Articles | Volume 23, issue 19
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-12801-2023
© Author(s) 2023. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-12801-2023
© Author(s) 2023. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
12 Oct 2023
Research article |
| 12 Oct 2023
| 12 Oct 2023
3D assimilation and radiative impact assessment of aerosol black carbon over the Indian region using aircraft, balloon, ground-based, and multi-satellite observations
Nair Krishnan Kala
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Centre for Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, Indian Institute of
Science, Bengaluru, India
Divecha Centre for Climate Change, Indian Institute of Science,
Bengaluru, India
Narayana Sarma Anand
School of Physics, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research
Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
Mohanan R. Manoj
Divecha Centre for Climate Change, Indian Institute of Science,
Bengaluru, India
Srinivasan Prasanth
Divecha Centre for Climate Change, Indian Institute of Science,
Bengaluru, India
Harshavardhana S. Pathak
Divecha Centre for Climate Change, Indian Institute of Science,
Bengaluru, India
Thara Prabhakaran
Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology (IITM), Ministry of Earth
Sciences, Pune, Maharashtra, India
Pramod D. Safai
Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology (IITM), Ministry of Earth
Sciences, Pune, Maharashtra, India
Krishnaswamy K. Moorthy
Divecha Centre for Climate Change, Indian Institute of Science,
Bengaluru, India
Sreedharan K. Satheesh
Centre for Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, Indian Institute of
Science, Bengaluru, India
Divecha Centre for Climate Change, Indian Institute of Science,
Bengaluru, India
DST-Centre of Excellence in Climate Change, Indian Institute of
Science, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
Related authors
Nair K. Kala, Narayana Sarma Anand, Mohanan R. Manoj, Harshavardhana S. Pathak, Krishnaswamy K. Moorthy, and Sreedharan K. Satheesh
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 6067–6085, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-6067-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-6067-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We present the 3-D distribution of atmospheric aerosols and highlight its variation with respect to longitudes over the Indian mainland and the surrounding oceans using long-term satellite observations and realistic synthesised data. The atmospheric heating due to the 3-D distribution of aerosols is estimated using radiative transfer calculations. We believe that our findings will have strong implications for aerosol–radiation interactions in regional climate simulations.
Srinivasan Prasanth, Narayana Sarma Anand, Kudilil Sunilkumar, Subin Jose, Kenath Arun, Sreedharan K. Satheesh, and Krishnaswamy Krishna Moorthy
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 7161–7186, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-7161-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-7161-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
We study the impact of the 2019–2020 Australian bushfires on stratospheric chemistry and polar stratospheric cloud (PSC) dynamics. Our results show that the stratospheric intrusion of bushfire aerosols significantly increases nitric acid in the lower stratosphere, thereby increasing the PSC volume during the Austral winter. Notably, rapid ice PSC nucleation on nitric acid trihydrate particles leads to unusually high ice PSC volumes, highlighting the response of PSCs to an enhanced stratospheric aerosol scenario.
Kadavathu Sreekumar Apsara, Jayakumar Aravindakshan, Anurose Theethai Jacob, Saji Mohandas, Paul Field, Hamish Gordan, Thara Prabhakaran, Mahen Konwar, and Vijapurap Srinivasa Prasad
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3538, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3538, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Science has made significant strides in weather prediction, especially for intense tropical rainfall that can lead to floods and landslides. Our study aims to improve monsoon rainfall forecasts by analyzing raindrop sizes. Using a new approach to model raindrop growth, we achieved a more accurate depiction of large rainfall events. These improvements can be generalized to enhance early warning systems, offering reliable predictions that help reduce risks from severe tropical weather events.
Krishnakant Budhavant, Mohanan Remani Manoj, Hari Ram Chandrika Rajendran Nair, Samuel Mwaniki Gaita, Henry Holmstrand, Abdus Salam, Ahmed Muslim, Sreedharan Krishnakumari Satheesh, and Örjan Gustafsson
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 11911–11925, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-11911-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-11911-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The South Asian Pollution Experiment 2018 used access to three strategically located receptor observatories. Observational constraints revealed opposing trends in the mass absorption cross sections of black carbon (BC MAC) and brown carbon (BrC MAC) during long-range transport. Models estimating the climate effects of BC aerosols may have underestimated the ambient BC MAC over distant receptor areas, leading to discrepancies in aerosol absorption predicted by observation-constrained models.
Mahen Konwar, Benjamin Werden, Edward C. Fortner, Sudarsan Bera, Mercy Varghese, Subharthi Chowdhuri, Kurt Hibert, Philip Croteau, John Jayne, Manjula Canagaratna, Neelam Malap, Sandeep Jayakumar, Shivsai A. Dixit, Palani Murugavel, Duncan Axisa, Darrel Baumgardner, Peter F. DeCarlo, Doug R. Worsnop, and Thara Prabhakaran
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 17, 2387–2400, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-2387-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-2387-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
In a warm cloud seeding experiment hygroscopic particles are released to alter cloud processes to induce early raindrops. During the Cloud–Aerosol Interaction and Precipitation Enhancement Experiment, airborne mini aerosol mass spectrometers analyse the particles on which clouds form. The seeded clouds showed higher concentrations of chlorine and potassium, the oxidizing agents of flares. Small cloud droplet concentrations increased, and seeding particles were detected in deep cloud depths.
Nair K. Kala, Narayana Sarma Anand, Mohanan R. Manoj, Harshavardhana S. Pathak, Krishnaswamy K. Moorthy, and Sreedharan K. Satheesh
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 6067–6085, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-6067-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-6067-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We present the 3-D distribution of atmospheric aerosols and highlight its variation with respect to longitudes over the Indian mainland and the surrounding oceans using long-term satellite observations and realistic synthesised data. The atmospheric heating due to the 3-D distribution of aerosols is estimated using radiative transfer calculations. We believe that our findings will have strong implications for aerosol–radiation interactions in regional climate simulations.
Archana Devi and Sreedharan K. Satheesh
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 5365–5376, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-5365-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-5365-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Global maps of aerosol absorption were generated using a multi-satellite retrieval algorithm. The retrieved values were validated with available aircraft-based measurements and compared with other global datasets. Seasonal and spatial distributions of aerosol absorption over various regions are also presented. The global maps of single scattering albedo with improved accuracy provide important input to climate models for assessing the climatic impact of aerosols on regional and global scales.
Priyanka Banerjee, Sreedharan Krishnakumari Satheesh, and Krishnaswamy Krishna Moorthy
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 17665–17685, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-17665-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-17665-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We show that the Atlantic Ocean is the major driver of interannual variability in dust over South Asia since the second decade of the 21st century. This is a shift from the previously important role played by the Pacific Ocean in controlling dust over this region. Following the end of the recent global warming hiatus, anomalies of the North Atlantic sea surface temperature have remotely invoked a weakening of the South Asian monsoon and a strengthening of the dust-bearing northwesterlies.
S. Arora, A. V. Kulkarni, P. Ghosh, and S. K. Satheesh
Int. Arch. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci., XLIII-B3-2021, 431–436, https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLIII-B3-2021-431-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLIII-B3-2021-431-2021, 2021
Mohanan R. Manoj, Sreedharan K. Satheesh, Krishnaswamy K. Moorthy, Jamie Trembath, and Hugh Coe
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 8979–8997, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-8979-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-8979-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Vertical distributions of atmospheric aerosols across the Indo-Gangetic Plain (IGP) and their ability to form clouds have been studied based on airborne measurements during the SWAAMI field campaign. The ability of the aerosols to act as cloud-forming nuclei exhibited large spatial variation across the IGP and strong seasonality with increase in this ability with increase in altitude prior to the onset of monsoon and decrease with increase in altitude during the active phase of the monsoon.
Harshavardhana Sunil Pathak, Sreedharan Krishnakumari Satheesh, Krishnaswamy Krishna Moorthy, and Ravi Shankar Nanjundiah
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 14237–14252, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-14237-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-14237-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
We have estimated the aerosol radiative forcing (ARF) by employing the assimilated, gridded aerosol datasets over the Indian region. The present ARF estimates are more accurate and certain than those estimated using the currently available, latest satellite-retrieved aerosol products. Therefore, the present ARF estimates and corresponding assimilated aerosol products emerge as potential candidates for improving the aerosol climate impact assessment at regional, subregional and seasonal scales.
Venugopalan Nair Jayachandran, Mercy Varghese, Palani Murugavel, Kiran S. Todekar, Shivdas P. Bankar, Neelam Malap, Gurnule Dinesh, Pramod D. Safai, Jaya Rao, Mahen Konwar, Shivsai Dixit, and Thara V. Prabha
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 7307–7334, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-7307-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-7307-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Continuous aerosol and cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) measurements carried out at the ground observational facility of a CAIPEEX campaign, situated in the rain-shadow region of the Indian subcontinent, are illustrated. The variations in CCN characteristics within the monsoon period are investigated along with the aerosol physical and optical properties. The change in the dependency of CCN activity on aerosol size and composition due to the variations in air mass and meteorology is brought out.
Mohanan R. Manoj, Sreedharan K. Satheesh, Krishnaswamy K. Moorthy, and Hugh Coe
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 4031–4046, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-4031-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-4031-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
The study reports the observation of highly absorbing aerosol layers at high altitudes (1–2.5 km) prior to monsoon and during its development over the Indian region and quantifies its climate impacts. The absorption of solar radiation in these layers perturbs the onset of monsoon through the impact on the atmospheric stability. When height-resolved values of single scattering albedo (SSA) are used in a radiative transfer model, a maximum heating ~1 K d (~twice that using SSA) is obtained.
Harshavardhana Sunil Pathak, Sreedharan Krishnakumari Satheesh, Ravi Shankar Nanjundiah, Krishnaswamy Krishna Moorthy, Sivaramakrishnan Lakshmivarahan, and Surendran Nair Suresh Babu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 11865–11886, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-11865-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-11865-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
We have developed quality-enhanced, gridded datasets for aerosol optical depth (AOD) and absorption AOD by assimilating highly accurate measurements from the dense network of ground-based stations, with respective satellite-retrieved datasets. The assimilated datasets demonstrate improved accuracy and reduced uncertainties as compared to respective satellite products. Thus, these assimilated products emerge as important tools to improve the accuracy of climate impact assessment of aerosols.
Kadiri Saikranthi, Basivi Radhakrishna, Thota Narayana Rao, and Sreedharan Krishnakumari Satheesh
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 10423–10432, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-10423-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-10423-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Recent studies have shown that simulation of monsoons can be improved with an exact representation of SST–precipitation relationship. The vertical structure of precipitation with SST is distinctly different over the Arabian Sea than over the Bay of Bengal. The reflectivity profiles show variation with SST over the Arabian Sea and do not show considerable variation with SST over the Bay of Bengal. The variations in reflectivity profiles seem to originate at the cloud formation stage itself.
Gaurav Govardhan, Sreedharan Krishnakumari Satheesh, Krishnaswamy Krishna Moorthy, and Ravi Nanjundiah
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 8229–8241, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-8229-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-8229-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
We show substantial improvements in the near-surface BC mass concentrations simulated by a regional chemistry transport model, WRF-Chem, over the Indian region, upon scaling up the CMIP5 equivalent anthropogenic BC emissions by 3 and introducing a diurnal variation to those. The diurnality in emissions alone significantly controls the simulated near-surface BC mass concentration, with a mean delay of 3–4 h. The simulated AOD, however, is still underestimated.
James Brooks, James D. Allan, Paul I. Williams, Dantong Liu, Cathryn Fox, Jim Haywood, Justin M. Langridge, Ellie J. Highwood, Sobhan K. Kompalli, Debbie O'Sullivan, Suresh S. Babu, Sreedharan K. Satheesh, Andrew G. Turner, and Hugh Coe
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 5615–5634, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-5615-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-5615-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Our study, for the first time, presents measurements of aerosol chemical composition and physical characteristics across northern India in the pre-monsoon and monsoon seasons of 2016 using the FAAM BAe-146 UK research aircraft. Across northern India, an elevated aerosol layer dominated by sulfate aerosol exists that diminishes with monsoon arrival. The Indo-Gangetic Plain (IGP) boundary layer is dominated by organics, whereas outside the IGP sulfate dominates with increased scattering aerosol.
Kruthika Eswaran, Sreedharan Krishnakumari Satheesh, and Jayaraman Srinivasan
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 3307–3324, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-3307-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-3307-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Multiple satellite retrieval algorithms are used to counter problems, such as cloud contamination, faced by sensors with large pixel sizes. This work uses one such algorithm to retrieve a parameter (single scattering albedo) over the oceans. It was found that the joint algorithm performed better than the original when aerosols were present near the surface. Discrepancy between the measurements was seen when elevated aerosols were present which might not have been detected by cruise instruments.
Chandrika Rajendran Hariram, Gaurav Govardhan, Mohanan Remani Manoj, Narayana Sarma Anand, Karuppiah Kannan, Sreedharan Krishnakumari Satheesh, and Krishnaswamy Krishna Moorthy
Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2018-745, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2018-745, 2018
Revised manuscript not accepted
Short summary
Short summary
The knowledge on the realistic state of mixing of aerosols is inevitable for climate studies. Our paper unravels the existing uncertainties regarding the morphology and mixing state of aerosols, hitherto unexplained. To the best of our knowledge, this is a first-of-its kind study over the Indian region, coupling realistic aerosol observations, advanced spectroscopic, microscopic and image processing techniques on atmospheric aerosols at single particle resolution.
Lois Thomas, Neelam Malap, Wojciech W. Grabowski, Kundan Dani, and Thara V. Prabha
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 7473–7488, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-7473-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-7473-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
A thermodynamic parcel analysis of several high-resolution soundings from Pune, India, investigating pre-monsoon and monsoon conditions, is carried out in this study. A simple theoretical approach for cloud base height estimation is illustrated. Results illustrate the role of surface forcing in contrasting conditions of the pre-monsoon and monsoon. Large eddy simulations, observational data, and theoretical explanation are presented.
W. W. Grabowski, L.-P. Wang, and T. V. Prabha
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 913–926, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-913-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-913-2015, 2015
Related subject area
Subject: Aerosols | Research Activity: Field Measurements | Altitude Range: Troposphere | Science Focus: Physics (physical properties and processes)
Microphysical properties of refractory black carbon aerosols for different air masses at a central European background site
Source-dependent optical properties and molecular characteristics of atmospheric brown carbon
Multi-year black carbon observations and modeling close to the largest gas flaring and wildfire regions in the Western Siberian Arctic
Pollution affects Arabian and Saharan dust optical properties in the eastern Mediterranean
Phase matrix characterization of long-range-transported Saharan dust using multiwavelength-polarized polar imaging nephelometry
Measurement report: The influence of particle number size distribution and hygroscopicity on the microphysical properties of cloud droplets at a mountain site
Measurement report: Long-term assessment of primary and secondary organic aerosols in the Shanghai megacity throughout China's Clean Air actions since 2010
The evolution of aerosol mixing state derived from a field campaign in Beijing: implications for particle aging timescales in urban atmospheres
Field Observations Reveal Substantially Higher Scattering Refractive Index in Secondary Versus Primary Organic Aerosols
Measurement report: Size-resolved particle effective density measured by an AAC-SMPS and implications for chemical composition
Locally emitted fungal spores serve as high temperature ice nucleating particles in the European sub-Arctic
Measurement report: Aircraft observations of aerosol and microphysical quantities of stratocumulus in autumn over Guangxi Province, China – daylight variation, vertical distribution, and aerosol–cloud interactions
Hygroscopic aerosols amplify longwave downward radiation in the Arctic
Measurement report: Aerosol and cloud nuclei properties along the Central and Northern Great Barrier Reef: Impact of continental emissions
Measurement report: Optical and structural properties of atmospheric water-soluble organic carbon in China – insights from multi-site spectroscopic measurements
Measurement report: The variation properties of aerosol hygroscopic growth related to chemical composition during new particle formation days in a coastal city of Southeast China
In situ vertical observations of the layered structure of air pollution in a continental high-latitude urban boundary layer during winter
Size-resolved hygroscopicity and volatility properties of ambient urban aerosol particles measured by a volatility hygroscopicity tandem differential mobility analyzer system in Beijing
Terrestrial runoff is an important source of biological ice-nucleating particles in Arctic marine systems
Characterization of aerosol over the eastern Mediterranean by polarization-sensitive Raman lidar measurements during A-LIFE – aerosol type classification and type separation
Aerosol spectral optical properties in the Paris urban area and its peri-urban and forested surroundings during summer 2022 from ACROSS surface observations
Measurement report: An investigation of the spatiotemporal variability in aerosols in the mountainous terrain of the upper Colorado River basin using SAIL-Net
Contributions of the synoptic meteorology to the seasonal cloud condensation nuclei cycle over the Southern Ocean
Measurement report: Cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) activity in the South China Sea from shipborne observations during the summer and winter of 2021 – seasonal variation and anthropogenic influence
Biomass burning smoke transport and radiative impact over the city of Sao Paulo: An extreme event case study
Differential characterization of air ions in boreal forest of Finland and megacity of eastern China
On-road vehicle emission measurements show a significant reduction of black carbon and nitrogen oxides emissions in Euro6c and 6d diesel-powered cars
Bioaerosols as indicators of central Arctic ice nucleating particle sources
Measurement report: A comparative analysis of an intensive incursion of fluorescing African dust particles over Puerto Rico and another over Spain
Measurement report: Analysis of aerosol optical depth variation at Zhongshan Station in Antarctica
External particle mixing influences hygroscopicity in a sub-urban area
Long-term observations of black carbon and carbon monoxide in the Poker Flat Research Range, central Alaska, with a focus on forest wildfire emissions
Origin, size distribution and hygroscopic properties of marine aerosols in the south-western Indian Ocean: report of 6 campaigns of shipborne observations
High ice-nucleating particle concentrations associated with Arctic haze in springtime cold-air outbreaks
CCN estimations at a high-altitude remote site: role of organic aerosol variability and hygroscopicity
Aerosol hygroscopicity over the South-East Atlantic Ocean during the biomass burning season: Part II – Influence of burning conditions on CCN hygroscopicity
Aerosol hygroscopicity over the southeast Atlantic Ocean during the biomass burning season – Part 1: From the perspective of scattering enhancement
Spatial, temporal, and meteorological impact of the 26 February 2023 dust storm: increase in particulate matter concentrations across New Mexico and West Texas
Large spatiotemporal variability in aerosol properties over central Argentina during the CACTI field campaign
Quantification and characterization of primary biological aerosol particles and microbes aerosolized from Baltic seawater
Brownness of organics in anthropogenic biomass burning aerosols over South Asia
Divergent changes in aerosol optical hygroscopicity and new particle formation induced by heatwaves
Strong influence of Black Carbon on aerosol optical properties in Central Amazonia during the fire season
Source apportionment of particle number size distribution at the street canyon and urban background sites
Long-range transport of coarse mineral dust: an evaluation of the Met Office Unified Model against aircraft observations
Extreme Saharan dust events expand northward over the Atlantic and Europe, prompting record-breaking PM10 and PM2.5 episodes
Atmospheric black carbon in the metropolitan area of La Paz and El Alto, Bolivia: concentration levels and emission sources
Changing optical properties of black carbon and brown carbon aerosols during long-range transport from the Indo-Gangetic Plain to the equatorial Indian Ocean
Aerosol size distribution properties associated with cold-air outbreaks in the Norwegian Arctic
Ice-nucleating particles active below −24 °C in a Finnish boreal forest and their relationship to bioaerosols
Yifan Yang, Thomas Müller, Laurent Poulain, Samira Atabakhsh, Bruna A. Holanda, Jens Voigtländer, Shubhi Arora, and Mira L. Pöhlker
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 8637–8655, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-8637-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-8637-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Black carbon (BC) is the major atmospheric aerosol that can absorb light and influence climate. We measured the physical properties of BC at a background site in Germany. In summer, BC particles were smaller and the mixture with other atmospheric components occurred during the daytime. In winter, emissions from residential heating significantly influenced BC's properties. Understanding these characteristics of BC can help to improve the accuracy of aerosol optic simulation.
Jinghao Zhai, Yin Zhang, Pengfei Liu, Yujie Zhang, Antai Zhang, Yaling Zeng, Baohua Cai, Jingyi Zhang, Chunbo Xing, Honglong Yang, Xiaofei Wang, Jianhuai Ye, Chen Wang, Tzung-May Fu, Lei Zhu, Huizhong Shen, Shu Tao, and Xin Yang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 7959–7972, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-7959-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-7959-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Our study shows that the optical properties of brown carbon depend on its source. Brown carbon from ozone pollution had the weakest light absorption but the strongest wavelength dependence, while biomass burning brown carbon showed the strongest absorption and the weakest wavelength dependence. Nitrogen-containing organic carbon compounds were identified as key light absorbers. These results improve understanding of brown carbon sources and help refine climate models.
Olga B. Popovicheva, Marina A. Chichaeva, Nikolaos Evangeliou, Sabine Eckhardt, Evangelia Diapouli, and Nikolay S. Kasimov
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 7719–7739, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-7719-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-7719-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
High-quality measurements of light-absorbing carbon were performed at the polar aerosol station "Island Bely” (Western Siberian Arctic) from 2019 to 2022. The maximum light absorption coefficients were seen in summer due to gas flaring, which is the most significant source in the region. However, the increasing Siberian wildfires had a special share in carbon contribution at this high Arctic station, with a persistent smoke layer extending over the whole troposphere in summer.
Marilena Teri, Josef Gasteiger, Katharina Heimerl, Maximilian Dollner, Manuel Schöberl, Petra Seibert, Anne Tipka, Thomas Müller, Sudharaj Aryasree, Konrad Kandler, and Bernadett Weinzierl
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 6633–6662, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-6633-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-6633-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
The A-LIFE aircraft field experiment was carried out in the eastern Mediterranean in 2017. Using A-LIFE data, we studied the change in mineral dust optical properties due to mixing with anthropogenic aerosols. We found that increasing pollution affects dust optical properties, which has implications for identifying dust events and understanding their climate effects. We also show that optical properties of Saharan and Arabian dust are similar when comparing cases with equal pollution content.
Elena Bazo, Daniel Pérez-Ramírez, Antonio Valenzuela, J. Vanderlei Martins, Gloria Titos, Alberto Cazorla, Fernando Rejano, Diego Patrón, Arlett Díaz-Zurita, Francisco José García-Izquierdo, David Fuertes, Lucas Alados-Arboledas, and Francisco José Olmo
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 6325–6352, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-6325-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-6325-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
This works analyzes the aerosol scattering phase function for transported Saharan dust to the city of Granada – located in southwestern Europe. We use the novel technique polar imaging nephelometry that helps to determine the phase functions using a CMOS camera. The capability of measuring with polarized light helps to infer new properties about the mixture of Saharan dust particles with those of anthropogenic origin.
Xiaojing Shen, Quan Liu, Junying Sun, Wanlin Kong, Qianli Ma, Bing Qi, Lujie Han, Yangmei Zhang, Linlin Liang, Lei Liu, Shuo Liu, Xinyao Hu, Jiayuan Lu, Aoyuan Yu, Huizheng Che, and Xiaoye Zhang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 5711–5725, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-5711-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-5711-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
In this work, an automatic switched inlet system was developed and employed to investigate the aerosols and cloud droplets at a mountain site with frequent cloud processes. It showed different characteristics of cloud residual and interstitial particles. Stronger particle hygroscopicity reduced liquid water content and smaller cloud droplet diameters. This investigation contributes to understanding aerosol–cloud interactions by assessing the impact of aerosol particles on cloud microphysics.
Haifeng Yu, Yunhua Chang, Lin Cheng, Yusen Duan, and Jianlin Hu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 5355–5369, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-5355-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-5355-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
This study presents long-term measurements and comprehensive analysis of carbonaceous aerosols in fine particles in Shanghai. We further estimated primary and secondary carbon levels, examining their temporal variations on interannual, monthly, seasonal, and diurnal scales. Through rigorous statistical analysis and correlation studies with meteorological parameters and pollutant concentrations, the origins, formation mechanisms, and spatial distribution patterns of secondary organic carbon were elucidated.
Jieyao Liu, Fang Zhang, Jingye Ren, Lu Chen, Anran Zhang, Zhe Wang, Songjian Zou, Honghao Xu, and Xingyan Yue
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 5075–5086, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-5075-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-5075-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Particle mixing states and aging timescales are important for the evaluation of aerosol climate effects, but they are poorly parameterized in current models. We unravel the evolution of real-time mixing states and the aging timescale of size-resolved particles based on field measurements in urban Beijing. This study provides an observational basis for accurately parameterizing the aging timescale of aerosol particles in climate models.
Junlin Shen, Li Liu, Fengling Yuan, Biao Luo, Hongqing Qiao, Miaomiao Zhai, Gang Zhao, Hanbing Xu, Fei Li, Yu Zou, Tao Deng, Xuejiao Deng, and Ye Kuang
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-1410, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-1410, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
This study provides direct observational evidence that secondary organic aerosols have substantially higher real refractive indices than primary organic aerosols, challenging current model assumptions and offering recommended values that improve the accuracy of aerosol radiative effect simulations.
Yao Song, Jing Wei, Wenlong Zhao, Jinmei Ding, Xiangyu Pei, Fei Zhang, Zhengning Xu, Ruifang Shi, Ya Wei, Lu Zhang, Lingling Jin, and Zhibin Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 4755–4766, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-4755-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-4755-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
This study investigates the size-resolved effective density (ρeff) of aerosol particles in Hangzhou using a tandem aerodynamic aerosol classifier and scanning mobility particle sizer system. The ρeff values ranged from 1.47 to 1.63 g cm-3, increasing with particle diameter. The relationship between ρeff and the particle diameter varies due to differences in the chemical composition of the particles. A new method to derive the size-resolved chemical composition of particles from ρeff is proposed.
Jürgen Gratzl, Alexander Böhmländer, Sanna Pätsi, Clara-E. Pogner, Markus Gorfer, David Brus, Konstantino Matthaios Doulgeris, Florian Wieland, Eija Asmi, Annika Saarto, Ottmar Möhler, Dominik Stolzenburg, and Hinrich Grothe
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-1599, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-1599, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
We studied particles in the air over one year in the Finnish sub-Arctic to understand how biological particles affect ice formation in clouds. We found that fungal spores are the main contributors to ice formation at warmer temperatures. These particles are released locally and vary with weather. Our results also show that we know very little about which fungi can form ice in the atmosphere, highlighting a major gap in our understanding of how nature influences weather and climate.
Sihan Liu, Honglei Wang, Delong Zhao, Wei Zhou, Yuanmou Du, Zhengguo Zhang, Peng Cheng, Tianliang Zhao, Yue Ke, Zihao Wu, and Mengyu Huang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 4151–4165, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-4151-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-4151-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
To understand the effect of aerosols on the vertical distribution of stratocumulus microphysical quantities in southwest China, the daily variation characteristics and formation mechanism of the vertical profiles of stratocumulus microphysical characteristics in this region were described using the data of nine cloud-crossing aircraft observations over Guangxi from 10 October to 3 November 2020.
Denghui Ji, Mathias Palm, Matthias Buschmann, Kerstin Ebell, Marion Maturilli, Xiaoyu Sun, and Justus Notholt
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 3889–3904, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-3889-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-3889-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Our study explores how certain aerosols, like sea salt, affect infrared heat radiation in the Arctic, potentially speeding up warming. We used advanced technology to measure aerosol composition and found that these particles grow with humidity, significantly increasing their heat-trapping effect in the infrared region, especially in winter. Our findings suggest these aerosols could be a key factor in Arctic warming, emphasizing the importance of understanding aerosols for climate prediction.
E. Johanna Horchler, Joel Alroe, Luke Harrison, Luke Cravigan, Daniel P. Harrison, and Zoran D. Ristovski
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-465, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-465, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Aerosols play a role in global climate by interacting with incoming solar radiation and by taking up water vapour from the atmosphere to form clouds. Enhancing local-scale cloud cover can reduce sea surface temperatures. Coral bleaching events increased in the Great Barrier Reef (GBR) as sea surface temperatures rise. Our study found that the number of aerosols and the cloud forming ability over the GBR increased if the aerosols were transported from inland Australia rather than the ocean.
Haibiao Chen, Caiqing Yan, Liubin Huang, Lin Du, Yang Yue, Xinfeng Wang, Qingcai Chen, Mingjie Xie, Junwen Liu, Fengwen Wang, Shuhong Fang, Qiaoyun Yang, Hongya Niu, Mei Zheng, Yan Wu, and Likun Xue
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 3647–3667, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-3647-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-3647-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
A comprehensive understanding of the optical properties of brown carbon (BrC) is essential to accurately assess its climatic effects. Based on multi-site spectroscopic measurements, this study demonstrated the significant spatial heterogeneity in the optical and structural properties of water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC) in different regions of China and revealed factors affecting WSOC light absorption and the relationship between fluorophores and light absorption of WSOC.
Lingjun Li, Mengren Li, Xiaolong Fan, Yuping Chen, Ziyi Lin, Anqi Hou, Siqing Zhang, Ronghua Zheng, and Jinsheng Chen
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 3669–3685, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-3669-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-3669-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Here, we show differences and variations in the aerosol scattering hygroscopic growth factor (f(RH)) between new particle formation (NPF) and non-NPF days and the effect of aerosol chemical compositions on f(RH) in Xiamen with in situ observations. The findings are helpful for the further understanding of aerosol hygroscopicity in a coastal city and the use of hygroscopic growth factors in models of air quality and climate change.
Roman Pohorsky, Andrea Baccarini, Natalie Brett, Brice Barret, Slimane Bekki, Gianluca Pappaccogli, Elsa Dieudonné, Brice Temime-Roussel, Barbara D'Anna, Meeta Cesler-Maloney, Antonio Donateo, Stefano Decesari, Kathy S. Law, William R. Simpson, Javier Fochesatto, Steve R. Arnold, and Julia Schmale
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 3687–3715, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-3687-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-3687-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
This study presents an analysis of vertical measurements of pollution in an Alaskan city during winter. It investigates the relationship between the atmospheric structure and the layering of aerosols and trace gases. Results indicate an overall very shallow surface mixing layer. The height of this layer is strongly influenced by a local shallow wind. The study also provides information on the pollution chemical composition at different altitudes, including pollution signatures from power plants.
Aoyuan Yu, Xiaojing Shen, Qianli Ma, Jiayuan Lu, Xinyao Hu, Yangmei Zhang, Quan Liu, Linlin Liang, Lei Liu, Shuo Liu, Hongfei Tong, Huizheng Che, Xiaoye Zhang, and Junying Sun
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 3389–3412, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-3389-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-3389-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
In this work, we utilized a volatility hygroscopicity tandem differential mobility analyzer (VH-TDMA) to investigate, for the first time, the hygroscopicity and volatility of submicron aerosols, as well as their hygroscopicity after heating, in urban Beijing during the autumn of 2023. We analyzed the size-resolved characteristics of hygroscopicity and volatility, the relationship between hygroscopic and volatile properties, and the hygroscopicity of heated submicron aerosols.
Corina Wieber, Lasse Z. Jensen, Leendert Vergeynst, Lorenz Meire, Thomas Juul-Pedersen, Kai Finster, and Tina Šantl-Temkiv
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 3327–3346, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-3327-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-3327-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
The Arctic region is subject to profound changes due to a warming climate. Ice-nucleating particles (INPs) in the seawater can get transported to the atmosphere and impact cloud formation. However, the sources of characteristics of INPs in the marine areas are poorly understood. We investigated the INPs in seawater from Greenlandic fjords and identified a seasonal variability, with highly active INPs originating from terrestrial sources such as glacial and soil runoff.
Silke Groß, Volker Freudenthaler, Moritz Haarig, Albert Ansmann, Carlos Toledano, David Mateos, Petra Seibert, Rodanthi-Elisavet Mamouri, Argyro Nisantzi, Josef Gasteiger, Maximilian Dollner, Anne Tipka, Manuel Schöberl, Marilena Teri, and Bernadett Weinzierl
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 3191–3211, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-3191-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-3191-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Aerosols contribute to the largest uncertainties in climate change predictions. The eastern Mediterranean is a hotspot for aerosols with natural and anthropogenic contributions. We present lidar measurements performed during A-LIFE (Absorbing aerosol layers in a changing climate: aging, lifetime and dynamics) to characterize aerosols and aerosol mixtures. We extend current lidar classification and separation schemes and compare them to classification schemes using different methods.
Ludovico Di Antonio, Claudia Di Biagio, Paola Formenti, Aline Gratien, Vincent Michoud, Christopher Cantrell, Astrid Bauville, Antonin Bergé, Mathieu Cazaunau, Servanne Chevaillier, Manuela Cirtog, Patrice Coll, Barbara D'Anna, Joel F. de Brito, David O. De Haan, Juliette R. Dignum, Shravan Deshmukh, Olivier Favez, Pierre-Marie Flaud, Cecile Gaimoz, Lelia N. Hawkins, Julien Kammer, Brigitte Language, Franck Maisonneuve, Griša Močnik, Emilie Perraudin, Jean-Eudes Petit, Prodip Acharja, Laurent Poulain, Pauline Pouyes, Eva Drew Pronovost, Véronique Riffault, Kanuri I. Roundtree, Marwa Shahin, Guillaume Siour, Eric Villenave, Pascal Zapf, Gilles Foret, Jean-François Doussin, and Matthias Beekmann
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 3161–3189, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-3161-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-3161-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
The spectral complex refractive index (CRI) and single scattering albedo were retrieved from submicron aerosol measurements at three sites within the greater Paris area during the ACROSS field campaign (June–July 2022). Measurements revealed urban emission impact on surrounding areas. CRI full period averages at 520 nm were 1.41 – 0.037i (urban), 1.52 – 0.038i (peri-urban), and 1.50 – 0.025i (rural). Organic aerosols dominated the aerosol mass and contributed up to 22 % of absorption at 370 nm.
Leah D. Gibson, Ezra J. T. Levin, Ethan Emerson, Nick Good, Anna Hodshire, Gavin McMeeking, Kate Patterson, Bryan Rainwater, Tom Ramin, and Ben Swanson
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 2745–2762, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-2745-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-2745-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
From fall 2021 to summer 2023, SAIL-Net, a network of six aerosol measurement nodes, was deployed in the East River watershed (Colorado, USA) to study aerosol variability across space and time in mountainous terrain. We found that aerosol variability is influenced by elevation differences, with the most representative site in the region changing seasonally, suggesting aerosol spatial variability also varies seasonally. This work offers a blueprint for future studies in other mountainous regions.
Tahereh Alinejadtabrizi, Yi Huang, Francisco Lang, Steven Siems, Michael Manton, Luis Ackermann, Melita Keywood, Ruhi Humphries, Paul Krummel, Alastair Williams, and Greg Ayers
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 2631–2648, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-2631-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-2631-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Clouds over the Southern Ocean are crucial to Earth's energy balance, but understanding the factors that control them is complex. Our research examines how weather patterns affect tiny particles called cloud condensation nuclei (CCN), which influence cloud properties. Using data from Kennaook / Cape Grim, we found that winter air from Antarctica brings cleaner conditions with lower CCN, while summer patterns from Australia transport more particles. Precipitation also helps reduce CCN in winter.
Hengjia Ou, Mingfu Cai, Yongyun Zhang, Xue Ni, Baoling Liang, Qibin Sun, Shixin Mai, Cuizhi Sun, Shengzhen Zhou, Haichao Wang, Jiaren Sun, and Jun Zhao
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 2495–2513, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-2495-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-2495-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Two shipborne observations in the South China Sea (SCS) in summer and winter 2021 were conducted. Our study found aerosol hygroscopicity is higher in the SCS in summer than winter, with significant influences from various terrestrial air masses. Aerosol size distribution had a stronger effect on activation ratio than aerosol hygroscopicity in summer and vice versa in winter. Our study provides valuable information to enhance our understanding of cloud condensation nuclei activities in the SCS.
Jorge Rosas Santana, Gabriela Lima da Silva, Marcia Akemi Yamasoe, and Nilton Èvora do Rosario
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-9, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-9, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
This study examines a rare event in São Paulo, Brazil, where wildfire smoke from South America mixed with clouds, causing midday darkness on 19 August 2019. Satellite data, surface measurements, and air mass modeling tracked the smoke from fires in Brazil, Bolivia, and Paraguay, transported to São Paulo within two days. The smoke-cloud interaction reduced surface irradiance to zero for 40 minutes and increased radiative efficiency by 7 %, highlighting impacts on air quality, energy, and climate.
Tinghan Zhang, Ximeng Qi, Janne Lampilahti, Liangduo Chen, Xuguang Chi, Wei Nie, Xin Huang, Zehao Zou, Wei Du, Tom Kokkonen, Tuukka Petäjä, Katrianne Lehtipalo, Veli-Matti Kerminen, Aijun Ding, and Markku Kulmala
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3370, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3370, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
By comparing air ions at two “flagship” sites —the SMEAR II site in the boreal forest of Finland and the SORPES site in a megacity in eastern China—we characterized ion concentrations and their roles in new particle formation (NPF) across contrasting environments. The ion-induced fraction was much higher in clean areas. However, earlier activation of charged particles and high ion-induced fraction during quiet NPF at SORPES imply a non-negligible role for ion-induced NPF in polluted areas.
Irena Ježek Brecelj, Asta Gregorič, Lucijan Zgonik, Tjaša Rutar, Matic Ivančič, Balint Alfoldy, Griša Močnik, and Martin Rigler
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3553, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3553, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Following a major car industry scandal involving diesel emissions tests, Europe introduced new testing procedures. However, concerns remained about their effectiveness. Our independent study examined real-world vehicle emissions and revealed encouraging findings: modern diesel cars perform as well as, or even better than, gasoline cars in terms of nitrogen oxides emissions. We found the same pattern for soot particles, challenging common perceptions about diesel's environmental impact.
Kevin R. Barry, Thomas C. J. Hill, Sonia M. Kreidenweis, Paul J. DeMott, Yutaka Tobo, and Jessie M. Creamean
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-128, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-128, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
The Arctic is changing rapidly, and we sought to better understand how their clouds may change in the future through quantifying the natural cloud seeding particles over a year and uncover what they are made of. We wanted to determine their likely sources through concurrent DNA sequencing of airborne bacteria and fungi and found a persistent mixture of local and longer-range sources at all times.
Bighnaraj Sarangi, Darrel Baumgardner, Ana Isabel Calvo, Benjamin Bolaños-Rosero, Roberto Fraile, Alberto Rodríguez-Fernández, Delia Fernández-González, Carlos Blanco-Alegre, Cátia Gonçalves, Estela D. Vicente, and Olga L. Mayol-Bracero
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 843–865, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-843-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-843-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Measurements of fluorescing aerosol particle properties have been made during two major African dust events, one over the island of Puerto Rico and the other over the city of León, Spain. The measurements were made with two wideband integrated bioaerosol spectrometers. A significant change in the background aerosol properties, at both locations, is observed when the dust is in the respective regions.
Lijing Chen, Lei Zhang, Yong She, Zhaoliang Zeng, Yu Zheng, Biao Tian, Wenqian Zhang, Zhaohui Liu, Huizheng Che, and Minghu Ding
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 727–739, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-727-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-727-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Aerosol optical depth (AOD) at Zhongshan Station varies seasonally, with lower values in summer and higher values in winter. Winter and spring AOD increases due to reduced fine-mode particles, while summer and autumn increases are linked to particle growth. Diurnal AOD variation correlates positively with temperature but negatively with wind speed and humidity. Backward trajectories show that aerosols on high-AOD (low-AOD) days primarily originate from the ocean (interior Antarctica).
Shravan Deshmukh, Laurent Poulain, Birgit Wehner, Silvia Henning, Jean-Eudes Petit, Pauline Fombelle, Olivier Favez, Hartmut Herrmann, and Mira Pöhlker
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 741–758, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-741-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-741-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Aerosol hygroscopicity has been investigated at a sub-urban site in Paris; analysis shows the sub-saturated regime's measured hygroscopicity and the chemically derived hygroscopic growth, shedding light on the large effect of external particle mixing and its influence on predicting hygroscopicity.
Takeshi Kinase, Fumikazu Taketani, Masayuki Takigawa, Chunmao Zhu, Yongwon Kim, Petr Mordovskoi, and Yugo Kanaya
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 143–156, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-143-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-143-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Boreal forest wildfires in interior Alaska represent an important black carbon (BC) source for the Arctic and surrounding regions. We observed BC and carbon monoxide (CO) concentrations in the Poker Flat Research Range since 2016 and found a positive correlation between the observed BC / ∆CO ratio and fire radiative power (FRP) observed in Alaska and Canada. Our finding suggests the BC emission factor and/or inventory could be potentially improved by using FRP.
Meredith Dournaux, Pierre Tulet, Joris Pianezze, Jérome Brioude, Jean-Marc Metzger, and Melilotus Thyssen
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3747, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3747, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Aerosol measurements collected during six oceanographic campaigns carried out in 2021 and 2023 in the southwest Indian Ocean are presented and analyzed in this paper. The results highlight a large variability in the aerosol concentration, size and water vapor affinity depending on in-situ conditions and air mass transport over the ocean. Marine aerosol chemical composition is highly variable over this region, and should be considered to better study their impacts on regional weather and climate.
Erin N. Raif, Sarah L. Barr, Mark D. Tarn, James B. McQuaid, Martin I. Daily, Steven J. Abel, Paul A. Barrett, Keith N. Bower, Paul R. Field, Kenneth S. Carslaw, and Benjamin J. Murray
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 14045–14072, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-14045-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-14045-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Ice-nucleating particles (INPs) allow ice to form in clouds at temperatures warmer than −35°C. We measured INP concentrations over the Norwegian and Barents seas in weather events where cold air is ejected from the Arctic. These concentrations were among the highest measured in the Arctic. It is likely that the INPs were transported to the Arctic from distant regions. These results show it is important to consider hemispheric-scale INP processes to understand INP concentrations in the Arctic.
Fernando Rejano, Andrea Casans, Marta Via, Juan Andrés Casquero-Vera, Sonia Castillo, Hassan Lyamani, Alberto Cazorla, Elisabeth Andrews, Daniel Pérez-Ramírez, Andrés Alastuey, Francisco Javier Gómez-Moreno, Lucas Alados-Arboledas, Francisco José Olmo, and Gloria Titos
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 13865–13888, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-13865-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-13865-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study provides valuable insights to improve cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) estimations at a high-altitude remote site which is influenced by nearby urban pollution. Understanding the factors that affect CCN estimations is essential to improve the CCN data coverage worldwide and assess aerosol–cloud interactions on a global scale. This is crucial for improving climate models, since aerosol–cloud interactions are the most important source of uncertainty in climate projections.
Haochi Che, Lu Zhang, Michal Segal-Rozenhaimer, Caroline Dang, Paquita Zuidema, and Arthur J. Sedlacek III
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3304, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3304, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We investigated how biomass burning (BB) affects cloud formation in the southeast Atlantic. We found that aerosol hygroscopicity, which influences cloud droplet formation, varied monthly and differed significantly between 2016 and 2017, due to changes in sulfate aerosols. These changes were driven by BB burning conditions, which were likely influenced by meteorological factors. This study highlights the important role of BB in shaping aerosol properties and clouds in the region.
Lu Zhang, Michal Segal-Rozenhaimer, Haochi Che, Caroline Dang, Junying Sun, Ye Kuang, Paola Formenti, and Steven G. Howell
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 13849–13864, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-13849-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-13849-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Using airborne measurements over the southeast Atlantic Ocean, we examined how much moisture aerosols take up during Africa’s biomass burning season. Our study revealed the important role of organic aerosols and introduced a predictive model for moisture uptake, accounting for organics, sulfate, and black carbon, summarizing results from various campaigns. These findings improve our understanding of aerosol–moisture interactions and their radiative effects in this climatically critical region.
Mary C. Robinson, Kaitlin Schueth, and Karin Ardon-Dryer
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 13733–13750, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-13733-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-13733-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
On 26 February 2023, New Mexico and West Texas were impacted by a severe dust storm. To analyze this storm, 28 meteorological stations and 19 PM2.5 and PM10 stations were used. Dust particles were in the air for 16 h, and dust storm conditions lasted for up to 120 min. Hourly PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations were up to 518 and 9983 µg m−3, respectively. For Lubbock, Texas, the maximum PM2.5 concentrations were the highest ever recorded.
Jerome D. Fast, Adam C. Varble, Fan Mei, Mikhail Pekour, Jason Tomlinson, Alla Zelenyuk, Art J. Sedlacek III, Maria Zawadowicz, and Louisa Emmons
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 13477–13502, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-13477-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-13477-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Aerosol property measurements recently collected on the ground and by a research aircraft in central Argentina during the Cloud, Aerosol, and Complex Terrain Interactions (CACTI) campaign exhibit large spatial and temporal variability. These measurements coupled with coincident meteorological information provide a valuable data set needed to evaluate and improve model predictions of aerosols in a traditionally data-sparse region of South America.
Julika Zinke, Gabriel Pereira Freitas, Rachel Ann Foster, Paul Zieger, Ernst Douglas Nilsson, Piotr Markuszewski, and Matthew Edward Salter
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 13413–13428, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-13413-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-13413-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Bioaerosols, which can influence climate and human health, were studied in the Baltic Sea. In May and August 2021, we used a sea spray simulation chamber during two ship-based campaigns to collect and measure these aerosols. We found that microbes were enriched in air compared to seawater. Bacterial diversity was analysed using DNA sequencing. Our methods provided consistent estimates of microbial emission fluxes, aligning with previous studies.
Chimurkar Navinya, Taveen Singh Kapoor, Gupta Anurag, Chandra Venkataraman, Harish C. Phuleria, and Rajan K. Chakrabarty
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 13285–13297, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-13285-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-13285-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Brown carbon (BrC) aerosols show an order-of-magnitude variation in their light absorption strength. Our understanding of BrC from real-world biomass burning remains limited, complicating the determination of its radiative impact. Our study reports absorption properties of BrC emitted from four major biomass burning sources using field measurements in India. It develops an absorption parameterization for BrC and examines the spatial variability in BrC's absorption strength across India.
Yuhang Hao, Peizhao Li, Yafeng Gou, Zhenshuai Wang, Mi Tian, Yang Chen, Ye Kuang, Hanbing Xu, Fenglian Wan, Yuqian Luo, Wei Huang, and Jing Chen
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3242, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3242, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Intensified heatwaves with the global warming have influenced new particle formation (NPF) and related aerosol physicochemical properties. We show that aerosol optical hygroscopicity (f(RH)) was generally higher on NPF event days than non-event cases, likely due to enhanced secondary formation and subsequent growth of both pre-existing and newly formed particles with stronger photooxidation specifically under persistent heatwaves. This would further impact the aerosol direct radiative forcing.
Rafael Stern, Joel F. de Brito, Samara Carbone, Luciana Varanda Rizzo, Jonathan Daniel Muller, and Paulo Artaxo
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3339, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3339, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Our work reveals the impact of forest fires on climate. We found that particles related to direct emissions from fires, beyond the well-known effect of absorbing light and thus heating the atmosphere, are also very efficient in scattering light, which causes an atmospheric cooling effect. In our remote study site, most of the particles presented a different chemical composition then particles directly emitted by the fires, but those were the main responsible for total light extinction.
Sami D. Harni, Minna Aurela, Sanna Saarikoski, Jarkko V. Niemi, Harri Portin, Hanna Manninen, Ville Leinonen, Pasi Aalto, Phil K. Hopke, Tuukka Petäjä, Topi Rönkkö, and Hilkka Timonen
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 12143–12160, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-12143-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-12143-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
In this study, particle number size distribution data were used in a novel way in positive matrix factorization analysis to find aerosol source profiles in the area. Measurements were made in Helsinki at a street canyon and urban background sites between February 2015 and June 2019. Five different aerosol sources were identified. These sources underline the significance of traffic-related emissions in urban environments despite recent improvements in emission reduction technologies.
Natalie G. Ratcliffe, Claire L. Ryder, Nicolas Bellouin, Stephanie Woodward, Anthony Jones, Ben Johnson, Lisa-Maria Wieland, Maximilian Dollner, Josef Gasteiger, and Bernadett Weinzierl
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 12161–12181, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-12161-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-12161-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Large mineral dust particles are more abundant in the atmosphere than expected and have different impacts on the environment than small particles, which are better represented in climate models. We use aircraft measurements to assess a climate model representation of large-dust transport. We find that the model underestimates the amount of large dust at all stages of transport and that fast removal of the large particles increases this underestimation with distance from the Sahara.
Sergio Rodríguez and Jessica López-Darias
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 12031–12053, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-12031-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-12031-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Extreme Saharan dust events expanded northward to the Atlantic and Europe, prompting record-breaking PM10 and PM2.5 events. These episodes are caused by low-to-high dipole meteorology during hemispheric anomalies characterized by subtropical anticyclones shifting to higher latitudes, anomalous low pressures beyond the tropics and amplified Rossby waves. Extreme dust events occur in a paradoxical context of a multidecadal decrease in dust emissions, a topic that requires further investigation.
Valeria Mardoñez-Balderrama, Griša Močnik, Marco Pandolfi, Robin L. Modini, Fernando Velarde, Laura Renzi, Angela Marinoni, Jean-Luc Jaffrezo, Isabel Moreno R., Diego Aliaga, Federico Bianchi, Claudia Mohr, Martin Gysel-Beer, Patrick Ginot, Radovan Krejci, Alfred Wiedensohler, Gaëlle Uzu, Marcos Andrade, and Paolo Laj
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 12055–12077, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-12055-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-12055-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Levels of black carbon (BC) are scarcely reported in the Southern Hemisphere, especially in high-altitude conditions. This study provides insight into the concentration level, variability, and optical properties of BC in La Paz and El Alto and at the Chacaltaya Global Atmosphere Watch Station. Two methods of source apportionment of absorption were tested and compared showing traffic as the main contributor to absorption in the urban area, in addition to biomass and open waste burning.
Krishnakant Budhavant, Mohanan Remani Manoj, Hari Ram Chandrika Rajendran Nair, Samuel Mwaniki Gaita, Henry Holmstrand, Abdus Salam, Ahmed Muslim, Sreedharan Krishnakumari Satheesh, and Örjan Gustafsson
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 11911–11925, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-11911-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-11911-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The South Asian Pollution Experiment 2018 used access to three strategically located receptor observatories. Observational constraints revealed opposing trends in the mass absorption cross sections of black carbon (BC MAC) and brown carbon (BrC MAC) during long-range transport. Models estimating the climate effects of BC aerosols may have underestimated the ambient BC MAC over distant receptor areas, leading to discrepancies in aerosol absorption predicted by observation-constrained models.
Abigail S. Williams, Jeramy L. Dedrick, Lynn M. Russell, Florian Tornow, Israel Silber, Ann M. Fridlind, Benjamin Swanson, Paul J. DeMott, Paul Zieger, and Radovan Krejci
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 11791–11805, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-11791-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-11791-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The measured aerosol size distribution modes reveal distinct properties characteristic of cold-air outbreaks in the Norwegian Arctic. We find higher sea spray number concentrations, smaller Hoppel minima, lower effective supersaturations, and accumulation-mode particle scavenging during cold-air outbreaks. These results advance our understanding of cold-air outbreak aerosol–cloud interactions in order to improve their accurate representation in models.
Franziska Vogel, Michael P. Adams, Larissa Lacher, Polly B. Foster, Grace C. E. Porter, Barbara Bertozzi, Kristina Höhler, Julia Schneider, Tobias Schorr, Nsikanabasi S. Umo, Jens Nadolny, Zoé Brasseur, Paavo Heikkilä, Erik S. Thomson, Nicole Büttner, Martin I. Daily, Romy Fösig, Alexander D. Harrison, Jorma Keskinen, Ulrike Proske, Jonathan Duplissy, Markku Kulmala, Tuukka Petäjä, Ottmar Möhler, and Benjamin J. Murray
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 11737–11757, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-11737-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-11737-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Primary ice formation in clouds strongly influences their properties; hence, it is important to understand the sources of ice-nucleating particles (INPs) and their variability. We present 2 months of INP measurements in a Finnish boreal forest using a new semi-autonomous INP counting device based on gas expansion. These results show strong variability in INP concentrations, and we present a case that the INPs we observe are, at least some of the time, of biological origin.
Cited articles
Ackerman, A. S., Toon, O., Stevens, D., Heymsfield, A., Ramanathan, V., and
Welton, E.: Reduction of tropical cloudiness by soot, Science, 288,
1042–1047, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.288.5468.1042, 2000.
Anenberg, S. C., Talgo, K., Arunachalam, S., Dolwick, P., Jang, C., and West, J. J.: Impacts of global, regional, and sectoral black carbon emission reductions on surface air quality and human mortality, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 7253–7267, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-7253-2011, 2011.
Arun, B. S., Aswini, A. R., Gogoi, M. M., Hegde, P., Kompalli, S. K.,
Sharma, P., and Babu, S. S.: Physico-chemical and optical properties of
aerosols at a background site (∼ 4 km a.s.l.) in the western
Himalayas, Atmos. Environ., 218, 117017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2019.117017, 2019.
Arun, B. S., Gogoi, M. M., Hegde, P., Borgohain, A., Boreddy, S. K., Kundu,
S. S., and Babu, S. S.: Carbonaceous Aerosols over Lachung in the Eastern
Himalayas: Primary Sources and Secondary Formation of Organic Aerosols in a
Remote High-Altitude Environment, ACS Earth and Space Chemistry, 5,
2493–2506, 2021.
Babu, S. S. and Moorthy, K. K.: Anthropogenic impact on aerosol black carbon
mass concentration at a tropical coastal station: A case study, Curr.
Sci., 81, 1208–1214,
2001.
Babu, S. S. and Moorthy, K. K.: Aerosol black carbon over a tropical coastal
station in India, Geophys. Res. Lett., 29, 1311–1314, 2002.
Babu, S. S., Moorthy, K. K., and Satheesh, S. K.: Aerosol black carbon over
Arabian Sea during intermonsoon and summer monsoon seasons, Geophys. Res. Lett., 31, L06104, https://doi.org/10.1029/2003GL018716, 2004.
Babu, S. S., Satheesh, S. K., Moorthy, K. K., Dutt, C. B. S., Nair, V. S.,
Alappattu, D. P., and Kunhikrishnan, P.: Aircraft measurements of aerosol
black carbon from a coastal location in the north-east part of peninsular
India during ICARB, J. Earth Syst. Sci., 117, 263–271,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12040-008-0030-1, 2008.
Babu, S. S., Moorthy, K. K., and Satheesh, S. K.: Vertical and horizontal
gradients in aerosol black carbon and its mass fraction to composite
aerosols over the east coast of Peninsular India from Aircraft measurements,
Adv. Meteorol., 2010, 812075, https://doi.org/10.1155/2010/812075, 2010.
Babu, S. S., Moorthy, K. K., Manchanda, R. K., Sinha, P. R., Satheesh, S.
K., Vajja, D. P., Srinivasan, S., and Kumar, V. A.: Free tropospheric black
carbon aerosol measurements using high altitude balloon: Do BC layers build
“their own homes” up in the atmosphere?, Geophys. Res. Lett., 38, L08803,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2011GL046654, 2011a.
Babu, S. S., Chaubey, J. P., Moorthy, K. K., Gogoi, M. M., Kompalli, S. K.,
Sreekanth, V., Bagare, S., Bhatt, B. C., Gaur, V. K., and Prabhu, T. P.:
High altitude (∼ 4520 m a.m.s.l.) measurements of black carbon aerosols
over western trans-Himalayas: Seasonal heterogeneity and source
apportionment, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 116, D24201,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2011JD016722, 2011b.
Babu, S. S., Nair, V. S., Gogoi, M. M., and Moorthy, K. K.: Seasonal
variation of vertical distribution of aerosol single scattering albedo over
Indian sub-continent: RAWEX aircraft observations, Atmos. Environ.,
125, 312–323, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2015.09.041, 2016.
Badarinath, K., Latha, K. M., Chand, T. K., Gupta, P. K., Ghosh, A., Jain,
S., Gera, B., Singh, R., Sarkar, A., and Singh, N.: Characterization of
aerosols from biomass burning – a case study from Mizoram (Northeast),
India, Chemosphere, 54, 167–175,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2003.08.032, 2004.
Bali, K., Mishra, A. K., and Singh, S.: Impact of anomalous forest fire on
aerosol radiative forcing and snow cover over Himalayan region, Atmos. Environ., 150, 264–275, https://doi.org/10.1016/J.ATMOSENV.2016.11.061,
2017.
Banerjee, P., Satheesh, S. K., Moorthy, K. K., Nanjundiah, R. S., and Nair,
V. S.: Long-range transport of mineral dust to the northeast Indian Ocean:
Regional versus remote sources and the implications, J. Climate, 32,
1525–1549, 2019.
Beegum, S. N., Moorthy, K. K., Babu, S. S., Satheesh, S. K., Vinoj, V.,
Badarinath, K., Safai, P., Devara, P., Singh, S., and Dumka, U.: Spatial
distribution of aerosol black carbon over India during pre-monsoon season,
Atmos. Environ., 43, 1071–1078,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2008.11.042, 2009.
Benedetti, A. and Fisher, M.: Background error statistics for aerosols,
Q. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 133,
391–405, https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.37, 2007.
Benedetti, A., Morcrette, J. J., Boucher, O., Dethof, A., Engelen, R.,
Fisher, M., Flentje, H., Huneeus, N., Jones, L., and Kaiser, J.: Aerosol
analysis and forecast in the European centre for medium-range weather
forecasts integrated forecast system: 2. Data assimilation, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 114, D13205, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008JD011115, 2009.
Bond, T. C., Doherty, S. J., Fahey, D. W., Forster, P. M., Berntsen, T.,
DeAngelo, B. J., Flanner, M. G., Ghan, S., Kärcher, B., and Koch, D.:
Bounding the role of black carbon in the climate system: A scientific
assessment, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 118, 5380–5552,
https://doi.org/10.1002/jgrd.50171, 2013.
Chin, M., Diehl, T., Ginoux, P., and Malm, W.: Intercontinental transport of pollution and dust aerosols: implications for regional air quality, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 5501–5517, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-7-5501-2007, 2007.
Chinnam, N., Dey, S., Tripathi, S., and Sharma, M.: Dust events in Kanpur,
northern India: Chemical evidence for source and implications to radiative
forcing, Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, L08803, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005GL025278, 2006.
Chuang, C. C., Penner, J. E., Prospero, J. M., Grant, K. E., Rau, G. H., and
Kawamoto, K.: Cloud susceptibility and the first aerosol indirect forcing:
Sensitivity to black carbon and aerosol concentrations, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 107, AAC 10-11–AAC 10-23,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2000JD000215, 2002.
Chung, C. E., Ramanathan, V., Kim, D., and Podgorny, I.: Global
anthropogenic aerosol direct forcing derived from satellite and ground-based
observations, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 110, D24207,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2005JD006356, 2005.
Clarke, A., Shinozuka, Y., Kapustin, V., Howell, S., Huebert, B., Doherty,
S., Anderson, T., Covert, D., Anderson, J., and Hua, X.: Size distributions
and mixtures of dust and black carbon aerosol in Asian outflow:
Physiochemistry and optical properties, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 109, D15S09, https://doi.org/10.1029/2003JD004378, 2004.
Cressman, G. P.: An operational objective analysis system, Mon. Weather
Rev., 87, 367–374,
https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0493(1959)087{%}3C0367:AOOAS{%}3E2.0.CO;2,
1959.
De Laat, A., Stein Zweers, D. C., Boers, R., and Tuinder, O. N.: A solar
escalator: Observational evidence of the self-lifting of smoke and aerosols
by absorption of solar radiation in the February 2009 Australian Black
Saturday plume, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 117, D04204, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011JD017016, 2012.
Dey, S. and Di Girolamo, L.: A climatology of aerosol optical and
microphysical properties over the Indian subcontinent from 9 years
(2000–2008) of Multiangle Imaging Spectroradiometer (MISR) data, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 115, D15204,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2009JD013395, 2010.
Di Girolamo, L., Bond, T., Bramer, D., Diner, D., Fettinger, F., Kahn, R.,
Martonchik, J., Ramana, M., Ramanathan, V., and Rasch, P.: Analysis of
Multi-angle Imaging SpectroRadiometer (MISR) aerosol optical 17 depths over
greater India during winter 2001–2004, Geophys. Res. Lett., 31, L23115,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2004GL021273, 2004.
Doglioni, G., Aquila, V., Das, S., Colarco, P. R., and Zardi, D.: Dynamical perturbation of the stratosphere by a pyrocumulonimbus injection of carbonaceous aerosols, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 11049–11064, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-11049-2022, 2022.
Dumka, U., Moorthy, K. K., Kumar, R., Hegde, P., Sagar, R., Pant, P., Singh,
N., and Babu, S. S.: Characteristics of aerosol black carbon mass
concentration over a high altitude location in the Central Himalayas from
multiyear measurements, Atmos. Res., 96, 510–521,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2009.12.010, 2010.
Eswaran, K., Satheesh, S. K., and Srinivasan, J.: Multi-satellite retrieval of single scattering albedo using the OMI–MODIS algorithm, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 3307–3324, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-3307-2019, 2019.
Evan, A., Kossin, J., Chung, C., and Ramanathan, V.: Strengthening of
Arabian Sea tropical cyclones and the South Asian atmospheric brown cloud,
Nature, 479, 94–97, 2011.
Fadnavis, S., Kalita, G., Kumar, K. R., Gasparini, B., and Li, J.-L. F.: Potential impact of carbonaceous aerosol on the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UTLS) and precipitation during Asian summer monsoon in a global model simulation, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 11637–11654, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-11637-2017, 2017.
Fadnavis, S., Chavan, P., Joshi, A., Sonbawne, S. M., Acharya, A., Devara, P. C. S., Rap, A., Ploeger, F., and Müller, R.: Tropospheric warming over the northern Indian Ocean caused by South Asian anthropogenic aerosols: possible impact on the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 7179–7191, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-7179-2022, 2022.
Forbes, M. S., Raison, R. J., and Skjemstad, J.: Formation, transformation
and transport of black carbon (charcoal) in terrestrial and aquatic
ecosystems, Sci. Total Environ., 370, 190–206,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2006.06.007, 2006.
Gautam, R., Hsu, N. C., Tsay, S. C., Lau, K. M., Holben, B., Bell, S., Smirnov, A., Li, C., Hansell, R., Ji, Q., Payra, S., Aryal, D., Kayastha, R., and Kim, K. M.: Accumulation of aerosols over the Indo-Gangetic plains and southern slopes of the Himalayas: distribution, properties and radiative effects during the 2009 pre-monsoon season, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 12841–12863, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-12841-2011, 2011.
Gelaro, R., McCarty, W., Suárez, M. J., Todling, R., Molod, A., Takacs,
L., Randles, C. A., Darmenov, A., Bosilovich, M. G., and Reichle, R.: The
modern-era retrospective analysis for research and applications, version 2
(MERRA-2), J. Climate, 30, 5419–5454, 2017.
Gogoi, M. M., Babu, S. S., Moorthy, K. K., Thakur, R. C., Chaubey, J. P.,
and Nair, V. S.: Aerosol black carbon over Svalbard regions of Arctic, Polar
Sci., 10, 60–70, 2016.
Gogoi, M. M., Babu, S. S., Arun, B. S., Krishna Moorthy, K., Ajay, A., Ajay, P., Suryavanshi, A., Borgohain, A., Guha, A., Shaikh, A., and Pathak, B.: Response of ambient BC concentration across the Indian region to the nationwide lockdown: Results from the ARFINET measurements of ISRO-GBP, Curr. Sci., 120, 341–351, https://doi.org/10.18520/cs/v120/i2/341-351, 2021.
Govardhan, G., Satheesh, S. K., Nanjundiah, R., Moorthy, K. K., and Babu, S. S.: Possible climatic implications of high-altitude black carbon emissions, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 9623–9644, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-9623-2017, 2017.
Grieshop, A. P., Reynolds, C. C., Kandlikar, M., and Dowlatabadi, H.: A
black-carbon mitigation wedge, Nat. Geosci., 2, 533–534,
http://https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-2423-2013, 2009.
Hansen, A., Rosen, H., and Novakov, T.: The aethalometer – an instrument for
the real-time measurement of optical absorption by aerosol particles,
Sci. Total Environ., 36, 191–196,
https://doi.org/10.1016/0048-9697(84)90265-1, 1984.
Hansen, A. D. A. and Novakov, T.: Real-Time Measurement of Aerosol Black
Carbon During the Carbonaceous Species Methods Comparison Study, Aerosol
Sci. Tech., 12, 194–199,
https://doi.org/10.1080/02786829008959339, 1990.
Haywood, J. and Shine, K.: Multi-spectral calculations of the direct
radiative forcing of tropospheric sulphate and soot aerosols using a column
model, Q. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 123, 1907,
https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.49712354307, 1997.
Hess, M., Koepke, P., and Schult, I.: Optical properties of aerosols and
clouds: The software package OPAC, B. Am. Meteorol.
Soc., 79, 831–844, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0477(1998)079{%}3C0831:OPOAAC{%}3E2.0.CO;2, 1998.
Jain, N., Bhatia, A., and Pathak, H.: Emission of air pollutants from CRB
in India, Aerosol Air Qual. Res., 14, 422–430, 2014.
Kahnert, M.: Variational data analysis of aerosol species in a regional CTM:
background error covariance constraint and aerosol optical observation
operators, Tellus B, 60, 753–770,
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0889.2008.00377.x, 2008.
Kala, N. K., Anand, N. S., Manoj, M. R., Pathak, H. S., Moorthy, K. K., and Satheesh, S. K.: Zonal variations in the vertical distribution of atmospheric aerosols over the Indian region and the consequent radiative effects, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 6067–6085, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-6067-2022, 2022.
Kalnay, E.: Atmospheric modeling, data assimilation and predictability,
Cambridge University Press, https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511802270, 2003.
Kaskaoutis, D. G., Kumar, S., Sharma, D., Singh, R. P., Kharol, S.
K., and Sharma, M.: Effects of CRB on aerosol properties, plume characteristics,
and long-range transport over northern India, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 119, 5424–5444, 2014.
Kaufman, Y. J., Koren, I., Remer, L. A., Rosenfeld, D., and Rudich, Y.: The effect of smoke, dust, and pollution aerosol on shallow cloud development over the Atlantic Ocean, P. Natl. Acad. Sci., 102, 11207–11212, 2005.
Keil, A., Wendisch, M., and Brüggemann, E.: Measured profiles of aerosol
particle absorption and its influence on clear-sky solar radiative forcing,
J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 106, 1237–1247,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2002JD002315, 2001.
Kharol, S. K. and Badarinath, K.: Impact of biomass burning on aerosol
properties over tropical urban region of Hyderabad, India, Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, L20801, https://doi.org/10.1029/2006GL026759, 2006.
Khaykin, S., Legras, B., Bucci, S., Sellitto, P., Isaksen, L., Tence, F.,
Bekki, S., Bourassa, A., Rieger, L., and Zawada, D.: The 2019/20 Australian
wildfires generated a persistent smoke-charged vortex rising up to 35 km altitude, Communications Earth Environment, 1, 22, https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-020-00022-5, 2020.
Kompalli, S. K., Babu, S. S., Bharatan, L. N., and Moorthy, K. K.:
Spring-time enhancement in aerosol burden over a high-altitude location in
western trans-Himalaya: results from long-term observations, Curr.
Sci. India, 111, 117–131, 2016.
Kulkarni, J. R., Maheskumar, R. S., Morwal, S. B., Kumari, B. P., Konwar, M.,
Deshpande, C. G., Joshi, R. R., Bhalwankar, R. V., Pandithurai, G., Safai, P. D.,
and Narkhedkar, S. G.:. The cloud aerosol interaction and precipitation
enhancement experiment (CAIPEEX): overview and preliminary results, Curr.
Sci., 102, 413–425, 2012.
Kumar, R. R., Soni, V. K., and Jain, M. K.: Evaluation of spatial and
temporal heterogeneity of black carbon aerosol mass concentration over India
using three year measurements from IMD BC observation network, Sci. Total Environ., 723, 138060,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138060, 2020.
Lau, K., Kim, M., and Kim, K.: Asian summer monsoon anomalies induced by
aerosol direct forcing: the role of the Tibetan Plateau, Clim. Dynam.,
26, 855–864, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-006-0114-z, 2006.
Lau, W. K. and Kim, K. M.: Recent trends in transport of surface
carbonaceous aerosols to the upper-troposphere-lower-stratosphere linked to
expansion of the Asian Summer Monsoon Anticyclone, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 127, e2022JD036460, https://doi.org/10.1029/2022JD036460 2022.
Lawrence, M. G. and Lelieveld, J.: Atmospheric pollutant outflow from southern Asia: a review, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 11017–11096, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-11017-2010, 2010.
Legrand, M., Plana-Fattori, A., and N'doumé, C.: Satellite detection of
dust using the IR imagery of Meteosat: 1. Infrared difference dust index,
J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 106, 18251–18274, 2001.
Lewis, J. M., Lakshmivarahan, S., and Dhall, S.: Dynamic data assimilation:
a least squares approach, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge: Cambridge
University Press, ISBN 0521851556, 2006.
Lin, L., Xu, Y., Wang, Z., Diao, C., Dong, W., and Xie, S. P.: Changes in extreme rainfall over India and China attributed to regional aerosol‐cloud interaction during the late 20th century rapid industrialization, Geophys. Res. Lett., 45, 7857–7865, 2018.
Liou, K.-N.: An introduction to atmospheric radiation, Elsevier, ISBN 9780124514515, 2002.
Liu, Z., Liu, Q., Lin, H. C., Schwartz, C. S., Lee, Y. H., and Wang, T.:
Three-dimensional variational assimilation of MODIS aerosol optical depth:
Implementation and application to a dust storm over East Asia, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 116, D23206,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2011JD016159, 2011.
Liu, Z., Kar, J., Zeng, S., Tackett, J., Vaughan, M., Avery, M., Pelon, J., Getzewich, B., Lee, K.-P., Magill, B., Omar, A., Lucker, P., Trepte, C., and Winker, D.: Discriminating between clouds and aerosols in the CALIOP version 4.1 data products, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 12, 703–734, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-12-703-2019, 2019.
Maloney, C. M., Portmann, R. W., Ross, M. N., and Rosenlof, K. H.: The
climate and ozone impacts of black carbon emissions from global rocket
launches, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 127, e2021JD036373, https://doi.org/10.1029/2021JD036373,
2022.
Manoj, M. R., Satheesh, S. K., Moorthy, K. K., Gogoi, M. M., and Babu, S.
S.: Decreasing trend in black carbon aerosols over the Indian region,
Geophys. Res. Lett., 46, 2903–2910, 2019.
Manoj, M. R., Satheesh, S. K., Moorthy, K. K., and Coe, H.: Vertical profiles of submicron aerosol single scattering albedo over the Indian region immediately before monsoon onset and during its development: research from the SWAAMI field campaign, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 4031–4046, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-4031-2020, 2020.
Masiello, C. A.: New directions in black carbon organic geochemistry, Mar.
Chem., 92, 201–213, http://https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marchem.2004.06.043, 2004.
Menon, S., Hansen, J., Nazarenko, L., and Luo, Y.: Climate effects of black
carbon aerosols in China and India, Science, 297, 2250–2253,
https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1075159, 2002.
Mitra, A., Gupta, M. D., Singh, S., and Krishnamurti, T.: Daily rainfall for
the Indian monsoon region from merged satellite and rain gauge values:
Large-scale analysis from real-time data, J. Hydrometeorol., 4,
769–781, https://doi.org/10.1175/1525-7541(2003)004<0769:DRFTIM>2.0.CO;2, 2003.
Mitra, A., Dasgupta, M., and Singh, S.: Daily Indian precipitation analyses
formed from a merge of rain-gauge with TRMM TMPA satellite derived rainfall
estimates, J. Meteorol. Soc. Jpn., 87, 265–279,
https://doi.org/10.2151/jmsj.87A.265, 2009.
Moorthy, K. K., Satheesh, S. K., and Babu, S. S.: ICARB: an integrated
campaign for aerosols, gases, and radiation budget over India, P. Soc. Photo-Opt. Ins., 6408, 127–133,
https://doi.org/10.1117/12.696110, 2006.
Moorthy, K. K., Satheesh, S. K., and Kotamarthi, V.: Evolution of aerosol
research in India and the RAWEX – GVAX: an overview, Curr. Sci., 111, 53–75,
2016.
Moorthy, K. K., Satheesh, S. K., and Murthy, B. V. K.: Investigations of
marine aerosols over the tropical Indian Ocean, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 102, 18827–18842, 1997.
Moorthy, K. K., Babu, S. S., Sunilkumar, S., Gupta, P. K., and Gera, B.:
Altitude profiles of aerosol BC, derived from aircraft measurements over an
inland urban location in India, Geophys. Res. Lett., 31, L22103,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2004GL021336, 2004.
Moorthy, K. K., Nair, V. S., Babu, S. S., and Satheesh, S. K.: Spatial and
vertical heterogeneities in aerosol properties over oceanic regions around
India: Implications for radiative forcing, Q. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 135, 2131–2145,
https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.525, 2009.
Moorthy, K. K., Beegum, S. N., Babu, S. S., Smirnov, A., John, S. R., Kumar,
K. R., Narasimhulu, K., Dutt, C. B. S., and Nair, V. S.: Optical and
physical characteristics of Bay of Bengal aerosols during W-ICARB: Spatial
and vertical heterogeneities in the marine atmospheric boundary layer and in
the vertical column, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 115, D24213,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2010JD014094, 2010.
Moorthy, K. K., Babu, S. S., Manoj, M. R., and Satheesh, S. K.: Buildup of
aerosols over the Indian Region, Geophys. Res. Lett., 40,
1011–1014, https://doi.org/10.1002/grl.50165, 2013.
Mor, V., Dhankhar, R., Attri, S., Soni, V., Sateesh, M., and Taneja, K.:
Assessment of aerosols optical properties and radiative forcing over an
Urban site in North-Western India, Environ. Technol., 38, 1232–1244,
2017.
Morcrette, J., Boucher, O., Jones, L., Salmond, D., and Bechtold, P.:
Aerosol analysis and forecast in the European Centre for Medium-Range
Weather Forecasts integrated forecast system: forward modelling, J.
Geophys. Res., 114, D06206, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008JD011235,
2009.
Nair, V. S., Babu, S. S., Gogoi, M. M., and Moorthy, K. K.: Large-scale
enhancement in aerosol absorption in the lower free troposphere over
continental India during spring, Geophys. Res. Lett., 43,
11453–11461, https://doi.org/10.1002/2016GL070669, 2016.
Negi, P. S., Pandey, C. P., and Singh, N.: Black carbon aerosols in the
ambient air of Gangotri Glacier valley of north-western Himalaya in
India, Atmos. Environ., 214, 116879, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2019.116879, 2019.
Niu, T., Gong, S. L., Zhu, G. F., Liu, H. L., Hu, X. Q., Zhou, C. H., and Wang, Y. Q.: Data assimilation of dust aerosol observations for the CUACE/dust forecasting system, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 8, 3473–3482, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-8-3473-2008, 2008.
Ogren, J. A. and Charlson, R. J.: Elemental carbon in the atmosphere: cycle and lifetime, Tellus B, 35, 241–254, 1983
Ohneiser, K., Ansmann, A., Witthuhn, J., Deneke, H., Chudnovsky, A., Walter, G., and Senf, F.: Self-lofting of wildfire smoke in the troposphere and stratosphere: simulations and space lidar observations, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 2901–2925, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-2901-2023, 2023.
Padmakumari, B., Maheskumar, R., Harikishan, G., Morwal, S., Prabha, T., and
Kulkarni, J.: In situ measurements of aerosol vertical and spatial
distributions over continental India during the major drought year 2009,
Atmos. Environ., 80, 107–121,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2013.07.064, 2013.
Pagowski, M. and Grell, G. A.: Experiments with the assimilation of fine
aerosols using an ensemble Kalman filter, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 117, D21302, https://doi.org/10.1029/2012JD018333, 2012.
Pagowski, M., Grell, G., McKeen, S., Peckham, S., and Devenyi, D.:
Three-dimensional variational data assimilation of ozone and fine
particulate matter observations: some results using the Weather Research and
Forecasting – Chemistry model and Grid-point Statistical Interpolation,
Q. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 136, 2013–2024,
https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.700, 2010.
Pathak, H. S., Satheesh, S. K., Nanjundiah, R. S., Moorthy, K. K., Lakshmivarahan, S., and Babu, S. N. S.: Assessment of regional aerosol radiative effects under the SWAAMI campaign – Part 1: Quality-enhanced estimation of columnar aerosol extinction and absorption over the Indian subcontinent, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 11865–11886, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-11865-2019, 2019.
Penner, J. E., Dong, X. Q., and Chen, Y.: Observational evidence of a
change in radiative forcing due to the indirect aerosol effect, Nature,
427, 231–234, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature02234, 2004.
Prasad, A. K., Singh, R. P., and Kafatos, M.: Influence of coal based
thermal power plants on aerosol optical properties in the Indo-Gangetic
basin, Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, L05805, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005GL023801,
2006.
Pusechel, R., Blake, D., Snetsinger, K., Hansen, A., Verma, S., and Kato,
K.: Black carbon (soot) aerosol in the lower stratosphere and upper
troposphere, Geophys. Res. Lett., 19, 1659–1662, 1992.
Rahul, P., Bhawar, R., Ayantika, D., Panicker, A., Safai, P.,
Tharaprabhakaran, V., Padmakumari, B., and Raju, M.: Double blanket effect
caused by two layers of black carbon aerosols escalates warming in the
Brahmaputra River Valley, Sci. Rep., 4, 3670,
https://doi.org/10.1038/srep03670, 2014.
Ratnam, M. V., Prasad, P., Raj, S. A., Raman, M. R., and Basha, G.: Changing
patterns in aerosol vertical distribution over South and East Asia,
Sci. Rep., 11, 308, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-79361-4, 2021.
Reddy, M. S. and Venkataraman, C.: Inventory of aerosol and sulphur dioxide
emissions from India: I – Fossil fuel combustion, Atmos. Environ.,
36, 677–697, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1352-2310(01)00463-0, 2002.
Rehman, I. H., Ahmed, T., Praveen, P. S., Kar, A., and Ramanathan, V.: Black carbon emissions from biomass and fossil fuels in rural India, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 7289–7299, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-7289-2011, 2011.
Ricchiazzi, P., Yang, S., Gautier, C., and Sowle, D.: SBDART: A research and
teaching software tool for plane- parallel radiative transfer in the Earth's
atmosphere, B. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 79, 2101–2114,
1998.
Rosenfeld, D.: Suppression of rain and snow by urban and industrial air
pollution, Science, 287, 1793–1796,
https://doi.org/10.1126/science.287.5459.1793, 2000.
Rouïl, L., Honore, C., Vautard, R., Beekmann, M., Bessagnet, B.,
Malherbe, L., Meleux, F., Dufour, A., Elichegaray, C., and Flaud, J.:
PREV'AIR An Operational Forecasting and Mapping System for Air Quality in
Europe, B. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 90, 73–83,
https://doi.org/10.1175/2008BAMS2390.1, 2009.
Safai, P., Raju, M., Maheshkumar, R., Kulkarni, J., Rao, P., and Devara, P.:
Vertical profiles of black carbon aerosols over the urban locations in South
India, Sci. Total Environ., 431, 323–331,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.05.058, 2012.
Saide, P. E., Carmichael, G. R., Liu, Z., Schwartz, C. S., Lin, H. C., da Silva, A. M., and Hyer, E.: Aerosol optical depth assimilation for a size-resolved sectional model: impacts of observationally constrained, multi-wavelength and fine mode retrievals on regional scale analyses and forecasts, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 10425–10444, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-10425-2013, 2013.
Samset, B. H. and Myhre, G.: Vertical dependence of black carbon, sulphate
and biomass burning aerosol radiative forcing, Geophys. Res. Lett.,
38, L24802, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011GL049697, 2011.
Samset, B. H., Lund, M. T., Bollasina, M., Myhre, G., and Wilcox, L.:
Emerging Asian aerosol patterns, Nat. Geosci., 12, 582–584, 2019.
Satheesh, S. K.: Letter to the Editor
Aerosol radiative forcing over land: effect of surface and cloud reflection, Ann. Geophys., 20, 2105–2109, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-20-2105-2002, 2002.
Satheesh, S. K., Moorthy, K. K., Babu, S. S., Vinoj, V., and Dutt, C.:
Climate implications of large warming by elevated aerosol over India,
Geophys. Res. Lett., 35, L19809, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008GL034944,
2008.
Satheesh, S. K., Moorthy, K. K., Babu, S. S., Vinoj, V., Nair, V. S.,
Naseema Beegum, S., Dutt, C. B. S., Alappattu, D. P., and Kunhikrishnan, P.:
Vertical structure and horizontal gradients of aerosol extinction
coefficients over coastal India inferred from airborne lidar measurements
during the Integrated Campaign for Aerosol, Gases and Radiation Budget
(ICARB) field campaign, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 114, D05204, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008JD011033,
2009.
Satheesh, S. K., Vinoj, V., and Moorthy, K. K.: Assessment of aerosol
radiative impact over oceanic regions adjacent to Indian subcontinent using
multisatellite analysis, Adv. Meteorol., 2010, 139186,
https://doi.org/10.1155/2010/139186, 2010.
Satheesh, S. K., Moorthy, K. K., and Srinivasan, J.: New Directions:
Elevated layers of anthropogenic aerosols aggravate stratospheric ozone
loss?, Atmos. Environ., 79, 879–882, 2013.
Schmidt, M. W. and Noack, A. G.: Black carbon in soils and sediments:
analysis, distribution, implications, and current challenges, Global
Biogeochem. Cy., 14, 777–793, https://doi.org/10.1029/1999GB001208,
2000.
Schutgens, N. A. J., Miyoshi, T., Takemura, T., and Nakajima, T.: Applying an ensemble Kalman filter to the assimilation of AERONET observations in a global aerosol transport model, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 2561–2576, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-2561-2010, 2010.
Schwartz, C. S., Liu, Z., Lin, H. C., and McKeen, S. A.: Simultaneous
three-dimensional variational assimilation of surface fine particulate
matter and MODIS aerosol optical depth, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 117, D13202, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011JD017383, 2012.
Schwartz, C. S., Liu, Z., Lin, H. C., and Cetola, J. D.: Assimilating
aerosol observations with a “hybrid” variational-ensemble data
assimilation system, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 119,
4043–4069, https://doi.org/10.1002/2013JD020937, 2014.
Shindell, D., Kuylenstierna, J., Vignati, E., Van Dingenen, R., Amann, M.,
Klimont, Z., Anenberg, S., Muller, N., Janssens-Maenhout, G., Raes, F.,
Schwartz, J., Faluvegi, G., Pozzoli, L., Kupiainen, K.,
Höglund-Isaksson, L., Emberson, L., Streets, D., Ramanathan, V., Hicks,
K., and Fowler, D.: Simultaneously Mitigating Near-Term Climate Change and
Improving Human Health and Food Security, Science, 335,
183–189, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1210026, 2012.
Sheoran, R., Dumka, U. C., Hyvärinen, A. P., Sharma, V. P., Tiwari, R. K., Lihavainen, H., Virkkula, A., and Hooda, R. K.: Assessment of carbonaceous
aerosols at Mukteshwar: A high-altitude (∼ 2200 m amsl)
background site in the foothills of the Central Himalayas, Sci.
Total Environ., 866, 161334, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.161334, 2023.
Sicard, M., Granados-Muñoz, M. J., Alados-Arboledas, L., Barragán,
R., Bedoya-Velásquez, A. E., Benavent-Oltra, J. A., Bortoli, D.,
Comerón, A., Córdoba-Jabonero, C., and Costa, M. J.: Ground/space,
passive/active remote sensing observations coupled with particle dispersion
modelling to understand the inter-continental transport of wildfire smoke
plumes, Remote Sens. Environ., 232, 111294, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2019.111294, 2019.
Singh, A., Mahata, K. S., Rupakheti, M., Junkermann, W., Panday, A. K., and Lawrence, M. G.: An overview of airborne measurement in Nepal – Part 1: Vertical profile of aerosol size, number, spectral absorption, and meteorology, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 245–258, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-245-2019, 2019.
Singh, P., Sarawade, P., and Adhikary, B.: Transport of black carbon from
planetary boundary layer to free troposphere during the summer monsoon over
South Asia, Atmos. Res., 235, 104761, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2019.104761, 2020.
Singh, R., Singh, C., Ojha, S. P., Kumar, A. S., and Kumar, A. K.:
Development of an improved aerosol product over the Indian subcontinent:
Blending model, satellite, and ground-based estimates, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 122, 367–390,
https://doi.org/10.1002/2016JD025335, 2017.
Singh, S. K., Radhakrishnan, S. R., Jaswant, Mishra, S. K., Shukla, D. K.,
Ranjan, A., and Sharma, C.: Study of variation of aerosol optical
properties over a high-altitude station in Indian Western Himalayan region,
palampur using raman lidar system, J. Atmos. Chem., 79,
117–139, 2022.
Srivastava, A., Yadav, V., Pathak, V., Singh, S., Tiwari, S., Bisht, D., and
Goloub, P.: Variability in radiative properties of major aerosol types: A
year-long study over Delhi – An urban station in Indo-Gangetic Basin,
Sci. Total Environ., 473, 659–666,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.12.064, 2014.
Stamnes, K., Tsay, S.-C., Wiscombe, W., and Jayaweera, K.: Numerically
stable algorithm for discrete-ordinate-method radiative transfer in multiple
scattering and emitting layered media, Appl. Opt., 27, 2502–2509, 1988.
Thakur, R. C., Arun, B. S., Gogoi, M. M., Thamban, M., Thayyen, R. J.,
Redkar, B. L., and Babu, S. S.: Multi-layer distribution of Black
Carbon and inorganic ions in the snowpacks of western Himalayas and snow
albedo forcing, Atmos. Environ., 261, 118564, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2021.118564, 2021.
Torres, O., Bhartia, P., Sinyuk, A., Welton, E., and Holben, B.: Total Ozone
Mapping Spectrometer measurements of aerosol absorption from space:
Comparison to SAFARI 2000 ground-based observations, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 110, D10S18, https://doi.org/10.1029/2004JD004611, 2005.
Torres, O., Bhartia, P. K., Taha, G., Jethva, H., Das, S., Colarco, P.,
Krotkov, N., Omar, A., and Ahn, C.: Stratospheric injection of massive smoke
plume from Canadian boreal fires in 2017 as seen by DSCOVR-EPIC, CALIOP, and
OMPS-LP observations, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 125,
e2020JD032579, https://doi.org/10.1029/2020JD032579, 2020.
Vaishya, A., Babu, S. N. S., Jayachandran, V., Gogoi, M. M., Lakshmi, N. B., Moorthy, K. K., and Satheesh, S. K.: Large contrast in the vertical distribution of aerosol optical properties and radiative effects across the Indo-Gangetic Plain during the SWAAMI–RAWEX campaign, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 17669–17685, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-17669-2018, 2018.
Venkataraman, C., Habib, G., Kadamba, D., Shrivastava, M., Leon, J. F.,
Crouzille, B., Boucher, O., and Streets, D.: Emissions from open biomass
burning in India: Integrating the inventory approach with high-resolution
Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) active-fire and land
cover data, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 20, GB2013,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2005GB002547, 2006.
Wang, C.: Impact of direct radiative forcing of black carbon aerosols on
tropical convective precipitation, Geophys. Res. Lett., 34, L05709,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2006GL028416, 2007.
Williams, A. I., Stier, P., Dagan, G., and Watson-Parris, D.: Strong control
of effective radiative forcing by the spatial pattern of absorbing aerosol,
Nat. Clim. Change, 12, 735–742, 2022.
Yadav, R., Sahu, L. K., Jaaffrey, S. N. A., and Beig, G.: Temporal variation
of particulate matter (PM) and potential sources at an urban site of Udaipur
in western India, Aerosol Air Qual. Res., 14, 1613–1629, https://doi.org/10.4209/aaqr.2013.10.0310, 2014.
Young, S. A., Vaughan, M. A., Garnier, A., Tackett, J. L., Lambeth, J. D., and Powell, K. A.: Extinction and optical depth retrievals for CALIPSO's Version 4 data release, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 11, 5701–5727, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-11-5701-2018, 2018.
Zanatta, M., Mertes, S., Jourdan, O., Dupuy, R., Järvinen, E., Schnaiter, M., Eppers, O., Schneider, J., Jurányi, Z., and Herber, A.: Airborne investigation of black carbon interaction with low-level, persistent, mixed-phase clouds in the Arctic summer, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 7955–7973, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-7955-2023, 2023.
Zarzycki, C. M. and Bond, T. C.: How much can the vertical distribution of
black carbon affect its global direct radiative forcing?, Geophys. Res. Lett., 37, L20807, https://doi.org/10.1029/2010GL044555, 2010.
Zhang, J., Reid, J. S., Westphal, D. L., Baker, N. L., and Hyer, E. J.: A
system for operational aerosol optical depth data assimilation over global
oceans, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 113, D10208,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2007JD009065, 2008.
Short summary
We present a 3D data set of aerosol black carbon over the Indian mainland by assimilating data from surface, aircraft, and balloon measurements, along with multi-satellite observations. Radiative transfer computations using height-resolved aerosol absorption show higher warming in the free troposphere and will have large implications for atmospheric stability. This data set will help reduce the uncertainty in aerosol radiative effects in climate model simulations over the Indian region.
We present a 3D data set of aerosol black carbon over the Indian mainland by assimilating data...
Altmetrics
Final-revised paper
Preprint