Articles | Volume 17, issue 1
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-615-2017
© Author(s) 2017. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-615-2017
© Author(s) 2017. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
Stratospheric tropical warming event and its impact on the polar and tropical troposphere
Kunihiko Kodera
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Institute for Space-Earth Environmental Research, Nagoya University,
Nagoya, Japan
Nawo Eguchi
Research Institute for Applied Mechanics, Kyushu University, Kasuga,
Japan
Hitoshi Mukougawa
Disaster Prevention Research Institute, Kyoto University, Uji, Japan
Tomoe Nasuno
Research Institute for Global Change, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth
Science and Technology, Yokohama, Japan
Toshihiko Hirooka
Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Kyushu University,
Fukuoka, Japan
Related authors
Annika Drews, Wenjuan Huo, Katja Matthes, Kunihiko Kodera, and Tim Kruschke
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 7893–7904, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-7893-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-7893-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Solar irradiance varies with a period of approximately 11 years. Using a unique large chemistry–climate model dataset, we investigate the solar surface signal in the North Atlantic and European region and find that it changes over time, depending on the strength of the solar cycle. For the first time, we estimate the potential predictability associated with including realistic solar forcing in a model. These results may improve seasonal to decadal predictions of European climate.
Kunihiko Kodera, Nawo Eguchi, Rei Ueyama, Yuhji Kuroda, Chiaki Kobayashi, Beatriz M. Funatsu, and Chantal Claud
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 2655–2669, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-2655-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-2655-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
The recent cooling of the equatorial eastern Pacific Ocean occurred in conjunction with enhanced cross-equatorial southerlies associated with a strengthening of the boreal summer Hadley circulation. A combination of land surface warming and reduced static stability in the tropical tropopause layer due to stratospheric cooling is suggested to have caused the increase in the deep ascending branch of the Hadley circulation and related recent decadal change in the tropical troposphere and ocean.
Kunihiko Kodera, Rémi Thiéblemont, Seiji Yukimoto, and Katja Matthes
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 12925–12944, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-12925-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-12925-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
The spatial structure of the solar cycle signals on the Earth's surface is analysed to identify the mechanisms. Both tropical and extratropical solar surface signals can result from circulation changes in the upper stratosphere through (i) a downward migration of wave zonal mean flow interactions and (ii) changes in the stratospheric mean meridional circulation. Amplification of the solar signal also occurs through interaction with the ocean.
T. Kobashi, D. T. Shindell, K. Kodera, J. E. Box, T. Nakaegawa, and K. Kawamura
Clim. Past, 9, 583–596, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-9-583-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-9-583-2013, 2013
Woosub Roh, Masaki Satoh, Tempei Hashino, Shuhei Matsugishi, Tomoe Nasuno, and Takuji Kubota
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 16, 3331–3344, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-3331-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-3331-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
JAXA EarthCARE synthetic data (JAXA L1 data) were compiled using the global storm-resolving model (GSRM) NICAM (Nonhydrostatic ICosahedral
Atmospheric Model) simulation with 3.5 km horizontal resolution and the Joint-Simulator. JAXA L1 data are intended to support the development of JAXA retrieval algorithms for the EarthCARE sensor before launch of the satellite. The expected orbit of EarthCARE and horizontal sampling of each sensor were used to simulate the signals.
Annika Drews, Wenjuan Huo, Katja Matthes, Kunihiko Kodera, and Tim Kruschke
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 7893–7904, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-7893-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-7893-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Solar irradiance varies with a period of approximately 11 years. Using a unique large chemistry–climate model dataset, we investigate the solar surface signal in the North Atlantic and European region and find that it changes over time, depending on the strength of the solar cycle. For the first time, we estimate the potential predictability associated with including realistic solar forcing in a model. These results may improve seasonal to decadal predictions of European climate.
Guangyu Liu, Toshihiko Hirooka, Nawo Eguchi, and Kirstin Krüger
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 3493–3505, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-3493-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-3493-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The sudden stratospheric warming (SSW) event that occurred in September 2019 in the Southern Hemisphere was analyzed. A large warming and decelerated westerly winds were observed in the southern polar region. Since a reversal from westerly to easterly winds did not take place SSW2019 was classified as a minor SSW. The total wave forcing and the contribution from PW1 were larger in 2019. The strong and long-lasting planetary-scale waves with zonal wavenumber 1 played a role in SSW2019.
Akihiro Honda, Nawo Eguchi, and Naoko Saitoh
Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2022-46, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2022-46, 2022
Revised manuscript not accepted
Short summary
Short summary
The intra-seasonal, seasonal and inter-annual variations of carbon dioxide (CO2) at the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UTLS) are investigated by the CO2 profile data derived from the thermal infrared spectra of TANSO-FTS instrument onboard GOSAT satellite, for understanding of the missing sink of CO2 and detail exchange process between UT and LS. There are new findings on the intra-seasonal and inter-annual variations associated with Asian summer monsoon and ENSO, respectively.
Chihiro Kodama, Tomoki Ohno, Tatsuya Seiki, Hisashi Yashiro, Akira T. Noda, Masuo Nakano, Yohei Yamada, Woosub Roh, Masaki Satoh, Tomoko Nitta, Daisuke Goto, Hiroaki Miura, Tomoe Nasuno, Tomoki Miyakawa, Ying-Wen Chen, and Masato Sugi
Geosci. Model Dev., 14, 795–820, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-795-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-795-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
This paper describes the latest stable version of NICAM, a global atmospheric model, developed for high-resolution climate simulations toward the IPCC Assessment Report. Our model explicitly treats convection, clouds, and precipitation and could reduce the uncertainty of climate change projection. A series of test simulations demonstrated improvements (e.g., high cloud) and issues (e.g., low cloud, precipitation pattern), suggesting further necessity for model improvement and higher resolutions.
Yoshio Kawatani, Toshihiko Hirooka, Kevin Hamilton, Anne K. Smith, and Masatomo Fujiwara
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 9115–9133, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-9115-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-9115-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
This paper reports on a project to compare the representation of the semiannual oscillation (SAO) among six major global atmospheric reanalyses and with recent satellite observations. The differences among the zonal mean zonal wind as represented by the various reanalyses display a prominent equatorial maximum that increases with height. It is shown that assimilation of satellite temperature measurements is crucial for the realistic representation of the tropical upper stratospheric circulation.
Kunihiko Kodera, Nawo Eguchi, Rei Ueyama, Yuhji Kuroda, Chiaki Kobayashi, Beatriz M. Funatsu, and Chantal Claud
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 2655–2669, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-2655-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-2655-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
The recent cooling of the equatorial eastern Pacific Ocean occurred in conjunction with enhanced cross-equatorial southerlies associated with a strengthening of the boreal summer Hadley circulation. A combination of land surface warming and reduced static stability in the tropical tropopause layer due to stratospheric cooling is suggested to have caused the increase in the deep ascending branch of the Hadley circulation and related recent decadal change in the tropical troposphere and ocean.
Nawo Eguchi and Yukio Yoshida
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 12, 389–403, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-12-389-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-12-389-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
A detection method for high-level cloud, such as ice clouds, is developed using the water vapor saturated channels (2 μm) of the solar reflected spectrum observed by the TANSO-FTS on board GOSAT. The clouds detected by this method are optically relatively thin (0.01 or less) and located at high altitudes. Approximately 85 % of the results from this method for clouds with a cloud-top altitude above 5 km agree with Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP) cloud classification.
Masuo Nakano, Akiyoshi Wada, Masahiro Sawada, Hiromasa Yoshimura, Ryo Onishi, Shintaro Kawahara, Wataru Sasaki, Tomoe Nasuno, Munehiko Yamaguchi, Takeshi Iriguchi, Masato Sugi, and Yoshiaki Takeuchi
Geosci. Model Dev., 10, 1363–1381, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-10-1363-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-10-1363-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
Three 7 km mesh next-generation global models and a 20 km mesh conventional global model were run to improve tropical cyclone (TC) prediction. The 7 km mesh models reduce systematic errors in the TC track, intensity and wind radii predictions. However, the simulated TC structures and their intensities in each case are very different for each model. These results suggest that the development of more sophisticated initialization techniques and model physics is needed to further improvement.
Kunihiko Kodera, Rémi Thiéblemont, Seiji Yukimoto, and Katja Matthes
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 12925–12944, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-12925-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-12925-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
The spatial structure of the solar cycle signals on the Earth's surface is analysed to identify the mechanisms. Both tropical and extratropical solar surface signals can result from circulation changes in the upper stratosphere through (i) a downward migration of wave zonal mean flow interactions and (ii) changes in the stratospheric mean meridional circulation. Amplification of the solar signal also occurs through interaction with the ocean.
K. Kodera, B. M. Funatsu, C. Claud, and N. Eguchi
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 6767–6774, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-6767-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-6767-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
The the role of deep convection in stratosphere–troposphere dynamical coupling in the tropics was studied during two large major stratospheric sudden warming events in January 2009 and January 2010. Convective activity and precipitation increased in the equatorial Southern Hemisphere as a result of a strengthening of the Brewer–Dobson circulation induced by enhanced stratospheric planetary wave activity.
N. Eguchi, K. Kodera, and T. Nasuno
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 297–304, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-297-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-297-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
The dynamical coupling process between stratosphere and troposphere in the tropical tropopause layer (TTL) during stratospheric sudden warming (SSW) was investigated using simulation data of global non-hydrostatic model (NICAM) that does not use cumulus parameterization. The results suggested that increased stratospheric tropical upwelling associated with SSW induced decreased static stability in TTL, which contributes to increased convective activity and changes in its large-scale organizations
T. Kobashi, D. T. Shindell, K. Kodera, J. E. Box, T. Nakaegawa, and K. Kawamura
Clim. Past, 9, 583–596, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-9-583-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-9-583-2013, 2013
Related subject area
Subject: Dynamics | Research Activity: Field Measurements | Altitude Range: Stratosphere | Science Focus: Physics (physical properties and processes)
Identification of stratospheric disturbance information in China based on the round-trip intelligent sounding system
Mean age from observations in the lowermost stratosphere: an improved method and interhemispheric differences
Possible influence of sudden stratospheric warmings on the atmospheric environment in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region
In situ observations of CH2Cl2 and CHCl3 show efficient transport pathways for very short-lived species into the lower stratosphere via the Asian and the North American summer monsoon
A case study on the impact of severe convective storms on the water vapor mixing ratio in the lower mid-latitude stratosphere observed in 2019 over Europe
Upward transport into and within the Asian monsoon anticyclone as inferred from StratoClim trace gas observations
Seasonal characteristics of trace gas transport into the extratropical upper troposphere and lower stratosphere
Gravity waves excited during a minor sudden stratospheric warming
Mixing and ageing in the polar lower stratosphere in winter 2015–2016
Age and gravitational separation of the stratospheric air over Indonesia
Intercomparison of meteorological analyses and trajectories in the Antarctic lower stratosphere with Concordiasi superpressure balloon observations
Case study of wave breaking with high-resolution turbulence measurements with LITOS and WRF simulations
A comparison of Loon balloon observations and stratospheric reanalysis products
Gravity-wave effects on tracer gases and stratospheric aerosol concentrations during the 2013 ChArMEx campaign
Transport of Antarctic stratospheric strongly dehydrated air into the troposphere observed during the HALO-ESMVal campaign 2012
Aircraft measurements of gravity waves in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere during the START08 field experiment
Comparing turbulent parameters obtained from LITOS and radiosonde measurements
Northern Hemisphere stratospheric winds in higher midlatitudes: longitudinal distribution and long-term trends
On the structural changes in the Brewer-Dobson circulation after 2000
Temperature variability and trends in the UT-LS over a subtropical site: Reunion (20.8° S, 55.5° E)
Diagnostics of the Tropical Tropopause Layer from in-situ observations and CCM data
Increase of upper troposphere/lower stratosphere wave baroclinicity during the second half of the 20th century
Yang He, Xiaoqian Zhu, Zheng Sheng, and Mingyuan He
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 3839–3856, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-3839-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-3839-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The round-trip intelligent sounding system (RTISS) is a new detection technology, developed in recent years, that can capture atmospheric fine-structure information via three-stage (rising, flat-floating, and falling) detection. Based on the RTISS, we developed a method to quantify stratospheric atmospheric disturbance information; this method shows sufficient potential in the analysis of stratospheric disturbances and their role in material transport and energy transfer.
Thomas Wagenhäuser, Markus Jesswein, Timo Keber, Tanja Schuck, and Andreas Engel
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 3887–3903, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-3887-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-3887-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
A common assumption to derive mean age from trace gas observations is that all air enters the stratosphere through the tropical tropopause. Using SF6 as an age tracer, this leads to negative mean age values close to the Northern Hemispheric extra-tropical tropopause. Our improved method also considers extra-tropical input into the stratosphere. More realistic values are derived using this method. Interhemispheric differences in mean age are found when comparing data from two aircraft campaigns.
Qian Lu, Jian Rao, Chunhua Shi, Dong Guo, Guiqin Fu, Ji Wang, and Zhuoqi Liang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 13087–13102, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-13087-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-13087-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Existing evidence mainly focuses on the possible impact of tropospheric climate anomalies on the regional air pollutions, but few studies pay attention to the impact of stratospheric changes on haze pollutions in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region. Our study reveals the linkage between the stratospheric variability and the regional atmospheric environment. The downward-propagating stratospheric signals might have a cleaning effect on the atmospheric environment in the BTH region.
Valentin Lauther, Bärbel Vogel, Johannes Wintel, Andrea Rau, Peter Hoor, Vera Bense, Rolf Müller, and C. Michael Volk
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 2049–2077, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-2049-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-2049-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We show airborne in situ measurements of the very short-lived ozone-depleting substances CH2Cl2 and CHCl3, revealing particularly high concentrations of both species in the lower stratosphere. Back-trajectory calculations and 3D model simulations show that the air masses with high concentrations originated in the Asian boundary layer and were transported via the Asian summer monsoon. We also identify a fast transport pathway into the stratosphere via the North American monsoon and by hurricanes.
Dina Khordakova, Christian Rolf, Jens-Uwe Grooß, Rolf Müller, Paul Konopka, Andreas Wieser, Martina Krämer, and Martin Riese
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 1059–1079, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-1059-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-1059-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Extreme storms transport humidity from the troposphere to the stratosphere. Here it has a strong impact on the climate. With ongoing global warming, we expect more storms and, hence, an enhancement of this effect. A case study was performed in order to measure the impact of the direct injection of water vapor into the lower stratosphere. The measurements displayed a significant transport of water vapor into the lower stratosphere, and this was supported by satellite and reanalysis data.
Marc von Hobe, Felix Ploeger, Paul Konopka, Corinna Kloss, Alexey Ulanowski, Vladimir Yushkov, Fabrizio Ravegnani, C. Michael Volk, Laura L. Pan, Shawn B. Honomichl, Simone Tilmes, Douglas E. Kinnison, Rolando R. Garcia, and Jonathon S. Wright
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 1267–1285, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-1267-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-1267-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The Asian summer monsoon (ASM) is known to foster transport of polluted tropospheric air into the stratosphere. To test and amend our picture of ASM vertical transport, we analyse distributions of airborne trace gas observations up to 20 km altitude near the main ASM vertical conduit south of the Himalayas. We also show that a new high-resolution version of the global chemistry climate model WACCM is able to reproduce the observations well.
Yoichi Inai, Ryo Fujita, Toshinobu Machida, Hidekazu Matsueda, Yousuke Sawa, Kazuhiro Tsuboi, Keiichi Katsumata, Shinji Morimoto, Shuji Aoki, and Takakiyo Nakazawa
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 7073–7103, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-7073-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-7073-2019, 2019
Andreas Dörnbrack, Sonja Gisinger, Natalie Kaifler, Tanja Christina Portele, Martina Bramberger, Markus Rapp, Michael Gerding, Jens Faber, Nedjeljka Žagar, and Damjan Jelić
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 12915–12931, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-12915-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-12915-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
A deep upper-air sounding stimulated the current investigation of internal gravity waves excited during a minor sudden stratospheric warming (SSW) in the Arctic winter 2015/16. The analysis of the radiosonde profile revealed large kinetic and potential energies in the upper stratosphere without any simultaneous enhancement of upper tropospheric and lower stratospheric values. In combination with high-resolution meteorological analyses we identified an elevated source of gravity wave excitation.
Jens Krause, Peter Hoor, Andreas Engel, Felix Plöger, Jens-Uwe Grooß, Harald Bönisch, Timo Keber, Björn-Martin Sinnhuber, Wolfgang Woiwode, and Hermann Oelhaf
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 6057–6073, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-6057-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-6057-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
We present tracer measurements of CO and N2O measured during the POLSTRACC aircraft campaign in winter 2015–2016. We found enhanced CO values relative to N2O in the polar lower stratosphere in addition to the ageing of this region during winter. By using model simulations it was possible to link this enhancement to an increased mixing of the tropical tropopause. We thus conclude that the polar lower stratosphere in late winter is strongly influenced by quasi-isentropic mixing from the tropics.
Satoshi Sugawara, Shigeyuki Ishidoya, Shuji Aoki, Shinji Morimoto, Takakiyo Nakazawa, Sakae Toyoda, Yoichi Inai, Fumio Hasebe, Chusaku Ikeda, Hideyuki Honda, Daisuke Goto, and Fanny A. Putri
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 1819–1833, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-1819-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-1819-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
This is the first research that shows concrete evidence of gravitational separation in the tropical stratosphere. This implies that gravitational separation occurs within the entire stratosphere, which gives us new insight into atmospheric dynamics.
Lars Hoffmann, Albert Hertzog, Thomas Rößler, Olaf Stein, and Xue Wu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 8045–8061, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-8045-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-8045-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
We present an intercomparison of temperatures and horizontal winds of five meteorological data sets (ECMWF operational analysis, ERA-Interim, MERRA, MERRA-2, and NCEP/NCAR) in the Antarctic lower stratosphere. The assessment is based on 19 superpressure balloon flights during the Concordiasi field campaign in September 2010 to January 2011. The balloon data are used to successfully validate trajectory calculations with the new Lagrangian particle dispersion model MPTRAC.
Andreas Schneider, Johannes Wagner, Jens Faber, Michael Gerding, and Franz-Josef Lübken
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 7941–7954, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-7941-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-7941-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
Wave breaking is studied with a combination of high-resolution turbulence observations with the balloon-borne instrument LITOS and mesoscale simulations with the WRF model. A relation between observed turbulent energy dissipation rates and the occurrence of wave patterns in modelled vertical winds is found, which is interpreted as the effect of wave saturation. The change of stability plays less of a role for mean dissipation for the flights examined.
Leon S. Friedrich, Adrian J. McDonald, Gregory E. Bodeker, Kathy E. Cooper, Jared Lewis, and Alexander J. Paterson
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 855–866, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-855-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-855-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
Information from long-duration balloons flying in the Southern Hemisphere stratosphere during 2014 as part of X Project Loon are used to assess the quality of a number of different reanalyses. This work assesses the potential of the X Project Loon observations to validate outputs from the reanalysis models. In particular, we examined how the model winds compared with those derived from the balloon GPS information. We also examined simulated trajectories compared with the true trajectories.
Fabrice Chane Ming, Damien Vignelles, Fabrice Jegou, Gwenael Berthet, Jean-Baptiste Renard, François Gheusi, and Yuriy Kuleshov
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 8023–8042, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-8023-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-8023-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Coupled balloon-borne observations of Light Optical Aerosol Counter (LOAC), M10 meteorological GPS sondes, ozonesondes, and GPS radio occultation data are examined to identify gravity-wave (GW)-induced fluctuations on tracer gases and on the vertical distribution of stratospheric aerosol concentrations during the 2013 ChArMEx campaign. Observed mesoscale GWs induce a strong modulation of the amplitude of tracer gases and the stratospheric aerosol background.
C. Rolf, A. Afchine, H. Bozem, B. Buchholz, V. Ebert, T. Guggenmoser, P. Hoor, P. Konopka, E. Kretschmer, S. Müller, H. Schlager, N. Spelten, O. Sumińska-Ebersoldt, J. Ungermann, A. Zahn, and M. Krämer
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 9143–9158, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-9143-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-9143-2015, 2015
Fuqing Zhang, Junhong Wei, Meng Zhang, K. P. Bowman, L. L. Pan, E. Atlas, and S. C. Wofsy
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 7667–7684, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-7667-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-7667-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
Based on spectral and wavelet analyses, along with a diagnosis of the polarization relations, this study analyzes in situ airborne measurements from the 2008 Stratosphere-Troposphere Analyses of Regional Transport (START08) experiment to characterize gravity waves in the extratropical upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (ExUTLS) region. The focus is on the second research flight (RF02), which was dedicated to probing gravity waves associated with strong upper-tropospheric jet-front systems.
A. Schneider, M. Gerding, and F.-J. Lübken
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 2159–2166, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-2159-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-2159-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
Stratospheric turbulence is essential for the atmospheric energy budget. We compare in situ observations with our LITOS method based on spectral analysis of mm-scale wind fluctuations with the Thorpe method applied to standard radiosondes. Energy dissipations rates from both methods differ by up to 3 orders of magnitude. Nevertheless, mean values are in good agreement. We present case studies on both methods and examine the applicability of the Thorpe method for calculation of dissipation rates.
M. Kozubek, P. Krizan, and J. Lastovicka
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 2203–2213, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-2203-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-2203-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
The main goal of this paper is to show the geographical distribution of meridional wind for several reanalyses and to analyse the wind trends in different areas. We show two areas (100°E-160°E and 140°W-80°W) where the meridional wind is as strong as zonal wind (which is normally dominant in the stratosphere). The trends of meridional wind are significant mostly at 99% level in these areas and insignificant outside. The problem with zonal averages could affect the results.
H. Bönisch, A. Engel, Th. Birner, P. Hoor, D. W. Tarasick, and E. A. Ray
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 3937–3948, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-3937-2011, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-3937-2011, 2011
N. Bègue, H. Bencherif, V. Sivakumar, G. Kirgis, N. Mze, and J. Leclair de Bellevue
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 8563–8574, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-8563-2010, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-8563-2010, 2010
E. Palazzi, F. Fierli, F. Cairo, C. Cagnazzo, G. Di Donfrancesco, E. Manzini, F. Ravegnani, C. Schiller, F. D'Amato, and C. M. Volk
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 9349–9367, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-9349-2009, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-9349-2009, 2009
J. M. Castanheira, J. A. Añel, C. A. F. Marques, J. C. Antuña, M. L. R. Liberato, L. de la Torre, and L. Gimeno
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 9143–9153, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-9143-2009, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-9143-2009, 2009
Cited articles
Andrews, D. G., Holton, J. R., and Leovy, C. B.: Middle Atmosphere Dynamics, Elsevier, New York, 489 pp., 1987.
Arkin, P. A. and Ardanuy, P. E.: Estimating climate-scale precipitation from space: A review, J. Climate, 2, 1229–1238, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0442(1989)002<1229:ECSPFS>2.0.CO;2, 1989.
Baldwin, M. P. and Dunkerton, T. J.: Propagation of the Arctic Oscillation from the stratosphere to the troposphere, J. Geophys. Res., 104, 30937–30946, https://doi.org/10.1029/1999JD900445, 1999.
Collimore, C. C., Martin, D. W., Hitchman, M. H., Huesmann, A., and Waliser, D. E.: On the relationship between the QBO and tropical deep convection, J. Climate, 16, 2552–2568, 2003.
Dunkerton, T. J.: Midwinter deceleration of the subtropical mesospheric jet and interannual variability of the high-latitude flow in UKMO analyses, J. Atmos. Sci., 57, 3838–3855, 2000.
Eguchi, N. and Kodera, K.: Impacts of stratospheric sudden warming event on tropical clouds and moisture fields in the TTL: a case study, SOLA, 6, 137–140, https://doi.org/10.2151/sola.2010-035, 2010.
Eguchi, N., Kodera, K., and Nasuno, T.: A global non-hydrostatic model study of a downward coupling through the tropical tropopause layer during a stratospheric sudden warming, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 297–304, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-297-2015, 2015.
Eguchi, N., Kodera K., Funatsu, B., Takashima, H., and Ueyama, R.: Rapid convective transport of tropospheric air into the tropical lower stratosphere during the 2010 sudden stratospheric warming, SOLA, 12A, 13–18, https://doi.org/10.2151/sola.12A-003, 2016.
Gottschalck, J., Roundy, P. E., Schreck III, C. J., Vintzileos, A., and Zhang, C.: Large-scale atmospheric and oceanic conditions during the 2011-2012 DYNAMO field campaign, Mon. Weather Rev., 141, 4173–4196, 2013.
Hayashi, Y.: Vertical-zonal propagation of a stationary planetary wave packet, J. Atmos. Sci., 38, 1197–1205, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(1981)038<1197:VZPOAS>2.0.CO;2, 1981.
Haynes, P. H., Marks, C. J., McIntyre, M. E., Shepherd, T. G., and Shine, K. P.: On the “downward control” of extratropical diabatic circulations by eddy-induced mean zonal forces, J. Atmos. Sci., 48, 651–678, 1991.
Hitchcock, P., Shepherd, T. G., and Manney, G. L.: Statistical characterization of Arctic Polar-Night Jet Oscillation events. J. Climate, 26, 2096–2116, https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00202.1, 2013.
Holton, J. R., Haynes, P., McIntyre, M., Douglass, A., Rood, R., and Pfister, L.: Stratosphere–troposphere exchange, Rev. Geophys., 33, 403–439, 1995.
Huffman, G. J., Bolvin, D. T., Nelkin, E. J., Wolff, D. B., Adler, R. F., Gu, G., Hong, Y., Bowman, K. P., and Stocker, E. F.: The TRMM Multisatellite Precipitation Analysis (TMPA): Quasi-global, multiyear, combined-sensor precipitation estimates at fine scales, J. Hydrometeorol., 8, 38–55, 2007.
Iida, C., Hirooka, T., and Eguchi, N.: Circulation changes in the stratosphere and mesosphere during the stratospheric sudden warming event in January 2009, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 119, 7104–7115, https://doi.org/10.1002/2013JD021252, 2014.
Kobayashi, S., Ota, Y., Harada, Y., Ebita, A., Moriya, M., Onoda, H., Onogi, K., Kamahori, H., Kobayashi, C., Endo, H., Miyaoka, K., and Takahashi, K.: The JRA-55 Reanalysis: general specifications and basic characteristics, J. Meteorol. Soc. Jpn., 93, 5–48, https://doi.org/10.2151/jmsj.2015-001, 2015.
Kodera, K.: Solar influence on the Indian Ocean Monsoon through dynamical processes, Geophys. Res. Lett., 31, L24209, https://doi.org/10.1029/2004GL020928, 2004.
Kodera, K.: Influence of stratospheric sudden warming on the equatorial troposphere, Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, L06804, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005GL024510, 2006.
Kodera, K. and Kuroda, Y.: Dynamical response to the solar cycle, J. Geophys. Res., 107, 4749, https://doi.org/10.1029/2002JD002224, 2002.
Kodera, K. and Shibata K.: Solar influence on the tropical stratosphere and troposphere in the northern summer, Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, L19704, https://doi.org/10.1029/2006GL026659, 2006.
Kodera, K., Mukougawa, H., and Itoh, S.: Tropospheric impact of reflected planetary waves from the stratosphere, Geophys. Res. Lett., 35, L16806, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008GL034575, 2008.
Kodera, K. Mukougawa, H., and Fujii, A.: Influence of the vertical and zonal propagation of stratospheric planetary waves on tropospheric blockings, J. Geophys. Res., 118, 1–13, https://doi.org/10.1002/jgrd.50650, 2013.
Kodera, K., Funatsu, B. M., Claud, C., and Eguchi, N.: The role of convective overshooting clouds in tropical stratosphere–troposphere dynamical coupling, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 6767–6774, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-6767-2015, 2015.
Kodera, K., Mukougawa, H., Maury, P., Ueda, M., and Claud, C.: Absorbing and reflecting sudden stratospheric warming events and their relationship with tropospheric circulation, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 121, 80–94, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015JD023359, 2016a.
Kodera, K., Thiéblemont, R., Yukimoto, S., and Matthes, K.: How can we understand the global distribution of the solar cycle signal on the Earth's surface?, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 12925–12944, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-12925-2016, 2016b.
Kuma, K.: A quasi-biennial oscillation in the intensity of the intraseasonal oscillation, Int. J. Climatol., 10, 263–278, 1990.
Kuroda, Y. and Kodera, K.: Role of planetary waves in the stratosphere-troposphere coupled variability in the Northern Hemisphere winter, Geophys. Res. Lett., 26, 2375– 2378, 1999.
Kuroda, Y. and Kodera, K.: Role of polar-night jet oscillation on the formation of the Arctic Oscillation in the northern hemisphere winter, J. Geophys. Res., 109, D11112, https://doi.org/10.1029/2003JD004123, 2004.
Liess, S. and Geller, M. A.: On the relationship between QBO and distribution of tropical deep convection, J. Geophys. Res., 117, D03108, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011JD016317, 2012.
Livesey, J. N., Read, W. G., Wagner, P. A., Froidevaux, L., Lambert, A., L., Manney, G., Millán Valle, L. F., Pumphrey, H. C., Santee, M. L., Schwartz, M. J., Wang, S., Fuller, R. A., Jarnot, R. F., Knosp, B. W., and Martinez, E.: Earth Observing System (EOS) Aura Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) Version 4.2x Level 2 data quality and description document, JPLD-33509, available at: http://mls.jpl.nasa.gov/data/v4-2_data_quality_document.pdf (last access: 5 January 2017), 2015.
Lu, H., Gray, L. J., Jarvis, M. J., and Baldwin, M. P.: High and low frequency 11-year solar cycle signature in the Southern Hemispheric winter and spring, Q. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 137, 1641–1656, 2011.
Madden, R. A. and Julian, P. R.: Description of global-scale circulation cells in the tropics with a 40–50 day period, J. Atmos. Sci., 29, 1109–1123, 1972.
Marshall, G. J., Stott, P. A., Turner, J., Connolley, W. M., King, J. C., and Lachlan-Cope, T. A.: Causes of exceptional atmospheric circulation changes in the Southern Hemisphere, Geophys. Res. Lett., 31, L14205, https://doi.org/10.1029/2004GL019952, 2004.
Matsuno, T.: Vertical propagation of stationary planetary waves in the winter northern hemisphere, J. Atmos. Sci., 27, 871–883, 1970.
Nasuno, T.: Forecast skill of Madden-Julian Oscillation events in a global nonhydrostatic model during the CINDY2011/DYNAMO observation period, SOLA, 9, 69–73, https://doi.org/10.2151/sola.2013-016, 2013.
Perlwitz, J. and Harnik, N.: Observational evidence of a stratospheric influence on the troposphere by planetary wave reflection, J. Climate, 16, 3011–3026, 2003.
Polvani, L. M., Waugh, D. W., Correa, G. J. P., and Son, S.-W.: Stratospheric ozone depletion: The main driver of twentieth-century atmospheric circulation changes in the southern hemisphere, J. Climate, 24, 795–812, https://doi.org/10.1175/2010JCLI3772.1, 2011.
Shaw, T. A. and Perlwitz, J.: The life cycle of northern hemisphere downward wave coupling between the stratosphere and troposphere, J. Climate, 26, 1745–1763, 2013.
Thompson, D. W. J. and Solomon, S.: Interpretation of recent Southern Hemisphere climate change, Science, 296, 895–899, 2002.
Thompson, D. W. J. and Wallace, J. M.: Regional climate impacts of the Northern Hemisphere annular mode, Science, 293, 85–89, 2001.
Wheeler, M. and Hendon, H.: An all-season real-time multivariate MJO Index: development of an index for monitoring and prediction, Mon. Weather Rev., 132, 1917–1932, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0493(2004)132<1917:AARMMI>2.0.CO;2, 2004.
Winker, D. M., Hunt, W. H., and McGill, M. J.: Initial performance assessment of CALIOP, Geophys. Res. Lett., 34, L19803, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007GL030135, 2007.
Yoden, S. and Ishioka, K.: A numerical experiment of the breakdown of polar vortex due to forced Rossby waves, J. Meteorol. Soc. Jpn., 71, 59–72, 1993.
Yoneyama, K., Zhang, C., and Long, C. N.: Tracking Pulses of the Madden–Julian Oscillation, B. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 94, 1871–1891, https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-12-00157.1, 2013.
Yoo, C. and Son, S.-W.: Modulation of the boreal wintertime Madden-Julian oscillation by the stratospheric quasi-biennial oscillation, Geophys. Res. Lett., 43, 1392–1398, https://doi.org/10.1002/2016GL067762, 2016.
Short summary
An exceptional strengthening of the middle atmospheric subtropical jet occurred without an apparent relationship with the tropospheric circulation. The analysis of this event demonstrated downward penetration of stratospheric influence to the troposphere: in the north polar region amplification of planetary wave occurred due to a deflection by the strong middle atmospheric subtropical jet, whereas in the tropics, increased tropopause temperature suppressed equatorial convective activity.
An exceptional strengthening of the middle atmospheric subtropical jet occurred without an...
Altmetrics
Final-revised paper
Preprint