Articles | Volume 23, issue 14
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-8305-2023
© Author(s) 2023. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-8305-2023
© Author(s) 2023. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
25 Jul 2023
Research article |
| 25 Jul 2023
| 25 Jul 2023
Impact of fossil and non-fossil fuel sources on the molecular compositions of water-soluble humic-like substances in PM2.5 at a suburban site of Yangtze River Delta, China
Mengying Bao
School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
Atmospheric Environment Center, Joint Laboratory for International Cooperation on Climate and Environmental Change, Ministry of Education (ILCEC), Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
Huzhou Meteorological Administration, Huzhou 313300, China
School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
Atmospheric Environment Center, Joint Laboratory for International Cooperation on Climate and Environmental Change, Ministry of Education (ILCEC), Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
Fang Cao
School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
Atmospheric Environment Center, Joint Laboratory for International Cooperation on Climate and Environmental Change, Ministry of Education (ILCEC), Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
Yihang Hong
School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
Atmospheric Environment Center, Joint Laboratory for International Cooperation on Climate and Environmental Change, Ministry of Education (ILCEC), Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
Yu-Chi Lin
School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
Atmospheric Environment Center, Joint Laboratory for International Cooperation on Climate and Environmental Change, Ministry of Education (ILCEC), Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
Mingyuan Yu
School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
Atmospheric Environment Center, Joint Laboratory for International Cooperation on Climate and Environmental Change, Ministry of Education (ILCEC), Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
Hongxing Jiang
State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong province Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
CAS Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
Zhineng Cheng
State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong province Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
CAS Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
Rongshuang Xu
School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
Atmospheric Environment Center, Joint Laboratory for International Cooperation on Climate and Environmental Change, Ministry of Education (ILCEC), Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
Xiaoying Yang
School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
Atmospheric Environment Center, Joint Laboratory for International Cooperation on Climate and Environmental Change, Ministry of Education (ILCEC), Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
Related authors
No articles found.
Tong Sha, Siyu Yang, Qingcai Chen, Liangqing Li, Xiaoyan Ma, Yan-Lin Zhang, Zhaozhong Feng, K. Folkert Boersma, and Jun Wang
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-359, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-359, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
By using an updated soil reactive nitrogen emission scheme in the UI-WRF-Chem model, we investigate the underappreciated role of soil NO and HONO (Nr) emissions on air quality and temperature rise in North China. The significant contributions of soil Nr emissions to O3 and secondary pollutants, exceeding the effects of soil NOx or HONO emission alone. And soil Nr emissions play an important role in mitigating O3 pollution and addressing climate change.
Yangzhi Mo, Jun Li, Guangcai Zhong, Sanyuan Zhu, Shizhen Zhao, Jiao Tang, Hongxing Jiang, Zhineng Cheng, Chongguo Tian, Yingjun Chen, and Gan Zhang
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-130, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-130, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
In this study, we found that biomass burning (31.0 %) and coal combustion (31.1 %), were the dominant sources of water-insoluble organic carbon in China, with coal combustion sources exhibited the strongest light-absorbing capacity. Additionally, we propose a light-absorbing carbonaceous continuum, revealing that components enriched with fossil sources tend to have stronger light-absorbing capacity, higher aromaticity, higher molecular weights, and greater recalcitrance in the atmosphere.
Tingting Li, Jun Li, Zeyu Sun, Hongxing Jiang, Chongguo Tian, and Gan Zhang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 6395–6407, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-6395-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-6395-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
N-NH4+ and N-NO3- were vital components in nitrogenous aerosols and contributed 69 % to total nitrogen in PM2.5. Coal combustion was still the most important source of urban atmospheric NO3-. However, the non-agriculture sources play an increasingly important role in NH4+ emissions.
Jiao Tang, Jun Li, Shizhen Zhao, Guangcai Zhong, Yangzhi Mo, Hongxing Jiang, Bin Jiang, Yingjun Chen, Jianhui Tang, Chongguo Tian, Zheng Zong, Jabir Hussain Syed, Jianzhong Song, and Gan Zhang
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-403, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-403, 2023
Preprint archived
Short summary
Short summary
This study provides a comprehensive molecular identification of atmospheric common fluorescent components and deciphers their related formation pathways. The fluorescent components varied in molecular composition, and a dominant oxidation pathway for the formation of humic-like fluorescent components was suggested, notwithstanding their different precursor types. Our findings are expected to be helpful to further studies using the EEM-PARAFAC as a tool to study atmospheric BrC.
Hao-Ran Yu, Yan-Lin Zhang, Fang Cao, Xiao-Ying Yang, Tian Xie, Yu-Xian Zhang, and Yongwen Xue
Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2022-239, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2022-239, 2022
Preprint withdrawn
Short summary
Short summary
We developed a high time resolution method for determining the δ13C values of WSOCp and WSOCg by combination of wet oxidation pretreatment and IRMS. With improvement of oxidation method and determination method, δ13C value of liquid sample with a carbon content between 0.5 to 5 μg can be determined with an accuracy of 0.6 ‰. Using this method, the δ13C value of WSOCp and WSOCg in winter of 2021 at an urban site of Nanjing were determined, which were -25.9 ± 0.7 ‰ and -29.9 ± 0.9 ‰ respectively.
Xipeng Jin, Xuhui Cai, Mingyuan Yu, Yu Song, Xuesong Wang, Hongsheng Zhang, and Tong Zhu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 11409–11427, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-11409-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-11409-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Meteorological discontinuities in the vertical direction define the lowest atmosphere as the boundary layer, while in the horizontal direction it identifies the contrast zone as the internal boundary. Both of them determine the polluted air mass dimension over the North China Plain. This study reveals the boundary layer structures under three categories of internal boundaries, modified by thermal, dynamical, and blending effects. It provides a new insight to understand regional pollution.
Hongxing Jiang, Jun Li, Jiao Tang, Min Cui, Shizhen Zhao, Yangzhi Mo, Chongguo Tian, Xiangyun Zhang, Bin Jiang, Yuhong Liao, Yingjun Chen, and Gan Zhang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 6919–6935, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-6919-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-6919-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We conducted field observation employing Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry to characterize the molecular composition and major formation pathways or sources of organosulfur compounds in Guangzhou, where is heavily influenced by biogenic–anthropogenic interactions and has high relative humidity and temperature. We suggested that heterogeneous reactions such as SO2 uptake and heterogeneous oxidations are important to the molecular variations of organosulfur compounds.
Jiyan Wu, Chi Yang, Chunyan Zhang, Fang Cao, Aiping Wu, and Yanlin Zhang
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 15, 2623–2633, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-2623-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-2623-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We introduced an online method to simultaneously determine the content of inorganic salt ions and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in PM2.5 hour by hour. We verified the accuracy and precision of the instrument. And we got the daily changes in ROS and the main sources that affect ROS. This breakthrough enables the quantitative assessment of atmospheric particulate matter ROS at the diurnal scale, providing an effective tool to study sources and environmental impacts of ROS.
Md. Mozammel Haque, Yanlin Zhang, Srinivas Bikkina, Meehye Lee, and Kimitaka Kawamura
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 1373–1393, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-1373-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-1373-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We attempt to understand the current state of East Asian organic aerosols with both the molecular marker approach and 14° C data of carbonaceous components. A significant positive correlation of nonfossil- and fossil-derived organic carbon with levoglucosan suggests the importance of biomass burning (BB) and coal combustion sources in the East Asian outflow. Thus, attribution of ambient levoglucosan levels over the western North Pacific to the impact of BB emission may cause large uncertainty.
Ahsan Mozaffar, Yan-Lin Zhang, Yu-Chi Lin, Feng Xie, Mei-Yi Fan, and Fang Cao
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 18087–18099, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-18087-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-18087-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We performed a long-term investigation of ambient volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in an industrial area in Nanjing, China. Followed by alkanes, halocarbons and aromatics were the most abundant VOC groups. Vehicle-related emissions were the major VOC sources in the study area. Aromatic and alkene VOCs were responsible for most of the atmospheric reactions.
Jiao Tang, Jiaqi Wang, Guangcai Zhong, Hongxing Jiang, Yangzhi Mo, Bolong Zhang, Xiaofei Geng, Yingjun Chen, Jianhui Tang, Congguo Tian, Surat Bualert, Jun Li, and Gan Zhang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 11337–11352, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-11337-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-11337-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
This article provides a combined EEM–PARAFAC and statistical analysis method to explore how excitation–emission matrix (EEM) chromophores influence BrC light absorption in soluble organic matter. The application enables us to deduce that BrC absorption is mainly dependent on longer-emission-wavelength chromophores largely associated with biomass burning emissions. This method promotes the application of EEM spectroscopy and helps us understand the light absorption of BrC in the atmosphere.
Mengying Bao, Yan-Lin Zhang, Fang Cao, Yu-Chi Lin, Yuhang Wang, Xiaoyan Liu, Wenqi Zhang, Meiyi Fan, Feng Xie, Robert Cary, Joshua Dixon, and Lihua Zhou
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 14, 4053–4068, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-4053-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-4053-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We introduce a two-wavelength method for brown C measurements with a modified Sunset carbon analyzer. We defined the enhanced concentrations and gave the possibility of providing an indicator of brown C. Compared with the strong local sources of organic and elemental C, we found that differences in EC mainly originated from regional transport. Biomass burning emissions significantly contributed to high differences in EC concentrations during the heavy biomass burning periods.
Yunhua Chang, Yan-Lin Zhang, Sawaeng Kawichai, Qian Wang, Martin Van Damme, Lieven Clarisse, Tippawan Prapamontol, and Moritz F. Lehmann
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 7187–7198, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-7187-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-7187-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
In this study, we integrated satellite constraints on atmospheric NH3 levels and fire intensity, discrete NH3 concentration measurement, and N isotopic analysis of NH3 in order to assess the regional-scale contribution of biomass burning to ambient atmospheric NH3 in the heartland of Southeast Asia. The combined approach provides a valuable cross-validation framework for source apportioning of NH3 in the lower atmosphere and will thus help to ameliorate predictions of biomass burning emissions.
Qingcai Chen, Haoyao Sun, Wenhuai Song, Fang Cao, Chongguo Tian, and Yan-Lin Zhang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 14407–14417, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-14407-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-14407-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
This study found environmentally persistent free radicals (EPFRs) are widely present in atmospheric particles of different particle sizes and exhibit significant particle size distribution characteristics. EPFR concentrations are higher in coarse particles than in fine particles in summer and vice versa in winter. The potential toxicity caused by EPFRs may also vary with particle size and season. Combustion is the most important source of EPFRs (>70 %).
Tong Sha, Xiaoyan Ma, Jun Wang, Rong Tian, Jianqi Zhao, Fang Cao, and Yan-Lin Zhang
Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2020-760, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2020-760, 2020
Preprint withdrawn
Short summary
Short summary
Most numerical models perform poorly on simulating the inorganic chemical components in PM2.5 (sulfate, nitrate, and ammonium (SNA)), generally underestimate sulfate but overestimate nitrate concentrations in haze events. Our work aims at investigating the role of cloud water in simulating SNA. We find that the uncertainties of cloud water can lead to model bias in simulating SNA, and can be reduced by constraining the modeled cloud water with MODIS satellite observations.
Yu-Chi Lin, Yan-Lin Zhang, Mei-Yi Fan, and Mengying Bao
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 3999–4011, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-3999-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-3999-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
(1) Nitrate was a dominant contributing species in water-soluble inorganic ions during the high PM2.5 events in Nanjing.
(2) Nitrate aerosols in Nanjing during the PM2.5 events were mainly produced by hydrolysis of N2O5 in preexisting aerosols under ammonium-rich regimes.
(3) Control in NOx emissions would inhibit production of nitrate aerosols since NH4NO3 formation was HNO3 limited in Nanjing.
Jiao Tang, Jun Li, Tao Su, Yong Han, Yangzhi Mo, Hongxing Jiang, Min Cui, Bin Jiang, Yingjun Chen, Jianhui Tang, Jianzhong Song, Ping'an Peng, and Gan Zhang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 2513–2532, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-2513-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-2513-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
We investigated the light absorption, fluorescence, and molecular composition of dissolved organic carbon from the simulated combustion of biomass and coal and vehicle emissions with UV–vis spectra, EEM-PARAFAC, and FT-ICR MS. We observed high light absorption capacity from source emissions, and fluorescence spectra and molecular structures varied by source. We concluded that an EEM- and molecular-composition-based methodology could be helpful in the source apportionment of atmospheric aerosols.
Can Wu, Gehui Wang, Jin Li, Jianjun Li, Cong Cao, Shuangshuang Ge, Yuning Xie, Jianmin Chen, Xingru Li, Guoyan Xue, Xinpei Wang, Zhuyu Zhao, and Fang Cao
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 2017–2030, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-2017-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-2017-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Brown carbon (BrC), as an important component of aerosol, has attracted wide attention in recent years, yet very limited information on size differences is available. This paper reveals that BrC presented a bimodal pattern and was mainly derived from biomass burning in an interior city of China. Our results are very helpful for readers to comprehensively understand the features of brown carbon in China.
Jun Zhu, Xiangao Xia, Huizheng Che, Jun Wang, Zhiyuan Cong, Tianliang Zhao, Shichang Kang, Xuelei Zhang, Xingna Yu, and Yanlin Zhang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 14637–14656, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-14637-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-14637-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
The long-term temporal–spatial variations of the aerosol optical properties over the Tibetan Plateau (TP) based on the multiple ground-based sun photometer sites and the MODIS product are presented. Besides, the aerosol pollution and aerosol transport processes over the TP are also analyzed by the observations and models. The results in this region could help reduce the assessment uncertainties of aerosol radiative forcing and provide more information on aerosol transportation.
Yunhua Chang, Yan-Lin Zhang, Jiarong Li, Chongguo Tian, Linlin Song, Xiaoyao Zhai, Wenqi Zhang, Tong Huang, Yu-Chi Lin, Chao Zhu, Yunting Fang, Moritz F. Lehmann, and Jianmin Chen
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 12221–12234, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-12221-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-12221-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
The present work underscores the value of cloud water dissolved inorganic nitrogen isotopes as carriers of quantitative information on regional NOx and NH3 emissions. It sheds light on the origin and production pathways of nitrogenous species in clouds and emphasizes the importance of biomass-burning-derived nitrogenous species as cloud condensation nuclei in China’s troposphere. Moreover, it highlights the rapid evolution of NOx emissions in China.
Xiaoyan Liu, Yan-Lin Zhang, Yiran Peng, Lulu Xu, Chunmao Zhu, Fang Cao, Xiaoyao Zhai, M. Mozammel Haque, Chi Yang, Yunhua Chang, Tong Huang, Zufei Xu, Mengying Bao, Wenqi Zhang, Meiyi Fan, and Xuhui Lee
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 11213–11233, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-11213-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-11213-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Although a total ban on straw burning has been enforced in eastern China, the regionally transported biomass burning emissions remarkably impacted the chemical and optical properties of carbonaceous aerosols in Nanjing, which were quantified by a calculation based on measured data and a simulation based on a model. Results showed that regionally transported biomass burning emissions significantly contributed to the carbonaceous aerosols and impacted the solar radiation balance of the atmosphere.
Wenqi Zhang, Yan-Lin Zhang, Fang Cao, Yankun Xiang, Yuanyuan Zhang, Mengying Bao, Xiaoyan Liu, and Yu-Chi Lin
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 11071–11087, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-11071-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-11071-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
A novel method to determine the concentration and the isotopes of WSOC in aerosols is established and applied in the analysis of a severe haze in eastern China. The results show that the studied site is affected by the photochemical aging, biomass burning and dust aerosols in different episodes during the sampling period. The analysis of WSOC and its isotopes offers a great potential to better understand the source emission, the atmospheric aging and the secondary production of WSOC.
Md. Mozammel Haque, Kimitaka Kawamura, Dhananjay K. Deshmukh, Cao Fang, Wenhuai Song, Bao Mengying, and Yan-Lin Zhang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 5147–5164, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-5147-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-5147-2019, 2019
Karl Espen Yttri, David Simpson, Robert Bergström, Gyula Kiss, Sönke Szidat, Darius Ceburnis, Sabine Eckhardt, Christoph Hueglin, Jacob Klenø Nøjgaard, Cinzia Perrino, Ignazio Pisso, Andre Stephan Henry Prevot, Jean-Philippe Putaud, Gerald Spindler, Milan Vana, Yan-Lin Zhang, and Wenche Aas
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 4211–4233, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-4211-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-4211-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Carbonaceous aerosols from natural sources were abundant regardless of season. Residential wood burning (RWB) emissions were occasionally equally as large as or larger than of fossil-fuel sources, depending on season and region. RWB emissions are poorly constrained; thus emissions inventories need improvement. Harmonizing emission factors between countries is likely the most important step to improve model calculations for biomass burning emissions and European PM2.5 concentrations in general.
Yu-Chi Lin, Shih-Chieh Hsu, Chuan-Yao Lin, Shuen-Hsin Lin, Yi-Tang Huang, Yunhua Chang, and Yan-Lin Zhang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 13865–13879, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-13865-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-13865-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
The Asian continent is a well-known big source of airborne As in the North Pacific region. Previously, high As concentrations over the free troposphere in the region have been observed and considered contributions of industrial emissions, especially of coal-combustion. In our study, we proposed a new concept for a potential source of high As over the subtropical free troposphere, that is, BB activities over southern Asia might be an important source of airborne arsenic in the springtime.
Yunhua Chang, Kan Huang, Mingjie Xie, Congrui Deng, Zhong Zou, Shoudong Liu, and Yanlin Zhang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 11793–11812, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-11793-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-11793-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
We continuously performed a one-year and hourly-resolved measurement of 18 atmospheric elements in PM2.5 in Shanghai megacity. Here our high time-resolution observations over a long-term period provide baseline data with high detail, which are of great use for examining acute exposure of morbidity and mortality risk in association with PM2.5 metal species in China's megacities.
Yunhua Chang, Yanlin Zhang, Chongguo Tian, Shichun Zhang, Xiaoyan Ma, Fang Cao, Xiaoyan Liu, Wenqi Zhang, Thomas Kuhn, and Moritz F. Lehmann
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 11647–11661, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-11647-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-11647-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
We demonstrate that it is imperative that future studies, making use of isotope mixing models to gain conclusive constraints on the source partitioning of atmospheric NOx, consider this N isotope fractionation. Future assessments of NOx emissions in China (and elsewhere) should involve simultaneous δ15N and δ18O measurements of atmospheric nitrate and NOx at high spatiotemporal resolution, allowing former N-isotope-based NOx source partitioning estimates to be reevaluated more quantitatively.
Di Liu, Matthias Vonwiller, Jun Li, Junwen Liu, Sönke Szidat, Yanlin Zhang, Chongguo Tian, Yinjun Chen, Zhineng Cheng, Guangcai Zhong, Pingqing Fu, and Gan Zhang
Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2018-295, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2018-295, 2018
Revised manuscript not accepted
Yan-Lin Zhang, Imad El-Haddad, Ru-Jin Huang, Kin-Fai Ho, Jun-Ji Cao, Yongming Han, Peter Zotter, Carlo Bozzetti, Kaspar R. Daellenbach, Jay G. Slowik, Gary Salazar, André S. H. Prévôt, and Sönke Szidat
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 4005–4017, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-4005-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-4005-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Here we present a quantitative source apportionment of WSOC, isolated from aerosols in China using radiocarbon (14C) and offline high-resolution time of flight aerosol mass spectrometer measurements. We demonstrate a dominant contribution of non-fossil emissions to WSOC aerosols in the Northern Hemisphere. However, the fossil fraction is substantially larger in aerosols from East Asia and the east Asian pollution outflow, especially during winter, due to increasing coal combustion.
Di Liu, Jun Li, Zhineng Cheng, Guangcai Zhong, Sanyuan Zhu, Ping Ding, Chengde Shen, Chongguo Tian, Yingjun Chen, Guorui Zhi, and Gan Zhang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 11491–11502, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-11491-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-11491-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
To elucidate the carbon sources of air pollution, source apportionment was conducted using radiocarbon and unique molecular organic tracers during the beginning of winter 2013 in 10 Chinese cities. The results indicated that non-fossil-fuel (NF) emissions were predominant. During haze episodes, there were no dramatic changes in the carbon source or composition in the cities under study, but the contribution of primary OC from both fossil fuel and NF increased significantly.
Yunhua Chang, Congrui Deng, Fang Cao, Chang Cao, Zhong Zou, Shoudong Liu, Xuhui Lee, Jun Li, Gan Zhang, and Yanlin Zhang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 9945–9964, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-9945-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-9945-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
This paper presents the results from a 5-year and near-real-time measurement study of carbonaceous aerosols in PM2.5 conducted at an urban site in Shanghai. Moreover, we integrated the results from historical field measurements and satellite observations, concluding that carbonaceous aerosol pollution in Shanghai has gradually reduced since 2006. This can be largely explained by the introduction of air-cleaning measures such as controlling vehicular emissions.
Peter Zotter, Hanna Herich, Martin Gysel, Imad El-Haddad, Yanlin Zhang, Griša Močnik, Christoph Hüglin, Urs Baltensperger, Sönke Szidat, and André S. H. Prévôt
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 4229–4249, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-4229-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-4229-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
Most studies use a single Ångström exponent for wood burning (αWB) and traffic (αTR) emissions in the Aethalometer model, used for source apportionment of black carbon, derived from previous work. However, accurate determination of the α values is currently lacking. Comparing radiocarbon measurements (14C) with the Aehtalometer model, good agreement was found, indicating that the Aethalometer model reproduces reasonably well the 14C results using our best estimate of a single αWB and αTR.
Yan-Lin Zhang, Kimitaka Kawamura, Ping Qing Fu, Suresh K. R. Boreddy, Tomomi Watanabe, Shiro Hatakeyama, Akinori Takami, and Wei Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 6407–6419, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-6407-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-6407-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Here, based on three aircraft measurements over East Asia, we demonstrate an aqueous-phase mechanism for enhanced SOA production in the troposphere following correlation analysis of oxalic acid in tropospheric aerosols with other measured chemical variables including its precursors and its intermediate as well as biogenic-derived SOA from isoprene, monoterpenes and β-caryophyllene.
Junwen Liu, Jun Li, Di Liu, Ping Ding, Chengde Shen, Yangzhi Mo, Xinming Wang, Chunling Luo, Zhineng Cheng, Sönke Szidat, Yanlin Zhang, Yingjun Chen, and Gan Zhang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 2985–2996, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-2985-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-2985-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Many Chinese cities now are suffering the high loadings of fine particular matters, which can bring a lot of negative impacts on air quality, human health, and the climate system. The Chinese government generally focuses on the control of the emissions from vehicles and industry. Our results evidently show that the burning of biomass materials such as wood and agricultural residues can lead to the urban air pollution in China. The characteristic of haze covering China is distinct from regions.
K. R. Daellenbach, C. Bozzetti, A. Křepelová, F. Canonaco, R. Wolf, P. Zotter, P. Fermo, M. Crippa, J. G. Slowik, Y. Sosedova, Y. Zhang, R.-J. Huang, L. Poulain, S. Szidat, U. Baltensperger, I. El Haddad, and A. S. H. Prévôt
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 9, 23–39, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-9-23-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-9-23-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
In this study, we developed an offline technique using the AMS for the characterization of the chemical fingerprints of aerosols collected on quartz filters, and evaluated the suitability of the organic mass spectral data for source apportionment. This technique may be used to enhance the AMS capabilities in measuring size-fractionated, spatially resolved long-term data sets.
G. O. Mouteva, S. M. Fahrni, G. M. Santos, J. T. Randerson, Y.-L. Zhang, S. Szidat, and C. I. Czimczik
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 8, 3729–3743, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-8-3729-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-8-3729-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
We describe a stepwise uncertainty analysis of 14C measurements of organic (OC) and elemental (EC) carbon fractions of aerosols. Using the Swiss_4S thermal-optical protocol with a newly established trapping setup, we show that we can efficiently isolate and trap each carbon fraction and perform 14C analysis of ultra-small OC and EC samples with high accuracy and low 14C blanks. Our study presents a first step towards the development of a common protocol for OC and EC 14C measurements.
J. Gabbi, M. Huss, A. Bauder, F. Cao, and M. Schwikowski
The Cryosphere, 9, 1385–1400, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-9-1385-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-9-1385-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
Light-absorbing impurities in snow and ice increase the absorption of solar radiation and thus enhance melting. We investigated the effect of Saharan dust and black carbon on the mass balance of an Alpine glacier over 1914-2014. Snow impurities increased melt by 15-19% depending on the location on the glacier. From the accumulation area towards the equilibrium line, the effect of impurities increased as more frequent years with negative mass balance led to a re-exposure of dust-enriched layers.
Y.-L. Zhang, R.-J. Huang, I. El Haddad, K.-F. Ho, J.-J. Cao, Y. Han, P. Zotter, C. Bozzetti, K. R. Daellenbach, F. Canonaco, J. G. Slowik, G. Salazar, M. Schwikowski, J. Schnelle-Kreis, G. Abbaszade, R. Zimmermann, U. Baltensperger, A. S. H. Prévôt, and S. Szidat
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 1299–1312, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-1299-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-1299-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
Source apportionment of fine carbonaceous aerosols using radiocarbon and other organic markers measurements during 2013 winter haze episodes was conducted at four megacities in China. Our results demonstrate that fossil emissions predominate EC with a mean contribution of 75±8%, whereas non-fossil sources account for 55±10% of OC; and the increment of TC on heavily polluted days was mainly driven by the increase of secondary OC from both fossil-fuel and non-fossil emissions.
P. Zotter, V. G. Ciobanu, Y. L. Zhang, I. El-Haddad, M. Macchia, K. R. Daellenbach, G. A. Salazar, R.-J. Huang, L. Wacker, C. Hueglin, A. Piazzalunga, P. Fermo, M. Schwikowski, U. Baltensperger, S. Szidat, and A. S. H. Prévôt
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 13551–13570, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-13551-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-13551-2014, 2014
Related subject area
Subject: Aerosols | Research Activity: Laboratory Studies | Altitude Range: Troposphere | Science Focus: Chemistry (chemical composition and reactions)
Formation and loss of light absorbance by phenolic aqueous SOA by ●OH and an organic triplet excited state
Technical Note: A technique to convert NO2 to NO2− with S(IV) and its application to measuring nitrate photolysis
Distribution, chemical, and molecular composition of high and low molecular weight humic-like substances in ambient aerosols
Desorption lifetimes and activation energies influencing gas–surface interactions and multiphase chemical kinetics
Molecular analysis of secondary organic aerosol and brown carbon from the oxidation of indole
Secondary organic aerosol formed by Euro 5 gasoline vehicle emissions: chemical composition and gas-to-particle phase partitioning
Assessment of the contribution of residential waste burning to ambient PM10 concentrations in Hungary and Romania
Source differences in the components and cytotoxicity of PM2.5 from automobile exhaust, coal combustion, and biomass burning contributing to urban aerosol toxicity
Chamber studies of OH + dimethyl sulfoxide and dimethyl disulfide: insights into the dimethyl sulfide oxidation mechanism
Low-temperature ice nucleation of sea spray and secondary marine aerosols under cirrus cloud conditions
Probing Iceland's Dust-Emitting Sediments: Particle Size Distribution, Mineralogy, Cohesion, Fe Mode of Occurrence, and Reflectance Spectra Signatures
Temperature-dependent aqueous OH kinetics of C2–C10 linear and terpenoid alcohols and diols: new rate coefficients, structure–activity relationship, and atmospheric lifetimes
A possible unaccounted source of nitrogen-containing compound formation in aerosols: amines reacting with secondary ozonides
Seasonal variations in photooxidant formation and light absorption in aqueous extracts of ambient particles
Variability in sediment particle size, mineralogy, and Fe mode of occurrence across dust-source inland drainage basins: the case of the lower Drâa Valley, Morocco
Gas–particle partitioning of toluene oxidation products: an experimental and modeling study
Chemically speciated air pollutant emissions from open burning of household solid waste from South Africa
Suppressed atmospheric chemical aging of cooking organic aerosol particles in wintertime conditions
Bulk and molecular-level composition of primary organic aerosol from wood, straw, cow dung, and plastic burning
Volatile oxidation products and secondary organosiloxane aerosol from D5 + OH at varying OH exposures
Comparison of water-soluble and insoluble organic compositions attributing to different light absorption efficiency between residential coal and biomass burning emissions
Molecular fingerprints and health risks of smoke from home-use incense burning
Photoenhanced sulfates formation by the heterogeneous uptake of SO2 on non-photoactive mineral dust
High enrichment of heavy metals in fine particulate matter through dust aerosol generation
Production of ice-nucleating particles (INPs) by fast-growing phytoplankton
Technical note: In situ measurements and modelling of the oxidation kinetics in films of a cooking aerosol proxy using a quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring (QCM-D)
Contrasting impacts of humidity on the ozonolysis of monoterpenes: insights into the multi-generation chemical mechanism
Quantifying the seasonal variations in and regional transport of PM2.5 in the Yangtze River Delta region, China: characteristics, sources, and health risks
Opinion: Atmospheric multiphase chemistry – past, present, and future
Distinct photochemistry in glycine particles mixed with different atmospheric nitrate salts
Effects of storage conditions on the molecular-level composition of organic aerosol particles
Characterization of gas and particle emissions from open burning of household solid waste from South Africa
Chemically distinct particle-phase emissions from highly controlled pyrolysis of three wood types
Predicting photooxidant concentrations in aerosol liquid water based on laboratory extracts of ambient particles
Physicochemical characterization of free troposphere and marine boundary layer ice-nucleating particles collected by aircraft in the eastern North Atlantic
Large differences of highly oxygenated organic molecules (HOMs) and low-volatile species in secondary organic aerosols (SOAs) formed from ozonolysis of β-pinene and limonene
Technical note: Improved synthetic routes to cis- and trans-(2-methyloxirane-2,3-diyl)dimethanol (cis- and trans-β-isoprene epoxydiol)
Technical note: Intercomparison study of the elemental carbon radiocarbon analysis methods using synthetic known samples
Chemical evolution of primary and secondary biomass burning aerosols during daytime and nighttime
Formation of highly oxygenated organic molecules from the oxidation of limonene by OH radical: significant contribution of H-abstraction pathway
Measurement report: Atmospheric aging of combustion-derived particles – impact on stable free radical concentration and its ability to produce reactive oxygen species in aqueous media
Photoaging of phenolic secondary organic aerosol in the aqueous phase: evolution of chemical and optical properties and effects of oxidants
An intercomparison study of four different techniques for measuring the chemical composition of nanoparticles
Simultaneous formation of sulfate and nitrate via co-uptake of SO2 and NO2 by aqueous NaCl droplets: combined effect of nitrate photolysis and chlorine chemistry
Photo-induced shrinking of aqueous glycine aerosol droplets
Sulfate formation via aerosol-phase SO2 oxidation by model biomass burning photosensitizers: 3,4-dimethoxybenzaldehyde, vanillin and syringaldehyde using single-particle mixing-state analysis
Yields and molecular composition of gas-phase and secondary organic aerosol from the photooxidation of the volatile consumer product benzyl alcohol: formation of highly oxygenated and hydroxy nitro-aromatic compounds
A combined gas- and particle-phase analysis of highly oxygenated organic molecules (HOMs) from α-pinene ozonolysis
Comparison of aqueous secondary organic aerosol (aqSOA) product distributions from guaiacol oxidation by non-phenolic and phenolic methoxybenzaldehydes as photosensitizers in the absence and presence of ammonium nitrate
Technical note: Chemical composition and source identification of fluorescent components in atmospheric water-soluble brown carbon by excitation–emission matrix spectroscopy with parallel factor analysis – potential limitations and applications
Stephanie Arciva, Lan Ma, Camille Mavis, Chrystal Guzman, and Cort Anastasio
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 4473–4485, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-4473-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-4473-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We measured changes in light absorption during the aqueous oxidation of six phenols with hydroxyl radical (●OH) or an organic triplet excited state (3C*). All the phenols formed light-absorbing secondary brown carbon (BrC), which then decayed with continued oxidation. Extrapolation to ambient conditions suggest ●OH is the dominant sink of secondary phenolic BrC in fog/cloud drops, while 3C* controls the lifetime of this light absorption in particle water.
Aaron Lieberman, Julietta Picco, Murat Onder, and Cort Anastasio
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 4411–4419, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-4411-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-4411-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We developed a method that uses aqueous S(IV) to quantitatively convert NO2 to NO2−, which allows both species to be quantified using the Griess method. As an example of the utility of the method, we quantified both photolysis channels of nitrate, with and without a scavenger for hydroxyl radical (·OH). The results show that without a scavenger, ·OH reacts with nitrite to form nitrogen dioxide, suppressing the apparent quantum yield of NO2− and enhancing that of NO2.
Xingjun Fan, Ao Cheng, Xufang Yu, Tao Cao, Dan Chen, Wenchao Ji, Yongbing Cai, Fande Meng, Jianzhong Song, and Ping'an Peng
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 3769–3783, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-3769-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-3769-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Molecular-level characteristics of high molecular weight (HMW) and low MW (LMW) humic-like substances (HULIS) were comprehensively investigated, where HMW HULIS had larger chromophores and larger molecular size than LMW HULIS and exhibited higher aromaticity and humification. Electrospray ionization high-resolution mass spectrometry revealed more aromatic molecules in HMW HULIS. HMW HULIS had more CHON compounds, while LMW HULIS had more CHO compounds.
Daniel A. Knopf, Markus Ammann, Thomas Berkemeier, Ulrich Pöschl, and Manabu Shiraiwa
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 3445–3528, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-3445-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-3445-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The initial step of interfacial and multiphase chemical processes involves adsorption and desorption of gas species. This study demonstrates the role of desorption energy governing the residence time of the gas species at the environmental interface. A parameterization is formulated that enables the prediction of desorption energy based on the molecular weight, polarizability, and oxygen-to-carbon ratio of the desorbing chemical species. Its application to gas–particle interactions is discussed.
Feng Jiang, Kyla Siemens, Claudia Linke, Yanxia Li, Yiwei Gong, Thomas Leisner, Alexander Laskin, and Harald Saathoff
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 2639–2649, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-2639-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-2639-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We investigated the optical properties, chemical composition, and formation mechanisms of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) and brown carbon (BrC) from the oxidation of indole with and without NO2 in the Aerosol Interaction and Dynamics in the Atmosphere (AIDA) simulation chamber. This work is one of the very few to link the optical properties and chemical composition of indole SOA with and without NO2 by simulation chamber experiments.
Evangelia Kostenidou, Baptiste Marques, Brice Temime-Roussel, Yao Liu, Boris Vansevenant, Karine Sartelet, and Barbara D'Anna
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 2705–2729, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-2705-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-2705-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Secondary organic aerosol (SOA) from gasoline vehicles can be a significant source of particulate matter in urban areas. Here the chemical composition of secondary volatile organic compounds and SOA produced by photo-oxidation of Euro 5 gasoline vehicle emissions was studied. The volatility of the SOA formed was calculated. Except for the temperature and the concentration of the aerosol, additional parameters may play a role in the gas-to-particle partitioning.
András Hoffer, Aida Meiramova, Ádám Tóth, Beatrix Jancsek-Turóczi, Gyula Kiss, Ágnes Rostási, Erika Andrea Levei, Luminita Marmureanu, Attila Machon, and András Gelencsér
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 1659–1671, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-1659-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-1659-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Specific tracer compounds identified previously in controlled test burnings of different waste types in the laboratory were detected and quantified in ambient PM10 samples collected in five Hungarian and four Romanian settlements. Back-of-the-envelope calculations based on the relative emission factors of individual tracers suggested that the contribution of solid waste burning particulate emissions to ambient PM10 mass concentrations may be as high as a few percent.
Xiao-San Luo, Weijie Huang, Guofeng Shen, Yuting Pang, Mingwei Tang, Weijun Li, Zhen Zhao, Hanhan Li, Yaqian Wei, Longjiao Xie, and Tariq Mehmood
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 1345–1360, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-1345-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-1345-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
PM2.5 are air pollutants threatening health globally, but they are a mixture of chemical compositions from many sources and result in unequal toxicity. Which composition from which source of PM2.5 as the most hazardous object is a question hindering effective pollution control policy-making. With chemical and toxicity experiments, we found automobile exhaust and coal combustion to be priority emissions with higher toxic compositions for precise air pollution control, ensuring public health.
Matthew B. Goss and Jesse H. Kroll
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 1299–1314, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-1299-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-1299-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The chemistry driving dimethyl sulfide (DMS) oxidation and subsequent sulfate particle formation in the atmosphere is poorly constrained. We oxidized two related compounds (dimethyl sulfoxide and dimethyl disulfide) in the laboratory under varied NOx conditions and measured the gas- and particle-phase products. These results demonstrate that both the OH addition and OH abstraction pathways for DMS oxidation contribute to particle formation via mechanisms that do not involve the SO2 intermediate.
Ryan J. Patnaude, Kathryn A. Moore, Russell J. Perkins, Thomas C. J. Hill, Paul J. DeMott, and Sonia M. Kreidenweis
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 911–928, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-911-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-911-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
In this study we examined the effect of atmospheric aging on sea spray aerosols (SSAs) to form ice and how newly formed secondary marine aerosols (SMAs) may freeze at cirrus temperatures (< −38 °C). Results show that SSAs freeze at different relative humidities (RHs) depending on the temperature and that the ice-nucleating ability of SSA was not hindered by atmospheric aging. SMAs are shown to freeze at high RHs and are likely inefficient at forming ice at cirrus temperatures.
Adolfo González-Romero, Cristina González-Flórez, Agnesh Panta, Jesús Yus-Díez, Patricia Córdoba, Andres Alastuey, Natalia Moreno, Konrad Kandler, Martina Klose, Roger N. Clark, Bethany L. Ehlmann, Rebecca N. Greenberger, Abigail M. Keebler, Phil Brodrick, Robert O. Green, Xavier Querol, and Carlos Pérez García-Pando
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-157, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-157, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The knowledge of properties from dust emitted in high latitudes as Iceland (HLD) is scarce. This study focuses on the particle size, mineralogy, cohesion and iron mode of occurrence and reflectance spectra of dust-emitting sediments. Icelandic top sediments have lower cohesion state, coarser particle size, distinctive mineralogy, and threefold bulk Fe content, with a large presence of magnetite compared to Saharan crusts.
Bartłomiej Witkowski, Priyanka Jain, Beata Wileńska, and Tomasz Gierczak
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 663–688, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-663-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-663-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This article reports the results of the kinetic measurements for the aqueous oxidation of the 29 aliphatic alcohols by hydroxyl radical (OH) at different temperatures. The data acquired and the literature data were used to optimize a model for predicting the aqueous OH reactivity of alcohols and carboxylic acids and to estimate the atmospheric lifetimes of five terpenoic alcohols. The kinetic data provided new insights into the mechanism of aqueous oxidation of aliphatic molecules by the OH.
Junting Qiu, Xinlin Shen, Jiangyao Chen, Guiying Li, and Taicheng An
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 155–166, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-155-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-155-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We studied reactions of secondary ozonides (SOZs) with amines. SOZs formed from ozonolysis of β-caryophyllene and α-humulene are found to be reactive to ethylamine and methylamine. Products from SOZs with various conformations reacting with the same amine had different functional groups. Our findings indicate that interaction of SOZs with amines in the atmosphere is very complicated, which is potentially a hitherto unrecognized source of N-containing compound formation.
Lan Ma, Reed Worland, Laura Heinlein, Chrystal Guzman, Wenqing Jiang, Christopher Niedek, Keith J. Bein, Qi Zhang, and Cort Anastasio
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 1–21, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-1-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-1-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We measured concentrations of three photooxidants – the hydroxyl radical, triplet excited states of organic carbon, and singlet molecular oxygen – in fine particles collected over a year. Concentrations are highest in extracts of fresh biomass burning particles, largely because they have the highest particle concentrations and highest light absorption. When normalized by light absorption, rates of formation for each oxidant are generally similar for the four particle types we observed.
Adolfo González-Romero, Cristina González-Flórez, Agnesh Panta, Jesús Yus-Díez, Cristina Reche, Patricia Córdoba, Natalia Moreno, Andres Alastuey, Konrad Kandler, Martina Klose, Clarissa Baldo, Roger N. Clark, Zongbo Shi, Xavier Querol, and Carlos Pérez García-Pando
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 15815–15834, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-15815-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-15815-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The effect of dust emitted from desertic surfaces upon climate and ecosystems depends on size and mineralogy, but data from soil mineral atlases of desert soils are scarce. We performed particle-size distribution, mineralogy, and Fe speciation in southern Morocco. Results show coarser particles with high quartz proportion are near the elevated areas, while in depressed areas, sizes are finer, and proportions of clays and nano-Fe oxides are higher. This difference is important for dust modelling.
Victor Lannuque, Barbara D'Anna, Evangelia Kostenidou, Florian Couvidat, Alvaro Martinez-Valiente, Philipp Eichler, Armin Wisthaler, Markus Müller, Brice Temime-Roussel, Richard Valorso, and Karine Sartelet
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 15537–15560, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-15537-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-15537-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Large uncertainties remain in understanding secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation from toluene oxidation. In this study, speciation measurements in gaseous and particulate phases were carried out, providing partitioning and volatility data on individual toluene SOA components at different temperatures. A new detailed oxidation mechanism was developed to improve modeled speciation, and effects of different processes involved in gas–particle partitioning at the molecular scale are explored.
Xiaoliang Wang, Hatef Firouzkouhi, Judith C. Chow, John G. Watson, Steven Sai Hang Ho, Warren Carter, and Alexandra S. M. De Vos
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 15375–15393, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-15375-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-15375-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Open burning of municipal solid waste emits chemicals that are harmful to the environment. This paper reports source profiles and emission factors for PM2.5 species and acidic/alkali gases from laboratory combustion of 10 waste categories (including plastics and biomass) that represent open burning in South Africa. Results will be useful for health and climate impact assessments, speciated emission inventories, source-oriented dispersion models, and receptor-based source apportionment.
Wenli Liu, Longkun He, Yingjun Liu, Keren Liao, Qi Chen, and Mikinori Kuwata
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2657, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2657, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Cooking is one of the major particle sources in urban areas. Previous laboratory studies demonstrated the chemical lifetimes of cooking organic aerosols were much shorter (~minutes) than the values reported by field observations (~hours). We conducted laboratory experiments to resolve the discrepancy by considering suppressed reactivity under low temperature. The parameterized k2-T relationships and observed surface temperature data were used to estimate the chemical lifetimes of COA particles.
Jun Zhang, Kun Li, Tiantian Wang, Erlend Gammelsæter, Rico K. Y. Cheung, Mihnea Surdu, Sophie Bogler, Deepika Bhattu, Dongyu S. Wang, Tianqu Cui, Lu Qi, Houssni Lamkaddam, Imad El Haddad, Jay G. Slowik, Andre S. H. Prevot, and David M. Bell
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 14561–14576, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-14561-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-14561-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We conducted burning experiments to simulate various types of solid fuel combustion, including residential burning, wildfires, agricultural burning, cow dung, and plastic bag burning. The chemical composition of the particles was characterized using mass spectrometers, and new potential markers for different fuels were identified using statistical analysis. This work improves our understanding of emissions from solid fuel burning and offers support for refined source apportionment.
Hyun Gu Kang, Yanfang Chen, Yoojin Park, Thomas Berkemeier, and Hwajin Kim
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 14307–14323, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-14307-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-14307-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
D5 is an emerging anthropogenic pollutant that is ubiquitous in indoor and urban environments, and the OH oxidation of D5 forms secondary organosiloxane aerosol (SOSiA). Application of a kinetic box model that uses a volatility basis set (VBS) showed that consideration of oxidative aging (aging-VBS) predicts SOSiA formation much better than using a standard-VBS model. Ageing-dependent parameterization is needed to accurately model SOSiA to assess the implications of siloxanes for air quality.
Lu Zhang, Jin Li, Yaojie Li, Xinlei Liu, Zhihan Luo, Guofeng Shen, and Shu Tao
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2417, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2417, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Brown Carbon (BrC) is related to radiative forcing and climate change. The BrC fraction from residential coal and biomass burning emissions which was the major source of BrC were characterized at the molecular level. The CHOS aromatic compounds explained higher light absorption efficiencies of biomass burning emissions compared to coals. The unique formulas of coal combustion aerosols were characterized by higher unsaturated compounds, such information could be used for source appointment.
Kai Song, Rongzhi Tang, Jingshun Zhang, Zichao Wan, Yuan Zhang, Kun Hu, Yuanzheng Gong, Daqi Lv, Sihua Lu, Yu Tan, Ruifeng Zhang, Ang Li, Shuyuan Yan, Shichao Yan, Baoming Fan, Wenfei Zhu, Chak K. Chan, Maosheng Yao, and Song Guo
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 13585–13595, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-13585-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-13585-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Incense burning is common in Asia, posing threats to human health and air quality. However, less is known about its emissions and health risks. Full-volatility organic species from incense-burning smoke are detected and quantified. Intermediate-volatility volatile organic compounds (IVOCs) are crucial organics accounting for 19.2 % of the total emission factors (EFs) and 40.0 % of the secondary organic aerosol (SOA) estimation, highlighting the importance of incorporating IVOCs into SOA models.
Chong Han, Jiawei Ma, Wangjin Yang, and Hongxing Yang
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-1273, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-1273, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We provide direct evidences that light prominently enhances the conversion of SO2 to sulfates on non-photoactive mineral dust, where 3SO2 can act as a pivotal trigger to generate sulfates. Photochemical sulfate formation depends on H2O, O2, and basicity of mineral dust. It is suggested that the SO2 photochemistry on non-photoactive mineral dust significantly contributes to sulfates, highlighting previously unknown pathway to better explain the missing sources of atmospheric sulfates.
Qianqian Gao, Shengqiang Zhu, Kaili Zhou, Jinghao Zhai, Shaodong Chen, Qihuang Wang, Shurong Wang, Jin Han, Xiaohui Lu, Hong Chen, Liwu Zhang, Lin Wang, Zimeng Wang, Xin Yang, Qi Ying, Hongliang Zhang, Jianmin Chen, and Xiaofei Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 13049–13060, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-13049-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-13049-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Dust is a major source of atmospheric aerosols. Its chemical composition is often assumed to be similar to the parent soil. However, this assumption has not been rigorously verified. Dust aerosols are mainly generated by wind erosion, which may have some chemical selectivity. Mn, Cd and Pb were found to be highly enriched in fine-dust (PM2.5) aerosols. In addition, estimation of heavy metal emissions from dust generation by air quality models may have errors without using proper dust profiles.
Daniel C. O. Thornton, Sarah D. Brooks, Elise K. Wilbourn, Jessica Mirrielees, Alyssa N. Alsante, Gerardo Gold-Bouchot, Andrew Whitesell, and Kiana McFadden
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 12707–12729, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-12707-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-12707-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
A major uncertainty in our understanding of clouds and climate is the sources and properties of the aerosol on which clouds grow. We found that aerosol containing organic matter from fast-growing marine phytoplankton was a source of ice-nucleating particles (INPs). INPs facilitate freezing of ice crystals at warmer temperatures than otherwise possible and therefore change cloud formation and properties. Our results show that ecosystem processes and the properties of sea spray aerosol are linked.
Adam Milsom, Shaojun Qi, Ashmi Mishra, Thomas Berkemeier, Zhenyu Zhang, and Christian Pfrang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 10835–10843, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-10835-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-10835-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Aerosols and films are found indoors and outdoors. Our study measures and models reactions of a cooking aerosol proxy with the atmospheric oxidant ozone relying on a low-cost but sensitive technique based on mass changes and film rigidity. We found that film morphology changed and film rigidity increased with evidence of surface crust formation during ozone exposure. Our modelling results demonstrate clear potential to take this robust method to the field for reaction monitoring.
Shan Zhang, Lin Du, Zhaomin Yang, Narcisse Tsona Tchinda, Jianlong Li, and Kun Li
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 10809–10822, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-10809-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-10809-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
In this study, we have investigated the distinct impacts of humidity on the ozonolysis of two structurally different monoterpenes (limonene and Δ3-carene). We found that the molecular structure of precursors can largely influence the SOA formation under high RH by impacting the multi-generation reactions. Our results could advance knowledge on the roles of water content in aerosol formation and inform ongoing research on particle environmental effects and applications in models.
Yangzhihao Zhan, Min Xie, Wei Zhao, Tijian Wang, Da Gao, Pulong Chen, Jun Tian, Kuanguang Zhu, Shu Li, Bingliang Zhuang, Mengmeng Li, Yi Luo, and Runqi Zhao
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 9837–9852, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-9837-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-9837-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Although the main source contribution of pollution is secondary inorganic aerosols in Nanjing, health risks mainly come from industry sources and vehicle emissions. Therefore, the development of megacities should pay more attention to the health burden of vehicle emissions, coal combustion, and industrial processes. This study provides new insight into assessing the relationship between source apportionment and health risks and can provide valuable insight into air pollution strategies.
Jonathan P. D. Abbatt and A. R. Ravishankara
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 9765–9785, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-9765-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-9765-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
With important climate and air quality impacts, atmospheric multiphase chemistry involves gas interactions with aerosol particles and cloud droplets. We summarize the status of the field and discuss potential directions for future growth. We highlight the importance of a molecular-level understanding of the chemistry, along with atmospheric field studies and modeling, and emphasize the necessity for atmospheric multiphase chemists to interact widely with scientists from neighboring disciplines.
Zhancong Liang, Zhihao Cheng, Ruifeng Zhang, Yiming Qin, and Chak K. Chan
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 9585–9595, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-9585-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-9585-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
In this study, we found that the photolysis of sodium nitrate leads to a much quicker decay of free amino acids (FAAs, with glycine as an example) in the particle phase than ammonium nitrate photolysis, which is likely due to the molecular interactions between FAAs and different nitrate salts. Since sodium nitrate likely co-exists with FAAs in the coarse-mode particles, particulate nitrate photolysis can possibly contribute to a rapid decay of FAAs and affect atmospheric nitrogen cycling.
Julian Resch, Kate Wolfer, Alexandre Barth, and Markus Kalberer
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 9161–9171, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-9161-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-9161-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Detailed chemical analysis of organic aerosols is necessary to better understand their effects on climate and health. Aerosol samples are often stored for days to months before analysis. We examined the effects of storage conditions (i.e., time, temperature, and aerosol storage on filters or as solvent extracts) on composition and found significant changes in the concentration of individual compounds, indicating that sample storage can strongly affect the detailed chemical particle composition.
Xiaoliang Wang, Hatef Firouzkouhi, Judith C. Chow, John G. Watson, Warren Carter, and Alexandra S. M. De Vos
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 8921–8937, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-8921-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-8921-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Open burning of household and municipal solid waste is a common practice in developing countries and is a significant source of air pollution. However, few studies have measured emissions from open burning of waste. This study determined gas and particulate emissions from open burning of 10 types of household solid-waste materials. These results can improve emission inventories, air quality management, and assessment of the health and climate effects of open burning of household waste.
Anita M. Avery, Mariam Fawaz, Leah R. Williams, Tami Bond, and Timothy B. Onasch
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 8837–8854, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-8837-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-8837-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Pyrolysis is the thermal decomposition of fuels like wood which occurs during combustion or as an isolated process. During combustion, some pyrolysis products are emitted directly, while others are oxidized in the combustion process. This work describes the chemical composition of particle-phase pyrolysis products in order to investigate both the uncombusted emissions from wildfires and the fuel that participates in combustion.
Lan Ma, Reed Worland, Wenqing Jiang, Christopher Niedek, Chrystal Guzman, Keith J. Bein, Qi Zhang, and Cort Anastasio
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 8805–8821, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-8805-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-8805-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Although photooxidants are important in airborne particles, little is known of their concentrations. By measuring oxidants in a series of particle dilutions, we predict their concentrations in aerosol liquid water (ALW). We find •OH concentrations in ALW are on the order of 10−15 M, similar to their cloud/fog values, while oxidizing triplet excited states and singlet molecular oxygen have ALW values of ca. 10−13 M and 10−12 M, respectively, roughly 10–100 times higher than in cloud/fog drops.
Daniel A. Knopf, Peiwen Wang, Benny Wong, Jay M. Tomlin, Daniel P. Veghte, Nurun N. Lata, Swarup China, Alexander Laskin, Ryan C. Moffet, Josephine Y. Aller, Matthew A. Marcus, and Jian Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 8659–8681, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-8659-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-8659-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Ambient particle populations and associated ice-nucleating particles (INPs)
were examined from particle samples collected on board aircraft in the marine
boundary layer and free troposphere in the eastern North Atlantic during
summer and winter. Chemical imaging shows distinct differences in the
particle populations seasonally and with sampling altitudes, which are
reflected in the INP types. Freezing parameterizations are derived for
implementation in cloud-resolving and climate models.
Dandan Liu, Yun Zhang, Shujun Zhong, Shuang Chen, Qiaorong Xie, Donghuan Zhang, Qiang Zhang, Wei Hu, Junjun Deng, Libin Wu, Chao Ma, Haijie Tong, and Pingqing Fu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 8383–8402, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-8383-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-8383-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Based on ultra-high-resolution mass spectrometry analysis, we found that β-pinene oxidation-derived highly oxygenated organic molecules (HOMs) exhibit higher yield at high ozone concentration, while limonene oxidation-derived HOMs exhibit higher yield at moderate ozone concentration. The distinct molecular response of HOMs and low-volatile species in different biogenic secondary organic aerosols to ozone concentrations provides a new clue for more accurate air quality prediction and management.
Molly Frauenheim, Jason D. Surratt, Zhenfa Zhang, and Avram Gold
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 7859–7866, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-7859-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-7859-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We report synthesis of the isoprene-derived photochemical oxidation products trans- and cis-β-epoxydiols in high overall yields from inexpensive, readily available starting compounds. Protection/deprotection steps or time-consuming purification is not required, and the reactions can be scaled up to gram quantities. The procedures provide accessibility of these important compounds to atmospheric chemistry laboratories with only basic capabilities in organic synthesis.
Xiangyun Zhang, Jun Li, Sanyuan Zhu, Junwen Liu, Ping Ding, Shutao Gao, Chongguo Tian, Yingjun Chen, Ping'an Peng, and Gan Zhang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 7495–7502, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-7495-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-7495-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The results show that 14C elemental carbon (EC) was not only related to the isolation method but also to the types and proportions of the biomass sources in the sample. The hydropyrolysis (Hypy) method, which can be used to isolate a highly stable portion of ECHypy and avoid charring, is a more effective and stable approach for the matrix-independent 14C quantification of EC in aerosols, and the 13C–ECHypy and non-fossil ECHypy values of SRM1649b were –24.9 ‰ and 11 %, respectively.
Amir Yazdani, Satoshi Takahama, John K. Kodros, Marco Paglione, Mauro Masiol, Stefania Squizzato, Kalliopi Florou, Christos Kaltsonoudis, Spiro D. Jorga, Spyros N. Pandis, and Athanasios Nenes
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 7461–7477, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-7461-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-7461-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Organic aerosols directly emitted from wood and pellet stove combustion are found to chemically transform (approximately 15 %–35 % by mass) under daytime aging conditions simulated in an environmental chamber. A new marker for lignin-like compounds is found to degrade at a different rate than previously identified biomass burning markers and can potentially provide indication of aging time in ambient samples.
Hao Luo, Luc Vereecken, Hongru Shen, Sungah Kang, Iida Pullinen, Mattias Hallquist, Hendrik Fuchs, Andreas Wahner, Astrid Kiendler-Scharr, Thomas F. Mentel, and Defeng Zhao
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 7297–7319, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-7297-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-7297-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Oxidation of limonene, an element emitted by trees and chemical products, by OH, a daytime oxidant, forms many highly oxygenated organic molecules (HOMs), including C10-20 compounds. HOMs play an important role in new particle formation and growth. HOM formation can be explained by the chemistry of peroxy radicals. We found that a minor branching ratio initial pathway plays an unexpected, significant role. Considering this pathway enables accurate simulations of HOMs and other concentrations.
Heather L. Runberg and Brian J. Majestic
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 7213–7223, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-7213-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-7213-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Environmentally persistent free radicals (EPFRs) are an emerging pollutant found in soot particles. Understanding how these change as they move through the atmosphere is important to human health. Here, soot was generated in the laboratory and exposed to simulated sunlight. The concentrations and characteristics of EPFRs in the soot were measured and found to be unchanged. However, it was also found that the ability of soot to form hydroxyl radicals was stronger for fresh soot.
Wenqing Jiang, Christopher Niedek, Cort Anastasio, and Qi Zhang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 7103–7120, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-7103-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-7103-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We studied how aqueous-phase secondary organic aerosol (aqSOA) form and evolve from a phenolic carbonyl commonly present in biomass burning smoke. The composition and optical properties of the aqSOA are significantly affected by photochemical reactions and are dependent on the oxidants' concentration and identity in water. During photoaging, the aqSOA initially becomes darker, but prolonged aging leads to the formation of volatile products, resulting in significant mass loss and photobleaching.
Lucía Caudillo, Mihnea Surdu, Brandon Lopez, Mingyi Wang, Markus Thoma, Steffen Bräkling, Angela Buchholz, Mario Simon, Andrea C. Wagner, Tatjana Müller, Manuel Granzin, Martin Heinritzi, Antonio Amorim, David M. Bell, Zoé Brasseur, Lubna Dada, Jonathan Duplissy, Henning Finkenzeller, Xu-Cheng He, Houssni Lamkaddam, Naser G. A. Mahfouz, Vladimir Makhmutov, Hanna E. Manninen, Guillaume Marie, Ruby Marten, Roy L. Mauldin, Bernhard Mentler, Antti Onnela, Tuukka Petäjä, Joschka Pfeifer, Maxim Philippov, Ana A. Piedehierro, Birte Rörup, Wiebke Scholz, Jiali Shen, Dominik Stolzenburg, Christian Tauber, Ping Tian, António Tomé, Nsikanabasi Silas Umo, Dongyu S. Wang, Yonghong Wang, Stefan K. Weber, André Welti, Marcel Zauner-Wieczorek, Urs Baltensperger, Richard C. Flagan, Armin Hansel, Jasper Kirkby, Markku Kulmala, Katrianne Lehtipalo, Douglas R. Worsnop, Imad El Haddad, Neil M. Donahue, Alexander L. Vogel, Andreas Kürten, and Joachim Curtius
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 6613–6631, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-6613-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-6613-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
In this study, we present an intercomparison of four different techniques for measuring the chemical composition of nanoparticles. The intercomparison was performed based on the observed chemical composition, calculated volatility, and analysis of the thermograms. We found that the methods generally agree on the most important compounds that are found in the nanoparticles. However, they do see different parts of the organic spectrum. We suggest potential explanations for these differences.
Ruifeng Zhang and Chak Keung Chan
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 6113–6126, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-6113-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-6113-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Research into sulfate and nitrate formation from co-uptake of NO2 and SO2, especially under irradiation, is rare. We studied the co-uptake of NO2 and SO2 by NaCl droplets under various conditions, including irradiation and dark, and RHs, using Raman spectroscopy flow cell and kinetic model simulation. Significant nitrate formation from NO2 hydrolysis can be photolyzed to generate OH radicals that can further react with chloride to produce reactive chlorine species and promote sulfate formation.
Shinnosuke Ishizuka, Oliver Reich, Grégory David, and Ruth Signorell
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 5393–5402, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-5393-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-5393-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Photosensitizers play an important role in the photochemistry of atmospheric aerosols. Our study provides evidence that mesoscopic glycine clusters forming in aqueous droplets act as unconventional photosensitizers in the visible light spectrum. We observed the influence of these photoactive molecular aggregates in single optically trapped aqueous droplets. Such mesoscopic photosensitizers might be more important for aerosol photochemistry than previously anticipated.
Liyuan Zhou, Zhancong Liang, Beatrix Rosette Go Mabato, Rosemarie Ann Infante Cuevas, Rongzhi Tang, Mei Li, Chunlei Cheng, and Chak K. Chan
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 5251–5261, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-5251-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-5251-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This study reveals the sulfate formation in photosensitized particles from biomass burning under UV and SO2, of which the relative atmospheric importance in sulfate production was qualitatively compared to nitrate photolysis. On the basis of single-particle aerosol mass spectrometry measurements, the number percentage of sulfate-containing particles and relative peak area of sulfate in single-particle spectra exhibited a descending order of 3,4-dimethoxybenzaldehyde > vanillin > syringaldehyde.
Mohammed Jaoui, Kenneth S. Docherty, Michael Lewandowski, and Tadeusz E. Kleindienst
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 4637–4661, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-4637-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-4637-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
VCPs are a class of chemicals widely used in industrial and consumer products (e.g., coatings, adhesives, inks, personal care products) and are an important component of total VOCs in urban atmospheres. This study provides SOA yields and detailed chemical analysis of the gas- and aerosol-phase products of the photooxidation of one of these VCPs, benzyl alcohol. These results will allow better links between characterized sources and their resulting criteria for pollutant formation.
Jian Zhao, Ella Häkkinen, Frans Graeffe, Jordan E. Krechmer, Manjula R. Canagaratna, Douglas R. Worsnop, Juha Kangasluoma, and Mikael Ehn
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 3707–3730, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-3707-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-3707-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Based on the combined measurements of gas- and particle-phase highly oxygenated organic molecules (HOMs) from α-pinene ozonolysis, enhancement of dimers in particles was observed. We conducted experiments wherein the dimer to monomer (D / M) ratios of HOMs in the gas phase were modified (adding CO / NO) to investigate the effects of the corresponding D / M ratios in the particles. These results are important for a better understanding of secondary organic aerosol formation in the atmosphere.
Beatrix Rosette Go Mabato, Yong Jie Li, Dan Dan Huang, Yalin Wang, and Chak K. Chan
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 2859–2875, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-2859-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-2859-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We compared non-phenolic and phenolic methoxybenzaldehydes as photosensitizers for aqueous secondary organic aerosol (aqSOA) formation under cloud and fog conditions. We showed that the structural features of photosensitizers affect aqSOA formation. We also elucidated potential interactions between photosensitization and ammonium nitrate photolysis. Our findings are useful for evaluating the importance of photosensitized reactions on aqSOA formation, which could improve aqSOA predictive models.
Tao Cao, Meiju Li, Cuncun Xu, Jianzhong Song, Xingjun Fan, Jun Li, Wanglu Jia, and Ping'an Peng
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 2613–2625, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-2613-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-2613-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This work comprehensively investigated the fluorescence data of light-absorbing organic compounds, water-soluble organic matter in different types of aerosol samples, soil dust, and fulvic and humic acids using an excitation–emission matrix (EEM) method and parallel factor modeling. The results revealed which light-absorbing species can be detected by EEM and also provided important information for identifying the chemical composition and possible sources of these species in atmospheric samples.
Cited articles
Aiona, P. K., Luek, J. L., Timko, S. A., Powers, L. C., Gonsior, M., and Nizkorodov, S. A.:
Effect of photolysis on absorption and fluorescence spectra of light-absorbing secondary organic aerosols, ACS Earth Space Chem., 2, 235–245, https://doi.org/10.1021/acsearthspacechem.7b00153, 2018.
Altieri, K. E., Seitzinger, S. P., Carlton, A. G., Turpin, B. J., Klein, G. C., and Marshall, A. G.:
Oligomers formed through in-cloud methylglyoxal reactions: Chemical composition, properties, and mechanisms investigated by ultra-high resolution FT-ICR mass spectrometry, Atmos. Environ., 42, 1476–1490, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2007.11.015, 2008.
Altieri, K. E., Turpin, B. J., and Seitzinger, S. P.:
Oligomers, organosulfates, and nitrooxy organosulfates in rainwater identified by ultra-high resolution electrospray ionization FT-ICR mass spectrometry, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 2533–2542, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-2533-2009, 2009.
Bao, M., Zhang, Y. L., Cao, F., Lin, Y. C., Hong, Y., Fan, M., Zhang, Y., Yang, X., and Xie, F.:
Light absorption and source apportionment of water soluble humic-like substances (HULIS) in PM2.5 at Nanjing, China, Environ. Res., 206, 112554, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2021.112554, 2022.
Berndt, T., Mender, B., Scholz, W., Fischer, L., Herrmann, H., Kulmala, M., and Hansel, A.:
Accretion product formation from ozonolysis and OH radical reaction of alpha-Pinene: mechanistic insight and the influence of isoprene and ethylene, Environ. Sci. Technol., 52, 11069–11077, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.8b02210, 2018.
Bianco, A., Deguillaume, L., Vaitilingom, M., Nicol, E., Baray, J. L., Chaumerliac, N., and Bridoux, M.:
Molecular characterization of cloud water samples collected at the Puy de Dome (France) by Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry, Environ. Sci. Technol., 52, 10275–10285, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.8b01964, 2018.
Bigg, E. K. and Leck, C.:
The composition of fragments of bubbles bursting at the ocean surface, J. Geophys. Res., 113, D11209, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007jd009078, 2008.
Blair, S. L., MacMillan, A. C., Drozd, G. T., Goldstein, A. H., Chu, R. K., Pasa-Tolic, L., Shaw, J. B., Tolic, N., Lin, P., Laskin, J., Laskin, A., and Nizkorodov, S. A.:
Molecular characterization of organosulfur compounds in biodiesel and diesel fuel secondary organic aerosol, Environ. Sci. Technol., 51, 119–127, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.6b03304, 2017.
Boreddy, S. K. R., Hegde, P., Aswini, A. R., and Aryasree, S.:
Chemical characteristics, size distributions, molecular composition, and brown carbon in South Asian outflow to the Indian Ocean, Earth Space Sci., 8, e2020EA001615, https://doi.org/10.1029/2020ea001615, 2021.
Brege, M., Paglione, M., Gilardoni, S., Decesari, S., Facchini, M. C., and Mazzoleni, L. R.:
Molecular insights on aging and aqueous-phase processing from ambient biomass burning emissions-influenced Po Valley fog and aerosol, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 13197–13214, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-13197-2018, 2018.
Bruggemann, M., Xu, R., Tilgner, A., Kwong, K. C., Mutzel, A., Poon, H. Y., Otto, T., Schaefer, T., Poulain, L., Chan, M. N., and Herrmann, H.:
Organosulfates in ambient aerosol: state of knowledge and future research directions on formation, abundance, fate, and importance, Environ. Sci. Technol., 54, 3767–3782, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.9b06751, 2020.
Bruns, E. A., Krapf, M., Orasche, J., Huang, Y., Zimmermann, R., Drinovec, L., Močnik, G., El-Haddad, I., Slowik, J. G., Dommen, J., Baltensperger, U., and Prévôt, A. S. H.:
Characterization of primary and secondary wood combustion products generated under different burner loads, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 2825–2841, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-2825-2015, 2015.
Cai, J., Zeng, X., Zhi, G., Gligorovski, S., Sheng, G., Yu, Z., Wang, X., and Peng, P.:
Molecular composition and photochemical evolution of water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC) extracted from field biomass burning aerosols using high-resolution mass spectrometry, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 6115–6128, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-6115-2020, 2020.
Cao, M., Yu, W., Chen, M., and Chen, M.:
Characterization of nitrated aromatic compounds in fine particles from Nanjing, China: Optical properties, source allocation, and secondary processes, Environ. Pollut., 316, 120650, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120650, 2023.
Chen, Q., Ikemori, F., Higo, H., Asakawa, D., and Mochida, M.:
Chemical structural characteristics of HULIS and other fractionated organic matter in urban aerosols: results from mass spectral and FT-IR analysis, Environ. Sci. Technol., 50, 1721–1730, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.5b05277, 2016.
Chen, Y., Ge, X., Chen, H., Xie, X., Chen, Y., Wang, J., Ye, Z., Bao, M., Zhang, Y., and Chen, M.:
Seasonal light absorption properties of water-soluble brown carbon in atmospheric fine particles in Nanjing, China, Atmos. Environ., 187, 230–240, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2018.06.002, 2018.
Chung, C. E., Ramanathan, V., and Decremer, D.:
Observationally constrained estimates of carbonaceous aerosol radiative forcing, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 109, 11624–11629, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1203707109, 2012.
Cui, F., Pei, S., Chen, M., Ma, Y., and Pan, Q.:
Absorption enhancement of black carbon and the contribution of brown carbon to light absorption in the summer of Nanjing, China, Atmos. Pollut. Res., 12, 480–487, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apr.2020.12.008, 2021.
Cui, M., Li, C., Chen, Y., Zhang, F., Li, J., Jiang, B., Mo, Y., Li, J., Yan, C., Zheng, M., Xie, Z., Zhang, G., and Zheng, J.:
Molecular characterization of polar organic aerosol constituents in off-road engine emissions using Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS): implications for source apportionment, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 13945–13956, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-13945-2019, 2019.
Daellenbach, K. R., Kourtchev, I., Vogel, A. L., Bruns, E. A., Jiang, J., Petäjä, T., Jaffrezo, J.-L., Aksoyoglu, S., Kalberer, M., Baltensperger, U., El Haddad, I., and Prévôt, A. S. H.:
Impact of anthropogenic and biogenic sources on the seasonal variation in the molecular composition of urban organic aerosols: a field and laboratory study using ultra-high-resolution mass spectrometry, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 5973–5991, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-5973-2019, 2019.
De Haan, D. O., Tapavicza, E., Riva, M., Cui, T., Surratt, J. D., Smith, A. C., Jordan, M. C., Nilakantan, S., Almodovar, M., Stewart, T. N., de Loera, A., De Haan, A. C., Cazaunau, M., Gratien, A., Pangui, E., and Doussin, J. F.:
Nitrogen-containing, light-Absorbing oligomers produced in aerosol particles exposed to methylglyoxal, photolysis, and cloud cycling, Environ. Sci. Technol., 52, 4061–4071, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.7b06105, 2018.
Fan, X., Song, J., and Peng, P. a.:
Temporal variations of the abundance and optical properties of water soluble Humic-Like Substances (HULIS) in PM2.5 at Guangzhou, China, Atmos. Res., 172–173, 8–15, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2015.12.024, 2016.
Fleming, L. T., Lin, P., Roberts, J. M., Selimovic, V., Yokelson, R., Laskin, J., Laskin, A., and Nizkorodov, S. A.:
Molecular composition and photochemical lifetimes of brown carbon chromophores in biomass burning organic aerosol, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 1105–1129, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-1105-2020, 2020.
Glasius, M., Thomsen, D., Wang, K., Iversen, L. S., Duan, J., and Huang, R. J.:
Chemical characteristics and sources of organosulfates, organosulfonates, and carboxylic acids in aerosols in urban Xi'an, Northwest China, Sci. Total. Environ., 151187, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151187, 2021.
Graber, E. R. and Rudich, Y.:
Atmospheric HULIS: How humic-like are they? A comprehensive and critical review, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 6, 729–753, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-6-729-2006, 2006.
Gu, C., Cui, S., Ge, X., Wang, Z., Chen, M., Qian, Z., Liu, Z., Wang, X., and Zhang, Y.:
Chemical composition, sources and optical properties of nitrated aromatic compounds in fine particulate matter during winter foggy days in Nanjing, China, Environ. Res., 212, 113255, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2022.113255, 2022.
Han, H., Feng, Y., Chen, J., Xie, Q., Chen, S., Sheng, M., Zhong, S., Wei, W., Su, S., and Fu, P.:
Acidification impacts on the molecular composition of dissolved organic matter revealed by FT-ICR MS, Sci. Total. Environ., 805, 150284, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150284, 2022.
He, Q., Tomaz, S., Li, C., Zhu, M., Meidan, D., Riva, M., Laskin, A., Brown, S. S., George, C., Wang, X., and Rudich, Y.:
Optical properties of secondary organic aerosol produced by nitrate radical oxidation of biogenic volatile organic compounds, Environ. Sci. Technol., 55, 2878–2889, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.0c06838, 2021.
Huang, L., Liu, T., and Grassian, V. H.:
Radical-initiated formation of aromatic organosulfates and sulfonates in the aqueous phase, Environ. Sci. Technol., 54, 11857–11864, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.0c05644, 2020.
Huang, R.-J., Yang, L., Shen, J., Yuan, W., Gong, Y., Ni, H., Duan, J., Yan, J., Huang, H., You, Q., and Li, Y. J.:
Chromophoric fingerprinting of brown carbon from residential biomass burning, Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett., 9, 102–111, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.estlett.1c00837, 2021.
Huo, Y., Guo, Z., Li, Q., Wu, D., Ding, X., Liu, A., Huang, D., Qiu, G., Wu, M., Zhao, Z., Sun, H., Song, W., Li, X., Chen, Y., Wu, T., and Chen, J.:
Chemical fingerprinting of HULIS in particulate matters emitted from residential coal and biomass combustion, Environ. Sci. Technol., 55, 3593–3603, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.0c08518, 2021.
Jang, K. S., Choi, M., Park, M., Park, M. H., Kim, Y. H., Seo, J., Wang, Y., Hu, M., Bae, M. S., and Park, K.:
Assessment of PM2.5-bound nitrogen-containing organic compounds (NOCs) during winter at urban sites in China and Korea, Environ. Pollut., 265, 114870, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114870, 2020.
Jiang, B., Liang, Y., Xu, C., Zhang, J., Hu, M., and Shi, Q.:
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in ambient aerosols from Beijing: characterization of low volatile PAHs by positive-ion atmospheric pressure photoionization (APPI) coupled with Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance, Environ. Sci. Technol., 48, 4716–4723, https://doi.org/10.1021/es405295p, 2014.
Jiang, H., Li, J., Chen, D., Tang, J., Cheng, Z., Mo, Y., Su, T., Tian, C., Jiang, B., Liao, Y., and Zhang, G.:
Biomass burning organic aerosols significantly influence the light absorption properties of polarity-dependent organic compounds in the Pearl River Delta Region, China, Environ. Int., 144, 106079, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2020.106079, 2020.
Jiang, H., Li, J., Sun, R., Tian, C., Tang, J., Jiang, B., Liao, Y., Chen, C. E., and Zhang, G.:
Molecular dynamics and light absorption properties of atmospheric dissolved organic matter, Environ. Sci. Technol., 55, 10268–10279, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.1c01770, 2021.
Koch, B. P. and Dittmar, T.:
From mass to structure: an aromaticity index for high-resolution mass data of natural organic matter, Rapid. Commun. Mass. Sp., 20, 926–932, https://doi.org/10.1002/rcm.2386, 2006.
Kourtchev, I., Fuller, S., Aalto, J., Ruuskanen, T. M., McLeod, M. W., Maenhaut, W., Jones, R., Kulmala, M., and Kalberer, M.:
Molecular composition of boreal forest aerosol from Hyytiala, Finland, using ultrahigh resolution mass spectrometry, Environ. Sci. Technol., 47, 4069–4079, https://doi.org/10.1021/es3051636, 2013.
Kourtchev, I., O'Connor, I. P., Giorio, C., Fuller, S. J., Kristensen, K., Maenhaut, W., Wenger, J. C., Sodeau, J. R., Glasius, M., and Kalberer, M.:
Effects of anthropogenic emissions on the molecular composition of urban organic aerosols: An ultrahigh resolution mass spectrometry study, Atmos. Environ., 89, 525–532, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2014.02.051, 2014.
Kourtchev, I., Godoi, R. H. M., Connors, S., Levine, J. G., Archibald, A. T., Godoi, A. F. L., Paralovo, S. L., Barbosa, C. G. G., Souza, R. A. F., Manzi, A. O., Seco, R., Sjostedt, S., Park, J.-H., Guenther, A., Kim, S., Smith, J., Martin, S. T., and Kalberer, M.:
Molecular composition of organic aerosols in central Amazonia: an ultra-high-resolution mass spectrometry study, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 11899–11913, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-11899-2016, 2016.
Kroll, J. H., Donahue, N. M., Jimenez, J. L., Kessler, S. H., Canagaratna, M. R., Wilson, K. R., Altieri, K. E., Mazzoleni, L. R., Wozniak, A. S., Bluhm, H., Mysak, E. R., Smith, J. D., Kolb, C. E., and Worsnop, D. R.:
Carbon oxidation state as a metric for describing the chemistry of atmospheric organic aerosol, Nat. Chem., 3, 133–139, https://doi.org/10.1038/nchem.948, 2011.
Kuang, B. Y., Lin, P., Huang, X. H. H., and Yu, J. Z.:
Sources of humic-like substances in the Pearl River Delta, China: positive matrix factorization analysis of PM2.5 major components and source markers, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 1995–2008, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-1995-2015, 2015.
Laskin, A., Smith, J. S., and Laskin, J.:
Molecular characterization of nitrogen-containing organic compounds in biomass burning aerosols using high-resolution mass spectrometry, Environ. Sci. Technol., 43, 3764–3771, https://doi.org/10.1021/es803456n, 2009.
Laskin, J., Laskin, A., and Nizkorodov, S. A.:
Mass spectrometry analysis in atmospheric chemistry, Anal. Chem., 90, 166–189, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.analchem.7b04249, 2018.
Levin, I. and Kromer, B.:
The tropospheric 14CO2 level in mid-latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere (1959–2003), Radiocarbon, 46, 1261–1272, https://doi.org/10.1017/s0033822200033130, 2004.
Levin, I., Kromer, B., and Hammer, S.:
Atmospheric Δ14CO2 trend in Western European background air from 2000 to 2012, Tellus B, 65, 20092, https://doi.org/10.3402/tellusb.v65i0.20092, 2013.
Li, X., Han, J., Hopke, P. K., Hu, J., Shu, Q., Chang, Q., and Ying, Q.:
Quantifying primary and secondary humic-like substances in urban aerosol based on emission source characterization and a source-oriented air quality model, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 2327–2341, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-2327-2019, 2019.
Li, X., Yu, F., Cao, J., Fu, P., Hua, X., Chen, Q., Li, J., Guan, D., Tripathee, L., Chen, Q., and Wang, Y.:
Chromophoric dissolved organic carbon cycle and its molecular compositions and optical properties in precipitation in the Guanzhong basin, China, Sci. Total. Environ., 814, 152775, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152775, 2022.
Lin, P., Rincon, A. G., Kalberer, M., and Yu, J. Z.:
Elemental composition of HULIS in the Pearl River Delta Region, China: results inferred from positive and negative electrospray high resolution mass spectrometric data, Environ. Sci. Technol., 46, 7454–7462, https://doi.org/10.1021/es300285d, 2012a.
Lin, P., Yu, J. Z., Engling, G., and Kalberer, M.:
Organosulfates in humic-like substance fraction isolated from aerosols at seven locations in East Asia: a study by ultra-high-resolution mass spectrometry, Environ. Sci. Technol., 46, 13118–13127, https://doi.org/10.1021/es303570v, 2012b.
Lin, P., Aiona, P. K., Li, Y., Shiraiwa, M., Laskin, J., Nizkorodov, S. A., and Laskin, A.:
Molecular characterization of brown carbon in biomass burning aerosol particles, Environ. Sci. Technol., 50, 11815–11824, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.6b03024, 2016.
Lin, P., Bluvshtein, N., Rudich, Y., Nizkorodov, S. A., Laskin, J., and Laskin, A.:
Molecular chemistry of atmospheric brown carbon inferred from a nationwide biomass burning event, Environ. Sci. Technol., 51, 11561–11570, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.7b02276, 2017.
Lin, P., Fleming, L. T., Nizkorodov, S. A., Laskin, J., and Laskin, A.:
Comprehensive molecular characterization of atmospheric brown carbon by high resolution mass spectrometry with electrospray and atmospheric pressure photoionization, Anal. Chem., 90, 12493–12502, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.analchem.8b02177, 2018.
Liu, X., Zhang, Y.-L., Peng, Y., Xu, L., Zhu, C., Cao, F., Zhai, X., Haque, M. M., Yang, C., Chang, Y., Huang, T., Xu, Z., Bao, M., Zhang, W., Fan, M., and Lee, X.:
Chemical and optical properties of carbonaceous aerosols in Nanjing, eastern China: regionally transported biomass burning contribution, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 11213–11233, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-11213-2019, 2019.
Ma, L., Li, B., Liu, Y., Sun, X., Fu, D., Sun, S., Thapa, S., Geng, J., Qi, H., Zhang, A., and Tian, C.: Characterization, sources and risk assessment of PM2.5-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and nitrated PAHs (NPAHs) in Harbin, a cold city in Northern China, J. Clean. Prod., 264, 121673, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.121673, 2020.
Ma, Y., Cheng, Y., Qiu, X., Cao, G., Fang, Y., Wang, J., Zhu, T., Yu, J., and Hu, D.:
Sources and oxidative potential of water-soluble humic-like substances (HULISWS) in fine particulate matter (PM2.5) in Beijing, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 5607–5617, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-5607-2018, 2018.
Mo, Y., Li, J., Jiang, B., Su, T., Geng, X., Liu, J., Jiang, H., Shen, C., Ding, P., Zhong, G., Cheng, Z., Liao, Y., Tian, C., Chen, Y., and Zhang, G.:
Sources, compositions, and optical properties of humic-like substances in Beijing during the 2014 APEC summit: Results from dual carbon isotope and Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry analyses, Environ. Pollut., 239, 322–331, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2018.04.041, 2018.
Mohr, C., Lopez-Hilfiker, F. D., Zotter, P., Prevot, A. S., Xu, L., Ng, N. L., Herndon, S. C., Williams, L. R., Franklin, J. P., Zahniser, M. S., Worsnop, D. R., Knighton, W. B., Aiken, A. C., Gorkowski, K. J., Dubey, M. K., Allan, J. D., and Thornton, J. A.:
Contribution of nitrated phenols to wood burning brown carbon light absorption in Detling, United Kingdom during winter time, Environ. Sci. Technol., 47, 6316–6324, https://doi.org/10.1021/es400683v, 2013.
Mutzel, A., Poulain, L., Berndt, T., Iinuma, Y., Rodigast, M., Boge, O., Richters, S., Spindler, G., Sipila, M., Jokinen, T., Kulmala, M., and Herrmann, H.:
Highly oxidized multifunctional organic compounds observed in tropospheric particles: a field and laboratory study, Environ. Sci. Technol., 49, 7754–7761, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.5b00885, 2015.
Ning, C., Gao, Y., Zhang, H., Yu, H., Wang, L., Geng, N., Cao, R., and Chen, J.:
Molecular characterization of dissolved organic matters in winter atmospheric fine particulate matters (PM2.5) from a coastal city of northeast China, Sci. Total. Environ., 689, 312–321, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.06.418, 2019.
Ning, C., Gao, Y., Yu, H., Zhang, H., Geng, N., Cao, R., and Chen, J.:
FT-ICR mass spectrometry for molecular characterization of water-insoluble organic compounds in winter atmospheric fine particulate matters, J. Environ. Sci., 111, 51–60, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jes.2020.12.017, 2022.
Noziere, B., Kalberer, M., Claeys, M., Allan, J., D'Anna, B., Decesari, S., Finessi, E., Glasius, M., Grgic, I., Hamilton, J. F., Hoffmann, T., Iinuma, Y., Jaoui, M., Kahnt, A., Kampf, C. J., Kourtchev, I., Maenhaut, W., Marsden, N., Saarikoski, S., Schnelle-Kreis, J., Surratt, J. D., Szidat, S., Szmigielski, R., and Wisthaler, A.:
The molecular identification of organic compounds in the atmosphere: state of the art and challenges, Chem. Rev., 115, 3919–3983, https://doi.org/10.1021/cr5003485, 2015.
O'Brien, R. E., Laskin, A., Laskin, J., Rubitschun, C. L., Surratt, J. D., and Goldstein, A. H.:
Molecular characterization of S and N containing organic constituents in ambient aerosols by negative ion mode high-resolution Nanospray desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry: CalNex 2010 field study, J. Geophy. Res.-Atmos., 119, 12706–12720, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014jd021955, 2014.
Patriarca, C., Bergquist, J., Sjoberg, P. J. R., Tranvik, L., and Hawkes, J. A.:
Online HPLC-ESI-HRMS method for the analysis and comparison of different dissolved organic matter samples, Environ. Sci. Technol., 52, 2091–2099, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.7b04508, 2018.
Pospisilova, V., Lopez-Hilfiker, F. D., Bell, D. M., Haddad, I. E., Mohr, C., Huang, W., Heikkinen, L., Xiao, M., Dommen, J., Prevot, A. S. H., Baltensperger, U., and Slowik, J. G.:
On the fate of oxygenated organic molecules in atmospheric aerosol particles, Sci. Adv., 6, eaax8922, https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aax8922, 2020.
Qi, L., Zhang, Z., Wang, X., Deng, F., Zhao, J., and Liu, H.:
Molecular characterization of atmospheric particulate organosulfates in a port environment using ultrahigh resolution mass spectrometry: Identification of traffic emissions, J. Hazard. Mater., 419, 126431, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126431, 2021.
Riva, M., Tomaz, S., Cui, T., Lin, Y.-H., Perraudin, E., Gold, A., Stone, E. A., Villenave, E., and Surratt, J. D.:
Evidence for an unrecognized secondary anthropogenic source of organosulfates and sulfonates: gas-phase oxidation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the presence of sulfate aerosol, Environ. Sci. Technol., 49, 6654–6664, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.5b00836, 2015.
Shen, H., Zhao, D., Pullinen, I., Kang, S., Vereecken, L., Fuchs, H., Acir, I. H., Tillmann, R., Rohrer, F., Wildt, J., Kiendler-Scharr, A., Wahner, A., and Mentel, T. F.:
Highly oxygenated organic nitrates formed from NO3 radical-initiated oxidation of beta-Pinene, Environ. Sci. Technol., 55, 15658–15671, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.1c03978, 2021.
Siemens, K., Morales, A., He, Q., Li, C., Hettiyadura, A. P. S., Rudich, Y., and Laskin, A.:
Molecular analysis of secondary brown carbon produced from the photooxidation of naphthalene, Environ. Sci. Technol., 56, 3340–3353, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.1c03135, 2022.
Song, J., Li, M., Jiang, B., Wei, S., Fan, X., and Peng, P.:
Molecular characterization of water-soluble humic like substances in smoke particles emitted from combustion of biomass materials and coal using Ultrahigh-resolution electrospray ionization fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry, Environ. Sci. Technol., 52, 2575–2585, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.7b06126, 2018.
Song, J., Li, M., Fan, X., Zou, C., Zhu, M., Jiang, B., Yu, Z., Jia, W., Liao, Y., and Peng, P.:
Molecular characterization of water- and methanol-soluble organic compounds emitted from residential coal combustion using Ultrahigh-resolution electrospray ionization fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry, Environ. Sci. Technol., 53, 13607–13617, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.9b04331, 2019.
Song, J., Li, M., Zou, C., Cao, T., Fan, X., Jiang, B., Yu, Z., Jia, W., and Peng, P.:
Molecular characterization of nitrogen-containing compounds in humic-like substances emitted from biomass burning and coal combustion, Environ. Sci. Technol., 56, 119–130, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.1c04451, 2022.
Sun, H., Li, X., Zhu, C., Huo, Y., Zhu, Z., Wei, Y., Yao, L., Xiao, H., and Chen, J.:
Molecular composition and optical property of humic-like substances (HULIS) in winter-time PM2.5 in the rural area of North China Plain, Atmos. Environ., 252, 118316, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2021.118316, 2021.
Surratt, J. D., Gómez-González, Y., Chan, A. W. H., Vermeylen, R., Shahgholi, M., Kleindienst, T. E., Edney, E. O., Offenberg, J. H., Lewandowski, M., Jaoui, M., Maenhaut, W., Claeys, M., Flagan, R. C., and Seinfeld, J. H.:
Organosulfate formation in biogenic secondary organic aerosol, J. Phys. Chem. A, 112, 8345–8378, https://doi.org/10.1021/jp802310p, 2008.
Tang, J., Li, J., Su, T., Han, Y., Mo, Y., Jiang, H., Cui, M., Jiang, B., Chen, Y., Tang, J., Song, J., Peng, P., and Zhang, G.:
Molecular compositions and optical properties of dissolved brown carbon in biomass burning, coal combustion, and vehicle emission aerosols illuminated by excitation–emission matrix spectroscopy and Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry analysis, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 2513–2532, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-2513-2020, 2020.
Tao, S., Lu, X., Levac, N., Bateman, A. P., Nguyen, T. B., Bones, D. L., Nizkorodov, S. A., Laskin, J., Laskin, A., and Yang, X.:
Molecular characterization of organosulfates in organic aerosols from Shanghai and Los Angeles urban areas by nanospray-desorption electrospray ionization high-resolution mass spectrometry, Environ. Sci. Technol., 48, 10993–11001, https://doi.org/10.1021/es5024674, 2014.
Tsui, W. G. and McNeill, V. F.:
Modeling secondary organic aerosol production from photosensitized humic-like substances (HULIS), Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett., 5, 255–259, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.estlett.8b00101, 2018.
Wang, J., Ge, X., Chen, Y., Shen, Y., Zhang, Q., Sun, Y., Xu, J., Ge, S., Yu, H., and Chen, M.:
Highly time-resolved urban aerosol characteristics during springtime in Yangtze River Delta, China: insights from soot particle aerosol mass spectrometry, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 9109–9127, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-9109-2016, 2016.
Wang, J., Zhao, B., Wang, S., Yang, F., Xing, J., Morawska, L., Ding, A., Kulmala, M., Kerminen, V.-M., Kujansuu, J., Wang, Z., Ding, D., Zhang, X., Wang, H., Tian, M., Petäjä, T., Jiang, J., and Hao, J.:
Particulate matter pollution over China and the effects of control policies, Sci. Total Environ., 584–585, 426–447, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.01.027, 2017.
Wang, J., Nie, W., Cheng, Y., Shen, Y., Chi, X., Wang, J., Huang, X., Xie, Y., Sun, P., Xu, Z., Qi, X., Su, H., and Ding, A.:
Light absorption of brown carbon in eastern China based on 3-year multi-wavelength aerosol optical property observations and an improved absorption Ångström exponent segregation method, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 9061–9074, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-9061-2018, 2018.
Wang, K., Zhang, Y., Huang, R.-J., Cao, J., and Hoffmann, T.:
UHPLC-Orbitrap mass spectrometric characterization of organic aerosol from a central European city (Mainz, Germany) and a Chinese megacity (Beijing), Atmos. Environ., 189, 22–29, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2018.06.036, 2018.
Wang, K., Zhang, Y., Huang, R. J., Wang, M., Ni, H., Kampf, C. J., Cheng, Y., Bilde, M., Glasius, M., and Hoffmann, T.:
Molecular characterization and source identification of atmospheric particulate organosulfates using ultrahigh resolution mass spectrometry, Environ. Sci. Technol., 53, 6192–6202, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.9b02628, 2019.
Wang, X., Hayeck, N., Brüggemann, M., Yao, L., Chen, H., Zhang, C., Emmelin, C., Chen, J., George, C., and Wang, L.:
Chemical characteristics of organic aerosols in Shanghai: a Study by Ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography coupled with orbitrap mass spectrometry, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 122, 11,703-711,722, https://doi.org/10.1002/2017jd026930, 2017.
Wang, X., Heald, C. L., Liu, J., Weber, R. J., Campuzano-Jost, P., Jimenez, J. L., Schwarz, J. P., and Perring, A. E.:
Exploring the observational constraints on the simulation of brown carbon, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 635–653, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-635-2018, 2018.
Wang, X. K., Rossignol, S., Ma, Y., Yao, L., Wang, M. Y., Chen, J. M., George, C., and Wang, L.:
Molecular characterization of atmospheric particulate organosulfates in three megacities at the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 2285–2298, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-2285-2016, 2016.
Wang, Y., Hu, M., Lin, P., Guo, Q., Wu, Z., Li, M., Zeng, L., Song, Y., Zeng, L., Wu, Y., Guo, S., Huang, X., and He, L.:
Molecular characterization of nitrogen-containing organic compounds in humic-like substances emitted from straw residue burning, Environ. Sci. Technol., 51, 5951–5961, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.7b00248, 2017.
Wang, Y., Hu, M., Guo, S., Wang, Y., Zheng, J., Yang, Y., Zhu, W., Tang, R., Li, X., Liu, Y., Le Breton, M., Du, Z., Shang, D., Wu, Y., Wu, Z., Song, Y., Lou, S., Hallquist, M., and Yu, J.:
The secondary formation of organosulfates under interactions between biogenic emissions and anthropogenic pollutants in summer in Beijing, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 10693–10713, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-10693-2018, 2018.
Wang, Y., Hu, M., Lin, P., Tan, T., Li, M., Xu, N., Zheng, J., Du, Z., Qin, Y., Wu, Y., Lu, S., Song, Y., Wu, Z., Guo, S., Zeng, L., Huang, X., and He, L.:
Enhancement in particulate organic nitrogen and light absorption of humic-like substances over Tibetan Plateau due to long-range transported biomass burning emissions, Environ. Sci. Technol., 53, 14222–14232, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.9b06152, 2019.
Wang, Y., Hu, M., Wang, Y.-C., Li, X., Fang, X., Tang, R., Lu, S., Wu, Y., Guo, S., Wu, Z., Hallquist, M., and Yu, J. Z.:
Comparative study of particulate organosulfates in contrasting atmospheric environments: field evidence for the significant influence of anthropogenic sulfate and NOx, Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett., 7, 787–794, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.estlett.0c00550, 2020.
Willoughby, A. S., Wozniak, A. S., and Hatcher, P. G.:
A molecular-level approach for characterizing water-insoluble components of ambient organic aerosol particulates using ultrahigh-resolution mass spectrometry, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 10299–10314, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-10299-2014, 2014.
Wozniak, A. S., Bauer, J. E., Sleighter, R. L., Dickhut, R. M., and Hatcher, P. G.:
Technical Note: Molecular characterization of aerosol-derived water soluble organic carbon using ultrahigh resolution electrospray ionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 8, 5099–5111, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-8-5099-2008, 2008.
Wu, C., Yang, J., Fu, Q., Zhu, B., Ruan, T., and Jiang, G.:
Molecular characterization of water-soluble organic compounds in PM2.5 using ultrahigh resolution mass spectrometry, Sci. Total. Environ., 668, 917–924, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.03.031, 2019.
Wu, G., Ram, K., Fu, P., Wang, W., Zhang, Y., Liu, X., Stone, E. A., Pradhan, B. B., Dangol, P. M., Panday, A. K., Wan, X., Bai, Z., Kang, S., Zhang, Q., and Cong, Z.:
Water-soluble brown carbon in atmospheric aerosols from Godavari (Nepal), a regional representative of South Asia, Environ. Sci. Technol., 53, 3471–3479, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.9b00596, 2019.
Xie, M., Chen, X., Hays, M. D., Lewandowski, M., Offenberg, J., Kleindienst, T. E., and Holder, A. L.:
Light absorption of secondary organic aerosol: composition and contribution of nitroaromatic compounds, Environ. Sci. Technol., 51, 11607–11616, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.7b03263, 2017.
Xie, X., Chen, Y., Nie, D., Liu, Y., Liu, Y., Lei, R., Zhao, X., Li, H., and Ge, X.:
Light-absorbing and fluorescent properties of atmospheric brown carbon: A case study in Nanjing, China, Chemosphere, 251, 126350, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126350, 2020.
Xu, B., Cheng, Z., Gustafsson, Ö., Kawamura, K., Jin, B., Zhu, S., Tang, T., Zhang, B., Li, J., and Zhang, G.:
Compound-specific radiocarbon analysis of low molecular weight dicarboxylic acids in ambient aerosols using preparative gas chromatography: method development, Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett., 8, 135–141, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.estlett.0c00887, 2021.
Yang, Z., Tsona, N. T., Li, J., Wang, S., Xu, L., You, B., and Du, L.:
Effects of NOx and SO2 on the secondary organic aerosol formation from the photooxidation of 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene: A new source of organosulfates, Environ. Pollut., 264, 114742, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114742, 2020.
Yang, Z., Tsona, N. T., George, C., and Du, L.:
Nitrogen-containing compounds enhance Light absorption of aromatic-derived brown carbon, Environ. Sci. Technol., 56, 4005–4016, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.1c08794, 2022.
Zeng, Y., Ning, Y., Shen, Z., Zhang, L., Zhang, T., Lei, Y., Zhang, Q., Li, G., Xu, H., Ho, S. S. H., and Cao, J.:
The roles of N, S, and O in molecular absorption features of brown carbon in PM2.5 in a typical-semi arid megacity in Northwestern China, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 126, e2021JD034791, https://doi.org/10.1029/2021jd034791, 2021.
Zhang, A., Wang, Y., Zhang, Y., Weber, R. J., Song, Y., Ke, Z., and Zou, Y.:
Modeling the global radiative effect of brown carbon: a potentially larger heating source in the tropical free troposphere than black carbon, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 1901–1920, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-1901-2020, 2020.
Zhang, R., Gen, M., Liang, Z., Li, Y. J., and Chan, C. K.:
Photochemical reactions of glyoxal during particulate ammonium nitrate photolysis: brown carbon formation, enhanced glyoxal decay, and organic phase formation, Environ. Sci. Technol., 56, 1605–1614, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.1c07211, 2022.
Zhang, T., Shen, Z., Zhang, L., Tang, Z., Zhang, Q., Chen, Q., Lei, Y., Zeng, Y., Xu, H., and Cao, J.:
PM2.5 Humic-like substances over Xi'an, China: Optical properties, chemical functional group, and source identification, Atmos. Res., 234, 104784, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2019.104784, 2020.
Zhang, T., Shen, Z., Zeng, Y., Cheng, C., Wang, D., Zhang, Q., Lei, Y., Zhang, Y., Sun, J., Xu, H., Ho, S. S. H., and Cao, J.:
Light absorption properties and molecular profiles of HULIS in PM2.5 emitted from biomass burning in traditional “Heated Kang” in Northwest China, Sci. Total. Environ., 776, 146014, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146014, 2021.
Zhang, T., Huang, S., Wang, D., Sun, J., Zhang, Q., Xu, H., Hang Ho, S. S., Cao, J., and Shen, Z.:
Seasonal and diurnal variation of PM2.5 HULIS over Xi'an in Northwest China: Optical properties, chemical functional group, and relationship with reactive oxygen species (ROS), Atmos. Environ., 268, 118782, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2021.118782, 2022a.
Zhang, T., Shen, Z., Huang, S., Lei, Y., Zeng, Y., Sun, J., Zhang, Q., Ho, S. S. H., Xu, H., and Cao, J.:
Optical properties, molecular characterizations, and oxidative potentials of different polarity levels of water-soluble organic matters in winter PM2.5 in six China's megacities, Sci. Total. Environ., 853, 158600, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158600, 2022b.
Zhang, Y., Forrister, H., Liu, J., Dibb, J., Anderson, B., Schwarz, J. P., Perring, A. E., Jimenez, J. L., Campuzano-Jost, P., Wang, Y., Nenes, A., and Weber, R. J.:
Top-of-atmosphere radiative forcing aected by brown carbon in the upper troposphere, Nat. Geosci., 10, 486–489, https://doi.org/10.1038/NGEO2960, 2017.
Zhao, M., Qiao, T., Li, Y., Tang, X., Xiu, G., and Yu, J. Z.:
Temporal variations and source apportionment of Hulis-C in PM2.5 in urban Shanghai, Sci. Total. Environ., 571, 18–26, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.07.127, 2016.
Zhao, Y., Hallar, A. G., and Mazzoleni, L. R.:
Atmospheric organic matter in clouds: exact masses and molecular formula identification using ultrahigh-resolution FT-ICR mass spectrometry, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 12343–12362, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-12343-2013, 2013.
Zheng, G., He, K., Duan, F., Cheng, Y., and Ma, Y.:
Measurement of humic-like substances in aerosols: A review, Environ. Pollut., 181, 301–314, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2013.05.055, 2013.
Zheng, Y., Chen, Q., Cheng, X., Mohr, C., Cai, J., Huang, W., Shrivastava, M., Ye, P., Fu, P., Shi, X., Ge, Y., Liao, K., Miao, R., Qiu, X., Koenig, T. K., and Chen, S.:
Precursors and pathways leading to enhanced secondary organic aerosol formation during severe haze episodes, Environ. Sci. Technol., 55, 15680–15693, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.1c04255, 2021.
Short summary
The interaction between the sources and molecular compositions of humic-like substances (HULIS) at Nanjing, China, was explored. Significant fossil fuel source contributions to HULIS were found in the 14C results from biomass burnng and traffic emissions. Increasing biogenic secondary organic aerosol (SOA) products and anthropogenic aromatic compounds were detected in summer and winter, respectively.
The interaction between the sources and molecular compositions of humic-like substances (HULIS)...
Altmetrics
Final-revised paper
Preprint