Articles | Volume 21, issue 6
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-4487-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-4487-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
23 Mar 2021
Research article |
| 23 Mar 2021
| 23 Mar 2021
Aerosol impacts on warm-cloud microphysics and drizzle in a moderately polluted environment
Ying-Chieh Chen
Department of Atmospheric Sciences, National Central University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
Department of Atmospheric Sciences, National Central University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
Center for Environmental Monitoring and Technology, National Central University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
Qilong Min
Atmospheric Sciences Research Center, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY, USA
Atmospheric Sciences Research Center, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY, USA
Joint Center for Satellite Data Assimilation, Boulder, CO, USA
Pay-Liam Lin
Department of Atmospheric Sciences, National Central University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
Neng-Huei Lin
Department of Atmospheric Sciences, National Central University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
Center for Environmental Monitoring and Technology, National Central University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
Kao-Shan Chung
Department of Atmospheric Sciences, National Central University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
Everette Joseph
Atmospheric Sciences Research Center, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY, USA
now at: National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, USA
Related authors
No articles found.
Shih-Wei Wei, Jérôme Barré, Soyoung Ha, Cheng-Hsuan Lu, Maryam Abdi-Oskouei, Benjamin Ménétrier, and Cheng Dang
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-4503, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-4503, 2025
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for Geoscientific Model Development (GMD).
Short summary
Short summary
This paper presents a flexible workflow using a unified data assimilation framework to evaluate atmospheric composition models. It enables comparison of observations with forecasts of trace gases and aerosols from different models. The system is consistent and adaptable, reducing repetitive work, supporting model validation and observation assessment, and aligning evaluation with operational data assimilation for research and practical applications.
Duy-Hieu Nguyen, Hsin-Cheng Hsieh, Mao-Chang Liang, Neng-Huei Lin, Chieh-Heng Wang, and Jia-Lin Wang
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-4090, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-4090, 2025
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (ACP).
Short summary
Short summary
Using year-round, high-frequency non-methane hydrocarbons measurements from three monitoring sites, each with distinct source–receptor characteristics, this study applied the source apportionment model to resolve eight sources and assess ozone-forming potential. Distinct acetylene plumes at Linyuan (R² > 0.99) provided an internal consistency check. Results reveal spatial–seasonal source variability and highlight the roles of petroleum, mixed, and aged air sources in ozone formation management.
Saginela Ravindra Babu and Neng-Huei Lin
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-4223, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-4223, 2025
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (ACP).
Short summary
Short summary
This study investigates record-breaking aerosol loading over the South China Sea in April 2023, driven by intense biomass burning in Laos and Myanmar. Using satellite and reanalysis data, we show that compound climate extremes and circulation anomalies enhanced fire activity and altered smoke transport, leading to severe transboundary pollution. The findings highlight links between climate variability, aerosols, and regional air quality in Southeast Asia.
Po-Hsun Lin, Sheng-Hsiang Wang, Otto Klemm, and Neng-Huei Lin
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-3777, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-3777, 2025
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (ACP).
Short summary
Short summary
This study used in-situ observations to explore how long-range transported biomass-burning aerosols affect the development of warm clouds in Southeast Asia. Our findings provide evidence of the nonlinear responses of cloud systems to absorbing aerosols. When liquid water is relatively abundant compared to aerosol concentration, increased aerosols tend to enhance droplet formation; otherwise, aerosols may suppress cloud development by altering the surrounding environment.
Kao-Shen Chung, Chin-Chuan Chang, Bing-Xue Zhuang, Chih-Chien Tsai, Chen-Hau Lan, and Wei-Yu Chang
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-3857, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-3857, 2025
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for Atmospheric Measurement Techniques (AMT).
Short summary
Short summary
This study compares two configurations of the dual-polarization observation operator for radar data assimilation. The power-law method efficiently simulates reflectivity but may introduce a negative bias in differential reflectivity. The direct integration approach yields more accurate and realistic simulations of both variables, with lower residuals, making it the more proper operator for dual-pol radar data assimilation.
Steven Soon-Kai Kong, Joshua S. Fu, Neng-Huei Lin, Guey-Rong Sheu, and Wei-Syun Huang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 7245–7268, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-7245-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-7245-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
The accuracy of the chemical transport model, a key focus of our research, is strongly dependent on the dry deposition parameterization. Our findings show that the refined CMAQ dust model correlated well with ground-based and high-altitude in situ measurements by implementing the suggested dry deposition schemes. Furthermore, we reveal the mixing state of two types of aerosols at the upper level, a finding supported by both the optimized model and measurements.
Shih-Wei Wei, Mariusz Pagowski, Arlindo da Silva, Cheng-Hsuan Lu, and Bo Huang
Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 795–813, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-795-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-795-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study describes the modeling system and the evaluation results for the first prototype version of a global aerosol reanalysis product at NOAA, prototype NOAA Aerosol ReAnalysis version 1.0 (pNARA v1.0). We evaluated pNARA v1.0 against independent datasets and compared it with other reanalyses. We identified deficiencies in the system (both in the forecast model and in the data assimilation system) and the uncertainties that exist in our reanalysis.
Steven Soon-Kai Kong, Saginela Ravindra Babu, Sheng-Hsiang Wang, Stephen M. Griffith, Jackson Hian-Wui Chang, Ming-Tung Chuang, Guey-Rong Sheu, and Neng-Huei Lin
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 1041–1058, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-1041-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-1041-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
In this study, we combined ground observations from 7-SEAS Dongsha Experiment, MERRA-2 reanalysis, and MODIS satellite images for evaluation and improvement of the CMAQ dust model for cases of East Asian Dust reaching the Taiwan region, including Dongsha in the western Pacific. We proposed a better CMAQ dust treatment over East Asia and for the first time revealed the impact of typhoons on dust transport.
Kai-I Lin, Kao-Shen Chung, Sheng-Hsiang Wang, Li-Hsin Chen, Yu-Chieng Liou, Pay-Liam Lin, Wei-Yu Chang, Hsien-Jung Chiu, and Yi-Hui Chang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 10423–10438, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-10423-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-10423-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This study develops a hybrid microphysics scheme to enable the complex model simulation of cloud seeding based on observational cloud condensation nuclei size distribution. Our results show that more precipitation can be developed in the scenarios seeding in the in-cloud region, and seeding over an area of tens km2 is the most efficient strategy due to the strengthening of the accretion process. Moreover, particles bigger than 0.4 μm are the main factor contributing to cloud-seeding effects.
Jackson Hian-Wui Chang, Stephen M. Griffith, Steven Soon-Kai Kong, Ming-Tung Chuang, and Neng-Huei Lin
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 6357–6382, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-6357-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-6357-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
A novel CMAQ–PMF-based composite index is developed to identify the key VOC source species for an effective ozone abatement strategy. The index provides information as to which VOC species are key to ozone formation and where to reduce sources of these VOC species. Using the composite index, we recommended the VOC control measures in southern Taiwan should prioritize solvent usage, vehicle emissions, and the petrochemical industry.
Saginela Ravindra Babu, Chang-Feng Ou-Yang, Stephen M. Griffith, Shantanu Kumar Pani, Steven Soon-Kai Kong, and Neng-Huei Lin
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 4727–4740, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-4727-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-4727-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
In October 2006 and 2015, extensive fire episodes occurred in Indonesia, releasing an enormous amount of CO emissions. By combining in situ and satellite CO measurements and reanalysis products, we reported plausible transport pathways of CO from Indonesia to the Lulin Atmospheric Background Station (LABS; 23.47° N, 120.87° E; 2862 m a.s.l.) in Taiwan. We identified (i) horizontal transport in the free troposphere and (ii) vertical transport through the Hadley circulation.
Ukkyo Jeong, Si-Chee Tsay, N. Christina Hsu, David M. Giles, John W. Cooper, Jaehwa Lee, Robert J. Swap, Brent N. Holben, James J. Butler, Sheng-Hsiang Wang, Somporn Chantara, Hyunkee Hong, Donghee Kim, and Jhoon Kim
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 11957–11986, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-11957-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-11957-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Ultraviolet (UV) measurements from satellite and ground are important for deriving information on several atmospheric trace and aerosol characteristics. Simultaneous retrievals of aerosol and trace gases in this study suggest that water uptake by aerosols is one of the important phenomena affecting aerosol properties over northern Thailand, which is important for regional air quality and climate. Obtained aerosol properties covering the UV are also important for various satellite algorithms.
Ki-Hong Min, Kao-Shen Chung, Ji-Won Lee, Cheng-Rong You, and Gyuwon Lee
Geosci. Model Dev. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-2022-18, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-2022-18, 2022
Revised manuscript not accepted
Short summary
Short summary
LETKF underestimated the water vapor mixing ratio and temperature compared to 3DVAR due to a lack of a water vapor mixing ratio and temperature observation operator. Snowfall in GWD was less simulated in LETKF. The results signify that water vapor assimilation is important in radar DA and significantly impacts precipitation forecasts, regardless of the DA method used. Therefore, it is necessary to apply observation operators for water vapor mixing ratio and temperature in radar DA.
Dustin Francis Phillip Grogan, Cheng-Hsuan Lu, Shih-Wei Wei, and Sheng-Po Chen
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 2385–2398, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-2385-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-2385-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This study shows that incorporating aerosols into satellite radiance calculations affects the representation of African easterly waves (AEWs), and their environment, over North Africa and the eastern Atlantic in a numerical weather model. These changes are driven by radiative effects of Saharan dust captured by the aerosol-affected radiances, which modify the initial fields and can improve the forecasting of AEWs.
Cheng-Hsuan Lu, Quanhua Liu, Shih-Wei Wei, Benjamin T. Johnson, Cheng Dang, Patrick G. Stegmann, Dustin Grogan, Guoqing Ge, Ming Hu, and Michael Lueken
Geosci. Model Dev., 15, 1317–1329, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-15-1317-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-15-1317-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This article is a technical note on the aerosol absorption and scattering calculations of the Community Radiative Transfer Model (CRTM) v2.2 and v2.3. It also provides guidance for prospective users of the CRTM aerosol option and Gridpoint Statistical Interpolation (GSI) aerosol-aware radiance assimilation. Scientific aspects of aerosol-affected BT in atmospheric data assimilation are also briefly discussed.
Clémence Rose, Martine Collaud Coen, Elisabeth Andrews, Yong Lin, Isaline Bossert, Cathrine Lund Myhre, Thomas Tuch, Alfred Wiedensohler, Markus Fiebig, Pasi Aalto, Andrés Alastuey, Elisabeth Alonso-Blanco, Marcos Andrade, Begoña Artíñano, Todor Arsov, Urs Baltensperger, Susanne Bastian, Olaf Bath, Johan Paul Beukes, Benjamin T. Brem, Nicolas Bukowiecki, Juan Andrés Casquero-Vera, Sébastien Conil, Konstantinos Eleftheriadis, Olivier Favez, Harald Flentje, Maria I. Gini, Francisco Javier Gómez-Moreno, Martin Gysel-Beer, Anna Gannet Hallar, Ivo Kalapov, Nikos Kalivitis, Anne Kasper-Giebl, Melita Keywood, Jeong Eun Kim, Sang-Woo Kim, Adam Kristensson, Markku Kulmala, Heikki Lihavainen, Neng-Huei Lin, Hassan Lyamani, Angela Marinoni, Sebastiao Martins Dos Santos, Olga L. Mayol-Bracero, Frank Meinhardt, Maik Merkel, Jean-Marc Metzger, Nikolaos Mihalopoulos, Jakub Ondracek, Marco Pandolfi, Noemi Pérez, Tuukka Petäjä, Jean-Eudes Petit, David Picard, Jean-Marc Pichon, Veronique Pont, Jean-Philippe Putaud, Fabienne Reisen, Karine Sellegri, Sangeeta Sharma, Gerhard Schauer, Patrick Sheridan, James Patrick Sherman, Andreas Schwerin, Ralf Sohmer, Mar Sorribas, Junying Sun, Pierre Tulet, Ville Vakkari, Pieter Gideon van Zyl, Fernando Velarde, Paolo Villani, Stergios Vratolis, Zdenek Wagner, Sheng-Hsiang Wang, Kay Weinhold, Rolf Weller, Margarita Yela, Vladimir Zdimal, and Paolo Laj
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 17185–17223, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-17185-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-17185-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Aerosol particles are a complex component of the atmospheric system the effects of which are among the most uncertain in climate change projections. Using data collected at 62 stations, this study provides the most up-to-date picture of the spatial distribution of particle number concentration and size distribution worldwide, with the aim of contributing to better representation of aerosols and their interactions with clouds in models and, therefore, better evaluation of their impact on climate.
Maggie Chel-Gee Ooi, Ming-Tung Chuang, Joshua S. Fu, Steven S. Kong, Wei-Syun Huang, Sheng-Hsiang Wang, Sittichai Pimonsree, Andy Chan, Shantanu Kumar Pani, and Neng-Huei Lin
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 12521–12541, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-12521-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-12521-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
There is very limited local modeling effort in Southeast Asia, where haze is an annually recurring threat. In this work, the accuracy of haze prediction is improved not only at the burning source but also at the downwind site in northern Southeast Asia to highlight the influence of trans-boundary haze, which is often regional. The burning haze is carried to the populated west of Taiwan via several mechanisms, with the most severe conditions related to the boreal winter pressure system.
Jayalakshmi Janapati, Balaji Kumar Seela, Pay-Liam Lin, Meng-Tze Lee, and Everette Joseph
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 25, 4025–4040, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-4025-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-4025-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Typhoon (TY) and non-typhoon (NTY) rainy days in northern Taiwan summer seasons showed more large drops on NTY than TY rainy days. Relatively higher convective activity and drier conditions in NTY than TY lead to variations in microphysical characteristics between TY and NTY rainy days. The raindrop size distribution and kinetic energy relations assessed for TY and NTY rainfall can be useful for evaluating the radar rainfall estimation algorithms, cloud modeling, and rainfall erosivity studies.
Saginela Ravindra Babu, Madineni Venkat Ratnam, Ghouse Basha, Shantanu Kumar Pani, and Neng-Huei Lin
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 5533–5547, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-5533-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-5533-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The present study explores the detailed structure, dynamics, and trace gas variability in the Asian summer monsoon anticyclone (ASMA) in the extreme El Niño of 2015/16. The results find the structure of the ASMA shows strong spatial variability between July and August. A West Pacific mode of the anticyclone is noticed in August. A significant lowering of tropospheric tracers and strong increase in stratospheric tracers are found. The tropopause temperatures also exhibit a warming in the ASMA.
Youhua Tang, Huisheng Bian, Zhining Tao, Luke D. Oman, Daniel Tong, Pius Lee, Patrick C. Campbell, Barry Baker, Cheng-Hsuan Lu, Li Pan, Jun Wang, Jeffery McQueen, and Ivanka Stajner
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 2527–2550, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-2527-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-2527-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Chemical lateral boundary condition (CLBC) impact is essential for regional air quality prediction during intrusion events. We present a model mapping Goddard Earth Observing System (GEOS) to Community Multi-scale Air Quality (CMAQ) CB05–AERO6 (Carbon Bond 5; version 6 of the aerosol module) species. Influence depends on distance from the inflow boundary and species and their regional characteristics. We use aerosol optical thickness to derive CLBCs, achieving reasonable prediction.
Ming-Tung Chuang, Maggie Chel Gee Ooi, Neng-Huei Lin, Joshua S. Fu, Chung-Te Lee, Sheng-Hsiang Wang, Ming-Cheng Yen, Steven Soon-Kai Kong, and Wei-Syun Huang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 14947–14967, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-14947-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-14947-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
This study evaluated the impact of Asian haze from the three biggest industrial regions on Taiwan and analyzed the process during transport. The production and removal process revealed the mechanisms of long-range transport. This is the first time that the brute force method and process analysis technique has been applied in a Community Multiscale Air Quality Modeling System. Also, this study simulated the interesting transboundary transport of pollutants from southern mainland China to Taiwan.
Cited articles
Ackerman, A. S., Kirkpatrick, M. P., Stevens, D. E., and Toon, O. B.: The
impact of humidity above stratiform clouds on indirect aerosol climate
forcing, Nature, 432, 1014–1017, 2004.
Albrecht, B. A.: Aerosols, cloud microphysics, and fractional cloudiness,
Science, 245, 1227–1231, 1989.
Albrecht, B. A., Bretherton, C. S., Johnson, D., Scubert, W. H., and Frisch,
A. S.: The Atlantic stratocumulus transition experiment–ASTEX, B.
Am. Meteor. Soc., 76, 889–904, 1995.
Andreae, M. O., Rosenfeld, D., Artaxo, P., Costa, A., Frank, G., Longo, K.,
and Silva-Dias, M.: Smoking rain clouds over the Amazon, Science, 303,
1337–1342, 2004.
Bellouin, N., Quaas, J., Gryspeerdt, E., Kinne, S., Stier, P., Watson-Parris, D., Boucher, O., Carslaw, K., Christensen, M., Daniau, A.-L., Dufresne, J.-L., Feingold, G., Fiedler, S., Forster, P., Gettelman, A., Haywood, J., Lohmann, U., Malavelle, F., Mauritsen, T., McCoy, D., Myhre, G., Mülmenstädt, J., Neubauer, D., Possner, A., Rugenstein, M., Sato, Y., Schulz, M., Schwartz, S., Sourdeval, O., Storelvmo, T., Toll, V., Winker, D., and Stevens, B.: Bounding global aerosol radiative forcing of climate change. Reviews of Geophysics, 58, e2019RG000660, https://doi.org/10.1029/2019RG000660, 2020.
Bony, S., Colman, R., Kattsov, V. M., Allan, R. P., Bretherton, C. S.,
Dufresne, J.-L., Hall, A., Hallegatte, S., Holland, M. M., and Ingram, W.:
How well do we understand and evaluate climate change feedback processes?,
J. Climate, 19, 3445–3482, 2006.
Bréon, F.-M., Tanré, D., and Generoso, S.: Aerosol effect on cloud
droplet size monitored from satellite, Science, 295, 834–838, 2002.
Bretherton, C. S., Wood, R., George, R. C., Leon, D., Allen, G., and Zheng, X.: Southeast Pacific stratocumulus clouds, precipitation and boundary layer structure sampled along 20° S during VOCALS-REx, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 10639–10654, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-10639-2010, 2010.
Charlson, R. J., Schwartz, S., Hales, J., Cess, R. D., Coakley, J. J.,
Hansen, J., and Hofmann, D.: Climate forcing by anthropogenic aerosols,
Science, 255, 423–430, 1992.
Christensen, M. W., Neubauer, D., Poulsen, C. A., Thomas, G. E., McGarragh, G. R., Povey, A. C., Proud, S. R., and Grainger, R. G.: Unveiling aerosol–cloud interactions – Part 1: Cloud contamination in satellite products enhances the aerosol indirect forcing estimate, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 13151–13164, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-13151-2017, 2017.
Comstock, K. K., Wood, R., Yuter, S. E., and Bretherton, C. S.: Reflectivity
and rain rate in and below drizzling stratocumulus, Q. J. Roy. Meteorol. Soc., 130, 2891–2918, 2004.
Costantino, L. and Bréon, F. M.: Analysis of aerosol-cloud interaction
from multi-sensor satellite observations, Geophys. Res. Lett., 30, 1287, https://doi.org/10.1029/2002GL016633, 2010.
Feingold, G., Remer, L. A., Ramaprasad, J., and Kaufman, Y. J.: Analysis of
smoke impact on clouds in Brazilian biomass burning regions: An extension of
Twomey's approach, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 106,
22907–22922, 2001.
Feingold, G., Eberhard, W. L., Veron, D. E., and Previdi, M.: First
measurements of the Twomey indirect effect using ground-based remote
sensors, Geophys. Res. Lett., 30, L11801, https://doi.org/10.1029/2009GL041828, 2003.
Ghan, S. J., Guzman, G., and Abdul-Razzak, H.: Competition between sea salt
and sulfate particles as cloud condensation nuclei, J.
Atmos. Sci., 55, 3340–3347, 1998.
Giorgi, F., Bi, X., and Qian, Y.: Indirect vs. direct effects of
anthropogenic sulfate on the climate of East Asia as simulated with a
regional coupled climate-chemistry/aerosol model, Clim. Change, 58,
345–376, 2003.
Grandey, B. S. and Stier, P.: A critical look at spatial scale choices in satellite-based aerosol indirect effect studies, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 11459–11470, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-11459-2010, 2010.
Greenberg, S.: Ground Based Rainfall Measurements at the NASA Wallops Flight
Facility, Pennsylvania State University, 2001.
Guo, H., Golaz, J. C., and Donner, L.: Aerosol effects on stratocumulus
water paths in a PDF-based parameterization, Geophys. Res. Lett.,
38, L17808, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011GL048611, 2011.
Huang, Y., Chameides, W. L., and Dickinson, R. E.: Direct and indirect
effects of anthropogenic aerosols on regional precipitation over east Asia,
J. Geophys. Res., 112, D03212, https://doi.org/10.1029/2006JD007114, 2007.
Huschke, R. E.: Glossary of Meteorology, American Meteorological Society, Boston, MA, 638 pp., 1959.
Jones, T. A., Christopher, S. A., and Quaas, J.: A six year satellite-based assessment of the regional variations in aerosol indirect effects, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 4091–4114, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-4091-2009, 2009.
Kiehl, J. and Briegleb, B.: The relative roles of sulfate aerosols and
greenhouse gases in climate forcing, Science, 260, 311–314, 1993.
Kim, B. G., Miller, M. A., Schwartz, S. E., Liu, Y., and Min, Q.: The role
of adiabaticity in the aerosol first indirect effect, J. Geophys.
Res.-Atmos., 113, D05210, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007JD008961, 2008.
Krüger, O. and Graßl, H.: The indirect aerosol effect over Europe,
Geophys. Res. Lett., 29, 1925, https://doi.org/10.1029/2001GL014081, 2002.
Levy, R. and Hsu, C.: MODIS Atmosphere L2 Aerosol Product, NASA MODIS Adaptive Processing System, Goddard Space Flight Center, USA, https://doi.org/10.5067/MODIS/MYD04_L2.061, 2015 (data available at: https://ladsweb.modaps.eosdis.nasa.gov/search/, last access: 22 February 2021).
Lohmann, U. and Feichter, J.: Global indirect aerosol effects: a review, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 5, 715–737, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-5-715-2005, 2005.
Lu, M. L., Conant, W. C., Jonsson, H. H., Varutbangkul, V., Flagan, R. C.,
and Seinfeld, J. H.: The Marine Stratus/Stratocumulus Experiment (MASE):
Aerosol-cloud relationships in marine stratocumulus, J. Geophys.
Res.-Atmos., 112, D10209, https://doi.org/10.1029/2006JD007985, 2007.
Lu, M. L., Sorooshian, A., Jonsson, H. H., Feingold, G., Flagan, R. C., and
Seinfeld, J. H.: Marine stratocumulus aerosol-cloud relationships in the
MASE-II experiment: Precipitation susceptibility in eastern Pacific marine
stratocumulus, J. Geophys.Res.-Atmos., 114, D24203, https://doi.org/10.1029/2009JD012774, 2009.
Maletto, A., McKendry, I., and Strawbridge, K.: Profiles of particulate
matter size distributions using a balloon-borne lightweight aerosol
spectrometer in the planetary boundary layer, Atmos. Environ., 37,
661–670, 2003.
McComiskey, A., Feingold, G., Frisch, A. S., Turner, D. D., Miller, M. A.,
Chiu, J. C., Min, Q., and Ogren, J. A.: An assessment of aerosol-cloud
interactions in marine stratus clouds based on surface remote sensing,
J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 114, D09203, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008JD011006, 2009.
Menon, S., Hansen, J., Nazarenko, L., and Luo, Y.: Climate effects of black
carbon aerosols in China and India, Science, 297, 2250–2253, 2002.
Menon, S., Del Genio, A. D., Kaufman, Y., Bennartz, R., Koch, D., Loeb, N.,
and Orlikowski, D.: Analyzing signatures of aerosol-cloud interactions from
satellite retrievals and the GISS GCM to constrain the aerosol indirect
effect, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 113, D14S22, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007JD009442, 2008.
Myhre, G., Stordal, F., Johnsrud, M., Kaufman, Y. J., Rosenfeld, D., Storelvmo, T., Kristjansson, J. E., Berntsen, T. K., Myhre, A., and Isaksen, I. S. A.: Aerosol-cloud interaction inferred from MODIS satellite data and global aerosol models, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 3081–3101, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-7-3081-2007, 2007.
Nakajima, T., Higurashi, A., Kawamoto, K., and Penner, J. E.: A possible
correlation between satellite-derived cloud and aerosol microphysical
parameters, Geophys. Res. Lett., 28, 1171–1174, 2001.
Ou, S., Liou, K., Hsu, N., and Tsay, S.: Satellite remote sensing of dust
aerosol indirect effects on cloud formation over Eastern Asia, Int.
J. Remote Sens., 33, 7257–7272, 2012.
Penner, J. E., Andreae, M., Annegarn, H., Barrie, L., Feichter, J., Hegg,
D., Jayaraman, A., Leaitch, R., Murphy, D., and Nganga, J.: Aerosols, their
direct and indirect effects, in: Climate Change 2001: The Scientific Basis.
Contribution of Working Group I to the Third Assessment Report of the
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 289–348, 2001.
Pincus, R. and Baker, M. B.: Effect of precipitation on the albedo
susceptibility of clouds in the marine boundary layer, Nature, 372, 250–252,
1994.
Planetary Boundary Layer and Air Pollution Lab of the Department of Atmospheric Sciences (PBLAP), National Central University, Taiwan: http://pblap.atm.ncu.edu.tw/weather10.asp, last access: 22 February 2021.
Platnick, S., Ackerman, S., King, M., et al.: MODIS Atmosphere L2 Cloud Product (06_L2). NASA MODIS Adaptive Processing System, Goddard Space Flight Center, USA, https://doi.org/10.5067/MODIS/MYD06_L2.061, 2015 (data available at: https://ladsweb.modaps.eosdis.nasa.gov/search/, last access: 22 February 2021).
Ramanathan, V., Crutzen, P., Kiehl, J., and Rosenfeld, D.: Aerosols,
climate, and the hydrological cycle, Science, 294, 2119–2124, 2001.
Ramaswamy, V., Boucher, O., Haigh, J., Hauglustaine, D., Hay-wood, J., Myhre, G., Nakajima, T., Shi, G. Y., and Solomon, S.: Radiative Forcing of Climate Change, in: Climate Change 2001: The Scientific Basis, Contribution of working group I to the Third Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, edited by: Houghton, J. T., Ding, Y., Griggs, D.J., Noguer, M., Van der Linden, P. J., Dai, X., Maskell, K., and Johnson, C. A., 349–416, Cambridge Univ. Press, New York, 2001.
Rosenfeld, D.: TRMM observed first direct evidence of smoke from forest
fires inhibiting rainfall, Geophys. Res. Lett., 26, 3105–3108,
1999.
Rosenfeld, D., Sherwood, S., Wood, R., and Donner, L.: Climate effects of
aerosol-cloud interactions, Science, 343, 379–380, 2014.
Saito, M., Yang, P., Hu, Y., Liu, X., Loeb, N., Smith Jr, W. L., and Minnis,
P.: An Efficient Method for Microphysical Property Retrievals in Vertically
Inhomogeneous Marine Water Clouds Using MODIS-CloudSat Measurements, J.
Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 124, 2174–2193, 2019.
Saponaro, G., Kolmonen, P., Sogacheva, L., Rodriguez, E., Virtanen, T., and de Leeuw, G.: Estimates of the aerosol indirect effect over the Baltic Sea region derived from 12 years of MODIS observations, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 3133–3143, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-3133-2017, 2017.
Seela, B. K., Janapati, J., Lin, P. L., Reddy, K. K., Shirooka, R., and
Wang, P. K.: A comparison study of summer season raindrop size distribution
between Palau and Taiwan, two islands in western Pacific, J.
Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 122, 11787–11805, 2017.
Sekiguchi, M., Nakajima, T., Suzuki, K., Kawamoto, K., Higurashi, A.,
Rosenfeld, D., Sano, I., and Mukai, S.: A study of the direct and indirect
effects of aerosols using global satellite data sets of aerosol and cloud
parameters, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 108, 4699, https://doi.org/10.1029/2002JD003359, 2003.
Shen, Z., Cao, J., Arimoto, R., Han, Z., Zhang, R., Han, Y., Liu, S., Okuda,
T., Nakao, S., and Tanaka, S.: Ionic composition of TSP and PM2. 5 during
dust storms and air pollution episodes at Xi'an, China, Atmos.
Environ., 43, 2911–2918, 2009.
Small, J. D., Chuang, P. Y., Feingold, G., and Jiang, H.: Can aerosol
decrease cloud lifetime?, Geophys. Res. Lett., 36, L16806, https://doi.org/10.1029/2009GL038888, 2009.
Sporre, M. K., Swietlicki, E., Glantz, P., and Kulmala, M.: A long-term satellite study of aerosol effects on convective clouds in Nordic background air, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 2203–2217, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-2203-2014, 2014.
Stephens, G. L., L'Ecuyer, T., Forbes, R., Gettelmen, A., Golaz, J. C.,
Bodas-Salcedo, A., Suzuki, K., Gabriel, P., and Haynes, J.: Dreary state of
precipitation in global models, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 115, D24211, https://doi.org/10.1029/2010JD014532, 2010.
Stevens, B., Lenschow, D. H., Vali, G., Gerber, H., Bandy, A., Blomquist,
B., Brenguier, J.-L., Bretherton, C., Burnet, F., and Campos, T.: Dynamics
and chemistry of marine stratocumulus–DYCOMS-II, B. Am.
Meteorol. Soc., 84, 579–594, 2003.
Stocker, T.: Climate change 2013: the physical science basis: Working Group
I contribution to the Fifth assessment report of the Intergovernmental Panel
on Climate Change, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2014.
Taiwan EPA (Environmental Protection Administration): https://data.epa.gov.tw/dataset/aqx_p_02, last access: 2 March 2021.
Takemura, T., Nozawa, T., Emori, S., Nakajima, T. Y., and Nakajima, T.:
Simulation of climate response to aerosol direct and indirect effects with
aerosol transport-radiation model, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 110, D02202, https://doi.org/10.1029/2004JD005029, 2005.
Textor, C., Schulz, M., Guibert, S., Kinne, S., Balkanski, Y., Bauer, S., Berntsen, T., Berglen, T., Boucher, O., Chin, M., Dentener, F., Diehl, T., Easter, R., Feichter, H., Fillmore, D., Ghan, S., Ginoux, P., Gong, S., Grini, A., Hendricks, J., Horowitz, L., Huang, P., Isaksen, I., Iversen, I., Kloster, S., Koch, D., Kirkevåg, A., Kristjansson, J. E., Krol, M., Lauer, A., Lamarque, J. F., Liu, X., Montanaro, V., Myhre, G., Penner, J., Pitari, G., Reddy, S., Seland, Ø., Stier, P., Takemura, T., and Tie, X.: Analysis and quantification of the diversities of aerosol life cycles within AeroCom, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 6, 1777–1813, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-6-1777-2006, 2006.
Twohy, C. H., Coakley Jr, J. A., and Tahnk, W. R.: Effect of changes in
relative humidity on aerosol scattering near clouds, J. Geophys.
Res.-Atmos., 114, D05205, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008JD010991, 2009.
Twomey, S.: Pollution and the planetary albedo, Atmos. Environ., 8, 1251–1256, 1974.
VanZanten, M., Stevens, B., Vali, G., and Lenschow, D.: Observations of
drizzle in nocturnal marine stratocumulus, J. Atmos. Sci., 62, 88–106, 2005.
Wang, H., Rasch, P. J., and Feingold, G.: Manipulating marine stratocumulus cloud amount and albedo: a process-modelling study of aerosol-cloud-precipitation interactions in response to injection of cloud condensation nuclei, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 4237–4249, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-4237-2011, 2011.
Wang, M., Ghan, S., Ovchinnikov, M., Liu, X., Easter, R., Kassianov, E., Qian, Y., and Morrison, H.: Aerosol indirect effects in a multi-scale aerosol-climate model PNNL-MMF, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 5431–5455, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-5431-2011, 2011.
Wang, S. H., Lin, N. H., Chou, M. D., Tsay, S. C., Welton, E. J., Hsu, N.
C., Giles, D. M., Liu, G. R., and Holben, B. N.: Profiling transboundary
aerosols over Taiwan and assessing their radiative effects, J.
Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 115, D00K31, https://doi.org/10.1029/2009JD013798, 2010.
Warner, J. and Twomey, S.: The production of cloud nuclei by cane fires and
the effect on cloud droplet concentration, J. Atmos. Sci., 24, 704–706, 1967.
Wood, R.: Drizzle in stratiform boundary layer clouds. Part I: Vertical and
horizontal structure, J. Atmos. Sci., 62, 3011–3033,
2005.
Wood, R., Mechoso, C. R., Bretherton, C. S., Weller, R. A., Huebert, B., Straneo, F., Albrecht, B. A., Coe, H., Allen, G., Vaughan, G., Daum, P., Fairall, C., Chand, D., Gallardo Klenner, L., Garreaud, R., Grados, C., Covert, D. S., Bates, T. S., Krejci, R., Russell, L. M., de Szoeke, S., Brewer, A., Yuter, S. E., Springston, S. R., Chaigneau, A., Toniazzo, T., Minnis, P., Palikonda, R., Abel, S. J., Brown, W. O. J., Williams, S., Fochesatto, J., Brioude, J., and Bower, K. N.: The VAMOS Ocean-Cloud-Atmosphere-Land Study Regional Experiment (VOCALS-REx): goals, platforms, and field operations, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 627–654, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-627-2011, 2011.
Xu, L., Chen, X., Chen, J., Zhang, F., He, C., Zhao, J., and Yin, L.:
Seasonal variations and chemical compositions of PM2. 5 aerosol in the urban
area of Fuzhou, China, Atmos. Res., 104, 264–272, 2012.
Short summary
In this study, we integrate satellite and surface observations to statistically quantify aerosol impacts on low-level warm-cloud microphysics and drizzle over northern Taiwan. Our result provides observational evidence for aerosol indirect effects. The frequency of drizzle is reduced under polluted conditions. For light-precipitation events (≤ 1 mm h-1), however, higher aerosol concentrations drive raindrops toward smaller sizes and thus increase the appearance of the drizzle drops.
In this study, we integrate satellite and surface observations to statistically quantify aerosol...
Altmetrics
Final-revised paper
Preprint