao, Hua-Yun Xiao, and Cong-Qiang Liu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 10531–10542, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-10531-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-10531-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study investigates the characteristics of aminiums and ammonium in PM2.5 on clean and polluted winter days in 11 Chinese cities, highlighting the possibility of the competitive uptake of ammonia versus amines on acidic aerosols or the displacement of aminiums by ammonia under high-ammonia conditions. The overall results deepen the understanding of the spatiotemporal differences in aminium characteristics and formation in China.
Cassidy Soloff, Taiwo Ajayi, Yonghoon Choi, Ewan C. Crosbie, Joshua P. DiGangi, Glenn S. Diskin, Marta A. Fenn, Richard A. Ferrare, Francesca Gallo, Johnathan W. Hair, Miguel Ricardo A. Hilario, Simon Kirschler, Richard H. Moore, Taylor J. Shingler, Michael A. Shook, Kenneth L. Thornhill, Christiane Voigt, Edward L. Winstead, Luke D. Ziemba, and Armin Sorooshian
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 10385–10408, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-10385-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-10385-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Using aircraft measurements over the northwestern Atlantic between the US East Coast and Bermuda and trajectory modeling of continental outflow, we identify trace gas and particle properties that exhibit gradients with offshore distance and quantify these changes with high-resolution measurements of concentrations and particle chemistry, size, and scattering properties. This work furthers our understanding of the complex interactions between continental and marine environments.
Alex Rowell, James Brean, David C. S. Beddows, Zongbo Shi, Avinash Kumar, Matti Rissanen, Miikka Dal Maso, Peter Mettke, Kay Weinhold, Maik Merkel, and Roy M. Harrison
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 10349–10361, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-10349-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-10349-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Ions enhance the formation and growth rates of new particles, affecting the Earth's radiation budget. Despite these effects, there is little published data exploring the sources of ions in the urban environment and their role in new particle formation (NPF). Here we show that natural ion sources dominate in urban environments, while traffic is a secondary source. Ions contribute up to 12.7 % of the formation rate of particles, indicating that they are important for forming urban PM.
Yuan Cheng, Xu-bing Cao, Sheng-qiang Zhu, Zhi-qing Zhang, Jiu-meng Liu, Hong-liang Zhang, Qiang Zhang, and Ke-bin He
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 9869–9883, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-9869-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-9869-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The agreement between observational and modeling results is essential for the development of efficient air pollution control strategies. Here we constrained the modeling results of carbonaceous aerosols by field observation in Northeast China, a historically overlooked but recently targeted region of national clean-air actions. Our study suggested that the simulation of agricultural fire emissions and secondary organic aerosols remains challenging.
Yuan Dai, Junfeng Wang, Houjun Wang, Shijie Cui, Yunjiang Zhang, Haiwei Li, Yun Wu, Ming Wang, Eleonora Aruffo, and Xinlei Ge
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 9733–9748, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-9733-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-9733-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Short-term strict emission control can improve air quality, but its effectiveness needs assessment. During the 2021 summer COVID-19 lockdown in Yangzhou, we found that PM2.5 levels did not decrease despite reduced primary emissions. Aged black-carbon particles increased substantially due to higher O3 levels and transported pollutants. High humidity and low wind also played key roles. The results highlight the importance of a regionally balanced control strategy for future air quality management.
Xinya Liu, Diego Alves Gouveia, Bas Henzing, Arnoud Apituley, Arjan Hensen, Danielle van Dinther, Rujin Huang, and Ulrike Dusek
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 9597–9614, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-9597-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-9597-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The vertical distribution of aerosol optical properties is important for their effect on climate. This is usually measured by lidar, which has limitations, most notably the assumption of a lidar ratio. Our study shows that routine surface-level aerosol measurements are able to predict this lidar ratio reasonably well within the lower layers of the atmosphere and thus provide a relatively simple and cost-effective method to improve lidar measurements.
Weiqi Xu, Ye Kuang, Wanyun Xu, Zhiqiang Zhang, Biao Luo, Xiaoyi Zhang, Jiangchuang Tao, Hongqin Qiao, Li Liu, and Yele Sun
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 9387–9399, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-9387-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-9387-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We deployed an advanced aerosol–fog sampling system at a rural site in the North China Plain to investigate impacts of aerosol hygroscopic growth and activation on the physicochemical properties of submicron aerosols. Observed results highlighted remarkably different aqueous processing of primary and secondary submicron aerosol components under distinct ambient relative humidity (RH) conditions and that RH levels significantly impact aerosol sampling through the aerosol swelling effect.
Can Wu, Xiaodi Liu, Ke Zhang, Si Zhang, Cong Cao, Jianjun Li, Rui Li, Fan Zhang, and Gehui Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 9263–9275, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-9263-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-9263-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Brown carbon (BrC) is prevalent in the troposphere and can efficiently absorb solar and terrestrial radiation. Our observations show that the enhanced light absorption of BrC relative to black carbon at the tropopause can be attributed to the formation of nitrogen-containing organic compounds through the aqueous-phase reactions of carbonyls with ammonium.
Taiwo Ajayi, Yonghoon Choi, Ewan C. Crosbie, Joshua P. DiGangi, Glenn S. Diskin, Marta A. Fenn, Richard A. Ferrare, Johnathan W. Hair, Miguel Ricardo A. Hilario, Chris A. Hostetler, Simon Kirschler, Richard H. Moore, Taylor J. Shingler, Michael A. Shook, Cassidy Soloff, Kenneth L. Thornhill, Christiane Voigt, Edward L. Winstead, Luke D. Ziemba, and Armin Sorooshian
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 9197–9218, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-9197-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-9197-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study uses airborne data to examine vertical profiles of trace gases, aerosol particles, and meteorological variables over a remote marine area (Bermuda). Results show distinct differences based on both air mass source region (North America, Ocean, Caribbean/North Africa) and altitude for a given air mass type. This work highlights the sensitivity of remote marine areas to long-range transport and the importance of considering the vertical dependence of trace gas and aerosol properties.
Kira Zeider, Grace Betito, Anthony Bucholtz, Peng Xian, Annette Walker, and Armin Sorooshian
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 9059–9083, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-9059-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-9059-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The predominant wind direction along the California coast (northerly) reverses several times during the summer (to southerly). The effects of these wind reversals on aerosol and cloud characteristics are not well understood. Using data from multiple datasets we found that southerly flow periods had enhanced signatures of anthropogenic emissions due to shipping and continental sources, and clouds had more but smaller droplets.
Saleh Alzahrani, Doğuşhan Kılıç, Michael Flynn, Paul I. Williams, and James Allan
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 9045–9058, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-9045-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-9045-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This paper investigates emissions from aviation activities at an international airport to evaluate their impact on local air quality. The study provides detailed insights into the chemical composition of aerosols and key pollutants in the airport environment. Source apportionment analysis using positive matrix factorisation (PMF) identified three significant sources: less oxidised oxygenated organic aerosol, alkane organic aerosol, and more oxidised oxygenated organic aerosol.
Mingjie Kang, Mengying Bao, Wenhuai Song, Aduburexiati Abulimiti, Fang Cao, Sönke Szidat, and Yanlin Zhang
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2098, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2098, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Reports on the molecular level knowledge of high temporal resolution PM2.5 components on hazy days are still limited. This study investigated many individual PM2.5 species and sources. The results show biomass burning (BB) was the main source of organic carbon. Moreover, BB enhanced fungal spore emissions and secondary aerosol formation. The contribution of non-fossils increased with increasing haze pollution. These findings suggest BB may be an important driver of haze events in winter.
Mikko Heikkilä, Krista Luoma, Timo Mäkelä, and Tiia Grönholm
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 8927–8941, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-8927-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-8927-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Black carbon (BC) concentration was measured from 211 ship exhaust gas plumes at a remote marine station. Emission factors of BC were calculated in grams per kilogram of fuel. Ships with an exhaust gas cleaning system (EGCS) were found to have median BC emissions per fuel consumed 5 times lower than ships without an EGCS. However, this might be because of non-EGCS ships running at low engine loads rather than the EGCS itself. A local speed restriction would increase BC emissions of ships.
Olga Zografou, Maria Gini, Prodromos Fetfatzis, Konstantinos Granakis, Romanos Foskinis, Manousos Ioannis Manousakas, Fotios Tsopelas, Evangelia Diapouli, Eleni Dovrou, Christina N. Vasilakopoulou, Alexandros Papayannis, Spyros N. Pandis, Athanasios Nenes, and Konstantinos Eleftheriadis
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 8911–8926, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-8911-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-8911-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Characterization of PM1 and positive matrix factorization (PMF) source apportionment of organic and inorganic fractions were conducted at the high-altitude station (HAC)2. Cloud presence reduced PM1, affecting sulfate more than organics. Free-troposphere (FT) conditions showed more black carbon (eBC) than planetary boundary layer (PBL) conditions.
Yuanyuan Qin, Xinghua Zhang, Wei Huang, Juanjuan Qin, Xiaoyu Hu, Yuxuan Cao, Tianyi Zhao, Yang Zhang, Jihua Tan, Ziyin Zhang, Xinming Wang, and Zhenzhen Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 8737–8750, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-8737-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-8737-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Environmental persistent free radicals (EPFRs) and reactive oxygen species (ROSs) play an active role in the atmosphere. Despite control measures having effectively reduced their emissions, reductions were less than in PM2.5. Emission control measures performed well in achieving Parade Blue, but reducing the impact of the atmosphere on human health remains challenging. Thus, there is a need to reassess emission control measures to better address the challenges posed by EPFRs and ROSs.
Fenghua Wei, Xing Peng, Liming Cao, Mengxue Tang, Ning Feng, Xiaofeng Huang, and Lingyan He
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 8507–8518, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-8507-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-8507-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The water solubility of secondary organic aerosols (SOAs) is a crucial factor in determining their hygroscopicity and climatic impact. Stable carbon isotope and mass spectrometry techniques were combined to assess the water solubility of SOAs with different aging degrees in a coastal megacity in China. This work revealed a much higher water-soluble fraction of aged SOA compared to fresh SOA, indicating that the aging degree of SOA has considerable impacts on its water solubility.
Zijun Zhang, Weiqi Xu, Yi Zhang, Wei Zhou, Xiangyu Xu, Aodong Du, Yinzhou Zhang, Hongqin Qiao, Ye Kuang, Xiaole Pan, Zifa Wang, Xueling Cheng, Lanzhong Liu, Qingyan Fu, Douglas R. Worsnop, Jie Li, and Yele Sun
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 8473–8488, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-8473-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-8473-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We investigated aerosol composition and sources and the interaction between secondary organic aerosol (SOA) and clouds at a regional mountain site in southeastern China. Clouds efficiently scavenge more oxidized SOA; however, cloud evaporation leads to the production of less oxidized SOA. The unexpectedly high presence of nitrate in aerosol particles indicates that nitrate formed in polluted areas has undergone interactions with clouds, significantly influencing the regional background site.
Feifei Li, Shanshan Tang, Jitao Lv, Shiyang Yu, Xu Sun, Dong Cao, Yawei Wang, and Guibin Jiang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 8397–8411, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-8397-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-8397-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Targeted derivatization and non-targeted analysis with Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS) were used to reveal the molecular composition of carbonyl molecules in PM2.5, and the important role of carbonyls in increasing the oxidative potential of organic aerosol was found in real samples.
Adam E. Thomas, Hayley S. Glicker, Alex B. Guenther, Roger Seco, Oscar Vega Bustillos, Julio Tota, Rodrigo A. F. Souza, and James N. Smith
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2230, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2230, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We present measurements of the composition of ultrafine particles collected from the eastern Amazon, a relatively understudied region that is subjected to increasing human influence. We find that while isoprene chemistry is likely significant to ultrafine particle growth throughout the year, compounds related to other sources such as biological spore emissions and biomass burning exhibit striking seasonal differences, implying an extensive variation in regional ultrafine particle sources.
Maya Abou-Ghanem, Daniel M. Murphy, Gregory P. Schill, Michael J. Lawler, and Karl D. Froyd
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 8263–8275, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-8263-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-8263-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Using particle analysis by laser mass spectrometry, we examine vanadium-containing ship exhaust particles measured on NASA's DC-8 during the Atmospheric Tomography Mission (ATom). Our results reveal ship exhaust particles are sufficiently widespread in the marine atmosphere and experience atmospheric aging. Finally, we use laboratory calibrations to determine the vanadium, sulfate, and organic single-particle mass fractions of vanadium-containing ship exhaust particles.
Cassandra J. Gaston, Joseph M. Prospero, Kristen Foley, Havala O. T. Pye, Lillian Custals, Edmund Blades, Peter Sealy, and James A. Christie
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 8049–8066, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-8049-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-8049-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
To understand how changing emissions have impacted aerosols in remote regions, we measured nitrate and sulfate in Barbados and compared them to model predictions from EPA’s Air QUAlity TimE Series (EQUATES). Nitrate was stable, except for spikes in 2008 and 2010 due to transported smoke. Sulfate decreased in the 1990s due to reductions in sulfur dioxide (SO2) in the US and Europe; then it increased in the 2000s, likely due to anthropogenic emissions from Africa.
Jie Zhang, Tianyu Zhu, Alexandra Catena, Yaowei Li, Margaret Schwab, Pengfei Liu, Akua Asa-Awuku, and James Schwab
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1390, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1390, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study shows the derived organic aerosol hygroscopicity under high humidity conditions based on a simple optical scatter monitor system, including two nephelometric monitors (pDR-1500), after knowing the aerosol chemical composition.
Jiao Xue, Tian Zhang, Keyhong Park, Jinpei Yan, Young Jun Yoon, Jiyeon Park, and Bingbing Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 7731–7754, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-7731-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-7731-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Ice formation by particles is an important way of making mixed-phase and ice clouds. We found that particles collected in the marine atmosphere exhibit diverse ice nucleation abilities and mixing states. Sea salt mixed-sulfate particles were enriched in ice-nucleating particles. Selective aging on sea salt particles made particle populations more externally mixed. Characterizations of particles and their mixing state are needed for a better understanding of aerosol–cloud interactions.
Yangzhi Mo, Jun Li, Guangcai Zhong, Sanyuan Zhu, Shizhen Zhao, Jiao Tang, Hongxing Jiang, Zhineng Cheng, Chongguo Tian, Yingjun Chen, and Gan Zhang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 7755–7772, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-7755-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-7755-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
In this study, we found that biomass burning (31.0 %) and coal combustion (31.1 %) were the dominant sources of water-insoluble organic carbon in China, with coal combustion sources exhibiting the strongest light-absorbing capacity. Additionally, we propose a light-absorbing carbonaceous continuum, revealing that components enriched with fossil sources tend to have stronger light-absorbing capacity, higher aromaticity, higher molecular weights, and greater recalcitrance in the atmosphere.
Jing Duan, Ru-Jin Huang, Ying Wang, Wei Xu, Haobin Zhong, Chunshui Lin, Wei Huang, Yifang Gu, Jurgita Ovadnevaite, Darius Ceburnis, and Colin O'Dowd
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 7687–7698, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-7687-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-7687-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The chemical composition of atmospheric particles has shown significant changes in recent years. We investigated the potential effects of changes in inorganics on aerosol water uptake and, thus, secondary organic aerosol formation in wintertime haze based on the size-resolved measurements of non-refractory fine particulate matter (NR-PM2.5) in Xi’an, northwestern China. We highlight the key role of aerosol water as a medium to link inorganics and organics in their multiphase processes.
Hongyong Li, Xiaopu Lyu, Likun Xue, Yunxi Huo, Dawen Yao, Haoxian Lu, and Hai Guo
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 7085–7100, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-7085-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-7085-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Organic aerosol is ubiquitous in the atmosphere and largely explains the gap between current levels of fine particulate matter in many cities and the World Health Organization guideline values. This study highlights the dominant contributions of cooking emissions to organic aerosol when marine air prevailed in Hong Kong, which were occasionally overwhelmed by aromatics-derived secondary organic aerosol in continental ouflows.
Shao Shi, Jinghao Zhai, Xin Yang, Yechun Ruan, Yuanlong Huang, Xujian Chen, Antai Zhang, Jianhuai Ye, Guomao Zheng, Baohua Cai, Yaling Zeng, Yixiang Wang, Chunbo Xing, Yujie Zhang, Tzung-May Fu, Lei Zhu, Huizhong Shen, and Chen Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 7001–7012, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-7001-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-7001-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The determination of ions in the mass spectra of individual particles remains uncertain. We have developed a standard-free mass calibration algorithm applicable to more than 98 % of ambient particles. With our algorithm, ions with ~ 0.05 Th mass difference could be determined. Therefore, many more atmospheric species could be determined and involved in the source apportionment of aerosols, the study of chemical reaction mechanisms, and the analysis of single-particle mixing states.
Wei Sun, Xiaodong Hu, Yuzhen Fu, Guohua Zhang, Yujiao Zhu, Xinfeng Wang, Caiqing Yan, Likun Xue, He Meng, Bin Jiang, Yuhong Liao, Xinming Wang, Ping'an Peng, and Xinhui Bi
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 6987–6999, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-6987-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-6987-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The formation pathways of nitrogen-containing compounds (NOCs) in the atmosphere remain unclear. We investigated the composition of aerosols and fog water by state-of-the-art mass spectrometry and compared the formation pathways of NOCs. We found that NOCs in aerosols were mainly formed through nitration reaction, while ammonia addition played a more important role in fog water. The results deepen our understanding of the processes of organic particulate pollution.
Fuzhen Shen, Michaela I. Hegglin, and Yue Yuan
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 6539–6553, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-6539-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-6539-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We attempt to use a novel structural self-organising map and machine learning models to identify a weather system and quantify the importance of each meteorological factor in driving the unexpected PM2.5 and O3 changes under the specific weather system during the COVID-19 lockdown in China. The result highlights that temperature under the double-centre high-pressure system plays the most crucial role in abnormal events.
Wenshuai Li, Yuxuan Qi, Yingchen Liu, Guanru Wu, Yanjing Zhang, Jinhui Shi, Wenjun Qu, Lifang Sheng, Wencai Wang, Daizhou Zhang, and Yang Zhou
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 6495–6508, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-6495-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-6495-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Aerosol particles from mainland can transport to oceans and deposit, providing soluble Fe and affecting phytoplankton growth. Thus, we studied the dissolution process of aerosol Fe and found that photochemistry played a key role in promoting Fe dissolution in clean conditions. RH-dependent reactions were more influential in slightly polluted conditions. These results highlight the distinct roles of two weather-related parameters (radiation and RH) in influencing geochemical cycles related to Fe.
Yanqin Ren, Zhenhai Wu, Yuanyuan Ji, Fang Bi, Junling Li, Haijie Zhang, Hao Zhang, Hong Li, and Gehui Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 6525–6538, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-6525-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-6525-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Nitrated aromatic compounds (NACs) and oxygenated derivatives of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (OPAHs) in PM2.5 were examined from an urban area in Beijing during the autumn and winter. The OPAH and NAC concentrations were much higher during heating than before heating. They majorly originated from the combustion of biomass and automobile emissions, and the secondary generation was the major contributor throughout the whole sampling period.
Gregory P. Schill, Karl D. Froyd, Daniel M. Murphy, Christina J. Williamson, Charles Brock, Tomás Sherwen, Mat J. Evans, Eric A. Ray, Eric C. Apel, Rebecca S. Hornbrook, Alan J. Hills, Jeff Peischl, Tomas B. Ryerson, Chelsea R. Thompson, Ilann Bourgeois, Donald R. Blake, Joshua P. DiGangi, and Glenn S. Diskin
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1399, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1399, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Using single-particle mass spectrometry, we show that trace concentrations of bromine and iodine are ubiquitous in remote tropospheric aerosol, and suggest that aerosols are an important part of the global reactive iodine budget. Comparisons to a global climate model with detailed iodine chemistry are favorable in the background atmosphere; however, the model cannot replicate our measurements near the ocean surface, in biomass burning plumes, and in the stratosphere.
Marco Paglione, David C. S. Beddows, Anna Jones, Thomas Lachlan-Cope, Matteo Rinaldi, Stefano Decesari, Francesco Manarini, Mara Russo, Karam Mansour, Roy M. Harrison, Andrea Mazzanti, Emilio Tagliavini, and Manuel Dall'Osto
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 6305–6322, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-6305-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-6305-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Applying factor analysis techniques to H-NMR spectra, we present the organic aerosol (OA) source apportionment of PM1 samples collected in parallel at two Antarctic stations, namely Signy and Halley, allowing investigation of aerosol–climate interactions in an unperturbed atmosphere. Our results show remarkable differences between pelagic (open-ocean) and sympagic (sea-ice-influenced) air masses and indicate that various sources and processes are controlling Antarctic aerosols.
Zhichao Dong, Chandra Mouli Pavuluri, Peisen Li, Zhanjie Xu, Junjun Deng, Xueyan Zhao, Xiaomai Zhao, Pingqing Fu, and Cong-Qiang Liu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 5887–5905, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-5887-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-5887-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Comprehensive study of optical properties of brown carbon (BrC) in fine aerosols from Tianjin, China, implied that biological emissions are major sources of BrC in summer, whereas fossil fuel combustion and biomass burning emissions are in cold periods. The direct radiation absorption caused by BrC in short wavelengths contributed about 40 % to that caused by BrC in 300–700 nm. Water-insoluble but methanol-soluble BrC contains more protein-like chromophores (PLOM) than that of water-soluble BrC.
Kumiko Goto-Azuma, Yoshimi Ogawa-Tsukagawa, Kaori Fukuda, Koji Fujita, Motohiro Hirabayashi, Remi Dallmayr, Jun Ogata, Nobuhiro Moteki, Tatsuhiro Mori, Sho Ohata, Yutaka Kondo, Makoto Koike, Sumito Matoba, and Teruo Aoki
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1498, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1498, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Monthly records spanning 350 years from a Greenland ice core reveal trends in black carbon (BC) concentrations and sizes. BC concentrations have risen since the late 19th century due to the inflow of anthropogenic BC, with these particles being larger than those from biomass burning (BB). High BB BC concentration peaks in summer originating from BB could reduce albedo. However, BB BC showed no upward trend until the early 2000s. Our findings are crucial for validating aerosol and climate models.
Shan Wang, Kezheng Liao, Zijing Zhang, Yuk Ying Cheng, Qiongqiong Wang, Hanzhe Chen, and Jian Zhen Yu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 5803–5821, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-5803-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-5803-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
In this work, hourly primary and secondary organic carbon were estimated by a novel Bayesian inference approach in suburban Hong Kong. Their multi-temporal-scale variations and evolution characteristics during PM2.5 episodes were examined. The methodology could serve as a guide for other locations with similar monitoring capabilities. The observation-based results are helpful for understanding the evolving nature of secondary organic aerosols and refining the accuracy of model simulations.
Andreas Aktypis, Dontavious Sippial, Christina Vasilakopoulou, Angeliki Matrali, Christos Kaltsonoudis, Andrea Simonati, Marco Paglione, Matteo Rinaldi, Stefano Decesari, and Spyros Pandis
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1317, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1317, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
A dual chamber system was deployed in two different environments (Po Valley, Italy and Pertouli forest, Greece) to study the potential of ambient air directly injected into the chambers, to form secondary aerosol. In the Po Valley, the system reacts rapidly forming large amounts of SOA, while in Pertouli the corresponding SOA formation chemistry appears to have been practically terminated before the beginning of most experiments, so there is little additional SOA formation potential left.
Cited articles
Adams, E. M., Casper, C. B., and Allen, H. C.: Effect of cation enrichment on
dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) monolayers at the air-water interface,
J. Colloid Interf. Sci., 478, 353–364, 2016. a
Alroe, J., Cravigan, L. T., Mallet, M. D., Ristovski, Z. D., Miljevic, B., Osuagwu, C. G., and Johnson, G. R.: Determining the link between hygroscopicity and composition for semi-volatile aerosol species, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 11, 4361–4372, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-11-4361-2018, 2018. a
Ault, A. P., Moffet, R. C., Baltrusaitis, J., Collins, D. B., Ruppel, M. J.,
Cuadra-Rodriguez, L. A., Zhao, D., Guasco, T. L., Ebben, C. J., Geiger,
F. M., Bertram, T. H., Prather, K. A., and Grassian, V. H.: Size-dependent changes in sea spray aerosol composition
and properties with different seawater conditions, Environ. Sci. Technol.,
47, 5603–5612, https://doi.org/10.1021/es400416g, 2013a. a, b, c, d, e
Ault, A. P., Zhao, D., Ebben, C. J., Tauber, M. J., Geiger, F. M., Prather,
K. A., and Grassian, V. H.: Raman microspectroscopy and vibrational sum
frequency generation spectroscopy as probes of the bulk and surface
compositions of size-resolved sea spray aerosol particles, Phys. Chem.
Chem. Phys., 15, 6206, https://doi.org/10.1039/c3cp43899f, 2013b. a
Bates, T. S., Quinn, P. K., Frossard, A. A., Russell, L. M., Hakala, J.,
Petäjä, T., Kulmala, M., Covert, D. S., Cappa, C. D., Li, S. M., Hayden, K. L., Nuaaman, I., McLaren, R., Massoli, P., Canagaratna, M. R., Onasch, T. B., Sueper, D., Worsnop, D. R., and Keene, W. C.: Measurements of ocean derived aerosol off the coast of California, J.
Geophys. Res., 117, D00V15, https://doi.org/10.1029/2012JD017588, 2012. a, b, c, d
Bikkina, P., Kawamura, K., Bikkina, S., Kunwar, B., Tanaka, K., and Suzuki, K.:
Hydroxy Fatty Acids in Remote Marine Aerosols over the Pacific Ocean: Impact
of Biological Activity and Wind Speed, ACS Earth Space Chem., 3, 366–379,
2019. a
Bodas-Salcedo, A., Williams, K. D., Field, P. R., and Lock, A. P.: The surface
downwelling solar radiation surplus over the southern ocean in the met office
model: The role of midlatitude cyclone clouds, J. Climate, 25,
7467–7486, 2012. a
Burrows, S. M., Ogunro, O., Frossard, A. A., Russell, L. M., Rasch, P. J., and Elliott, S. M.: A physically based framework for modeling the organic fractionation of sea spray aerosol from bubble film Langmuir equilibria, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 13601–13629, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-13601-2014, 2014. a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h
Burrows, S. M., Gobrogge, E., Fu, L., Link, K., Elliott, S. M., Wang, H., and
Walker, R.: OCEANFILMS-2: Representing coadsorption of saccharides in marine
films and potential impacts on modeled marine aerosol chemistry, Geophys.
Res. Lett., 43, 8306–8313, https://doi.org/10.1002/2016GL069070, 2016. a, b, c, d, e
Casillas-Ituarte, N. N., Callahan, K. M., Tang, C. Y., Chen, X., Roeselová,
M., Tobias, D. J., and Allen, H. C.: Surface organization of aqueous
MgCl2 and application to atmospheric marine aerosol
chemistry, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 107, 6616–6621, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0912322107, 2010. a
Casper, C. B., Verreault, D., Adams, E. M., Hua, W., and Allen, H. C.: Surface
Potential of DPPC Monolayers on Concentrated Aqueous Salt Solutions, J. Phys.
Chem. B, 120, 2043–2052, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcb.5b10483, 2016. a, b, c
Ceburnis, D., O'Dowd, C. D., Jennings, G. S., Facchini, M. C., Emblico, L.,
Decesari, S., Fuzzi, S., and Sakalys, J.: Marine aerosol chemistry gradients:
Elucidating primary and secondary processes and fluxes, Geophys. Res.
Lett., 35, L07804, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008GL033462, 2008. a
Claeys, M., Wang, W., Vermeylen, R., Kourtchev, I., Chi, X., Farhat, Y.,
Surratt, J. D., Gómez-González, Y., Sciare, J., and Maenhaut, W.: Chemical
characterisation of marine aerosol at Amsterdam Island during the austral
summer of 2006–2007, J. Aerosol Sci., 41, 13–22, 2010. a
Cochran, R. E., Laskina, O., Trueblood, J. V., Estillore, A. D., Morris, H. S.,
Jayarathne, T., Sultana, C. M., Lee, C., Lin, P., Laskin, J., Laskin, A., Dowling, J. A., Qin, Z., Cappa, C. D., Bertram, T. H., Tivanski, A. V., Stone, E. A., Prather, K. A., and Grassian, V. H.:
Molecular Diversity of Sea Spray Aerosol Particles: Impact of Ocean Biology
on Particle Composition and Hygroscopicity, Chem, 2, 655–667,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chempr.2017.03.007, 2017. a
Cohen, D. D., Stelcer, E., Hawas, O., and Garton, D.: IBA methods for
characterisation of fine particulate atmospheric pollution: a local, regional
and global research problem, The 13th International Conference on Particle
Induced X-ray Emission (PIXE 2013), 219–220, 145–152, 2004. a
Collins, D. B., Ault, A. P., Moffet, R. C., Ruppel, M. J., Cuadra-Rodriguez,
L. A., Guasco, T. L., Corrigan, C. E., Pedler, B. E., Azam, F., Aluwihare,
L. I., Bertram, T. H., Roberts, G. C., Grassian, V. H., and Prather, K. A.: Impact of marine biogeochemistry on the chemical mixing
state and cloud forming ability of nascent sea spray aerosol, J.
Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 118, 8553–8565, https://doi.org/10.1002/jgrd.50598, 2013. a, b
Collins, D. B., Zhao, D. F., Ruppel, M. J., Laskina, O., Grandquist, J. R., Modini, R. L., Stokes, M. D., Russell, L. M., Bertram, T. H., Grassian, V. H., Deane, G. B., and Prather, K. A.: Direct aerosol chemical composition measurements to evaluate the physicochemical differences between controlled sea spray aerosol generation schemes, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 7, 3667–3683, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-7-3667-2014, 2014. a, b, c, d
Collins, D. B., Bertram, T. H., Sultana, C. M., Lee, C., Axson, J. L., and
Prather, K. A.: Phytoplankton blooms weakly influence the cloud forming
ability of sea spray aerosol, Geophys. Res. Lett., 43, 9975–9983,
https://doi.org/10.1002/2016GL069922, 2016. a, b, c, d
Cravigan, L. T., Ristovski, Z., Modini, R. L., Keywood, M. D., and Gras, J. L.:
Observation of sea-salt fraction in sub-100 nm diameter particles at Cape
Grim, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 120, 1848–1864,
https://doi.org/10.1002/2014JD022601, 2015. a, b, c
Cravigan, L. T., Mallet, M. D., Ristovski, Z., Modini, R. L., Russell, L. M., Stelcer, E., Cohen, D. D., Harvey, M. J., and Law, C. S.: Organic volume fraction and hygroscopic growth factor of nascent Sea Spray Aerosol (SSA) measured using VH-TDMA during the Surface Ocean Aerosol Production (SOAP) study to the Chatham Rise (east of New Zealand) onboard the RV Tangaroa in 2012, PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.919801, 2020a. a
Cravigan, L. T., Mallet, M. D., Ristovski, Z., Modini, R. L., Russell, L. M., Stelcer, E., Cohen, D. D., Harvey, M. J., and Law, C. S.: Deliquescence of nascent Sea Spray Aerosol (SSA) measured using VH-TDMA during the Surface Ocean Aerosol Production (SOAP) study to the Chatham Rise onboard the RV Tangaroa in 2012, PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.919793, 2020b. a
Cravigan, L. T., Mallet, M. D., Ristovski, Z., Modini, R. L., Russell, L. M., Stelcer, E., Cohen, D. D., Harvey, M. J., and Law, C. S.: Fourier Transform Infra-Red spectroscopy (FTIR) of submicron nascent Sea Spray Aerosol (SSA) measured during the Surface Ocean Aerosol Production (SOAP) study to the Chatham Rise (east of New Zealand) onboard the RV Tangaroa in 2012, PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.919809, 2020c. a
Cravigan, L. T., Mallet, M. D., Ristovski, Z., Modini, R. L., Russell, L. M., Stelcer, E., Cohen, D. D., Harvey, M. J., and Law, C. S.: Ion Beam Analysis (IBA) of submicron nascent Sea Spray Aerosol (SSA) measured during the Surface Ocean Aerosol Production (SOAP) study to the Chatham Rise (east of New Zealand) onboard the RV Tangaroa in 2012, PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.919790, 2020d. a
Edholm, O. and Nagle, J. F.: Areas of Molecules in Membranes Consisting of
Mixtures, Biophys. J., 89, 1827–1832,
https://doi.org/10.1529/biophysj.105.064329, 2005. a
Estillore, A. D., Hettiyadura, A. P. S., Qin, Z., Leckrone, E., Wombacher, B.,
Humphry, T., Stone, E. A., and Grassian, V. H.: Water Uptake and Hygroscopic
Growth of Organosulfate Aerosol, Environ. Sci. Technol., 50, 4259–4268,
https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.5b05014, 2016. a
Estillore, A. D., Morris, H. S., Or, V. W., Lee, H. D., Alves, M. R., Marciano,
M. A., Laskina, O., Qin, Z., Tivanski, A. V., and Grassian, V. H.: Linking
hygroscopicity and the surface microstructure of model inorganic salts,
simple and complex carbohydrates, and authentic sea spray aerosol particles,
Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 19, 21101–21111,
https://doi.org/10.1039/C7CP04051B, 2017. a, b, c
Facchini, M. C., Rinaldi, M., Decesari, S., Carbone, C., Finessi, E., Mircea,
M., Fuzzi, S., Ceburnis, D., Flanagan, R., Nilsson, E. D., Leeuw, G. d., Martino, M., Woeltjen, J., and O'Dowd, C. D.:
Primary submicron marine aerosol dominated by insoluble organic colloids and
aggregates, Geophys. Res. Lett., 35, L17814,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2008GL034210, 2008. a, b, c, d, e, f, g
Forestieri, S. D., Moore, K. A., Borrero, R. M., Wang, A., Stokes, M. D., and
Cappa, C. D.: Temperature and Composition Dependence of Sea Spray Aerosol
Production, Geophys. Res. Lett., 45, 7218–7225,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2018gl078193, 2018a. a
Forestieri, S. D., Staudt, S. M., Kuborn, T. M., Faber, K., Ruehl, C. R., Bertram, T. H., and Cappa, C. D.: Establishing the impact of model surfactants on cloud condensation nuclei activity of sea spray aerosol mimics, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 10985–11005, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-10985-2018, 2018b. a, b, c, d, e
Fossum, K. N., Ovadnevaite, J., Ceburnis, D., Dall'Osto, M., Marullo, S.,
Bellacicco, M., Simó, R., Liu, D., Flynn, M., Zuend, A., and O'Dowd, C.:
Summertime Primary and Secondary Contributions to Southern Ocean Cloud
Condensation Nuclei, Sci. Rep.-UK, 8, 13844,
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-32047-4, 2018. a
Frossard, A. A. and Russell, L. M.: Removal of Sea Salt Hydrate Water from
Seawater-Derived Samples by Dehydration, Environ. Sci. Technol., 46, 13326–13333, https://doi.org/10.1021/es3032083, 2012. a
Fuentes, E., Coe, H., Green, D., and McFiggans, G.: On the impacts of phytoplankton-derived organic matter on the properties of the primary marine aerosol – Part 2: Composition, hygroscopicity and cloud condensation activity, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 2585–2602, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-2585-2011, 2011. a, b, c, d, e, f
Gantt, B., Meskhidze, N., Facchini, M. C., Rinaldi, M., Ceburnis, D., and O'Dowd, C. D.: Wind speed dependent size-resolved parameterization for the organic mass fraction of sea spray aerosol, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 8777–8790, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-8777-2011, 2011. a, b, c, d
Gras, J. L. and Keywood, M.: Cloud condensation nuclei over the Southern Ocean: wind dependence and seasonal cycles, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 4419–4432, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-4419-2017, 2017. a
Gysel, M., McFiggans, G. B., and Coe, H.: Inversion of tandem differential
mobility analyser (TDMA) measurements, J. Aerosol Sci., 40,
134–151, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaerosci.2008.07.013, 2009. a
Johnson, G. R., Ristovski, Z., and Morawska, L.: Method for measuring the
hygroscopic behaviour of lower volatility fractions in an internally mixed
aerosol, J. Aerosol Sci., 35, 443–455,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaerosci.2003.10.008, 2004. a, b
Johnson, G. R., Fletcher, C., Meyer, N., Modini, R., and Ristovski, Z. D.: A
robust, portable H-TDMA for field use, J. Aerosol Sci., 39,
850–861, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaerosci.2008.05.005, 2008. a
Joutsensaari, J., Vaattovaara, P., Vesterinen, M., Hämeri, K., and Laaksonen, A.: A novel tandem differential mobility analyzer with organic vapor treatment of aerosol particles, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 1, 51–60, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-1-51-2001, 2001. a, b, c
Keene, W. C., Maring, H., Maben, J. R., Kieber, D. J., Pszenny, A. A. P., Dahl,
E. E., Izaguirre, M. A., Davis, A. J., Long, M. S., Zhou, X., Smoydzin, L., and Sander, R.:
Chemical and physical characteristics of nascent aerosols produced by
bursting bubbles at a model air‐sea interface, J. Geophys. Res., 112,
D21202, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007JD008464, 2007. a, b, c, d, e, f
King, S. M., Butcher, A. C., Rosenoern, T., Coz, E., Lieke, K. I., de Leeuw,
G., Nilsson, E. D., and Bilde, M.: Investigating Primary Marine Aerosol
Properties: CCN Activity of Sea Salt and Mixed Inorganic–Organic Particles,
Environ. Sci. Technol., 46, 10405–10412, https://doi.org/10.1021/es300574u,
2013. a
Laskin, A., Moffet, R. C., Gilles, M. K., Fast, J. D., Zaveri, R. A., Wang, B.,
Nigge, P., and Shutthanandan, J.: Tropospheric chemistry of internally mixed
sea salt and organic particles: Surprising reactivity of NaCl with weak
organic acids, J. Geophys. Res., 117, D15302, https://doi.org/10.1029/2012JD017743,
2012. a, b
Law, C. S., Smith, M. J., Harvey, M. J., Bell, T. G., Cravigan, L. T., Elliott, F. C., Lawson, S. J., Lizotte, M., Marriner, A., McGregor, J., Ristovski, Z., Safi, K. A., Saltzman, E. S., Vaattovaara, P., and Walker, C. F.: Overview and preliminary results of the Surface Ocean Aerosol Production (SOAP) campaign, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 13645–13667, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-13645-2017, 2017. a, b, c, d
Leck, C. and Svensson, E.: Importance of aerosol composition and mixing state for cloud droplet activation over the Arctic pack ice in summer, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 2545–2568, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-2545-2015, 2015. a, b
Maria, S. F., Russell, L. M., Turpin, B. J., Porcja, R. J., Campos, T. L.,
Weber, R. J., and Huebert, B. J.: Source signatures of carbon monoxide and
organic functional groups in Asian Pacific Regional Aerosol Characterization
Experiment (ACE‐Asia) submicron aerosol types, J. Geophys. Res., 108, 8637,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2003JD003703, 2003. a
McCoy, D. T., Burrows, S. M., Wood, R., Grosvenor, D. P., Elliott, S. M., Ma,
P. L., Rasch, P. J., and Hartmann, D. L.: Natural aerosols explain seasonal
and spatial patterns of Southern Ocean cloud albedo, Sci. Adv., 1,
e1500157, https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1500157, 2015. a
Miyazaki, Y., Kawamura, K., and Sawano, M.: Size distributions and chemical
characterization of water-soluble organic aerosols over the western North
Pacific in summer, J. Geophys. Res., 115, D23210,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2010JD014439, 2010. a
Modini, R. L., Johnson, G. R., He, C., and Ristovski, Z. D.: Observation of the
suppression of water uptake by marine particles, Atmos. Res., 98,
219–228, 2010b. a
Modini, R. L., Russell, L. M., Deane, G. B., and Stokes, M. D.: Effect of
soluble surfactant on bubble persistence and bubble-produced aerosol
particles, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 118, 1388–1400,
https://doi.org/10.1002/jgrd.50186, 2013. a, b
Moore, R. H., Ingall, E. D., Sorooshian, A., and Nenes, A.: Molar mass,
surface tension, and droplet growth kinetics of marine organics from
measurements of CCN activity, Geophys. Res. Lett., 35, L07801,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2008gl033350, 2008. a, b
Myhre, G., Shindell, D., Bréon, F. M., and Collins, W.: Anthropogenic and
natural radiative forcing, 41, 2623–2630, https://doi.org/10.1002/2013GL059099, 2013. a
Niedermeier, D., Wex, H., Voigtländer, J., Stratmann, F., Brüggemann, E., Kiselev, A., Henk, H., and Heintzenberg, J.: LACIS-measurements and parameterization of sea-salt particle hygroscopic growth and activation, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 8, 579–590, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-8-579-2008, 2008. a
O'Dowd, C., Ceburnis, D., Ovadnevaite, J., Bialek, J., Stengel, D. B.,
Zacharias, M., Nitschke, U., Connan, S., Rinaldi, M., Fuzzi, S., Decesari, S., Facchini, M. C., Marullo, S., Santoleri, R., Dell’Anno, A., Corinaldesi, C., Tangherlini, M., and Danovaro, R.:
Connecting marine productivity to sea-spray via nanoscale biological
processes: Phytoplankton Dance or Death Disco?, Sci. Rep.-UK, 5,
14883, https://doi.org/10.1038/srep14883, 2015. a, b, c, d
O'Dowd, C. D., Facchini, M. C., Cavalli, F., Ceburnis, D., Mircea, M.,
Decesari, S., Fuzzi, S., Yoon, Y. J., and Putaud, J.-P.: Biogenically driven
organic contribution to marine aerosol, Nature, 431, 676–680,
https://doi.org/10.1038/nature02959, 2004. a, b
Ovadnevaite, J., Ceburnis, D., Martucci, G., Bialek, J., Monahan, C., Rinaldi,
M., Facchini, M. C., Berresheim, H., Worsnop, D. R., and O'Dowd, C.:
Primary marine organic aerosol: A dichotomy of low hygroscopicity and high
CCN activity, Geophys. Res. Lett., 38, L21806,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2011GL048869, 2011a. a, b
Ovadnevaite, J., O'Dowd, C., Dall'Osto, M., Ceburnis, D., Worsnop, D. R.,
and Berresheim, H.: Detecting high contributions of primary organic matter to
marine aerosol: A case study, Geophys. Res. Lett., 38, L02807,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2010GL046083, 2011b. a
Ovadnevaite, J., Zuend, A., Laaksonen, A., Sanchez, K. J., Roberts, G.,
Ceburnis, D., Decesari, S., Rinaldi, M., Hodas, N., Facchini, M. C., Seinfeld, J. H., and O'Dowd, C.: Surface tension prevails over solute effect in organic-influenced
cloud droplet activation, Nature, 546, 637–641, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature22806,
2017. a
Petters, M. D., Kreidenweis, S. M., Prenni, A. J., Sullivan, R. C., Carrico,
C. M., Koehler, K. A., and Ziemann, P. J.: Role of molecular size in cloud
droplet activation, Geophys. Res. Lett., 36, L22801,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2009gl040131, 2009. a, b
Petters, S. S. and Petters, M. D.: Surfactant effect on cloud condensation
nuclei for two-component internally mixed aerosols, J. Geophys.
Res.-Atmos., 121, 1878–1895, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015JD024090, 2016. a
Prather, K. A., Bertram, T. H., Grassian, V. H., Deane, G. B., Stokes, M. D.,
DeMott, P. J., Aluwihare, L. I., Palenik, B. P., Azam, F., Seinfeld, J. H.,
Moffet, R. C., Molina, M. J., Cappa, C. D., Geiger, F. M., Roberts, G. C., Russell, L. M., Ault, A. P., Baltrusaitis, J., Collins, D. B., Corrigan, C. E., Cuadra-Rodriguez, L. A., Ebben, C. J., Forestieri, S. D., Guasco, T. L., Hersey, S. P., Kim, M. J., Lambert, W. F., Modini, R. L., Mui, W., Pedler, B. E., Ruppel, M. J., Ryder, O. S., Schoepp, N. G., Sullivan, R. C., and Zhao, D.: Bringing the ocean into the laboratory to probe the chemical complexity of sea spray aerosol, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 110, 7550–7555, 2013. a, b, c, d, e, f, g
Prisle, N. L., Raatikainen, T., Laaksonen, A., and Bilde, M.: Surfactants in cloud droplet activation: mixed organic-inorganic particles, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 5663–5683, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-5663-2010, 2010. a
Protat, A., Schulz, E., Rikus, L., Sun, Z., Xiao, Y., and Keywood, M.:
Shipborne observations of the radiative effect of Southern Ocean clouds,
J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 122, 318–328,
https://doi.org/10.1002/2016JD026061, 2017. a
Quinn, P. K., Bates, T. S., Schulz, K. S., Coffman, D. J., Frossard, A. A.,
Russell, L. M., Keene, W. C., and Kieber, D. J.: Contribution of sea surface
carbon pool to organic matter enrichment in sea spray aerosol, Nat.
Geosci., 7, 228–232, https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo2092, 2014. a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h
Quinn, P. K., Collins, D. B., Grassian, V. H., Prather, K. A., and Bates,
T. S.: Chemistry and Related Properties of Freshly Emitted Sea Spray Aerosol,
Chem. Rev., 115, 4383–4399, https://doi.org/10.1021/cr500713g, 2015. a
Quinn, P. K., Coffman, D. J., Johnson, J. E., Upchurch, L. M., and Bates,
T. S.: Small fraction of marine cloud condensation nuclei made up of sea
spray aerosol, Nat. Geosci., 30, 869, https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo3003, 2017. a
Rasmussen, B. B., Nguyen, Q. T., Kristensen, K., Nielsen, L. S., and Bilde, M.:
What controls volatility of sea spray aerosol? Results from laboratory
studies using artificial and real seawater samples, J. Aerosol
Sci., 107, 134–141, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaerosci.2017.02.002, 2017. a, b
Rinaldi, M., Fuzzi, S., Decesari, S., Marullo, S., Santoleri, R., Provenzale,
A., Hardenberg, J. v., Ceburnis, D., Vaishya, A., O'Dowd, C. D., and
Facchini, M. C.: Is chlorophyll-a the best surrogate for organic matter enrichment in
submicron primary marine aerosol?, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 118, 4964–4973, https://doi.org/10.1002/jgrd.50417, 2013. a, b
Ruehl, C. R. and Wilson, K. R.: Surface Organic Monolayers Control the
Hygroscopic Growth of Submicrometer Particles at High Relative Humidity, J. Phys. Chem. A, 118, 3952–3966, https://doi.org/10.1021/jp502844g,
2014. a
Ruehl, C. R., Davies, J. F., and Wilson, K. R.: An interfacial mechanism for
cloud droplet formation on organic aerosols, Science, 351, 1447–1450,
https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aad4889, 2016. a, b, c, d
Russell, L. M.: Aerosol Organic-Mass-to-Organic-Carbon Ratio Measurements,
Environ. Sci. Technol., 37, 2982–2987,
https://doi.org/10.1021/es026123w, 2003. a
Russell, L. M., Bahadur, R., and Ziemann, P. J.: Identifying organic aerosol
sources by comparing functional group composition in chamber and atmospheric
particles, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 108, 3516–3521, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1006461108, 2011. a
Sakamoto, Y., Ishiguro, M., and Kitagawa, G.: Akaike information criterion statistics, KTK Scientific Publishers, Tokyo, translation by: Tokeigaku, J., D. Reidel, Dordrecht, Boston, Hingham, MA, Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1986. a
Schwartz, S. E. and Lewis, E. R.: Sea salt aerosol production: mechanisms, methods, measurements and models: a critical review, American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, 2004. a
Schwier, A. N., Rose, C., Asmi, E., Ebling, A. M., Landing, W. M., Marro, S., Pedrotti, M.-L., Sallon, A., Iuculano, F., Agusti, S., Tsiola, A., Pitta, P., Louis, J., Guieu, C., Gazeau, F., and Sellegri, K.: Primary marine aerosol emissions from the Mediterranean Sea during pre-bloom and oligotrophic conditions: correlations to seawater chlorophyll a from a mesocosm study, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 7961–7976, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-7961-2015, 2015. a, b
Schwier, A. N., Sellegri, K., Mas, S., Charrière, B., Pey, J., Rose, C., Temime-Roussel, B., Jaffrezo, J.-L., Parin, D., Picard, D., Ribeiro, M., Roberts, G., Sempéré, R., Marchand, N., and D'Anna, B.: Primary marine aerosol physical flux and chemical composition during a nutrient enrichment experiment in mesocosms in the Mediterranean Sea, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 14645–14660, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-14645-2017, 2017. a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, i
Sciare, J., Favez, O., Sarda-Esteve, R., Oikonomou, K., Cachier, H., and Kazan,
V.: Long-term observations of carbonaceous aerosols in the Austral Ocean
atmosphere: Evidence of a biogenic marine organic source, J. Geophys. Res.,
114, D15302, https://doi.org/10.1029/2009JD011998, 2009. a
Seinfeld, J. H. and Pandis, S. N.: Atmospheric chemistry and physics: from air pollution to climate change, 2nd Edn., Wiley, New York, 2006. a
Shank, L. M., Howell, S., Clarke, A. D., Freitag, S., Brekhovskikh, V., Kapustin, V., McNaughton, C., Campos, T., and Wood, R.: Organic matter and non-refractory aerosol over the remote Southeast Pacific: oceanic and combustion sources, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 557–576, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-557-2012, 2012.
a
Sievering, H., Cainey, J., Harvey, M., McGregor, J., Nichol, S., and Quinn, P.:
Aerosol non-sea-salt sulfate in the remote marine boundary layer under
clear-sky and normal cloudiness conditions: Ocean-derived biogenic alkalinity
enhances sea-salt sulfate production by ozone oxidation, J. Geophys. Res.,
109, D19317, https://doi.org/10.1029/2003JD004315, 2004. a
Stokes, R. H. and Robinson, R. A.: Interactions in Aqueous Nonelectrolyte
Solutions. I. Solute-Solvent Equilibria, J. Phys. Chem.,
70, 2126–2131, https://doi.org/10.1021/j100879a010, 1966. a
Vaattovaara, P., Räsänen, M., Kühn, T., Joutsensaari, J., and Laaksonen, A.: A method for detecting the presence of organic fraction in nucleation mode sized particles, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 5, 3277–3287, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-5-3277-2005, 2005. a, b, c
Zábori, J., Matisāns, M., Krejci, R., Nilsson, E. D., and Ström, J.: Artificial primary marine aerosol production: a laboratory study with varying water temperature, salinity, and succinic acid concentration, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 10709–10724, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-10709-2012, 2012. a
Zelenyuk, A., Imre, D., Cuadra-Rodriguez, L. A., and Ellison, B.: Measurements
and interpretation of the effect of a soluble organic surfactant on the
density, shape and water uptake of hygroscopic particles, J. Aerosol
Sci., 38, 903–923, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaerosci.2007.06.006, 2007. a
Zieger, P., Väisänen, O., Corbin, J. C., Partridge, D. G., Bastelberger, S.,
Mousavi-Fard, M., Rosati, B., Gysel, M., Krieger, U. K., Leck, C., Nenes, A., Riipinen, I., Virtanen, A., and Salter, M. E.: Revising the hygroscopicity of inorganic sea salt particles, Nat.
Commun., 8, 15883, https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms15883, 2017. a, b, c
Short summary
Aerosol–cloud interactions in remote marine environments are poorly represented in atmospheric modelling, particularly over the Southern Hemisphere. This work reports in situ chamber observations of sea spray aerosol composition and water uptake during the Surface Ocean Aerosol Production (SOAP) voyage. Observations were compared with currently applied models for sea spray organic enrichment. The sea spray hygroscopicity was persistently high, even at high organic fractions.
Aerosol–cloud interactions in remote marine environments are poorly represented in atmospheric...
Altmetrics
Final-revised paper
Preprint