Articles | Volume 22, issue 21
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-13935-2022
© Author(s) 2022. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-13935-2022
© Author(s) 2022. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Comprehensive characterization of particulate intermediate-volatility and semi-volatile organic compounds (I/SVOCs) from heavy-duty diesel vehicles using two-dimensional gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry
College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen
University, Shenzhen 518060, China
Xuan Zheng
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen
University, Shenzhen 518060, China
Shaojun Zhang
School of Environment, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment
Simulation and Pollution Control, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control
of Air Pollution Complex, Beijing 100084, China
Xuan Wang
School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Hong
Kong SAR, China
Ting Chen
College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen
University, Shenzhen 518060, China
Xiao Zhang
School of Environment, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment
Simulation and Pollution Control, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
Guanghan Huang
School of Environment, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment
Simulation and Pollution Control, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
Yihuan Cao
School of Environment, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment
Simulation and Pollution Control, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
Liqiang He
School of Environment, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment
Simulation and Pollution Control, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
Xubing Cao
State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School
of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
Yuan Cheng
State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School
of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
Shuxiao Wang
School of Environment, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment
Simulation and Pollution Control, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control
of Air Pollution Complex, Beijing 100084, China
Ye Wu
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
School of Environment, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment
Simulation and Pollution Control, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
Beijing Laboratory of Environmental Frontier Technologies, Beijing
100084, China
Related authors
Shuwen Guo, Xuan Zheng, Xiao He, Lewei Zeng, Liqiang He, Xian Wu, Yifei Dai, Zihao Huang, Ting Chen, Shupei Xiao, Yan You, Sheng Xiang, Shaojun Zhang, Jingkun Jiang, and Ye Wu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 2695–2705, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-2695-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-2695-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
We considered two potential influencing factors of heavy-duty diesel vehicle emissions that are rarely mentioned in the literature: cumulative mileage and ambient temperatures. The results suggest that prolonged use of heavy-duty diesel vehicles and low ambient temperatures leads to reduced engine combustion efficiency, which in turn increases tailpipe emissions significantly.
Xiao He, Xuan Zheng, Shuwen Guo, Lewei Zeng, Ting Chen, Bohan Yang, Shupei Xiao, Qiongqiong Wang, Zhiyuan Li, Yan You, Shaojun Zhang, and Ye Wu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 10655–10666, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-10655-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-10655-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study introduces an innovative method for identifying and quantifying complex organic vapors and aerosols. By combining advanced analytical techniques and new algorithms, we categorized thousands of compounds from heavy-duty diesel vehicles and ambient air and highlighted specific tracers for emission sources. The innovative approach enhances peak identification, reduces quantification uncertainties, and offers new insights for air quality management and atmospheric chemistry.
Junwei Yang, Lan Ma, Xiao He, Wing Chi Au, Yanhao Miao, Wen-Xiong Wang, and Theodora Nah
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 1403–1419, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-1403-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-1403-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Water-soluble metals play key roles in human health and atmospheric processes. We report the seasonal abundance and fractional solubilities of different metals in aerosols collected in urban Hong Kong as well as the key factors that modulated solubilities of the various metals in fine aerosols. Our results highlight the dual roles (i.e., acidifying the aerosol particle and providing a liquid reaction medium) that sulfate plays in the acid dissolution of metals in fine aerosols in Hong Kong.
Ruize Sun, Xiao Lu, Haipeng Lin, Tongwen Wu, Xingpei Ye, Lu Shen, Xuan Wang, Haolin Wang, Jingyu Li, Ni Lu, Jiayin Su, Jie Zhang, Fang Zhang, Xiaoge Xin, Xiong Liu, and Lin Zhang
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-3829, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-3829, 2025
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for Geoscientific Model Development (GMD).
Short summary
Short summary
We present the development of a global chemistry-climate coupled model BCC-GEOS-Chem v2.0, with improved representation of comprehensive troposphere-stratosphere chemistry and new capability to account for radiative-cloud feedbacks from short-lived climate forcers. The development of the BCC-GEOS-Chem v2.0 provides a powerful tool to study climate-chemistry interactions and for future projection of global atmospheric chemistry and regional air quality.
Yuan Cheng, Ying-jie Zhong, Zhi-qing Zhang, Xu-bing Cao, and Jiu-meng Liu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 8493–8505, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-8493-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-8493-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
As an emerging hotspot of atmospheric sciences, northeastern China is distinct due to the frigid winter and the strong emissions from agricultural fires. Based on field campaigns conducted in Harbin, we successively identified the analytical method that could lead to proper results of organic and elemental carbon. Our results are believed to be a support for future efforts in the exploration of PM2.5 sources in northeastern China, which are essential for further improving the regional air quality.
Yuying Cui, Qingru Wu, Shuxiao Wang, Kaiyun Liu, Shengyue Li, Zhezhe Shi, Daiwei Ouyang, Zhongyan Li, Qinqin Chen, Changwei Lü, Fei Xie, Yi Tang, Yan Wang, and Jiming Hao
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 17, 3315–3328, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-3315-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-3315-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
We develop P-CAME, a long-term gridded emission inventory for China spanning from 1978 to 2021. P-CAME enhances the accuracy of emissions mapping, identifies potential pollution hotspots, and aligns with observed Hg0 concentration trends. With its improved spatial resolution and reliable long-term trends, P-CAME offers valuable support for global emissions modeling, legacy impact studies, and evaluations of the Minamata Convention.
Xinchun Xie, Yuzhong Zhang, Ruosi Liang, and Xuan Wang
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-2305, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-2305, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Brown carbon (BrC), mainly from biomass burning, absorbs short wavelength sunlight and affects climate and atmospheric chemistry. This study implemented an improved parameterization of BrC bleaching in a model with which BrC can survive much longer in cold, dry air, especially when lofted into the upper atmosphere by wildfires. The results reveal stronger warming effects and impacts on atmospheric oxidation, highlighting the need to consider BrC in climate and pollution control strategies.
Ashu Dastoor, Hélène Angot, Johannes Bieser, Flora Brocza, Brock Edwards, Aryeh Feinberg, Xinbin Feng, Benjamin Geyman, Charikleia Gournia, Yipeng He, Ian M. Hedgecock, Ilia Ilyin, Jane Kirk, Che-Jen Lin, Igor Lehnherr, Robert Mason, David McLagan, Marilena Muntean, Peter Rafaj, Eric M. Roy, Andrei Ryjkov, Noelle E. Selin, Francesco De Simone, Anne L. Soerensen, Frits Steenhuisen, Oleg Travnikov, Shuxiao Wang, Xun Wang, Simon Wilson, Rosa Wu, Qingru Wu, Yanxu Zhang, Jun Zhou, Wei Zhu, and Scott Zolkos
Geosci. Model Dev., 18, 2747–2860, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-2747-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-2747-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
This paper introduces the Multi-Compartment Mercury (Hg) Modeling and Analysis Project (MCHgMAP) aimed at informing the effectiveness evaluations of two multilateral environmental agreements: the Minamata Convention on Mercury and the Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution. The experimental design exploits a variety of models (atmospheric, land, oceanic ,and multimedia mass balance models) to assess the short- and long-term influences of anthropogenic Hg releases into the environment.
Zeqi Li, Bin Zhao, Shengyue Li, Zhezhe Shi, Dejia Yin, Qingru Wu, Fenfen Zhang, Xiao Yun, Guanghan Huang, Yun Zhu, and Shuxiao Wang
Earth Syst. Sci. Data Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2025-104, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2025-104, 2025
Revised manuscript accepted for ESSD
Short summary
Short summary
This study uses an ensemble machine learning model to predict long-term, high-resolution cooking activity data, establishing China’s first county-level cooking emission inventory spanning 1990–2021. It covers key pollutants such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. It reveals emissions’ long-term spatiotemporal trends and driving factors, such as population migration and economic growth, offering efficient control strategies. This dataset is crucial for air pollution and health impact studies.
Shuwen Guo, Xuan Zheng, Xiao He, Lewei Zeng, Liqiang He, Xian Wu, Yifei Dai, Zihao Huang, Ting Chen, Shupei Xiao, Yan You, Sheng Xiang, Shaojun Zhang, Jingkun Jiang, and Ye Wu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 2695–2705, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-2695-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-2695-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
We considered two potential influencing factors of heavy-duty diesel vehicle emissions that are rarely mentioned in the literature: cumulative mileage and ambient temperatures. The results suggest that prolonged use of heavy-duty diesel vehicles and low ambient temperatures leads to reduced engine combustion efficiency, which in turn increases tailpipe emissions significantly.
Yuzhi Jin, Jiandong Wang, Chao Liu, David C. Wong, Golam Sarwar, Kathleen M. Fahey, Shang Wu, Jiaping Wang, Jing Cai, Zeyuan Tian, Zhouyang Zhang, Jia Xing, Aijun Ding, and Shuxiao Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 2613–2630, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-2613-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-2613-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Black carbon (BC) affects climate and the environment, and its aging process alters its properties. Current models, like WRF-CMAQ, lack full accounting for it. We developed the WRF-CMAQ-BCG model to better represent BC aging by introducing bare and coated BC species and their conversion. The WRF-CMAQ-BCG model introduces the capability to simulate BC mixing states and bare and coated BC wet deposition, and it improves the accuracy of BC mass concentration and aerosol optics.
Zhouyang Zhang, Jiandong Wang, Jiaping Wang, Nicole Riemer, Chao Liu, Yuzhi Jin, Zeyuan Tian, Jing Cai, Yueyue Cheng, Ganzhen Chen, Bin Wang, Shuxiao Wang, and Aijun Ding
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 1869–1881, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-1869-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-1869-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Black carbon (BC) exerts notable warming effects. We use a particle-resolved model to investigate the long-term behavior of the BC mixing state, revealing its compositions, coating thickness distribution, and optical properties all stabilize with a characteristic time of less than 1 d. This study can effectively simplify the description of the BC mixing state, which facilitates the precise assessment of the optical properties of BC aerosols in global and chemical transport models.
Xiao He, Xuan Zheng, Shuwen Guo, Lewei Zeng, Ting Chen, Bohan Yang, Shupei Xiao, Qiongqiong Wang, Zhiyuan Li, Yan You, Shaojun Zhang, and Ye Wu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 10655–10666, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-10655-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-10655-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study introduces an innovative method for identifying and quantifying complex organic vapors and aerosols. By combining advanced analytical techniques and new algorithms, we categorized thousands of compounds from heavy-duty diesel vehicles and ambient air and highlighted specific tracers for emission sources. The innovative approach enhances peak identification, reduces quantification uncertainties, and offers new insights for air quality management and atmospheric chemistry.
Jiewen Shen, Bin Zhao, Shuxiao Wang, An Ning, Yuyang Li, Runlong Cai, Da Gao, Biwu Chu, Yang Gao, Manish Shrivastava, Jingkun Jiang, Xiuhui Zhang, and Hong He
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 10261–10278, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-10261-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-10261-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We extensively compare various cluster-dynamics-based parameterizations for sulfuric acid–dimethylamine nucleation and identify a newly developed parameterization derived from Atmospheric Cluster Dynamic Code (ACDC) simulations as being the most reliable one. This study offers a valuable reference for developing parameterizations of other nucleation systems and is meaningful for the accurate quantification of the environmental and climate impacts of new particle formation.
Yuan Cheng, Xu-bing Cao, Sheng-qiang Zhu, Zhi-qing Zhang, Jiu-meng Liu, Hong-liang Zhang, Qiang Zhang, and Ke-bin He
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 9869–9883, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-9869-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-9869-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The agreement between observational and modeling results is essential for the development of efficient air pollution control strategies. Here we constrained the modeling results of carbonaceous aerosols by field observation in Northeast China, a historically overlooked but recently targeted region of national clean-air actions. Our study suggested that the simulation of agricultural fire emissions and secondary organic aerosols remains challenging.
Da Gao, Bin Zhao, Shuxiao Wang, Yuan Wang, Brian Gaudet, Yun Zhu, Xiaochun Wang, Jiewen Shen, Shengyue Li, Yicong He, Dejia Yin, and Zhaoxin Dong
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 14359–14373, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-14359-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-14359-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Surface PM2.5 concentrations can be enhanced by aerosol–radiation interactions (ARIs) and aerosol–cloud interactions (ACIs). In this study, we found PM2.5 enhancement induced by ACIs shows a significantly smaller decrease ratio than that induced by ARIs in China with anthropogenic emission reduction from 2013 to 2021, making ACIs more important for enhancing PM2.5 concentrations. ACI-induced PM2.5 enhancement needs to be emphatically considered to meet the national PM2.5 air quality standard.
Zeqi Li, Shuxiao Wang, Shengyue Li, Xiaochun Wang, Guanghan Huang, Xing Chang, Lyuyin Huang, Chengrui Liang, Yun Zhu, Haotian Zheng, Qian Song, Qingru Wu, Fenfen Zhang, and Bin Zhao
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 5017–5037, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-5017-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-5017-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This study developed the first full-volatility organic emission inventory for cooking sources in China, presenting high-resolution cooking emissions during 2015–2021. It identified the key subsectors and hotspots of cooking emissions, analyzed emission trends and drivers, and proposed future control strategies. The dataset is valuable for accurately simulating organic aerosol formation and evolution and for understanding the impact of organic emissions on air pollution and climate change.
Chupeng Zhang, Shangfei Hai, Yang Gao, Yuhang Wang, Shaoqing Zhang, Lifang Sheng, Bin Zhao, Shuxiao Wang, Jingkun Jiang, Xin Huang, Xiaojing Shen, Junying Sun, Aura Lupascu, Manish Shrivastava, Jerome D. Fast, Wenxuan Cheng, Xiuwen Guo, Ming Chu, Nan Ma, Juan Hong, Qiaoqiao Wang, Xiaohong Yao, and Huiwang Gao
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 10713–10730, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-10713-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-10713-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
New particle formation is an important source of atmospheric particles, exerting critical influences on global climate. Numerical models are vital tools to understanding atmospheric particle evolution, which, however, suffer from large biases in simulating particle numbers. Here we improve the model chemical processes governing particle sizes and compositions. The improved model reveals substantial contributions of newly formed particles to climate through effects on cloud condensation nuclei.
Yuyang Li, Jiewen Shen, Bin Zhao, Runlong Cai, Shuxiao Wang, Yang Gao, Manish Shrivastava, Da Gao, Jun Zheng, Markku Kulmala, and Jingkun Jiang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 8789–8804, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-8789-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-8789-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We set up a new parameterization for 1.4 nm particle formation rates from sulfuric acid–dimethylamine (SA–DMA) nucleation, fully including the effects of coagulation scavenging and cluster stability. Incorporating the new parameterization into 3-D chemical transport models, we achieved better consistencies between simulation results and observation data. This new parameterization provides new insights into atmospheric nucleation simulations and its effects on atmospheric pollution or health.
Yuan Cheng, Xu-bing Cao, Jiu-meng Liu, Ying-jie Zhong, Qin-qin Yu, Qiang Zhang, and Ke-bin He
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 6241–6253, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-6241-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-6241-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Brown carbon (BrC) aerosols were explored in the northernmost megacity in China during a frigid winter and an agricultural-fire-impacted spring. BrC was more light absorbing at night for both seasons, with more pronounced diurnal variations in spring, and the dominant drivers were identified as regulations on heavy-duty diesel trucks and open burning, respectively. Agricultural fires resulted in unique absorption spectra of BrC, which were characterized by a distinct peak at ∼365 nm.
Shengyue Li, Shuxiao Wang, Qingru Wu, Yanning Zhang, Daiwei Ouyang, Haotian Zheng, Licong Han, Xionghui Qiu, Yifan Wen, Min Liu, Yueqi Jiang, Dejia Yin, Kaiyun Liu, Bin Zhao, Shaojun Zhang, Ye Wu, and Jiming Hao
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 2279–2294, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-2279-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-2279-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This study compiled China's emission inventory of air pollutants and CO2 during 2005–2021 (ABaCAS-EI v2.0) based on unified emission-source framework. The emission trends and its drivers are analyzed. Key sectors and regions with higher synergistic reduction potential of air pollutants and CO2 are identified. Future control measures are suggested. The dataset and analyses provide insights into the synergistic reduction of air pollutants and CO2 emissions for China and other developing countries.
Shixian Zhai, Daniel J. Jacob, Drew C. Pendergrass, Nadia K. Colombi, Viral Shah, Laura Hyesung Yang, Qiang Zhang, Shuxiao Wang, Hwajin Kim, Yele Sun, Jin-Soo Choi, Jin-Soo Park, Gan Luo, Fangqun Yu, Jung-Hun Woo, Younha Kim, Jack E. Dibb, Taehyoung Lee, Jin-Seok Han, Bruce E. Anderson, Ke Li, and Hong Liao
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 4271–4281, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-4271-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-4271-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Anthropogenic fugitive dust in East Asia not only causes severe coarse particulate matter air pollution problems, but also affects fine particulate nitrate. Due to emission control efforts, coarse PM decreased steadily. We find that the decrease of coarse PM is a major driver for a lack of decrease of fine particulate nitrate, as it allows more nitric acid to form fine particulate nitrate. The continuing decrease of coarse PM requires more stringent ammonia and nitrogen oxides emission controls.
Junwei Yang, Lan Ma, Xiao He, Wing Chi Au, Yanhao Miao, Wen-Xiong Wang, and Theodora Nah
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 1403–1419, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-1403-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-1403-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Water-soluble metals play key roles in human health and atmospheric processes. We report the seasonal abundance and fractional solubilities of different metals in aerosols collected in urban Hong Kong as well as the key factors that modulated solubilities of the various metals in fine aerosols. Our results highlight the dual roles (i.e., acidifying the aerosol particle and providing a liquid reaction medium) that sulfate plays in the acid dissolution of metals in fine aerosols in Hong Kong.
William F. Swanson, Chris D. Holmes, William R. Simpson, Kaitlyn Confer, Louis Marelle, Jennie L. Thomas, Lyatt Jaeglé, Becky Alexander, Shuting Zhai, Qianjie Chen, Xuan Wang, and Tomás Sherwen
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 14467–14488, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-14467-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-14467-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Radical bromine molecules are seen at higher concentrations during the Arctic spring. We use the global model GEOS-Chem to test whether snowpack and wind-blown snow sources can explain high bromine concentrations. We run this model for the entire year of 2015 and compare results to observations of bromine from floating platforms on the Arctic Ocean and at Utqiaġvik. We find that the model performs best when both sources are enabled but may overestimate bromine production in summer and fall.
Yi Cheng, Shaofei Kong, Liquan Yao, Huang Zheng, Jian Wu, Qin Yan, Shurui Zheng, Yao Hu, Zhenzhen Niu, Yingying Yan, Zhenxing Shen, Guofeng Shen, Dantong Liu, Shuxiao Wang, and Shihua Qi
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 4757–4775, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-4757-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-4757-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This work establishes the first emission inventory of carbonaceous aerosols from cooking, fireworks, sacrificial incense, joss paper burning, and barbecue, using multi-source datasets and tested emission factors. These emissions were concentrated in specific periods and areas. Positive and negative correlations between income and emissions were revealed in urban and rural regions. The dataset will be helpful for improving modeling studies and modifying corresponding emission control policies.
Lulu Cui, Di Wu, Shuxiao Wang, Qingcheng Xu, Ruolan Hu, and Jiming Hao
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 11931–11944, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-11931-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-11931-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
A 1-year campaign was conducted to characterize VOCs at a Beijing urban site during different episodes. VOCs from fuel evaporation and diesel exhaust, particularly toluene, xylenes, trans-2-butene, acrolein, methyl methacrylate, vinyl acetate, 1-butene, and 1-hexene, were the main contributors. VOCs from diesel exhaust as well as coal and biomass combustion were found to be the dominant contributors for SOAFP, particularly the VOC species toluene, 1-hexene, xylenes, ethylbenzene, and styrene.
Mengying Li, Shaocai Yu, Xue Chen, Zhen Li, Yibo Zhang, Zhe Song, Weiping Liu, Pengfei Li, Xiaoye Zhang, Meigen Zhang, Yele Sun, Zirui Liu, Caiping Sun, Jingkun Jiang, Shuxiao Wang, Benjamin N. Murphy, Kiran Alapaty, Rohit Mathur, Daniel Rosenfeld, and John H. Seinfeld
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 11845–11866, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-11845-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-11845-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This study constructed an emission inventory of condensable particulate matter (CPM) in China with a focus on organic aerosols (OAs), based on collected CPM emission information. The results show that OA emissions are enhanced twofold for the years 2014 and 2017 after the inclusion of CPM in the new inventory. Sensitivity cases demonstrated the significant contributions of CPM emissions from stationary combustion and mobile sources to primary, secondary, and total OA concentrations.
Katherine R. Travis, James H. Crawford, Gao Chen, Carolyn E. Jordan, Benjamin A. Nault, Hwajin Kim, Jose L. Jimenez, Pedro Campuzano-Jost, Jack E. Dibb, Jung-Hun Woo, Younha Kim, Shixian Zhai, Xuan Wang, Erin E. McDuffie, Gan Luo, Fangqun Yu, Saewung Kim, Isobel J. Simpson, Donald R. Blake, Limseok Chang, and Michelle J. Kim
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 7933–7958, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-7933-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-7933-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The 2016 Korea–United States Air Quality (KORUS-AQ) field campaign provided a unique set of observations to improve our understanding of PM2.5 pollution in South Korea. Models typically have errors in simulating PM2.5 in this region, which is of concern for the development of control measures. We use KORUS-AQ observations to improve our understanding of the mechanisms driving PM2.5 and the implications of model errors for determining PM2.5 that is attributable to local or foreign sources.
Jiandong Wang, Jia Xing, Shuxiao Wang, Rohit Mathur, Jiaping Wang, Yuqiang Zhang, Chao Liu, Jonathan Pleim, Dian Ding, Xing Chang, Jingkun Jiang, Peng Zhao, Shovan Kumar Sahu, Yuzhi Jin, David C. Wong, and Jiming Hao
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 5147–5156, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-5147-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-5147-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Aerosols reduce surface solar radiation and change the photolysis rate and planetary boundary layer stability. In this study, the online coupled meteorological and chemistry model was used to explore the detailed pathway of how aerosol direct effects affect secondary inorganic aerosol. The effects through the dynamics pathway act as an equally or even more important route compared with the photolysis pathway in affecting secondary aerosol concentration in both summer and winter.
Haichao Wang, Chao Peng, Xuan Wang, Shengrong Lou, Keding Lu, Guicheng Gan, Xiaohong Jia, Xiaorui Chen, Jun Chen, Hongli Wang, Shaojia Fan, Xinming Wang, and Mingjin Tang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 1845–1859, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-1845-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-1845-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Via combining laboratory and modeling work, we found that heterogeneous reaction of N2O5 with saline mineral dust aerosol could be an important source of tropospheric ClNO2 in inland regions.
Shixian Zhai, Daniel J. Jacob, Jared F. Brewer, Ke Li, Jonathan M. Moch, Jhoon Kim, Seoyoung Lee, Hyunkwang Lim, Hyun Chul Lee, Su Keun Kuk, Rokjin J. Park, Jaein I. Jeong, Xuan Wang, Pengfei Liu, Gan Luo, Fangqun Yu, Jun Meng, Randall V. Martin, Katherine R. Travis, Johnathan W. Hair, Bruce E. Anderson, Jack E. Dibb, Jose L. Jimenez, Pedro Campuzano-Jost, Benjamin A. Nault, Jung-Hun Woo, Younha Kim, Qiang Zhang, and Hong Liao
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 16775–16791, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-16775-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-16775-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Geostationary satellite aerosol optical depth (AOD) has tremendous potential for monitoring surface fine particulate matter (PM2.5). Our study explored the physical relationship between AOD and PM2.5 by integrating data from surface networks, aircraft, and satellites with the GEOS-Chem chemical transport model. We quantitatively showed that accurate simulation of aerosol size distributions, boundary layer depths, relative humidity, coarse particles, and diurnal variations in PM2.5 are essential.
Yuan Cheng, Qin-qin Yu, Jiu-meng Liu, Xu-bing Cao, Ying-jie Zhong, Zhen-yu Du, Lin-lin Liang, Guan-nan Geng, Wan-li Ma, Hong Qi, Qiang Zhang, and Ke-bin He
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 15199–15211, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-15199-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-15199-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Open burning policies in Heilongjiang Province experienced a rapid transition during 2018 to 2020. This study evaluated the responses of PM2.5 pollution to this transition and suggested that neither of the policies could be considered successful. In addition, heterogeneous reactions were found to be at play in secondary aerosol formation, even in the frigid atmosphere in Heilongjiang. The unique haze in northeast China deserves more attention.
Xuan Wang, Daniel J. Jacob, William Downs, Shuting Zhai, Lei Zhu, Viral Shah, Christopher D. Holmes, Tomás Sherwen, Becky Alexander, Mathew J. Evans, Sebastian D. Eastham, J. Andrew Neuman, Patrick R. Veres, Theodore K. Koenig, Rainer Volkamer, L. Gregory Huey, Thomas J. Bannan, Carl J. Percival, Ben H. Lee, and Joel A. Thornton
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 13973–13996, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-13973-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-13973-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Halogen radicals have a broad range of implications for tropospheric chemistry, air quality, and climate. We present a new mechanistic description and comprehensive simulation of tropospheric halogens in a global 3-D model and compare the model results with surface and aircraft measurements. We find that halogen chemistry decreases the global tropospheric burden of ozone by 11 %, NOx by 6 %, and OH by 4 %.
Lin Huang, Song Liu, Zeyuan Yang, Jia Xing, Jia Zhang, Jiang Bian, Siwei Li, Shovan Kumar Sahu, Shuxiao Wang, and Tie-Yan Liu
Geosci. Model Dev., 14, 4641–4654, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-4641-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-4641-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Accurate estimation of emissions is a prerequisite for effectively controlling air pollution, but current methods lack either sufficient data or a representation of nonlinearity. Here, we proposed a novel deep learning method to model the dual relationship between emissions and pollutant concentrations. Emissions can be updated by back-propagating the gradient of the loss function measuring the deviation between simulations and observations, resulting in better model performance.
Youwen Sun, Hao Yin, Yuan Cheng, Qianggong Zhang, Bo Zheng, Justus Notholt, Xiao Lu, Cheng Liu, Yuan Tian, and Jianguo Liu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 9201–9222, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-9201-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-9201-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We quantified the variability, source, and transport of urban CO over the Himalayas and Tibetan Plateau (HTP) by using measurement, model simulation, and the analysis of meteorological fields. Urban CO over the HTP is dominated by anthropogenic and biomass burning emissions from local, South Asia and East Asia, and oxidation sources. The decreasing trends in surface CO since 2015 in most cities over the HTP are attributed to the reduction in local and transported CO emissions in recent years.
Youwen Sun, Hao Yin, Cheng Liu, Lin Zhang, Yuan Cheng, Mathias Palm, Justus Notholt, Xiao Lu, Corinne Vigouroux, Bo Zheng, Wei Wang, Nicholas Jones, Changong Shan, Min Qin, Yuan Tian, Qihou Hu, Fanhao Meng, and Jianguo Liu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 6365–6387, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-6365-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-6365-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
This study mapped the drivers of HCHO variability from 2015 to 2019 over eastern China. Hydroxyl (OH) radical production rates from HCHO photolysis were evaluated. The relative contributions of emitted and photochemical sources to the observed HCHO abundance were analyzed. Contributions of various emission sources and geographical regions to the observed HCHO summertime enhancements were determined.
Linlin Liang, Guenter Engling, Chang Liu, Wanyun Xu, Xuyan Liu, Yuan Cheng, Zhenyu Du, Gen Zhang, Junying Sun, and Xiaoye Zhang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 3181–3192, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-3181-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-3181-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
A unique episode with extreme biomass burning (BB) impact, with daily concentration of levoglucosan as high as 4.37 µg m-3, was captured at an area upwind of Beijing. How this extreme BB pollution event was generated and what were the chemical properties of PM2.5 under this kind severe BB pollution level in the real atmospheric environment were both presented in this measurement report. Moreover, the variation of the ratios of BB tracers during different BB pollution periods was also exhibited.
Sunling Gong, Hongli Liu, Bihui Zhang, Jianjun He, Hengde Zhang, Yaqiang Wang, Shuxiao Wang, Lei Zhang, and Jie Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 2999–3013, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-2999-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-2999-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Surface concentrations of PM2.5 in China have had a declining trend since 2013 across the country. This research found that the control measures of emission reduction are the dominant factors in the PM2.5 declining trends in various regions. The contribution by the meteorology to the surface PM2.5 concentrations from 2013 to 2019 was not found to show a consistent trend, fluctuating positively or negatively by about 5% on the annual average and 10–20% for the fall–winter heavy-pollution seasons.
Jianzhong Sun, Yuzhe Zhang, Guorui Zhi, Regina Hitzenberger, Wenjing Jin, Yingjun Chen, Lei Wang, Chongguo Tian, Zhengying Li, Rong Chen, Wen Xiao, Yuan Cheng, Wei Yang, Liying Yao, Yang Cao, Duo Huang, Yueyuan Qiu, Jiali Xu, Xiaofei Xia, Xin Yang, Xi Zhang, Zheng Zong, Yuchun Song, and Changdong Wu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 2329–2341, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-2329-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-2329-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Brown carbon (BrC) emission factors from household biomass fuels were measured with an integrating sphere optics approach supported by iterative calculations. A novel algorithm to directly estimate the absorption contribution of BrC relative to that of BrC + black carbon (FBrC) was proposed based purely on the absorption exponent (AAE)
(FBrC = 0.5519 lnAAE + 0.0067). The FBrC for household biomass fuels was as high as 50.8 % across the strongest solar spectral range of 350−850 nm.
Jia Xing, Siwei Li, Yueqi Jiang, Shuxiao Wang, Dian Ding, Zhaoxin Dong, Yun Zhu, and Jiming Hao
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 14347–14359, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-14347-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-14347-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Quantifying emission changes is a prerequisite for assessment of control effectiveness in improving air quality. However, traditional bottom-up methods usually take months to perform and limit timely assessments. A novel method was developed by using a response model that provides real-time estimation of emission changes based on air quality observations. It was successfully applied to quantify emission changes on the North China Plain due to the COVID-19 pandemic shutdown.
Viral Shah, Daniel J. Jacob, Jonathan M. Moch, Xuan Wang, and Shixian Zhai
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 12223–12245, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-12223-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-12223-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Cloud water pH affects atmospheric chemistry, and acid rain damages ecosystems. We use model simulations along with observations to present a global view of cloud water and precipitation pH. Sulfuric acid, nitric acid, and ammonia control the pH in the northern midlatitudes, but carboxylic acids and dust cations are important in the tropics and subtropics. The acid inputs to many nitrogen-saturated ecosystems are high enough to cause acidification, with ammonium as the main acidifying species.
Cited articles
Alam, M. S., Zeraati-Rezaei, S., Stark, C. P., Liang, Z. R., Xu, H. M., and
Harrison, R. M.: The characterisation of diesel exhaust particles –
composition, size distribution and partitioning, Faraday Discuss., 189,
69–84, https://doi.org/10.1039/c5fd00185d, 2016.
Alam, M. S., Zeraati-Rezaei, S., Xu, H., and Harrison, R. M.:
Characterization of Gas and Particulate Phase Organic Emissions (C9–C37)
from a Diesel Engine and the Effect of Abatement Devices, Environ. Sci.
Technol., 53, 11345–11352, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.9b03053, 2019.
Alier, M., van Drooge, B. L., Dall'Osto, M., Querol, X., Grimalt, J. O., and Tauler, R.: Source apportionment of submicron organic aerosol at an urban background and a road site in Barcelona (Spain) during SAPUSS, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 10353–10371, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-10353-2013, 2013.
An, Z., Li, X., Yuan, Y., Duan, F., and Jiang, J.: Large contribution of
non-priority PAHs in atmospheric fine particles: Insights from time-resolved
measurement and nontarget analysis, Environ. Int., 163, 107193,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2022.107193, 2022.
Chacon-Madrid, H. J. and Donahue, N. M.: Fragmentation vs. functionalization: chemical aging and organic aerosol formation, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 10553–10563, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-10553-2011, 2011.
Chen, J. J., Jakober, C., Clegg, S., and Kleeman, M. J.: Theoretical versus
Observed Gas-Particle Partitioning of Carbonyl Emissions from Motor
Vehicles, J. Air Waste Manage., 60, 1237–1244,
https://doi.org/10.3155/1047-3289.60.10.1237, 2010.
Chen, T., Zheng, X., He, X., You, Y., Huang, G. H., Cao, Y. H., He, L. Q.,
and Wu, Y.: Comprehensive characterization of polycyclic aromatic
hydrocarbon emissions from heavy-duty diesel vehicles utilizing
GC × GC-ToF-MS, Sci. Total Environ., 833, 155127, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155127, 2022.
Chen, T. Z., Liu, Y. C., Liu, C. G., Liu, J., Chu, B. W., and He, H.:
Important role of aromatic hydrocarbons in SOA formation from unburned
gasoline vapor, Atmos. Environ., 201, 101–109,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2019.01.001, 2019.
Dallmann, T. R., Kirchstetter, T. W., DeMartini, S. J., and Harley, R. A.:
Quantifying On-Road Emissions from Gasoline-Powered Motor Vehicles:
Accounting for the Presence of Medium- and Heavy-Duty Diesel Trucks,
Environ. Sci. Technol., 47, 13873–13881, https://doi.org/10.1021/es402875u, 2013.
Donahue, N. M., Epstein, S. A., Pandis, S. N., and Robinson, A. L.: A two-dimensional volatility basis set: 1. organic-aerosol mixing thermodynamics, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 3303–3318, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-3303-2011, 2011.
Donahue, N. M., Henry, K. M., Mentel, T. F., Kiendler-Scharr, A., Spindler,
C., Bohn, B., Brauers, T., Dorn, H. P., Fuchs, H., Tillmann, R., Wahner, A.,
Saathoff, H., Naumann, K. H., Mohler, O., Leisner, T., Muller, L., Reinnig,
M. C., Hoffmann, T., Salo, K., Hallquist, M., Frosch, M., Bilde, M.,
Tritscher, T., Barmet, P., Praplan, A. P., DeCarlo, P. F., Dommen, J.,
Prevot, A. S. H., and Baltensperger, U.: Aging of biogenic secondary organic
aerosol via gas-phase OH radical reactions, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA,
109, 13503–13508, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1115186109, 2012.
Faridi, S., Bayat, R., Cohen, A. J., Sharafkhani, E., Brook, J. R., Niazi,
S., Shamsipour, M., Amini, H., Naddafi, K., and Hassanvand, M. S.: Health
burden and economic loss attributable to ambient PM2.5 in Iran based on the
ground and satellite data, Sci. Rep.-UK, 12, 14386,
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-18613-x, 2022.
Franklin, M., Koutrakis, P., and Schwartz, J.: The role of particle
composition on the association between PM2.5 and mortality, Epidemiology,
19, 680–689, https://doi.org/10.1097/EDE.0b013e3181812bb7, 2008.
Gentner, D. R., Harley, R. A., Miller, A. M., and Goldstein, A. H.: Diurnal
and Seasonal Variability of Gasoline-Related Volatile Organic Compound
Emissions in Riverside, California, Environ. Sci. Technol., 43, 4247–4252,
https://doi.org/10.1021/es9006228, 2009.
Gentner, D. R., Isaacman, G., Worton, D. R., Chan, A. W. H., Dallmann, T.
R., Davis, L., Liu, S., Day, D. A., Russell, L. M., Wilson, K. R., Weber,
R., Guha, A., Harley, R. A., and Goldstein, A. H.: Elucidating secondary
organic aerosol from diesel and gasoline vehicles through detailed
characterization of organic carbon emissions, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA,
109, 18318–18323, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1212272109, 2012.
Grieshop, A. P., Donahue, N. M., and Robinson, A. L.: Is the gas-particle
partitioning in alpha-pinene secondary organic aerosol reversible?, Geophys.
Res. Lett., 34, L14810, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007GL029987, 2007.
Harvey, R. M., Bateman, A. P., Jain, S., Li, Y. J., Martin, S., and
Petrucci, G. A.: Optical Properties of Secondary Organic Aerosol from
cis-3-Hexenol and cis-3-Hexenyl Acetate: Effect of Chemical Composition,
Humidity, and Phase, Environ. Sci. Technol., 50, 4997–5006,
https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.6b00625, 2016.
Hazarika, N., Das, A., Kamal, V., Anwar, K., Srivastava, A., and Jain, V.
K.: Particle phase PAHs in the atmosphere of Delhi-NCR: With spatial
distribution, source characterization and risk approximation, Atmos.
Environ., 200, 329–342, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2018.11.064, 2019.
He, X.: Measurement data for “Comprehensive characterization of particulate
intermediate-volatility and semi-volatile organic
compounds (I/SVOCs) from heavy-duty diesel vehicles
using two-dimensional gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry”, FigShare [data set], https://figshare.com/articles/dataset/Emission_factor_summary_the_g-p_partition_and_the_removal_effciency_xlsm/19994603, last access: 28 October 2022.
He, X., Wang, Q. Q., Huang, X. H. H., Huang, D. D., Zhou, M., Qiao, L. P.,
Zhu, S. H., Ma, Y. G., Wang, H. L., Li, L., Huang, C., Xu, W., Worsnop, D.
R., Goldstein, A. H., and Yu, J. Z.: Hourly measurements of organic
molecular markers in urban Shanghai, China: Observation of enhanced
formation of secondary organic aerosol during particulate matter episodic
periods, Atmos. Environ., 240, 1–14, 2020.
He, X., Zheng, X., Yan, Y., Zhang, S. J., Zhao, B., Wang, X., Huang, G. H.,
Chen, T., Cao, Y. H., He, L. Q., Chang, X., Wang, S. X., and Wu, Y.:
Comprehensive chemical characterization of gaseous I/SVOC emissions from
heavy-duty diesel vehicles using two-dimensional gas chromatography
time-of-flight mass spectrometry, Environ. Pollut., 305, 119284,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119284, 2022.
Huang, C., Wang, H. L., Li, L., Wang, Q., Lu, Q., de Gouw, J. A., Zhou, M., Jing, S. A., Lu, J., and Chen, C. H.: VOC species and emission inventory from vehicles and their SOA formation potentials estimation in Shanghai, China, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 11081–11096, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-11081-2015, 2015.
Kawashima, H., Minami, S., Hanai, Y., and Fushimi, A.: Volatile organic
compound emission factors from roadside measurements, Atmos. Environ., 40,
2301–2312, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2005.11.044, 2006.
Kleindienst, T. E., Jaoui, M., Lewandowski, M., Offenberg, J. H., and Docherty, K. S.: The formation of SOA and chemical tracer compounds from the photooxidation of naphthalene and its methyl analogs in the presence and absence of nitrogen oxides, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 8711–8726, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-8711-2012, 2012.
Kroll, J. H., Smith, J. D., Che, D. L., Kessler, S. H., Worsnop, D. R., and
Wilson, K. R.: Measurement of fragmentation and functionalization pathways
in the heterogeneous oxidation of oxidized organic aerosol, Phys. Chem. Chem/ Phys., 11,
8005–8014, https://doi.org/10.1039/b905289e, 2009.
Li, J. L., Wang, W. G., Li, K., Zhang, W. Y., Peng, C., Liu, M. Y., Chen,
Y., Zhou, L., Li, H., and Ge, M. F.: Effect of chemical structure on optical
properties of secondary organic aerosols derived from C-12 alkanes, Sci.
Total Environ., 751, 141620, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141620, 2021.
Li, K., Li, J. L., Wang, W. G., Li, J. J., Peng, C., Wnag, D., and Ge, M.
F.: Effects of Gas-Particle Partitioning on Refractive Index and Chemical
Composition of m-Xylene Secondary Organic Aerosol, J. Phys. Chem. A, 122,
3250–3260, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpca.7b12792, 2018.
Li, Y. J., Zhu, Y., Liu, W. J., Yu, S. Y., Tao, S., and Liu, W. X.: Modeling
multimedia fate and health risk assessment of polycyclic aromatic
hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the coastal regions of the Bohai and Yellow Seas,
Sci. Total Environ., 818, 151789, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151789, 2022.
Liu, Y., Gao, Y., Yu, N., Zhang, C., Wang, S., Ma, L., Zhao, J., and
Lohmann, R.: Particulate matter, gaseous and particulate polycyclic aromatic
hydrocarbons (PAHs) in an urban traffic tunnel of China: Emission from
on-road vehicles and gas-particle partitioning, Chemosphere, 134, 52–59,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.03.065, 2015.
Liu, Y. X., Li, Y. J., Yuan, Z. B., Wang, H. L., Sha, Q. E., Lou, S. R.,
Liu, Y. H., Hao, Y. Q., Duan, L. J., Ye, P. L., Zheng, J. Y., Yuan, B., and
Shao, M.: Identification of two main origins of intermediate-volatility
organic compound emissions from vehicles in China through two-phase
simultaneous characterization, Environ. Pollut., 281, 117020,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117020, 2021.
Lu, Q., Zhao, Y., and Robinson, A. L.: Comprehensive organic emission profiles for gasoline, diesel, and gas-turbine engines including intermediate and semi-volatile organic compound emissions, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 17637–17654, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-17637-2018, 2018.
Luo, Z., Wang, Y., Lv, Z., He, T., Zhao, J., Wang, Y., Gao, F., Zhang, Z.,
and Liu, H.: Impacts of vehicle emission on air quality and human health in
China, Sci. Total Environ., 813, 152655, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152655,
2022.
May, A. A., Presto, A. A., Hennigan, C. J., Nguyen, N. T., Gordon, T. D.,
and Robinson, A. L.: Gas-particle partitioning of primary organic aerosol
emissions: (1) Gasoline vehicle exhaust, Atmos. Environ., 77, 128–139,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2013.04.060, 2013a.
May, A. A., Presto, A. A., Hennigan, C. J., Nguyen, N. T., Gordon, T. D.,
and Robinson, A. L.: Gas-Particle Partitioning of Primary Organic Aerosol
Emissions: (2) Diesel Vehicles, Environ. Sci. Technol., 47, 8288–8296,
https://doi.org/10.1021/es400782j, 2013b.
Nguyen, G. T. H., Nguyen, T. T. T., Shimadera, H., Uranishi, K., Matsuo, T.,
and Kondo, A.: Estimating Mortality Related to O-3 and PM2.5 under Changing
Climate and Emission in Continental Southeast Asia, Aerosol Air Qual.
Res., 22, 220105, https://doi.org/10.4209/aaqr.220105, 2022.
Paasonen, P., Kupiainen, K., Klimont, Z., Visschedijk, A., Denier van der Gon, H. A. C., and Amann, M.: Continental anthropogenic primary particle number emissions, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 6823–6840, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-6823-2016, 2016.
Poorfakhraei, A., Tayarani, M., and Rowangould, G.: Evaluating health
outcomes from vehicle emissions exposure in the long range regional
transportation planning process, J. Transp. Health, 6, 501–515,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jth.2017.05.177, 2017.
Presto, A. A., Miracolo, M. A., Kroll, J. H., Worsnop, D. R., Robinson, A.
L., and Donahue, N. M.: Intermediate-Volatility Organic Compounds: A
Potential Source of Ambient Oxidized Organic Aerosol, Environ. Sci.
Technol., 43, 4744–4749, https://doi.org/10.1021/es803219q, 2009.
Qi, L. J., Liu, H., Shen, X. E., Fu, M. L., Huang, F. F., Man, H. Y., Deng,
F. Y., Shaikh, A. A., Wang, X. T., Dong, R., Song, C., and He, K. B.:
Intermediate-Volatility Organic Compound Emissions from Nonroad Construction
Machinery under Different Operation Modes, Environ. Sci. Technol., 53,
13832–13840, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.9b01316, 2019.
Ridley, D. A., Heald, C. L., Ridley, K. J., and Kroll, J. H.: Causes and
consequences of decreasing atmospheric organic aerosol in the United States,
P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 115, 290–295, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1700387115, 2018.
Saleh, R., Donahue, N. M., and Robinson, A. L.: Time Scales for Gas-Particle
Partitioning Equilibration of Secondary Organic Aerosol Formed from
Alpha-Pinene Ozonolysis, Environ. Sci. Technol., 47, 5588–5594,
https://doi.org/10.1021/es400078d, 2013.
Sitaras, I. E., Bakeas, E. B., and Siskos, P. A.: Gas/particle partitioning
of seven volatile polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in a heavy traffic urban
area, Sci. Total Environ., 327, 249–264, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2003.08.022,
2004.
Stewart, G. J., Nelson, B. S., Drysdale, W. S., Acton, W. J. F., Vaughan, A.
R., Hopkins, J. R., Dunmore, R. E., Hewitt, C. N., Nemitz, E., Mullinger,
N., Langford, B., Shivani, Reyes-Villegas, E., Gadi, R., Rickard, A. R.,
Lee, J. D., and Hamilton, J. F.: Sources of non-methane hydrocarbons in
surface air in Delhi, India, Faraday Discuss., 226, 409–431,
https://doi.org/10.1039/d0fd00087f, 2021a.
Stewart, G. J., Acton, W. J. F., Nelson, B. S., Vaughan, A. R., Hopkins, J. R., Arya, R., Mondal, A., Jangirh, R., Ahlawat, S., Yadav, L., Sharma, S. K., Dunmore, R. E., Yunus, S. S. M., Hewitt, C. N., Nemitz, E., Mullinger, N., Gadi, R., Sahu, L. K., Tripathi, N., Rickard, A. R., Lee, J. D., Mandal, T. K., and Hamilton, J. F.: Emissions of non-methane volatile organic compounds from combustion of domestic fuels in Delhi, India, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 2383–2406, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-2383-2021, 2021b.
Sun, J., Shen, Z. X., Zhang, T., Kong, S. F., Zhang, H. A., Zhang, Q., Niu,
X. Y., Huang, S. S., Xu, H. M., Ho, K. F., and Cao, J. J.: A comprehensive
evaluation of PM2.5-bound PAHs and their derivative in winter from six
megacities in China: Insight the source-dependent health risk and secondary
reactions, Environ. Int., 165, 107344, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2022.107344, 2022a.
Sun, S. Y., Zheng, N., Wang, S. J., Li, Y. Y., Hou, S. N., An, Q. R., Chen,
C. C., Li, X. Q., Ji, Y. N., and Li, P. Y.: Inhalation Bioaccessibility and
Risk Assessment of Metals in PM2.5 Based on a Multiple-Path Particle
Dosimetry Model in the Smelting District of Northeast China, Int. J. Env.
Res. Pub. He., 19, 8915, https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19158915, 2022b.
Tecer, L. H., Alagha, O., Karaca, F., Tuncel, G., and Eldes, N.: Particulate
matter (PM2.5, PM10–2.5, and PM10) and children's hospital admissions for
asthma and respiratory diseases: A bidirectional case-crossover study,
J. Toxicol. Env. Heal. A, 71,
512–520, https://doi.org/10.1080/15287390801907459, 2008.
Tkacik, D. S., Presto, A. A., Donahue, N. M., and Robinson, A. L.: Secondary
Organic Aerosol Formation from Intermediate-Volatility Organic Compounds:
Cyclic, Linear, and Branched Alkanes, Environ. Sci. Technol., 46, 8773–8781,
https://doi.org/10.1021/es301112c, 2012.
Turpin, B. J., Huntzicker, J. J., and Hering, S. V.: Investigation of
Organic Aerosol Sampling Artifacts in the Los-Angeles Basin, Atmos.
Environ., 28, 3061–3071, https://doi.org/10.1016/1352-2310(94)00133-6, 1994.
Wang, X. L., Sato, T., and Xing, B. S.: Size distribution and anthropogenic
sources apportionment of airborne trace metals in Kanazawa, Japan,
Chemosphere, 65, 2440–2448, 2006.
Zhao, Y., Hennigan, C. J., May, A. A., Tkacik, D. S., De Gouw, J. A.,
Gilman, J. B., Kuster, W. C., Borbon, A., and Robinson, A. L.:
Intermediate-Volatility Organic Compounds: A Large Source of Secondary
Organic Aerosol, Environ. Sci. Technol., 48, 13743–13750, https://doi.org/10.1021/es5035188,
2014.
Zhao, Y. L., Kreisberg, N. M., Worton, D. R., Isaacman, G., Weber, R. J.,
Liu, S., Day, D. A., Russell, L. M., Markovic, M. Z., VandenBoer, T. C.,
Murphy, J. G., Hering, S. V., and Goldstein, A. H.: Insights into Secondary
Organic Aerosol Formation Mechanisms from Measured Gas/Particle Partitioning
of Specific Organic Tracer Compounds, Environ. Sci. Technol., 47, 3781–3787,
https://doi.org/10.1021/es304587x, 2013.
Ziemann, P. J.: Effects of molecular structure on the chemistry of aerosol
formation from the OH-radical-initiated oxidation of alkanes and alkenes,
Int. Rev. Phys. Chem., 30, 161–195, https://doi.org/10.1080/0144235x.2010.550728, 2011.
Short summary
With the use of two-dimensional gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC × GC ToF-MS), we successfully give a comprehensive characterization of particulate intermediate-volatility and semi-volatile organic compounds (I/SVOCs) emitted from heavy-duty diesel vehicles. I/SVOCs are speciated, identified, and quantified based on the patterns of the mass spectrum, and the gas–particle partitioning is fully addressed.
With the use of two-dimensional gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC × GC...
Altmetrics
Final-revised paper
Preprint