Articles | Volume 18, issue 23
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 16897–16914, 2018
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-16897-2018
© Author(s) 2018. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 16897–16914, 2018
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-16897-2018
© Author(s) 2018. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
29 Nov 2018
Research article
| 29 Nov 2018
Effects of brown coatings on the absorption enhancement of black carbon: a numerical investigation
Jie Luo et al.
Related authors
Jie Luo, Zhengqiang Li, Chenchong Zhang, Qixing Zhang, Yongming Zhang, Ying Zhang, Gabriele Curci, and Rajan K. Chakrabarty
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 7647–7666, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-7647-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-7647-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The fractal black carbon was applied to re-evaluate the regional impacts of morphologies on aerosol–radiation interactions (ARIs), and the effects were compared between the US and China. The regional-mean clear-sky ARI is significantly affected by the BC morphology, and relative differences of 17.1 % and 38.7 % between the fractal model with a Df of 1.8 and the spherical model were observed in eastern China and the northwest US, respectively.
Jie Luo, Zhengqiang Li, Cheng Fan, Hua Xu, Ying Zhang, Weizhen Hou, Lili Qie, Haoran Gu, Mengyao Zhu, Yinna Li, and Kaitao Li
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 15, 2767–2789, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-2767-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-2767-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
A single model is difficult to represent various shapes of dust. We proposed a tunable model to represent dust with various shapes. Two tunable parameters were used to represent the effects of the erosion degree and binding forces from the mass center. Thus, the model can represent various dust shapes by adjusting the tunable parameters. Besides, the applicability of the spheroid model in calculating the optical properties and polarimetric characteristics is evaluated.
Jie Luo, Yongming Zhang, and Qixing Zhang
Geosci. Model Dev., 14, 2113–2126, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-2113-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-2113-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
In this work, we developed a numerical method to investigate the effects of black carbon (BC) morphology on the estimation of brown carbon (BrC) absorption using the absorption Ångström exponent (AAE) method. We found that BC morphologies have significant impacts on the estimated BrC absorptions. Moreover, we have demonstrated under what conditions the AAE methods can provide good or bad estimations and explored the reasons for why the good or bad estimations were caused.
Jie Luo, Zhengqiang Li, Chenchong Zhang, Qixing Zhang, Yongming Zhang, Ying Zhang, Gabriele Curci, and Rajan K. Chakrabarty
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 7647–7666, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-7647-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-7647-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The fractal black carbon was applied to re-evaluate the regional impacts of morphologies on aerosol–radiation interactions (ARIs), and the effects were compared between the US and China. The regional-mean clear-sky ARI is significantly affected by the BC morphology, and relative differences of 17.1 % and 38.7 % between the fractal model with a Df of 1.8 and the spherical model were observed in eastern China and the northwest US, respectively.
Jie Luo, Zhengqiang Li, Cheng Fan, Hua Xu, Ying Zhang, Weizhen Hou, Lili Qie, Haoran Gu, Mengyao Zhu, Yinna Li, and Kaitao Li
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 15, 2767–2789, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-2767-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-2767-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
A single model is difficult to represent various shapes of dust. We proposed a tunable model to represent dust with various shapes. Two tunable parameters were used to represent the effects of the erosion degree and binding forces from the mass center. Thus, the model can represent various dust shapes by adjusting the tunable parameters. Besides, the applicability of the spheroid model in calculating the optical properties and polarimetric characteristics is evaluated.
Jie Luo, Yongming Zhang, and Qixing Zhang
Geosci. Model Dev., 14, 2113–2126, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-2113-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-2113-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
In this work, we developed a numerical method to investigate the effects of black carbon (BC) morphology on the estimation of brown carbon (BrC) absorption using the absorption Ångström exponent (AAE) method. We found that BC morphologies have significant impacts on the estimated BrC absorptions. Moreover, we have demonstrated under what conditions the AAE methods can provide good or bad estimations and explored the reasons for why the good or bad estimations were caused.
Jia Liu, Qixing Zhang, Yinuo Huo, Jinjun Wang, and Yongming Zhang
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 13, 4097–4109, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-4097-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-4097-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Angular behaviors of light scattering properties for loess dust sampled from the Chinese Loess Plateau were investigated using a self-developed apparatus. Two samples with different size distributions were used to represent dust that can or cannot be transported over long ranges. Analyses of optical simulation results showed that differences of measurements are mainly caused by different sizes. This study is useful for the development of optical models of loess dust during transportation.
Related subject area
Subject: Aerosols | Research Activity: Atmospheric Modelling | Altitude Range: Troposphere | Science Focus: Physics (physical properties and processes)
Regional impacts of black carbon morphologies on shortwave aerosol–radiation interactions: a comparative study between the US and China
Tropospheric warming over the northern Indian Ocean caused by South Asian anthropogenic aerosols: possible impact on the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere
Intraseasonal variation of the northeast Asian anomalous anticyclone and its impacts on PM2.5 pollution in the North China Plain in early winter
Inverse modeling of the 2021 spring super dust storms in East Asia
Causal influences of El Niño–Southern Oscillation on global dust activities
Formation, radiative forcing, and climatic effects of severe regional haze
Advances in air quality research – current and emerging challenges
Large-eddy-simulation study on turbulent particle deposition and its dependence on atmospheric-boundary-layer stability
Aerosol indirect effects in complex-orography areas: a numerical study over the Great Alpine Region
Modelling the size distribution of aggregated volcanic ash and implications for operational atmospheric dispersion modelling
The effect of BC on aerosol–boundary layer feedback: potential implications for urban pollution episodes
Relative importance of high-latitude local and long-range-transported dust for Arctic ice-nucleating particles and impacts on Arctic mixed-phase clouds
Technical note: Dispersion of cooking-generated aerosols from an urban street canyon
Comparison of six approaches to predicting droplet activation of surface active aerosol – Part 1: moderately surface active organics
The contribution of coral-reef-derived dimethyl sulfide to aerosol burden over the Great Barrier Reef: a modelling study
Development and application of a street-level meteorology and pollutant tracking system (S-TRACK)
How well do the CMIP6 models simulate dust aerosols?
Input-adaptive linear mixed-effects model for estimating alveolar lung-deposited surface area (LDSA) using multipollutant datasets
Simulated impacts of vertical distributions of black carbon aerosol on meteorology and PM2.5 concentrations in Beijing during severe haze events
Data assimilation of volcanic aerosol observations using FALL3D+PDAF
Simulation of the effects of low-volatility organic compounds on aerosol number concentrations in Europe
New particle formation event detection with Mask R-CNN
Contribution of traffic-originated nanoparticle emissions to regional and local aerosol levels
Reassessment of the radiocesium resuspension flux from contaminated ground surfaces in eastern Japan
Duff burning from wildfires in a moist region: different impacts on PM2.5 and ozone
Assimilating spaceborne lidar dust extinction can improve dust forecasts
Assessing the value meteorological ensembles add to dispersion modelling using hypothetical releases
Effective radiative forcing of anthropogenic aerosols in E3SMv1: historical changes, causality, decomposition, and parameterization sensitivities
Effects of oligomerization and decomposition on the nanoparticle growth: a model study
The role of anthropogenic aerosols in the anomalous cooling from 1960 to 1990 in the CMIP6 Earth system models
Constant flux layers with gravitational settling: links to aerosols, fog and deposition velocities
Examination of aerosol impacts on convective clouds and precipitation in two metropolitan areas in East Asia; how varying depths of convective clouds between the areas diversify those aerosol effects?
Combining POLDER-3 satellite observations and WRF-Chem numerical simulations to derive biomass burning aerosol properties over the southeast Atlantic region
Is the Atlantic Ocean driving the recent variability in South Asian dust?
Molecular-scale description of interfacial mass transfer in phase-separated aqueous secondary organic aerosol
Exploring the uncertainties in the aviation soot–cirrus effect
Reduced effective radiative forcing from cloud–aerosol interactions (ERFaci) with improved treatment of early aerosol growth in an Earth system model
Hyperfine-resolution mapping of on-road vehicle emissions with comprehensive traffic monitoring and an intelligent transportation system
Less atmospheric radiative heating by dust due to the synergy of coarser size and aspherical shape
Air quality deterioration episode associated with a typhoon over the complex topographic environment in central Taiwan
Impact of modified turbulent diffusion of PM2.5 aerosol in WRF-Chem simulations in eastern China
What rainfall rates are most important to wet removal of different aerosol types?
A weather regime characterisation of winter biomass aerosol transport from southern Africa
15-year variability of desert dust optical depth on global and regional scales
Dipole pattern of summer ozone pollution in the east of China and its connection with climate variability
Aerosol absorption in global models from AeroCom phase III
A black carbon peak and its sources in the free troposphere of Beijing induced by cyclone lifting and transport from central China
Competing effects of aerosol reductions and circulation changes for future improvements in Beijing haze
Understanding the surface temperature response and its uncertainty to CO2, CH4, black carbon, and sulfate
Surface deposition of marine fog and its treatment in the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model
Jie Luo, Zhengqiang Li, Chenchong Zhang, Qixing Zhang, Yongming Zhang, Ying Zhang, Gabriele Curci, and Rajan K. Chakrabarty
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 7647–7666, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-7647-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-7647-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The fractal black carbon was applied to re-evaluate the regional impacts of morphologies on aerosol–radiation interactions (ARIs), and the effects were compared between the US and China. The regional-mean clear-sky ARI is significantly affected by the BC morphology, and relative differences of 17.1 % and 38.7 % between the fractal model with a Df of 1.8 and the spherical model were observed in eastern China and the northwest US, respectively.
Suvarna Fadnavis, Prashant Chavan, Akash Joshi, Sunil M. Sonbawne, Asutosh Acharya, Panuganti C. S. Devara, Alexandru Rap, Felix Ploeger, and Rolf Müller
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 7179–7191, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-7179-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-7179-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We show that large amounts of anthropogenic aerosols are transported from South Asia to the northern Indian Ocean. These aerosols are then lifted into the UTLS by the ascending branch of the Hadley circulation. They are further transported to the Southern Hemisphere and downward via westerly ducts over the tropical Atlantic and Pacific. These aerosols increase tropospheric heating, resulting in an increase in water vapor, which is then transported to the UTLS.
Xiadong An, Wen Chen, Peng Hu, Shangfeng Chen, and Lifang Sheng
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 6507–6521, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-6507-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-6507-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The intraseasonal NAAA usually establishes quickly on day −3 with a life span of 8 days. Further results revealed that the probability of regional PM2.5 pollution related to the NAAA for at least 2 days in the NCP is 80% in NDJ period 2000–2021. Particularly, air quality in the NCP tends to deteriorate on day 2 prior to the peak day of the NAAA and reaches a peak on day −1 with a life cycle of 4 days. The corresponding meteorological conditions support these conclusions.
Jianbing Jin, Mijie Pang, Arjo Segers, Wei Han, Li Fang, Baojie Li, Haochuan Feng, Hai Xiang Lin, and Hong Liao
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 6393–6410, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-6393-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-6393-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Super dust storms reappeared in East Asia last spring after being absent for one and a half decades. Accurate simulation of such super sandstorms is valuable, but challenging due to imperfect emissions. In this study, the emissions of these dust storms are estimated by assimilating multiple observations. The results reveal that emissions originated from both China and Mongolia. However, for northern China, long-distance transport from Mongolia contributes much more dust than Chinese deserts.
Thanh Le and Deg-Hyo Bae
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 5253–5263, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-5253-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-5253-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Here we assess the response of dust activities to El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) over the 1850–2014 period using climate model outputs. Our results show that ENSO is an important driver of dust deposition and dust transportation with high consensus across models. However, the results indicate that ENSO is unlikely to show causal impacts on dust emissions of major dust sources. This study allows us to obtain further understanding of the linkages between ENSO and dust cycle at a global scale.
Yun Lin, Yuan Wang, Bowen Pan, Jiaxi Hu, Song Guo, Misti Levy Zamora, Pengfei Tian, Qiong Su, Yuemeng Ji, Jiayun Zhao, Mario Gomez-Hernandez, Min Hu, and Renyi Zhang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 4951–4967, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-4951-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-4951-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Severe regional haze events, which are characterized by exceedingly high levels of fine particulate matter (PM), occur frequently in many developing countries (such as China and India), with profound implications for human health, weather, and climate. Our work establishes a synthetic view for the dominant regional features during severe haze events, unraveling rapid in situ PM production and inefficient transport, both of which are amplified by atmospheric stagnation.
Ranjeet S. Sokhi, Nicolas Moussiopoulos, Alexander Baklanov, John Bartzis, Isabelle Coll, Sandro Finardi, Rainer Friedrich, Camilla Geels, Tiia Grönholm, Tomas Halenka, Matthias Ketzel, Androniki Maragkidou, Volker Matthias, Jana Moldanova, Leonidas Ntziachristos, Klaus Schäfer, Peter Suppan, George Tsegas, Greg Carmichael, Vicente Franco, Steve Hanna, Jukka-Pekka Jalkanen, Guus J. M. Velders, and Jaakko Kukkonen
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 4615–4703, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-4615-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-4615-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This review of air quality research focuses on developments over the past decade. The article considers current and future challenges that are important from air quality research and policy perspectives and highlights emerging prominent gaps of knowledge. The review also examines how air pollution management needs to adapt to new challenges and makes recommendations to guide the direction for future air quality research within the wider community and to provide support for policy.
Xin Yin, Cong Jiang, Yaping Shao, Ning Huang, and Jie Zhang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 4509–4522, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-4509-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-4509-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Through a series of numerical experiments using the large-eddy-simulation model, we have developed an improved particle deposition scheme that takes into account transient wind shear fluctuations. Statistical analysis of the simulation results shows that the shear stress can be well approximated by a Weibull distribution and that the new scheme provides more accurate predictions than the conventional scheme, particularly under weak wind conditions and strong convective atmospheric conditions.
Anna Napoli, Fabien Desbiolles, Antonio Parodi, and Claudia Pasquero
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 3901–3909, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-3901-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-3901-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Aerosols are liquid or solid particles suspended in the air that can interact with radiation and clouds, modifying the meteoclimatic conditions. Using an atmospheric model, we study the climatological impact of aerosols through their effects on clouds in the Alps, a region characterized by high pollution levels in the densely populated surrounding flatlands. Results show that cloud cover, temperature, and precipitation are affected by aerosols, and the response varies with elevation and season.
Frances Beckett, Eduardo Rossi, Benjamin Devenish, Claire Witham, and Costanza Bonadonna
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 3409–3431, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-3409-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-3409-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
As volcanic ash is transported through the atmosphere, it may collide and stick together to form aggregates. Neglecting the process of aggregation in atmospheric dispersion models could lead to inaccurate forecasts used by civil aviation for hazard assessment. We developed an aggregation scheme for use with the model NAME, which is used by the London Volcanic Ash Advisory Centre. Using our scheme, we investigate the impact of aggregation on simulations of the 2010 Eyjafjallajökull ash cloud.
Jessica Slater, Hugh Coe, Gordon McFiggans, Juha Tonttila, and Sami Romakkaniemi
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 2937–2953, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-2937-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-2937-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This paper shows the specific impact of black carbon (BC) on the aerosol–planetary boundary layer (PBL) feedback and its influence on a Beijing haze episode. Overall, this paper shows that strong temperature inversions prevent BC heating within the PBL from significantly increasing PBL height, while BC above the PBL suppresses PBL development significantly through the day. From this we suggest a method by which both locally and regionally emitted BC may impact urban pollution episodes.
Yang Shi, Xiaohong Liu, Mingxuan Wu, Xi Zhao, Ziming Ke, and Hunter Brown
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 2909–2935, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-2909-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-2909-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We perform a modeling study to evaluate the contribution to Arctic dust loading and ice-nucleating particle (INP) population from high-latitude local and low-latitude dust. High-latitude dust has a large contribution in the lower troposphere, while low-latitude dust dominates the upper troposphere. The high-latitude dust INPs result in a net cooling effect on the Arctic surface by glaciating mixed-phase clouds. Our results highlight the contribution of high-latitude dust to the Arctic climate.
Shang Gao, Mona Kurppa, Chak K. Chan, and Keith Ngan
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 2703–2726, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-2703-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-2703-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The contribution of cooking emissions to organic aerosols may exceed that of motor vehicles. However, little is known about how cooking-generated aerosols evolve in the outdoor environment. In this paper, we present a numerical study of the dispersion of cooking emissions. For plausible choices of the emission strength, cooking can yield much higher concentrations than traffic. This has important implications for public health and city planning.
Sampo Vepsäläinen, Silvia M. Calderón, Jussi Malila, and Nønne L. Prisle
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 2669–2687, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-2669-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-2669-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Atmospheric aerosols act as seeds for cloud formation. Many aerosols contain surface active material that accumulates at the surface of growing droplets. This can affect cloud droplet activation, but the broad significance of the effect and the best way to model it are still debated. We compare predictions of six different model approaches to surface activity of organic aerosols and find significant differences between the models, especially with large fractions of organics in the dry particles.
Sonya L. Fiddes, Matthew T. Woodhouse, Steve Utembe, Robyn Schofield, Simon P. Alexander, Joel Alroe, Scott D. Chambers, Zhenyi Chen, Luke Cravigan, Erin Dunne, Ruhi S. Humphries, Graham Johnson, Melita D. Keywood, Todd P. Lane, Branka Miljevic, Yuko Omori, Alain Protat, Zoran Ristovski, Paul Selleck, Hilton B. Swan, Hiroshi Tanimoto, Jason P. Ward, and Alastair G. Williams
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 2419–2445, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-2419-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-2419-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Coral reefs have been found to produce the climatically relevant chemical compound dimethyl sulfide (DMS). It has been suggested that corals can modify their environment via the production of DMS. We use an atmospheric chemistry model to test this theory at a regional scale for the first time. We find that it is unlikely that coral-reef-derived DMS has an influence over local climate, in part due to the proximity to terrestrial and anthropogenic aerosol sources.
Huan Zhang, Sunling Gong, Lei Zhang, Jingwei Ni, Jianjun He, Yaqiang Wang, Xu Wang, Lixin Shi, Jingyue Mo, Huabing Ke, and Shuhua Lu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 2221–2236, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-2221-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-2221-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This study established a multi-model simulation system for street-level circulation and pollutant tracking and applied to real building scenarios and atmospheric conditions. Results showed that for a particular site the potential contribution ratio varies with the height of the site, with a peak not at the ground but at a certain height. This work is of significance for urban planning and improvement of urban air quality.
Alcide Zhao, Claire L. Ryder, and Laura J. Wilcox
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 2095–2119, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-2095-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-2095-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The CMIP6 models' simulated dust processes are getting more uncertain as models become more sophisticated. Of particular challenge are the links between dust cycles and optical properties, and we recommend more detailed output relating to dust cycles in future intercomparison projects to constrain such links. Also, models struggle to capture certain key regional dust processes such as dust accumulation along the slope of the Himalayas and dust seasonal cycles in North China and North America.
Pak Lun Fung, Martha A. Zaidan, Jarkko V. Niemi, Erkka Saukko, Hilkka Timonen, Anu Kousa, Joel Kuula, Topi Rönkkö, Ari Karppinen, Sasu Tarkoma, Markku Kulmala, Tuukka Petäjä, and Tareq Hussein
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 1861–1882, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-1861-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-1861-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We developed an input-adaptive mixed-effects model, which was automatised to select the best combination of input variables, including up to three fixed effect variables and three time indictors as random effect variables. We tested the model to estimate lung-deposited surface area (LDSA), which correlates well with human health. The results show the inclusion of time indicators improved the sensitivity and the accuracy of the model so that it could serve as a network of virtual sensors.
Donglin Chen, Hong Liao, Yang Yang, Lei Chen, Delong Zhao, and Deping Ding
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 1825–1844, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-1825-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-1825-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The black carbon (BC) vertical profile plays a critical role in BC–meteorology interaction, which also influences PM2.5 concentrations. More BC mass was assigned into high altitudes (above 1000 m) in the model, which resulted in a stronger cooling effect near the surface, a larger temperature inversion below 421 m, more reductions in PBLH, and a larger increase in near-surface PM2.5 in the daytime caused by the direct radiative effect of BC.
Leonardo Mingari, Arnau Folch, Andrew T. Prata, Federica Pardini, Giovanni Macedonio, and Antonio Costa
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 1773–1792, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-1773-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-1773-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We present a new implementation of an ensemble-based data assimilation method to improve forecasting of volcanic aerosols. This system can be efficiently integrated into operational workflows by exploiting high-performance computing resources. We found a dramatic improvement of forecast quality when satellite retrievals are continuously assimilated. Management of volcanic risk and reduction of aviation impacts can strongly benefit from this research.
David Patoulias and Spyros N. Pandis
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 1689–1706, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-1689-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-1689-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Our simulations indicate that the recently identified production and subsequent condensation effect of extremely low-volatility organic compounds have a smaller-than-expected effect on the total concentration of atmospheric particles. On the other hand, the oxidation of intermediate-volatility organic compounds leads to decreases in the ultrafine-particle concentrations. These results improve our understanding of the links between secondary organic aerosol formation and ultrafine particles.
Peifeng Su, Jorma Joutsensaari, Lubna Dada, Martha Arbayani Zaidan, Tuomo Nieminen, Xinyang Li, Yusheng Wu, Stefano Decesari, Sasu Tarkoma, Tuukka Petäjä, Markku Kulmala, and Petri Pellikka
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 1293–1309, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-1293-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-1293-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We regarded the banana shapes in the surface plots as a special kind of object (similar to cats) and applied an instance segmentation technique to automatically identify the new particle formation (NPF) events (especially the strongest ones), in addition to their growth rates, start times, and end times. The automatic method generalized well on datasets collected in different sites, which is useful for long-term data series analysis and obtaining statistical properties of NPF events.
Miska Olin, David Patoulias, Heino Kuuluvainen, Jarkko V. Niemi, Topi Rönkkö, Spyros N. Pandis, Ilona Riipinen, and Miikka Dal Maso
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 1131–1148, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-1131-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-1131-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
An emission factor particle size distribution was determined from the measurements at an urban traffic site. It was used in updating a pre-existing emission inventory, and regional modeling was performed after the update. Emission inventories typically underestimate nanoparticle emissions due to challenges in determining them with high certainty. This update reveals that the simulated aerosol levels have previously been underestimated especially for urban areas and for sub-50 nm particles.
Mizuo Kajino, Akira Watanabe, Masahide Ishizuka, Kazuyuki Kita, Yuji Zaizen, Takeshi Kinase, Rikuya Hirai, Kakeru Konnai, Akane Saya, Kazuki Iwaoka, Yoshitaka Shiroma, Hidenao Hasegawa, Naofumi Akata, Masahiro Hosoda, Shinji Tokonami, and Yasuhito Igarashi
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 783–803, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-783-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-783-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Using a numerical model and observations of surface concentration and depositions, the current study provides quantitative assessments of resuspension, transport, and deposition of radio-Cs in eastern Japan in 2013, which was once deposited to the ground surface after the Fukushima nuclear accident. The areal mean resuspension rate of radio-Cs from the ground to the air is estimated as 0.96 % per year, which is equivalent to 1–10 % of the decreasing rate of the ambient gamma dose in Fukushima.
Aoxing Zhang, Yongqiang Liu, Scott Goodrick, and Marcus D. Williams
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 597–624, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-597-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-597-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Duff is decomposed forest fuel under ground. Duff burning often occurs at the smoldering phase with low intensity and long periods, which has little impact on regional air quality. However, there is increasing evidence for duff burning during flaming phases. This study simulates the air quality impacts of duff burning during flaming phases in the southeastern US using a regional air quality model. The results indicate the important contributions of such burning to regional PM2.5 concentrations.
Jerónimo Escribano, Enza Di Tomaso, Oriol Jorba, Martina Klose, Maria Gonçalves Ageitos, Francesca Macchia, Vassilis Amiridis, Holger Baars, Eleni Marinou, Emmanouil Proestakis, Claudia Urbanneck, Dietrich Althausen, Johannes Bühl, Rodanthi-Elisavet Mamouri, and Carlos Pérez García-Pando
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 535–560, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-535-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-535-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We explore the benefits and consistency in adding lidar dust observations in a dust optical depth assimilation. We show that adding lidar data to a dust optical depth assimilation has valuable benefits and the dust analysis improves. We discuss the impact of the narrow satellite footprint of the lidar dust observations on the assimilation.
Susan J. Leadbetter, Andrew R. Jones, and Matthew C. Hort
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 577–596, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-577-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-577-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
In this study we look at the ability of meteorological ensembles (multiple realisations of the meteorological data) to provide information about the uncertainty in the dispersion model predictions. Statistical measures are used to evaluate the model predictions, and these show that on average the ensemble predictions outperform the non-ensemble predictions.
Kai Zhang, Wentao Zhang, Hui Wan, Philip J. Rasch, Steven J. Ghan, Richard C. Easter, Xiangjun Shi, Yong Wang, Hailong Wang, Po-Lun Ma, Shixuan Zhang, Jian Sun, Susannah Burrows, Manish Shrivastava, Balwinder Singh, Yun Qian, Xiaohong Liu, Jean-Christophe Golaz, Qi Tang, Xue Zheng, Shaocheng Xie, Wuyin Lin, Yan Feng, Minghuai Wang, Jin-Ho Yoon, and Ruby L. Leung
Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2021-1087, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2021-1087, 2022
Revised manuscript accepted for ACP
Short summary
Short summary
Here we analyze effective aerosol forcing simulated by E3SMv1 using both century-long free-running and short nudged simulations. The aerosol forcing in E3SMv1 is relatively large compared to other models, mainly due to the large indirect aerosol effect. Aerosol-induced changes in liquid and ice cloud properties in E3SMv1 have a strong correlation. The aerosol forcing estimates in E3SMv1 are sensitive to the parameterization changes in both liquid and ice cloud processes.
Arto Heitto, Kari Lehtinen, Tuukka Petäjä, Felipe Lopez-Hilfiker, Joel A. Thornton, Markku Kulmala, and Taina Yli-Juuti
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 155–171, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-155-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-155-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
For atmospheric aerosol particles to take part in cloud formation, they need to be at least a few tens of nanometers in diameter. By using a particle condensation model, we investigated how two types of chemical reactions, oligomerization and decomposition, of organic molecules inside the particle may affect the growth of secondary aerosol particles to these sizes. We show that the effect is potentially significant, which highlights the importance of increasing understanding of these processes.
Jie Zhang, Kalli Furtado, Steven T. Turnock, Jane P. Mulcahy, Laura J. Wilcox, Ben B. Booth, David Sexton, Tongwen Wu, Fang Zhang, and Qianxia Liu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 18609–18627, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-18609-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-18609-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The CMIP6 ESMs systematically underestimate TAS anomalies in the NH midlatitudes, especially from 1960 to 1990. The anomalous cooling is concurrent in time and space with anthropogenic SO2 emissions. The spurious drop in TAS is attributed to the overestimated aerosol concentrations. The aerosol forcing sensitivity cannot well explain the inter-model spread of PHC biases. And the cloud-amount term accounts for most of the inter-model spread in aerosol forcing sensitivity.
Peter A. Taylor
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 18263–18269, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-18263-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-18263-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Atmospheric aerosols including fog droplets can be deposited on the ground or on water surfaces. This is due to both gravitational settling and turbulent impaction. A simple model of this combined process is developed based on conventional atmospheric-boundary-layer ideas. The model suggests an alternative formulation for the treatment of gravitational settling in the deposition velocity estimations of aerosol particles and fog droplets.
Seoung Soo Lee, Jinho Choi, Goun Kim, Kyung-Ja Ha, Kyong-Hwan Seo, Junshik Um, and Youtong Zheng
Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2021-917, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2021-917, 2021
Revised manuscript accepted for ACP
Short summary
Short summary
This study investigates how aerosols affect clouds and precipitation and how those aerosol effects vary with varying types of clouds that are characterized by cloud depth in two metropolitan areas in East Asia. As cloud depth increases, the enhancement of precipitation amount transitions to no changes in precipitation amount with increasing aerosol concentrations. This indicates that cloud depth needs to be considered for a comprehensive understanding of aerosol-cloud interactions.
Alexandre Siméon, Fabien Waquet, Jean-Christophe Péré, Fabrice Ducos, François Thieuleux, Fanny Peers, Solène Turquety, and Isabelle Chiapello
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 17775–17805, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-17775-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-17775-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
For the first time, we accurately modelled the optical properties of the biomass burning aerosols (BBA) observed over the Southeast Atlantic region during their transport above clouds and over their source regions, combining a meteorology coupled with chemistry model (WRF-Chem) with innovative satellite absorbing aerosol retrievals (POLDER-3). Our results suggest a low but non-negligible brown carbon fraction (3 %) for the chemical composition of the BBA plumes observed over the source regions.
Priyanka Banerjee, Sreedharan Krishnakumari Satheesh, and Krishnaswamy Krishna Moorthy
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 17665–17685, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-17665-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-17665-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We show that the Atlantic Ocean is the major driver of interannual variability in dust over South Asia since the second decade of the 21st century. This is a shift from the previously important role played by the Pacific Ocean in controlling dust over this region. Following the end of the recent global warming hiatus, anomalies of the North Atlantic sea surface temperature have remotely invoked a weakening of the South Asian monsoon and a strengthening of the dust-bearing northwesterlies.
Mária Lbadaoui-Darvas, Satoshi Takahama, and Athanasios Nenes
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 17687–17714, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-17687-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-17687-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Aerosol–cloud interactions constitute the most uncertain contribution to climate change. The uptake kinetics of water by aerosol is a central process of cloud droplet formation, yet its molecular-scale mechanism is unknown. We use molecular simulations to study this process for phase-separated organic particles. Our results explain the increased cloud condensation activity of such particles and can be generalized over various compositions, thus possibly serving as a basis for future models.
Mattia Righi, Johannes Hendricks, and Christof Gerhard Beer
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 17267–17289, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-17267-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-17267-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
A global climate model is applied to simulate the impact of aviation soot on natural cirrus clouds. A large number of numerical experiments are performed to analyse how the quantification of the resulting climate impact is affected by known uncertainties. These concern the ability of aviation soot to nucleate ice and the role of model dynamics. Our results show that both aspects are important for the quantification of this effect and that discrepancies among different model studies still exist.
Sara Marie Blichner, Moa Kristina Sporre, and Terje Koren Berntsen
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 17243–17265, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-17243-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-17243-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
In this study we quantify how a new way of modeling the formation of new particles in the atmosphere affects the estimated cooling from aerosol–cloud interactions since pre-industrial times. Our improved scheme merges two common approaches to aerosol modeling: a sectional scheme for treating early growth and the pre-existing modal scheme in NorESM. We find that the cooling from aerosol–cloud interactions since pre-industrial times is reduced by 10 % when the new scheme is used.
Linhui Jiang, Yan Xia, Lu Wang, Xue Chen, Jianjie Ye, Tangyan Hou, Liqiang Wang, Yibo Zhang, Mengying Li, Zhen Li, Zhe Song, Yaping Jiang, Weiping Liu, Pengfei Li, Daniel Rosenfeld, John H. Seinfeld, and Shaocai Yu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 16985–17002, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-16985-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-16985-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
This paper establishes a bottom-up approach to reveal a unique pattern of urban on-road vehicle emissions at a spatial resolution 1–3 orders of magnitude higher than current inventories. The results show that the hourly average on-road vehicle emissions of CO, NOx, HC, and PM2.5 are 74 kg, 40 kg, 8 kg, and 2 kg, respectively. Integrating our traffic-monitoring-based approach with urban measurements, we could address major data gaps between urban air pollutant emissions and concentrations.
Akinori Ito, Adeyemi A. Adebiyi, Yue Huang, and Jasper F. Kok
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 16869–16891, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-16869-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-16869-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We improve the simulated dust properties of size-resolved dust concentration and particle shape. The improved simulation suggests much less atmospheric radiative heating near the major source regions, because of enhanced longwave warming at the surface by the synergy of coarser size and aspherical shape. Less intensified atmospheric heating could substantially modify the vertical temperature profile in Earth system models and thus has important implications for the projection of dust feedback.
Chuan-Yao Lin, Yang-Fan Sheng, Wan-Chin Chen, Charles C. K. Chou, Yi-Yun Chien, and Wen-Mei Chen
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 16893–16910, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-16893-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-16893-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Taiwan and Hong Kong experience air quality deterioration as typhoons approach. However, the mechanism of the formation of poor air quality may differ and still not be well documented in Taiwan. The interaction between easterly typhoon circulation and Taiwan’s Central Mountain Range resulted in a lee side vortex formation. Simulation results indicated that the lee vortex and land–sea breeze, as well as the boundary layer development, were the key mechanisms.
Wenxing Jia and Xiaoye Zhang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 16827–16841, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-16827-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-16827-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Heavy aerosol pollution incidents have attracted much attention since 2013, but the temporal and spatial limitations of observations and the inaccuracy of simulation are a stumbling block to assessing pollution mechanisms. The correct simulation of boundary layer mixing process of pollutant is a challenge for mesoscale numerical models. We add the turbulent diffusion term of aerosol to the WRF-Chem model to prove the impact of turbulent diffusion on pollutant concentration.
Yong Wang, Wenwen Xia, and Guang J. Zhang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 16797–16816, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-16797-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-16797-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
This study developed a novel approach to detect what rainfall rates climatologically are most efficient for wet removal of different aerosol types and applied it to a global climate model (GCM). Results show that light rain has disproportionate control on aerosol wet scavenging, with distinct rain rates for different aerosol sizes. The approach can be applied to other GCMs to better understand the aerosol wet scavenging by rainfall, which is important to better simulate aerosols.
Marco Gaetani, Benjamin Pohl, Maria del Carmen Alvarez Castro, Cyrille Flamant, and Paola Formenti
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 16575–16591, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-16575-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-16575-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
During the dry austral winter, biomass fires in tropical Africa emit large amounts of smoke in the atmosphere, with large impacts on climate and air quality. The study of the relationship between atmospheric circulation and smoke transport shows that midlatitude atmospheric disturbances may deflect the smoke from tropical Africa towards southern Africa. Understanding the distribution of the smoke in the region is crucial for climate modelling and air quality monitoring.
Stavros-Andreas Logothetis, Vasileios Salamalikis, Antonis Gkikas, Stelios Kazadzis, Vassilis Amiridis, and Andreas Kazantzidis
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 16499–16529, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-16499-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-16499-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
This study investigates the temporal trends of dust optical depth (DOD; 550 nm) on global, regional and seasonal scales over a 15-year period (2003–2017) using the MIDAS (ModIs Dust AeroSol) dataset. The findings of this study revealed that the DOD was increased across the central Sahara and the Arabian Peninsula, with opposite trends over the eastern and western Sahara, the Thar and Gobi deserts, in the Bodélé Depression, and in the southern Mediterranean.
Xiaoqing Ma and Zhicong Yin
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 16349–16361, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-16349-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-16349-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Severe ozone pollution frequently occurred in the east of China and obviously damages human health. The meteorological conditions effectively affect the variations in ozone pollution by modulating the natural emissions of ozone precursors and photochemical reactions in the atmosphere. In this study, a south–north dipole pattern of summer-mean ozone concentration in the east of China was identified, and its connections with preceding climate variability at different latitudes were also examined.
Maria Sand, Bjørn H. Samset, Gunnar Myhre, Jonas Gliß, Susanne E. Bauer, Huisheng Bian, Mian Chin, Ramiro Checa-Garcia, Paul Ginoux, Zak Kipling, Alf Kirkevåg, Harri Kokkola, Philippe Le Sager, Marianne T. Lund, Hitoshi Matsui, Twan van Noije, Dirk J. L. Olivié, Samuel Remy, Michael Schulz, Philip Stier, Camilla W. Stjern, Toshihiko Takemura, Kostas Tsigaridis, Svetlana G. Tsyro, and Duncan Watson-Parris
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 15929–15947, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-15929-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-15929-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Absorption of shortwave radiation by aerosols can modify precipitation and clouds but is poorly constrained in models. A total of 15 different aerosol models from AeroCom phase III have reported total aerosol absorption, and for the first time, 11 of these models have reported in a consistent experiment the contributions to absorption from black carbon, dust, and organic aerosol. Here, we document the model diversity in aerosol absorption.
Zhenbin Wang, Bin Zhu, Hanqing Kang, Wen Lu, Shuqi Yan, Delong Zhao, Weihang Zhang, and Jinhui Gao
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 15555–15567, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-15555-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-15555-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
In this paper, by using WRF-Chem with a black carbon (BC) tagging technique, we investigate the formation mechanism and regional sources of a BC peak in the free troposphere observed by aircraft flights. Local sources dominated BC from the surface to about 700 m (78.5 %), while the BC peak in the free troposphere was almost entirely imported from external sources (99.8 %). Our results indicate that cyclone systems can quickly lift BC up to the free troposphere, as well as extend its lifetime.
Liang Guo, Laura J. Wilcox, Massimo Bollasina, Steven T. Turnock, Marianne T. Lund, and Lixia Zhang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 15299–15308, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-15299-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-15299-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Severe haze remains serious over Beijing despite emissions decreasing since 2008. Future haze changes in four scenarios are studied. The pattern conducive to haze weather increases with the atmospheric warming caused by the accumulation of greenhouse gases. However, the actual haze intensity, measured by either PM2.5 or optical depth, decreases with aerosol emissions. We show that only using the weather pattern index to predict the future change of Beijing haze is insufficient.
Kalle Nordling, Hannele Korhonen, Jouni Räisänen, Antti-Ilari Partanen, Bjørn H. Samset, and Joonas Merikanto
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 14941–14958, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-14941-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-14941-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Understanding the temperature responses to different climate forcing agents, such as greenhouse gases and aerosols, is crucial for understanding future regional climate changes. In climate models, the regional temperature responses vary for all forcing agents, but the causes of this variability are poorly understood. For all forcing agents, the main component contributing to variance in regional surface temperature responses between the climate models is the clear-sky longwave emissivity.
Peter A. Taylor, Zheqi Chen, Li Cheng, Soudeh Afsharian, Wensong Weng, George A. Isaac, Terry W. Bullock, and Yongsheng Chen
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 14687–14702, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-14687-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-14687-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
In marine fog, droplets will impact the water surface, collide and coalesce. This removal process is underestimated or ignored in many fog and weather forecast models. A new atmospheric boundary layer approach is proposed and tested in a standard weather forecast model (Weather Research and Forecasting, WRF). New profile measurements through marine fog layers are suggested.
Cited articles
Adachi, K. and Buseck, P. R.: Internally mixed soot, sulfates, and organic
matter in aerosol particles from Mexico City, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 8,
6469–6481, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-8-6469-2008, 2008. a
Adachi, K., Chung, S. H., and Buseck, P. R.: Shapes of soot aerosol particles
and implications for their effects on climate, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 115, D15206, https://doi.org/10.1029/2009JD012868, 2010. a, b, c
Andreae, M. O. and Gelencsér, A.: Black carbon or brown carbon? The nature
of light-absorbing carbonaceous aerosols, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 6, 3131–3148,
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-6-3131-2006, 2006. a
Bergstrom, R. W.: Predictions of the spectral absorption and extinction
coefficients of an urban air pollution aerosol model, Atmos. Environ., 6, 247–258, https://doi.org/10.1016/0004-6981(72)90083-2, 1972. a
Bi, L. and Yang, P.: Tunneling effects in electromagnetic wave scattering by
nonspherical particles: A comparison of the Debye series and
physical-geometric optics approximations, J. Quant. Spectrosc. Ra., 178, 93–107, 2016. a
Bond, T. C., Covert, D. S., Kramlich, J. C., Larson, T. V., and Charlson,
R. J.: Primary particle emissions from residential coal burning: Optical
properties and size distributions, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 107, 8347, https://doi.org/10.1029/2001JD000571, 2002. a
Bond, T. C., Habib, G., and Bergstrom, R. W.: Limitations in the enhancement of
visible light absorption due to mixing state, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 111, D20211, https://doi.org/10.1029/2006JD007315., 2006. a, b
Bond, T. C., Doherty, S. J., Fahey, D. W., Forster, P. M., Berntsen, T.,
DeAngelo, B. J., Flanner, M. G., Ghan, S., Karcher, B., Koch, D., Kinne, S.,
Kondo, Y., Quinn, P. K., Sarofim, M. C., Schultz, M. G., Schulz, M.,
Venkataraman, C., Zhang, H., Zhang, S., Bellouin, N., Guttikunda, S. K.,
Hopke, P. K., Jacobson, M. Z., Kaiser, J. W., Klimont, Z., Lohmann, U.,
Schwarz, J. P., Shindell, D., Storelvmo, T., Warren, S. G., and Zender,
C. S.: Bounding the role of black carbon in the climate system: A scientific
assessment, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 118, 5380–5552, 2013. a, b
Cappa, C. D., Onasch, T. B., Massoli, P., Worsnop, D. R., Bates, T. S., Cross,
E. S., Davidovits, P., Hakala, J., Hayden, K. L., Jobson, B. T., Kolesar,
K. R., Lack, D. A., Lerner, B. M., Li, S. M., Mellon, D., Nuaaman, I.,
Olfert, J. S., Petaja, T., Quinn, P. K., Song, C., Subramanian, R., Williams,
E. J., and Zaveri, R. A.: Radiative Absorption Enhancements Due to the Mixing
State of Atmospheric Black Carbon, Science, 337, 1078–1081, 2012. a, b, c
Chakrabarty, R. K., Moosmuller, H., Garro, M. A., Arnott, W. P., Walker, J.,
Susott, R. A., Babbitt, R. E., Wold, C. E., Lincoln, E. N., and Hao, W. M.:
Emissions from the laboratory combustion of wildland fuels: Particle
morphology and size, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 111, D07204, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005JD006659, 2006. a, b, c
Cheng, T. H., Wu, Y., Gu, X. F., and Chen, H.: Effects of mixing states on the
multiple-scattering properties of soot aerosols, Opt. Express, 23,
10808–10821, 2015. a
China, S., Mazzoleni, C., Gorkowski, K., Aiken, A. C., and Dubey, M. K.:
Morphology and mixing state of individual freshly emitted wildfire
carbonaceous particles, Nat. Commun., 4, 2122, https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms3122, 2013. a
China, S., Salvadori, N., and Mazzoleni, C.: Effect of Traffic and Driving
Characteristics on Morphology of Atmospheric Soot Particles at Freeway
On-Ramps, Environ. Sci. Technol., 48, 3128–3135, 2014. a
Chung, C. E., Ramanathan, V., and Decremer, D.: Observationally constrained
estimates of carbonaceous aerosol radiative forcing, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 109,
11624–11629, 2012. a
Coz, E. and Leck, C.: Morphology and state of mixture of atmospheric soot
aggregates during the winter season over Southern Asia-a quantitative
approach, Tellus B, 63, 107–116, 2011a. a
Coz, E. and Leck, C.: Morphology and state of mixture of atmospheric soot
aggregates during the winter season over Southern Asia-a quantitative
approach, Tellus B, 63, 107–116, 2011b. a
Cui, X. J., Wang, X. F., Yang, L. X., Chen, B., Chen, J. M., Andersson, A., and
Gustafsson, O.: Radiative absorption enhancement from coatings on black
carbon aerosols, Sci. Total Environ., 551, 51–56, 2016. a
Draine, B. T. and Flatau, P. J.: Discrete-Dipole Approximation for Scattering
Calculations, J. Opt. Soc. Am., 11, 1491–1499, 1994. a
Forster, P., Ramaswamy, V., Artaxo, P., Berntsen, T., Betts, R., Fahey, D.
W., Haywood, J., Lean, J., Lowe, D. C., Myhre, G., Nganga, J., Prinn, R.,
Raga, G., Schultz, M., and Van Dorland, R.: Changes in atmospheric
constituents and in radiative forcing, Chap. 2, in: Climate Change 2007,
The Physical Science Basis, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, 2007. a
Fuller, K. A., Malm, W. C., and Kreidenweis, S. M.: Effects of mixing on
extinction by carbonaceous particles, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 104, 15941–15954, 1999a. a
Fuller, K. A., Malm, W. C., and Kreidenweis, S. M.: Effects of mixing on
extinction by carbonaceous particles, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 104, 15941–15954, 1999b. a
He, C., Liou, K.-N., Takano, Y., Zhang, R., Levy Zamora, M., Yang, P., Li,
Q., and Leung, L. R.: Variation of the radiative properties during black
carbon aging: theoretical and experimental intercomparison, Atmos. Chem.
Phys., 15, 11967–11980, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-11967-2015, 2015. a
Hentschel, H. G. E.: Fractal Dimension of Generalized Diffusion-Limited
Aggregates, Phys. Rev. Lett., 52, 212–215, 1984. a
Horvath, H.: Atmospheric Light-Absorption – a Review, Atmos. Environ. A-Gen., 27, 293–317, 1993. a
Jacobson, M. Z.: Strong radiative heating due to the mixing state of black
carbon in atmospheric aerosols, Nature, 409, 695–697, 2001. a
Janzen, J.: Extinction of Light by Highly Nonspherical Strongly Absorbing
Colloidal Particles – Spectrophotometric Determination of Volume
Distributions for Carbon-Blacks, Appl. Optics, 19, 2977–2985, 1980. a
Jensen, M. H., Levermann, A., Mathiesen, J., and Procaccia, I.: Multifractal
structure of the harmonic measure of diffusion-limited aggregates, Phys. Rev. E, 65, 046109, https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.65.046109, 2002. a
Kahnert, M.: Modelling the optical and radiative properties of freshly
emitted light absorbing carbon within an atmospheric chemical transport
model, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 1403–1416,
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-1403-2010, 2010a. a
Kahnert, M.: Optical properties of black carbon aerosols encapsulated in a
shell of sulfate: comparison of the closed cell model with a coated aggregate
model, Opt. Express, 25, 24579–24593, 2017. a
Kahnert, M., Nousiainen, T., Lindqvist, H., and Ebert, M.: Optical properties
of light absorbing carbon aggregates mixed with sulfate: assessment of
different model geometries for climate forcing calculations, Opt. Express,
20, 10042–10058, https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.20.010042, 2012. a, b
Kirchstetter, T. W., Novakov, T., and Hobbs, P. V.: Evidence that the spectral
dependence of light absorption by aerosols is affected by organic carbon,
J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 109, D21208, https://doi.org/10.1029/2004JD004999, 2004. a, b, c, d
Koylu, U. O., Faeth, G. M., Farias, T. L., and Carvalho, M. G.: Fractal and
Projected Structure Properties of Soot Aggregates, Combus. Flame, 100,
621–633, 1995. a
Krishnan, R. and Ramanathan, V.: Evidence of surface cooling from absorbing
aerosols, Geophys. Res. Lett., 29, 1340, https://doi.org/10.1029/2002GL014687, 2002. a
Lack, D. A., Cappa, C. D., Cross, E. S., Massoli, P., Ahern, A. T., Davidovits,
P., and Onasch, T. B.: Absorption Enhancement of Coated Absorbing Aerosols:
Validation of the Photo-Acoustic Technique for Measuring the Enhancement,
Aerosol Sci. Tech., 43, 1006–1012, 2009. a
Laczik, Z.: Discrete-dipole-approximation-based light-scattering calculations
for particles with a real refractive index smaller than unity, Appl. Optics, 35, 3736–3745, 1996. a
Li, J., Liu, C., Yin, Y., and Kumar, K. R.: Numerical investigation on the
Ångström Exponent of black carbon aerosol, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 121, 3506–3518, 2016. a
Liu, C., Chung, C. E., Yin, Y., and Schnaiter, M.: The absorption
Ångström exponent of black carbon: from numerical aspects, Atmos. Chem.
Phys., 18, 6259–6273, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-6259-2018, 2018. a, b
Liu, D. T., Taylor, J. W., Young, D. E., Flynn, M. J., Coe, H., and Allan,
J. D.: The effect of complex black carbon microphysics on the determination
of the optical properties of brown carbon, Geophys. Res. Lett., 42,
613–619, 2015a. a
Liu, D. T., Whitehead, J., Alfarra, M. R., Reyes-Villegas, E., Spracklen,
D. V., Reddington, C. L., Kong, S. F., Williams, P. I., Ting, Y. C., Haslett,
S., Taylor, J. W., Flynn, M. J., Morgan, W. T., McFiggans, G., Coe, H., and
Allan, J. D.: Black-carbon absorption enhancement in the atmosphere
determined by particle mixing state, Nat. Geosci., 10, 184–188, 2017. a, b, c, d
Liu, L. and Mishchenko, M. I.: Effects of aggregation on scattering and
radiative properties of soot aerosols, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 110, D11211, https://doi.org/10.1029/2004JD005649, 2005. a, b, c, d
Liu, S., Aiken, A. C., Gorkowski, K., Dubey, M. K., Cappa, C. D., Williams,
L. R., Herndon, S. C., Massoli, P., Fortner, E. C., Chhabra, P. S., Brooks,
W. A., Onasch, T. B., Jayne, J. T., Worsnop, D. R., China, S., Sharma, N.,
Mazzoleni, C., Xu, L., Ng, N. L., Liu, D., Allan, J. D., Lee, J. D., Fleming,
Z. L., Mohr, C., Zotter, P., Szidat, S., and Prevot, A. S. H.: Enhanced light
absorption by mixed source black and brown carbon particles in UK winter,
Nat. Commun., 6, 8435, https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms9435., 2015b. a, b
Liu, X., Easter, R. C., Ghan, S. J., Zaveri, R., Rasch, P., Shi, X.,
Lamarque, J.-F., Gettelman, A., Morrison, H., Vitt, F., Conley, A., Park, S.,
Neale, R., Hannay, C., Ekman, A. M. L., Hess, P., Mahowald, N., Collins, W.,
Iacono, M. J., Bretherton, C. S., Flanner, M. G., and Mitchell, D.: Toward a
minimal representation of aerosols in climate models: description and
evaluation in the Community Atmosphere Model CAM5, Geosci. Model Dev., 5,
709–739, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-5-709-2012, 2012. a
Luo, J., Zhang, Y., Wang, F., Wang, J., and Zhang, Q.: Applying machine
learning to estimate the optical properties of black carbon fractal
aggregates, J. Opt. Soc. Am., 215,
1–8, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jqsrt.2018.05.002, 2018a. a
Luo, J., Zhang, Y., Zhang, Q., Wang, F., Liu, J., and Wang, J.: Sensitivity
analysis of morphology on radiative properties of soot aerosols, Opt. Express, 26, A420–A432, https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.26.00A420, 2018b. a, b
Luo, J., Zhang, Y. M., and Zhang, Q. X.: A model study of aggregates composed
of spherical soot monomers with an acentric carbon shell, J. Quant. Spectrosc. Ra., 205, 184–195, 2018c. a
Ma, X., Yu, F., and Luo, G.: Aerosol direct radiative forcing based on
GEOS-Chem-APM and uncertainties, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 5563–5581,
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-5563-2012, 2012. a
Mackowski, D. W.: MSTM Version 3.0: April 2013,
available at: http://www.eng.auburn.edu/~dmckwski/scatcodes/ (last access: 10 October 2017), 2013. a
Mackowski, D. W. and Mishchenko, M. I.: A multiple sphere T-matrix Fortran code
for use on parallel computer clusters, J. Quant. Spectrosc. Ra., 112, 2182–2192, 2011. a
Medalia, A. I. and Richards, L. W.: Tinting Strength of Carbon-Black, J.
Colloid. Interf. Sci., 40, 233–252, https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9797(72)90013-6,
1972. a
Mie, G.: Beiträge zur Optik trüber Medien, speziell kolloidaler
Metallösungen, Ann. Phys., 330, 377–445,
https://doi.org/10.1002/andp.19083300302, 1908. a
Mishchenko, M. I. and Yurkin, M. A.: On the concept of random orientation in
far-field electromagnetic scattering by nonspherical particles, Opt. Lett., 42, 494–497, 2017. a
Mishchenko, M. I., Travis, L. D., and Lacis, A. A.: Scattering, absorption, and
emission of light by small particles, Cambridge university press,
Cambridge, UK, 2002. a
Mishchenko, M. I., Liu, L., Travis, L. D., and Lacis, A. A.: Scattering and
radiative properties of semi-external versus external mixtures of different
aerosol types, J. Opt. Soc. Am.,
88, 139–147, 2004. a
Mishchenko, M. I., Liu, L., Cairns, B., and Mackowski, D. W.: Optics of water
cloud droplets mixed with black-carbon aerosols, Opt. Lett., 39,
2607–2610, 2014. a
Moffet, R. C. and Prather, K. A.: In-situ measurements of the mixing state and
optical properties of soot with implications for radiative forcing estimates,
P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 106, 11872–11877, 2009. a
Nakao, S., Tang, P., Tang, X. C., Clark, C. H., Qi, L., Seo, E., Asa-Awuku, A.,
and Cocker, D.: Density and elemental ratios of secondary organic aerosol:
Application of a density prediction method, Atmos. Environ., 68,
273–277, 2013. a
Naoe, H., Hasegawa, S., Heintzenberg, J., Okada, K., Uchiyama, A., Zaizen, Y.,
Kobayashi, E., and Yamazaki, A.: State of mixture of atmospheric
submicrometer black carbon particles and its effect on particulate light
absorption, Atmos. Environ., 43, 1296–1301, 2009. a
Schnaiter, M., Linke, C., Mohler, O., Naumann, K. H., Saathoff, H., Wagner, R.,
Schurath, U., and Wehner, B.: Absorption amplification of black carbon
internally mixed with secondary organic aerosol, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 110, D19204, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005JD006046, 2005. a
Schwarz, J. P., Spackman, J. R., Fahey, D. W., Gao, R. S., Lohmann, U., Stier,
P., Watts, L. A., Thomson, D. S., Lack, D. A., Pfister, L., Mahoney, M. J.,
Baumgardner, D., Wilson, J. C., and Reeves, J. M.: Coatings and their
enhancement of black carbon light absorption in the tropical atmosphere,
J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 113, D03203, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007JD009042, 2008. a
Shamjad, P. M., Satish, R. V., Thamban, N. M., Rastogi, N., and Tripathi,
S. N.: Absorbing Refractive Index and Direct Radiative Forcing of Atmospheric
Brown Carbon over Gangetic Plain, Acs Earth and Space Chemistry, 2, 31–37, 2018. a
Sorensen, C. M.: Light scattering by fractal aggregates: A review, Aerosol Sci. Tech., 35, 648–687, 2001. a
Sorensen, C. M. and Roberts, G. C.: The prefactor of fractal aggregates,
J. Colloid. Interf. Sci., 186, 447–452, 1997. a
Strawa, A. W., Drdla, K., Ferry, G. V., Verma, S., Pueschel, R. F., Yasuda, M.,
Salawitch, R. J., Gao, R. S., Howard, S. D., Bui, P. T., Loewenstein, M.,
Elkins, J. W., Perkins, K. K., and Cohen, R.: Carbonaceous aerosol (Soot)
measured in the lower stratosphere during POLARIS and its role in
stratospheric photochemistry, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos.,
104, 26753–26766, 1999. a
Taflove, A. and Hagness, S. C.: Computational electrodynamics: the
finite-difference time-domain method, Artech house, Norwood, MA, 2005. a
Thouy, R. and Jullien, R.: A Cluster-Cluster Aggregation Model with Tunable
Fractal Dimension, J. Phys. A-Math. Gen., 27,
2953–2963, 1994. a
Wang, Q. Y., Huang, R.-J., Cao, J. J., Tie, X. X., Ni, H. Y., Zhou, Y. Q.,
Han, Y. M., Hu, T. F., Zhu, C. S., Feng, T., Li, N., and Li, J. D.: Black
carbon aerosol in winter northeastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, China: the
source, mixing state and optical property, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15,
13059–13069, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-13059-2015, 2015. a
Woźniak, M.: Characterization of nanoparticle aggregates with light
scattering techniques, Thesis, Aix-Marseille Université, Provence, France,
available at: https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00747711 (last
access: 19 November 2018), 2012. a
Wu, Y., Cheng, T. H., Gu, X. F., Zheng, L. J., Chen, H., and Xu, H.: The single
scattering properties of soot aggregates with concentric core-shell spherical
monomers, J. Opt. Soc. Am., 135, 9–19, 2014. a
Xu, X., Zhao, W., Zhang, Q., Wang, S., Fang, B., Chen, W., Venables, D. S.,
Wang, X., Pu, W., Wang, X., Gao, X., and Zhang, W.: Optical properties of
atmospheric fine particles near Beijing during the HOPE-J3A campaign,
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 6421–6439, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-6421-2016,
2016. a
Xu, Y. L.: Calculation of the addition coefficients in electromagnetic
multisphere-scattering theory (vol. 127, p. 285, 1996), J. Comput. Phys., 134, 200–200, 1997. a
Xu, Y. L. and Gustafson, B. A. S.: A generalized multiparticle Mie-solution:
further experimental verification, J. Quant. Spectrosc. Ra., 70, 395–419, 2001. a
Yang, P., Wei, H. L., Kattawar, G. W., Hu, Y. X., Winker, D. M., Hostetler,
C. A., and Baum, B. A.: Sensitivity of the backscattering Mueller matrix to
particle shape and thermodynamic phase, Appl. Optics, 42, 4389–4395, 2003. a
Yee, K.: Numerical solution of initial boundary value problems involving
Maxwell's equations in isotropic media, IEEE T. Antenn. Propag., 14, 302–307, 1966. a
Yurkin, M. A. and Hoekstra, A. G.: The discrete dipole approximation: An
overview and recent developments, J. Quant. Spectrosc. Ra., 106, 558–589, 2007. a
Zhang, R. Y., Khalizov, A. F., Pagels, J., Zhang, D., Xue, H. X., and McMurry,
P. H.: Variability in morphology, hygroscopicity, and optical properties of
soot aerosols during atmospheric processing, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 105, 10291–10296, 2008a. a
Zhang, R. Y., Khalizov, A. F., Pagels, J., Zhang, D., Xue, H. X., and McMurry,
P. H.: Variability in morphology, hygroscopicity, and optical properties of
soot aerosols during atmospheric processing, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 105, 10291–10296, 2008b. a
Zhang, Y., Zhang, Q., Cheng, Y., Su, H., Kecorius, S., Wang, Z., Wu, Z., Hu,
M., Zhu, T., Wiedensohler, A., and He, K.: Measuring the morphology and
density of internally mixed black carbon with SP2 and VTDMA: new insight into
the absorption enhancement of black carbon in the atmosphere, Atmos. Meas.
Tech., 9, 1833–1843, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-9-1833-2016, 2016. a
Short summary
The absorption enhancement of black carbon with brown coatings is investigated. In addition, the ratio of the absorption of BC coated by brown carbon (BrC) to an external mixture of BrC and BC (Eabs_internal) is also investigated. The lensing effect and sunglasses effect are clearly defined. The applicability of the core–shell sphere model was investigated. The effects of the size distribution, fractal dimension, and wavelength dependency are also explored.
The absorption enhancement of black carbon with brown coatings is investigated. In addition,...
Altmetrics
Final-revised paper
Preprint