Articles | Volume 23, issue 13
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-7495-2023
© Author(s) 2023. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-7495-2023
© Author(s) 2023. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Technical note
| 
11 Jul 2023
Technical note |
| 11 Jul 2023
| 11 Jul 2023
Technical note: Intercomparison study of the elemental carbon radiocarbon analysis methods using synthetic known samples
Xiangyun Zhang
State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
CAS Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou 510640,
China
Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macau Joint Laboratory for Environmental
Pollution and Control, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy
of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
CAS Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou 510640,
China
Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macau Joint Laboratory for Environmental
Pollution and Control, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy
of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
Sanyuan Zhu
State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
CAS Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou 510640,
China
Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macau Joint Laboratory for Environmental
Pollution and Control, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy
of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
Junwen Liu
Institute for Environmental and Climate Research, Jinan University,
Guangzhou 511443, China
Ping Ding
State Key Laboratory of Isotope Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
Shutao Gao
State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
CAS Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou 510640,
China
Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macau Joint Laboratory for Environmental
Pollution and Control, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy
of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
Chongguo Tian
Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological
Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of
Sciences, Yantai 264003, China
Yingjun Chen
Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan
University, Shanghai 200438, China
Ping'an Peng
State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
CAS Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou 510640,
China
Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macau Joint Laboratory for Environmental
Pollution and Control, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy
of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
Gan Zhang
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
CAS Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou 510640,
China
Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macau Joint Laboratory for Environmental
Pollution and Control, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy
of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
Related authors
Hongxing Jiang, Jun Li, Jiao Tang, Min Cui, Shizhen Zhao, Yangzhi Mo, Chongguo Tian, Xiangyun Zhang, Bin Jiang, Yuhong Liao, Yingjun Chen, and Gan Zhang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 6919–6935, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-6919-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-6919-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We conducted field observation employing Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry to characterize the molecular composition and major formation pathways or sources of organosulfur compounds in Guangzhou, where is heavily influenced by biogenic–anthropogenic interactions and has high relative humidity and temperature. We suggested that heterogeneous reactions such as SO2 uptake and heterogeneous oxidations are important to the molecular variations of organosulfur compounds.
Jianfeng Wang, Chao Yang, Yuke Liu, Wenmin Jiang, Yun Li, Ting Zhang, Yijun Zheng, Yuhong Liao, Qiuli Huo, Li Fu, Yusheng Wang, Ping'an Peng, and Yongqiang Xiong
Solid Earth, 16, 819–839, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-16-819-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-16-819-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
The Wufeng–Longmaxi (WF-LMX) Formation is the most important shale gas play in China. Here, we present a feasible approach using nanoindentation to characterize the mechanical properties of the WF-LMX Formation. Mechanical properties varied synchronously with mineral and organic content across the vertical drilling profile, reflecting changes in lithology and sedimentary facies. The effect of shale constituents on micromechanics is essentially controlled by the sedimentary environment.
Yanjie Lu, Xinxin Feng, Yanli Feng, Minjun Jiang, Yu Peng, Tian Chen, and Yingjun Chen
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 8043–8059, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-8043-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-8043-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Through lab tests and field measurements from typical sources, we found that carbonyl compounds from biomass burning are an order of magnitude higher than those from vehicles. The formation of carbonyl compounds in solid and liquid fuel is governed by combustion temperature and emission standards, respectively. Fuel type determines the chemical composition. Biomass burning and farm machinery are key drivers of atmospheric oxidation capacity. This study provides actionable solutions to safeguard public health.
Binyu Xiao, Fan Zhang, Zeyu Liu, Yan Zhang, Rui Li, Can Wu, Xinyi Wan, Yi Wang, Yubao Chen, Yong Han, Min Cui, Libo Zhang, Yingjun Chen, and Gehui Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 7053–7069, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-7053-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-7053-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Intermediate-volatility/semi-volatile organic compounds in gas and particle phases from ship exhausts are enhanced due to the switch of fuels from low sulfur to ultra-low sulfur. The findings indicate that optimization is necessary for the forthcoming global implementation of an ultra-low-sulfur oil policy. Besides, we find that organic diagnostic markers of hopanes in conjunction with the ratio of octadecanoic to tetradecanoic could be considered potential tracers for heavy fuel oil exhausts.
Pingyang Li, Boji Lin, Zhineng Cheng, Jing Li, Jun Li, Duohong Chen, Tao Zhang, Run Lin, Sanyuan Zhu, Jun Liu, Yujun Lin, Shizhen Zhao, Guangcai Zhong, Zhenchuan Niu, Ping Ding, and Gan Zhang
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-1931, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-1931, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Our study indicates fossil fuel CO2 (CO2ff) reductions in Chinese megacities via atmospheric Δ(14CO2) and δ(13CO2) measurements, driven by coal-to-gas transitions and combustion efficiency improvement. Three-decade data show steeper declined urban RCO/CO2ff ratios than inventory estimates, implying underestimation of efficiency improvements and CO reductions. Integrating top-down observations with inventories is critical to track policy-driven emission shifts and optimize co-benefit strategies.
Hongxing Jiang, Yuanghang Deng, Yunxi Huo, Fengwen Wang, Yingjun Chen, and Hai Guo
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-2264, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-2264, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
We combined the use of a series of online and offline high-resolution mass spectrometer to characterize the chemical composition and sources of organic aerosols in a background site of south China from bulk to molecular levels. We suggested that anthropogenic source dominated the OA origins, and the gas-phase and particle-phase oxidation processes are conducive to the formation of sulfur-containing and nitrogen-containing compounds, respectively.
Yuying Wu, Yuhan Wang, Wenzheng Yang, Jie Zhang, Yanhong Wu, Jun Li, Gan Zhang, and Haijian Bing
Earth Syst. Sci. Data Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2025-302, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2025-302, 2025
Revised manuscript accepted for ESSD
Short summary
Short summary
We developed a large, open-access dataset of mountain soil chemistry in China, based on over 1,300 samples from 166 sites across diverse climates and vegetation types. The dataset includes concentrations of 24 elements and key environmental variables like temperature, rainfall, and soil properties. This dataset offers a valuable resource for studying mountain ecosystems, supporting Earth system modeling, and predicting how soils respond to environmental change.
Ye Kuang, Biao Luo, Shan Huang, Junwen Liu, Weiwei Hu, Yuwen Peng, Duohong Chen, Dingli Yue, Wanyun Xu, Bin Yuan, and Min Shao
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 3737–3752, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-3737-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-3737-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
This research reveals the potential importance of nighttime NO3 radical chemistry and aerosol water in the rapid formation of secondary brown carbon from diluted biomass burning emissions. The findings enhance our understanding of nighttime biomass burning evolution and its implications for climate and regional air quality, especially regarding interactions with background aerosol water and water-rich fogs and clouds.
Haibiao Chen, Caiqing Yan, Liubin Huang, Lin Du, Yang Yue, Xinfeng Wang, Qingcai Chen, Mingjie Xie, Junwen Liu, Fengwen Wang, Shuhong Fang, Qiaoyun Yang, Hongya Niu, Mei Zheng, Yan Wu, and Likun Xue
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 3647–3667, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-3647-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-3647-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
A comprehensive understanding of the optical properties of brown carbon (BrC) is essential to accurately assess its climatic effects. Based on multi-site spectroscopic measurements, this study demonstrated the significant spatial heterogeneity in the optical and structural properties of water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC) in different regions of China and revealed factors affecting WSOC light absorption and the relationship between fluorophores and light absorption of WSOC.
Xueqin Zheng, Junwen Liu, Nima Chuduo, Bian Ba, Pengfei Yu, Phu Drolgar, Fang Cao, and Yanlin Zhang
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-164, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-164, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
In this study, we present the first report on the annual variation of stable oxygen isotope anomalies (∆17O = δ17O - 0.52 × δ18O) in NO3- collected from the urban area of Lhasa , on the Tibetan Plateau, China. Using a Bayesian isotope mixture model, we found that the relative contribution of the NO3+VOC pathway to NO3- formation in spring in Lhasa was several times higher than in urban cities, highlighting the significant influence of VOC transported from outside the Tibetan Plateau.
Tao Cao, Cuncun Xu, Hao Chen, Jianzhong Song, Jun Li, Haiyan Song, Bin Jiang, Yin Zhong, and Ping’an Peng
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-561, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-561, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
This study investigated the evolution of biomass and coal combustion-derived WSOM during aqueous photochemical process. The results indicate that photochemical aging induces distinct changes in the optical and molecular properties of WSOM and more pronounced alterations were observed during ·OH photooxidation than direct photolysis. Notably, our results also demostrated that atmospheric photooxidation may represent a significant source of BC-like substances.
Zihan Song, Leiming Zhang, Chongguo Tian, Qiang Fu, Zhenxing Shen, Renjian Zhang, Dong Liu, and Song Cui
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 13101–13113, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-13101-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-13101-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
A novel concept integrating crop cycle information into fire spot extraction was proposed. Spatiotemporal variations of open straw burning in Northeast China are revealed. Open straw burning in Northeast China emitted a total of 218 Tg of CO2-eq during 2001–2020. The policy of banning straw burning effectively reduced greenhouse gas emissions.
Jun Zhou, Chunsheng Zhang, Aiming Liu, Bin Yuan, Yan Wang, Wenjie Wang, Jie-Ping Zhou, Yixin Hao, Xiao-Bing Li, Xianjun He, Xin Song, Yubin Chen, Suxia Yang, Shuchun Yang, Yanfeng Wu, Bin Jiang, Shan Huang, Junwen Liu, Yuwen Peng, Jipeng Qi, Minhui Deng, Bowen Zhong, Yibo Huangfu, and Min Shao
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 9805–9826, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-9805-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-9805-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
In-depth understanding of the near-ground vertical variability in photochemical ozone (O3) formation is crucial for mitigating O3 pollution. Utilizing a self-built vertical observation system, a direct net photochemical O3 production rate detection system, and an observation-based model, we diagnosed the vertical distributions and formation mechanism of net photochemical O3 production rates and sensitivity in the Pearl River Delta region, one of the most O3-polluted areas in China.
Fan Zhang, Binyu Xiao, Zeyu Liu, Yan Zhang, Chongguo Tian, Rui Li, Can Wu, Yali Lei, Si Zhang, Xinyi Wan, Yubao Chen, Yong Han, Min Cui, Cheng Huang, Hongli Wang, Yingjun Chen, and Gehui Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 8999–9017, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-8999-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-8999-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Mandatory use of low-sulfur fuel due to global sulfur limit regulations means large uncertainties in volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions. On-board tests of VOCs from nine cargo ships in China were carried out. Results showed that switching from heavy-fuel oil to diesel increased emission factor VOCs by 48 % on average, enhancing O3 and the secondary organic aerosol formation potential. Thus, implementing a global ultra-low-sulfur oil policy needs to be optimized in the near future.
Yangzhi Mo, Jun Li, Guangcai Zhong, Sanyuan Zhu, Shizhen Zhao, Jiao Tang, Hongxing Jiang, Zhineng Cheng, Chongguo Tian, Yingjun Chen, and Gan Zhang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 7755–7772, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-7755-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-7755-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
In this study, we found that biomass burning (31.0 %) and coal combustion (31.1 %) were the dominant sources of water-insoluble organic carbon in China, with coal combustion sources exhibiting the strongest light-absorbing capacity. Additionally, we propose a light-absorbing carbonaceous continuum, revealing that components enriched with fossil sources tend to have stronger light-absorbing capacity, higher aromaticity, higher molecular weights, and greater recalcitrance in the atmosphere.
Wei Sun, Xiaodong Hu, Yuzhen Fu, Guohua Zhang, Yujiao Zhu, Xinfeng Wang, Caiqing Yan, Likun Xue, He Meng, Bin Jiang, Yuhong Liao, Xinming Wang, Ping'an Peng, and Xinhui Bi
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 6987–6999, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-6987-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-6987-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The formation pathways of nitrogen-containing compounds (NOCs) in the atmosphere remain unclear. We investigated the composition of aerosols and fog water by state-of-the-art mass spectrometry and compared the formation pathways of NOCs. We found that NOCs in aerosols were mainly formed through nitration reaction, while ammonia addition played a more important role in fog water. The results deepen our understanding of the processes of organic particulate pollution.
Xingjun Fan, Ao Cheng, Xufang Yu, Tao Cao, Dan Chen, Wenchao Ji, Yongbing Cai, Fande Meng, Jianzhong Song, and Ping'an Peng
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 3769–3783, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-3769-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-3769-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Molecular-level characteristics of high molecular weight (HMW) and low MW (LMW) humic-like substances (HULIS) were comprehensively investigated, where HMW HULIS had larger chromophores and larger molecular size than LMW HULIS and exhibited higher aromaticity and humification. Electrospray ionization high-resolution mass spectrometry revealed more aromatic molecules in HMW HULIS. HMW HULIS had more CHON compounds, while LMW HULIS had more CHO compounds.
Wenwen Ma, Rong Sun, Xiaoping Wang, Zheng Zong, Shizhen Zhao, Zeyu Sun, Chongguo Tian, Jianhui Tang, Song Cui, Jun Li, and Gan Zhang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 1509–1523, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-1509-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-1509-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This is the first report of long-term atmospheric PAH monitoring around the Bohai Sea. The results showed that the concentrations of PAHs in the atmosphere around the Bohai Sea decreased from June 2014 to May 2019, especially the concentrations of highly toxic PAHs. This indicates that the contributions from PAH sources changed to a certain extent in different areas, and it also led to reductions in the related health risk and medical costs following pollution prevention and control.
Zeyu Sun, Zheng Zong, Yang Tan, Chongguo Tian, Zeyu Liu, Fan Zhang, Rong Sun, Yingjun Chen, Jun Li, and Gan Zhang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 12851–12865, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-12851-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-12851-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This is the first report of ship-emitted nitrogen stable isotope composition (δ15N) of nitrogen oxides (NOx). The results showed that δ15N–NOx from ships was −18.5 ± 10.9 ‰ and increased monotonically with tightening emission regulations. The selective catalytic reduction system was the most vital factor. The temporal variation in δ15N–NOx was evaluated and can be used to select suitable δ15N–NOx for a more accurate assessment of the contribution of ship-emitted exhaust to atmospheric NOx.
Tingting Li, Jun Li, Zeyu Sun, Hongxing Jiang, Chongguo Tian, and Gan Zhang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 6395–6407, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-6395-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-6395-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
N-NH4+ and N-NO3- were vital components in nitrogenous aerosols and contributed 69 % to total nitrogen in PM2.5. Coal combustion was still the most important source of urban atmospheric NO3-. However, the non-agriculture sources play an increasingly important role in NH4+ emissions.
Jiao Tang, Jun Li, Shizhen Zhao, Guangcai Zhong, Yangzhi Mo, Hongxing Jiang, Bin Jiang, Yingjun Chen, Jianhui Tang, Chongguo Tian, Zheng Zong, Jabir Hussain Syed, Jianzhong Song, and Gan Zhang
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-403, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-403, 2023
Preprint archived
Short summary
Short summary
This study provides a comprehensive molecular identification of atmospheric common fluorescent components and deciphers their related formation pathways. The fluorescent components varied in molecular composition, and a dominant oxidation pathway for the formation of humic-like fluorescent components was suggested, notwithstanding their different precursor types. Our findings are expected to be helpful to further studies using the EEM-PARAFAC as a tool to study atmospheric BrC.
Tao Cao, Meiju Li, Cuncun Xu, Jianzhong Song, Xingjun Fan, Jun Li, Wanglu Jia, and Ping'an Peng
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 2613–2625, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-2613-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-2613-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This work comprehensively investigated the fluorescence data of light-absorbing organic compounds, water-soluble organic matter in different types of aerosol samples, soil dust, and fulvic and humic acids using an excitation–emission matrix (EEM) method and parallel factor modeling. The results revealed which light-absorbing species can be detected by EEM and also provided important information for identifying the chemical composition and possible sources of these species in atmospheric samples.
Buqing Xu, Jiao Tang, Tiangang Tang, Shizhen Zhao, Guangcai Zhong, Sanyuan Zhu, Jun Li, and Gan Zhang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 1565–1578, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-1565-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-1565-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We analyzed compound-specific dual-carbon isotope signatures (Δ14C and δ13C) of dominant secondary organic aerosol (SOA) tracer molecules (i.e., oxalic acid) to investigate the fates of SOAs in the atmosphere at five emission hotspots in China. The results indicated that SOA carbon sources and chemical processes producing SOAs vary spatially and seasonally, and these variations need to be included in Chinese climate projection models and air quality management practices.
Chunlin Zou, Tao Cao, Meiju Li, Jianzhong Song, Bin Jiang, Wanglu Jia, Jun Li, Xiang Ding, Zhiqiang Yu, Gan Zhang, and Ping'an Peng
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 963–979, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-963-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-963-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
In this study, PM2.5 samples were obtained during a winter haze event in Guangzhou, China, and light absorption and molecular composition of humic-like substances (HULIS) were investigated by UV–Vis spectrophotometry and ultrahigh-resolution mass spectrometry. The findings obtained present some differences from the results reported in other regions of China and significantly enhanced our understanding of HULIS evolution during haze bloom-decay processes in the subtropic region of southern China.
Hongxing Jiang, Jun Li, Jiao Tang, Min Cui, Shizhen Zhao, Yangzhi Mo, Chongguo Tian, Xiangyun Zhang, Bin Jiang, Yuhong Liao, Yingjun Chen, and Gan Zhang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 6919–6935, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-6919-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-6919-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We conducted field observation employing Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry to characterize the molecular composition and major formation pathways or sources of organosulfur compounds in Guangzhou, where is heavily influenced by biogenic–anthropogenic interactions and has high relative humidity and temperature. We suggested that heterogeneous reactions such as SO2 uptake and heterogeneous oxidations are important to the molecular variations of organosulfur compounds.
Ziyong Guo, Yuxiang Yang, Xiaodong Hu, Xiaocong Peng, Yuzhen Fu, Wei Sun, Guohua Zhang, Duohong Chen, Xinhui Bi, Xinming Wang, and Ping'an Peng
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 4827–4839, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-4827-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-4827-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We show that in-cloud aqueous processing facilitates the formation of brown carbon (BrC), based on the simultaneous measurements of the light-absorption properties of the cloud residuals, cloud interstitial, and cloud-free particles. While extensive laboratory evidence indicated the formation of BrC in aqueous phase, our study represents the first attempt to show the possibility in real clouds, which would have potential implications in the atmospheric evolution and radiation forcing of BrC.
Wei Sun, Yuzhen Fu, Guohua Zhang, Yuxiang Yang, Feng Jiang, Xiufeng Lian, Bin Jiang, Yuhong Liao, Xinhui Bi, Duohong Chen, Jianmin Chen, Xinming Wang, Jie Ou, Ping'an Peng, and Guoying Sheng
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 16631–16644, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-16631-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-16631-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We sampled cloud water at a remote mountain site and investigated the molecular characteristics. CHON and CHO are dominant in cloud water. No statistical difference in the oxidation state is observed between cloud water and interstitial PM2.5. Most of the formulas are aliphatic and olefinic species. CHON, with aromatic structures and organosulfates, are abundant, especially in nighttime samples. The in-cloud and multi-phase dark reactions likely contribute significantly.
Tao Cao, Meiju Li, Chunlin Zou, Xingjun Fan, Jianzhong Song, Wanglu Jia, Chiling Yu, Zhiqiang Yu, and Ping'an Peng
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 13187–13205, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-13187-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-13187-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Brown carbon (BrC) fractions derived from biomass burning and coal combustion including water- and methanol-soluble organic carbon were comprehensively characterized for their optical and chemical properties, as well as oxidative potential. Moreover, the key components or functional groups that were responsible for the reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation capacity of BrC were also discussed. These findings are useful for estimation of their environmental, climate, and health impacts.
Jiao Tang, Jiaqi Wang, Guangcai Zhong, Hongxing Jiang, Yangzhi Mo, Bolong Zhang, Xiaofei Geng, Yingjun Chen, Jianhui Tang, Congguo Tian, Surat Bualert, Jun Li, and Gan Zhang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 11337–11352, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-11337-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-11337-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
This article provides a combined EEM–PARAFAC and statistical analysis method to explore how excitation–emission matrix (EEM) chromophores influence BrC light absorption in soluble organic matter. The application enables us to deduce that BrC absorption is mainly dependent on longer-emission-wavelength chromophores largely associated with biomass burning emissions. This method promotes the application of EEM spectroscopy and helps us understand the light absorption of BrC in the atmosphere.
Xuewu Fu, Chen Liu, Hui Zhang, Yue Xu, Hui Zhang, Jun Li, Xiaopu Lyu, Gan Zhang, Hai Guo, Xun Wang, Leiming Zhang, and Xinbin Feng
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 6721–6734, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-6721-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-6721-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
TGM concentrations and isotopic compositions in 10 Chinese cities showed strong seasonality with higher TGM concentrations and Δ199Hg and lower δ202Hg in summer. We found the seasonal variations in TGM concentrations and isotopic compositions were highly related to regional surface Hg(0) emissions, suggesting land surface Hg(0) emissions are an important source of atmospheric TGM that contribute dominantly to the seasonal variations in TGM concentrations and isotopic compositions.
Long Peng, Lei Li, Guohua Zhang, Xubing Du, Xinming Wang, Ping'an Peng, Guoying Sheng, and Xinhui Bi
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 5605–5613, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-5605-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-5605-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We build a novel system that utilizes an aerodynamic aerosol classifier (AAC) combined with a single-particle aerosol mass spectrometry (SPAMS) to simultaneously characterize the volume equivalent diameter (Dve), chemical compositions, and effective density (ρe) of individual particles in real time. A test of the AAC-SPAMS with both spherical and aspherical particles shows that the deviations between the measured and theoretical values are less than 6 %.
Jianzhong Sun, Yuzhe Zhang, Guorui Zhi, Regina Hitzenberger, Wenjing Jin, Yingjun Chen, Lei Wang, Chongguo Tian, Zhengying Li, Rong Chen, Wen Xiao, Yuan Cheng, Wei Yang, Liying Yao, Yang Cao, Duo Huang, Yueyuan Qiu, Jiali Xu, Xiaofei Xia, Xin Yang, Xi Zhang, Zheng Zong, Yuchun Song, and Changdong Wu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 2329–2341, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-2329-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-2329-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Brown carbon (BrC) emission factors from household biomass fuels were measured with an integrating sphere optics approach supported by iterative calculations. A novel algorithm to directly estimate the absorption contribution of BrC relative to that of BrC + black carbon (FBrC) was proposed based purely on the absorption exponent (AAE)
(FBrC = 0.5519 lnAAE + 0.0067). The FBrC for household biomass fuels was as high as 50.8 % across the strongest solar spectral range of 350−850 nm.
Qingqing Yu, Xiang Ding, Quanfu He, Weiqiang Yang, Ming Zhu, Sheng Li, Runqi Zhang, Ruqin Shen, Yanli Zhang, Xinhui Bi, Yuesi Wang, Ping'an Peng, and Xinming Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 14581–14595, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-14581-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-14581-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
We carried out a 1-year PM concurrent observation at 12 sites across six regions of China, and size-segregated PAHs were measured. We found both PAHs and BaPeq were concentrated in PM1.1, and northern China had higher PAHs' pollution and inhalation cancer risk than southern China. Nationwide increases in both PAH levels and inhalation cancer risk occurred in winter. We suggest reducing coal and biofuel consumption in the residential sector is an important option to mitigate PAHs' health risks.
Qingcai Chen, Haoyao Sun, Wenhuai Song, Fang Cao, Chongguo Tian, and Yan-Lin Zhang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 14407–14417, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-14407-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-14407-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
This study found environmentally persistent free radicals (EPFRs) are widely present in atmospheric particles of different particle sizes and exhibit significant particle size distribution characteristics. EPFR concentrations are higher in coarse particles than in fine particles in summer and vice versa in winter. The potential toxicity caused by EPFRs may also vary with particle size and season. Combustion is the most important source of EPFRs (>70 %).
Yuzhen Fu, Qinhao Lin, Guohua Zhang, Yuxiang Yang, Yiping Yang, Xiufeng Lian, Long Peng, Feng Jiang, Xinhui Bi, Lei Li, Yuanyuan Wang, Duohong Chen, Jie Ou, Xinming Wang, Ping'an Peng, Jianxi Zhu, and Guoying Sheng
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 14063–14075, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-14063-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-14063-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Based on the analysis of the morphology and mixing structure of the activated and unactivated particles, our results emphasize the role of in-cloud processes in the chemistry and microphysical properties of individual activated particles. Given that organic coatings may determine the particle hygroscopicity and heterogeneous chemical reactivity, the increase of OM-shelled particles upon in-cloud processes should have considerable implications for their evolution and climate impact.
Cited articles
Anenberg, S. C., Balakrishnan, K., Jetter, J., Masera, O., Mehta, S., Moss,
J., and Ramanathan, V.: Cleaner Cooking Solutions to Achieve Health, Climate,
and Economic Cobenefits, Environ. Sci. Technol., 47, 3944–3952,
https://doi.org/10.1021/es304942e, 2013.
Bond, T. C., Streets, D. G., Yarber, K. F., Nelson, S. M., Woo, J. H., and
Klimont, Z.: A technology-based global inventory of black and organic carbon
emissions from combustion, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 109, 43,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2003jd003697, 2004.
Bond, T. C., Doherty, S. J., Fahey, D. W., Forster, P. M., Berntsen, T.,
DeAngelo, B. J., Flanner, M. G., Ghan, S., Kaercher, B., Koch, D., Kinne,
S., Kondo, Y., Quinn, P. K., Sarofim, M. C., Schultz, M. G., Schulz, M.,
Venkataraman, C., Zhang, H., Zhang, S., Bellouin, N., Guttikunda, S. K.,
Hopke, P. K., Jacobson, M. Z., Kaiser, J. W., Klimont, Z., Lohmann, U.,
Schwarz, J. P., Shindell, D., Storelvmo, T., Warren, S. G., and Zender, C. S.:
Bounding the role of black carbon in the climate system: A scientific
assessment, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 118, 5380–5552,
https://doi.org/10.1002/jgrd.50171, 2013.
Chen, B., Andersson, A., Lee, M., Kirillova, E. N., Xiao, Q. F., Krusa, M.,
Shi, M. N., Hu, K., Lu, Z. F., Streets, D. G., Du, K., and Gustafsson, O.:
Source Forensics of Black Carbon Aerosols from China, Environ. Sci.
Technol., 47, 9102–9108, https://doi.org/10.1021/es401599r, 2013.
Chen, J., Jia, W. L., Yu, C. L., Zhang, X. Y., and Peng, P. A.: Bound
hydrocarbons and structure of pyrobitumen rapidly formed by asphaltene
cracking: Implications for oil-source correlation, Org. Geochem., 146, 16,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orggeochem.2020.104053, 2020.
Currie, L. A.: Evolution and multidisciplinary frontiers of C-14 aerosol
science, Radiocarbon, 42, 115–126, https://doi.org/10.1017/S003382220005308X, 2000.
Currie, L. A., Benner, B. A., Kessler, J. D., Klinedinst, D. B., Klouda, G.
A., Marolf, J. V., Slater, J. F., Wise, S. A., Cachier, H., Cary, R., Chow,
J. C., Watson, J., Druffel, E. R. M., Masiello, C. A., Eglinton, T. I.,
Pearson, A., Reddy, C. M., Gustafsson, O., Quinn, J. G., Hartmann, P. C.,
Hedges, J. I., Prentice, K. M., Kirchstetter, T. W., Novakov, T., Puxbaum,
H., and Schmid, H.: A critical evaluation of interlaboratory data on total,
elemental, and isotopic carbon in the carbonaceous particle reference
material, NIST SRM 1649a, J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol., 107,
279–298, https://doi.org/10.6028/jres.107.022, 2002.
Dasari, S. and Widory, D.: Radiocarbon (14C) Analysis of Carbonaceous
Aerosols: Revisiting the Existing Analytical Techniques for Isolation of
Black Carbon, Front. Environ. Sci., 10, 907467, https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2022.907467, 2022.
de la Rosa, J. M., Garcia, L. S., de Andres, J. R., Gonzalez-Vila, F. J.,
Gonzalez-Perez, J. A., and Knicker, H.: Contribution of black carbon in
recent sediments of the Gulf of Cadiz: Applicability of different
quantification methodologies, Quaternary Int., 243, 264–272,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2011.01.034, 2011.
Elmquist, M., Cornelissen, G., Kukulska, Z., and Gustafsson, O.: Distinct
oxidative stabilities of char versus soot black carbon: Implications for
quantification and environmental recalcitrance, Glob. Biogeochem. Cy.,
20, 11, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005gb002629, 2006.
Fuzzi, S., Andreae, M. O., Huebert, B. J., Kulmala, M., Bond, T. C., Boy, M., Doherty, S. J., Guenther, A., Kanakidou, M., Kawamura, K., Kerminen, V.-M., Lohmann, U., Russell, L. M., and Pöschl, U.: Critical assessment of the current state of scientific knowledge, terminology, and research needs concerning the role of organic aerosols in the atmosphere, climate, and global change, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 6, 2017–2038, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-6-2017-2006, 2006.
Gustafsson, O., Krusa, M., Zencak, Z., Sheesley, R. J., Granat, L.,
Engstrom, E., Praveen, P. S., Rao, P. S. P., Leck, C., and Rodhe, H.: Brown
Clouds over South Asia: Biomass or Fossil Fuel Combustion?, Science,
323, 495–498, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1164857, 2009.
Hammes, K., Schmidt, M. W. I., Smernik, R. J., Currie, L. A., Ball, W. P.,
Nguyen, T. H., Louchouarn, P., Houel, S., Gustafsson, O., Elmquist, M.,
Cornelissen, G., Skjemstad, J. O., Masiello, C. A., Song, J. Z., Peng, P.
A., Mitra, S., Dunn, J. C., Hatcher, P. G., Hockaday, W. C., Smith, D. M.,
Hartkopf-Froeder, C., Boehmer, A., Luer, B., Huebert, B. J., Amelung, W.,
Brodowski, S., Huang, L., Zhang, W., Gschwend, P. M., Flores-Cervantes, D.
X., Largeau, C., Rouzaud, J. N., Rumpel, C., Guggenberger, G., Kaiser, K.,
Rodionov, A., Gonzalez-Vila, F. J., Gonzalez-Perez, J. A., de la Rosa, J.
M., Manning, D. A. C., Lopez-Capel, E., and Ding, L.: Comparison of
quantification methods to measure fire-derived (black/elemental) carbon in
soils and sediments using reference materials from soil, water, sediment and
the atmosphere, Glob. Biogeochem. Cycle, 21, 18,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2006gb002914, 2007.
Heal, M. R., Naysmith, P., Cook, G. T., Xu, S., Duran, T. R., and Harrison, R.
M.: Application of C-14 analyses to source apportionment of carbonaceous
PM2.5 in the UK, Atmos. Environ., 45, 2341–2348, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2011.02.029, 2011.
Huang, R. J., Zhang, Y. L., Bozzetti, C., Ho, K. F., Cao, J. J., Han, Y. M.,
Daellenbach, K. R., Slowik, J. G., Platt, S. M., Canonaco, F., Zotter, P.,
Wolf, R., Pieber, S. M., Bruns, E. A., Crippa, M., Ciarelli, G.,
Piazzalunga, A., Schwikowski, M., Abbaszade, G., Schnelle-Kreis, J.,
Zimmermann, R., An, Z. S., Szidat, S., Baltensperger, U., El Haddad, I., and
Prevot, A. S. H.: High secondary aerosol contribution to particulate
pollution during haze events in China, Nature, 514, 218–222,
https://doi.org/10.1038/nature13774, 2014.
Kelemen, S. R., Walters, C. C., Kwiatek, P. J., Freund, H., Afeworki, M.,
Sansone, M., Lamberti, W. A., Pottorf, R. J., Machel, H. G., Peters, K. E., and
Bolin, T.: Characterization of solid bitumens originating from thermal
chemical alteration and thermochemical sulfate reduction, Geochim.
Cosmochim. Acta, 74, 5305–5332, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2010.06.013, 2010.
Kirillova, E. N., Andersson, A., Sheesley, R. J., Krusa, M., Praveen, P. S.,
Budhavant, K., Safai, P. D., Rao, P. S. P., and Gustafsson, O.: C-13- and
C-14-based study of sources and atmospheric processing of water-soluble
organic carbon (WSOC) in South Asian aerosols, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos.,
118, 614–626, https://doi.org/10.1002/jgrd.50130, 2013.
Li, X. M., Shen, Q. R., Zhang, D. Q., Mei, X. L., Ran, W., Xu, Y. C., and Yu,
G. H.: Functional Groups Determine Biochar Properties (pH and EC) as Studied
by Two-Dimensional C-13 NMR Correlation Spectroscopy, PLoS One, 8, 7,
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0065949, 2013.
Liu, D., Li, J., Zhang, Y. L., Xu, Y., Liu, X., Ding, P., Shen, C. D., Chen,
Y. J., Tian, C. G., and Zhang, G.: The Use of Levoglucosan and Radiocarbon for
Source Apportionment of PM2.5 Carbonaceous Aerosols at a Background Site in
East China, Environ. Sci. Technol., 47, 10454–10461,
https://doi.org/10.1021/es401250k, 2013.
Liu, J. W., Li, J., Ding, P., Zhang, Y. L., Liu, D., Shen, C. D., and Zhang,
G.: Optimizing isolation protocol of organic carbon and elemental carbon for
C-14 analysis using fine particulate samples, Atmos. Environ., 154, 9–19,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2017.01.027, 2017.
Maenhaut, W., Raes, N., Chi, X. G., Cafmeyer, J., Wang, W., and Salma, I.:
Chemical composition and mass closure for fine and coarse aerosols at a
kerbside in Budapest, Hungary, in spring 2002, X-Ray Spectrom., 34,
290–296, https://doi.org/10.1002/xrs.820, 2005.
Meredith, W., Ascough, P. L., Bird, M. I., Large, D. J., Snape, C. E., Sun,
Y., and Tilston, E. L.: Assessment of hydropyrolysis as a method for the
quantification of black carbon using standard reference materials, Geochim.
Cosmochim. Acta, 97, 131–147, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2012.08.037, 2012.
Reddy, C. M., Pearson, A., Xu, L., McNichol, A. P., Benner, B. A., Wise, S.
A., Klouda, G. A., Currie, L. A., and Eglinton, T. I.: Radiocarbon as a tool to
apportion the sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and black carbon
in environmental samples, Environ. Sci. Technol, 36, 1774–1782, https://doi.org/10.1021/es011343f, 2002.
Salma, I., Chi, X. G., and Maenhaut, W.: Elemental and organic carbon in
urban canyon and background environments in Budapest, Hungary, Atmos.
Environ., 38, 27–36, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2003.09.047, 2004.
Schmidt, M. W. I., Skjemstad, J. O., Czimczik, C. I., Glaser, B., Prentice,
K. M., Gelinas, Y., and Kuhlbusch, T. A. J.: Comparative analysis of black
carbon in soils, Glob. Biogeochem. Cycle, 15, 163–167,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2000gb001284, 2001.
Schwarz, J. P., Holloway, J. S., Katich, J. M., McKeen, S., Kort, E. A.,
Smith, M. L., Ryerson, T. B., Sweeney, C., and Peischl, J.: Black Carbon
Emissions from the Bakken Oil and Gas Development Region, Environ. Sci.
Technol. Lett., 2, 281–285, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.estlett.5b00225, 2015.
Stevens, N., Lehmann, C. E. R., Murphy, B. P., and Durigan, G.: Savanna woody
encroachment is widespread across three continents, Glob. Change Biol.,
23, 235–244, https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.13409, 2017.
Streets, D. G., Yarber, K. F., Woo, J. H., and Carmichael, G. R.: Biomass
burning in Asia: Annual and seasonal estimates and atmospheric emissions,
Glob. Biogeochem. Cycle, 17, 20, https://doi.org/10.1029/2003gb002040, 2003.
Szidat, S.: ATMOSPHERE Sources of Asian Haze, Science, 323, 470–471,
https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1169407, 2009.
Szidat, S., Jenk, T. M., Gaggeler, H. W., Synal, H. A., Hajdas, I., Bonani,
G., and Saurer, M.: THEODORE, a two-step heating system for the EC/OC
determination of radiocarbon (C-14) in the environment, Nucl. Instrum.
Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms, 223, 829–836,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nimb.2004.04.153, 2004.
Szidat, S., Ruff, M., Perron, N., Wacker, L., Synal, H.-A., Hallquist, M., Shannigrahi, A. S., Yttri, K. E., Dye, C., and Simpson, D.: Fossil and non-fossil sources of organic carbon (OC) and elemental carbon (EC) in Göteborg, Sweden, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 1521–1535, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-1521-2009, 2009.
Szidat, S., Bench, G., Bernardoni, V., Calzolai, G., Czimczik, C. I.,
Derendorp, L., Dusek, U., Elder, K., Fedi, M. E., Genberg, J., Gustafsson,
O., Kirillova, E., Kondo, M., McNichol, A. P., Perron, N., Santos, G. M.,
Stenstrom, K., Swietlicki, E., Uchida, M., Vecchi, R., Wacker, L., Zhang, Y.
L., and Prevot, A. S. H.: INTERCOMPARISON OF C-14 ANALYSIS OF CARBONACEOUS
AEROSOLS: EXERCISE 2009, Radiocarbon, 55, 1496–1509,
https://doi.org/10.2458/azu_js_rc.55.16314, 2013.
Zencak, Z., Elmquist, M., and Gustafsson, O.: Quantification and radiocarbon
source apportionment of black carbon in atmospheric aerosols using the
CTO-375 method, Atmos. Environ., 41, 7895–7906,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2007.06.006, 2007.
Zenker, K., Vonwiller, M., Szidat, S., Calzolai, G., Giannoni, M.,
Bernardoni, V., Jedynska, A. D., Henzing, B., Meijer, H. A. J., and Dusek,
U.: Evaluation and Inter-Comparison of Oxygen-Based OC-EC Separation Methods
for Radiocarbon Analysis of Ambient Aerosol Particle Samples, Atmosphere,
8, 21, https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos8110226, 2017.
Zhang, W. M., Brandt, M., Penuelas, J., Guichard, F., Tong, X. Y., Tian, F.,
and Fensholt, R.: Ecosystem structural changes controlled by altered
rainfall climatology in tropical savannas, Nat. Commun., 10, 7,
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-08602-6, 2019a.
Zhang, X. Y., Li, J., Mo, Y. Z., Shen, C. D., Ding, P., Wang, N., Zhu, S.
Y., Cheng, Z. N., He, J. Z., Tian, Y. K., Gao, S. T., Zhou, Q., Tian, C. G.,
Chen, Y. J., and Zhang, G.: Isolation and radiocarbon analysis of elemental
carbon in atmospheric aerosols using hydropyrolysis, Atmos. Environ., 198,
381-386, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2018.11.005, 2019b.
Zhang, Y. L., Perron, N., Ciobanu, V. G., Zotter, P., Minguillón, M. C., Wacker, L., Prévôt, A. S. H., Baltensperger, U., and Szidat, S.: On the isolation of OC and EC and the optimal strategy of radiocarbon-based source apportionment of carbonaceous aerosols, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 10841–10856, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-10841-2012, 2012.
Zhang, Y. L., Schnelle-Kreis, J., Abbaszade, G., Zimmermann, R., Zotter, P.,
Shen, R. R., Schafer, K., Shao, L. Y., Prevot, A. S. H., and Szidat, S.:
Source Apportionment of Elemental Carbon in Beijing, China: Insights from
Radiocarbon and Organic Marker Measurements, Environ. Sci. Technol., 49,
8408–8415, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.5b01944, 2015.
Short summary
The results show that 14C elemental carbon (EC) was not only related to the isolation method but also to the types and proportions of the biomass sources in the sample. The hydropyrolysis (Hypy) method, which can be used to isolate a highly stable portion of ECHypy and avoid charring, is a more effective and stable approach for the matrix-independent 14C quantification of EC in aerosols, and the 13C–ECHypy and non-fossil ECHypy values of SRM1649b were –24.9 ‰ and 11 %, respectively.
The results show that 14C elemental carbon (EC) was not only related to the isolation method but...
Altmetrics
Final-revised paper
Preprint