Articles | Volume 24, issue 19
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-11103-2024
© Author(s) 2024. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-11103-2024
© Author(s) 2024. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Measurement report: In situ vertical profiles of below-cloud aerosol over the central Greenland Ice Sheet
National Centre for Atmospheric Science, Leeds, UK
School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
Andrew S. Martin
National Centre for Atmospheric Science, Leeds, UK
School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
Erik Olson
Space Science and Engineering Center, UW-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
Ian M. Brooks
School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
Ryan R. Neely III
National Centre for Atmospheric Science, Leeds, UK
School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
Related authors
Andrew Steven Martin, Heather Guy, Michael Ray Gallagher, and Ryan Reynolds Neely III
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-6079, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-6079, 2025
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for Atmospheric Measurement Techniques (AMT).
Short summary
Short summary
Matching geospatial data between datasets recorded on different coordinate systems requires choosing parameters that impact the subset of data in downstream analyses. We developed a framework to optimise the choice of parameters by maximising the mutual information between the data being compared. The optimised parameters vary spatially, and using the optimised parameters results in better comparisons between data than using fixed choices of parameters.
Theresa Mathes, Heather Guy, John Prytherch, Julia Kojoj, Ian Brooks, Sonja Murto, Paul Zieger, Birgit Wehner, Michael Tjernström, and Andreas Held
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 8455–8474, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-8455-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-8455-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
The Arctic is warming faster than the global average and an investigation of aerosol–cloud–sea ice interactions is crucial for studying its climate system. During the ARTofMELT Expedition 2023, particle and sensible heat fluxes were measured over different surfaces. Wide lead surfaces acted as particle sources, with the strongest sensible heat fluxes, while closed ice surfaces acted as particle sinks. In this study, methods to measure these interactions are improved, enhancing our understanding of Arctic climate processes.
Heather Guy, David D. Turner, Von P. Walden, Ian M. Brooks, and Ryan R. Neely
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 15, 5095–5115, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-5095-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-5095-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Fog formation is highly sensitive to near-surface temperatures and humidity profiles. Passive remote sensing instruments can provide continuous measurements of the vertical temperature and humidity profiles and liquid water content, which can improve fog forecasts. Here we compare the performance of collocated infrared and microwave remote sensing instruments and demonstrate that the infrared instrument is especially sensitive to the onset of thin radiation fog.
Heather Guy, Ian M. Brooks, Ken S. Carslaw, Benjamin J. Murray, Von P. Walden, Matthew D. Shupe, Claire Pettersen, David D. Turner, Christopher J. Cox, William D. Neff, Ralf Bennartz, and Ryan R. Neely III
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 15351–15374, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-15351-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-15351-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We present the first full year of surface aerosol number concentration measurements from the central Greenland Ice Sheet. Aerosol concentrations here have a distinct seasonal cycle from those at lower-altitude Arctic sites, which is driven by large-scale atmospheric circulation. Our results can be used to help understand the role aerosols might play in Greenland surface melt through the modification of cloud properties. This is crucial in a rapidly changing region where observations are sparse.
Andrew Steven Martin, Heather Guy, Michael Ray Gallagher, and Ryan Reynolds Neely III
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-6079, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-6079, 2025
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for Atmospheric Measurement Techniques (AMT).
Short summary
Short summary
Matching geospatial data between datasets recorded on different coordinate systems requires choosing parameters that impact the subset of data in downstream analyses. We developed a framework to optimise the choice of parameters by maximising the mutual information between the data being compared. The optimised parameters vary spatially, and using the optimised parameters results in better comparisons between data than using fixed choices of parameters.
Theresa Mathes, Heather Guy, John Prytherch, Julia Kojoj, Ian Brooks, Sonja Murto, Paul Zieger, Birgit Wehner, Michael Tjernström, and Andreas Held
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 8455–8474, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-8455-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-8455-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
The Arctic is warming faster than the global average and an investigation of aerosol–cloud–sea ice interactions is crucial for studying its climate system. During the ARTofMELT Expedition 2023, particle and sensible heat fluxes were measured over different surfaces. Wide lead surfaces acted as particle sources, with the strongest sensible heat fluxes, while closed ice surfaces acted as particle sinks. In this study, methods to measure these interactions are improved, enhancing our understanding of Arctic climate processes.
Gillian Young McCusker, Jutta Vüllers, Peggy Achtert, Paul Field, Jonathan J. Day, Richard Forbes, Ruth Price, Ewan O'Connor, Michael Tjernström, John Prytherch, Ryan Neely III, and Ian M. Brooks
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 4819–4847, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-4819-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-4819-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
In this study, we show that recent versions of two atmospheric models – the Unified Model and Integrated Forecasting System – overestimate Arctic cloud fraction within the lower troposphere by comparison with recent remote-sensing measurements made during the Arctic Ocean 2018 expedition. The overabundance of cloud is interlinked with the modelled thermodynamic structure, with strong negative temperature biases coincident with these overestimated cloud layers.
Ruth Price, Andrea Baccarini, Julia Schmale, Paul Zieger, Ian M. Brooks, Paul Field, and Ken S. Carslaw
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 2927–2961, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-2927-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-2927-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Arctic clouds can control how much energy is absorbed by the surface or reflected back to space. Using a computer model of the atmosphere we investigated the formation of atmospheric particles that allow cloud droplets to form. We found that particles formed aloft are transported to the lowest part of the Arctic atmosphere and that this is a key source of particles. Our results have implications for the way Arctic clouds will behave in the future as climate change continues to impact the region.
Heather Guy, David D. Turner, Von P. Walden, Ian M. Brooks, and Ryan R. Neely
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 15, 5095–5115, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-5095-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-5095-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Fog formation is highly sensitive to near-surface temperatures and humidity profiles. Passive remote sensing instruments can provide continuous measurements of the vertical temperature and humidity profiles and liquid water content, which can improve fog forecasts. Here we compare the performance of collocated infrared and microwave remote sensing instruments and demonstrate that the infrared instrument is especially sensitive to the onset of thin radiation fog.
Lucas J. Sterzinger, Joseph Sedlar, Heather Guy, Ryan R. Neely III, and Adele L. Igel
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 8973–8988, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-8973-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-8973-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Aerosol particles are required for cloud droplets to form, and the Arctic atmosphere often has much fewer aerosols than at lower latitudes. In this study, we investigate whether aerosol concentrations can drop so low as to no longer support a cloud. We use observations to initialize idealized model simulations to investigate a worst-case scenario where all aerosol is removed from the environment instantaneously. We find that this mechanism is possible in two cases and is unlikely in the third.
Helen Czerski, Ian M. Brooks, Steve Gunn, Robin Pascal, Adrian Matei, and Byron Blomquist
Ocean Sci., 18, 565–586, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-18-565-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-18-565-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The bubbles formed by breaking waves speed up the movement of gases like carbon dioxide and oxygen between the atmosphere and the ocean. Understanding where these gases go is an important part of understanding Earth's climate. In this paper we describe measurements of the bubbles close to the ocean surface during big storms in the North Atlantic. We observed small bubbles collecting in distinctive patterns which help us to understand the contribution they make to the ocean breathing.
Helen Czerski, Ian M. Brooks, Steve Gunn, Robin Pascal, Adrian Matei, and Byron Blomquist
Ocean Sci., 18, 587–608, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-18-587-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-18-587-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The bubbles formed by breaking waves at the ocean surface are important because they are thought to speed up the movement of gases like carbon dioxide and oxygen between the atmosphere and ocean. We collected data on the bubbles in the top few metres of the ocean which were created by storms in the North Atlantic. The focus in this paper is the bubble sizes and their position in the water. We saw that there are very predictable patterns and set out what happens to bubbles after a wave breaks.
Piyush Srivastava, Ian M. Brooks, John Prytherch, Dominic J. Salisbury, Andrew D. Elvidge, Ian A. Renfrew, and Margaret J. Yelland
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 4763–4778, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-4763-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-4763-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The parameterization of surface turbulent fluxes over sea ice remains a weak point in weather forecast and climate models. Recent theoretical developments have introduced more extensive physics but these descriptions are poorly constrained due to a lack of observation data. Here we utilize a large dataset of measurements of turbulent fluxes over sea ice to tune the state-of-the-art parameterization of wind stress, and compare it with a previous scheme.
Heather Guy, Ian M. Brooks, Ken S. Carslaw, Benjamin J. Murray, Von P. Walden, Matthew D. Shupe, Claire Pettersen, David D. Turner, Christopher J. Cox, William D. Neff, Ralf Bennartz, and Ryan R. Neely III
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 15351–15374, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-15351-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-15351-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We present the first full year of surface aerosol number concentration measurements from the central Greenland Ice Sheet. Aerosol concentrations here have a distinct seasonal cycle from those at lower-altitude Arctic sites, which is driven by large-scale atmospheric circulation. Our results can be used to help understand the role aerosols might play in Greenland surface melt through the modification of cloud properties. This is crucial in a rapidly changing region where observations are sparse.
Maryna Lukach, David Dufton, Jonathan Crosier, Joshua M. Hampton, Lindsay Bennett, and Ryan R. Neely III
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 14, 1075–1098, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-1075-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-1075-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
This paper presents a novel technique of data-driven hydrometeor classification (HC) from quasi-vertical profiles, where the hydrometeor types are identified from an optimal number of hierarchical clusters, obtained recursively. This data-driven HC approach is capable of providing an optimal number of classes from dual-polarimetric weather radar observations. The embedded flexibility in the extent of granularity is the main advantage of this technique.
Jutta Vüllers, Peggy Achtert, Ian M. Brooks, Michael Tjernström, John Prytherch, Annika Burzik, and Ryan Neely III
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 289–314, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-289-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-289-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
This paper provides interesting new results on the thermodynamic structure of the boundary layer, cloud conditions, and fog characteristics in the Arctic during the Arctic Ocean 2018 campaign. It provides information for interpreting further process studies on aerosol–cloud interactions and shows substantial differences in thermodynamic conditions and cloud characteristics based on comparison with previous campaigns. This certainly raises the question of whether it is just an exceptional year.
Cited articles
Allsopp Helikites Ltd.: https://www.helikites.com (last access: 11 December 2023), 2023. a
Brooks, I. M., Tjernström, M., Persson, P. O. G., Shupe, M. D., Atkinson, R. A., Canut, G., Birch, C. E., Mauritsen, T., Sedlar, J., and Brooks, B. J.: The turbulent structure of the Arctic summer boundary layer during the Arctic summer cloud-ocean study, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 122, 9685–9704, 2017. a, b
Creamean, J. M., de Boer, G., Telg, H., Mei, F., Dexheimer, D., Shupe, M. D., Solomon, A., and McComiskey, A.: Assessing the vertical structure of Arctic aerosols using balloon-borne measurements, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 1737–1757, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-1737-2021, 2021. a, b, c
Dibb, J. E., Jaffrezo, J., and Legrand, M.: Initial findings of recent investigations of air-snow relationships in the Summit region of the Greenland Ice Sheet, J. Atmos. Chem., 14, 167–180, 1992. a
Flyger, H., Hansen, K., Megaw, W., and Cox, L.: The background level of the summer tropospheric aerosol over Greenland and the North Atlantic Ocean, J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol., 12, 161–174, 1973. a
Flyger, H., Heidam, N., Hansen, K., Megaw, W., Walther, E., and Hogan, A.: The background level of the summer tropospheric aerosol, sulphur dioxide and ozone over Greenland and the North Atlantic Ocean, J. Aerosol Sci., 7, 103–140, 1976. a
Freud, E., Krejci, R., Tunved, P., Leaitch, R., Nguyen, Q. T., Massling, A., Skov, H., and Barrie, L.: Pan-Arctic aerosol number size distributions: seasonality and transport patterns, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 8101–8128, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-8101-2017, 2017. a
Gao, R. S., Telg, H., McLaughlin, R. J., Ciciora, S. J., Watts, L. A., Richardson, M. S., Schwarz, J. P., Perring, A. E., Thornberry, T. D., Rollins, A. W., and Markovic, M. Z.: A light-weight, high-sensitivity particle spectrometer for PM2.5 aerosol measurements, Aerosol Sci. Technol., 50, 88–99, 2016. a, b, c
Ghan, S. J. and Collins, D. R.: Use of in situ data to test a Raman lidar–based cloud condensation nuclei remote sensing method, J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol., 21, 387–394, 2004. a
Guy, H., Brooks, I. M., Carslaw, K. S., Murray, B. J., Walden, V. P., Shupe, M. D., Pettersen, C., Turner, D. D., Cox, C. J., Neff, W. D., Bennartz, R., and Neely III, R. R.: Controls on surface aerosol particle number concentrations and aerosol-limited cloud regimes over the central Greenland Ice Sheet, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 15351–15374, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-15351-2021, 2021. a, b, c, d, e
Guy, H., Brooks, I. M., Turner, D. D., Cox, C. J., Rowe, P. M., Shupe, M. D., Walden, V. P., and Neely III, R. R.: Observations of fog-aerosol interactions over central Greenland, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 128, e2023JD038718, https://doi.org/10.1029/2023JD038718, 2023. a
Guy, H., Brooks, I. M., and Neely III, R. R.: ICECAPS-ACE: surface aerosol particle size distributions from the University of Leeds POPS 0288 instrument at Summit Station, Greenland, July–August 2023, CEDA Archiv [data set], https://doi.org/10.5285/ceaded7386ab4fb781e5344cb94db57d, 2024a. a
Guy, H., Brooks, I. M., and Neely III, R. R.: ICECAPS-ACE: Vertical aerosol particle size distributions from the University of Leeds POPS 0307 instrument collected via Helikite balloon above Summit Station, Greenland, CEDA Archiv [data set], https://doi.org/10.5285/6b68b5e1ffd2467886386eaf0dfafd24, 2024b. a
Guy, H., Brooks, I. M., and Neely III, R. R.: ICECAPS-ACE: radiosonde measurements from the University of Leeds Windsond unit 5094 deployed by helikite above Summit Station, Greenland, July–August 2023, CEDA Archiv [data set], https://doi.org/10.5285/0c18a36ee02a4598963c1f7f97acd201, 2024c. a
Handix Scientific: POPS 0288 Final Certification, Zenodo, https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10391102, 2022a. a
Handix Scientific: POPS 0307 Final Certification, Zenodo, https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11242687, 2022b. a, b
Hirdman, D., Sodemann, H., Eckhardt, S., Burkhart, J. F., Jefferson, A., Mefford, T., Quinn, P. K., Sharma, S., Ström, J., and Stohl, A.: Source identification of short-lived air pollutants in the Arctic using statistical analysis of measurement data and particle dispersion model output, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 669–693, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-669-2010, 2010. a
Hoch, S., Calanca, P., Philipona, R., and Ohmura, A.: Year-round observation of longwave radiative flux divergence in Greenland, J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol., 46, 1469–1479, 2007. a
Hofer, S., Tedstone, A. J., Fettweis, X., and Bamber, J. L.: Decreasing cloud cover drives the recent mass loss on the Greenland Ice Sheet, Sci. Adv., 3, e1700584, https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1700584, 2017. a
Howat, I., Negrete, A., and Smith, B.: The Greenland Ice Mapping Project (GIMP) Land Ice and Ocean Classification Mask, Version 1, NASA National Snow and Ice Data Center Distributed Active Archive Center, https://doi.org/10.5067/B8X58MQBFUPA, 2017. a
Korolev, A.: Limitations of the Wegener–Bergeron–Findeisen mechanism in the evolution of mixed-phase clouds, J. Atmos. Sci., 64, 3372–3375, 2007. a
Lange, R., Dall’Osto, M., Skov, H., Nøjgaard, J., Nielsen, I., Beddows, D., Simó, R., Harrison, R. M., and Massling, A.: Characterization of distinct Arctic aerosol accumulation modes and their sources, Atmos. Environ., 183, 1–10, 2018. a
Lonardi, M., Pilz, C., Akansu, E. F., Dahlke, S., Egerer, U., Ehrlich, A., Griesche, H., Heymsfield, A. J., Kirbus, B., Schmitt, C. G., and Shupe, M. D.: Tethered balloon-borne profile measurements of atmospheric properties in the cloudy atmospheric boundary layer over the Arctic sea ice during MOSAiC: Overview and first results, Elem. Sci. Anth., 10, 000120, https://doi.org/10.1525/elementa.2021.000120, 2022. a, b
Lv, M., Wang, Z., Li, Z., Luo, T., Ferrare, R., Liu, D., Wu, D., Mao, J., Wan, B., Zhang, F., and Wang, Y.: Retrieval of cloud condensation nuclei number concentration profiles from lidar extinction and backscatter data, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 123, 6082–6098, 2018. a
Mauritsen, T., Sedlar, J., Tjernström, M., Leck, C., Martin, M., Shupe, M., Sjogren, S., Sierau, B., Persson, P. O. G., Brooks, I. M., and Swietlicki, E.: An Arctic CCN-limited cloud-aerosol regime, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 165–173, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-165-2011, 2011. a
May, R. M., Arms, S. C., Marsh, P., Bruning, E., Leeman, J. R., Goebbert, K., Thielen, J. E., Bruick, Z. S., and Camron, M. D.: MetPy: A Python Package for Meteorological Data, Boulder, CO, UCAR/Unidata Program Center [code], https://doi.org/10.5065/D6WW7G29, 2024. a
Mei, F., McMeeking, G., Pekour, M., Gao, R.-S., Kulkarni, G., China, S., Telg, H., Dexheimer, D., Tomlinson, J., and Schmid, B.: Performance Assessment of Portable Optical Particle Spectrometer (POPS), Sensors, 20, 6294, https://doi.org/10.3390/s20216294, 2020. a, b
Miller, N. B., Shupe, M. D., Cox, C. J., Walden, V. P., Turner, D. D., and Steffen, K.: Cloud radiative forcing at Summit, Greenland, J. Clim., 28, 6267–6280, 2015. a
Münkel, C., Eresmaa, N., Räsänen, J., and Karppinen, A.: Retrieval of mixing height and dust concentration with lidar ceilometer, Bound.-Lay. Meteorol., 124, 117–128, 2007. a
Nguyen, Q. T., Glasius, M., Sørensen, L. L., Jensen, B., Skov, H., Birmili, W., Wiedensohler, A., Kristensson, A., Nøjgaard, J. K., and Massling, A.: Seasonal variation of atmospheric particle number concentrations, new particle formation and atmospheric oxidation capacity at the high Arctic site Villum Research Station, Station Nord, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 11319–11336, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-11319-2016, 2016. a
NOAA-GML: Meteorology Measurements from the NOAA/ESRL/GMD Baseline Observatory Summit Station, NOAA-GML [data set], https://gml.noaa.gov/aftp/data/meteorology/in-situ/sum/2023 (last access: 15 December 2023), 2023. a
Pilz, C., Düsing, S., Wehner, B., Müller, T., Siebert, H., Voigtländer, J., and Lonardi, M.: CAMP: an instrumented platform for balloon-borne aerosol particle studies in the lower atmosphere, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 15, 6889–6905, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-6889-2022, 2022. a, b
Pohorsky, R., Baccarini, A., Tolu, J., Winkel, L. H. E., and Schmale, J.: Modular Multiplatform Compatible Air Measurement System (MoMuCAMS): a new modular platform for boundary layer aerosol and trace gas vertical measurements in extreme environments, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 17, 731–754, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-731-2024, 2024. a, b
Schmale, J., Sharma, S., Decesari, S., Pernov, J., Massling, A., Hansson, H.-C., von Salzen, K., Skov, H., Andrews, E., Quinn, P. K., Upchurch, L. M., Eleftheriadis, K., Traversi, R., Gilardoni, S., Mazzola, M., Laing, J., and Hopke, P.: Pan-Arctic seasonal cycles and long-term trends of aerosol properties from 10 observatories, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 3067–3096, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-3067-2022, 2022. a
Schmidt, J., Ansmann, A., Bühl, J., Baars, H., Wandinger, U., Mueller, D., and Malinka, A. V.: Dual-FOV Raman and Doppler lidar studies of aerosol-cloud interactions: Simultaneous profiling of aerosols, warm-cloud properties, and vertical wind, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 119, 5512–5527, 2014. a
Shupe, M. D.: Ceilometer cloud base height measurements taken at Summit Station, Greenland, Arctic Data Center [data set], https://doi.org/10.18739/A20C4SM02, 2010. a, b, c
Shupe, M. D. and Intrieri, J. M.: Cloud radiative forcing of the Arctic surface: The influence of cloud properties, surface albedo, and solar zenith angle, J. Clim., 17, 616–628, 2004. a
Shupe, M. D. and Walden, V. P.: Radiosonde temperature and humidity profiles taken at Summit Station, Greenland, Arctic Data Center [data set], https://doi.org/10.18739/A2445HD3Q, 2010. a, b, c
Shupe, M. D., Turner, D. D., Walden, V. P., Bennartz, R., Cadeddu, M. P., Castellani, B. B., Cox, C. J., Hudak, D. R., Kulie, M. S., Miller, N. B., and Neely III, R. R.: High and dry: New observations of tropospheric and cloud properties above the Greenland Ice Sheet, Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 94, 169–186, 2013. a, b, c
Sotiropoulou, G., Sedlar, J., Tjernström, M., Shupe, M. D., Brooks, I. M., and Persson, P. O. G.: The thermodynamic structure of summer Arctic stratocumulus and the dynamic coupling to the surface, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 12573–12592, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-12573-2014, 2014. a, b
Sterzinger, L. J., Sedlar, J., Guy, H., Neely III, R. R., and Igel, A. L.: Do Arctic mixed-phase clouds sometimes dissipate due to insufficient aerosol? Evidence from comparisons between observations and idealized simulations, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 8973–8988, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-8973-2022, 2022. a
Storelvmo, T., Hoose, C., and Eriksson, P.: Global modeling of mixed-phase clouds: The albedo and lifetime effects of aerosols, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 116, D05207, https://doi.org/10.1029/2010JD014724, 2011. a
Tan, W., Zhao, G., Yu, Y., Li, C., Li, J., Kang, L., Zhu, T., and Zhao, C.: Method to retrieve cloud condensation nuclei number concentrations using lidar measurements, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 12, 3825–3839, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-12-3825-2019, 2019. a
Thorsen, T. J. and Fu, Q.: Automated retrieval of cloud and aerosol properties from the ARM Raman lidar, Part II: Extinction, J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol., 32, 1999–2023, 2015. a
Twomey, S.: The influence of pollution on the shortwave albedo of clouds, J. Atmos. Sci., 34, 1149–1152, 1977. a
Van Tricht, K., Lhermitte, S., Lenaerts, J. T., Gorodetskaya, I. V., L’Ecuyer, T. S., Noël, B., van den Broeke, M. R., Turner, D. D., and van Lipzig, N. M.: Clouds enhance Greenland ice sheet meltwater runoff, Nat. Commun., 7, 10266, https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms10266, 2016. a
Vüllers, J., Achtert, P., Brooks, I. M., Tjernström, M., Prytherch, J., Burzik, A., and Neely III, R.: Meteorological and cloud conditions during the Arctic Ocean 2018 expedition, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 289–314, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-289-2021, 2021. a, b
Zhang, D., Comstock, J., Xie, H., and Wang, Z.: Polar Aerosol Vertical Structures and Characteristics Observed with a High Spectral Resolution Lidar at the ARM NSA Observatory, Remote Sens., 14, 4638, https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14184638, 2022. a, b
Short summary
Aerosol particles impact cloud properties which influence Greenland Ice Sheet melt. Understanding the aerosol population that interacts with clouds is important for constraining future melt. Measurements of aerosols at cloud height over Greenland are rare, and surface measurements are often used to investigate cloud–aerosol interactions. We use a tethered balloon to measure aerosols up to cloud base and show that surface measurements are often not equivalent to those just below the cloud.
Aerosol particles impact cloud properties which influence Greenland Ice Sheet melt....
Altmetrics
Final-revised paper
Preprint