Articles | Volume 22, issue 16
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-10623-2022
© Author(s) 2022. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-10623-2022
© Author(s) 2022. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
22 Aug 2022
Research article |
| 22 Aug 2022
| 22 Aug 2022
Impact of urban heat island on inorganic aerosol in the lower free troposphere: a case study in Hangzhou, China
Hanqing Kang
Key Laboratory for Aerosol-Cloud-Precipitation of China Meteorological Administration, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China
Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of
Meteorological Disaster, Nanjing University of Information Science and
Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China
Chongqing Institute of Meteorological Sciences, Chongqing Meteorological Bureau, Chongqing, 401147,
China
Bin Zhu
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Key Laboratory for Aerosol-Cloud-Precipitation of China Meteorological Administration, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China
Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of
Meteorological Disaster, Nanjing University of Information Science and
Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China
Gerrit de Leeuw
Key Laboratory for Aerosol-Cloud-Precipitation of China Meteorological Administration, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China
R&D Satellite Observations, KNMI (Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute), P.O. Box 201, 3730AE De Bilt, the Netherlands
Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences (AirCAS), Beijing, 100101, China
School of Environment Science and Spatial Informatics, University of Mining and Technology (CUMT), Xuzhou, 221116, China
Bu Yu
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Hangzhou Meteorological Bureau, Hangzhou 310051, China
Ronald J. van der A
Key Laboratory for Aerosol-Cloud-Precipitation of China Meteorological Administration, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China
R&D Satellite Observations, KNMI (Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute), P.O. Box 201, 3730AE De Bilt, the Netherlands
Wen Lu
Key Laboratory for Aerosol-Cloud-Precipitation of China Meteorological Administration, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China
Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of
Meteorological Disaster, Nanjing University of Information Science and
Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China
Related authors
Cheng Fan, Gerrit de Leeuw, Xiaoxi Yan, Jiantao Dong, Hanqing Kang, Chengwei Fang, Zhengqiang Li, and Ying Zhang
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-880, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-880, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
This study describes the analysis of time series of the MODIS-derived Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) over China between 2010 and 2024. Emission reduction policy has been effective in reducing the AOD until 2018. Thereafter the overall reduction until the end of the study was very small due to unfavorable meteorological factors cancelling favorable anthropogenic effects which resulted in AOD increase during extended periods. The variations over different areas in China are discussed.
Shuqi Yan, Bin Zhu, Shuangshuang Shi, Wen Lu, Jinhui Gao, Hanqing Kang, and Duanyang Liu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 5177–5190, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-5177-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-5177-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We analyze ozone response to aerosol mixing states in the vertical direction by WRF-Chem simulations. Aerosols generally lead to turbulent suppression, precursor accumulation, low-level photolysis reduction, and upper-level photolysis enhancement under different underlying surface and pollution conditions. Thus, ozone decreases within the entire boundary layer during the daytime, and the decrease is the least in aerosol external mixing states compared to internal and core shell mixing states.
Xi Chen, Ke Li, Ting Yang, Xipeng Jin, Lei Chen, Yang Yang, Shuman Zhao, Bo Hu, Bin Zhu, Zifa Wang, and Hong Liao
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 9151–9168, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-9151-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-9151-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Aerosol vertical distribution that plays a crucial role in aerosol–photolysis interaction (API) remains underrepresented in chemical models. We integrated lidar and radiosonde observations to constrain the simulated aerosol profiles over North China and quantified the photochemical responses. The increased photolysis rates in the lower layers led to increased ozone and accounted for a 36 %–56 % reduction in API effects, resulting in enhanced atmospheric oxidizing capacity and aerosol formation.
Jialu Xu, Yingjie Zhang, Yuying Wang, Xing Yan, Bin Zhu, Chunsong Lu, Yuanjian Yang, Yele Sun, Junhui Zhang, Xiaofan Zuo, Zhanghanshu Han, and Rui Zhang
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-3184, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-3184, 2025
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (ACP).
Short summary
Short summary
We conducted a year-long study in Nanjing to explore how the height of the atmospheric boundary layer affects fine particle pollution. We found that low boundary layers in winter trap pollutants like nitrate and primary particles, while higher layers in summer help form secondary pollutants like sulfate and organic aerosols. These findings show that boundary layer dynamics are key to understanding and managing seasonal air pollution.
Junhui Zhang, Yuying Wang, Jialu Xu, Xiaofan Zuo, Chunsong Lu, Bin Zhu, Yuanjian Yang, Xing Yan, and Yele Sun
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-3186, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-3186, 2025
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (ACP).
Short summary
Short summary
We conducted a year-long study in Nanjing to understand how tiny airborne particles take up water, which affects air quality and climate. We found that particle water uptake varies by season and size, with lower values in summer due to more organic materials. Local pollution mainly influences smaller particles, while larger ones are shaped by air mass transport. These findings help improve climate models and support better air pollution control in fast-growing cities.
Cheng Fan, Gerrit de Leeuw, Xiaoxi Yan, Jiantao Dong, Hanqing Kang, Chengwei Fang, Zhengqiang Li, and Ying Zhang
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-880, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-880, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
This study describes the analysis of time series of the MODIS-derived Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) over China between 2010 and 2024. Emission reduction policy has been effective in reducing the AOD until 2018. Thereafter the overall reduction until the end of the study was very small due to unfavorable meteorological factors cancelling favorable anthropogenic effects which resulted in AOD increase during extended periods. The variations over different areas in China are discussed.
Zhe Ji, Zhengqiang Li, Gerrit de Leeuw, Zihan Zhang, Yan Ma, Zheng Shi, Cheng Fan, and Qiao Yao
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-91, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-91, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
The global AODs for the one of few single-angle polarimeters currently in orbit, Particulate Observing Scanning Polarimeter (POSP) has been proposed. We compared them with observations from the AERONET site and MODIS AOD products. From 19314 collocations, we find an overall high accuracy for the POSP AOD product, with correlation coefficients (R) of 0.914, R2 of 0.825, a root mean square error (RMSE) of 0.085, the fraction within in expected error (EE) of 78.5 %.
Ruiyu Song, Bin Zhu, Lina Sha, Peng Qian, Fei Wang, Chunsong Lu, Yan Yin, and Yuying Wang
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-43, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-43, 2025
Preprint withdrawn
Short summary
Short summary
This study examines how anthropogenic aerosols affect rainfall during the early summer in China’s Yangtze River Delta. Using the WRF-Chem model, we found that moderate emissions increase rainfall by boosting cloud formation. However, high emissions reduce rainfall due to smaller cloud droplets, which hinder their growth. These findings highlight the complex impact of aerosol concentrations on precipitation and provide valuable data for future research on aerosol-cloud-precipitation interactions.
Ying Zhang, Yuanyuan Wei, Gerrit de Leeuw, Ouyang Liu, Yu Chen, Yang Lv, Yuanxun Zhang, and Zhengqiang Li
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-360, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-360, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) is a major pollutant which at high concentrations may affect human health. We evaluated the remote sensing column NO2 in relation to near-surface concentrations throughout the day and found that the prohibition of vertical transport in the morning and the mixing in the afternoon resulted in different relations between the NS and TC NO2 concentrations. These different relationships have consequences for the use of satellite remote sensing to estimate NS NO2 concentrations.
Yutao Chen, Ronald J. van der A, Jieying Ding, Henk Eskes, Jason E. Williams, Nicolas Theys, Athanasios Tsikerdekis, and Pieternel F. Levelt
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 1851–1868, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-1851-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-1851-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
There is a lack of local SO2 top-down emission inventories in India. With the improvement in the divergence method and the derivation of SO2 local lifetime, gridded SO2 emissions over a large area can be estimated efficiently. This method can be applied to any region in the world to derive SO2 emissions. Especially for regions with high latitudes, our methodology has the potential to significantly improve the top-down derivation of SO2 emissions.
Jieying Ding, Ronald van der A, Henk Eskes, Enrico Dammers, Mark Shephard, Roy Wichink Kruit, Marc Guevara, and Leonor Tarrason
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 10583–10599, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-10583-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-10583-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Here we applied the existing Daily Emissions Constrained by Satellite Observations (DECSO) inversion algorithm to NH3 observations from the CrIS satellite instrument to estimate NH3 emissions. As NH3 in the atmosphere is influenced by NOx, we implemented DECSO to estimate NOx and NH3 emissions simultaneously. The emissions are derived over Europe for 2020 at a spatial resolution of 0.2° using daily observations from CrIS and TROPOMI. Results are compared to bottom-up emission inventories.
Mengyao Liu, Ronald van der A, Michiel van Weele, Lotte Bryan, Henk Eskes, Pepijn Veefkind, Yongxue Liu, Xiaojuan Lin, Jos de Laat, and Jieying Ding
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 17, 5261–5277, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-5261-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-5261-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
A new divergence method was developed and applied to estimate methane emissions from TROPOMI observations over the Middle East, where it is typically challenging for a satellite to measure methane due to its complicated orography and surface albedo. Our results show the potential of TROPOMI to quantify methane emissions from various sources rather than big emitters from space after objectively excluding the artifacts in the retrieval.
Ronald J. van der A, Jieying Ding, and Henk Eskes
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 7523–7534, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-7523-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-7523-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Using observations of the Sentinel-5P satellite and the latest version of the inversion algorithm DECSO, anthropogenic NOx emissions are derived for Europe for the years 2019–2022 with a spatial resolution of 0.2°. The results are compared with European emissions of the Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service.
Yuqin Liu, Tao Lin, Jiahua Zhang, Fu Wang, Yiyi Huang, Xian Wu, Hong Ye, Guoqin Zhang, Xin Cao, and Gerrit de Leeuw
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 4651–4673, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-4651-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-4651-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
A new method, the geographical detector method (GDM), has been applied to satellite data, in addition to commonly used statistical methods, to study the sensitivity of cloud properties to aerosol over China. Different constraints for aerosol and cloud liquid water path apply over polluted and clean areas. The GDM shows that cloud parameters are more sensitive to combinations of parameters than to individual parameters, but confounding effects due to co-variation of parameters cannot be excluded.
Adrianus de Laat, Jos van Geffen, Piet Stammes, Ronald van der A, Henk Eskes, and J. Pepijn Veefkind
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 4511–4535, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-4511-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-4511-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Removal of stratospheric nitrogen oxides is crucial for the formation of the ozone hole. TROPOMI satellite measurements of nitrogen dioxide reveal the presence of a not dissimilar "nitrogen hole" that largely coincides with the ozone hole. Three very distinct regimes were identified: inside and outside the ozone hole and the transition zone in between. Our results introduce a valuable and innovative application highly relevant for Antarctic ozone hole and ozone layer recovery.
Ouyang Liu, Zhengqiang Li, Yangyan Lin, Cheng Fan, Ying Zhang, Kaitao Li, Peng Zhang, Yuanyuan Wei, Tianzeng Chen, Jiantao Dong, and Gerrit de Leeuw
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 17, 377–395, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-377-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-377-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) is a trace gas which is important for atmospheric chemistry and may affect human health. To understand processes leading to harmful concentrations, it is important to monitor NO2 concentrations near the surface and higher up. To this end, a Pandora instrument has been installed in Beijing. An overview of the first year of data shows the large variability on diurnal to seasonal timescales and how this is affected by wind speed and direction and chemistry.
Xuewei Hou, Oliver Wild, Bin Zhu, and James Lee
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 15395–15411, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-15395-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-15395-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
In response to the climate crisis, many countries have committed to net zero in a certain future year. The impacts of net-zero scenarios on tropospheric O3 are less well studied and remain unclear. In this study, we quantified the changes of tropospheric O3 budgets, spatiotemporal distributions of future surface O3 in east Asia and regional O3 source contributions for 2060 under a net-zero scenario using the NCAR Community Earth System Model (CESM) and online O3-tagging methods.
Naifu Shao, Chunsong Lu, Xingcan Jia, Yuan Wang, Yubin Li, Yan Yin, Bin Zhu, Tianliang Zhao, Duanyang Liu, Shengjie Niu, Shuxian Fan, Shuqi Yan, and Jingjing Lv
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 9873–9890, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-9873-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-9873-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Fog is an important meteorological phenomenon that affects visibility. Aerosols and the planetary boundary layer (PBL) play critical roles in the fog life cycle. In this study, aerosol-induced changes in fog properties become more remarkable in the second fog (Fog2) than in the first fog (Fog1). The reason is that aerosol–cloud interaction (ACI) delays Fog1 dissipation, leading to the PBL meteorological conditions being more conducive to Fog2 formation and to stronger ACI in Fog2.
Chenwei Fang, Jim M. Haywood, Ju Liang, Ben T. Johnson, Ying Chen, and Bin Zhu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 8341–8368, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-8341-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-8341-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The responses of Asian summer monsoon duration and intensity to air pollution mitigation are identified given the net-zero future. We show that reducing scattering aerosols makes the rainy season longer and stronger across South Asia and East Asia but that absorbing aerosol reduction has the opposite effect. Our results hint at distinct monsoon responses to emission controls that target different aerosols.
Xiaojuan Lin, Ronald van der A, Jos de Laat, Henk Eskes, Frédéric Chevallier, Philippe Ciais, Zhu Deng, Yuanhao Geng, Xuanren Song, Xiliang Ni, Da Huo, Xinyu Dou, and Zhu Liu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 6599–6611, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-6599-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-6599-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Satellite observations provide evidence for CO2 emission signals from isolated power plants. We use these satellite observations to quantify emissions. We found that for power plants with multiple observations, the correlation of estimated and reported emissions is significantly improved compared to a single observation case. This demonstrates that accurate estimation of power plant emissions can be achieved by monitoring from future satellite missions with more frequent observations.
Wen Lu, Bin Zhu, Shuqi Yan, Jie Li, and Zifa Wang
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-1089, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-1089, 2023
Preprint archived
Short summary
Short summary
Parameterized the minimum turbulent diffusivity (Kzmin) by sensible heat flux and latent heat flux and embedded it into the WRF-Chem model. New scheme improved the underestimation of turbulence diffusion underestimation and overestimation of surface PM2.5 under stable boundary layer simulation over eastern China. The physical relationship between Kzmin and two factors was discussed. Process analysis showed that vertical mixing is the key process to improve surface PM2.5 simulations.
Xiumei Zhang, Ronald van der A, Jieying Ding, Xin Zhang, and Yan Yin
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 5587–5604, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-5587-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-5587-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We compiled a ship emission inventory based on automatic identification system (AIS) signals in the Jiangsu section of the Yangtze River. This ship emission inventory was compared with Chinese bottom-up inventories and the satellite-derived emissions from TROPOMI. The result shows a consistent spatial distribution, with riverine cities having high NOx emissions. Inland ship emissions of NOx are shown to contribute at least 40 % to air pollution along the river.
Shuqi Yan, Bin Zhu, Shuangshuang Shi, Wen Lu, Jinhui Gao, Hanqing Kang, and Duanyang Liu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 5177–5190, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-5177-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-5177-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We analyze ozone response to aerosol mixing states in the vertical direction by WRF-Chem simulations. Aerosols generally lead to turbulent suppression, precursor accumulation, low-level photolysis reduction, and upper-level photolysis enhancement under different underlying surface and pollution conditions. Thus, ozone decreases within the entire boundary layer during the daytime, and the decrease is the least in aerosol external mixing states compared to internal and core shell mixing states.
Zefeng Zhang, Hengnan Guo, Hanqing Kang, Jing Wang, Junlin An, Xingna Yu, Jingjing Lv, and Bin Zhu
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 15, 7259–7264, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-7259-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-7259-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
In this study, we first analyze the relationship between the visibility, the extinction coefficient, and atmospheric compositions. Then we propose to use the harmonic average of visibility data as the average visibility, which can better reflect changes in atmospheric extinction coefficients and aerosol concentrations. It is recommended to use the harmonic average visibility in the studies of climate change, atmospheric radiation, air pollution, environmental health, etc.
Xin Zhang, Yan Yin, Ronald van der A, Henk Eskes, Jos van Geffen, Yunyao Li, Xiang Kuang, Jeff L. Lapierre, Kui Chen, Zhongxiu Zhen, Jianlin Hu, Chuan He, Jinghua Chen, Rulin Shi, Jun Zhang, Xingrong Ye, and Hao Chen
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 5925–5942, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-5925-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-5925-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The importance of convection to the ozone and nitrogen oxides (NOx) produced from lightning has long been an open question. We utilize the high-resolution chemistry model with ozonesondes and space observations to discuss the effects of convection over southeastern China, where few studies have been conducted. Our results show the transport and chemistry contributions for various storms and demonstrate the ability of TROPOMI to estimate the lightning NOx production over small-scale convection.
Boming Liu, Jianping Guo, Wei Gong, Yong Zhang, Lijuan Shi, Yingying Ma, Jian Li, Xiaoran Guo, Ad Stoffelen, Gerrit de Leeuw, and Xiaofeng Xu
Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2022-26, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2022-26, 2022
Publication in AMT not foreseen
Short summary
Short summary
Aeolus is the first satellite mission to directly observe wind profile information on a global scale. However, Aeolus wind products over China were thus far not evaluated by in-situ comparison. This work is the comparison of wind speed on a large scale between the Aeolus, ERA5 and RS , shedding important light on the data application of Aeolus wind products.
Zhenbin Wang, Bin Zhu, Hanqing Kang, Wen Lu, Shuqi Yan, Delong Zhao, Weihang Zhang, and Jinhui Gao
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 15555–15567, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-15555-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-15555-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
In this paper, by using WRF-Chem with a black carbon (BC) tagging technique, we investigate the formation mechanism and regional sources of a BC peak in the free troposphere observed by aircraft flights. Local sources dominated BC from the surface to about 700 m (78.5 %), while the BC peak in the free troposphere was almost entirely imported from external sources (99.8 %). Our results indicate that cyclone systems can quickly lift BC up to the free troposphere, as well as extend its lifetime.
Yuqin Liu, Tao Lin, Juan Hong, Yonghong Wang, Lamei Shi, Yiyi Huang, Xian Wu, Hao Zhou, Jiahua Zhang, and Gerrit de Leeuw
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 12331–12358, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-12331-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-12331-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The four-dimensional variation of aerosol properties over the BTH, YRD and PRD (east China) were investigated using satellite observations from 2007 to 2020. Distinct differences between the aerosol optical depth and vertical distribution of the occurrence of aerosol types over these regions depend on season, aerosol loading and meteorological conditions. Day–night differences between the vertical distribution of aerosol types suggest effects of boundary layer dynamics and aerosol transport.
Meng Gao, Yang Yang, Hong Liao, Bin Zhu, Yuxuan Zhang, Zirui Liu, Xiao Lu, Chen Wang, Qiming Zhou, Yuesi Wang, Qiang Zhang, Gregory R. Carmichael, and Jianlin Hu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 11405–11421, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-11405-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-11405-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Light absorption and radiative forcing of black carbon (BC) is influenced by both BC itself and its interactions with other aerosol chemical compositions. In this study, we used the online coupled WRF-Chem model to examine how emission control measures during the Asian-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) conference affect the mixing state and light absorption of BC and the associated implications for BC-PBL interactions.
Cheng Fan, Zhengqiang Li, Ying Li, Jiantao Dong, Ronald van der A, and Gerrit de Leeuw
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 7723–7748, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-7723-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-7723-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Emission control policy in China has resulted in the decrease of nitrogen dioxide concentrations, which however leveled off and stabilized in recent years, as shown from satellite data. The effects of the further emission reduction during the COVID-19 lockdown in 2020 resulted in an initial improvement of air quality, which, however, was offset by chemical and meteorological effects. The study shows the regional dependence over east China, and results have a wider application than China only.
Wannan Wang, Ronald van der A, Jieying Ding, Michiel van Weele, and Tianhai Cheng
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 7253–7269, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-7253-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-7253-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We developed a method to determine the type of photochemical regime of ozone formation by using only satellite observations of formaldehyde and nitrogen dioxide as well as ozone measurements on the ground. It was found that many cities in China, because of their high level of air pollution, are in the so-called VOC-limited photochemical regime. This means that the current reductions of nitrogen dioxide resulted in higher levels of photochemical smog in these cities.
Nick Schutgens, Oleg Dubovik, Otto Hasekamp, Omar Torres, Hiren Jethva, Peter J. T. Leonard, Pavel Litvinov, Jens Redemann, Yohei Shinozuka, Gerrit de Leeuw, Stefan Kinne, Thomas Popp, Michael Schulz, and Philip Stier
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 6895–6917, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-6895-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-6895-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Absorptive aerosol has a potentially large impact on climate change. We evaluate and intercompare four global satellite datasets of absorptive aerosol optical depth (AAOD) and single-scattering albedo (SSA). We show that these datasets show reasonable correlations with the AErosol RObotic NETwork (AERONET) reference, although significant biases remain. In a follow-up paper we show that these observations nevertheless can be used for model evaluation.
Hengnan Guo, Zefeng Zhang, Lin Jiang, Junlin An, Bin Zhu, Hanqing Kang, and Jing Wang
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 14, 2441–2450, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-2441-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-2441-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Visibility is an indicator of atmospheric transparency and is widely used in many research fields. Although efforts have been made to improve the performance of visibility meters, a significant error exists in measured visibility data. This is because current methods of visibility measurement include a false assumption, which leads to the long-term neglect of an important source of visibility errors. Without major adjustments to current methods, it is not possible to obtain reliable data.
Nicola Zoppetti, Simone Ceccherini, Bruno Carli, Samuele Del Bianco, Marco Gai, Cecilia Tirelli, Flavio Barbara, Rossana Dragani, Antti Arola, Jukka Kujanpää, Jacob C. A. van Peet, Ronald van der A, and Ugo Cortesi
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 14, 2041–2053, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-2041-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-2041-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The new platforms for Earth observation from space will provide an enormous amount of data that can be hard to exploit as a whole. The Complete Data Fusion algorithm can reduce the data volume while retaining the information of the full dataset. In this work, we applied the Complete Data Fusion algorithm to simulated ozone profiles, and the results show that the fused products are characterized by higher information content compared to individual L2 products.
Wannan Wang, Tianhai Cheng, Ronald J. van der A, Jos de Laat, and Jason E. Williams
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 14, 1673–1687, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-1673-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-1673-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
This paper is an evaluation of the AIRS and MLS ozone (O3) algorithms via comparison with daytime and night-time O3 datasets. Results show that further refinements of the AIRS O3 algorithm are required for better surface emissivity retrievals and that cloud cover is another problem that needs to be solved. An inconsistency is found in the
AscDescModeflag of the MLS v4.20 standard O3 product for 90–60° S and 60–90° N, resulting in inconsistent O3 profiles in these regions before May 2015.
Jianping Guo, Boming Liu, Wei Gong, Lijuan Shi, Yong Zhang, Yingying Ma, Jian Zhang, Tianmeng Chen, Kaixu Bai, Ad Stoffelen, Gerrit de Leeuw, and Xiaofeng Xu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 2945–2958, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-2945-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-2945-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Vertical wind profiles are crucial to a wide range of atmospheric disciplines. Aeolus is the first satellite mission to directly observe wind profile information on a global scale. However, Aeolus wind products over China have thus far not been evaluated by in situ comparison. This work is expected to let the public and science community better know the Aeolus wind products and to encourage use of these valuable data in future research and applications.
Boming Liu, Jianping Guo, Wei Gong, Yong Zhang, Lijuan Shi, Yingying Ma, Jian Li, Xiaoran Guo, Ad Stoffelen, Gerrit de Leeuw, and Xiaofeng Xu
Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2021-41, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2021-41, 2021
Revised manuscript not accepted
Short summary
Short summary
Vertical wind profiles are crucial to a wide range of atmospheric disciplines. Aeolus is the first satellite mission to directly observe wind profile information on a global scale. However, Aeolus wind products over China were thus far not evaluated by in-situ comparison. This work is expected to let the public and science community better know the Aeolus wind products and to encourage use of these valuable data in future researches and applications.
Ying Zhang, Zhengqiang Li, Yu Chen, Gerrit de Leeuw, Chi Zhang, Yisong Xie, and Kaitao Li
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 12795–12811, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-12795-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-12795-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Observation of atmospheric aerosol components plays an important role in reducing uncertainty in climate assessment. In this study, an improved remote sensing method which can better distinguish scattering components is developed, and the aerosol components in the atmospheric column over China are retrieved based on the Sun–sky radiometer Observation NETwork (SONET). The component distribution shows there could be a sea salt component in northwest China from a paleomarine source in desert land.
Nick Schutgens, Andrew M. Sayer, Andreas Heckel, Christina Hsu, Hiren Jethva, Gerrit de Leeuw, Peter J. T. Leonard, Robert C. Levy, Antti Lipponen, Alexei Lyapustin, Peter North, Thomas Popp, Caroline Poulsen, Virginia Sawyer, Larisa Sogacheva, Gareth Thomas, Omar Torres, Yujie Wang, Stefan Kinne, Michael Schulz, and Philip Stier
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 12431–12457, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-12431-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-12431-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
We intercompare 14 different datasets of satellite observations of aerosol. Such measurements are challenging but also provide the best opportunity to globally observe an atmospheric component strongly related to air pollution and climate change. Our study shows that most datasets perform similarly well on a global scale but that locally errors can be quite different. We develop a technique to estimate satellite errors everywhere, even in the absence of surface reference data.
Jinhui Gao, Ying Li, Bin Zhu, Bo Hu, Lili Wang, and Fangwen Bao
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 10831–10844, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-10831-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-10831-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Light extinction of aerosols can decease surface ozone mainly via reducing photochemical production of ozone. However, it also leads to high levels of ozone aloft being entrained down to the surface which partly counteracts the reduction in surface ozone. The impact of aerosols is more sensitive to local ozone, which suggests that while controlling the levels of aerosols, controlling the local ozone precursors is an effective way to suppress the increase of ozone over China at present.
Cited articles
Aan de Brugh, J. M. J., Henzing, J. S., Schaap, M., Morgan, W. T., van Heerwaarden, C. C., Weijers, E. P., Coe, H., and Krol, M. C.: Modelling the partitioning of ammonium nitrate in the convective boundary layer, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 3005–3023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-3005-2012, 2012.
Baik, J. J., Kim, Y. H., Kim, J. J., and Han, J. Y.: Effects of
boundary-layer stability on urban heat island-induced circulation,
Theor. Appl. Climatol., 89, 73–81, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00704-006-0254-4,
2006.
Changnon, S. A.: Rainfall Changes in Summer Caused by St. Louis, Science,
205, 402–404, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.205.4404.402, 1979.
Crutzen, P.: New Directions: The growing urban heat and pollution “island”
effect – impact on chemistry and climate, Atmos. Environ., 38,
3539–3540, https://doi.org/10.1016/s1352-2310(04)00297-3, 2004.
Curci, G., Ferrero, L., Tuccella, P., Barnaba, F., Angelini, F., Bolzacchini, E., Carbone, C., Denier van der Gon, H. A. C., Facchini, M. C., Gobbi, G. P., Kuenen, J. P. P., Landi, T. C., Perrino, C., Perrone, M. G., Sangiorgi, G., and Stocchi, P.: How much is particulate matter near the ground influenced by upper-level processes within and above the PBL? A summertime case study in Milan (Italy) evidences the distinctive role of nitrate, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 2629–2649, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-2629-2015, 2015.
Emmons, L. K., Walters, S., Hess, P. G., Lamarque, J.-F., Pfister, G. G., Fillmore, D., Granier, C., Guenther, A., Kinnison, D., Laepple, T., Orlando, J., Tie, X., Tyndall, G., Wiedinmyer, C., Baughcum, S. L., and Kloster, S.: Description and evaluation of the Model for Ozone and Related chemical Tracers, version 4 (MOZART-4), Geosci. Model Dev., 3, 43–67, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-3-43-2010, 2010.
Gao, W., Tie, X., Xu, J., Huang, R., Mao, X., Zhou, G., and Chang, L.:
Long-term trend of O3 in a mega City (Shanghai), China: Characteristics,
causes, and interactions with precursors, Sci. Total Environ., 603–604,
425–433, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.06.099, 2017.
Gipson, G. L.: Science Algorithms of the EPA Models-3 Community Multiscale
Air Quality (CMAQ) Modeling System: Process analysis, EPA/600/R-99/030, U.S.
EPA, https://www.cmascenter.org/cmaq/science_documentation/pdf/ch16.pdf (last access: 6 June 2022), 1999.
Guenther, A. B., Jiang, X., Heald, C. L., Sakulyanontvittaya, T., Duhl, T., Emmons, L. K., and Wang, X.: The Model of Emissions of Gases and Aerosols from Nature version 2.1 (MEGAN2.1): an extended and updated framework for modeling biogenic emissions, Geosci. Model Dev., 5, 1471–1492, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-5-1471-2012, 2012.
Kang, H., Zhu, B., de Leeuw, G., Yu, B., van der A, R. J., and Lu, W: Impact of urban heat island on inorganic aerosol in the lower free troposphere: a case study in Hangzhou, China, Zenodo [data set], https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6983877, 2022.
Kang, H.-Q., Zhu, B., Zhu, T., Sun, J.-L., and Ou, J.-J.: Impact of Megacity
Shanghai on the Urban Heat-Island Effects over the Downstream City Kunshan,
Bound.-Lay. Meteorol., 152, 411–426, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10546-014-9927-1, 2014.
Kim, Y. P., Seinfeld, J. H., and Saxena, P.: Atmospheric Gas-Aerosol
Equilibrium I. Thermodynamic Model, Aerosol Sci. Tech., 19,
157–181, https://doi.org/10.1080/02786829308959628, 1993.
Li, H., Meier, F., Lee, X., Chakraborty, T., Liu, J., Schaap, M., and
Sodoudi, S.: Interaction between urban heat island and urban pollution
island during summer in Berlin, Sci. Total Environ., 636, 818–828,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.04.254, 2018.
Li, Y., Zhang, J., Sailor, D. J., and Ban-Weiss, G. A.: Effects of urbanization on regional meteorology and air quality in Southern California, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 4439–4457, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-4439-2019, 2019.
Li, Z., Guo, J., Ding, A., Liao, H., Liu, J., Sun, Y., Wang, T., Xue, H.,
Zhang, H., and Zhu, B.: Aerosol and boundary-layer interactions and impact
on air quality, Natl. Sci. Rev., 4, 810–833, https://doi.org/10.1093/nsr/nwx117,
2017.
Liao, J., Wang, T., Jiang, Z., Zhuang, B., Xie, M., Yin, C., Wang, X., Zhu,
J., Fu, Y., and Zhang, Y.: WRF/Chem modeling of the impacts of urban
expansion on regional climate and air pollutants in Yangtze River Delta,
China, Atmos. Environ., 106, 204–214,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2015.01.059, 2015.
Liu, H., Ma, W., Qian, J., Cai, J., Ye, X., Li, J., and Wang, X.: Effect of
urbanization on the urban meteorology and air pollution in Hangzhou, J.
Meteorol. Res., 29, 950–965, https://doi.org/10.1007/s13351-015-5013-y, 2016.
Ma, Y., Ye, J., Xin, J., Zhang, W., Vilà-Guerau de Arellano, J., Wang,
S., Zhao, D., Dai, L., Ma, Y., Wu, X., Xia, X., Tang, G., Wang, Y., Shen,
P., Lei, Y., and Martin, S. T.: The Stove, Dome, and Umbrella Effects of
Atmospheric Aerosol on the Development of the Planetary Boundary Layer in
Hazy Regions, Geophys. Res. Lett., 47, e2020GL087373, https://doi.org/10.1029/2020gl087373, 2020.
Mozurkewich, M.: The dissociation constant of ammonium nitrate and its
dependence on temperature, relative humidity and particle size, Atmos.
Environ. A.-Gen., 27, 261–270,
https://doi.org/10.1016/0960-1686(93)90356-4, 1993.
Narumi, D., Kondo, A., and Shimoda, Y.: The effect of the increase in urban
temperature on the concentration of photochemical oxidants, Atmos.
Environ., 43, 2348–2359, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2009.01.028, 2009.
Neuman, J. A.: Variability in ammonium nitrate formation and nitric acid
depletion with altitude and location over California, J. Geophys.
Res., 108, 4557, https://doi.org/10.1029/2003jd003616, 2003.
Oke, T. R., Mills, G., Christen, A., and Voogt, J. A.: Urban climates, 1st edn.,
Cambridge University Press, University Printing House, Cambridge CB2 8BS,
United Kingdom, ISBN 9781139016476, https://doi.org/10.1017/9781139016476, 2017.
Rotach, M. W., Vogt, R., Bernhofer, C., Batchvarova, E., Christen, A.,
Clappier, A., Feddersen, B., Gryning, S. E., Martucci, G., Mayer, H., Mitev,
V., Oke, T. R., Parlow, E., Richner, H., Roth, M., Roulet, Y. A., Ruffieux,
D., Salmond, J. A., Schatzmann, M., and Voogt, J. A.: BUBBLE – an Urban
Boundary Layer Meteorology Project, Theor. Appl. Climatol., 81,
231–261, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00704-004-0117-9, 2005.
Tao, W.-K., Chen, J.-P., Li, Z., Wang, C., and Zhang, C.: Impact of aerosols
on convective clouds and precipitation, Rev. Geophys., 50, RG2001,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2011rg000369, 2012.
Ulpiani, G.: On the linkage between urban heat island and urban pollution
island: Three-decade literature review towards a conceptual framework, Sci.
Total Environ., 751, 141727, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141727, 2021.
Wan, H., Zhong, Z., Yang, X., and Li, X.: Impact of city belt in Yangtze
River Delta in China on a precipitation process in summer: A case study,
Atmos. Res., 125–126, 63–75, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2013.02.004, 2013.
Wang, Q., Kwan, M. P., Zhou, K., Fan, J., Wang, Y., and Zhan, D.: The
impacts of urbanization on fine particulate matter (PM2.5) concentrations:
Empirical evidence from 135 countries worldwide, Environ. Pollut., 247,
989–998, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2019.01.086, 2019.
Xie, M., Liao, J., Wang, T., Zhu, K., Zhuang, B., Han, Y., Li, M., and Li, S.: Modeling of the anthropogenic heat flux and its effect on regional meteorology and air quality over the Yangtze River Delta region, China, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 6071–6089, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-6071-2016, 2016.
Zhao, B., Jiang, J. H., Gu, Y., Diner, D., Worden, J., Liou, K.-N., Su, H.,
Xing, J., Garay, M., and Huang, L.: Decadal-scale trends in regional aerosol
particle properties and their linkage to emission changes, Environ.
Res. Lett., 12, 054021, https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/aa6cb2, 2017.
Zhong, S., Qian, Y., Zhao, C., Leung, R., and Yang, X.-Q.: A case study of
urbanization impact on summer precipitation in the Greater Beijing
Metropolitan Area: Urban heat island versus aerosol effects, J.
Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 120, 10903–10914,
https://doi.org/10.1002/2015jd023753, 2015.
Zhan, C. and Xie, M.: Land use and anthropogenic heat modulate ozone by meteorology: a perspective from the Yangtze River Delta region, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 1351–1371, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-1351-2022, 2022.
Zhu, B., Kang, H., Zhu, T., Su, J., Hou, X., and Gao, J.: Impact of Shanghai
urban land surface forcing on downstream city ozone chemistry, J.
Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 120, 4340–4351, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014jd022859,
2015.
Zhu, K., Xie, M., Wang, T., Cai, J., Li, S., and Feng, W.: A modeling study
on the effect of urban land surface forcing to regional meteorology and air
quality over South China, Atmos. Environ., 152, 389–404,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2016.12.053, 2017.
Short summary
This study quantified the contribution of each urban-induced meteorological effect (temperature, humidity, and circulation) to aerosol concentration. We found that the urban heat island (UHI) circulation dominates the UHI effects on aerosol. The UHI circulation transports aerosol and its precursor gases from the warmer lower boundary layer to the colder lower free troposphere and promotes the secondary formation of ammonium nitrate aerosol in the cold atmosphere.
This study quantified the contribution of each urban-induced meteorological effect (temperature,...
Altmetrics
Final-revised paper
Preprint