Articles | Volume 25, issue 16
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-9061-2025
© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-9061-2025
© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Significant secondary formation of nitrogenous organic aerosols in an urban atmosphere revealed by bihourly measurements of bulk organic nitrogen and comprehensive molecular markers
Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Joint International Research Laboratory of Climate and Environment Change, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
Division of Environment and Sustainability, Hong Kong University of Science & Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
Min Zhou
Key Laboratory of Formation and Prevention of Urban Air Pollution Complex, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shanghai, China
Shuhui Zhu
Key Laboratory of Formation and Prevention of Urban Air Pollution Complex, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shanghai, China
Liping Qiao
Key Laboratory of Formation and Prevention of Urban Air Pollution Complex, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shanghai, China
Jinjian Li
Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong University of Science & Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
Yingge Ma
Key Laboratory of Formation and Prevention of Urban Air Pollution Complex, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shanghai, China
Zijing Zhang
Division of Environment and Sustainability, Hong Kong University of Science & Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
Kezheng Liao
Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong University of Science & Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
Hongli Wang
Key Laboratory of Formation and Prevention of Urban Air Pollution Complex, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shanghai, China
Division of Environment and Sustainability, Hong Kong University of Science & Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong University of Science & Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
Fok Ying Tung Graduate Research Institute, Hong Kong University of Science & Technology, Nanshan, Guangzhou, China
Related authors
Tingting Feng, Yingkun Wang, Weiwei Hu, Ming Zhu, Wei Song, Wei Chen, Yanyan Sang, Zheng Fang, Wei Deng, Hua Fang, Xu Yu, Cheng Wu, Bin Yuan, Shan Huang, Min Shao, Xiaofeng Huang, Lingyan He, Young Ro Lee, Lewis Gregory Huey, Francesco Canonaco, Andre S. H. Prevot, and Xinming Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 611–636, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-611-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-611-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
To investigate the impact of aging processes on organic aerosols (OA), we conducted a comprehensive field study at a continental remote site using an on-line mass spectrometer. The results show that OA in the Chinese outflows were strongly influenced by upwind anthropogenic emissions. The aging processes can significantly decrease the OA volatility and result in a varied viscosity of OA under different circumstances, signifying the complex physiochemical properties of OA in aged plumes.
Xueying Liu, Yeqi Huang, Yao Chen, Xin Feng, Yang Xu, Yi Chen, Dasa Gu, Hao Sun, Zhi Ning, Jianzhen Yu, Wing Sze Chow, Changqing Lin, Yan Xiang, Tianshu Zhang, Claire Granier, Guy Brasseur, Zhe Wang, and Jimmy C. H. Fung
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-3227, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-3227, 2025
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (ACP).
Short summary
Short summary
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) affect ozone formation and air quality. However, our understanding is limited due to insufficient measurements, especially for oxygenated VOCs. This study combines land, ship, and satellite data in Hong Kong, showing that oxygenated VOCs make up a significant portion of total VOCs. Despite their importance, many are underestimated in current models. These findings highlight the need to improve VOC representation in models to enhance air quality management.
Chunshui Lin, Ru-Jin Huang, Jing Duan, Jing Qu, Jiahua Liu, Yi Liu, Yan Luo, Wei Huang, Wei Xu, Yanan Zhan, Zhitao Liu, Sihan Liu, Qingshuang Zhang, Quan Liu, Zirui Liu, Shengrong Lou, Huinan Yang, Dan Dan Huang, Cheng Huang, and Hongli Wang
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-2521, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-2521, 2025
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (ACP).
Short summary
Short summary
Since China's 2013 Clean Air Act cut PM2.5 by over half, winter haze in the North China Plain persists due to secondary organic aerosols now dominating primary pollutants, requiring urgent regional cooperation to address model-underestimated chemical transformations and cross-border pollution.
Donger Lai, Yanxin Bai, Zijing Zhang, Pui-Kin So, Yong Jie Li, Ying-Lung Steve Tse, Ying-Yeung Yeung, Thomas Schaefer, Hartmut Herrmann, Jian Zhen Yu, Yuchen Wang, and Man Nin Chan
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-2743, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-2743, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Aqueous-phase •OH oxidation can potentially act as an important atmospheric sink for α-pinene-derived organosulfates (OSs). Such oxidation can also generate a variety of new OS products, and can be as a potential source for some atmospheric OSs with previously unknown origins.
Qianying Liu, Dan Dan Huang, Andrew T. Lambe, Shengrong Lou, Lulu Zeng, Yuhang Wu, Congyan Huang, Shikang Tao, Xi Cheng, Qi Chen, Ka In Hoi, Hongli Wang, Kai Meng Mok, Cheng Huang, and Yong Jie Li
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 18, 2509–2521, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-18-2509-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-18-2509-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
We evaluate the applicability of empirical equations to estimate OH exposure (OHexp) in an oxidative flow reactor (OFR). The fitting parameters obtained within a narrow range of conditions can generally be extended to estimate the OHexp for wide ranges of conditions in the OFR, except for external OH reactivity, which requires new fitting. At least 20–30 data points from SO2 or CO decay with varying conditions are required to fit a set of empirical parameters that can accurately estimate OHexp.
Shubin Li, Yujue Wang, Yiwen Zhang, Yizhe Yi, Yuchen Wang, Yuqi Guo, Chao Yu, Yue Jiang, Jinhui Shi, Chao Zhang, Jialei Zhu, Wei Hu, Jianzhen Yu, Xiaohong Yao, Huiwang Gao, and Min Hu
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-2154, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-2154, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Organosulfates (OSs) are an unrecognized and potentially important component in marine organic aerosols. In this study, we quantified and characterized the OSs over East Asian marginal seas. The chemical nature and spatiotemporal distribution of OSs were modified by the joint influence of marine emissions and transported terrestrial pollutants. The results highlight the vital roles of OSs in shaping organic aerosol formation and sulfur cycle during summer in marine boundary layer.
Huilin Hu, Yunyi Liang, Ting Li, Yongliang She, Yao Wang, Ting Yang, Min Zhou, Ziyue Li, Chenxi Li, Huayun Xiao, Jianlin Hu, Jingyi Li, and Yue Zhao
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-1909, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-1909, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Isoprene-derived secondary organic aerosol (iSOA) is a major type of biogenic SOA in the atmosphere, yet its response to long-term anthropogenic emission reductions remains poorly understood. Here, combing field observations and model simulations, we characterized the abundance, trend, and underlying drivers of iSOA in Shanghai, China during 2015–2021, which will advance our understandings of the formation and impacts of biogenic SOA under rapidly evolving emission scenarios in urban regions.
Chunmeng Li, Xiaorui Chen, Haichao Wang, Tianyu Zhai, Xuefei Ma, Xinping Yang, Shiyi Chen, Min Zhou, Shengrong Lou, Xin Li, Limin Zeng, and Keding Lu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 3905–3918, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-3905-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-3905-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
This study reports an observation of organic nitrate (including total peroxy nitrates and total alkyl nitrates) in Shanghai, China, during the summer of 2021, by homemade thermal dissociation cavity-enhanced absorption spectroscopy (TD-CEAS; Atmos. Meas. Tech., 14, 4033–4051, 2021). The distribution of organic nitrates and their effects on local ozone production are analyzed based on field observations in conjunction with model simulations.
Liyuan Zhou, Qianyun Liu, Christian M. Salvador, Michael Le Breton, Mattias Hallquist, Jian Zhen Yu, Chak K. Chan, and Åsa M. Hallquist
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 11045–11061, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-11045-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-11045-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Our research on city bus emissions reveals that alternative fuels (compressed natural gas and biofuels) reduce fresh particle emissions compared to diesel. However, all fuels lead to secondary air pollution. Aiming at guiding better environmental policies, we studied 76 buses using advanced emission measurement techniques. This work sheds light on the complex effects of bus fuels on urban air quality, emphasizing the need for comprehensive evaluations of future transportation technologies.
Fan Zhang, Binyu Xiao, Zeyu Liu, Yan Zhang, Chongguo Tian, Rui Li, Can Wu, Yali Lei, Si Zhang, Xinyi Wan, Yubao Chen, Yong Han, Min Cui, Cheng Huang, Hongli Wang, Yingjun Chen, and Gehui Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 8999–9017, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-8999-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-8999-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Mandatory use of low-sulfur fuel due to global sulfur limit regulations means large uncertainties in volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions. On-board tests of VOCs from nine cargo ships in China were carried out. Results showed that switching from heavy-fuel oil to diesel increased emission factor VOCs by 48 % on average, enhancing O3 and the secondary organic aerosol formation potential. Thus, implementing a global ultra-low-sulfur oil policy needs to be optimized in the near future.
Fei Ye, Jingyi Li, Yaqin Gao, Hongli Wang, Jingyu An, Cheng Huang, Song Guo, Keding Lu, Kangjia Gong, Haowen Zhang, Momei Qin, and Jianlin Hu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 7467–7479, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-7467-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-7467-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Naphthalene (Nap) and methylnaphthalene (MN) are key precursors of secondary organic aerosol (SOA), yet their sources and sinks are often inadequately represented in air quality models. In this study, we incorporated detailed emissions, gas-phase chemistry, and SOA parameterization of Nap and MN into CMAQ to address this issue. The findings revealed remarkably high SOA formation potentials for these compounds despite their low emissions in the Yangtze River Delta region during summer.
Shan Wang, Kezheng Liao, Zijing Zhang, Yuk Ying Cheng, Qiongqiong Wang, Hanzhe Chen, and Jian Zhen Yu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 5803–5821, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-5803-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-5803-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
In this work, hourly primary and secondary organic carbon were estimated by a novel Bayesian inference approach in suburban Hong Kong. Their multi-temporal-scale variations and evolution characteristics during PM2.5 episodes were examined. The methodology could serve as a guide for other locations with similar monitoring capabilities. The observation-based results are helpful for understanding the evolving nature of secondary organic aerosols and refining the accuracy of model simulations.
Wenjie Wang, Bin Yuan, Hang Su, Yafang Cheng, Jipeng Qi, Sihang Wang, Wei Song, Xinming Wang, Chaoyang Xue, Chaoqun Ma, Fengxia Bao, Hongli Wang, Shengrong Lou, and Min Shao
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 4017–4027, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-4017-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-4017-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study investigates the important role of unmeasured volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in ozone formation. Based on results in a megacity of China, we show that unmeasured VOCs can contribute significantly to ozone fomation and also influence the determination of ozone control strategy. Our results show that these unmeasured VOCs are mainly from human sources.
Qiongqiong Wang, Shuhui Zhu, Shan Wang, Cheng Huang, Yusen Duan, and Jian Zhen Yu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 475–486, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-475-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-475-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We investigated short-term source apportionment of PM2.5 utilizing rolling positive matrix factorization (PMF) and online PM chemical speciation data, which included source-specific organic tracers collected over a period of 37 d during the winter of 2019–2020 in suburban Shanghai, China. The findings highlight that by imposing constraints on the primary source profiles, short-term PMF analysis successfully replicated both the individual primary sources and the total secondary sources.
Ting Yang, Yu Xu, Qing Ye, Yi-Jia Ma, Yu-Chen Wang, Jian-Zhen Yu, Yu-Sen Duan, Chen-Xi Li, Hong-Wei Xiao, Zi-Yue Li, Yue Zhao, and Hua-Yun Xiao
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 13433–13450, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-13433-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-13433-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
In this study, 130 OS species were quantified in ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) collected in urban and suburban Shanghai (East China) in the summer of 2021. The daytime OS formation was concretized based on the interactions among OSs, ultraviolet (UV), ozone (O3), and sulfate. Our finding provides field evidence for the influence of photochemical process and anthropogenic sulfate on OS formation and has important implications for the mitigation of organic particulate pollution.
Matthias Kohl, Jos Lelieveld, Sourangsu Chowdhury, Sebastian Ehrhart, Disha Sharma, Yafang Cheng, Sachchida Nand Tripathi, Mathew Sebastian, Govindan Pandithurai, Hongli Wang, and Andrea Pozzer
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 13191–13215, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-13191-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-13191-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Knowledge on atmospheric ultrafine particles (UFPs) with a diameter smaller than 100 nm is crucial for public health and the hydrological cycle. We present a new global dataset of UFP concentrations at the Earth's surface derived with a comprehensive chemistry–climate model and evaluated with ground-based observations. The evaluation results are combined with high-resolution primary emissions to downscale UFP concentrations to an unprecedented horizontal resolution of 0.1° × 0.1°.
Xiaodong Xie, Jianlin Hu, Momei Qin, Song Guo, Min Hu, Dongsheng Ji, Hongli Wang, Shengrong Lou, Cheng Huang, Chong Liu, Hongliang Zhang, Qi Ying, Hong Liao, and Yuanhang Zhang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 10563–10578, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-10563-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-10563-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The atmospheric age of particles reflects how long particles have been formed and suspended in the atmosphere, which is closely associated with the evolution processes of particles. An analysis of the atmospheric age of PM2.5 provides a unique perspective on the evolution processes of different PM2.5 components. The results also shed lights on how to design effective emission control actions under unfavorable meteorological conditions.
Shuhui Zhu, Min Zhou, Liping Qiao, Dan Dan Huang, Qiongqiong Wang, Shan Wang, Yaqin Gao, Shengao Jing, Qian Wang, Hongli Wang, Changhong Chen, Cheng Huang, and Jian Zhen Yu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 7551–7568, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-7551-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-7551-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Organic aerosol (OA) is increasingly important in urban PM2.5 pollution as inorganic ions are becoming lower. We investigated the chemical characteristics of OA during nine episodes in Shanghai. The availability of bi-hourly measured molecular markers revealed that the control of local urban sources such as vehicular and cooking emissions lessened the severity of local episodes. Regional control of precursors and biomass burning would reduce PM2.5 episodes influenced by regional transport.
Yaqin Gao, Hongli Wang, Lingling Yuan, Shengao Jing, Bin Yuan, Guofeng Shen, Liang Zhu, Abigail Koss, Yingjie Li, Qian Wang, Dan Dan Huang, Shuhui Zhu, Shikang Tao, Shengrong Lou, and Cheng Huang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 6633–6646, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-6633-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-6633-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
A near-complete speciation of reactive organic gases from residential combustion was developed to get more insights into their atmospheric effects. Oxygenated species, higher hydrocarbons and nitrogen-containing species played larger roles in these emissions compared with common hydrocarbons. Based on the near-complete speciation, these emissions were largely underestimated, leading to more underestimation of their hydroxyl radical reactivity and secondary organic aerosol formation potential.
Yiqun Lu, Yingge Ma, Dan Dan Huang, Shengrong Lou, Sheng'ao Jing, Yaqin Gao, Hongli Wang, Yanjun Zhang, Hui Chen, Yunhua Chang, Naiqiang Yan, Jianmin Chen, Christian George, Matthieu Riva, and Cheng Huang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 3233–3245, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-3233-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-3233-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
N-containing oxygenated organic molecules have been identified as important precursors of aerosol particles. We used an ultra-high-resolution mass spectrometer coupled with an online sample inlet to accurately measure their molecular composition, concentration level and variation patterns. We show their formation process and influencing factors in a Chinese megacity involving various volatile organic compound precursors and atmospheric oxidants, and we highlight the influence of PM2.5 episodes.
Rui Li, Kun Zhang, Qing Li, Liumei Yang, Shunyao Wang, Zhiqiang Liu, Xiaojuan Zhang, Hui Chen, Yanan Yi, Jialiang Feng, Qiongqiong Wang, Ling Huang, Wu Wang, Yangjun Wang, Jian Zhen Yu, and Li Li
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 3065–3081, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-3065-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-3065-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Molecular markers in organic aerosol (OA) provide specific source information on PM2.5, and the contribution of cooking emissions to OA is significant, especially in urban environments. This study investigates the variation in concentrations and oxidative degradation of fatty acids and corresponding oxidation products in ambient air, which can be a guide for the refinement of aerosol source apportionment and provide scientific support for the development of emission source control policies.
Tingting Feng, Yingkun Wang, Weiwei Hu, Ming Zhu, Wei Song, Wei Chen, Yanyan Sang, Zheng Fang, Wei Deng, Hua Fang, Xu Yu, Cheng Wu, Bin Yuan, Shan Huang, Min Shao, Xiaofeng Huang, Lingyan He, Young Ro Lee, Lewis Gregory Huey, Francesco Canonaco, Andre S. H. Prevot, and Xinming Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 611–636, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-611-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-611-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
To investigate the impact of aging processes on organic aerosols (OA), we conducted a comprehensive field study at a continental remote site using an on-line mass spectrometer. The results show that OA in the Chinese outflows were strongly influenced by upwind anthropogenic emissions. The aging processes can significantly decrease the OA volatility and result in a varied viscosity of OA under different circumstances, signifying the complex physiochemical properties of OA in aged plumes.
Jingyu An, Cheng Huang, Dandan Huang, Momei Qin, Huan Liu, Rusha Yan, Liping Qiao, Min Zhou, Yingjie Li, Shuhui Zhu, Qian Wang, and Hongli Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 323–344, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-323-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-323-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This paper aims to build up an approach to establish a high-resolution emission inventory of intermediate-volatility and semi-volatile organic compounds in city-scale and detailed source categories and incorporate it into the CMAQ model. We believe this approach can be widely applied to improve the simulation of secondary organic aerosol and its source contributions.
Yarong Peng, Hongli Wang, Yaqin Gao, Shengao Jing, Shuhui Zhu, Dandan Huang, Peizhi Hao, Shengrong Lou, Tiantao Cheng, Cheng Huang, and Xuan Zhang
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 16, 15–28, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-15-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-15-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This work examined the phase partitioning behaviors of organic compounds at hourly resolution in ambient conditions with the use of the CHemical Analysis of aeRosols ONline (CHARON) inlet coupled to a proton-transfer-reaction time-of-flight mass spectrometer (PTR-ToF-MS). Properly accounting for the neutral losses of small moieties during the molecular feature extraction from PTR mass spectra could significantly reduce uncertainties associated with the gas–particle partitioning measurements.
Min Zhou, Guangjie Zheng, Hongli Wang, Liping Qiao, Shuhui Zhu, DanDan Huang, Jingyu An, Shengrong Lou, Shikang Tao, Qian Wang, Rusha Yan, Yingge Ma, Changhong Chen, Yafang Cheng, Hang Su, and Cheng Huang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 13833–13844, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-13833-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-13833-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The trend of aerosol pH and its drivers is crucial in understanding the multiphase formation pathways of aerosols. We reported the first trend analysis of aerosol pH from 2011 to 2019 in eastern China. Although significant variations of aerosol compositions were observed from 2011 to 2019, the aerosol pH estimated by model only slightly declined by 0.24. Our work shows that the opposite effects of SO42− and non-volatile cation changes play key roles in determining the moderate pH trend.
Wing Sze Chow, Kezheng Liao, X. H. Hilda Huang, Ka Fung Leung, Alexis K. H. Lau, and Jian Zhen Yu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 11557–11577, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-11557-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-11557-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Long-term monitoring data of PM2.5 chemical composition provide essential information for evaluation and planning of control measures. Here we present a 10-year (2008–2017) time series of PM2.5, its major components, and select source markers in an urban site in Hong Kong. The dataset verified the success of local vehicular emission control measures as well as reduction of sulfate and regional sources such as industrial and coal combustion and crop residue burning emissions over the decade.
Qiongqiong Wang, Shan Wang, Yuk Ying Cheng, Hanzhe Chen, Zijing Zhang, Jinjian Li, Dasa Gu, Zhe Wang, and Jian Zhen Yu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 11239–11253, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-11239-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-11239-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Secondary organic aerosol (SOA) is often enhanced during fine-particulate-matter (PM2.5) episodes. We examined bi-hourly measurements of SOA molecular tracers in suburban Hong Kong during 11 city-wide PM2.5 episodes. The tracers showed regional characteristics for both anthropogenic and biogenic SOA as well as biomass-burning-derived SOA. Multiple tracers of the same precursor revealed the dominance of low-NOx formation pathways for isoprene SOA and less-aged monoterpene SOA during winter.
Sihang Wang, Bin Yuan, Caihong Wu, Chaomin Wang, Tiange Li, Xianjun He, Yibo Huangfu, Jipeng Qi, Xiao-Bing Li, Qing'e Sha, Manni Zhu, Shengrong Lou, Hongli Wang, Thomas Karl, Martin Graus, Zibing Yuan, and Min Shao
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 9703–9720, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-9703-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-9703-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions from vehicles are measured using online mass spectrometers. Differences between gasoline and diesel vehicles are observed with higher emission factors of most oxygenated VOCs (OVOCs) and heavier aromatics from diesel vehicles. A higher aromatics / toluene ratio could provide good indicators to distinguish emissions from both vehicle types. We show that OVOCs account for significant contributions to VOC emissions from vehicles, especially diesel vehicles.
Wenjie Wang, David D. Parrish, Siwen Wang, Fengxia Bao, Ruijing Ni, Xin Li, Suding Yang, Hongli Wang, Yafang Cheng, and Hang Su
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 8935–8949, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-8935-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-8935-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Tropospheric ozone is an air pollutant that is detrimental to human health, vegetation and ecosystem productivity. A comprehensive characterisation of the spatial and temporal distribution of tropospheric ozone is critical to our understanding of these issues. Here we summarise this distribution over China from the available observational records to the extent possible. This study provides insights into efficient future ozone control strategies in China.
Shijie Cui, Dan Dan Huang, Yangzhou Wu, Junfeng Wang, Fuzhen Shen, Jiukun Xian, Yunjiang Zhang, Hongli Wang, Cheng Huang, Hong Liao, and Xinlei Ge
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 8073–8096, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-8073-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-8073-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Refractory black carbon (rBC) aerosols are important to air quality and climate change. rBC can mix with many other species, which can significantly change its properties and impacts. We used a specific set of techniques to exclusively characterize rBC-containing (rBCc) particles in Shanghai. We elucidated their composition, sources and size distributions and factors that affect their properties. Our findings are very valuable for advancing the understanding of BC and controlling BC pollution.
Xuefei Ma, Zhaofeng Tan, Keding Lu, Xinping Yang, Xiaorui Chen, Haichao Wang, Shiyi Chen, Xin Fang, Shule Li, Xin Li, Jingwei Liu, Ying Liu, Shengrong Lou, Wanyi Qiu, Hongli Wang, Limin Zeng, and Yuanhang Zhang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 7005–7028, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-7005-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-7005-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This paper presents the first OH and HO2 radical observations made in the Yangtze River Delta in China, and strong oxidation capacity is discovered based on direct measurements. The impacts of new OH regeneration mechanisms, monoterpene oxidation, and HO2 uptake processes are examined and discussed. The sources and the factors to sustain such strong oxidation are the key to understanding the ozone pollution formed in this area.
Rongshuang Xu, Sze In Madeleine Ng, Wing Sze Chow, Yee Ka Wong, Yuchen Wang, Donger Lai, Zhongping Yao, Pui-Kin So, Jian Zhen Yu, and Man Nin Chan
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 5685–5700, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-5685-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-5685-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
To date, while over a hundred organosulfates (OSs) have been detected in atmospheric aerosols, many of them are still unidentified, with unknown precursors and formation processes. We found the heterogeneous OH oxidation of an α-pinene-derived organosulfate (C10H17O5SNa, αpOS-249, αpOS-249) can proceed at an efficient rate and transform into more oxygenated OSs, which have been commonly detected in atmospheric aerosols and α-pinene-derived SOA in chamber studies.
Haoran Zhang, Nan Li, Keqin Tang, Hong Liao, Chong Shi, Cheng Huang, Hongli Wang, Song Guo, Min Hu, Xinlei Ge, Mindong Chen, Zhenxin Liu, Huan Yu, and Jianlin Hu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 5495–5514, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-5495-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-5495-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We developed a new algorithm with low economic/technique costs to identify primary and secondary components of PM2.5. Our model was shown to be reliable by comparison with different observation datasets. We systematically explored the patterns and changes in the secondary PM2.5 pollution in China at large spatial and time scales. We believe that this method is a promising tool for efficiently estimating primary and secondary PM2.5, and has huge potential for future PM mitigation.
Yee Ka Wong, Kin Man Liu, Claisen Yeung, Kenneth K. M. Leung, and Jian Zhen Yu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 5017–5031, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-5017-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-5017-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Coarse particulate matter (PM) has been shown to cause adverse health impacts, but compared to PM2.5, the source of coarse PM is less studied through field measurements. We collected chemical composition data for coarse PM in Hong Kong for a 1-year period. Using statistical models, we found that regional transport of fugitive dust is responsible for the elevated coarse PM. This work sets an example of how field measurements can be effectively utilized for evidence-based policymaking.
Haichao Wang, Chao Peng, Xuan Wang, Shengrong Lou, Keding Lu, Guicheng Gan, Xiaohong Jia, Xiaorui Chen, Jun Chen, Hongli Wang, Shaojia Fan, Xinming Wang, and Mingjin Tang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 1845–1859, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-1845-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-1845-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Via combining laboratory and modeling work, we found that heterogeneous reaction of N2O5 with saline mineral dust aerosol could be an important source of tropospheric ClNO2 in inland regions.
Runlong Cai, Yihao Li, Yohann Clément, Dandan Li, Clément Dubois, Marlène Fabre, Laurence Besson, Sebastien Perrier, Christian George, Mikael Ehn, Cheng Huang, Ping Yi, Yingge Ma, and Matthieu Riva
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 14, 2377–2387, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-2377-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-2377-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Orbitool is an open-source software tool, mainly coded in Python, with a graphical user interface (GUI), specifically developed to facilitate the analysis of online Orbitrap mass spectrometric data. It is notably optimized for long-term atmospheric measurements and laboratory studies.
Yao Wang, Yue Zhao, Yuchen Wang, Jian-Zhen Yu, Jingyuan Shao, Ping Liu, Wenfei Zhu, Zhen Cheng, Ziyue Li, Naiqiang Yan, and Huayun Xiao
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 2959–2980, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-2959-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-2959-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Organosulfates (OSs) are important constituents and tracers of secondary organic aerosols (SOAs) in the atmosphere. Here we characterized the OS species in ambient aerosols in Shanghai, China. We find that the contributions of OSs and SOAs to organic aerosols have increased in recent years and that OS production was largely controlled by the oxidant level (Ox), particularly in summer. We infer that mitigation of Ox pollution can effectively reduce the production of OSs and SOAs in eastern China.
Jingyu An, Yiwei Huang, Cheng Huang, Xin Wang, Rusha Yan, Qian Wang, Hongli Wang, Sheng'ao Jing, Yan Zhang, Yiming Liu, Yuan Chen, Chang Xu, Liping Qiao, Min Zhou, Shuhui Zhu, Qingyao Hu, Jun Lu, and Changhong Chen
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 2003–2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-2003-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-2003-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
This study established a 4 km × 4 km anthropogenic emission inventory in the Yangtze River Delta region, China, for 2017 based on locally measured emission factors and source profiles. There are high-intensity NOx and NMVOC species emissions in the eastern areas of the region. Toluene, 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene, m,p-xylene, propylene, ethylene, o-xylene, and OVOCs from industry and mobile sources have the highest comprehensive potentials for ozone and secondary organic aerosol formation.
Yarong Peng, Hongli Wang, Qian Wang, Shengao Jing, Jingyu An, Yaqin Gao, Cheng Huang, Rusha Yan, Haixia Dai, Tiantao Cheng, Qiang Zhang, Meng Li, Li Li, Shengrong Lou, Shikang Tao, Qinyao Hu, Jun Lu, and Changhong Chen
Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2020-1108, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2020-1108, 2020
Revised manuscript not accepted
Short summary
Short summary
The evolution of NMHCs emissions and the effectiveness of control measures were investigated based on long term measurements in a megacity of China. Discrepancies between measurements and emission inventories emphasized the need for emission validation both in speciation and sources. Varied trends of NMHCs speciation and sources suggested the differential effect of the past control measures, which provided new insights into future clean air policies in polluted region including China.
Caihong Wu, Chaomin Wang, Sihang Wang, Wenjie Wang, Bin Yuan, Jipeng Qi, Baolin Wang, Hongli Wang, Chen Wang, Wei Song, Xinming Wang, Weiwei Hu, Shengrong Lou, Chenshuo Ye, Yuwen Peng, Zelong Wang, Yibo Huangfu, Yan Xie, Manni Zhu, Junyu Zheng, Xuemei Wang, Bin Jiang, Zhanyi Zhang, and Min Shao
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 14769–14785, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-14769-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-14769-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Based on measurements from an online mass spectrometer, we quantify volatile organic compound (VOC) concentrations from numerous ions of the mass spectrometer, using information from laboratory-obtained calibration results. We find that most VOC concentrations are from oxygenated VOCs (OVOCs). We further show that these OVOCs also contribute significantly to OH reactivity. Our results suggest the important role of OVOCs in VOC emissions and chemistry in urban air.
Rui Li, Qiongqiong Wang, Xiao He, Shuhui Zhu, Kun Zhang, Yusen Duan, Qingyan Fu, Liping Qiao, Yangjun Wang, Ling Huang, Li Li, and Jian Zhen Yu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 12047–12061, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-12047-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-12047-2020, 2020
Yee Ka Wong, X. H. Hilda Huang, Peter K. K. Louie, Alfred L. C. Yu, Damgy H. L. Chan, and Jian Zhen Yu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 9871–9882, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-9871-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-9871-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
We present an approach to track separate contributions to PM2.5 by gasoline and diesel vehicles through a positive matrix factorization analysis of online monitoring data measurable by relatively inexpensive analytical instruments. They are PM2.5 organic and elemental carbon, C2–C9 volatile organic compounds, and nitrogen oxide concentrations. The method was demonstrated to be effective by applying monitoring data spanning 6 years (2011–2017) from a roadside environment in Hong Kong.
Yibei Wan, Xiangpeng Huang, Bin Jiang, Binyu Kuang, Manfei Lin, Deming Xia, Yuhong Liao, Jingwen Chen, Jian Zhen Yu, and Huan Yu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 9821–9835, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-9821-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-9821-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Biogenic iodine emission from macroalgae and microalgae could initiate atmospheric new particle formation (NPF). But it is unknown if other species are needed to drive the growth of new iodine particles in the marine boundary layer. Unlike the deeper understanding of organic compounds driving continental NPF, little is known about the organics involved in coastal or open-ocean NPF. This article reveals a new group of important organic compounds involved in this process.
Cited articles
Andersen, K. M., Mayor, J. R., and Turner, B. L.: Plasticity in N uptake among sympatric species with contrasting nutrient acquisition strategies in a tropical forest, Ecology, 98, 1388–1398, 2017.
Bandowe, B. A. M. and Meusel, H.: Nitrated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (nitro-PAHs) in the environment – A review, Sci. Total Environ., 581/582, 237–257, 2017.
Bones, D. L., Henricksen, D. K., Mang, S. A., Gonsior, M., Bateman, A. P., Nguyen, T. B., Cooper, W. J., and Nizkorodov, S. A.: Appearance of strong absorbers and fluorophores in limonene-O3 secondary organic aerosol due to NH -mediated chemical aging over long time scales, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 115, D05203, https://doi.org/10.1029/2009JD012864, 2010.
Cape, J. N., Cornell, S. E., Jickells, T. D., and Nemitz, E.: Organic nitrogen in the atmosphere – Where does it come from? A review of sources and methods, Atmos. Res., 102, 30–48, 2011.
Chen, H. Y. and Chen, L. D.: Occurrence of water soluble organic nitrogen in aerosols at a coastal area, J. Atmos. Chem., 65, 49–71, 2010.
Chow, K. S., Huang, X. H. H., and Yu, J. Z.: Quantification of nitroaromatic compounds in atmospheric fine particulate matter in Hong Kong over 3 years: field measurement evidence for secondary formation derived from biomass burning emissions, Environ. Chem., 13, 665–673, 2016.
Duan, F. K., Liu, X. D., He, K. B., and Dong, S. P.: Measurements and characteristics of nitrogen-containing compounds in atmospheric particulate matter in Beijing, China, Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol., 82, 332–337, 2009.
Farmer, D. K., Matsunaga, A., Docherty, K. S., Surratt, J. D., Seinfeld, J. H., Ziemann, P. J., and Jimenez, J. L.: Response of an aerosol mass spectrometer to organonitrates and organosulfates and implications for atmospheric chemistry, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 107, 6670–6675, 2010.
Galloway, M. M., Chhabra, P. S., Chan, A. W. H., Surratt, J. D., Flagan, R. C., Seinfeld, J. H., and Keutsch, F. N.: Glyoxal uptake on ammonium sulphate seed aerosol: reaction products and reversibility of uptake under dark and irradiated conditions, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 3331–3345, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-3331-2009, 2009.
Gross, S., Iannone, R., Xiao, S., and Bertram, A. K.: Reactive uptake studies of NO3 and N2O5 on alkenoic acid, alkanoate, and polyalcohol substrates to probe nighttime aerosol chemistry, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 11, 7792–7803, 2009.
Hao, L., Kari, E., Leskinen, A., Worsnop, D. R., and Virtanen, A.: Direct contribution of ammonia to α-pinene secondary organic aerosol formation, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 14393–14405, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-14393-2020, 2020.
He, X., Wang, Q. Q., Huang, X. H. H., Huang, D. D., Zhou, M., Qiao, L. P., Zhu, S. H., Ma, Y. G., Wang, H. L., Li, L., Huang, C., Xu, W., Worsnop, D. R., Goldstein, A. H., and Yu, J. Z.: Hourly measurements of organic molecular markers in urban Shanghai, China: Observation of enhanced formation of secondary organic aerosol during particulate matter episodic periods, Atmos. Environ., 240, 117807, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2020.117807, 2020.
Ho, K. F., Ho, S. S. H., Huang, R. J., Chuang, H. C., Cao, J. J., Han, Y. M., Lui, K. H., Ning, Z., Chuang, K. J., Cheng, T. J., Lee, S. C., Hu, D., Wang, B., and Zhang, R. J.: Chemical composition and bioreactivity of PM2.5 during 2013 haze events in China, Atmos. Environ., 126, 162–170, 2016.
Huang, D. D., Zhu, S. H., An, J. Y., Wang, Q. Q., Qiao, L. P., Zhou, M., He, X., Ma, Y. G., Sun, Y. L., Huang, C., Yu, J. Z., and Zhang, Q.: Comparative Assessment of Cooking Emission Contributions to Urban Organic Aerosol Using Online Molecular Tracers and Aerosol Mass Spectrometry Measurements, Environ. Sci. Technol., 55, 14526–14535, 2021a.
Huang, W., Yang, Y., Wang, Y. H., Gao, W. K., Li, H. Y., Zhang, Y. Y., Li, J. Y., Zhao, S. M., Yan, Y. C., Ji, D. S., Tang, G. Q., Liu, Z. R., Wang, L. L., Zhang, R. J., and Wang, Y. S.: Exploring the inorganic and organic nitrate aerosol formation regimes at a suburban site on the North China Plain, Sci. Total Environ., 768, 144538, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144538, 2021b.
Jickells, T., Baker, A. R., Cape, J. N., Cornell, S. E., and Nemitz, E.: The cycling of organic nitrogen through the atmosphere, Philos. T. R. Soc. Lond. B, 368, 20130115, https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2013.0115, 2013.
Kielland, K., Mcfarland, J. W., and Olson, K.: Amino acid uptake in deciduous and coniferous taiga ecosystems, Plant Soil, 288, 297–307, 2006.
Laskin, A., Laskin, J., and Nizkorodov, S. A.: Chemistry of Atmospheric Brown Carbon, Chem. Rev., 115, 4335–4382, 2015.
Li, R., Wang, X. F., Gu, R. R., Lu, C. Y., Zhu, F. P., Xue, L. K., Xie, H. J., Du, L., Chen, J. M., and Wang, W. X.: Identification and semi-quantification of biogenic organic nitrates in ambient particulate matters by UHPLC/ESI-MS, Atmos. Environ., 176, 140–147, 2018.
Li, Y. M., Fu, T. M., Yu, J. Z., Yu, X., Chen, Q., Miao, R. Q., Zhou, Y., Zhang, A. X., Ye, J. H., Yang, X., Tao, S., Liu, H. B., and Yao, W. Q.: Dissecting the contributions of organic nitrogen aerosols to global atmospheric nitrogen deposition and implications for ecosystems, Natl. Sci. Rev., 10, nwad244, https://doi.org/10.1093/nsr/nwad244, 2023.
Li, Z., Nizkorodov, S. A., Chen, H., Lu, X., Yang, X., and Chen, J.: Nitrogen-containing secondary organic aerosol formation by acrolein reaction with ammonia/ammonium, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 1343–1356, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-1343-2019, 2019.
Lian, X. F., Zhang, G. H., Yang, Y. X., Lin, Q. H., Fu, Y. Z., Jiang, F., Peng, L., Hu, X. D., Chen, D. H., Wang, X. M., Peng, P. A., Sheng, G. Y., and Bi, X. H.: Evidence for the Formation of Imidazole from Carbonyls and Reduced Nitrogen Species at the Individual Particle Level in the Ambient Atmosphere, Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett., 8, 9–15, 2021.
Lim, Y. B., Kim, H., Kim, J. Y., and Turpin, B. J.: Photochemical organonitrate formation in wet aerosols, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 12631–12647, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-12631-2016, 2016.
Liu, F. X., Bi, X. H., Zhang, G. H., Lian, X. F., Fu, Y. Z., Yang, Y. X., Lin, Q. H., Jiang, F., Wang, X. M., Peng, P. A., and Sheng, G. Y.: Gas-to-particle partitioning of atmospheric amines observed at a mountain site in southern China, Atmos. Environ., 195, 1–11, 2018a.
Liu, T. Y., Wang, Z., Huang, D. D., Wang, X. M., and Chan, C. K.: Significant Production of Secondary Organic Aerosol from Emissions of Heated Cooking Oils, Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett., 5, 32–37, 2018b.
Liu, X. D., Wang, H. Y., Wang, F. L., Lv, S. J., Wu, C., Zhao, Y., Zhang, S., Liu, S. J., Xu, X. B., Lei, Y. L., and Wang, G. H.: Secondary Formation of Atmospheric Brown Carbon in China Haze: Implication for an Enhancing Role of Ammonia, Environ. Sci. Technol., 57, 11163–11172, 2023.
Mace, K. A., Artaxo, P., and Duce, R. A.: Water-soluble organic nitrogen in Amazon Basin aerosols during the dry (biomass burning) and wet seasons, J. Geophys. Res., 108, 4512, https://doi.org/10.1029/2003JD003557, 2003.
Matsumoto, K., Sakata, K., and Watanabe, Y.: Water-soluble and water-insoluble organic nitrogen in the dry and wet deposition, Atmos. Environ., 218, 117022, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2019.117022, 2019.
Miller-Schulze, J. P., Paulsen, M., Toriba, A., Tang, N., Hayakawa, K., Tamura, K., Dong, L. J., Zhang, X. M., and Simpson, C. D.: Exposures to Particulate Air Pollution and Nitro-Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons among Taxi Drivers in Shenyang, China, Environ. Sci. Technol., 44, 216–221, 2010.
Miyazaki, Y., Kawamura, K., Jung, J., Furutani, H., and Uematsu, M.: Latitudinal distributions of organic nitrogen and organic carbon in marine aerosols over the western North Pacific, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 3037–3049, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-3037-2011, 2011.
Nakamura, T., Ogawa, H., Maripi, D. K., and Uematsu, M.: Contribution of water soluble organic nitrogen to total nitrogen in marine aerosols over the East China Sea and western North Pacific, Atmos. Environ., 40, 7259–7264, 2006.
Noziere, B., Dziedzic, P., and Cordova, A.: Products and kinetics of the liquid-phase reaction of glyoxal catalyzed by ammonium ions (NH ), J. Phys. Chem. A, 113, 231–237, 2009.
Pavuluri, C. M., Kawamura, K., and Fu, P. Q.: Atmospheric chemistry of nitrogenous aerosols in northeastern Asia: biological sources and secondary formation, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 9883–9896, 2015.
Perring, A. E., Pusede, S. E., and Cohen, R. C.: An observational perspective on the atmospheric impacts of alkyl and multifunctional nitrates on ozone and secondary organic aerosol, Chem. Rev., 113, 5848–5870, 2013.
Qiao, L. P., Cai, J., Wang, H. L., Wang, W. B., Zhou, M., Lou, S. R., Chen, R. J., Dai, H. X., Chen, C. H., and Kan, H. D.: PM2.5 constituents and hospital emergency-room visits in Shanghai, China, Environ. Sci. Technol., 48, 10406–10414, 2014.
Qiu, C., Wang, L., Lal, V., Khalizov, A. F., and Zhang, R. Y.: Heterogeneous Reactions of Alkylamines with Ammonium Sulfate and Ammonium Bisulfate, Environ. Sci. Technol., 45, 4748–4755, 2011.
Ren, L. J., Bai, H. H., Yu, X., Wu, F. C., Yue, S. Y., Ren, H., Li, L. J., Lai, S. C., Sun, Y. L., Wang, Z. F., and Fu, P. Q.: Molecular composition and seasonal variation of amino acids in urban aerosols from Beijing, China, Atmos. Res., 203, 28–35, 2018.
Rizwan Khan, M., Naushad, M., and Abdullah Alothman, Z.: Presence of heterocyclic amine carcinogens in home-cooked and fast-food camel meat burgers commonly consumed in Saudi Arabia, Sci. Rep., 7, 1707, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-01968-x, 2017.
Rollins, A. W., Browne, E. C., Min, K. E., Pusede, S. E., Wooldridge, P. J., Gentner, D. R., Goldstein, A. H., Liu, S., Day, D. A., Russell, L. M., and Cohen, R. C.: Evidence for NOx Control over Nighttime SOA Formation, Science, 337, 1210–1212, 2012.
Samy, S. and Hays, M. D.: Quantitative LC-MS for water-soluble heterocyclic amines in fine aerosols (PM2.5) at Duke Forest, USA, Atmos. Environ., 72, 77–80, 2013.
Schlag, P., Rubach, F., Mentel, T. F., Reimer, D., Canonaco, F., Henzing, J. S., Moerman, M., Otjes, R., Prevot, A. S. H., Rohrer, F., Rosati, B., Tillmann, R., Weingartner, E., and Kiendler-Scharr, A.: Ambient and laboratory observations of organic ammonium salts in PM1, Faraday Discuss., 200, 331–351, 2017.
Violaki, K. and Mihalopoulos, N.: Water-soluble organic nitrogen (WSON) in size-segregated atmospheric particles over the Eastern Mediterranean, Atmos. Environ., 44, 4339–4345, 2010.
Violaki, K. and Mihalopoulos, N.: Urea: An important piece of Water Soluble Organic Nitrogen (WSON) over the Eastern Mediterranean, Sci. Total Environ., 409, 4796–4801, 2011.
Wang, Q. Q. and Yu, J. Z.: Ambient Measurements of Heterogeneous Ozone Oxidation Rates of Oleic, Elaidic, and Linoleic Acid Using a Relative Rate Constant Approach in an Urban Environment, Geophys. Res. Lett., 48, e2021GL095130, https://doi.org/10.1029/2021GL095130, 2021.
Wang, Q. Q., Huang, X. H. H., Zhang, T., Zhang, Q. Y., Feng, Y. M., Yuan, Z. B., Wu, D., Lau, A. K. H., and Yu, J. Z.: Organic tracer-based source analysis of PM2.5 organic and elemental carbon: A case study at Dongguan in the Pearl River Delta, China, Atmos. Environ., 118, 164–175, 2015.
Wang, Q. Q., Qiao, L. P., Zhou, M., Zhu, S. H., Griffith, S., Li, L., and Yu, J. Z.: Source apportionment of PM2.5 using hourly measurements of elemental tracers and major constituents in an urban environment: Investigation of time-resolution influence, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 123, 5284–5300, 2018.
Wei, S. L., Huang, B., Liu, M., Bi, X. H., Ren, Z. F., Sheng, G. Y., and Fu, J. M.: Characterization of PM2.5-bound nitrated and oxygenated PAHs in two industrial sites of South China, Atmos. Res., 109/110, 76–83, 2012.
Williams, B. J., Goldstein, A. H., Kreisberg, N. M., and Hering, S. V.: An in-situ instrument for speciated organic composition of atmospheric aerosols: thermal Desorption Aerosol GC/MS-FID (TAG), Aerosol Sci. Technol., 40, 627–638, 2006.
Xie, M., Chen, X., Hays, M. D., Lewandowski, M., Offenberg, J., Kleindienst, T. E., and Holder, A. L.: Light absorption of secondary organic aerosol: composition and contribution of nitroaromatic compounds, Environ. Sci. Technol., 51, 11607–11616, 2017.
Xu, W., Takeuchi, M., Chen, C., Qiu, Y., Xie, C., Xu, W., Ma, N., Worsnop, D. R., Ng, N. L., and Sun, Y.: Estimation of particulate organic nitrates from thermodenuder–aerosol mass spectrometer measurements in the North China Plain, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 14, 3693–3705, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-3693-2021, 2021.
Xu, Y., Miyazaki, Y., Tachibana, E., Sato, K., Ramasamy, S., Mochizuki, T., Sadanaga, Y., Nakashima, Y., Sakamoto, Y., Matsuda, K., and Kajii, Y.: Aerosol Liquid Water Promotes the Formation of Water-Soluble Organic Nitrogen in Submicrometer Aerosols in a Suburban Forest, Environ. Sci. Technol., 54, 1406–1414, 2020.
Yao, L., Garmash, O., Bianchi, F., Zheng, J., Yan, C., Kontkanen, J., Junninen, H., Mazon, S. B., Ehn, M., Paasonen, P., Sipila, M., Wang, M. Y., Wang, X. K., Xiao, S., Chen, H. F., Lu, Y. Q., Zhang, B. W., Wang, D. F., Fu, Q. Y., Geng, F. H., Li, L., Wang, H. L., Qiao, L. P., Yang, X., Chen, J. M., Kerminen, V., Petäjä, T., Worsnop, D. R., Kulmala, M., and Wang, L.: Atmospheric new particle formation from sulfuric acid and amines in a Chinese megacity, Science, 361, 278–281, 2018.
Yu, X., Yu, Q. Q., Zhu, M., Tang, M. J., Li, S., Yang, W. Q., Zhang, Y. L., Deng, W., Li, G. H., Yu, Y. G., Huang, Z. H., Song, W., Ding, X., Hu, Q. H., Li, J., Bi, X. H., and Wang, X. M.: Water Soluble Organic Nitrogen (WSON) in Ambient Fine Particles Over a Megacity in South China: Spatiotemporal Variations and Source Apportionment, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 122, 13045–13060, 2017.
Yu, X., Li, Q. F., Ge, Y., Li, Y. M., Liao, K. Z., Huang, X. H. H., Li, J. J., and Yu, J. Z.: Simultaneous Determination of Aerosol Inorganic and Organic Nitrogen by Thermal Evolution and Chemiluminescence Detection, Environ. Sci. Technol., 55, 11579–11589, 2021.
Yu, X., Zhou, M., Li, J. J., Qiao, L. P., Lou, S. R., Han, W. Y., Zhang, Z. J., Huang, C., and Yu, J. Z.: First Online Observation of Aerosol Total Organic Nitrogen at an Urban Site: Insights Into the Emission Sources and Formation Pathways of Nitrogenous Organic Aerosols, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 128, e2023JD038921, https://doi.org/10.1029/2023JD038921, 2023.
Yu, X., Li, Q. F., Liao, K. Z., Li, Y. M., Wang, X. M., Zhou, Y., Liang, Y. M., and Yu, J. Z.: New measurements reveal a large contribution of nitrogenous molecules to ambient organic aerosol, npj Clim. Atmos. Sci., 7, 72, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41612-024-00620-6, 2024.
Zhang, G., Lian, X., Fu, Y., Lin, Q., Li, L., Song, W., Wang, Z., Tang, M., Chen, D., Bi, X., Wang, X., and Sheng, G.: High secondary formation of nitrogen-containing organics (NOCs) and its possible link to oxidized organics and ammonium, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 1469–1481, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-1469-2020, 2020.
Zhang, J., Wang, X. F., Li, R., Dong, S. W., Chen, J., Zhang, Y. N., Zheng, P. G., Li, M., Chen, T. S., Liu, Y. H., Xue, L. K., Zhou, X. H., Du, L., Zhang, Q. Z., and Wang, W. X.: Significant impacts of anthropogenic activities on monoterpene and oleic acid-derived particulate organic nitrates in the North China Plain, Atmos. Res., 256, 105585, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2021.105585, 2021.
Zhang, Q., Anastasio, C., and Jimenez-Cruz, M.: Water-soluble organic nitrogen in atmospheric fine particles (PM2.5) from northern California, J. Geophys. Res., 107, D114112, https://doi.org/10.1029/2001JD000870, 2002.
Zhang, Q. Y., Ma, H. M., Li, J., Jiang, H. X., Chen, W. J., Wan, C., Jiang, B., Dong, G. H., Zeng, X. W., Chen, D. H., Lu, S. Y., You, J., Yu, Z. Q., Wang, X. M., and Zhang, G.: Nitroaromatic Compounds from Secondary Nitrate Formation and Biomass Burning Are Major Proinflammatory Components in Organic Aerosols in Guangzhou: A Bioassay Combining High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry Analysis, Environ. Sci. Technol., 57, 21570–21580, 2023.
Zhao, Z. J., Husainy, S., Stoudemayer, C. T., and Smith, G. D.: Reactive uptake of NO3 radicals by unsaturated fatty acid particles, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 13, 17809–17817, 2011.
Zhou, M., Nie, W., Qiao, L. P., Huang, D. D., Zhu, S. H., Lou, S. R., Wang, H. L., Wang, Q., Tao S. K., Sun, P., Liu, Y. W., Xu, Z., An, J. Y., Yan, R. S., Huang, C., Ding, A. J., and Chen, C. H.: Elevated Formation of Particulate Nitrate From N2O5 Hydrolysis in the Yangtze River Delta Region From 2011 to 2019, Geophys. Res. Lett., 49, e2021GL097393, https://doi.org/10.1029/2021GL097393, 2022.
Zhu, S. H., Wang, Q. Q., Qiao, L. P., Zhou, M., Wang, S., Lou, S. R., Huang, D. D., Wang, Q., Jing, S. G., Wang, H. L., Chen, C. H., Huang, C., and Yu, J. Z.: Tracer-based Characterization of Source Variations of PM2.5 and Organic Carbon in Shanghai Influenced by the COVID-19 Lockdown, Faraday Discuss., 226, 112–137, 2021.
Short summary
Online measurements of bulk aerosol organic nitrogen (ON), in conjunction with a comprehensive array of source markers, have revealed five emission sources and five potentially significant formation processes of nitrogenous organic aerosols. This study provides a first quantitative source analysis of ON aerosol and valuable observational evidence of secondary ON aerosol formation through NH3 and NOx chemistries.
Online measurements of bulk aerosol organic nitrogen (ON), in conjunction with a comprehensive...
Altmetrics
Final-revised paper
Preprint