Articles | Volume 15, issue 9
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-5229-2015
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-5229-2015
Research article
 | 
11 May 2015
Research article |  | 11 May 2015

Emission factors of SO2, NOx and particles from ships in Neva Bay from ground-based and helicopter-borne measurements and AIS-based modeling

J. Beecken, J. Mellqvist, K. Salo, J. Ekholm, J.-P. Jalkanen, L. Johansson, V. Litvinenko, K. Volodin, and D. A. Frank-Kamenetsky

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B. Alföldy, J. B. Lööv, F. Lagler, J. Mellqvist, N. Berg, J. Beecken, H. Weststrate, J. Duyzer, L. Bencs, B. Horemans, F. Cavalli, J.-P. Putaud, G. Janssens-Maenhout, A. P. Csordás, R. Van Grieken, A. Borowiak, and J. Hjorth
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Subject: Gases | Research Activity: Field Measurements | Altitude Range: Troposphere | Science Focus: Chemistry (chemical composition and reactions)
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Cited articles

Agrawal, H., Malloy, Q. G. J., Welch, W. A., Wayne Miller, J., and Cocker, D. R.: In-use gaseous and particulate matter emissions from a modern ocean goingvessel, Atmos. Environ., 42, 5504–5510, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2008.02.053, 2008.
Alföldy, B., Lööv, J. B., Lagler, F., Mellqvist, J., Berg, N., Beecken, J., Weststrate, H., Duyzer, J., Bencs, L., Horemans, B., Cavalli, F., Putaud, J.-P., Janssens-Maenhout, G., Csordás, A. P., Van Grieken, R., Borowiak, A., and Hjorth, J.: Measurements of air pollution emission factors for marine transportation in SECA, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 6, 1777–1791, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-6-1777-2013, 2013.
AMSA (Australian Maritime Safety Authority): Protocol of 1997 to amend the International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships, 1973, as modified by the Protocol of 1978 relating thereto (MARPOL PROT 1997) Annex VI, available at: https://imo.amsa.gov.au/public/parties/marpol97prot.html (last access: 30 January 2015), 2014.
Balzani Lööv, J. M., Alfoldy, B., Gast, L. F. L., Hjorth, J., Lagler, F., Mellqvist, J., Beecken, J., Berg, N., Duyzer, J., Westrate, H., Swart, D. P. J., Berkhout, A. J. C., Jalkanen, J.-P., Prata, A. J., van der Hoff, G. R., and Borowiak, A.: Field test of available methods to measure remotely SOx and NOx emissions from ships, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 7, 2597–2613, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-7-2597-2014, 2014.
Barone, T. L., Lall, A. A., Storey, J. M. E., Mulholland, G. W., Prikhodko, V. Y., Frankland, J. H., Parks, J. E., and Zachariah, M. R.: Size-resolved density measurements of particle emissions from an advanced combustion diesel engine: Effect of aggregate morphology, Energy and Fuels, 25, 1978–1988, 2011.
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Short summary
Measurements of SO2, NOx and particle emission factors of more than 400 individual ship passages in the Gulf of Finland are presented and discussed. The measurements were conducted during two campaigns in the years 2011 and 2012 from ground-based and helicopter-based platforms. It was found that a significant number of ships use fuel oil with a fuel sulfur content below the limit of 1%. Additionally, the results of modeled data for the same ships were compared to the measurements of this study.
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