Articles | Volume 25, issue 3
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-1899-2025
© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-1899-2025
© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
12 Feb 2025
Research article |
| 12 Feb 2025
| 12 Feb 2025
Atmospheric carbonyl compounds are crucial in regional ozone heavy pollution: insights from the Chengdu Plain Urban Agglomeration, China
Jiemeng Bao
Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Benchmarks and Risk Assessment, Beijing 100012, China
School of Environmental Science and Engineering of Peking University, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Joint Laboratory of Regional Pollution Control International Cooperation of the Ministry of Education, Beijing 100871, China
Xin Zhang
Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Benchmarks and Risk Assessment, Beijing 100012, China
School of Environmental Science and Engineering of Peking University, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Joint Laboratory of Regional Pollution Control International Cooperation of the Ministry of Education, Beijing 100871, China
Zhenhai Wu
Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Benchmarks and Risk Assessment, Beijing 100012, China
Li Zhou
College of Carbon Neutrality Future Technology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
Jun Qian
Sichuan Radiation Environment Management and Monitoring Central Station, Chengdu 611139, China
Qinwen Tan
Chengdu Academy of Environmental Sciences, Atmospheric Environment Research Institute, Chengdu 610046, China
Fumo Yang
College of Carbon Neutrality Future Technology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
Junhui Chen
Sichuan Academy of Eco-Environmental Sciences, Atmospheric Environment Research Institute, Chengdu 610042, China
Yunfeng Li
School of Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Petrochemical Technology, Beijing 102617, China
Hefan Liu
Chengdu Academy of Environmental Sciences, Atmospheric Environment Research Institute, Chengdu 610046, China
Liqun Deng
Sichuan Academy of Eco-Environmental Sciences, Atmospheric Environment Research Institute, Chengdu 610042, China
Hong Li
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Benchmarks and Risk Assessment, Beijing 100012, China
Related authors
No articles found.
Yongxin Yan, Junling Li, Yufei Song, Yushi Gong, Shudan Wei, Zhaolin Wang, Haijie Zhang, Yanqin Ren, Maofa Ge, and Hong Li
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-5992, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-5992, 2026
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (ACP).
Short summary
Short summary
This study examines NH3 effects on photochemical oxidation of mixed AVOC and BVOC under high-NOx conditions. NH3 promotes nucleation and accelerates SOA formation, though its impact on particle size is limited by the VOC/NOx ratio. NH3 enhances carbonyl production, strengthens SOA formation through acid-base and radical reactions, and suppresses OOMs. The results improve understanding of SOA formation in complex emission environments and support more accurate air quality forecasting.
Song Liu, Xiaopu Lyu, Fumo Yang, Zongbo Shi, Xin Huang, Tengyu Liu, Hongli Wang, Mei Li, Jian Gao, Nan Chen, Guoliang Shi, Yu Zou, Chenglei Pei, Chengxu Tong, Xinyi Liu, Li Zhou, Alex B. Guenther, and Nan Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 26, 635–646, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-635-2026, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-635-2026, 2026
Short summary
Short summary
We studied the invisible gas isoprene, which trees and vehicles release into the air and which can worsen urban smog. Using advanced computer learning trained on measurements from many cities, we uncovered how temperature, sunlight, and city greening shape isoprene levels. Comparing Hong Kong and London, we found climate warming boosts isoprene and future ozone pollution, but strong cuts in anthropogenic emission could limit this impact.
Yunsong Du, Fumo Yang, Sijia Lou, Baolei Lyu, Ran Huang, Guangming Shi, Yongtao Hu, Yan Jiang, and Nan Wang
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-5244, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-5244, 2026
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (ACP).
Short summary
Short summary
This study shows that using dynamically changing chemical boundary conditions is essential for accurately simulating summer ozone pollution in China. By integrating real-time global data, we improve model performance and reveal how large-scale weather patterns drive cross-border and stratospheric transport. These results support more reliable ozone forecasting and pollution mitigation.
Zhuozhi Shu, Fumo Yang, Guangming Shi, Yuqing Zhang, Yongjie Huang, Xinning Yu, Baiwan Pan, and Tianliang Zhao
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 15437–15451, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-15437-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-15437-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
We targeted four stratospheric intrusion episodes to investigate the impacts of cross-layer transport of stratospheric O3 on the near-surface environmental atmosphere over Sichuan Basin and uncover multi-scale atmospheric circulation coupling mechanisms with the seasonally discrepant terrain effects of Tibetan Plateau. Results provided the critical insights into understanding of regional O3 pollution genesis with the exceptional natural sources contribution derived from the stratosphere.
Liuwei Kong, Xin Li, Yu Wang, Sihua Lu, Ying Liu, Shengrong Lou, Wenxin Zhou, Xinping Yang, Yan Ding, Yi Liu, Mengdi Song, Shuyu He, Kai Wang, Feng Wang, Xiaocen Shi, Jian Wang, Yun Zou, Chaofan Lian, Hefan Liu, Miao Feng, Xiaoya Dou, Limin Zeng, and Yuanhang Zhang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 13311–13326, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-13311-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-13311-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Our research investigates the volatile organic compounds evaporative emission characteristics of China's typical representative vehicle regulatory standards. The emission factors, chemical composition characteristics and source profiles of volatile organic compounds were determined. The hydroxyl radical total reactivity and compositions of evaporative emissions were quantified, and identified key volatile organic compounds reactive species contributing to atmospheric photochemical processes.
Nan Wang, Song Liu, Jiawei Xu, Yanyu Wang, Chun Li, Yuning Xie, Hua Lu, and Fumo Yang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 8859–8870, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-8859-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-8859-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
We found that climate warming and changes in vegetation have increased biogenic volatile organic compound emissions in the Pearl River Delta region. These increasing natural emissions, mainly due to climate warming, are weakening the benefits of reducing human-made emissions through control, leading to higher ozone levels. This work helps us understand how climate change influences air quality and provides important insights for improving pollution control strategies in the future.
Yanqin Ren, Zhenhai Wu, Fang Bi, Hong Li, Haijie Zhang, Junling Li, Rui Gao, Fangyun Long, Zhengyang Liu, Yuanyuan Ji, and Gehui Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 6975–6990, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-6975-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-6975-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
The daily concentrations of Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), oxygenated PAHs (OPAHs), and nitrated phenols (NPs) in PM2.5 were all increased during the heating season. Biomass burning was identified to be the primary source of these aromatic compounds, particularly for PAHs. Phenol and nitrobenzene are two main primary precursors for 4NP, with phenol showing lower reaction barriers. P-Cresol was identified as the primary precursor for the formation of 4-methyl-5-nitrocatechol.
Chao Peng, Yan Ding, Zhenliang Li, Tianyu Zhai, Xinping Yang, Mi Tian, Yang Chen, Xin Long, Haohui Tang, Guangming Shi, Liuyi Zhang, Kangyin Zhang, Fumo Yang, and Chongzhi Zhai
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-101, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-101, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Organic aerosol is a dominant component of atmospheric aerosol worldwide, and it is recognized as a key factor affecting air quality and possibly climate. We revealed the aqueous secondary organic aerosol formation and brownness from aged biomass-burning emissions and highlighted the importance of aqueous-phase reactions on air quality and climate. The aqueous secondary organic aerosol from aged biomass-burning emissions should be taken into account in air quality and climate models.
Junling Li, Chaofan Lian, Mingyuan Liu, Hao Zhang, Yongxin Yan, Yufei Song, Chun Chen, Jiaqi Wang, Haijie Zhang, Yanqin Ren, Yucong Guo, Weigang Wang, Yisheng Xu, Hong Li, Jian Gao, and Maofa Ge
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 2551–2568, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-2551-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-2551-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
As a key source of hydroxyl (OH) radical, nitrous acid (HONO) has attracted much attention for its important role in the atmospheric oxidant capacity (AOC) increase. In this study, we made a comparison of the ambient levels, variation patterns, sources, and formation pathway in the warm season on the basis of continuous intensive observations at an urban site of Beijing. This work highlights the importance of HONO for the AOC in the warm season.
Yanqin Ren, Zhenhai Wu, Yuanyuan Ji, Fang Bi, Junling Li, Haijie Zhang, Hao Zhang, Hong Li, and Gehui Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 6525–6538, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-6525-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-6525-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Nitrated aromatic compounds (NACs) and oxygenated derivatives of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (OPAHs) in PM2.5 were examined from an urban area in Beijing during the autumn and winter. The OPAH and NAC concentrations were much higher during heating than before heating. They majorly originated from the combustion of biomass and automobile emissions, and the secondary generation was the major contributor throughout the whole sampling period.
Nan Wang, Yunsong Du, Dongyang Chen, Haiyan Meng, Xi Chen, Li Zhou, Guangming Shi, Yu Zhan, Miao Feng, Wei Li, Mulan Chen, Zhenliang Li, and Fumo Yang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 3029–3042, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-3029-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-3029-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
In the scorching August 2022 heatwave, China's Sichuan Basin saw a stark contrast in ozone (O3) levels between Chengdu and Chongqing. The regional disparities were studied considering meteorology, precursors, photochemistry, and transportation. The study highlighted the importance of tailored pollution control measures and underlined the necessity for region-specific strategies to combat O3 pollution on a regional scale.
Chen He, Hanxiong Che, Zier Bao, Yiliang Liu, Qing Li, Miao Hu, Jiawei Zhou, Shumin Zhang, Xiaojiang Yao, Quan Shi, Chunmao Chen, Yan Han, Lingshuo Meng, Xin Long, Fumo Yang, and Yang Chen
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 1627–1639, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-1627-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-1627-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We examined the daily evolution of high molecular-weight organic compounds with a molecular weight of up to 1000 Da in order to comprehend their behaviors in the atmosphere under actual conditions. These compounds were proven to undergo multi-generation oxidation, carboxylation, and nitrification via both day- and nighttime chemistry.
Nan Wang, Hongyue Wang, Xin Huang, Xi Chen, Yu Zou, Tao Deng, Tingyuan Li, Xiaopu Lyu, and Fumo Yang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 1559–1570, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-1559-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-1559-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study explores the influence of extreme-weather-induced natural processes on ozone pollution, which is often overlooked. By analyzing meteorological factors, natural emissions, chemistry pathways and atmospheric transport, we discovered that these natural processes could substantially exacerbate ozone pollution. The findings contribute to a deeper understanding of ozone pollution and offer valuable insights for controlling ozone pollution in the context of global warming.
Yanqin Ren, Gehui Wang, Jie Wei, Jun Tao, Zhisheng Zhang, and Hong Li
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 6835–6848, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-6835-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-6835-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Nine quantified nitrated aromatic compounds (NACs) in PM2.5 were examined at the peak of Mt. Wuyi. They manifested a significant rise in overall abundance in the winter and autumn. The transport of contaminants had a significant impact on NACs. Under low-NOx conditions, the formation of NACs was comparatively sensitive to NO2, suggesting that NACs would become significant in the aerosol characteristics when nitrate concentrations decreased as a result of emission reduction measures.
Suding Yang, Xin Li, Limin Zeng, Xuena Yu, Ying Liu, Sihua Lu, Xiaofeng Huang, Dongmei Zhang, Haibin Xu, Shuchen Lin, Hefan Liu, Miao Feng, Danlin Song, Qinwen Tan, Jinhui Cui, Lifan Wang, Ying Chen, Wenjie Wang, Haijiong Sun, Mengdi Song, Liuwei Kong, Yi Liu, Linhui Wei, Xianwu Zhu, and Yuanhang Zhang
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 16, 501–512, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-501-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-501-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Vertical observation of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) is essential to study the spatial distribution and evolution patterns of VOCs in the planetary boundary layer (PBL). This paper describes multi-channel whole-air sampling equipment onboard an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) for near-continuous VOC vertical observation. Vertical profiles of VOCs and trace gases during the evolution of the PBL in south-western China have been successfully obtained by deploying the newly developed UAV system.
Zhier Bao, Xinyi Zhang, Qing Li, Jiawei Zhou, Guangming Shi, Li Zhou, Fumo Yang, Shaodong Xie, Dan Zhang, Chongzhi Zhai, Zhenliang Li, Chao Peng, and Yang Chen
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 1147–1167, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-1147-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-1147-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We characterised non-refractory fine particulate matter (PM2.5) during winter in the Sichuan Basin (SCB), Southwest China. The factors driving severe aerosol pollution were revealed, highlighting the importance of rapid nitrate formation and intensive biomass burning. Nitrate was primarily formed through gas-phase oxidation during daytime and aqueous-phase oxidation during nighttime. Controlling nitrate and biomass burning will benefit the mitigation of haze formation in the SCB.
Junling Li, Kun Li, Hao Zhang, Xin Zhang, Yuanyuan Ji, Wanghui Chu, Yuxue Kong, Yangxi Chu, Yanqin Ren, Yujie Zhang, Haijie Zhang, Rui Gao, Zhenhai Wu, Fang Bi, Xuan Chen, Xuezhong Wang, Weigang Wang, Hong Li, and Maofa Ge
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 10489–10504, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-10489-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-10489-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Ozone formation is enhanced by higher OH concentration and higher temperature but is influenced little by SO2. SO2 can largely enhance the particle formation. Organo-sulfates and organo-nitrates are detected in the formed particles, and the presence of SO2 can promote the formation of organo-sulfates. The results provide a scientific basis for systematically evaluating the effects of SO2, OH concentration, and temperature on the oxidation of mixed organic gases in the atmosphere.
Junlei Zhan, Yongchun Liu, Wei Ma, Xin Zhang, Xuezhong Wang, Fang Bi, Yujie Zhang, Zhenhai Wu, and Hong Li
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 15, 1511–1520, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-1511-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-1511-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Our study investigated the O3 formation sensitivity in Beijing using a random forest model coupled with the reactivity of volatile organic
compound (VOC) species. Results found that random forest accurately predicted O3 concentration when initial VOCs were considered, and relative importance correlated well with O3 formation potential. The O3 isopleth curves calculated by the random forest model were generally comparable with those calculated by the box model.
Men Xia, Xiang Peng, Weihao Wang, Chuan Yu, Zhe Wang, Yee Jun Tham, Jianmin Chen, Hui Chen, Yujing Mu, Chenglong Zhang, Pengfei Liu, Likun Xue, Xinfeng Wang, Jian Gao, Hong Li, and Tao Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 15985–16000, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-15985-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-15985-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
ClNO2 is an important precursor of chlorine radical that affects photochemistry. However, its production and impact are not well understood. Our study presents field observations of ClNO2 at three sites in northern China. These observations provide new insights into nighttime processes that produce ClNO2 and the significant impact of ClNO2 on secondary pollutions during daytime. The results improve the understanding of photochemical pollution in the lower part of the atmosphere.
Yangang Ren, Li Zhou, Abdelwahid Mellouki, Véronique Daële, Mahmoud Idir, Steven S. Brown, Branko Ruscic, Robert S. Paton, Max R. McGillen, and A. R. Ravishankara
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 13537–13551, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-13537-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-13537-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Aromatic aldehydes are a family of compounds emitted into the atmosphere from both anthropogenic and biogenic sources that are formed from the degradation of aromatic hydrocarbons. Their atmospheric degradation may impact air quality. We report on their atmospheric degradation through reaction with NO3, which is useful to estimate their atmospheric lifetimes. We have also attempted to elucidate the mechanism of these reactions via studies of isotopic substitution and quantum chemistry.
Junling Li, Hong Li, Kun Li, Yan Chen, Hao Zhang, Xin Zhang, Zhenhai Wu, Yongchun Liu, Xuezhong Wang, Weigang Wang, and Maofa Ge
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 7773–7789, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-7773-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-7773-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
SOA formation from the mixed anthropogenic volatile organic compounds was enhanced compared to the predicted SOA mass concentration based on the SOA yield of single species; interaction occurred between intermediate products from the two precursors. Interactions between the intermediate products from the mixtures and the effect on SOA formation give us a further understanding of the SOA formed in the atmosphere.
Cited articles
Altshuller, A. P. and Cardelino, C.: Atmospheric chemistry of VOCs and NOx: Implications for ozone formation, Environ. Sci. Technol., 27, 1104–1117, https://doi.org/10.1021/es00043a001, 1993.
Atkinson, R. and Arey, J.: Atmospheric degradation of volatile organic compounds, Chem. Rev., 103, 4605–4638, https://doi.org/10.1021/cr0206420, 2003.
Bao, J., Li, H., Wu, Z., Zhang, X., Zhang, H., Li, Y., Qian, J., Chen, J., and Deng, L.: Atmospheric carbonyls in a heavy ozone pollution episode at a metropolis in Southwest China: Characteristics, health risk assessment, sources analysis, J. Environ. Sci., 113, 40–54, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jes.2021.05.029, 2022.
Cardelino, C. and Chameides, W.: An observation-based model for analyzing ozone precursor relationships in the urban atmosphere, J. Air Waste Manage., 45, 161–180, 1995.
Coggon, M. M., Veres, P. R., Yuan, B., Koss, A. R., Warneke, C., Gilman, J. B., Lerner, B. M., Peischl, J., Aikin, K. C., Stockwell, C. E., Hatch, L. E., Ryerson, T. B., and de Gouw, J. A.: Emissions of organic carbonyl compounds from biomass burning: A global source of reactive carbon to the atmosphere, Environ. Sci. Technol., 53, 11401–11412, 2019.
da Silva, D. B. N., Martins, E. M., and Corrêa, S. M.: Role of carbonyls and aromatics in the formation of tropospheric ozone in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, Environ. Monit. Assess., 188, 289, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-016-5278-3, 2016.
Duan, J., Tan, J., Yang, L., Wu, S., and Hao, J.: Concentration, sources and ozone formation potential of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) during ozone episode in Beijing, Atmos. Res., 88, 25–35, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2007.09.004, 2008.
Duan, J., Guo, S., Tan, J., Wang, S., and Chai, F.: Characteristics of atmospheric carbonyls during haze days in Beijing, China, Atmos. Res., 114–115, 17–27, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2012.05.010, 2012.
Fu, T.-M., Jacob, D. J., Wittrock, F., Burrows, J. P., Vrekoussis, M., and Henze, D. K.: Global budgets of atmospheric glyoxal and methylglyoxal, and implications for formation of secondary organic aerosols, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 113, D15303, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007JD009505, 2008.
Fuchs, H., Tan, Z., Lu, K., Bohn, B., Broch, S., Brown, S. S., Dong, H., Gomm, S., Häseler, R., He, L., Hofzumahaus, A., Holland, F., Li, X., Liu, Y., Lu, S., Min, K.-E., Rohrer, F., Shao, M., Wang, B., Wang, M., Wu, Y., Zeng, L., Zhang, Y., Wahner, A., and Zhang, Y.: OH reactivity at a rural site (Wangdu) in the North China Plain: contributions from OH reactants and experimental OH budget, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 645–661, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-645-2017, 2017.
Grosjean, D. and Seinfeld, J. H.: Parameterization of the formation potential of secondary organic aerosols, Atmos. Environ., 23, 1733–1747, https://doi.org/10.1016/0004-6981(89)90058-9, 1989.
Guo, H., Wang, T., Simpson, I. J., Blake, D. R., Yu, X. M., Kwok, Y. H., and Li, Y. S.: Source contributions to ambient VOCs and CO at a rural site in eastern China, Atmos. Environ., 38, 4551–4560, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2004.05.004, 2004.
Hallquist, M., Wenger, J. C., Baltensperger, U., Rudich, Y., Simpson, D., Claeys, M., Dommen, J., Donahue, N. M., George, C., Goldstein, A. H., Hamilton, J. F., Herrmann, H., Hoffmann, T., Iinuma, Y., Jang, M., Jenkin, M. E., Jimenez, J. L., Kiendler-Scharr, A., Maenhaut, W., McFiggans, G., Mentel, Th. F., Monod, A., Prévôt, A. S. H., Seinfeld, J. H., Surratt, J. D., Szmigielski, R., and Wildt, J.: The formation, properties and impact of secondary organic aerosol: current and emerging issues, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 5155–5236, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-5155-2009, 2009.
Ho, K. F., Ho, S. S. H., Huang, R.-J., Dai, W. T., Cao, J. J., Tian, L., and Deng, W. J.: Spatiotemporal distribution of carbonyl compounds in China, Environ. Pollut., 197, 316–324, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2014.11.014, 2015.
Hong, Q., Zhu, L., Xing, C., Hu, Q., Lin, H., Zhang, C., Zhao, C., Liu, T., Su, W., and Liu, C.: Inferring vertical variability and diurnal evolution of O3 formation sensitivity based on the vertical distribution of summertime HCHO and NO2 in Guangzhou, China, Sci. Total Environ., 827, 154045, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154045, 2022.
Hu, J., Wang, P., Ying, Q., Zhang, H., Chen, J., Ge, X., Li, X., Jiang, J., Wang, S., Zhang, J., Zhao, Y., and Zhang, Y.: Modeling biogenic and anthropogenic secondary organic aerosol in China, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 77–92, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-77-2017, 2017.
Jiang, Z., Grosselin, B., Daële, V., Mellouki, A., and Mu, Y.: Seasonal, diurnal and nocturnal variations of carbonyl compounds in the semi-urban environment of Orléans, France, J. Environ. Sci., 40, 84–91, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jes.2015.11.016, 2016.
Kanjanasiranont, N., Prueksasit, T., Morknoy, D., Tunsaringkarn, T., Sematong, S., Siriwong, W., Zapaung, K., and Rungsiyothin, A.: Determination of ambient air concentrations and personal exposure risk levels of outdoor workers to carbonyl compounds and BTEX in the inner city of Bangkok, Thailand, Atmos. Pollut. Res., 7, 268–277, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apr.2015.10.008, 2016a.
Kanjanasiranont, N., Prueksasit, T., Morknoy, D., Tunsaringkarn, T., Sematong, S., Siriwong, W., Zapaung, K., and Rungsiyothin, A.: Determination of ambient air concentrations and personal exposure risk levels of outdoor workers to carbonyl compounds and BTEX in the inner city of Bangkok, Thailand, Atmos. Pollut. Res., 7, 268–277, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apr.2015.10.008, 2016b.
Li, N., Fu, T.-M., Cao, J., Lee, S., Huang, X.-F., He, L.-Y., Ho, K.-F., Fu, J. S., and Lam, Y.-F.: Sources of secondary organic aerosols in the Pearl River Delta region in fall: Contributions from the aqueous reactive uptake of dicarbonyls, Atmos. Environ., 76, 200–207, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2012.12.005, 2013.
Li, Y., Shao, M., Lu, S., Chang, C.-C., and Dasgupta, P. K.: Variations and sources of ambient formaldehyde for the 2008 Beijing Olympic games, Atmos. Environ., 44, 2632–2639, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2010.03.045, 2010.
Ling, Z. H., Zhao, J., Fan, S. J., and Wang, X. M.: Sources of formaldehyde and their contributions to photochemical O3 formation at an urban site in the Pearl River Delta, southern China, Chemosphere, 168, 1293–1301, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.11.140, 2017.
Liu, J., Li, X., Tan, Z., Wang, W., Yang, Y., Zhu, Y., Yang, S., Song, M., Chen, S., Wang, H., Lu, K., Zeng, L., and Zhang, Y.: Assessing the Ratios of Formaldehyde and Glyoxal to NO2 as Indicators of O3–NOx–VOC Sensitivity, Environ. Sci. Technol., 55, 10935–10945, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.0c07506, 2021.
Lou, S., Holland, F., Rohrer, F., Lu, K., Bohn, B., Brauers, T., Chang, C. C., Fuchs, H., Häseler, R., Kita, K., Kondo, Y., Li, X., Shao, M., Zeng, L., Wahner, A., Zhang, Y., Wang, W., and Hofzumahaus, A.: Atmospheric OH reactivities in the Pearl River Delta – China in summer 2006: measurement and model results, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 11243–11260, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-11243-2010, 2010.
Luecken, D. J., Hutzell, W. T., Strum, M. L., and Pouliot, G. A.: Regional sources of atmospheric formaldehyde and acetaldehyde, and implications for atmospheric modeling, Atmos. Environ., 47, 477–490, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2011.10.005, 2012.
Lui, K. H., Ho, S. S. H., Louie, P. K. K., Chan, C. S., Lee, S. C., Hu, D., Chan, P. W., Lee, J. C. W., and Ho, K. F.: Seasonal behavior of carbonyls and source characterization of formaldehyde (HCHO) in ambient air, Atmos. Environ., 152, 51–60, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2016.12.004, 2017.
Meng, X. Y., Gong, Z. Y., Ye, C. X., Wang, S., Sun, H., and Zhang, X.: Characteristics of ozone concentration changes in 74 cities from 2013 to 2016, China Environmental Monitoring, 33, 101–108, https://doi.org/10.19316/j.issn.1002-6002.2017.05.15, 2017 (in Chinese).
Monks, P. S., Archibald, A. T., Colette, A., Cooper, O., Coyle, M., Derwent, R., Fowler, D., Granier, C., Law, K. S., Mills, G. E., Stevenson, D. S., Tarasova, O., Thouret, V., von Schneidemesser, E., Sommariva, R., Wild, O., and Williams, M. L.: Tropospheric ozone and its precursors from the urban to the global scale from air quality to short-lived climate forcer, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 8889–8973, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-8889-2015, 2015.
Murillo, J. H., Marín, J. F. R., and Román, S. R.: Determination of carbonyls and their sources in three sites of the metropolitan area of Costa Rica, Central America, Environ. Monit. Assess., 184, 53–61, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-011-1946-5, 2012.
Pang, X. and Mu, Y.: Seasonal and diurnal variations of carbonyl compounds in Beijing ambient air, Atmos. Environ., 40, 6313–6320, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2006.05.044, 2006.
Rao, Z., Chen, Z., Liang, H., Huang, L., and Huang, D.: Carbonyl compounds over urban Beijing: Concentrations on haze and non-haze days and effects on radical chemistry, Atmos. Environ., 124, 207–216, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2015.06.050, 2016.
Sahu, L. K. and Saxena, P.: High time-resolved volatile organic compounds measurements at an urban location in India: Sources, variability, and role in ozone formation, Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res., 22, 3975–3986, 2015.
Schroeder, J. R., Crawford, J. H., Fried, A., Walega, J., Weinheimer, A., Wisthaler, A., Müller, M., Mikoviny, T., Chen, G., Shook, M., Blake, D. R., and Tonnesen, G. S.: New insights into the column CH2 O/NO2 ratio as an indicator of near-surface ozone sensitivity, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 122, 8885–8907, https://doi.org/10.1002/2017JD026781, 2017.
Shao, M., Lu, S., Liu, Y., Xie, X., Chang, C., Huang, S., and Chen, Z.: Volatile organic compounds measured in summer in Beijing and their role in ground-level ozone formation, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 114, D00G06, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008JD010863, 2009.
Shen, X., Zhao, Y., Chen, Z., and Huang, D.: Heterogeneous reactions of volatile organic compounds in the atmosphere, Atmos. Environ., 68, 297–314, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2012.11.027, 2013.
Tan, Z., Lu, K., Jiang, M., Su, R., Dong, H., Zeng, L., Xie, S., Tan, Q., and Zhang, Y.: Exploring ozone pollution in Chengdu, southwestern China: A case study from radical chemistry to O3-VOC-NOx sensitivity, Sci. Total Environ., 636, 775–786, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.04.286, 2018.
Tonnesen, G. S. and Dennis, R. L.: Analysis of radical propagation efficiency to assess ozone sensitivity to hydrocarbons and NOx: 2. Long-lived species as indicators of ozone concentration sensitivity, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 105, 9227–9241, https://doi.org/10.1029/1999JD900372, 2000.
Vermeuel, M. P., Novak, G. A., Alwe, H. D., Hughes, D. D., Kaleel, R., Dickens, A. F., Kenski, D., Czarnetzki, A. C., Stone, E. A., Stanier, C. O., Pierce, R. B., Millet, D. B., and Bertram, T. H.: Sensitivity of Ozone Production to NOx and VOC Along the Lake Michigan Coastline, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 124, 10989–11006, https://doi.org/10.1029/2019JD030842, 2019.
Wang, C., Huang, X.-F., Han, Y., Zhu, B., and He, L.-Y.: Sources and Potential Photochemical Roles of Formaldehyde in an Urban Atmosphere in South China, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 122, 11934–11947, https://doi.org/10.1002/2017JD027266, 2017.
Wang, Y., Guo, H., Zou, S., Lyu, X., Ling, Z., Cheng, H., and Zeren, Y.: Surface O3 photochemistry over the South China Sea: Application of a near-explicit chemical mechanism box model, Environ. Pollut., 234, 155–166, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2017.11.001, 2018.
Wang, C., Zhang, X., Wu, M., Gao, J., Gao, R., Bi, F., Wu, Z., Zhao, D., Hui, Y., Chai, F., and Li, H.: Pollution characteristics and source analysis of carbonyl compounds in suburban ambient air of Shenyang, Res. Environ. Sci., 33, 2771–2784, https://doi.org/10.13198/j.issn.1001-6929.2020.03.39, 2020 (in Chinese).
Xu, C. X., Chen, J. H., Li, Y., He, M., Feng, X. Q., Han, L., Liu, Z., and Qian, J.: Anthropogenic air pollutant emission inventory and characteristics in Sichuan Province based on the second national pollution source census data, Environ. Sci., 41, 4482–4494, https://doi.org/10.13227/j.hjkx.202002162, 2020 (in Chinese).
Xue, L., Gu, R., Wang, T., Wang, X., Saunders, S., Blake, D., Louie, P. K. K., Luk, C. W. Y., Simpson, I., Xu, Z., Wang, Z., Gao, Y., Lee, S., Mellouki, A., and Wang, W.: Oxidative capacity and radical chemistry in the polluted atmosphere of Hong Kong and Pearl River Delta region: analysis of a severe photochemical smog episode, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 9891–9903, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-9891-2016, 2016.
Xue, L., Wang, T., Louie, P. K. K., Luk, C. W. Y., Blake, D. R., Gao, J., and Lee, S. H.: Increasing external effects negate local efforts to control ozone air pollution: A case study of Hong Kong and implications for other Chinese cities, Environ. Sci. Technol., 47, 10299–10305, 2013.
Xue, L. K., Wang, T., Guo, H., Blake, D. R., Tang, J., Zhang, X. C., Saunders, S. M., and Wang, W. X.: Sources and photochemistry of volatile organic compounds in the remote atmosphere of western China: results from the Mt. Waliguan Observatory, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 8551–8567, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-8551-2013, 2013.
Xue, L. K., Wang, T., Gao, J., Ding, A. J., Zhou, X. H., Blake, D. R., Wang, X. F., Saunders, S. M., Fan, S. J., Zuo, H. C., Zhang, Q. Z., and Wang, W. X.: Ground-level ozone in four Chinese cities: precursors, regional transport and heterogeneous processes, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 13175–13188, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-13175-2014, 2014.
Yang, X., Xue, L., Yao, L., Li, Q., Wen, L., Zhu, Y., Chen, T., Wang, X., Yang, L., Wang, T., Lee, S., Chen, J., and Wang, W.: Carbonyl compounds at Mount Tai in the North China Plain: Characteristics, sources, and effects on ozone formation, Atmos. Res., 196, 53–61, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2017.06.005, 2017.
Yang, X., Xue, L., Wang, T., Wang, X., Gao, J., Lee, S., Blake, D. R., Chai, F., and Wang, W.: Observations and Explicit Modeling of Summertime Carbonyl Formation in Beijing: Identification of Key Precursor Species and Their Impact on Atmospheric Oxidation Chemistry, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 123, 1426–1440, https://doi.org/10.1002/2017JD027403, 2018.
Ye, Z., Xie, S., Wu, Y., Zhang, Y., Chen, T., and Li, Y.: Characterization of carbonyl compounds and their contributions to ozone and secondary organic aerosol formation in a megacity, Environ. Sci. Technol., 55, 9465–9474, 2021.
Yuan, B., Chen, W., Shao, M., Wang, M., Lu, S., Wang, Bin, Liu, Y., Chang, C.-C., and Wang, Boguang: Measurements of ambient hydrocarbons and carbonyls in the Pearl River Delta (PRD), China, Atmos. Res., 116, 93–104, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2012.03.006, 2012.
Zhang, X., Chen, Z. M., and Zhao, Y.: Laboratory simulation for the aqueous OH-oxidation of methyl vinyl ketone and methacrolein: significance to the in-cloud SOA production, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 9551–9561, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-9551-2010, 2010.
Zhang, X., Li, H., Zhang, C. L., Zhang, Y. J., He, Z., Gao, R., and Wang, W. X.: Optimization and preliminary application of detection methods for aldehydes and ketones in ambient air, Res. Environ. Sci., 32, 821–829, https://doi.org/10.13198/j.issn.1001-6929.2019.03.12, 2019 (in Chinese).
Zhang, X., Wu, Z., He, Z., Zhong, X., Bi, F., Li, Y., Gao, R., Li, H., and Wang, W.: Spatiotemporal patterns and ozone sensitivity of gaseous carbonyls at eleven urban sites in southeastern China, Sci. Total Environ., 824, 153719, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153719, 2022.
Zhang, Y., Wang, X., Wen, S., Herrmann, H., Yang, W., Huang, X., Zhang, Z., Huang, Z., He, Q., and George, C.: On-road vehicle emissions of glyoxal and methylglyoxal from tunnel tests in urban Guangzhou, China, Atmos. Environ., 127, 55–60, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2015.12.017, 2016a.
Zhang, Z., Zhang, Y., Wang, X., Lü, S., Huang, Z., Huang, X., Yang, W., Wang, Y., and Zhang, Q.: Spatiotemporal patterns and source implications of aromatic hydrocarbons at six rural sites across China's developed coastal regions, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 121, 6669–6687, https://doi.org/10.1002/2016JD025115, 2016b.
Zhou, Z., Tan, Q., Deng, Y., Lu, C., Song, D., Zhou, X., Zhang, X., and Jiang, X.: Source profiles and reactivity of volatile organic compounds from anthropogenic sources of a megacity in southwest China, Sci. Total Environ., 790, 148149, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148149, 2021.
Short summary
We studied carbonyl compounds' role in ozone pollution in the Chengdu Plain Urban Agglomeration, China. During heavy pollution in August 2019, we measured carbonyls at nine sites and analyzed their impact. Areas with higher carbonyl levels, like Chengdu, had worse ozone pollution. While their abundance matters, chemical reactions with other pollutants are the main drivers. Our findings show regional cooperation is vital to reducing ozone pollution effectively.
We studied carbonyl compounds' role in ozone pollution in the Chengdu Plain Urban Agglomeration,...
Altmetrics
Final-revised paper
Preprint