Articles | Volume 22, issue 14
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-9681-2022
© Author(s) 2022. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-9681-2022
© Author(s) 2022. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
The impacts of wildfires on ozone production and boundary layer dynamics in California's Central Valley
Keming Pan
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Department of Land, Air, and Water Resources and the Air Quality Research
Center, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
Ian C. Faloona
Department of Land, Air, and Water Resources and the Air Quality Research
Center, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
Related authors
No articles found.
David D. Parrish, Ian C. Faloona, and Richard G. Derwent
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 263–289, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-263-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-263-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Observation-based estimates of contributions to maximum ozone (O3) concentrations show that background O3 can exceed the air quality standard of 70 ppb in the southwestern US, precluding standard attainment. Over the past 4 decades, US anthropogenic O3 has decreased by a factor of ~ 6.3, while wildfire contributions have increased, so that the background now dominates maximum concentrations, even in Los Angeles, and the occurrence of maximum O3 has shifted from the eastern to the western US.
Richard G. Derwent, David D. Parrish, and Ian C. Faloona
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 13613–13623, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-13613-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-13613-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Elevated tropospheric ozone concentrations driven by anthropogenic precursor emissions are a world-wide health and environmental concern; however, this issue lacks a generally accepted understanding of the scientific issues. Here, we briefly outline the elements required to conduct an international assessment process to establish a conceptual model of the underpinning science and motivate international policy forums for regulating ozone production over hemispheric and global scales.
David D. Parrish, Richard G. Derwent, Ian C. Faloona, and Charles A. Mims
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 13423–13430, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-13423-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-13423-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Accounting for the continuing long-term decrease of pollution ozone and the large 2020 Arctic stratospheric ozone depletion event improves estimates of background ozone changes caused by COVID-19-related emission reductions; they are smaller than reported earlier. Cooperative, international emission control efforts aimed at maximizing the ongoing decrease in hemisphere-wide background ozone may be the most effective approach to improving ozone pollution in northern midlatitude countries.
Cited articles
Ainsworth, E.: A. Understanding and improving global crop response to ozone
pollution, Plant J., 90, 886–897, https://doi.org/10.1111/tpj.13298, 2017.
AirNow-Tech: Data Queries, MADIS [data set],
https://www.airnowtech.org/data/index.cfm (last access: 3 June 2021), 2020.
Akagi, S. K., Yokelson, R. J., Burling, I. R., Meinardi, S., Simpson, I., Blake, D. R., McMeeking, G. R., Sullivan, A., Lee, T., Kreidenweis, S., Urbanski, S., Reardon, J., Griffith, D. W. T., Johnson, T. J., and Weise, D. R.: Measurements of reactive trace gases
and variable O3 formation rates in some South Carolina biomass burning
plumes, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 1141–1165, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-1141-2013, 2013.
Alvarado, M. J., Logan, J. A., Mao, J., Apel, E., Riemer, D., Blake, D., Cohen, R. C., Min, K.-E., Perring, A. E., Browne, E. C., Wooldridge, P. J., Diskin, G. S., Sachse, G. W., Fuelberg, H., Sessions, W. R., Harrigan, D. L., Huey, G., Liao, J., Case-Hanks, A., Jimenez, J. L., Cubison, M. J., Vay, S. A., Weinheimer, A. J., Knapp, D. J., Montzka, D. D., Flocke, F. M., Pollack, I. B., Wennberg, P. O., Kurten, A., Crounse, J., Clair, J. M. St., Wisthaler, A., Mikoviny, T., Yantosca, R. M., Carouge, C. C., and Le Sager, P.: Nitrogen oxides and PAN in plumes from boreal fires during ARCTAS-B and their impact on ozone: an integrated analysis of aircraft and satellite observations, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 9739–9760, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-9739-2010, 2010.
Baker, K. R., Woody, M. C., Valin, L., Szykman, J., Yates, E. L., Iraci, L. T., Choi, H. D., Soja, A. J., Koplitz, S. N., Zhou, L. Campuzano-Jost, P. Jimenez, J. L., and Hair, J. W.: Photochemical model evaluation of 2013
California wild fire air quality impacts using surface, aircraft, and
satellite data, Sci. Total Environ., 637, 1137–1149, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.05.048, 2018.
Baldocchi, D., Knox, S., Dronova, I., Verfaillie, J., Oikawa, P., Sturtevant, C., Matthes, J. H., and Detto, M.: The impact of expanding flooded land
area on the annual evaporation of rice, Agr. Forest Meteorol., 223, 181–193,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2016.04.001, 2016.
Baylon, P., Jaffe, D. A., Wigder, N. L., Gao, H., and Hee, J.: Ozone
enhancement in western US wildfire plumes at the Mt. Bachelor Observatory:
The role of NOx, Atmos. Environ., 109, 297–304, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2014.09.013, 2015.
Baylon, P., Jaffe, D. A., Hall, S. R., Ullmann, K., Alvarado, M. J., and
Lefer, B. L.: Impact of biomass burning plumes on photolysis rates and ozone
formation at the Mount Bachelor Observatory, J. Geophys.
Res.-Atmos., 123, 2272–2284, https://doi.org/10.1002/2017JD027341, 2018.
Bianco, L., Djalalova, I. V., King, C. W., and Wilczak, J. M.: Diurnal
evolution and annual variability of boundary-layer height and its
correlation to other meteorological variables in California's Central
Valley, Bound.-Lay. Meteorol., 140, 491–511, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10546-011-9622-4, 2011.
Brey, S. J. and Fischer, E. V.: Smoke in the city: how often and where
does smoke impact summertime ozone in the United States?, Environ.
Sci. Technol., 50, 1288–1294, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.5b05218, 2016.
Brey, S. J., Barnes, E. A., Pierce, J. R., Wiedinmyer, C., and Fischer, E.
V.: Environmental conditions, ignition type, and air quality impacts of
wildfires in the southeastern and western United States, Earth's
Future, 6, 1442–1456, https://doi.org/10.1029/2018EF000972,
2018a.
Brey, S. J., Ruminski, M., Atwood, S. A., and Fischer, E. V.: Connecting smoke plumes to sources using Hazard Mapping System (HMS) smoke and fire location data over North America, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 1745–1761, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-1745-2018, 2018b.
Brey, S. J., Barnes, E. A., Pierce, J. R., Swann, A. L., and Fischer, E.
V.: Past variance and future projections of the environmental conditions
driving western US summertime wildfire burn area, Earth's Future, 9, e2020EF001645,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2020EF001645, 2021.
Briggs, N. L., Jaffe, D. A., Gao, H., Hee, J. R., Baylon, P. M., Zhang, Q., Zhou, S., Collier, S. C., Sampson, P. D., and Cary, R. A.: Particulate matter, ozone, and nitrogen species in
aged wildfire plumes observed at the Mount Bachelor Observatory, Aerosol
Air Qual. Res., 16, 3075–3087, https://doi.org/10.4209/aaqr.2016.03.0120,
2016.
Brune, W. H., Baier, B. C., Thomas, J., Ren, X., Cohen, R. C., Pusede, S. E., Browne, E. C., Goldstein, A. H., Gentner, D. R., Keutsch, F. N., Thornton, J. A., Harrold, S., Lopez-Hilfiker, F. D., and Wennberg, P. O.: Ozone production chemistry in the presence of
urban plumes, Faraday Discuss., 189, 169–189, https://doi.org/10.1039/C5FD00204D, 2016.
Buysse, C. E., Kaulfus, A., Nair, U., and Jaffe, D. A.: Relationships
between particulate matter, ozone, and nitrogen oxides during urban smoke
events in the western US, Environ. Sci. Technol., 53,
12519–12528, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.9b05241, 2019.
California Air Resources Board: Air Quality and Meteorological Information
System, California Air Resources Board [data set], https://www.arb.ca.gov/aqmis2/aqmis2.php (last access: 17 February 2022), 2020.
California Irrigation Management Information System: Solar Radiation
Measurements, CIMIS Stations Reports [data set],
https://cimis.water.ca.gov/WSNReportCriteria.aspx (last access: 17 February 2022), 2020.
David, A. T., Asarian, J. E., and Lake, F. K.: Wildfire smoke cools summer
river and stream water temperatures, Water Resour. Res., 54, 7273–7290,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2018WR022964, 2018.
de Gouw, J. A. and Lovejoy, E. R.: Reactive uptake of ozone by liquid
organic compounds, Geophys. Res. Lett., 25, 931–934, https://doi.org/10.1029/98GL00515, 1998.
Dunlea, E. J., Herndon, S. C., Nelson, D. D., Volkamer, R. M., San Martini, F., Sheehy, P. M., Zahniser, M. S., Shorter, J. H., Wormhoudt, J. C., Lamb, B. K., Allwine, E. J., Gaffney, J. S., Marley, N. A., Grutter, M., Marquez, C., Blanco, S., Cardenas, B., Retama, A., Ramos Villegas, C. R., Kolb, C. E., Molina, L. T., and Molina, M. J.: Evaluation of nitrogen dioxide chemiluminescence monitors in a polluted urban environment, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 2691–2704, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-7-2691-2007, 2007.
Faloona, I. C., Chiao, S., Eiserloh, A. J., Alvarez, R. J., Kirgis, G., Langford, A. O., Senff, C. J., Caputi, D., Hu, A., Iraci, L. T., Yates, E. L., Marrero, J. E., Ryoo, J., Conley, S., Tanrikulu, S., Xu, J., and Kuwayama, T.: The California Baseline Ozone
Transport Study (CABOTS), Bull. Am. Meteorol.
Soc., 101, E427–E445, https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-18-0302.1, 2020.
Fischer, E. V., Jaffe, D. A., Reidmiller, D. R., and Jaegle, L.:
Meteorological controls on observed peroxyacetyl nitrate at Mount Bachelor
during the spring of 2008, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 115, D03302, https://doi.org/10.1029/2009JD012776,
2010.
Hennemuth, B. and Lammert, A.: Determination of the atmospheric boundary
layer height from radiosonde and lidar backscatter, Bound.-Lay. Meteorol., 120, 181–200,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10546-005-9035-3, 2006.
Jaffe, D. A. and Wigder, N. L.: Ozone production from wildfires: A
critical review, Atmos. Environ., 51, 1–10, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2011.11.063, 2012.
Jenkin, M. E. and Hayman, G. D.: Photochemical ozone creation potentials
for oxygenated volatile organic compounds: sensitivity to variations in
kinetic and mechanistic parameters, Atmos. Environ., 33, 1275–1293,
https://doi.org/10.1016/S1352-2310(98)00261-1, 1999.
Knox, S., Matthes, J. H., Verfaillie, J., and Baldocchi, D.:
AmeriFlux BASE US-Twt Twitchell Island, Ver. 6-5, AmeriFlux AMP [Data set],
https://doi.org/10.17190/AMF/1246140, 2018.
Langford, A. O., Alvarez, R. J., Brioude, J., Caputi, D., Conley, S. A., Evan, S., Faloona, I. C., Iraci, L. T., Kirgis, G., Marrero, J. E., Ryoo, J. M., Senff, C. J., and Yates, E. L.: Ozone production in the Soberanes smoke haze: Implications
for air quality in the San Joaquin Valley during the California Baseline
Ozone Transport Study, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 125,
e2019JD031777, https://doi.org/10.1029/2019JD031777, 2020.
Leighton, P. A.: Photochemistry of Air Pollution, Vol. 9, Academic Press, New York, USA, ISBN 9780124422506, 1961.
Leukauf, D., Gohm, A., and Rotach, M. W.: Quantifying horizontal and vertical tracer mass fluxes in an idealized valley during daytime, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 13049–13066, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-13049-2016, 2016.
Lin, M., Horowitz, L. W., Payton, R., Fiore, A. M., and Tonnesen, G.: US surface ozone trends and extremes from 1980 to 2014: quantifying the roles of rising Asian emissions, domestic controls, wildfires, and climate, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 2943–2970, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-2943-2017, 2017.
Lin, X., Trainer, M., and Liu, S. C.: On the nonlinearity of the
tropospheric ozone production, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 93, 15879–15888, https://doi.org/10.1029/JD093iD12p15879, 1988.
Lippmann, H. H., Jesser, B., and Schurath, U.: The rate constant of NO + O3 → NO2 + O2 in the temperature range of 283–44 K, Int.
J. Chem. Kinet., 12, 547–554, https://doi.org/10.1002/kin.550120805, 1980.
Liu, C., Fedorovich, E., Huang, J., Hu, X. M., Wang, Y., and Lee, X.:
Impact of aerosol shortwave radiative heating on entrainment in the
atmospheric convective boundary layer: A large-eddy simulation
study, J. Atmos. Sci., 76, 785–799, https://doi.org/10.1175/JAS-D-18-0107.1, 2019.
Liu, S. C., Trainer, M., Fehsenfeld, F. C., Parrish, D. D., Williams, E. J., Fahey, D. W., Hübler, G., and Murphy, P. C.: Ozone production in the rural
troposphere and the implications for regional and global ozone
distributions, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 92,
4191–4207, https://doi.org/10.1029/JD092iD04p04191, 1987.
Ma, S., Xu, L., Verfaillie, J., and Baldocchi, D.: AmeriFlux BASE
US-Var Vaira Ranch-Ione, Ver. 16-5, AmeriFlux AMP [data set],
https://doi.org/10.17190/AMF/1245984, 2021.
Mannschreck, K., Gilge, S., Plass-Duelmer, C., Fricke, W., and Berresheim, H.: Assessment of the applicability of NO-NO2-O3 photostationary state to long-term measurements at the Hohenpeissenberg GAW Station, Germany, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 4, 1265–1277, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-4-1265-2004, 2004.
McClure, C. D. and Jaffe, D. A.: Investigation of high ozone events due to
wildfire smoke in an urban area, Atmos. Environ., 194, 146–157,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2018.09.021, 2018.
National Report of Wildland Fires and Acres Burned by State:
https://www.nifc.gov/fire-information/statistics, last access: 11 December 2020.
Ninneman, M. and Jaffe, D. A.: The impact of wildfire smoke on ozone
production in an urban area: Insights from field observations and
photochemical box modeling, Atmos. Environ., 267, 118764, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2021.118764, 2021.
NOAA: Physical Sciences Laboratory: 915 MHz Wind Profiler, Profiler Network
Data and Image Library, https://psl.noaa.gov/data/obs/datadisplay/, last access: 17 November 2020a.
NOAA: The Office of Satellite and Product Operations (OSPO): Hazard Mapping System (HMS) Fire and Smoke Analysis, GOES Biomass Burning Emissions Product (GBBEP) [data set], https://www.ospo.noaa.gov/Products/land/hms.html, last access: 11 December 2020b.
NOAA: Physical Sciences Laboratory: Climate Analysis and
Plotting Tools, NOAA [data set], https://psl.noaa.gov/cgi-bin/data/getpage.pl, last access: 20 April 2022,
2022.
Olszyna, K. J., Bailey, E. M., Simonaitis, R., and Meagher, J. F.: O3 and
NOy relationships at a rural site, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 99, 14557–14563, https://doi.org/10.1029/94JD00739, 1994.
Pahlow, M., Kleissl, J., and Parlange, M. B.: Atmospheric boundary-layer
structure observed during a haze event due to forest-fire
smoke, Bound.-Lay. Meteorol., 114, 53–70, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10546-004-6350-z, 2005.
Pal, S. and Haeffelin, M.: Forcing mechanisms governing diurnal, seasonal,
and interannual variability in the boundary layer depths: Five years of
continuous lidar observations over a suburban site near Paris, J.
Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 120, 11–936,
https://doi.org/10.1002/2015JD023268, 2015.
Parrish, D. D., Trainer, M., Holloway, J. S., Yee, J. E., Warshawsky, M. S., Fehsenfeld, F. C., Forbes, G. L., and Moody, J. L.: Relationships between ozone and
carbon monoxide at surface sites in the North Atlantic region, J.
Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 103, 13357–13376, https://doi.org/10.1029/98JD00376, 1998.
Pfister, G. G., Wiedinmyer, C., and Emmons, L. K.: Impacts of the fall 2007
California wildfires on surface ozone: Integrating local observations with
global model simulations, Geophys. Res. Lett., 35, L19814, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008GL034747, 2008.
Potter, B. E.: Atmospheric properties associated with large
wildfires, Int. J. Wildland Fire, 6, 71–76,
https://doi.org/10.1071/WF9960071, 1996.
Pusede, S. E., Gentner, D. R., Wooldridge, P. J., Browne, E. C., Rollins, A. W., Min, K.-E., Russell, A. R., Thomas, J., Zhang, L., Brune, W. H., Henry, S. B., DiGangi, J. P., Keutsch, F. N., Harrold, S. A., Thornton, J. A., Beaver, M. R., St. Clair, J. M., Wennberg, P. O., Sanders, J., Ren, X., VandenBoer, T. C., Markovic, M. Z., Guha, A., Weber, R., Goldstein, A. H., and Cohen, R. C.: On the temperature dependence of organic reactivity, nitrogen oxides, ozone production, and the impact of emission controls in San Joaquin Valley, California, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 3373–3395, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-3373-2014, 2014.
Pusede, S. E., Duffey, K. C., Shusterman, A. A., Saleh, A., Laughner, J. L., Wooldridge, P. J., Zhang, Q., Parworth, C. L., Kim, H., Capps, S. L., Valin, L. C., Cappa, C. D., Fried, A., Walega, J., Nowak, J. B., Weinheimer, A. J., Hoff, R. M., Berkoff, T. A., Beyersdorf, A. J., Olson, J., Crawford, J. H., and Cohen, R. C.: On the effectiveness of nitrogen oxide reductions as a control over ammonium nitrate aerosol, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 2575–2596, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-2575-2016, 2016.
Reid, J. S., Koppmann, R., Eck, T. F., and Eleuterio, D. P.: A review of biomass burning emissions part II: intensive physical properties of biomass burning particles, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 5, 799–825, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-5-799-2005, 2005.
Rolph, G. D., Draxler, R. R., Stein, A. F., Taylor, A., Ruminski, M. G., Kondragunta, S., Zeng, J., Huang, H. C., Manikin, G., McQueen, J. T., and Davidson, P. M.: Description and verification of
the NOAA smoke forecasting system: the 2007 fire season, Weather
Forecast., 24, 361–378, https://doi.org/10.1175/2008WAF2222165.1, 2009.
Rombout, P. J., Lioy, P. J., and Goldstein, B. D.: Rationale for an
eight-hour ozone standard, J. Air Pollut. Control
Assoc., 36, 913–917, https://doi.org/10.1080/00022470.1986.10466130, 1986.
Ruminski, M., Kondragunta, S., Draxler, R., and Zeng, J.: Recent changes to the hazard mapping system, in: Proceedings of the 15th International Emission Inventory Conference, New Orleans, USA, 15–18 May 2006, Vol. 15, p. 18, 2006.
Selimovic, V., Yokelson, R. J., McMeeking, G. R., and Coefield, S.: In situ measurements of trace gases, PM, and aerosol optical properties during the 2017 NW US wildfire smoke event, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 3905–3926, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-3905-2019, 2019.
Selimovic, V., Yokelson, R. J., McMeeking, G. R., and Coefield, S.: Aerosol
mass and optical properties, smoke influence on O3, and high NO3 production
rates in a western US city impacted by wildfires, J. Geophys.
Res.-Atmos., 125, e2020JD032791, https://doi.org/10.1029/2020JD032791, 2020.
Sillman, S.: The relation between ozone, NOx and hydrocarbons in urban and
polluted rural environments, Atmos. Environ., 33, 1821–1845,
https://doi.org/10.1016/S1352-2310(98)00345-8, 1999.
Sillman, S. and Samson, P. J.: Impact of temperature on oxidant
photochemistry in urban, polluted rural and remote environments, J.
Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 100, 11497–11508,
https://doi.org/10.1029/94JD02146, 1995.
Simon, H., Reff, A., Wells, B., Xing, J., and Frank, N.: Ozone trends
across the United States over a period of decreasing NOx and VOC
emissions, Environ. Sci. Technol., 49, 186–195, https://doi.org/10.1021/es504514z, 2015.
Singh, H. B., Cai, C., Kaduwela, A., Weinheimer, A., and Wisthaler, A.:
Interactions of fire emissions and urban pollution over California: Ozone
formation and air quality simulations, Atmos. Environ., 56, 45–51,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2012.03.046, 2012.
Standard operating procedures for ambient air monitoring:
https://www.atmospheric-chemistry-and-physics.net/submission.html#manuscriptcomposition (last access: 17 February 2022),
2021.
Stavros, E. N., Abatzoglou, J. T., McKenzie, D., and Larkin, N. K.:
Regional projections of the likelihood of very large wildland fires under a
changing climate in the contiguous Western United States, Climatic
Change, 126, 455–468, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-014-1229-6, 2014.
Stein, A. F., Draxler, R. R., Rolph, G. D., Stunder, B. J., Cohen, M. D.,
and Ngan, F.: NOAA's HYSPLIT atmospheric transport and dispersion modeling
system, Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 96, 2059–2077,
https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-14-00110.1, 2015.
Steinbacher, M., Zellweger, C., Schwarzenbach, B., Bugmann, S., Buchmann, B., Ordóñez, C., Prévôt, A. S., and Hueglin, C.: Nitrogen oxide measurements
at rural sites in Switzerland: Bias of conventional measurement
techniques, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 112, D11307,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2006JD007971, 2007.
Steiner, A. L., Davis, A. J., Sillman, S., Owen, R. C., Michalak, A. M.,
and Fiore, A. M.: Observed suppression of ozone formation at extremely high
temperatures due to chemical and biophysical feedbacks, P.
Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 107, 19685–19690, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1008336107, 2010.
Trainer, M., Parrish, D. D., Buhr, M. P., Norton, R. B., Fehsenfeld, F. C., Anlauf, K. G., Bottenheim, J. W., Tang, Y. Z., Wiebe, H. A., Roberts, J. M., Tanner, R. L., Newman, L., Bowersox, V. C., Meagher, J. F., Olszyna, K. J., Rodgers, M. O., Wang, T., Berresheim, H., Demerjian, K. L., and Roychowdhury, U. K.: Correlation of ozone with NOy in
photochemically aged air, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 98, 2917–2925, https://doi.org/10.1029/92JD01910, 1993.
Trebs, I., Bohn, B., Ammann, C., Rummel, U., Blumthaler, M., Königstedt, R., Meixner, F. X., Fan, S., and Andreae, M. O.: Relationship between the NO2 photolysis frequency and the solar global irradiance, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 2, 725–739, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2-725-2009, 2009.
Trousdell, J. F., Conley, S. A., Post, A., and Faloona, I. C.: Observing entrainment mixing, photochemical ozone production, and regional methane emissions by aircraft using a simple mixed-layer framework, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 15433–15450, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-15433-2016, 2016.
Trousdell, J. F., Caputi, D., Smoot, J., Conley, S. A., and Faloona, I. C.: Photochemical production of ozone and emissions of NOx and CH4 in the San Joaquin Valley, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 10697–10716, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-10697-2019, 2019.
Val Martín, M. V., Honrath, R. E., Owen, R. C., Pfister, G., Fialho,
P., and Barata, F.: Significant enhancements of nitrogen oxides, black
carbon, and ozone in the North Atlantic lower free troposphere resulting
from North American boreal wildfires, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 111, D23S60, https://doi.org/10.1029/2006JD007530,
2006.
Volz-Thomas, A., Pätz, H. W., Houben, N., Konrad, S., Mihelcic, D.,
Klüpfel, T., and Perner, D.: Inorganic trace gases and peroxy radicals
during BERLIOZ at Pabstthum: An investigation of the photostationary state
of NOx and O3, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 108, PHO 4-1–PHO 4-15,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2001JD001255, 2003.
Wendisch, M., Mertes, S., Ruggaber, A., and Nakajima, T.: Vertical profiles
of aerosol and radiation and the influence of a temperature inversion:
Measurements and radiative transfer calculations, J. Appl.
Meteorol., 35, 1703–1715, 1996.
Xu, Z., Wang, T., Xue, L. K., Louie, P. K., Luk, C. W., Gao, J., Wang, S. L., Chai, F. H., and Wang, W. X.: Evaluating the uncertainties of thermal catalytic conversion in
measuring atmospheric nitrogen dioxide at four differently polluted sites in
China, Atmos. Environ., 76, 221–226, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2012.09.043, 2013.
Zhang, L., Jacob, D. J., Yue, X., Downey, N. V., Wood, D. A., and Blewitt, D.: Sources contributing to background surface ozone in the US Intermountain West, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 5295–5309, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-5295-2014, 2014.
Zhong, S., Whiteman, C. D., and Bian, X.: Diurnal evolution of
three-dimensional wind and temperature structure in California's Central
Valley, J. Appl. Meteorol., 43, 1679–1699, https://doi.org/10.1175/JAM2154.1, 2004.
Short summary
This work represents a unique analysis of 10 existing air quality network sites and meteorological sites, two AmeriFlux sites, and a radio acoustic sounding system in the Central Valley of California during five consecutive fire seasons, June through September, from 2016 to 2020. We find that the ozone production rate increases by ~ 50 % during wildfire influenced periods. Wildfire smoke also decreases the heat flux by 30 % and results in 12 % lower mixed-layer height.
This work represents a unique analysis of 10 existing air quality network sites and...
Altmetrics
Final-revised paper
Preprint