Articles | Volume 18, issue 3
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-1805-2018
© Author(s) 2018. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Special issue:
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-1805-2018
© Author(s) 2018. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
07 Feb 2018
Research article |
| 07 Feb 2018
| 07 Feb 2018
Reconstruction and analysis of erythemal UV radiation time series from Hradec Králové (Czech Republic) over the past 50 years
Klára Čížková
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Department of Geography, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, 611 37, Czech Republic
Solar and Ozone Observatory, Czech Hydrometeorological Institute,
Hradec Králové, 500 08, Czech Republic
Kamil Láska
Department of Geography, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, 611 37, Czech Republic
Ladislav Metelka
Solar and Ozone Observatory, Czech Hydrometeorological Institute,
Hradec Králové, 500 08, Czech Republic
Martin Staněk
Solar and Ozone Observatory, Czech Hydrometeorological Institute,
Hradec Králové, 500 08, Czech Republic
Related authors
Margit Aun, Kaisa Lakkala, Ricardo Sanchez, Eija Asmi, Fernando Nollas, Outi Meinander, Larisa Sogacheva, Veerle De Bock, Antti Arola, Gerrit de Leeuw, Veijo Aaltonen, David Bolsée, Klara Cizkova, Alexander Mangold, Ladislav Metelka, Erko Jakobson, Tove Svendby, Didier Gillotay, and Bert Van Opstal
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 6037–6054, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-6037-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-6037-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
In 2017, new measurements of UV radiation started in Marambio, Antarctica, by the Finnish Meteorological Institute in collaboration with the Argentinian Servicio Meteorológico Nacional. The paper presents the results of UV irradiance measurements from March 2017 to March 2019, and it
compares them with those from 2000–2008 and also with UV measurements at other Antarctic stations. In 2017/2018, below average UV radiation levels were recorded due to favourable ozone and cloud conditions.
Klára Čížková, Kamil Láska, Ladislav Metelka, and Martin Staněk
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 4617–4636, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-4617-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-4617-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The study deals with ultraviolet (UV) radiation in southern polar conditions, where ozone depletion occurs each spring. A 10-year-long time series of UV spectra from Marambio Base, Antarctic Peninsula, has been studied, with a focus on the changes of UV radiation at different wavelengths and the effects of atmospheric and terrestrial variables like ozone, solar elevation, or cloudiness. At the very short wavelengths, the effect of ozone and its deficiency was clearly observed.
Eliane Maillard Barras, Alexander Haefele, René Stübi, Achille Jouberton, Herbert Schill, Irina Petropavlovskikh, Koji Miyagawa, Martin Stanek, and Lucien Froidevaux
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 14283–14302, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-14283-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-14283-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Intercomparisons of three Dobson and three Brewer spectrophotometers at Arosa/Davos, Switzerland, are used for the homogenization of the longest Umkehr ozone profiles time series worldwide. Dynamic linear modeling (DLM) reveals a significant positive trend after 2004 in the upper stratosphere, a persistent negative trend between 25 and 30 km in the middle stratosphere, and a negative trend at 20 km in the lower stratosphere, with different levels of significance depending on the dataset.
Marek Šmíd, Geiland Porrovecchio, Jiří Tesař, Tim Burnitt, Luca Egli, Julian Grőbner, Petr Linduška, and Martin Staněk
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 14, 3573–3582, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-3573-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-3573-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We designed and developed a tuneable and portable radiation source (TuPS) to provide a reference wavelength scale, with a bandwidth of emitted radiation of 0.13 nm and uncertainty in wavelength of 0.02 nm. TuPS was successfully used for the in-field characterization of 14 Dobson spectrophotometers in campaigns in Europe. The line spread functions of Dobsons measured by TuPS in conjunction with the cross-sections from IUP improves the consistency between the Dobson and Brewer from 3 % to 1 %.
Margit Aun, Kaisa Lakkala, Ricardo Sanchez, Eija Asmi, Fernando Nollas, Outi Meinander, Larisa Sogacheva, Veerle De Bock, Antti Arola, Gerrit de Leeuw, Veijo Aaltonen, David Bolsée, Klara Cizkova, Alexander Mangold, Ladislav Metelka, Erko Jakobson, Tove Svendby, Didier Gillotay, and Bert Van Opstal
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 6037–6054, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-6037-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-6037-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
In 2017, new measurements of UV radiation started in Marambio, Antarctica, by the Finnish Meteorological Institute in collaboration with the Argentinian Servicio Meteorológico Nacional. The paper presents the results of UV irradiance measurements from March 2017 to March 2019, and it
compares them with those from 2000–2008 and also with UV measurements at other Antarctic stations. In 2017/2018, below average UV radiation levels were recorded due to favourable ozone and cloud conditions.
Ulf Köhler, Saulius Nevas, Glen McConville, Robert Evans, Marek Smid, Martin Stanek, Alberto Redondas, and Fritz Schönenborn
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 11, 1989–1999, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-11-1989-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-11-1989-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Laboratory investigations of optical characteristics of three standard Dobsons provide real wavelength settings and slit functions. These parameters were compared with the original values given in the manuals. The differences between real and nominal values are not too large, but their application will in any case improve the quality of the total ozone column measurements in the global
network. This improvement was the main objective of the ATMOZ project funding these activities.
J. Elster, L. Nedbalová, R. Vodrážka, K. Láska, J. Haloda, and J. Komárek
Biogeosciences, 13, 535–549, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-535-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-535-2016, 2016
Related subject area
Subject: Radiation | Research Activity: Field Measurements | Altitude Range: Troposphere | Science Focus: Physics (physical properties and processes)
Assessment of spectral UV radiation at Marambio Base, Antarctic Peninsula
Parameterization of downward long-wave radiation based on long-term baseline surface radiation measurements in China
An assessment of land energy balance over East Asia from multiple lines of evidence and the roles of the Tibet Plateau, aerosols, and clouds
Ozone, DNA-active UV radiation, and cloud changes for the near-global mean and at high latitudes due to enhanced greenhouse gas concentrations
In situ observation of warm atmospheric layer and the heat contribution of suspended dust over the Tarim Basin
Eight-year variations in atmospheric radiocesium in Fukushima city
Variability and trends in surface solar spectral ultraviolet irradiance in Italy: on the influence of geopotential height and lower-stratospheric ozone
Fifty-six years of surface solar radiation and sunshine duration over São Paulo, Brazil: 1961–2016
Changes in the surface broadband shortwave radiation budget during the 2017 eclipse
Reassessment of shortwave surface cloud radiative forcing in the Arctic: consideration of surface-albedo–cloud interactions
Deposition of brown carbon onto snow: changes in snow optical and radiative properties
Solar UV radiation measurements in Marambio, Antarctica, during years 2017–2019
A revisiting of the parametrization of downward longwave radiation in summer over the Tibetan Plateau based on high-temporal-resolution measurements
Trends in surface radiation and cloud radiative effect at four Swiss sites for the 1996–2015 period
Can downwelling far-infrared radiances over Antarctica be estimated from mid-infrared information?
Measurements of spectral irradiance during the solar eclipse of 21 August 2017: reassessment of the effect of solar limb darkening and of changes in total ozone
UV measurements at Marambio and Ushuaia during 2000–2010
On the suitability of current atmospheric reanalyses for regional warming studies over China
A long-term time series of global and diffuse photosynthetically active radiation in the Mediterranean: interannual variability and cloud effects
Long-term series and trends in surface solar radiation in Athens, Greece
Trends in erythemal doses at the Polish Polar Station, Hornsund, Svalbard based on the homogenized measurements (1996–2016) and reconstructed data (1983–1995)
Effects of vernal equinox solar eclipse on temperature and wind direction in Switzerland
Sky radiance at a coastline and effects of land and ocean reflectivities
Impact of aerosols and clouds on decadal trends in all-sky solar radiation over the Netherlands (1966–2015)
Contributions of surface solar radiation and precipitation to the spatiotemporal patterns of surface and air warming in China from 1960 to 2003
Multiresolution analysis of the spatiotemporal variability in global radiation observed by a dense network of 99 pyranometers
Validation of satellite-based noontime UVI with NDACC ground-based instruments: influence of topography, environment and satellite overpass time
Is global dimming and brightening in Japan limited to urban areas?
The climatology of planetary boundary layer height in China derived from radiosonde and reanalysis data
Detection of dimming/brightening in Italy from homogenized all-sky and clear-sky surface solar radiation records and underlying causes (1959–2013)
Comparison of land–atmosphere interaction at different surface types in the mid- to lower reaches of the Yangtze River valley
Spectral optical layer properties of cirrus from collocated airborne measurements and simulations
Local short-term variability in solar irradiance
The contrasting roles of water and dust in controlling daily variations in radiative heating of the summertime Saharan heat low
Global dimming and urbanization: did stronger negative SSR trends collocate with regions of population growth?
Short- and long-term variability of spectral solar UV irradiance at Thessaloniki, Greece: effects of changes in aerosols, total ozone and clouds
On the progress of the 2015–2016 El Niño event
Role of radiatively forced temperature changes in enhanced semi-arid warming in the cold season over east Asia
Assessment of long-term WRF–CMAQ simulations for understanding direct aerosol effects on radiation "brightening" in the United States
Comparison of OMI UV observations with ground-based measurements at high northern latitudes
Characterisation of J(O1D) at Cape Grim 2000–2005
On the scaling of the solar incident flux
Analysis of actinic flux profiles measured from an ozonesonde balloon
Relations between erythemal UV dose, global solar radiation, total ozone column and aerosol optical depth at Uccle, Belgium
Solar irradiance in the heterogeneous albedo environment of the Arctic coast: measurements and a 3-D model study
Assessment of the effect of air pollution controls on trends in shortwave radiation over the United States from 1995 through 2010 from multiple observation networks
Near-surface meteorology during the Arctic Summer Cloud Ocean Study (ASCOS): evaluation of reanalyses and global climate models
High levels of ultraviolet radiation observed by ground-based instruments below the 2011 Arctic ozone hole
Spectral albedo of seasonal snow during intensive melt period at Sodankylä, beyond the Arctic Circle
Experimental and modeled UV erythemal irradiance under overcast conditions: the role of cloud optical depth
Klára Čížková, Kamil Láska, Ladislav Metelka, and Martin Staněk
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 4617–4636, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-4617-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-4617-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The study deals with ultraviolet (UV) radiation in southern polar conditions, where ozone depletion occurs each spring. A 10-year-long time series of UV spectra from Marambio Base, Antarctic Peninsula, has been studied, with a focus on the changes of UV radiation at different wavelengths and the effects of atmospheric and terrestrial variables like ozone, solar elevation, or cloudiness. At the very short wavelengths, the effect of ozone and its deficiency was clearly observed.
Junli Yang, Jianglin Hu, Qiying Chen, and Weijun Quan
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 4419–4430, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-4419-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-4419-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Downward long-wave radiation (DLR) affects energy exchange between the land surface and the atmosphere, while it is seldom observed at conventional radiation stations. Therefore, parameterization of DLR based on the near-surface meteorological variables provides a chance to estimate the DLR over most meteorological stations. This work established three parameterizations suited to estimating the DLR over China by using the measurements from the CBSRN with an accuracy of ~6.1 %.
Qiuyan Wang, Hua Zhang, Su Yang, Qi Chen, Xixun Zhou, Bing Xie, Yuying Wang, Guangyu Shi, and Martin Wild
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 15867–15886, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-15867-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-15867-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The present-day land energy balance over East Asia is estimated for the first time. Results indicate that high aerosol loadings, clouds, and the Tibet Plateau (TP) over East Asia play vital roles in the shortwave budgets, while the TP is responsible for the longwave budgets during this regional energy budget assessment. This study provides a perspective to understand fully how the potential factors influence the diversifying regional energy budget assessments.
Kostas Eleftheratos, John Kapsomenakis, Ilias Fountoulakis, Christos S. Zerefos, Patrick Jöckel, Martin Dameris, Alkiviadis F. Bais, Germar Bernhard, Dimitra Kouklaki, Kleareti Tourpali, Scott Stierle, J. Ben Liley, Colette Brogniez, Frédérique Auriol, Henri Diémoz, Stana Simic, Irina Petropavlovskikh, Kaisa Lakkala, and Kostas Douvis
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 12827–12855, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-12827-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-12827-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We present the future evolution of DNA-active ultraviolet (UV) radiation in view of increasing greenhouse gases (GHGs) and decreasing ozone depleting substances (ODSs). It is shown that DNA-active UV radiation might increase after 2050 between 50° N–50° S due to GHG-induced reductions in clouds and ozone, something that is likely not to happen at high latitudes, where DNA-active UV radiation will continue its downward trend mainly due to stratospheric ozone recovery from the reduction in ODSs.
Chenglong Zhou, Yuzhi Liu, Qingzhe Zhu, Qing He, Tianliang Zhao, Fan Yang, Wen Huo, Xinghua Yang, and Ali Mamtimin
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 5195–5207, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-5195-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-5195-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Based on the radiosonde observations, an anomalously warm layer is measured at altitudes between 500 and 300 hPa over the Tarim Basin (TB) with an average intensity of 2.53 and 1.39 K in the spring and summer, respectively. The heat contributions of dust to this anomalously warm atmospheric layer in spring and summer were 13.77 and 10.25 %, respectively. Topographically, the TB is adjacent to the Tibetan Plateau; we propose the concept of the Tibetan heat source’s northward extension.
Akira Watanabe, Mizuo Kajino, Kazuhiko Ninomiya, Yoshitaka Nagahashi, and Atsushi Shinohara
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 675–692, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-675-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-675-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This study summarizes continuous measurements of surface air concentrations and deposition of radiocesium in Fukushima city over 8 years after the Fukushima nuclear accident. The concentration in the city was high in winter and low in summer (inverse of the forest area). The decreasing trends were much faster in the earlier stage, probably because dissolved cesium discharged faster from the local environment. Biotite might play a key role in circulation of particulate cesium in Fukushima city.
Ilias Fountoulakis, Henri Diémoz, Anna Maria Siani, Alcide di Sarra, Daniela Meloni, and Damiano M. Sferlazzo
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 18689–18705, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-18689-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-18689-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The variability and trends of solar spectral UV irradiance have been studied for the periods 1996–2020 (for Rome) and 2006–2020 (for Lampedusa, Rome, and Aosta) with respect to the variability and trends of total ozone and geopotential height. Analyses revealed increasing UV in particular months at all sites, possibly due to decreasing lower-stratospheric ozone (at Rome in 1996–2020) and decreasing attenuation by aerosols and/or clouds (at all stations in 2006–2020).
Marcia Akemi Yamasoe, Nilton Manuel Évora Rosário, Samantha Novaes Santos Martins Almeida, and Martin Wild
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 6593–6603, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-6593-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-6593-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Spatio-temporal disparity to assess global dimming and brightening phenomena has been a critical topic. For instance, few studies addressed surface solar irradiation (SSR) long-term trend in South America. In this study, SSR, sunshine duration (SD) and the diurnal temperature range (DTR) are analysed for São Paulo, Brazil. We found a dimming phase, identified by SSR, SD and DTR, extending till 1983. Then, while SSR is still declining, consistent with cloud increasing, SD and DTR are increasing.
Guoyong Wen, Alexander Marshak, Si-Chee Tsay, Jay Herman, Ukkyo Jeong, Nader Abuhassan, Robert Swap, and Dong Wu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 10477–10491, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-10477-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-10477-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
We combine the ground-based observations and radiative transfer model to quantify the impact of the 2017 solar eclipse on surface shortwave irradiation reduction. We find that the eclipse caused local reductions of time-averaged surface flux of about 379 W m-2 (50 %) and 329 W m-2 (46 %) during the ~ 3 h course of the eclipse at the Casper and Columbia sites, respectively. We estimate that the Moon’s shadow caused a reduction of approximately 7 %–8 % in global average surface broadband SW radiation.
Johannes Stapf, André Ehrlich, Evelyn Jäkel, Christof Lüpkes, and Manfred Wendisch
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 9895–9914, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-9895-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-9895-2020, 2020
Nicholas D. Beres, Deep Sengupta, Vera Samburova, Andrey Y. Khlystov, and Hans Moosmüller
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 6095–6114, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-6095-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-6095-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Brown carbon (BrC) aerosol can be produced by the smoldering combustion of peat, a wildland fuel common at high latitude, often adjacent to the cryosphere. However, little is known about how BrC deposition onto snow changes snow optical and radiative properties. Here, we artificially deposited BrC onto natural snow surfaces, monitored changes of the spectral surface albedo, characterized optical properties of deposited aerosol, and compared to modeled values of albedo and radiative forcing.
Margit Aun, Kaisa Lakkala, Ricardo Sanchez, Eija Asmi, Fernando Nollas, Outi Meinander, Larisa Sogacheva, Veerle De Bock, Antti Arola, Gerrit de Leeuw, Veijo Aaltonen, David Bolsée, Klara Cizkova, Alexander Mangold, Ladislav Metelka, Erko Jakobson, Tove Svendby, Didier Gillotay, and Bert Van Opstal
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 6037–6054, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-6037-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-6037-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
In 2017, new measurements of UV radiation started in Marambio, Antarctica, by the Finnish Meteorological Institute in collaboration with the Argentinian Servicio Meteorológico Nacional. The paper presents the results of UV irradiance measurements from March 2017 to March 2019, and it
compares them with those from 2000–2008 and also with UV measurements at other Antarctic stations. In 2017/2018, below average UV radiation levels were recorded due to favourable ozone and cloud conditions.
Mengqi Liu, Xiangdong Zheng, Jinqiang Zhang, and Xiangao Xia
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 4415–4426, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-4415-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-4415-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
This study uses 1 min radiation and lidar measurements at three stations over the Tibetan Plateau (TP) to parametrize downward longwave radiation (DLR) during summer months. Clear-sky DLR can be estimated from the best parametrization with a RMSE of 3.8 W m-2 and R2 > 0.98. Additionally cloud base height under overcast conditions is shown to play an important role in cloudy DLR parametrization, which is considered in the locally calibrated parametrization over the TP for the first time.
Stephan Nyeki, Stefan Wacker, Christine Aebi, Julian Gröbner, Giovanni Martucci, and Laurent Vuilleumier
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 13227–13241, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-13227-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-13227-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
The trends of meteorological parameters and surface downward shortwave radiation (DSR) and downward longwave radiation (DLR) were analysed at four stations (between 370 and 3580 m a. s. l.) in Switzerland for the 1996–2015 period. Trends in DSR and DLR were positive during cloudy as well as clear conditions. The trend due to the influence of clouds decreased in magnitude, which implies a reduction in cloud cover and/or a change towards a different cloud type over the four Swiss sites.
Christophe Bellisario, Helen E. Brindley, Simon F. B. Tett, Rolando Rizzi, Gianluca Di Natale, Luca Palchetti, and Giovanni Bianchini
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 7927–7937, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-7927-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-7927-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
We explore the possibility of inferring far-infrared downwelling radiances from mid-infrared observations to better constrain radiation schemes in climate models. Our results imply that while it is feasible to use this type of approach, the quality of the extension will be strongly dependent on the noise characteristics of the observations and on the accurate characterisation of the atmospheric state.
Germar Bernhard and Boyan Petkov
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 4703–4719, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-4703-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-4703-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Solar radiation at ultraviolet, visible, and infrared wavelengths was measured during the total solar eclipse of 21 August 2017. Data were used to study the wavelength-dependent changes of solar radiation at Earth’s surface and to validate parameterizations of solar limb darkening (LD), which describes the change in the Sun’s brightness between its center and its edge. The study highlights the importance of the LD effect when calculating total ozone and aerosol optical depth during an eclipse.
Kaisa Lakkala, Alberto Redondas, Outi Meinander, Laura Thölix, Britta Hamari, Antonio Fernando Almansa, Virgilio Carreno, Rosa Delia García, Carlos Torres, Guillermo Deferrari, Hector Ochoa, Germar Bernhard, Ricardo Sanchez, and Gerrit de Leeuw
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 16019–16031, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-16019-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-16019-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Solar UV irradiances were measured at Ushuaia (54° S) and Marambio (64° S) during 2000–2013. The measurements were part of the Antarctic NILU-UV network, which was maintained as a cooperation between Spain, Argentina and Finland. The time series of the network were analysed for the first time in this study. At both stations maximum UV indices and daily doses were measured when spring-time ozone loss episodes occurred. The maximum UV index was 13 and 12 in Ushuaia and Marambio, respectively.
Chunlüe Zhou, Yanyi He, and Kaicun Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 8113–8136, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-8113-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-8113-2018, 2018
Pamela Trisolino, Alcide di Sarra, Fabrizio Anello, Carlo Bommarito, Tatiana Di Iorio, Daniela Meloni, Francesco Monteleone, Giandomenico Pace, Salvatore Piacentino, and Damiano Sferlazzo
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 7985–8000, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-7985-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-7985-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
The long-term (2002–2016) variability of global and diffuse PAR over the central Mediterranean is investigated based on measurements from Lampedusa. PAR modulates biological processes and this study provides useful insight into its variability. Seasonal and interannual variability of global and diffuse PAR is characterized and the effects of clouds are quantified. The analysis suggests that 77 % of the global PAR interannual variability may be ascribed to clouds.
Stelios Kazadzis, Dimitra Founda, Basil E. Psiloglou, Harry Kambezidis, Nickolaos Mihalopoulos, Arturo Sanchez-Lorenzo, Charikleia Meleti, Panagiotis I. Raptis, Fragiskos Pierros, and Pierre Nabat
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 2395–2411, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-2395-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-2395-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
The National Observatory of Athens has been collecting solar radiation, sunshine duration, and cloud and visibility data/observations since the beginning of the 20th century. In this work we present surface solar radiation data since 1953 and reconstructed data since 1900. We have attempted to show and discuss the long-term changes in solar surface radiation over Athens, Greece, using these unique datasets.
Janusz W. Krzyścin and Piotr S. Sobolewski
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 1–11, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-1-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-1-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Maintaining homogeneity of long-term UV time series taken from various instruments and thus trend estimation are challenging tasks, especially for remote Arctic sites.
Highlights: method of the UV data homogenization is proposed to be used at any remote site. Past UV data built from satellite total O3 and ground-based sunshine duration. Yearly UV doses trendless in the southern Svalbard for 34-year period since 1983. Long-term cloud effects on UV more important than the ozone effects there.
Werner Eugster, Carmen Emmel, Sebastian Wolf, Nina Buchmann, Joseph P. McFadden, and Charles David Whiteman
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 14887–14904, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-14887-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-14887-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
The effects of penumbral shading of the solar eclipse of 20 March 2015 on near-surface meteorology across Switzerland (occultation 65.8–70.1 %) was investigated. Temperature effects at 184 weather stations are compared with temperature drops reported in the literature since 1834. A special focus is, however, put on wind direction effects observed at six flux sites (with 20 Hz data) and 165 meteorological stations (with 10 min resolution data). Results show the importance of local topography.
Axel Kreuter, Mario Blumthaler, Martin Tiefengraber, Richard Kift, and Ann R. Webb
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 14353–14364, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-14353-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-14353-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
We have done measurements of the sky's brightness at the Italian coast and show the influence of the underlying surface: looking towards the land, the sky can be up to 50 % brighter than opposite viewing directions towards the ocean as a result of higher land reflectivity. At low solar elevations, the specular reflection from the ocean, or sun glint, increases the zenith brightness. Understanding these effects requires a 3-D model and is important when retrieving, e.g., aerosol properties.
Reinout Boers, Theo Brandsma, and A. Pier Siebesma
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 8081–8100, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-8081-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-8081-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
In the Netherlands 9 W m−2 more solar radiation falls on the surface today than 50 years ago. Often this increase, which has also been detected in surrounding western Europe, has been attributed to decreasing air pollution due to improved regulatory practices. However, over the Netherlands clouds play an important but ambiguous role. Cloud cover has increased but have become optically thinner as well. Here, the impact of clouds on radiation is in fact more important than that of air pollution.
Jizeng Du, Kaicun Wang, Jiankai Wang, and Qian Ma
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 4931–4944, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-4931-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-4931-2017, 2017
Bomidi Lakshmi Madhavan, Hartwig Deneke, Jonas Witthuhn, and Andreas Macke
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 3317–3338, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-3317-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-3317-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
A method has been introduced to assess the representativeness of the time series of a point measurement compared to results for a larger area centered around the measurement location. This method allows one to determine the optimal accuracy that can be achieved for the validation of satellite products for a given pixel footprint, or the evaluation of an atmospheric model with a given grid-cell resolution.
Colette Brogniez, Frédérique Auriol, Christine Deroo, Antti Arola, Jukka Kujanpää, Béatrice Sauvage, Niilo Kalakoski, Mikko Riku Aleksi Pitkänen, Maxime Catalfamo, Jean-Marc Metzger, Guy Tournois, and Pierre Da Conceicao
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 15049–15074, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-15049-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-15049-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
The atmospheric ozone layer is changing, thus the UV radiation at the surface is changing. Due to both beneficial and adverse effects of UV on the biosphere, monitoring of UV is essential. Satellite sensors provide estimates of UV at the surface with a global coverage. Validation of satellite-sensor UV is therefore needed and this can be done by comparison with ground-based measurements. The present validation in three sites (midlatitude, tropical) shows that OMI and GOME-2 provide reliable UV.
Katsumasa Tanaka, Atsumu Ohmura, Doris Folini, Martin Wild, and Nozomu Ohkawara
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 13969–14001, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-13969-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-13969-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Surface solar radiation observed in Japan generally shows a strong decline until the end of the 1980s and then a recovery up until around 2000. A substantial number of measurement stations are located close to populated areas and are speculated to have been influenced by air pollution. However, data obtained at 14 meteorological observatories suggest that the large decadal variations in surface solar radiation occur on a large scale and not limited to urban areas.
Jianping Guo, Yucong Miao, Yong Zhang, Huan Liu, Zhanqing Li, Wanchun Zhang, Jing He, Mengyun Lou, Yan Yan, Lingen Bian, and Panmao Zhai
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 13309–13319, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-13309-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-13309-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
The large-scale PBL climatology from sounding observations is still lacking in China. This work investigated the BLH characterization at diurnal, monthly and seasonal timescales throughout China, showing large geographic and meteorological dependences. BLH is, on average, negatively (positively) associated with the surface pressure and lower tropospheric stability (wind speed and temperature). Cloud tends to suppress the development of the PBL, which has implications for air quality forecasts.
Veronica Manara, Michele Brunetti, Angela Celozzi, Maurizio Maugeri, Arturo Sanchez-Lorenzo, and Martin Wild
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 11145–11161, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-11145-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-11145-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
This paper presents the temporal evolution of solar radiation over Italy for the 1959–2013 period and discusses possible reasons for differences between all-sky and clear-sky conditions in order to understand which part of the solar radiation variability depends on aerosols or clouds. The results give evidence of a relevant influence of both anthropogenic and natural aerosols on solar radiation long-term variability.
Weidong Guo, Xueqian Wang, Jianning Sun, Aijun Ding, and Jun Zou
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 9875–9890, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-9875-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-9875-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Basic characteristics of land–atmosphere interactions at four neighboring sites with different underlying surfaces in southern China, a typical monsoon region, are analyzed systematically. Despite the same climate background, the differences in land surface characteristics like albedo and aerodynamic roughness length due to land use/cover change exert distinct influences on the surface radiative budget and energy allocation and result in differences of near-surface micrometeorological elements.
Fanny Finger, Frank Werner, Marcus Klingebiel, André Ehrlich, Evelyn Jäkel, Matthias Voigt, Stephan Borrmann, Peter Spichtinger, and Manfred Wendisch
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 7681–7693, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-7681-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-7681-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Solar spectra of optical layer properties of cirrus have been derived from the first truly collocated airborne radiation measurements using an aircraft and a towed sensor platform. The measured layer properties differ slightly due to horizontal cirrus inhomogeneities and the influence of low-level water clouds. Applying a 1-D radiative transfer model sensitivity studies were performed. It was found that if a low-level cloud is not considered, the solar cooling of the cirrus is strongly overestimated.
Gerald M. Lohmann, Adam H. Monahan, and Detlev Heinemann
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 6365–6379, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-6365-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-6365-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Increasing numbers of photovoltaic (PV) power systems call for the characterization of irradiance variability with very high spatiotemporal resolution. We use 1 Hz irradiance data recorded by as many as 99 pyranometers and show mixed sky conditions to differ substantially from clear and overcast skies. For example, the probabilities of strong fluctuations and their respective spatial autocorrelation structures are appreciably distinct under mixed conditions.
John H. Marsham, Douglas J. Parker, Martin C. Todd, Jamie R. Banks, Helen E. Brindley, Luis Garcia-Carreras, Alexander J. Roberts, and Claire L. Ryder
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 3563–3575, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-3563-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-3563-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
The roles of water, clouds and airborne dust in controlling the heating of the Sahara are uncertain, which has major implications for the West African monsoon. Observations from the Fennec project, with satellite data, show that total atmospheric water content provides a far stronger control on total radiative heating than dust does, but dust provides the stronger control on surface heating. Therefore major heating errors in global models are likely due to known errors in water transport.
Adel Imamovic, Katsumasa Tanaka, Doris Folini, and Martin Wild
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 2719–2725, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-2719-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-2719-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Systematic measurements of surface solar radiation revealed a worldwide decrease from the 1960s to the mid-1980s. The role of urbanization for this so called global dimming is still under debate. We developed a set of population-data based urbanization indicators and found no correlation between urbanization and global dimming for Europe and Japan, while an urbanization impact can't be precluded for Asia. It is thus called into question whether the global dimming was mainly a local phenomenon.
Ilias Fountoulakis, Alkiviadis F. Bais, Konstantinos Fragkos, Charickleia Meleti, Kleareti Tourpali, and Melina Maria Zempila
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 2493–2505, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-2493-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-2493-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Short- and long-term variability of spectral UV irradiance at Thessaloniki, Greece, is discussed in association with changes in total ozone column, aerosols and cloudiness. The UV data set from two Brewer spectrophotometers is used for the analysis. For the entire period 1994–2014, positive, statistically significant increases of UV irradiance were found, mainly attributable to changes in aerosols. UV irradiance is mainly increased from 1994 to 2006 and remains relatively stable thereafter.
Costas A. Varotsos, Chris G. Tzanis, and Nicholas V. Sarlis
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 2007–2011, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-2007-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-2007-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
It has been recently reported that the current 2015–2016 El Niño could become "one of the strongest on record". To further explore this claim, we performed a new analysis that allows the detection of precursory signals of the strong El Niño events by using a recently developed non-linear dynamics tool. The analysis of the SOI time series shows that the 2015–2016 El Niño would be rather a "moderate to strong" or even a "strong” event and not "one of the strongest on record", as that of 1997–1998.
X. Guan, J. Huang, R. Guo, H. Yu, P. Lin, and Y. Zhang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 13777–13786, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-13777-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-13777-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
Dynamical adjustment methodology has been applied to the raw surface air temperature and has successfully identified and separated the contribution of dynamically induced temperature (DIT) and radiatively forced temperature (RFT). It found that regional anthropogenic radiative forcing caused the enhanced warming in the semi-arid region, which may be closely associated with local human activities.
C.-M. Gan, J. Pleim, R. Mathur, C. Hogrefe, C. N. Long, J. Xing, D. Wong, R. Gilliam, and C. Wei
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 12193–12209, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-12193-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-12193-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
This study attempts to determine the consequences of the changes in tropospheric aerosol burden arising from substantial reductions in emissions of SO2 and NOx associated with control measures under the Clean Air Act especially on trends in solar radiation. Comparisons of model results with observations of aerosol optical depth, aerosol concentration, and radiation demonstrate that the coupled WRF-CMAQ model is capable of replicating the trends well even though it tends to underestimate the AOD.
G. Bernhard, A. Arola, A. Dahlback, V. Fioletov, A. Heikkilä, B. Johnsen, T. Koskela, K. Lakkala, T. Svendby, and J. Tamminen
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 7391–7412, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-7391-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-7391-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
Surface erythemal UV data from the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) are validated for high northern latitudes (Arctic and Scandinavia) using ground-based measurements. The bias in OMI data caused by incorrect assumptions of the surface albedo are quantified and the mechanism that causes this bias is discussed. Methods to improve the accuracy of OMI data products are presented.
S. R. Wilson
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 7337–7349, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-7337-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-7337-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
Measurements of the photolysis rates which drive production of OH from ozone are reported for Cape Grim, a "clean-air" site in the southern midlatitudes. This remote maritime site sits in the Southern Ocean, a region of the globe which is little studied. From the 6 years of data the dependence of this photolysis on solar zenith angle and stratospheric ozone is determined. Included with the reported values is an estimate of the uncertainties in these measurements.
C. A. Varotsos, S. Lovejoy, N. V. Sarlis, C. G. Tzanis, and M. N. Efstathiou
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 7301–7306, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-7301-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-7301-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
Varotsos et al. (Theor. Appl. Climatol., 114, 725–727, 2013) found that the solar ultraviolet (UV) wavelengths exhibit 1/f-type power-law correlations. In this study, we show that the residues of the spectral solar incident flux with respect to the Planck law over a wider range of wavelengths (i.e. UV-visible) have a scaling regime too.
P. Wang, M. Allaart, W. H. Knap, and P. Stammes
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 4131–4144, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-4131-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-4131-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
A green light sensor has been developed at KNMI to measure actinic flux profiles together with an ozonesonde. The impact of clouds on the actinic flux is clearly detected. Good agreement is found between the DAK-simulated actinic flux profiles and the observations for single-layer clouds in fully overcast scenes. The instrument is suitable for operational balloon measurements because of its simplicity and low cost.
V. De Bock, H. De Backer, R. Van Malderen, A. Mangold, and A. Delcloo
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 12251–12270, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-12251-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-12251-2014, 2014
A. Kreuter, R. Buras, B. Mayer, A. Webb, R. Kift, A. Bais, N. Kouremeti, and M. Blumthaler
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 5989–6002, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-5989-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-5989-2014, 2014
C.-M. Gan, J. Pleim, R. Mathur, C. Hogrefe, C. N. Long, J. Xing, S. Roselle, and C. Wei
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 1701–1715, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-1701-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-1701-2014, 2014
G. de Boer, M. D. Shupe, P. M. Caldwell, S. E. Bauer, O. Persson, J. S. Boyle, M. Kelley, S. A. Klein, and M. Tjernström
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 427–445, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-427-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-427-2014, 2014
G. Bernhard, A. Dahlback, V. Fioletov, A. Heikkilä, B. Johnsen, T. Koskela, K. Lakkala, and T. Svendby
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 10573–10590, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-10573-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-10573-2013, 2013
O. Meinander, S. Kazadzis, A. Arola, A. Riihelä, P. Räisänen, R. Kivi, A. Kontu, R. Kouznetsov, M. Sofiev, J. Svensson, H. Suokanerva, V. Aaltonen, T. Manninen, J.-L. Roujean, and O. Hautecoeur
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 3793–3810, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-3793-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-3793-2013, 2013
M. Antón, L. Alados-Arboledas, J. L. Guerrero-Rascado, M. J. Costa, J. C Chiu, and F. J. Olmo
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 11723–11732, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-11723-2012, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-11723-2012, 2012
Cited articles
Alados-Arboledas, L., Alados, I., Foyo-Moreno, I., Olmo, F. J., and
Alcántara, A.: The influence of clouds on surface UV erythemal
irradiance, Atmos. Res., 66, 273–290, 2003.
Ambaum, M. H., Hoskins, B. J., and Stephenson, D. B.: Arctic Oscillation or
North Atlantic Oscillation?, J. Climate, 14, 3495–3507, 2001.
Anav, A., Moriconi, M. L., Giannoccolo, S., and DiMeno, M.: Field
measurements of the global UV-B radiation: a comparison between a broad-band
radiometer and a Brewer spectrophotometer, Il Nuovo Cimento, 19, 505–516,
1996.
Bais. A. F., McKenzie, R. L., Bernhard, G., Aucamp, P. J., Ilyas, M.,
Madronich, S., and Tourpali, K.: Ozone depletion and climate change: impacts
on UV radiation, Photochem. Photobiol. Sci., 14, 19–52, 2015.
Bilbao, J., Román, R., de Miguel, A., and Mateos, D.: Long-term solar
erythemal UV irradiance data reconstruction in Spain using a semiempirical
method, J. Geophys. Res., 116, D22211, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011JD015836, 2011.
Blumthaler, M. and Ambach, W.: Solar UV-B albedo of various surfaces,
Photochem. Photobiol., 48, 85–88, 1988.
Caldwell, M. M., Bornman, J. F., Ballaré, C. L., Flint, S. D., and
Kulandaivelu, G.: Terrestrial ecosystems, increased solar ultraviolet
radiation, and interactions with other climate change factors, Photochem.
Photobiol. Sci., 6, 252–266, 2007.
Chiacchio, M. and Wild, M.: Influence of NAO and clouds on long-term seasonal
variations of surface solar radiation in Europe, J. Geophys. Res., 115,
D00D22, https://doi.org/10.1029/2009JD012182, 2010.
Cleveland, W. S.: Robust locally weighted regression and smoothing
scatterplots, J. Am. Stat. Assoc., 368, 829–836, 1979.
De Bock, V., De Backer, H., Van Malderen, R., Mangold, A., and Delcloo, A.:
Relations between erythemal UV dose, global solar radiation, total ozone
column and aerosol optical depth at Uccle, Belgium, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14,
12251–12270, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-12251-2014, 2014.
Dee, D. P., Uppala, S. M., Simmons, A. J., Berrisford, P., Poli, P.,
Kobayashi, S., Andrae, U., Balmaseda, M. A., Balsamo, G., Bauer, P.,
Bechtold, P., Beljaars, A. C. M., van de Berg, L., Bidlot, J., Bormann, N.,
Delsol, C., Dragani, R., Fuentes, M., Geer, A. J., Haimberger, L., Healy, S.
B., Hersbach, H., Hólm, E. V., Isaksen, L., Kållberg, P.,
Köhler, M., Matricardi, M., McNally, A. P., Monge-Sanz, B. M.,
Morcrette, J.-J., Park, B.-K., Peubey, C., de Rosnay, P., Tavolato, C.,
Thépaut, J.-N., and Vitart, F.: The ERA-Interim reanalysis:
configuration and performance of the data assimilation system, Q. J. Roy.
Meteor. Soc., 137, 553–597, 2011.
Den Outer, P. N., Slaper, H., Kaurola, J., Lindfors, A., Kazantzidis, A.,
Bais, A. F., Feister, U., Junk, J., Janouch, M., and Josefsson, W.:
Reconstructing of erythemal ultraviolet radiation levels in Europe for the
past 4 decades, J. Geophys. Res., 115, D10102, https://doi.org/10.1029/2009JD012827,
2010.
De Paula Corrêa, M. and Ceballos, J. C.: UVB surface albedo measurements
using biometers, Rev. Bras. Geof., 26, 411–416, 2008.
Diffey, B. L.: Solar ultraviolet radiation effects on biological systems,
Phys. Med. Biol., 36, 299–328, 1991.
Farman, J. C., Gardiner, B. G., and Shanklin, J. D.: Large losses of total
ozone in Antarctica reveal seasonal ClOx ∕ NOx interaction,
Nature, 315, 207–210, 1985.
Feister, U. and Grewe, R.: Spectral albedo measurements in the UV and
visible region over different types of surfaces, Photochem. Photobiol., 62,
736–744, 1995.
Gardiner, B. G., Webb, A. R., Bais, A. F., Blumthaler, M., Dirmhirn, I.,
Forster, P., Gillotay, D., Henriksen, K., Huber, M., Kirsch, P. J., Simon,
P. C., Svenoe, T., Weihs, P., and Zerefos, C. S.: European intercomparison
of ultraviolet spectroradiometers, Environ. Technol., 14, 25–43, 1993.
Hadzimustafic, J., Simic, S., and Fitzka, M.: UV-Radiation in the Past:
Reconstruction and Long-term Changes in Austria, AIP Conf. Proc., 1531,
868–871, 2013.
Harris, N. R. P., Kyrö, E., Staehelin, J., Brunner, D., Andersen, S.-B.,
Godin-Beekmann, S., Dhomse, S., Hadjinicolaou, P., Hansen, G., Isaksen, I.,
Jrrar, A., Karpetchko, A., Kivi, R., Knudsen, B., Krizan, P., Lastovicka, J.,
Maeder, J., Orsolini, Y., Pyle, J. A., Rex, M., Vanicek, K., Weber, M.,
Wohltmann, I., Zanis, P., and Zerefos, C.: Ozone trends at northern mid- and
high latitudes – a European perspective, Ann. Geophys., 26, 1207–1220,
https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-26-1207-2008, 2008.
Harris, N. R. P., Lehmann, R., Rex, M., and von der Gathen, P.: A closer look
at Arctic ozone loss and polar stratospheric clouds, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10,
8499–8510, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-8499-2010, 2010.
Harvey, V. L., Pierce, R. B., Fairlie, T. D., and Hitchman, M. H.: A
climatology of stratospheric polar vortices and anticyclones, J. Geophys.
Res., 107, 4442, https://doi.org/10.1029/2001JD001471, 2002.
Herman, J. R.: Global increase in UV irradiance during the past 30 years
(1979–2008) estimated from satellite data, J. Geophys. Res., 115, D04203,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2009JD012219, 2010.
Hofmann, D. J., Johnson, B. J., and Oltmans, S. J.: Twenty-two years of
ozonesonde measurements at the South Pole, Int. J. Remote Sens., 30,
3995–4008, 2009.
Hood, L. L. and Soukharev, B. E.: Interannual variation of total ozone at
northern midlatitudes correlated with stratospheric EP flux and potential
vorticity, J. Atmos. Sci., 62, 3724–3740, 2005.
Hülsen, G., Gröbner, J., Bais, A., Blumthaler, M., Disterhoft, P.,
Johnsen, B., Lantz, K. O., Meleti, C., Schreder, J., Vilaplana Guerrero, J.
M., and Ylianttila, L.: Intercomparison of erythemal broadband radiometers
calibrated by seven UV calibration facilities in Europe and the USA, Atmos.
Chem. Phys., 8, 4865–4875, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-8-4865-2008, 2008.
Hurrell, J. W.: Decadal Trends in the North Atlantic Oscillation: Regional
Temperatures and Precipitation, Science, 269, 676–679, 1995.
Iglesias-Suarez, F., Young, P. J., and Wild, O.: Stratospheric ozone change
and related climate impacts over 1850–2100 as modelled by the ACCMIP
ensemble, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 343–363,
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-343-2016, 2016.
Kalnay, E., Kanamitsu, M., Kistler, R., Collins, W., Deaven, D., Gandin, L.,
Iredell, M., Saha, S., White, G., Woollen, J., Zhu, Y., Chelliah, M.,
Ebisuzaki, W., Higgins, W., Janowiak, J., Mo, K. C., Ropelewski, C., Wang,
J., Leetmaa, A., Reynolds, R., Jenne, R., and Joseph, D.: The NCEP/NCAR
40-year reanalysis project, B. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 77, 437–470, 1996.
Kerr, J. B.: Understanding the factors that affect surface ultraviolet
radiation, Opt. Eng., 44, 041002, https://doi.org/10.1117/1.1886817, 2005.
Kirchner, I. and Peters, D.: Modelling the wintertime response to upper
tropospheric and lower stratospheric ozone anomalies over the North Atlantic
and Europe, Ann. Geophys., 21, 2107–2118,
https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-21-2107-2003, 2003.
Krüger, O. and Graßl, H.: The indirect aerosol effect over Europe,
Geophys. Res. Lett., 29, 1925, https://doi.org/10.1029/2001GL014081, 2002.
Krzyscin, J. W. and Borkowski, J. L.: Variability of the total ozone trend
over Europe for the period 1950–2004 derived from reconstructed data, Atmos.
Chem. Phys., 8, 2847–2857, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-8-2847-2008, 2008.
Krzyścin, J. W. and Rajewska-Więch, B.: Specific variability of total
ozone over Central Europe during spring and summer in the period 1979–2014,
Int. J. Climatol., 35, 1–11, 2015.
Krzyścin, J. W., Degórska, M., and Rajewska-Więch, B.: Seasonal
acceleration of the rate of total ozone decreases over Central Europe: impact
of tropopause height changes, J. Atmos. Sol.-Terr. Phy., 60, 1755–1762,
1998.
Krzyscin, J. W., Eerme, K., and Janouch, M.: Long-term variations of the UV-B
radiation over Central Europe as derived from the reconstructed UV time
series, Ann. Geophys., 22, 1473–1485,
https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-22-1473-2004, 2004.
Krzyścin, J. W., Sobolewski, P. S., Jarosławski, J., Podgórski,
J., and Rajewska-Więch, B.: Erythemal UV observations at Belsk, Poland,
in the period 1976–2008: data homogenization, climatology, and trends, Acta
Geophys., 59, 155–182, 2011.
Lindfors, A., Kaurola, J., Arola, A., Koskela, T., Lakkala, K., Josefsson,
W., Olseth, J. A., and Johnsen, B.: A method for reconstruction of past UV
radiation based on radiative transfer modeling: Applied to four stations in
northern Europe, J. Geophys. Res., 112, D23201, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007JD008454,
2007.
Lucas, R., McMichael, T., Smith, W., and Armstrong, B.: Solar ultraviolet
radiation: Global burden of disease from solar ultraviolet radiation, World
Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland, 2006.
Mayer, B. and Kylling, A.: Technical note: The libRadtran software package
for radiative transfer calculations – description and examples of use,
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 5, 1855–1877, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-5-1855-2005,
2005.
McKinlay, A. F. and Diffey, B. L.: A reference spectrum for ultraviolet
induced erythema in human skin, CIE J., 6, 21–27, 1987.
Orsolini, Y. J. and Limpasuvan, V.: The North Atlantic Oscillation and the
occurrences of ozone miniholes, Geophys. Res. Lett., 28, 4099–4102, 2001.
R Core Team: R: A language and environment for statistical computing, R
Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria, 2014.
Remer, L. A., Kaufman, Y. J., Tanré, D., Mattoo, S., Chu, D. A.,
Martins, J. V., Li, R.-R., Ichoku, C., Levy, R. C., Kleidman, R. G., Eck, T.
F., Vermote, E., and Holben, B. N.: The MODIS aerosol algorithm, products,
and validation, J. Atmos. Sci., 62, 947–973, 2005.
Rieder, H. E., Holawe, F., Simic, S., Blumthaler, M., Krzyscin, J. W.,
Wagner, J. E., Schmalwieser, A. W., and Weihs, P.: Reconstruction of
erythemal UV-doses for two stations in Austria: a comparison between alpine
and urban regions, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 8, 6309–6323,
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-8-6309-2008, 2008.
Rieder, H. E., Staehlin, J., Weihs, P., Vuilleumier, L., Maeder, J. A.,
Holawe, F., Blumthaler, M., Lindfors, A., Peter, T., Simic, S., Spichtinger,
P., Wagner, J. E., Walker, D., and Ribatet, M.: Relationship between high
daily erythemal UV doses, total ozone, surface albedo and cloudiness: An
analysis of 30 years of data from Switzerland and Austria, Atmos. Res., 90,
9–20, 2010.
Schnadt, C. and Dameris, M.: Relationship between North Atlantic Oscillation
changes and stratospheric ozone recovery in the Northern Hemisphere in a
chemistry-climate model, Geophys. Res. Lett., 30, 1487,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2003GL017006, 2003.
Schwander, H., Koepke, P., Kaifel, A., and Seckmeyer, G.: Modification of
spectral UV irradiance by clouds, J. Geophys. Res., 107, AAC 7-1–AAC 7-12,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2001JD001297, 2002.
Seckmeyer, G., Pisulla, D., Glandorf, M., Henriques, D., Johnsen, B., Webb,
A., Siani, A. M., Bais, A. F., Kjeldstad, B., Brogniez, C., Lenoble, J.,
Gardiner, B., Kirsch, P., Koskela, T., Kaurola, J., Uhlmann, B., Slaper, H.,
de la Casiniere, A., Simic, S., and Carvalho, F.: Variability of UV
irradiance in Europe, Photochem. Photobiol., 84, 172–179, 2008.
Solomon, S., Portmann, R. W., Sanders, R. W., and Daniel, J. S.: Absorption
of solar radiation by water vapor, oxygen, and related collision pairs in
the Earth's atmosphere, J. Geophys. Res., 103, 3847–3858, 1998.
Stick, C., Krüger, K., Schade, N. H., Sandmann, H., and Macke, A.: Episode of
unusual high solar ultraviolet radiation over central Europe due to dynamical
reduced total ozone in May 2005, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 6, 1771–1776,
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-6-1771-2006, 2006.
Storch, H. von and Zwiers, F. W.: Statistical Analysis in Climate Research,
Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, 1999.
Thompson, D. W. J. and Wallace, J. M.: The Arctic Oscillation signature in
the wintertime geopotential height and temperature fields, Geophys. Res.
Lett., 25, 1297–1300, 1998.
Trepte, S. and Winkler, P.: Reconstruction of erythemal UV irradiance and
dose at Hohenpeissenberg (1968–2001) considering trends of total ozone,
cloudiness and turbidity, Theor. Appl. Climatol., 77, 159–171, 2004.
Vallis, G. K., Gerber, E. P., Kushner, P. J., and Cash, B. A.: A Mechanism
and Simple Dynamical Model of the North Atlantic Oscillation and Annual
Modes, J. Atmos. Sci., 61, 264–280, 2004.
Vaníček, K.: Solar and Ozone Observatory Hradec Králové
1951–2001, Czech Hydrometeorological Institute, Prague, Czech Republic,
2001.
Vaníček, K.: Calibration history of the Dobson D074 and Brewer B098
Ozone Spectrophotometers, Czech Hydrometeorological Institute, Prague, Czech
Republic, 2002.
Vaníček, K., Metelka, L., Skřivánková, P., and
Staněk, M.: Long-term changes of the ozone layer over the Czech
Republic, Czech Hydrometeorological Institute, Prague, Czech Republic, 2012.
Vaníček, K., Dubrovská, I., Metelka, L., and Pokorný, J.:
Measurements of radiation balance components and long-term global solar
radiation changes in the Czech Republic, Czech Hydrometeorological
Institute, Prague, Czech Republic, 2015.
Wallace, J. M. and Gutzler, D. S.: Teleconnections in the Geopotential
Height Field during the Northern Hemisphere Winter, Mon. Weather Rev., 109,
784–812, 1981.
Wibig, J.: Cloudiness variations in Łódź in the second half of the
20th century, Int. J. Climatol., 28, 479–491, 2008.
World Meteorological Organization (WMO): Guide to Meteorological Instruments
and Methods of Observation, No. 8, World Meteorological Organization, 8th
Edn., 2014.
Ziemke, J. R., Chandra, S., Herman, J., and Varotsos, C.: Erythemally
weighted UV trends over northern latitudes derived from Nimbus 7 TOMS
measurements, J. Geophys. Res., 105, 7373–7382, 2000.
Zvyagintsev, A. M., Vargin, P. N., and Peshin, S.: Total ozone variations
and trends during the period 1979–2014, Atmos. Ocean. Opt., 28, 575–584,
2015.
Short summary
In order to broaden the knowledge of long-term UV radiation variability, we have reconstructed and analyzed a 50-year-long UV radiation time series from Hradec Králové, Czech Republic. The UV radiation intensities increased greatly following the decline of ozone amounts in the 1980s and 1990s. High UV radiation doses were observed in days with low ozone amounts, clear or partly cloudy skies, or snow cover.
In order to broaden the knowledge of long-term UV radiation variability, we have reconstructed...
Special issue
Altmetrics
Final-revised paper
Preprint