Articles | Volume 20, issue 24
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-15907-2020
© Author(s) 2020. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-15907-2020
© Author(s) 2020. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
21 Dec 2020
Research article |
| 21 Dec 2020
| 21 Dec 2020
Sources and characteristics of size-resolved particulate organic acids and methanesulfonate in a coastal megacity: Manila, Philippines
Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of
Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA
Melliza Templonuevo Cruz
Manila Observatory, Quezon City, 1108, Philippines
Institute of Environmental Science and Meteorology, University of the
Philippines, Diliman, Quezon City, 1101, Philippines
Paola Angela Bañaga
Manila Observatory, Quezon City, 1108, Philippines
Department of Physics, School of Science and Engineering, Ateneo de
Manila University, Quezon City, 1108, Philippines
Grace Betito
Manila Observatory, Quezon City, 1108, Philippines
Department of Physics, School of Science and Engineering, Ateneo de
Manila University, Quezon City, 1108, Philippines
Rachel A. Braun
Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of
Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA
Mojtaba Azadi Aghdam
Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of
Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA
Maria Obiminda Cambaliza
Manila Observatory, Quezon City, 1108, Philippines
Department of Physics, School of Science and Engineering, Ateneo de
Manila University, Quezon City, 1108, Philippines
Genevieve Rose Lorenzo
Manila Observatory, Quezon City, 1108, Philippines
Department of Hydrology and Atmospheric Sciences, University of
Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA
Alexander B. MacDonald
Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of
Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA
Miguel Ricardo A. Hilario
Manila Observatory, Quezon City, 1108, Philippines
Preciosa Corazon Pabroa
Philippine Nuclear Research Institute – Department of Science and
Technology, Commonwealth Avenue, Diliman, Quezon City, 1101, Philippines
John Robin Yee
Philippine Nuclear Research Institute – Department of Science and
Technology, Commonwealth Avenue, Diliman, Quezon City, 1101, Philippines
James Bernard Simpas
Manila Observatory, Quezon City, 1108, Philippines
Department of Physics, School of Science and Engineering, Ateneo de
Manila University, Quezon City, 1108, Philippines
Armin Sorooshian
Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of
Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA
Department of Hydrology and Atmospheric Sciences, University of
Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA
Related authors
Ewan Crosbie, Luke D. Ziemba, Michael A. Shook, Claire E. Robinson, Edward L. Winstead, K. Lee Thornhill, Rachel A. Braun, Alexander B. MacDonald, Connor Stahl, Armin Sorooshian, Susan C. van den Heever, Joshua P. DiGangi, Glenn S. Diskin, Sarah Woods, Paola Bañaga, Matthew D. Brown, Francesca Gallo, Miguel Ricardo A. Hilario, Carolyn E. Jordan, Gabrielle R. Leung, Richard H. Moore, Kevin J. Sanchez, Taylor J. Shingler, and Elizabeth B. Wiggins
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 13269–13302, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-13269-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-13269-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The linkage between cloud droplet and aerosol particle chemical composition was analyzed using samples collected in a polluted tropical marine environment. Variations in the droplet composition were related to physical and dynamical processes in clouds to assess their relative significance across three cases that spanned a range of rainfall amounts. In spite of the pollution, sea salt still remained a major contributor to the droplet composition and was preferentially enhanced in rainwater.
Connor Stahl, Ewan Crosbie, Paola Angela Bañaga, Grace Betito, Rachel A. Braun, Zenn Marie Cainglet, Maria Obiminda Cambaliza, Melliza Templonuevo Cruz, Julie Mae Dado, Miguel Ricardo A. Hilario, Gabrielle Frances Leung, Alexander B. MacDonald, Angela Monina Magnaye, Jeffrey Reid, Claire Robinson, Michael A. Shook, James Bernard Simpas, Shane Marie Visaga, Edward Winstead, Luke Ziemba, and Armin Sorooshian
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 14109–14129, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-14109-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-14109-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
A total of 159 cloud water samples were collected and measured for total organic carbon (TOC) during CAMP2Ex. On average, 30 % of TOC was speciated based on carboxylic/sulfonic acids and dimethylamine. Results provide a critical constraint on cloud composition and vertical profiles of TOC and organic species ranging from ~250 m to ~ 7 km and representing a variety of cloud types and air mass source influences such as biomass burning, marine emissions, anthropogenic activity, and dust.
Genevieve Rose Lorenzo, Paola Angela Bañaga, Maria Obiminda Cambaliza, Melliza Templonuevo Cruz, Mojtaba AzadiAghdam, Avelino Arellano, Grace Betito, Rachel Braun, Andrea F. Corral, Hossein Dadashazar, Eva-Lou Edwards, Edwin Eloranta, Robert Holz, Gabrielle Leung, Lin Ma, Alexander B. MacDonald, Jeffrey S. Reid, James Bernard Simpas, Connor Stahl, Shane Marie Visaga, and Armin Sorooshian
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 6155–6173, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-6155-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-6155-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Firework emissions change the physicochemical and optical properties of water-soluble particles, which subsequently alters the background aerosol’s respirability, influence on surroundings, ability to uptake gases, and viability as cloud condensation nuclei (CCN). There was heavy aerosol loading due to fireworks in the boundary layer. The aerosol constituents were largely water-soluble and submicrometer in size due to both inorganic salts in firework materials and gas-to-particle conversion.
Rachel A. Braun, Mojtaba Azadi Aghdam, Paola Angela Bañaga, Grace Betito, Maria Obiminda Cambaliza, Melliza Templonuevo Cruz, Genevieve Rose Lorenzo, Alexander B. MacDonald, James Bernard Simpas, Connor Stahl, and Armin Sorooshian
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 2387–2405, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-2387-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-2387-2020, 2020
Melliza Templonuevo Cruz, Paola Angela Bañaga, Grace Betito, Rachel A. Braun, Connor Stahl, Mojtaba Azadi Aghdam, Maria Obiminda Cambaliza, Hossein Dadashazar, Miguel Ricardo Hilario, Genevieve Rose Lorenzo, Lin Ma, Alexander B. MacDonald, Preciosa Corazon Pabroa, John Robin Yee, James Bernard Simpas, and Armin Sorooshian
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 10675–10696, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-10675-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-10675-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
This study is the first to report size-resolved PM mass and composition in metro Manila, Philippines. The results, which focus on the southwest monsoon season (SWM), are important with regard to understanding the competition between local sources and long-range transport, characterizing the properties of aerosol impacted by both aqueous processing and wet scavenging, and providing contextual data for comparison with other monsoonal regions and coastal megacities.
Kira Zeider, Kayla McCauley, Sanja Dmitrovic, Leong Wai Siu, Yonghoon Choi, Ewan C. Crosbie, Joshua P. DiGangi, Glenn S. Diskin, Simon Kirschler, John B. Nowak, Michael A. Shook, Kenneth L. Thornhill, Christiane Voigt, Edward L. Winstead, Luke D. Ziemba, Paquita Zuidema, and Armin Sorooshian
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 2407–2422, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-2407-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-2407-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
In situ aircraft data collected over the northwest Atlantic Ocean are utilized to compare aerosol conditions and turbulence between near-surface and below-cloud-base altitudes for different regimes of coupling strength between those two levels, along with how cloud microphysical properties vary across those regimes. Stronger coupling yields more homogenous aerosol structure vertically along with higher cloud drop concentrations and sea salt influence in clouds.
Hongyu Liu, Bo Zhang, Richard H. Moore, Luke D. Ziemba, Richard A. Ferrare, Hyundeok Choi, Armin Sorooshian, David Painemal, Hailong Wang, Michael A. Shook, Amy Jo Scarino, Johnathan W. Hair, Ewan C. Crosbie, Marta A. Fenn, Taylor J. Shingler, Chris A. Hostetler, Gao Chen, Mary M. Kleb, Gan Luo, Fangqun Yu, Mark A. Vaughan, Yongxiang Hu, Glenn S. Diskin, John B. Nowak, Joshua P. DiGangi, Yonghoon Choi, Christoph A. Keller, and Matthew S. Johnson
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 2087–2121, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-2087-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-2087-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
We use the GEOS-Chem model to simulate aerosol distributions and properties over the western North Atlantic Ocean (WNAO) during the winter and summer deployments in 2020 of the NASA ACTIVATE mission. Model results are evaluated against aircraft, ground-based, and satellite observations. The improved understanding of life cycle, composition, transport pathways, and distribution of aerosols has important implications for characterizing aerosol–cloud–meteorology interactions over WNAO.
Ewan Crosbie, Johnathan Hair, Amin Nehrir, Richard Ferrare, Chris Hostetler, Taylor Shingler, David Harper, Marta Fenn, James Collins, Rory Barton-Grimley, Brian Collister, K. Lee Thornhill, Christiane Voigt, Simon Kirschler, and Armin Sorooshian
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3844, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3844, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
A method was developed to extract information from airborne lidar observations about the distribution of ice and liquid water within clouds. The method specifically targets signatures of horizontal and vertical gradients in ice and water that appear in the polarization of the lidar signals. The method was tested against direct measurements of the cloud properties collected by a second aircraft.
Florian Tornow, Ann Fridlind, George Tselioudis, Brian Cairns, Andrew Ackerman, Seethala Chellappan, David Painemal, Paquita Zuidema, Christiane Voigt, Simon Kirschler, and Armin Sorooshian
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3462, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3462, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The recent NASA campaign ACTIVATE (Aerosol Cloud meTeorology Interactions oVer the western ATlantic Experiment) performed 71 tandem flights in mid-latitude marine cold-air outbreaks off the US Eastern seaboard. We provide meteorological and cloud transition stage context, allowing us to identify days that are most suitable for Lagrangian modeling and analysis. Surveyed cloud properties show signatures of cloud microphysical processes, such as cloud-top entrainment and secondary ice formation.
Sanja Dmitrovic, Joseph S. Schlosser, Ryan Bennett, Brian Cairns, Gao Chen, Glenn S. Diskin, Richard A. Ferrare, Johnathan W. Hair, Michael A. Jones, Jeffrey S. Reid, Taylor J. Shingler, Michael A. Shook, Armin Sorooshian, Kenneth L. Thornhill, Luke D. Ziemba, and Snorre Stamnes
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3088, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3088, 2024
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for Atmospheric Measurement Techniques (AMT).
Short summary
Short summary
This study focuses on aerosol particles, which critically influence the atmosphere by scattering and absorbing light. To understand these interactions, airborne field campaigns deploy instruments that can measure these particles’ directly or indirectly via remote sensing. We introduce the In Situ Aerosol Retrieval Algorithm (ISARA) to ensure consistency between aerosol measurements and show that the two data sets generally align, with some deviation caused by the presence of larger particles.
Soodabeh Namdari, Sanja Dmitrovic, Gao Chen, Yonghoon Choi, Ewan Crosbie, Joshua P. DiGangi, Glenn S. Diskin, Richard A. Ferrare, Johnathan W. Hair, Simon Kirschler, John B. Nowak, Kenneth L. Thornhill, Christiane Voigt, Holger Vömel, Xubin Zeng, and Armin Sorooshian
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3024, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We conducted this study to assess the accuracy of airborne measurements of wind, temperature, and humidity, essential for understanding atmospheric processes. Using data from NASA's ACTIVATE campaign, we compared measurements from the TAMMS and DLH aboard a Falcon aircraft with dropsondes from a King Air, matching data points based on location and time using statistical methods. The study showed strong agreement, confirming the reliability of these methods for advancing climate models.
Genevieve Rose Lorenzo, Luke D. Ziemba, Avelino F. Arellano, Mary C. Barth, Ewan C. Crosbie, Joshua P. DiGangi, Glenn S. Diskin, Richard Ferrare, Miguel Ricardo A. Hilario, Michael A. Shook, Simone Tilmes, Jian Wang, Qian Xiao, Jun Zhang, and Armin Sorooshian
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2604, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2604, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Novel aerosol hygroscopicity analysis of CAMP2Ex field campaign data show low aerosol hygroscopicity values in Southeast Asia. Organic carbon from smoke decreases hygroscopicity to levels more like those in continental than in polluted marine regions. Hygroscopicity changes at cloud level demonstrate how surface particles impact clouds in the region affecting model representation of aerosol and cloud interactions in similar polluted marine regions with high organic carbon emissions.
Cassidy Soloff, Taiwo Ajayi, Yonghoon Choi, Ewan C. Crosbie, Joshua P. DiGangi, Glenn S. Diskin, Marta A. Fenn, Richard A. Ferrare, Francesca Gallo, Johnathan W. Hair, Miguel Ricardo A. Hilario, Simon Kirschler, Richard H. Moore, Taylor J. Shingler, Michael A. Shook, Kenneth L. Thornhill, Christiane Voigt, Edward L. Winstead, Luke D. Ziemba, and Armin Sorooshian
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 10385–10408, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-10385-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-10385-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Using aircraft measurements over the northwestern Atlantic between the US East Coast and Bermuda and trajectory modeling of continental outflow, we identify trace gas and particle properties that exhibit gradients with offshore distance and quantify these changes with high-resolution measurements of concentrations and particle chemistry, size, and scattering properties. This work furthers our understanding of the complex interactions between continental and marine environments.
Yafang Guo, Mohammad Amin Mirrezaei, Armin Sorooshian, and Avelino F. Arellano
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2617, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2617, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We assess the contributions of fire and anthropogenic emissions to O3 levels in Phoenix Arizona during a period of intense heat and drought conditions. We find that fire exacerbates O3 pollution and that interactions between weather, climate, and air chemistry are important to consider. This has implications to activities related to formulating emission reduction strategies in areas that are currently under-studied yet becoming relevant due to reports of increasing global aridity.
Shuaiqi Tang, Hailong Wang, Xiang-Yu Li, Jingyi Chen, Armin Sorooshian, Xubin Zeng, Ewan Crosbie, Kenneth L. Thornhill, Luke D. Ziemba, and Christiane Voigt
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 10073–10092, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-10073-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-10073-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We examined marine boundary layer clouds and their interactions with aerosols in the E3SM single-column model (SCM) for a case study. The SCM shows good agreement when simulating the clouds with high-resolution models. It reproduces the relationship between cloud droplet and aerosol particle number concentrations as produced in global models. However, the relationship between cloud liquid water and droplet number concentration is different, warranting further investigation.
Taiwo Ajayi, Yonghoon Choi, Ewan C. Crosbie, Joshua P. DiGangi, Glenn S. Diskin, Marta A. Fenn, Richard A. Ferrare, Johnathan W. Hair, Miguel Ricardo A. Hilario, Chris A. Hostetler, Simon Kirschler, Richard H. Moore, Taylor J. Shingler, Michael A. Shook, Cassidy Soloff, Kenneth L. Thornhill, Christiane Voigt, Edward L. Winstead, Luke D. Ziemba, and Armin Sorooshian
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 9197–9218, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-9197-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-9197-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study uses airborne data to examine vertical profiles of trace gases, aerosol particles, and meteorological variables over a remote marine area (Bermuda). Results show distinct differences based on both air mass source region (North America, Ocean, Caribbean/North Africa) and altitude for a given air mass type. This work highlights the sensitivity of remote marine areas to long-range transport and the importance of considering the vertical dependence of trace gas and aerosol properties.
Kira Zeider, Grace Betito, Anthony Bucholtz, Peng Xian, Annette Walker, and Armin Sorooshian
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 9059–9083, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-9059-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-9059-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The predominant wind direction along the California coast (northerly) reverses several times during the summer (to southerly). The effects of these wind reversals on aerosol and cloud characteristics are not well understood. Using data from multiple datasets we found that southerly flow periods had enhanced signatures of anthropogenic emissions due to shipping and continental sources, and clouds had more but smaller droplets.
Sanja Dmitrovic, Johnathan W. Hair, Brian L. Collister, Ewan Crosbie, Marta A. Fenn, Richard A. Ferrare, David B. Harper, Chris A. Hostetler, Yongxiang Hu, John A. Reagan, Claire E. Robinson, Shane T. Seaman, Taylor J. Shingler, Kenneth L. Thornhill, Holger Vömel, Xubin Zeng, and Armin Sorooshian
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 17, 3515–3532, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-3515-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-3515-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study introduces and evaluates a new ocean surface wind speed product from the NASA Langley Research Center (LARC) airborne High-Spectral-Resolution Lidar – Generation 2 (HSRL-2) during the NASA ACTIVATE mission. We show that HSRL-2 surface wind speed data are accurate when compared to ground-truth dropsonde measurements. Therefore, the HSRL-2 instrument is able obtain accurate, high-resolution surface wind speed data in airborne field campaigns.
Ewan Crosbie, Luke D. Ziemba, Michael A. Shook, Taylor Shingler, Johnathan W. Hair, Armin Sorooshian, Richard A. Ferrare, Brian Cairns, Yonghoon Choi, Joshua DiGangi, Glenn S. Diskin, Chris Hostetler, Simon Kirschler, Richard H. Moore, David Painemal, Claire Robinson, Shane T. Seaman, K. Lee Thornhill, Christiane Voigt, and Edward Winstead
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 6123–6152, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-6123-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-6123-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Marine clouds are found to clump together in regions or lines, readily discernible from satellite images of the ocean. While clustering is also a feature of deep storm clouds, we focus on smaller cloud systems associated with fair weather and brief localized showers. Two aircraft sampled the region around these shallow systems: one incorporated measurements taken within, adjacent to, and below the clouds, while the other provided a survey from above using remote sensing techniques.
Yafang Guo, Chayan Roychoudhury, Mohammad Amin Mirrezaei, Rajesh Kumar, Armin Sorooshian, and Avelino F. Arellano
Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 4331–4353, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-4331-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-4331-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This research focuses on surface ozone (O3) pollution in Arizona, a historically air-quality-challenged arid and semi-arid region in the US. The unique characteristics of this kind of region, e.g., intense heat, minimal moisture, and persistent desert shrubs, play a vital role in comprehending O3 exceedances. Using the WRF-Chem model, we analyzed O3 levels in the pre-monsoon month, revealing the model's skill in capturing diurnal and MDA8 O3 levels.
Leong Wai Siu, Joseph S. Schlosser, David Painemal, Brian Cairns, Marta A. Fenn, Richard A. Ferrare, Johnathan W. Hair, Chris A. Hostetler, Longlei Li, Mary M. Kleb, Amy Jo Scarino, Taylor J. Shingler, Armin Sorooshian, Snorre A. Stamnes, and Xubin Zeng
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 17, 2739–2759, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-2739-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-2739-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
An unprecedented 3-year aerosol dataset was collected from a recent NASA field campaign over the western North Atlantic Ocean, which offers a special opportunity to evaluate two state-of-the-art remote sensing instruments, one lidar and the other polarimeter, on the same aircraft. Special attention has been paid to validate aerosol optical depth data and their uncertainties when no reference dataset is available. Physical reasons for the disagreement between two instruments are discussed.
Eva-Lou Edwards, Yonghoon Choi, Ewan C. Crosbie, Joshua P. DiGangi, Glenn S. Diskin, Claire E. Robinson, Michael A. Shook, Edward L. Winstead, Luke D. Ziemba, and Armin Sorooshian
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 3349–3378, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-3349-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-3349-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We investigate Cl− depletion in sea salt particles over the northwest Atlantic from December 2021 to June 2022 using an airborne dataset. Losses of Cl− are greatest in May and least in December–February and March. Inorganic acidic species can account for all depletion observed for December–February, March, and June near Bermuda but none in May. Quantifying Cl− depletion as a percentage captures seasonal trends in depletion but fails to convey the effects it may have on atmospheric oxidation.
Miguel Ricardo A. Hilario, Avelino F. Arellano, Ali Behrangi, Ewan C. Crosbie, Joshua P. DiGangi, Glenn S. Diskin, Michael A. Shook, Luke D. Ziemba, and Armin Sorooshian
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 17, 37–55, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-37-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-37-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Wet scavenging strongly influences aerosol lifetime and interactions but is a large uncertainty in global models. We present a method to identify meteorological variables relevant for estimating wet scavenging. During long-range transport over the tropical western Pacific, relative humidity and the frequency of humid conditions are better predictors of scavenging than precipitation. This method can be applied to other regions, and our findings can inform scavenging parameterizations in models.
Simon Kirschler, Christiane Voigt, Bruce E. Anderson, Gao Chen, Ewan C. Crosbie, Richard A. Ferrare, Valerian Hahn, Johnathan W. Hair, Stefan Kaufmann, Richard H. Moore, David Painemal, Claire E. Robinson, Kevin J. Sanchez, Amy J. Scarino, Taylor J. Shingler, Michael A. Shook, Kenneth L. Thornhill, Edward L. Winstead, Luke D. Ziemba, and Armin Sorooshian
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 10731–10750, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-10731-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-10731-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
In this study we present an overview of liquid and mixed-phase clouds and precipitation in the marine boundary layer over the western North Atlantic Ocean. We compare microphysical properties of pure liquid clouds to mixed-phase clouds and show that the initiation of the ice phase in mixed-phase clouds promotes precipitation. The observational data presented in this study are well suited for investigating the processes that give rise to liquid and mixed-phase clouds, ice, and precipitation.
Genevieve Rose Lorenzo, Avelino F. Arellano, Maria Obiminda Cambaliza, Christopher Castro, Melliza Templonuevo Cruz, Larry Di Girolamo, Glenn Franco Gacal, Miguel Ricardo A. Hilario, Nofel Lagrosas, Hans Jarett Ong, James Bernard Simpas, Sherdon Niño Uy, and Armin Sorooshian
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 10579–10608, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-10579-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-10579-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Aerosol and weather interactions in Southeast Asia are complex and understudied. An emerging aerosol climatology was established in Metro Manila, the Philippines, from aerosol particle physicochemical properties and meteorology, revealing five sources. Even with local traffic, transported smoke from biomass burning, aged dust, and cloud processing, background marine particles dominate and correspond to lower aerosol optical depth in Metro Manila compared to other Southeast Asian megacities.
Qian Xiao, Jiaoshi Zhang, Yang Wang, Luke D. Ziemba, Ewan Crosbie, Edward L. Winstead, Claire E. Robinson, Joshua P. DiGangi, Glenn S. Diskin, Jeffrey S. Reid, K. Sebastian Schmidt, Armin Sorooshian, Miguel Ricardo A. Hilario, Sarah Woods, Paul Lawson, Snorre A. Stamnes, and Jian Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 9853–9871, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-9853-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-9853-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Using recent airborne measurements, we show that the influences of anthropogenic emissions, transport, convective clouds, and meteorology lead to new particle formation (NPF) under a variety of conditions and at different altitudes in tropical marine environments. NPF is enhanced by fresh urban emissions in convective outflow but is suppressed in air masses influenced by aged urban emissions where reactive precursors are mostly consumed while particle surface area remains relatively high.
Armin Sorooshian, Mikhail D. Alexandrov, Adam D. Bell, Ryan Bennett, Grace Betito, Sharon P. Burton, Megan E. Buzanowicz, Brian Cairns, Eduard V. Chemyakin, Gao Chen, Yonghoon Choi, Brian L. Collister, Anthony L. Cook, Andrea F. Corral, Ewan C. Crosbie, Bastiaan van Diedenhoven, Joshua P. DiGangi, Glenn S. Diskin, Sanja Dmitrovic, Eva-Lou Edwards, Marta A. Fenn, Richard A. Ferrare, David van Gilst, Johnathan W. Hair, David B. Harper, Miguel Ricardo A. Hilario, Chris A. Hostetler, Nathan Jester, Michael Jones, Simon Kirschler, Mary M. Kleb, John M. Kusterer, Sean Leavor, Joseph W. Lee, Hongyu Liu, Kayla McCauley, Richard H. Moore, Joseph Nied, Anthony Notari, John B. Nowak, David Painemal, Kasey E. Phillips, Claire E. Robinson, Amy Jo Scarino, Joseph S. Schlosser, Shane T. Seaman, Chellappan Seethala, Taylor J. Shingler, Michael A. Shook, Kenneth A. Sinclair, William L. Smith Jr., Douglas A. Spangenberg, Snorre A. Stamnes, Kenneth L. Thornhill, Christiane Voigt, Holger Vömel, Andrzej P. Wasilewski, Hailong Wang, Edward L. Winstead, Kira Zeider, Xubin Zeng, Bo Zhang, Luke D. Ziemba, and Paquita Zuidema
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 3419–3472, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-3419-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-3419-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The NASA Aerosol Cloud meTeorology Interactions oVer the western ATlantic Experiment (ACTIVATE) produced a unique dataset for research into aerosol–cloud–meteorology interactions. HU-25 Falcon and King Air aircraft conducted systematic and spatially coordinated flights over the northwest Atlantic Ocean. This paper describes the ACTIVATE flight strategy, instrument and complementary dataset products, data access and usage details, and data application notes.
Edward Gryspeerdt, Adam C. Povey, Roy G. Grainger, Otto Hasekamp, N. Christina Hsu, Jane P. Mulcahy, Andrew M. Sayer, and Armin Sorooshian
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 4115–4122, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-4115-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-4115-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The impact of aerosols on clouds is one of the largest uncertainties in the human forcing of the climate. Aerosol can increase the concentrations of droplets in clouds, but observational and model studies produce widely varying estimates of this effect. We show that these estimates can be reconciled if only polluted clouds are studied, but this is insufficient to constrain the climate impact of aerosol. The uncertainty in aerosol impact on clouds is currently driven by cases with little aerosol.
Hossein Dadashazar, Andrea F. Corral, Ewan Crosbie, Sanja Dmitrovic, Simon Kirschler, Kayla McCauley, Richard Moore, Claire Robinson, Joseph S. Schlosser, Michael Shook, K. Lee Thornhill, Christiane Voigt, Edward Winstead, Luke Ziemba, and Armin Sorooshian
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 13897–13913, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-13897-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-13897-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Multi-season airborne data over the northwestern Atlantic show that organic mass fraction and the relative amount of oxygenated organics within that fraction are enhanced in droplet residual particles as compared to particles below and above cloud. In-cloud aqueous processing is shown to be a potential driver of this compositional shift in cloud. This implies that aerosol–cloud interactions in the region reduce aerosol hygroscopicity due to the jump in the organic : sulfate ratio in cloud.
Ewan Crosbie, Luke D. Ziemba, Michael A. Shook, Claire E. Robinson, Edward L. Winstead, K. Lee Thornhill, Rachel A. Braun, Alexander B. MacDonald, Connor Stahl, Armin Sorooshian, Susan C. van den Heever, Joshua P. DiGangi, Glenn S. Diskin, Sarah Woods, Paola Bañaga, Matthew D. Brown, Francesca Gallo, Miguel Ricardo A. Hilario, Carolyn E. Jordan, Gabrielle R. Leung, Richard H. Moore, Kevin J. Sanchez, Taylor J. Shingler, and Elizabeth B. Wiggins
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 13269–13302, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-13269-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-13269-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The linkage between cloud droplet and aerosol particle chemical composition was analyzed using samples collected in a polluted tropical marine environment. Variations in the droplet composition were related to physical and dynamical processes in clouds to assess their relative significance across three cases that spanned a range of rainfall amounts. In spite of the pollution, sea salt still remained a major contributor to the droplet composition and was preferentially enhanced in rainwater.
Eva-Lou Edwards, Jeffrey S. Reid, Peng Xian, Sharon P. Burton, Anthony L. Cook, Ewan C. Crosbie, Marta A. Fenn, Richard A. Ferrare, Sean W. Freeman, John W. Hair, David B. Harper, Chris A. Hostetler, Claire E. Robinson, Amy Jo Scarino, Michael A. Shook, G. Alexander Sokolowsky, Susan C. van den Heever, Edward L. Winstead, Sarah Woods, Luke D. Ziemba, and Armin Sorooshian
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 12961–12983, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-12961-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-12961-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This study compares NAAPS-RA model simulations of aerosol optical thickness (AOT) and extinction to those retrieved with a high spectral resolution lidar near the Philippines. Agreement for AOT was good, and extinction agreement was strongest below 1500 m. Substituting dropsonde relative humidities into NAAPS-RA did not drastically improve agreement, and we discuss potential reasons why. Accurately modeling future conditions in this region is crucial due to its susceptibility to climate change.
Edward Gryspeerdt, Daniel T. McCoy, Ewan Crosbie, Richard H. Moore, Graeme J. Nott, David Painemal, Jennifer Small-Griswold, Armin Sorooshian, and Luke Ziemba
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 15, 3875–3892, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-3875-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-3875-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Droplet number concentration is a key property of clouds, influencing a variety of cloud processes. It is also used for estimating the cloud response to aerosols. The satellite retrieval depends on a number of assumptions – different sampling strategies are used to select cases where these assumptions are most likely to hold. Here we investigate the impact of these strategies on the agreement with in situ data, the droplet number climatology and estimates of the indirect radiative forcing.
Simon Kirschler, Christiane Voigt, Bruce Anderson, Ramon Campos Braga, Gao Chen, Andrea F. Corral, Ewan Crosbie, Hossein Dadashazar, Richard A. Ferrare, Valerian Hahn, Johannes Hendricks, Stefan Kaufmann, Richard Moore, Mira L. Pöhlker, Claire Robinson, Amy J. Scarino, Dominik Schollmayer, Michael A. Shook, K. Lee Thornhill, Edward Winstead, Luke D. Ziemba, and Armin Sorooshian
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 8299–8319, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-8299-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-8299-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
In this study we show that the vertical velocity dominantly impacts the cloud droplet number concentration (NC) of low-level clouds over the western North Atlantic in the winter and summer season, while the cloud condensation nuclei concentration, aerosol size distribution and chemical composition impact NC within a season. The observational data presented in this study can evaluate and improve the representation of aerosol–cloud interactions for a wide range of conditions.
Joseph S. Schlosser, Connor Stahl, Armin Sorooshian, Yen Thi-Hoang Le, Ki-Joon Jeon, Peng Xian, Carolyn E. Jordan, Katherine R. Travis, James H. Crawford, Sung Yong Gong, Hye-Jung Shin, In-Ho Song, and Jong-sang Youn
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 7505–7522, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-7505-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-7505-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
During a major haze pollution episode in March 2019, anthropogenic emissions were dominant in the boundary layer over Incheon and Seoul, South Korea. Using supermicrometer and submicrometer size- and chemistry-resolved aerosol particle measurements taken during this haze pollution period, this work shows that local emissions and a shallow boundary layer, enhanced humidity, and low temperature promoted local heterogeneous formation of secondary inorganic and organic aerosol species.
Meloë S. F. Kacenelenbogen, Qian Tan, Sharon P. Burton, Otto P. Hasekamp, Karl D. Froyd, Yohei Shinozuka, Andreas J. Beyersdorf, Luke Ziemba, Kenneth L. Thornhill, Jack E. Dibb, Taylor Shingler, Armin Sorooshian, Reed W. Espinosa, Vanderlei Martins, Jose L. Jimenez, Pedro Campuzano-Jost, Joshua P. Schwarz, Matthew S. Johnson, Jens Redemann, and Gregory L. Schuster
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 3713–3742, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-3713-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-3713-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The impact of aerosols on Earth's radiation budget and human health is important and strongly depends on their composition. One desire of our scientific community is to derive the composition of the aerosol from satellite sensors. However, satellites observe aerosol optical properties (and not aerosol composition) based on remote sensing instrumentation. This study assesses how much aerosol optical properties can tell us about aerosol composition.
Matthew W. Christensen, Andrew Gettelman, Jan Cermak, Guy Dagan, Michael Diamond, Alyson Douglas, Graham Feingold, Franziska Glassmeier, Tom Goren, Daniel P. Grosvenor, Edward Gryspeerdt, Ralph Kahn, Zhanqing Li, Po-Lun Ma, Florent Malavelle, Isabel L. McCoy, Daniel T. McCoy, Greg McFarquhar, Johannes Mülmenstädt, Sandip Pal, Anna Possner, Adam Povey, Johannes Quaas, Daniel Rosenfeld, Anja Schmidt, Roland Schrödner, Armin Sorooshian, Philip Stier, Velle Toll, Duncan Watson-Parris, Robert Wood, Mingxi Yang, and Tianle Yuan
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 641–674, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-641-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-641-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Trace gases and aerosols (tiny airborne particles) are released from a variety of point sources around the globe. Examples include volcanoes, industrial chimneys, forest fires, and ship stacks. These sources provide opportunistic experiments with which to quantify the role of aerosols in modifying cloud properties. We review the current state of understanding on the influence of aerosol on climate built from the wide range of natural and anthropogenic laboratories investigated in recent decades.
Hossein Dadashazar, Majid Alipanah, Miguel Ricardo A. Hilario, Ewan Crosbie, Simon Kirschler, Hongyu Liu, Richard H. Moore, Andrew J. Peters, Amy Jo Scarino, Michael Shook, K. Lee Thornhill, Christiane Voigt, Hailong Wang, Edward Winstead, Bo Zhang, Luke Ziemba, and Armin Sorooshian
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 16121–16141, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-16121-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-16121-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
This study investigates precipitation impacts on long-range transport of North American outflow over the western North Atlantic Ocean (WNAO). Results demonstrate that precipitation scavenging plays a significant role in modifying surface aerosol concentrations over the WNAO, especially in winter and spring due to large-scale scavenging processes. This study highlights how precipitation impacts surface aerosol properties with relevance for other marine regions vulnerable to continental outflow.
Connor Stahl, Ewan Crosbie, Paola Angela Bañaga, Grace Betito, Rachel A. Braun, Zenn Marie Cainglet, Maria Obiminda Cambaliza, Melliza Templonuevo Cruz, Julie Mae Dado, Miguel Ricardo A. Hilario, Gabrielle Frances Leung, Alexander B. MacDonald, Angela Monina Magnaye, Jeffrey Reid, Claire Robinson, Michael A. Shook, James Bernard Simpas, Shane Marie Visaga, Edward Winstead, Luke Ziemba, and Armin Sorooshian
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 14109–14129, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-14109-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-14109-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
A total of 159 cloud water samples were collected and measured for total organic carbon (TOC) during CAMP2Ex. On average, 30 % of TOC was speciated based on carboxylic/sulfonic acids and dimethylamine. Results provide a critical constraint on cloud composition and vertical profiles of TOC and organic species ranging from ~250 m to ~ 7 km and representing a variety of cloud types and air mass source influences such as biomass burning, marine emissions, anthropogenic activity, and dust.
Hossein Dadashazar, David Painemal, Majid Alipanah, Michael Brunke, Seethala Chellappan, Andrea F. Corral, Ewan Crosbie, Simon Kirschler, Hongyu Liu, Richard H. Moore, Claire Robinson, Amy Jo Scarino, Michael Shook, Kenneth Sinclair, K. Lee Thornhill, Christiane Voigt, Hailong Wang, Edward Winstead, Xubin Zeng, Luke Ziemba, Paquita Zuidema, and Armin Sorooshian
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 10499–10526, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-10499-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-10499-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
This study investigates the seasonal cycle of cloud drop number concentration (Nd) over the western North Atlantic Ocean (WNAO) using multiple datasets. Reasons for the puzzling discrepancy between the seasonal cycles of Nd and aerosol concentration were identified. Results indicate that Nd is highest in winter (when aerosol proxy values are often lowest) due to conditions both linked to cold-air outbreaks and that promote greater droplet activation.
Genevieve Rose Lorenzo, Paola Angela Bañaga, Maria Obiminda Cambaliza, Melliza Templonuevo Cruz, Mojtaba AzadiAghdam, Avelino Arellano, Grace Betito, Rachel Braun, Andrea F. Corral, Hossein Dadashazar, Eva-Lou Edwards, Edwin Eloranta, Robert Holz, Gabrielle Leung, Lin Ma, Alexander B. MacDonald, Jeffrey S. Reid, James Bernard Simpas, Connor Stahl, Shane Marie Visaga, and Armin Sorooshian
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 6155–6173, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-6155-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-6155-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Firework emissions change the physicochemical and optical properties of water-soluble particles, which subsequently alters the background aerosol’s respirability, influence on surroundings, ability to uptake gases, and viability as cloud condensation nuclei (CCN). There was heavy aerosol loading due to fireworks in the boundary layer. The aerosol constituents were largely water-soluble and submicrometer in size due to both inorganic salts in firework materials and gas-to-particle conversion.
Miguel Ricardo A. Hilario, Ewan Crosbie, Michael Shook, Jeffrey S. Reid, Maria Obiminda L. Cambaliza, James Bernard B. Simpas, Luke Ziemba, Joshua P. DiGangi, Glenn S. Diskin, Phu Nguyen, F. Joseph Turk, Edward Winstead, Claire E. Robinson, Jian Wang, Jiaoshi Zhang, Yang Wang, Subin Yoon, James Flynn, Sergio L. Alvarez, Ali Behrangi, and Armin Sorooshian
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 3777–3802, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-3777-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-3777-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
This study characterizes long-range transport from major Asian pollution sources into the tropical northwest Pacific and the impact of scavenging on these air masses. We combined aircraft observations, HYSPLIT trajectories, reanalysis, and satellite retrievals to reveal distinct composition and size distribution profiles associated with specific emission sources and wet scavenging. The results of this work have implications for international policymaking related to climate and health.
Alexander B. MacDonald, Ali Hossein Mardi, Hossein Dadashazar, Mojtaba Azadi Aghdam, Ewan Crosbie, Haflidi H. Jonsson, Richard C. Flagan, John H. Seinfeld, and Armin Sorooshian
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 7645–7665, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-7645-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-7645-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Understanding how humans affect Earth's climate requires understanding of how particles in the air affect the number concentration of droplets in a cloud (Nd). We use the air-equivalent mass concentration of different chemical species contained in cloud water to predict Nd. In this study we found that the prediction of Nd is (1) best described by total sulfate; (2) improved when considering up to five species; and (3) dependent on factors like turbulence, smoke presence, and in-cloud height.
Hossein Dadashazar, Ewan Crosbie, Mohammad S. Majdi, Milad Panahi, Mohammad A. Moghaddam, Ali Behrangi, Michael Brunke, Xubin Zeng, Haflidi H. Jonsson, and Armin Sorooshian
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 4637–4665, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-4637-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-4637-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Clearings in the marine-boundary-layer (MBL) cloud deck of the Pacific Ocean were studied. Remote sensing, reanalysis, and airborne data were used along with machine-learning modeling to characterize the spatiotemporal nature of clearings and factors governing their growth. The most significant implications of our results are linked to modeling of fog and MBL clouds, with implications for societal and environmental issues like climate, military operations, transportation, and coastal ecology.
Rachel A. Braun, Mojtaba Azadi Aghdam, Paola Angela Bañaga, Grace Betito, Maria Obiminda Cambaliza, Melliza Templonuevo Cruz, Genevieve Rose Lorenzo, Alexander B. MacDonald, James Bernard Simpas, Connor Stahl, and Armin Sorooshian
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 2387–2405, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-2387-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-2387-2020, 2020
Miguel Ricardo A. Hilario, Melliza T. Cruz, Maria Obiminda L. Cambaliza, Jeffrey S. Reid, Peng Xian, James B. Simpas, Nofel D. Lagrosas, Sherdon Niño Y. Uy, Steve Cliff, and Yongjing Zhao
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 1255–1276, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-1255-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-1255-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
The research apportions size-resolved aerosol contributions from the South China Sea during the Vasco research cruise in September 2011. As aerosols can affect precipitation rates and cloud formation, identifying sources is key to characterizing the region and developing our understanding of aerosol–cloud behavior. A strong biomass burning signal was identified using elemental particulate matter in the fine and ultrafine size ranges. Oil combustion, soil dust, and sea spray were also identified.
Melliza Templonuevo Cruz, Paola Angela Bañaga, Grace Betito, Rachel A. Braun, Connor Stahl, Mojtaba Azadi Aghdam, Maria Obiminda Cambaliza, Hossein Dadashazar, Miguel Ricardo Hilario, Genevieve Rose Lorenzo, Lin Ma, Alexander B. MacDonald, Preciosa Corazon Pabroa, John Robin Yee, James Bernard Simpas, and Armin Sorooshian
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 10675–10696, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-10675-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-10675-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
This study is the first to report size-resolved PM mass and composition in metro Manila, Philippines. The results, which focus on the southwest monsoon season (SWM), are important with regard to understanding the competition between local sources and long-range transport, characterizing the properties of aerosol impacted by both aqueous processing and wet scavenging, and providing contextual data for comparison with other monsoonal regions and coastal megacities.
Barbara Ervens, Armin Sorooshian, Abdulmonam M. Aldhaif, Taylor Shingler, Ewan Crosbie, Luke Ziemba, Pedro Campuzano-Jost, Jose L. Jimenez, and Armin Wisthaler
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 16099–16119, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-16099-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-16099-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
The paper presents a new framework that can be used to identify emission scenarios in which aerosol populations are most likely modified by chemical processes in clouds. We show that in neither very polluted nor in very clean air masses is this the case. Only if the ratio of possible aerosol mass precursors (sulfur dioxide, some organics) and preexisting aerosol mass is sufficiently high will aerosol particles show substantially modified physicochemical properties upon cloud processing.
William H. Brune, Xinrong Ren, Li Zhang, Jingqiu Mao, David O. Miller, Bruce E. Anderson, Donald R. Blake, Ronald C. Cohen, Glenn S. Diskin, Samuel R. Hall, Thomas F. Hanisco, L. Gregory Huey, Benjamin A. Nault, Jeff Peischl, Ilana Pollack, Thomas B. Ryerson, Taylor Shingler, Armin Sorooshian, Kirk Ullmann, Armin Wisthaler, and Paul J. Wooldridge
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 14493–14510, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-14493-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-14493-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Thunderstorms pull in polluted air from near the ground, transport it up through clouds containing lightning, and deposit it at altitudes where airplanes fly. The resulting chemical mixture in this air reacts to form ozone and particles, which affect climate. In this study, aircraft observations of the reactive gases responsible for this chemistry generally agree with modeled values, even in ice clouds. Thus, atmospheric oxidation chemistry appears to be mostly understood for this environment.
Ewan Crosbie, Matthew D. Brown, Michael Shook, Luke Ziemba, Richard H. Moore, Taylor Shingler, Edward Winstead, K. Lee Thornhill, Claire Robinson, Alexander B. MacDonald, Hossein Dadashazar, Armin Sorooshian, Andreas Beyersdorf, Alexis Eugene, Jeffrey Collett Jr., Derek Straub, and Bruce Anderson
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 11, 5025–5048, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-11-5025-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-11-5025-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
A new aircraft-mounted probe for collecting samples of cloud water has been designed, fabricated, and extensively tested. Cloud drop composition provides valuable insight into atmospheric processes, but separating liquid samples from the airstream in a controlled way at flight speeds has proven difficult. The features of the design have been analysed with detailed numerical flow simulations and the new probe has demonstrated improved efficiency and performance through extensive flight testing.
Hossein Dadashazar, Rachel A. Braun, Ewan Crosbie, Patrick Y. Chuang, Roy K. Woods, Haflidi H. Jonsson, and Armin Sorooshian
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 1495–1506, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-1495-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-1495-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
This study shows with airborne data that in the thin layer above stratocumulus clouds, the entrainment interface layer (EIL), aerosol size distributions are influenced both by new particle formation and by pollutants above and below the EIL. These results are important with regard to understanding aerosol–cloud–climate interactions as the aerosol in this layer can influence the characteristics of stratocumulus clouds, which are the dominant cloud type by global area.
Samuel A. Atwood, Jeffrey S. Reid, Sonia M. Kreidenweis, Donald R. Blake, Haflidi H. Jonsson, Nofel D. Lagrosas, Peng Xian, Elizabeth A. Reid, Walter R. Sessions, and James B. Simpas
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 1105–1123, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-1105-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-1105-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
Aerosol particles were measured by ship in remote marine regions of the South China Sea as part of the 2012 7 Southeast Asian Studies (7SEAS) experiments. As the particle populations changed throughout the experiment, the distribution of particle sizes and the amount of water that collected on them changed as well. These changes were associated with various impacts from smoke, sea salt, and pollution sources, and impact how clouds form and precipitation occurs in the region.
Eunsil Jung, Bruce A. Albrecht, Armin Sorooshian, Paquita Zuidema, and Haflidi H. Jonsson
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 11395–11413, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-11395-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-11395-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
We calculate the qualitative behavior of precipitation response to aerosol loadings with cloud depths for warm boundary layer clouds (stratocumulus and shallow marine cumulus), using aircraft measurements across four field campaigns. The finding shows that precipitation responds similarly to aerosol loadings for both stratocumulus and cumulus clouds, regardless of cloud type. Precipitation is most susceptible to aerosol perturbations in the medium–deep depth of clouds.
E. Crosbie, J.-S. Youn, B. Balch, A. Wonaschütz, T. Shingler, Z. Wang, W. C. Conant, E. A. Betterton, and A. Sorooshian
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 6943–6958, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-6943-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-6943-2015, 2015
E. Jung, B. A. Albrecht, H. H. Jonsson, Y.-C. Chen, J. H. Seinfeld, A. Sorooshian, A. R. Metcalf, S. Song, M. Fang, and L. M. Russell
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 5645–5658, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-5645-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-5645-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
To study the effect of giant cloud condensation nuclei (GCCN) on precipitation processes in stratocumulus clouds, 1-10 µm diameter salt particles were released from an aircraft while flying near the cloud top off the central coast of California. The analyses suggest that GCCN result in a four-fold increase in the cloud base rainfall rate and depletion of the cloud water due to rainout.
S. P. Hersey, R. M. Garland, E. Crosbie, T. Shingler, A. Sorooshian, S. Piketh, and R. Burger
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 4259–4278, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-4259-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-4259-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
A decadal aerosol climatology of South Africa's major metropolitan areas is presented, utilizing data from multiple satellite platforms and 19 ground-monitoring sites. Remotely sensed data are dominated by a seasonal signal corresponding to transported biomass burning during austral spring, while ground data are dominated by domestic burning in low-income areas during austral winter. We report poor agreement between satellite- and ground-based aerosol measurements.
A. Wonaschütz, M. Coggon, A. Sorooshian, R. Modini, A. A. Frossard, L. Ahlm, J. Mülmenstädt, G. C. Roberts, L. M. Russell, S. Dey, F. J. Brechtel, and J. H. Seinfeld
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 9819–9835, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-9819-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-9819-2013, 2013
A. Sorooshian, T. Shingler, A. Harpold, C. W. Feagles, T. Meixner, and P. D. Brooks
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 7361–7379, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-7361-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-7361-2013, 2013
Related subject area
Subject: Aerosols | Research Activity: Field Measurements | Altitude Range: Troposphere | Science Focus: Chemistry (chemical composition and reactions)
Marine organic aerosol at Mace Head: effects from phytoplankton and source region variability
Measurement report: Sources and meteorology influencing highly time-resolved PM2.5 trace elements at three urban sites in the extremely polluted Indo-Gangetic Plain in India
Formation of highly absorptive secondary brown carbon through nighttime multiphase chemistry of biomass burning emissions
Measurement report: Vertically resolved atmospheric properties observed over the Southern Great Plains with the ArcticShark uncrewed aerial system
Non-biogenic sources are an important but overlooked contributor to aerosol isoprene-derived organosulfates during winter in northern China
The critical role of aqueous-phase processes in aromatic-derived nitrogen-containing organic aerosol formation in cities with different energy consumption patterns
Characterization of atmospheric water-soluble brown carbon in the Athabasca oil sands region, Canada
Sensitivity of aerosol and cloud properties to coupling strength of marine boundary layer clouds over the northwest Atlantic
Burning conditions and transportation pathways determine biomass-burning aerosol properties in the Ascension Island marine boundary layer
Observations of high-time-resolution and size-resolved aerosol chemical composition and microphysics in the central Arctic: implications for climate-relevant particle properties
Measurement report: Brown carbon aerosol in rural Germany – sources, chemistry, and diurnal variations
Multiple eco-regions contribute to the seasonal cycle of Antarctic aerosol size distributions
Seasonal investigation of ultrafine-particle organic composition in an eastern Amazonian rainforest
High-resolution analyses of concentrations and sizes of refractory black carbon particles deposited in northwestern Greenland over the past 350 years – Part 2: Seasonal and temporal trends in refractory black carbon originated from fossil fuel combustion and biomass burning
Direct measurement of N2O5 heterogeneous uptake coefficients on atmospheric aerosols in southwestern China and evaluation of current parameterizations
Measurement report: Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in particulate matter (PM10) from activated sludge aeration
Significant role of biomass burning in heavy haze formation in Nanjing, a megacity in China: molecular-level insights from intensive PM2.5 sampling on winter hazy days
Widespread trace bromine and iodine in remote tropospheric non-sea-salt aerosols
A 60-year atmospheric nitrate isotope record from a Southeast Greenland ice core with minimal post-depositional alteration
Iron isotopes reveal significant aerosol dissolution over the Pacific Ocean
Formation and chemical evolution of secondary organic aerosol in two different environments: a dual-chamber study
Technical note: Quantified organic aerosol subsaturated hygroscopicity by a simple optical scatter monitor system through field measurements
Measurement report: Oxidation potential of water-soluble aerosol components in the south and north of Beijing
Enhanced daytime secondary aerosol formation driven by gas–particle partitioning in downwind urban plumes
Technical note: Reconstructing surface missing aerosol elemental carbon data in long-term series with ensemble learning
Understanding the mechanism and importance of brown carbon bleaching across the visible spectrum in biomass burning plumes from the WE-CAN campaign
Influence of terrestrial and marine air mass on the constituents and intermixing of bioaerosols over a coastal atmosphere
A multi-site passive approach to studying the emissions and evolution of smoke from prescribed fires
The annual cycle and sources of relevant aerosol precursor vapors in the central Arctic during the MOSAiC expedition
Enhanced emission of intermediate/semi-volatile organic matters in both gas and particle phases from ship exhausts with low-sulfur fuels
African dust transported to Barbados in the Wintertime Lacks Indicators of Chemical Aging
Opinion: How will advances in aerosol science inform our understanding of the health impacts of outdoor particulate pollution?
Machine Learning Assisted Chemical Characterization and Optical Properties of Atmospheric Brown Carbon in Nanjing, China
Measurement report: Intra-annual variability of black carbon and brown carbon and their interrelation with meteorological conditions over Gangtok, Sikkim
Long-range transport of air pollutants increases the concentration of hazardous components of PM2.5 in northern South America
Molecular characterization of organic aerosols in urban and forested areas of Paris using high resolution mass spectrometry
Dominant influence of biomass combustion and cross-border transport on nitrogen-containing organic compound levels in the southeastern Tibetan Plateau
Measurement report: Wintertime aerosol characterization at an urban traffic site in Helsinki Finland
Impacts of elevated anthropogenic emissions on physicochemical characteristics of black-carbon-containing particles over the Tibetan Plateau
Online characterization of primary and secondary emissions of particulate matter and acidic molecules from a modern fleet of city buses
Atmospheric evolution of environmentally persistent free radicals in the rural North China Plain: effects on water solubility and PM2.5 oxidative potential
Measurement report: Characterization of Aerosol Hygroscopicity over Southeast Asia during the NASA CAMP2Ex Campaign
Two distinct ship emission profiles for organic-sulfate source apportionment of PM in sulfur emission control areas
Measurement report: In-depth characterization of ship emissions during operations in a Mediterranean port
Automated compound speciation, cluster analysis, and quantification of organic vapors and aerosols using comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography and mass spectrometry
Measurement report: Occurrence of aminiums in PM2.5 during winter in China – aminium outbreak during polluted episodes and potential constraints
Bridging gas and aerosol properties between the northeastern US and Bermuda: analysis of eight transit flights
The behaviour of charged particles (ions) during new particle formation events in urban Leipzig, Germany
Exploring the sources of light-absorbing carbonaceous aerosols by integrating observational and modeling results: insights from Northeast China
Measurement report: Characteristics of airborne black-carbon-containing particles during the 2021 summer COVID-19 lockdown in a typical Yangtze River Delta city, China
Emmanuel Chevassus, Kirsten N. Fossum, Darius Ceburnis, Lu Lei, Chunshui Lin, Wei Xu, Colin O'Dowd, and Jurgita Ovadnevaite
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 4107–4129, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-4107-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-4107-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
This study presents the first source apportionment of organic aerosol at Mace Head via high-resolution mass spectrometry. Introducing transfer entropy as a novel method reveals that aged organic aerosol originates from both open-ocean ozonolysis and local peat-burning oxidation. Methanesulfonic acid and organic sea spray both mirror phytoplankton activity, with the former closely tied to coccolithophore blooms and the latter linked to diatoms, chlorophytes, and cyanobacteria.
Ashutosh K. Shukla, Sachchida N. Tripathi, Shamitaksha Talukdar, Vishnu Murari, Sreenivas Gaddamidi, Manousos-Ioannis Manousakas, Vipul Lalchandani, Kuldeep Dixit, Vinayak M. Ruge, Peeyush Khare, Mayank Kumar, Vikram Singh, Neeraj Rastogi, Suresh Tiwari, Atul K. Srivastava, Dilip Ganguly, Kaspar Rudolf Daellenbach, and André S. H. Prévôt
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 3765–3784, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-3765-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-3765-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Our study delves into the elemental composition of aerosols at three sites across the Indo-Gangetic Plain (IGP), revealing distinct patterns during pollution episodes. We found significant increases in chlorine (Cl)-rich and solid fuel combustion (SFC) sources, indicating dynamic emission sources, agricultural burning impacts, and meteorological influences. Surges in Cl-rich particles during cold periods highlight their role in particle growth under high-relative-humidity conditions.
Ye Kuang, Biao Luo, Shan Huang, Junwen Liu, Weiwei Hu, Yuwen Peng, Duohong Chen, Dingli Yue, Wanyun Xu, Bin Yuan, and Min Shao
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 3737–3752, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-3737-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-3737-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
This research reveals the potential importance of nighttime NO3 radical chemistry and aerosol water in the rapid formation of secondary brown carbon from diluted biomass burning emissions. The findings enhance our understanding of nighttime biomass burning evolution and its implications for climate and regional air quality, especially regarding interactions with background aerosol water and water-rich fogs and clouds.
Fan Mei, Qi Zhang, Damao Zhang, Jerome D. Fast, Gourihar Kulkarni, Mikhail S. Pekour, Christopher R. Niedek, Susanne Glienke, Israel Silber, Beat Schmid, Jason M. Tomlinson, Hardeep S. Mehta, Xena Mansoura, Zezhen Cheng, Gregory W. Vandergrift, Nurun Nahar Lata, Swarup China, and Zihua Zhu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 3425–3444, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-3425-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-3425-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
This study highlights the unique capability of the ArcticShark, an uncrewed aerial system, in measuring vertically resolved atmospheric properties. Data from 32 research flights in 2023 reveal seasonal patterns and correlations with conventional measurements. The consistency and complementarity of in situ and remote sensing methods are highlighted. The study demonstrates the ArcticShark’s versatility in bridging data gaps and improving the understanding of vertical atmospheric structures.
Ting Yang, Yu Xu, Yu-Chen Wang, Yi-Jia Ma, Hong-Wei Xiao, Hao Xiao, and Hua-Yun Xiao
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 2967–2978, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-2967-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-2967-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Previous measurement–model comparisons of atmospheric isoprene levels showed a significant unidentified source of isoprene in some northern Chinese cities during winter. Here, the first combination of large-scale observations and field combustion experiments provides novel insights into biomass burning emissions as a significant source of isoprene-derived organosulfates during winter in northern cities of China.
Yi-Jia Ma, Yu Xu, Ting Yang, Lin Gui, Hong-Wei Xiao, Hao Xiao, and Hua-Yun Xiao
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 2763–2780, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-2763-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-2763-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
The abundance, potential precursors, and main formation mechanisms of nitrogen-containing organic compounds (NOCs) in PM2.5 during winter were compared among cities with different energy consumption patterns. The aerosol NOC pollution during winter in China is closely associated with the intensity of precursor emissions and the aqueous-phase processes. Our results highlight the importance of emission reduction strategies in controlling aerosol NOCs pollution during winter in China.
Dane Blanchard, Mark Gordon, Duc Huy Dang, Paul Andrew Makar, and Julian Aherne
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 2423–2442, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-2423-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-2423-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
This study offers the first known evaluation of water-soluble brown carbon aerosols in the Athabasca oil sands region (AOSR), Canada. Fluorescence spectroscopy analysis of aerosol samples from five regional sites (collected during the summer of 2021) identified oil sands operations as a measurable brown carbon source. Industrial aerosol emissions were unlikely to impact regional radiative forcing. These findings show that fluorescence spectroscopy can be used to monitor brown carbon in the AOSR.
Kira Zeider, Kayla McCauley, Sanja Dmitrovic, Leong Wai Siu, Yonghoon Choi, Ewan C. Crosbie, Joshua P. DiGangi, Glenn S. Diskin, Simon Kirschler, John B. Nowak, Michael A. Shook, Kenneth L. Thornhill, Christiane Voigt, Edward L. Winstead, Luke D. Ziemba, Paquita Zuidema, and Armin Sorooshian
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 2407–2422, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-2407-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-2407-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
In situ aircraft data collected over the northwest Atlantic Ocean are utilized to compare aerosol conditions and turbulence between near-surface and below-cloud-base altitudes for different regimes of coupling strength between those two levels, along with how cloud microphysical properties vary across those regimes. Stronger coupling yields more homogenous aerosol structure vertically along with higher cloud drop concentrations and sea salt influence in clouds.
Amie Dobracki, Ernie R. Lewis, Arthur J. Sedlacek III, Tyler Tatro, Maria A. Zawadowicz, and Paquita Zuidema
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 2333–2363, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-2333-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-2333-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Biomass-burning aerosol is commonly present in the marine boundary layer over the southeast Atlantic Ocean between June and October. Our research indicates that burning conditions, aerosol transport pathways, and prolonged oxidation processes (heterogeneous and aqueous phases) determine the chemical, microphysical, and optical properties of the boundary layer aerosol. Notably, we find that the aerosol optical properties can be estimated from the chemical properties alone.
Benjamin Heutte, Nora Bergner, Hélène Angot, Jakob B. Pernov, Lubna Dada, Jessica A. Mirrielees, Ivo Beck, Andrea Baccarini, Matthew Boyer, Jessie M. Creamean, Kaspar R. Daellenbach, Imad El Haddad, Markus M. Frey, Silvia Henning, Tiia Laurila, Vaios Moschos, Tuukka Petäjä, Kerri A. Pratt, Lauriane L. J. Quéléver, Matthew D. Shupe, Paul Zieger, Tuija Jokinen, and Julia Schmale
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 2207–2241, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-2207-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-2207-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Limited aerosol measurements in the central Arctic hinder our understanding of aerosol–climate interactions in the region. Our year-long observations of aerosol physicochemical properties during the MOSAiC expedition reveal strong seasonal variations in aerosol chemical composition, where the short-term variability is heavily affected by storms in the Arctic. Local wind-generated particles are shown to be an important source of cloud seeds, especially in autumn.
Feng Jiang, Harald Saathoff, Uzoamaka Ezenobi, Junwei Song, Hengheng Zhang, Linyu Gao, and Thomas Leisner
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 1917–1930, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-1917-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-1917-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
The chemical composition of brown carbon in the particle and gas phase was determined by mass spectrometry. BrC in the gas phase was mainly controlled by secondary formation and particle-to-gas partitioning. BrC in the particle phase was mainly from secondary formation. This work helps to get a better understanding of diurnal variations and the sources of brown carbon aerosol at a rural location in central Europe.
James Brean, David C. S. Beddows, Eija Asmi, Aki Virkkula, Lauriane L. J. Quéléver, Mikko Sipilä, Floortje Van Den Heuvel, Thomas Lachlan-Cope, Anna Jones, Markus Frey, Angelo Lupi, Jiyeon Park, Young Jun Yoon, Rolf Weller, Giselle L. Marincovich, Gabriela C. Mulena, Roy M. Harrison, and Manuel Dall'Osto
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 1145–1162, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-1145-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-1145-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Our results emphasise how understanding the geographical variation in surface types across the Antarctic is key to understanding secondary aerosol sources.
Adam E. Thomas, Hayley S. Glicker, Alex B. Guenther, Roger Seco, Oscar Vega Bustillos, Julio Tota, Rodrigo A. F. Souza, and James N. Smith
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 959–977, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-959-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-959-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
We present measurements of the organic composition of ultrafine particles collected from the eastern Amazon, an understudied region that is subjected to increasing human influence. We find that while isoprene chemistry is likely significant for ultrafine-particle growth throughout the year, compounds related to other sources, such as biological-spore emissions and biomass burning, exhibit striking seasonal differences, implying extensive variation in regional ultrafine-particle sources.
Kumiko Goto-Azuma, Yoshimi Ogawa-Tsukagawa, Kaori Fukuda, Koji Fujita, Motohiro Hirabayashi, Remi Dallmayr, Jun Ogata, Nobuhiro Moteki, Tatsuhiro Mori, Sho Ohata, Yutaka Kondo, Makoto Koike, Sumito Matoba, Moe Kadota, Akane Tsushima, Naoko Nagatsuka, and Teruo Aoki
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 657–683, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-657-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-657-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Monthly ice core records spanning 350 years from Greenland show trends in refractory black carbon (rBC) concentrations and sizes. rBC levels have increased since the 1870s due to the inflow of anthropogenic rBC, with larger diameters than those from biomass burning (BB) rBC. High summer BB rBC peaks may reduce the ice sheet albedo, but BB rBC showed no increase until the early 2000s. These results are vital for validating aerosol and climate models.
Jiayin Li, Tianyu Zhai, Xiaorui Chen, Haichao Wang, Shuyang Xie, Shiyi Chen, Chunmeng Li, Huabin Dong, and Keding Lu
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3804, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3804, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
We directly measured the dinitrogen pentoxide (N2O5) uptake coefficient which critical impact the NOx fate and particulate nitrate formation in a typical highland city, Kunming, in China. We found the performance of current γ(N2O5) parameterizations showed deviations with the varying aerosol liquid water content (ALWC). Such differences would lead to biased estimation on particulate nitrate production potential. Our findings suggest the directions for future studies.
Jishnu Pandamkulangara Kizhakkethil, Zongbo Shi, Anna Bogush, and Ivan Kourtchev
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3952, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3952, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Pollution with per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) received attention due to their environmental persistence and bioaccumulation. PM10 collected above a scaled-down activated sludge tank treating domestic sewage for a population >10,000 people in the UK were analysed for a range of short-, medium- and long-chain PFAS. Eight PFAS were detected in the PM10. Our results suggest that wastewater treatment processes i.e. activated sludge aeration could aerosolise PFAS into airborne PM.
Mingjie Kang, Mengying Bao, Wenhuai Song, Aduburexiati Abulimiti, Changliu Wu, Fang Cao, Sönke Szidat, and Yanlin Zhang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 73–91, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-73-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-73-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Reports on molecular-level knowledge of high-temporal-resolution particulate matter ≤2.5 µm in diameter (PM2.5) on hazy days are limited. We investigated various PM2.5 species and their sources. The results show biomass burning (BB) was the main source of organic carbon. Moreover, BB enhanced fungal spore emissions and secondary aerosol formation. The contribution of non-fossil sources increased with increasing haze pollution, suggesting BB may be an important driver of haze events in winter.
Gregory P. Schill, Karl D. Froyd, Daniel M. Murphy, Christina J. Williamson, Charles A. Brock, Tomás Sherwen, Mat J. Evans, Eric A. Ray, Eric C. Apel, Rebecca S. Hornbrook, Alan J. Hills, Jeff Peischl, Thomas B. Ryerson, Chelsea R. Thompson, Ilann Bourgeois, Donald R. Blake, Joshua P. DiGangi, and Glenn S. Diskin
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 45–71, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-45-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-45-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Using single-particle mass spectrometry, we show that trace concentrations of bromine and iodine are ubiquitous in remote tropospheric aerosol and suggest that aerosols are an important part of the global reactive iodine budget. Comparisons to a global climate model with detailed iodine chemistry are favorable in the background atmosphere; however, the model cannot replicate our measurements near the ocean surface, in biomass burning plumes, and in the stratosphere.
Zhao Wei, Shohei Hattori, Asuka Tsuruta, Zhuang Jiang, Sakiko Ishino, Koji Fujita, Sumito Matoba, Lei Geng, Alexis Lamothe, Ryu Uemura, Naohiro Yoshida, Joel Savarino, and Yoshinori Iizuka
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3937, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3937, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Nitrate isotope records in ice cores reveal changes in NOₓ emissions, atmospheric acidity, and oxidation chemistry driven by human activity. However, nitrate in snow can be altered by UV-driven post-depositional processes, making snow accumulation rates critical for preserving these records. This study examines nitrate isotopes in an SE-Dome ice core, where high snow accumulation minimizes these effects, providing a reliable archive of atmospheric nitrogen cycling.
Capucine Camin, François Lacan, Catherine Pradoux, Marie Labatut, Anne Johansen, and James W. Murray
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3777, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3777, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This manuscript presents the chemical composition of aerosols (> 1µm) over the Equatorial and Tropical Pacific Ocean, presenting the first measurements of iron isotopes in aerosols from this region. Iron concentrations and isotopes were determined using a Neptune MC-ICPMS. Our data analysis reveals that a significant portion of the aerosols undergo dissolution and removal during atmospheric transport. These findings contribute to original conclusions about the chemistry and physics of aerosols.
Andreas Aktypis, Dontavious J. Sippial, Christina N. Vasilakopoulou, Angeliki Matrali, Christos Kaltsonoudis, Andrea Simonati, Marco Paglione, Matteo Rinaldi, Stefano Decesari, and Spyros N. Pandis
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 13769–13791, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-13769-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-13769-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
A dual-chamber system was deployed in two different environments (Po Valley, Italy, and Pertouli forest, Greece) to study the potential of ambient air directly injected into the chambers, to form secondary organic aerosol (SOA). In the Po Valley, the system reacts rapidly, forming large amounts of SOA, while in Pertouli the SOA formation chemistry appears to have been practically terminated before the beginning of most experiments, so there is little additional SOA formation potential left.
Jie Zhang, Tianyu Zhu, Alexandra Catena, Yaowei Li, Margaret J. Schwab, Pengfei Liu, Akua Asa-Awuku, and James Schwab
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 13445–13456, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-13445-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-13445-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study shows the derived organic aerosol hygroscopicity under high-humidity conditions based on a simple optical scatter monitor system, including two nephelometric monitors (pDR-1500), when the aerosol chemical composition is already known.
Wei Yuan, Ru-Jin Huang, Chao Luo, Lu Yang, Wenjuan Cao, Jie Guo, and Huinan Yang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 13219–13230, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-13219-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-13219-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We characterized water-soluble oxidative potential (OP) levels in wintertime PM2.5 in the south and north of Beijing. Our results show that the volume-normalized dithiothreitol (DTTv) in the north was comparable to that in the south, while the mass-normalized dithiothreitol (DTTm) in the north was almost twice that in the south. Traffic-related emissions and biomass burning were the main sources of DTTv in the south, and traffic-related emissions contributed the most to DTTv in the north.
Mingfu Cai, Chenshuo Ye, Bin Yuan, Shan Huang, E Zheng, Suxia Yang, Zelong Wang, Yi Lin, Tiange Li, Weiwei Hu, Wei Chen, Qicong Song, Wei Li, Yuwen Peng, Baoling Liang, Qibin Sun, Jun Zhao, Duohong Chen, Jiaren Sun, Zhiyong Yang, and Min Shao
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 13065–13079, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-13065-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-13065-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study investigated the daytime secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation in urban plumes. We observed a significant daytime SOA formation through gas–particle partitioning when the site was affected by urban plumes. A box model simulation indicated that urban pollutants (nitrogen oxide and volatile organic compounds) could enhance the oxidizing capacity, while the elevated volatile organic compounds were mainly responsible for promoting daytime SOA formation.
Qingxiao Meng, Yunjiang Zhang, Sheng Zhong, Jie Fang, Lili Tang, Yongcai Rao, Minfeng Zhou, Jian Qiu, Xiaofeng Xu, Jean-Eudes Petit, Olivier Favez, and Xinlei Ge
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2776, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2776, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We developed a new method to reconstruct missing elemental carbon (EC) data in four Chinese cities from 2013 to 2023. Using machine learning, we accurately filled data gaps and introduced a new approach to analyze EC trends. Our findings reveal a significant decline in EC due to stricter pollution controls, though this slowed after 2020. This study provides a versatile framework for addressing data gaps and supports strategies to reduce urban air pollution and its climate impacts.
Yingjie Shen, Rudra P. Pokhrel, Amy P. Sullivan, Ezra J. T. Levin, Lauren A. Garofalo, Delphine K. Farmer, Wade Permar, Lu Hu, Darin W. Toohey, Teresa Campos, Emily V. Fischer, and Shane M. Murphy
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 12881–12901, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-12881-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-12881-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The magnitude and evolution of brown carbon (BrC) absorption remain unclear, with uncertainty in climate models. Data from the WE-CAN airborne experiment show that model parameterizations overestimate the mass absorption cross section (MAC) of BrC. Observed decreases in BrC absorption with chemical markers are due to decreasing organic aerosol (OA) mass rather than a decreasing BrC MAC, which is currently implemented in models. Water-soluble BrC contributes 23 % of total absorption at 660 nm.
Qun He, Zhaowen Wang, Houfeng Liu, Pengju Xu, Rongbao Duan, Caihong Xu, Jianmin Chen, and Min Wei
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 12775–12792, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-12775-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-12775-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Coastal environments provide an ideal setting for investigating the intermixing of terrestrial and marine aerosols. Terrestrial air mass constituted a larger number of microbes from anthropogenic and soil emissions, whereas saprophytic and gut microbes were predominant in marine samples. Mixed air masses indicated a fusion of marine and terrestrial aerosols, characterized by alterations in the ratio of pathogenic and saprophytic microbes when compared to either terrestrial or marine samples.
Rime El Asmar, Zongrun Li, David J. Tanner, Yongtao Hu, Susan O'Neill, L. Gregory Huey, M. Talat Odman, and Rodney J. Weber
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 12749–12773, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-12749-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-12749-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Prescribed burning is an important method for managing ecosystems and preventing wildfires. However, smoke from prescribed fires can have a significant impact on air quality. Here, using a network of fixed sites and sampling throughout an extended prescribed burning period in 2 different years, we characterize emissions and evolutions of up to 8 h of PM2.5 mass, black carbon (BC), and brown carbon (BrC) in smoke from burning of forested lands in the southeastern USA.
Matthew Boyer, Diego Aliaga, Lauriane L. J. Quéléver, Silvia Bucci, Hélène Angot, Lubna Dada, Benjamin Heutte, Lisa Beck, Marina Duetsch, Andreas Stohl, Ivo Beck, Tiia Laurila, Nina Sarnela, Roseline C. Thakur, Branka Miljevic, Markku Kulmala, Tuukka Petäjä, Mikko Sipilä, Julia Schmale, and Tuija Jokinen
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 12595–12621, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-12595-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-12595-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We analyze the seasonal cycle and sources of gases that are relevant for the formation of aerosol particles in the central Arctic. Since theses gases can form new particles, they can influence Arctic climate. We show that the sources of these gases are associated with changes in the Arctic environment during the year, especially with respect to sea ice. Therefore, the concentration of these gases will likely change in the future as the Arctic continues to warm.
Binyu Xiao, Fan Zhang, Zeyu Liu, Yan Zhang, Rui Li, Can Wu, Xinyi Wan, Yi Wang, Yubao Chen, Yong Han, Min Cui, Libo Zhang, Yingjun Chen, and Gehui Wang
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3433, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3433, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Intermediate/semi-volatile organic compounds in both gas and particle phases from ship exhausts are enhanced due to the switch of fuels from low-sulfur to ultra-low-sulfur. The findings indicate that optimization is necessary for the forthcoming global implementation of an ultra-low-sulfur oil policy. Besides, we find that organic diagnostic markers of hopanes, in conjunction with the ratio of octadecanoic to tetradecanoic could be considered as potential tracers for HFO exhausts.
Haley M. Royer, Michael T. Sheridan, Hope E. Elliott, Nurun Nahar Lata, Zezhen Cheng, Swarup China, Zihua Zhu, Andrew P. Ault, and Cassandra J. Gaston
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3288, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3288, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Saharan dust transported across the Atlantic to the Caribbean, South America, and North America is hypothesized to undergo chemical processing by inorganic and organic acids that enhances cloud droplet formation, nutrient availability, and reflectivity of. In this study, chemical analysis performed on African dust deposited over Barbados shows that acid tracers are found mostly on sea salt and smoke particles, rather than dust, indicating that dust particles undergo minimal chemical processing.
Imad El Haddad, Danielle Vienneau, Kaspar R. Daellenbach, Robin Modini, Jay G. Slowik, Abhishek Upadhyay, Petros N. Vasilakos, David Bell, Kees de Hoogh, and Andre S. H. Prevot
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 11981–12011, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-11981-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-11981-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This opinion paper explores how advances in aerosol science inform our understanding of the health impacts of outdoor particulate pollution. We advocate for a shift in the way we target PM pollution, focusing on the most harmful anthropogenic emissions. We highlight key observations, modelling developments, and emission measurements needed to achieve this shift.
Yu Huang, Xingru Li, Dan Dan Huang, Ruoyuan Lei, Binhuang Zhou, Yunjiang Zhang, and Xinlei Ge
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2757, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2757, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This work performed a comprehensive investigation on the chemical and optical properties of the brown carbon in PM2.5 samples collected in Nanjing, China. In particular, we used the machine learning approach to identify a list of key BrC species, which can be a good reference for future studies. Our findings extend the understanding on BrC properties and are valuable to the assessment of its impact on air quality and radiative forcing.
Pramod Kumar, Khushboo Sharma, Ankita Malu, Rajeev Rajak, Aparna Gupta, Bidyutjyoti Baruah, Shailesh Yadav, Thupstan Angchuk, Jayant Sharma, Rakesh Kumar Ranjan, Anil Kumar Misra, and Nishchal Wanjari
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 11585–11601, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-11585-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-11585-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This work monitors and assesses air pollution, especially black and brown carbon, its controlling factor, and its effect on the environment of Sikkim Himalayan region. The huge urban sprawl in recent decades has led to regional human-induced air pollution in the region. Black carbon was highest in April 2021 and March 2022, exceeding the WHO limit. The monsoon season causes huge rainfall over the region, which reduces the pollutants by scavenging (rainout and washout).
Maria P. Velásquez-García, K. Santiago Hernández, James A. Vergara-Correa, Richard J. Pope, Miriam Gómez-Marín, and Angela M. Rendón
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 11497–11520, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-11497-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-11497-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
In the Aburrá Valley, northern South America, local emissions determine air quality conditions. However, we found that external sources, such as regional fires, Saharan dust, and volcanic emissions, increase particulate concentrations and worsen chemical composition by introducing elements like heavy metals. Dry winds and source variability contribute to seasonal influences on these events. This study assesses the air quality risks posed by such events, which can affect broad regions worldwide.
Diana L. Pereira, Chiara Giorio, Aline Gratien, Alexander Zherebker, Gael Noyalet, Servanne Chevaillier, Stéphanie Alage, Elie Almarj, Antonin Bergé, Thomas Bertin, Mathieu Cazaunau, Patrice Coll, Ludovico Di Antonio, Sergio Harb, Johannes Heuser, Cécile Gaimoz, Oscar Guillemant, Brigitte Language, Olivier Lauret, Camilo Macias, Franck Maisonneuve, Bénédicte Picquet-Varrault, Raquel Torres, Sylvain Triquet, Pascal Zapf, Lelia Hawkins, Drew Pronovost, Sydney Riley, Pierre-Marie Flaud, Emilie Perraudin, Pauline Pouyes, Eric Villenave, Alexandre Albinet, Olivier Favez, Robin Aujay-Plouzeau, Vincent Michoud, Christopher Cantrell, Manuela Cirtog, Claudia Di Biagio, Jean-François Doussin, and Paola Formenti
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3015, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3015, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
In order to study aerosols in environments influenced by anthropogenic and biogenic emissions, we performed analysis of samples collected during ACROSS (Atmospheric Chemistry Of the Suburban Forest) campaign in the summer 2022 in the Paris greater area. After analysis of the chemical composition by means of total carbon determination and high resolution mass spectrometry, this work highlights the influence of anthropogenic inputs into the chemical composition of both urban and forested areas.
Meng Wang, Qiyuan Wang, Steven Sai Hang Ho, Jie Tian, Yong Zhang, Shun-cheng Lee, and Junji Cao
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 11175–11189, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-11175-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-11175-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We studied nitrogen-containing organic compounds (NOCs) in particulate matter <2.5 µm particles on the southeastern Tibetan Plateau. We found that biomass burning and transboundary transport are the main sources of NOCs in the high-altitude area. Understanding these aerosol sources informs how they add to regional and potentially global climate changes. Our findings could help shape effective environmental policies to enhance air quality and address climate impacts in this sensitive region.
Kimmo Teinilä, Sanna Saarikoski, Henna Lintusaari, Teemu Lepistö, Petteri Marjanen, Minna Aurela, Heidi Hellén, Toni Tykkä, Markus Lampimäki, Janne Lampilahti, Luis Barreira, Timo Mäkelä, Leena Kangas, Juha Hatakka, Sami Harni, Joel Kuula, Jarkko V. Niemi, Harri Portin, Jaakko Yli-Ojanperä, Ville Niemelä, Milja Jäppi, Katrianne Lehtipalo, Joonas Vanhanen, Liisa Pirjola, Hanna E. Manninen, Tuukka Petäjä, Topi Rönkkö, and Hilkka Timonen
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2235, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2235, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Physical and chemical properties of particulate matter and concentrations of trace gases were measured in a street canyon in Helsinki, Finland and an urban background site in January–February 2022 to investigate the effect of wintertime conditions on pollutants. State-of-the-art instruments, a mobile laboratory was used, and the measurement data was further analysed with modelling tools like positive matrix factorization (PMF) and pollution detection algorithm (PDA).
Jinbo Wang, Jiaping Wang, Yuxuan Zhang, Tengyu Liu, Xuguang Chi, Xin Huang, Dafeng Ge, Shiyi Lai, Caijun Zhu, Lei Wang, Qiaozhi Zha, Ximeng Qi, Wei Nie, Congbin Fu, and Aijun Ding
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 11063–11080, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-11063-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-11063-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
In this study, we found large spatial discrepancies in the physical and chemical properties of black carbon over the Tibetan Plateau (TP). Elevated anthropogenic emissions from low-altitude regions can significantly change the mass concentration, mixing state and chemical composition of black-carbon-containing aerosol in the TP region, further altering its light absorption ability. Our study emphasizes the vulnerability of remote plateau regions to intense anthropogenic influences.
Liyuan Zhou, Qianyun Liu, Christian M. Salvador, Michael Le Breton, Mattias Hallquist, Jian Zhen Yu, Chak K. Chan, and Åsa M. Hallquist
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 11045–11061, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-11045-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-11045-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Our research on city bus emissions reveals that alternative fuels (compressed natural gas and biofuels) reduce fresh particle emissions compared to diesel. However, all fuels lead to secondary air pollution. Aiming at guiding better environmental policies, we studied 76 buses using advanced emission measurement techniques. This work sheds light on the complex effects of bus fuels on urban air quality, emphasizing the need for comprehensive evaluations of future transportation technologies.
Xu Yang, Fobang Liu, Shuqi Yang, Yuling Yang, Yanan Wang, Jingjing Li, Mingyu Zhao, Zhao Wang, Kai Wang, Chi He, and Haijie Tong
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 11029–11043, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-11029-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-11029-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
A study in the rural North China Plain showed environmentally persistent free radicals (EPFRs) in atmospheric particulate matter (PM), with a notable water-soluble fraction likely from atmospheric oxidation during transport. Significant positive correlations between EPFRs and the water-soluble oxidative potential of PM2.5 were found, primarily attributable to the water-soluble fractions of EPFRs. These findings emphasize understanding EPFRs' atmospheric evolution for climate and health impacts.
Genevieve Rose Lorenzo, Luke D. Ziemba, Avelino F. Arellano, Mary C. Barth, Ewan C. Crosbie, Joshua P. DiGangi, Glenn S. Diskin, Richard Ferrare, Miguel Ricardo A. Hilario, Michael A. Shook, Simone Tilmes, Jian Wang, Qian Xiao, Jun Zhang, and Armin Sorooshian
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2604, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2604, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Novel aerosol hygroscopicity analysis of CAMP2Ex field campaign data show low aerosol hygroscopicity values in Southeast Asia. Organic carbon from smoke decreases hygroscopicity to levels more like those in continental than in polluted marine regions. Hygroscopicity changes at cloud level demonstrate how surface particles impact clouds in the region affecting model representation of aerosol and cloud interactions in similar polluted marine regions with high organic carbon emissions.
Kirsten N. Fossum, Chunshui Lin, Niall O'Sullivan, Lu Lei, Stig Hellebust, Darius Ceburnis, Aqeel Afzal, Anja Tremper, David Green, Srishti Jain, Steigvilė Byčenkienė, Colin O'Dowd, John Wenger, and Jurgita Ovadnevaite
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 10815–10831, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-10815-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-10815-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The chemical composition and sources of submicron aerosol in the Dublin Port area were investigated over a month-long campaign. Two distinct types of ship emissions were identified and characterised: sulfate-rich plumes from the use of heavy fuel oil with scrubbers and organic-rich plumes from the use of low-sulfur fuels. The latter were more frequent, emitting double the particle number and having a typical V / Ni ratio for ship emission.
Lise Le Berre, Brice Temime-Roussel, Grazia Maria Lanzafame, Barbara D’Anna, Nicolas Marchand, Stéphane Sauvage, Marvin Dufresne, Liselotte Tinel, Thierry Leonardis, Joel Ferreira de Brito, Alexandre Armengaud, Grégory Gille, Ludovic Lanzi, Romain Bourjot, and Henri Wortham
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2903, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2903, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
A summer campaign in a Mediterranean port examined pollution caused by ships. Two stations in the port measured pollution levels and captured over 350 ship plumes to study their chemical composition. Results showed that pollution levels, like ultra-fine particles, were higher in the port than in the city and offer a strong support to improve emission inventories. These findings may also serve as reference for assessing the benefits of a Sulphur Emission Control Area in the Mediterranean in 2025.
Xiao He, Xuan Zheng, Shuwen Guo, Lewei Zeng, Ting Chen, Bohan Yang, Shupei Xiao, Qiongqiong Wang, Zhiyuan Li, Yan You, Shaojun Zhang, and Ye Wu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 10655–10666, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-10655-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-10655-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study introduces an innovative method for identifying and quantifying complex organic vapors and aerosols. By combining advanced analytical techniques and new algorithms, we categorized thousands of compounds from heavy-duty diesel vehicles and ambient air and highlighted specific tracers for emission sources. The innovative approach enhances peak identification, reduces quantification uncertainties, and offers new insights for air quality management and atmospheric chemistry.
Yu Xu, Tang Liu, Yi-Jia Ma, Qi-Bin Sun, Hong-Wei Xiao, Hao Xiao, Hua-Yun Xiao, and Cong-Qiang Liu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 10531–10542, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-10531-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-10531-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study investigates the characteristics of aminiums and ammonium in PM2.5 on clean and polluted winter days in 11 Chinese cities, highlighting the possibility of the competitive uptake of ammonia versus amines on acidic aerosols or the displacement of aminiums by ammonia under high-ammonia conditions. The overall results deepen the understanding of the spatiotemporal differences in aminium characteristics and formation in China.
Cassidy Soloff, Taiwo Ajayi, Yonghoon Choi, Ewan C. Crosbie, Joshua P. DiGangi, Glenn S. Diskin, Marta A. Fenn, Richard A. Ferrare, Francesca Gallo, Johnathan W. Hair, Miguel Ricardo A. Hilario, Simon Kirschler, Richard H. Moore, Taylor J. Shingler, Michael A. Shook, Kenneth L. Thornhill, Christiane Voigt, Edward L. Winstead, Luke D. Ziemba, and Armin Sorooshian
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 10385–10408, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-10385-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-10385-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Using aircraft measurements over the northwestern Atlantic between the US East Coast and Bermuda and trajectory modeling of continental outflow, we identify trace gas and particle properties that exhibit gradients with offshore distance and quantify these changes with high-resolution measurements of concentrations and particle chemistry, size, and scattering properties. This work furthers our understanding of the complex interactions between continental and marine environments.
Alex Rowell, James Brean, David C. S. Beddows, Zongbo Shi, Avinash Kumar, Matti Rissanen, Miikka Dal Maso, Peter Mettke, Kay Weinhold, Maik Merkel, and Roy M. Harrison
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 10349–10361, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-10349-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-10349-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Ions enhance the formation and growth rates of new particles, affecting the Earth's radiation budget. Despite these effects, there is little published data exploring the sources of ions in the urban environment and their role in new particle formation (NPF). Here we show that natural ion sources dominate in urban environments, while traffic is a secondary source. Ions contribute up to 12.7 % of the formation rate of particles, indicating that they are important for forming urban PM.
Yuan Cheng, Xu-bing Cao, Sheng-qiang Zhu, Zhi-qing Zhang, Jiu-meng Liu, Hong-liang Zhang, Qiang Zhang, and Ke-bin He
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 9869–9883, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-9869-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-9869-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The agreement between observational and modeling results is essential for the development of efficient air pollution control strategies. Here we constrained the modeling results of carbonaceous aerosols by field observation in Northeast China, a historically overlooked but recently targeted region of national clean-air actions. Our study suggested that the simulation of agricultural fire emissions and secondary organic aerosols remains challenging.
Yuan Dai, Junfeng Wang, Houjun Wang, Shijie Cui, Yunjiang Zhang, Haiwei Li, Yun Wu, Ming Wang, Eleonora Aruffo, and Xinlei Ge
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 9733–9748, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-9733-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-9733-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Short-term strict emission control can improve air quality, but its effectiveness needs assessment. During the 2021 summer COVID-19 lockdown in Yangzhou, we found that PM2.5 levels did not decrease despite reduced primary emissions. Aged black-carbon particles increased substantially due to higher O3 levels and transported pollutants. High humidity and low wind also played key roles. The results highlight the importance of a regionally balanced control strategy for future air quality management.
Cited articles
Adam, M. G., Chiang, A. W. J., and Balasubramanian, R.: Insights into
characteristics of light absorbing carbonaceous aerosols over an urban
location in Southeast Asia, Environ. Pollut., 257, 113425,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113425, 2020.
Agarwal, R., Shukla, K., Kumar, S., Aggarwal, S. G., and Kawamura, K.:
Chemical composition of waste burning organic aerosols at landfill and urban
sites in Delhi, Atmos Pollut Res, 11, 554–565, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apr.2019.12.004,
2020.
Akasaka, I., Morishima, W., and Mikami, T.: Seasonal march and its spatial
difference of rainfall in the Philippines, Int. J. Climatol., 27, 715–725,
https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.1428, 2007.
Alas, H. D., Müller, T., Birmili, W., Kecorius, S., Cambaliza, M. O.,
Simpas, J. B. B., Cayetano, M., Weinhold, K., Vallar, E., Galvez, M. C., and
Wiedensohler, A.: Spatial Characterization of Black Carbon Mass
Concentration in the Atmosphere of a Southeast Asian Megacity: An Air
Quality Case Study for Metro Manila, Philippines, Aerosol. Air. Qual. Res., 18,
2301–2317, https://doi.org/10.4209/aaqr.2017.08.0281, 2018.
Allen, A. G., Nemitz, E., Shi, J. P., Harrison, R. M., and Greenwood, J. C.:
Size distributions of trace metals in atmospheric aerosols in the United
Kingdom, Atmos. Environ., 35, 4581–4591, https://doi.org/10.1016/s1352-2310(01)00190-x, 2001.
Allen, H. C., Laux, J. M., Vogt, R., Finlayson-Pitts, B. J., and Hemminger,
J. C.: Water-Induced Reorganization of Ultrathin Nitrate Films on NaCl:
Implications for the Tropospheric Chemistry of Sea Salt Particles, J. Phys.
Chem., 100, 6371–6375, https://doi.org/10.1021/jp953675a, 1996.
Andreae, M. O.: Soot carbon and excess fine potassium: long-range transport
of combustion-derived aerosols, Science, 220, 1148–1151,
https://doi.org/10.1126/science.220.4602.1148, 1983.
Andreae, M. O. and Crutzen, P. J.: Atmospheric Aerosols: Biogeochemical
Sources and Role in Atmospheric Chemistry, Science, 276, 1052–1058,
https://doi.org/10.1126/science.276.5315.1052, 1997.
Artaxo, P., Gerab, F., Yamasoe, M. A., and Martins, J. V.: Fine mode aerosol
composition at three long-term atmospheric monitoring sites in the Amazon
Basin, J. Geophys. Res., 99, 22857–22868, https://doi.org/10.1029/94jd01023, 1994.
Asmi, E., Frey, A., Virkkula, A., Ehn, M., Manninen, H. E., Timonen, H., Tolonen-Kivimäki, O., Aurela, M., Hillamo, R., and Kulmala, M.: Hygroscopicity and chemical composition of Antarctic sub-micrometre aerosol particles and observations of new particle formation, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 4253–4271, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-4253-2010, 2010.
Atwood, S. A., Reid, J. S., Kreidenweis, S. M., Blake, D. R., Jonsson, H. H., Lagrosas, N. D., Xian, P., Reid, E. A., Sessions, W. R., and Simpas, J. B.: Size-resolved aerosol and cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) properties in the remote marine South China Sea – Part 1: Observations and source classification, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 1105–1123, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-1105-2017, 2017.
AzadiAghdam, M., Braun, R. A., Edwards, E.-L., Bañaga, P. A., Cruz, M.
T., Betito, G., Cambaliza, M. O., Dadashazar, H., Lorenzo, G. R., Ma, L.,
MacDonald, A. B., Nguyen, P., Simpas, J. B., Stahl, C., and Sorooshian, A.:
On the nature of sea salt aerosol at a coastal megacity: Insights from
Manila, Philippines in Southeast Asia, Atmos. Environ., 216, 116922,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2019.116922, 2019.
Baboukas, E. D., Kanakidou, M., and Mihalopoulos, N.: Carboxylic acids in
gas and particulate phase above the Atlantic Ocean, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos.,
105, 14459–14471, https://doi.org/10.1029/1999jd900977, 2000.
Bagtasa, G., Cayetano, M. G., and Yuan, C.-S.: Seasonal variation and chemical characterization of PM2.5 in northwestern Philippines, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 4965–4980, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-4965-2018, 2018.
Bagtasa, G., Cayetano, M. G., Yuan, C.-S., Uchino, O., Sakai, T., Izumi, T.,
Morino, I., Nagai, T., Macatangay, R. C., and Velazco, V. A.: Long-range
transport of aerosols from East and Southeast Asia to northern Philippines
and its direct radiative forcing effect, Atmos. Environ., 218, 117007,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2019.117007, 2019.
Bagtasa, G., and Yuan, C.-S.: Influence of local meteorology on the chemical
characteristics of fine particulates in Metropolitan Manila in the
Philippines, Atmos. Pollut. Res., 11, 1359–1369, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apr.2020.05.013,
2020.
Bañares, E. N., Narisma, G. T. T., Simpas, J. B. B., Cruz, F. A. T.,
Lorenzo, G. R. H., Cambaliza, M. O., and Coronel, R. C.: Diurnal
characterization of localized convective rain events in urban Metro Manila,
Philippines, AGUFM, 2018, A11J-2367, 2018.
Barbaro, E., Padoan, S., Kirchgeorg, T., Zangrando, R., Toscano, G.,
Barbante, C., and Gambaro, A.: Particle size distribution of inorganic and
organic ions in coastal and inland Antarctic aerosol, Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res.
Int., 24, 2724–2733, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-016-8042-x, 2017.
Bardouki, H., Berresheim, H., Vrekoussis, M., Sciare, J., Kouvarakis, G., Oikonomou, K., Schneider, J., and Mihalopoulos, N.: Gaseous (DMS, MSA, SO2, H2SO4 and DMSO) and particulate (sulfate and methanesulfonate) sulfur species over the northeastern coast of Crete, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 3, 1871–1886, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-3-1871-2003, 2003a.
Bardouki, H., Liakakou, H., Economou, C., Sciare, J., Smolìk, J.,
Ždìmal, V., Eleftheriadis, K., Lazaridis, M., Dye, C., and
Mihalopoulos, N.: Chemical composition of size-resolved atmospheric aerosols
in the eastern Mediterranean during summer and winter, Atmos. Environ., 37,
195–208, https://doi.org/10.1016/s1352-2310(02)00859-2, 2003b.
Bates, T. S., Lamb, B. K., Guenther, A., Dignon, J., and Stoiber, R. E.:
Sulfur emissions to the atmosphere from natural sourees, J. Atmos. Chem., 14,
315–337, https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00115242, 2004.
Bautista, A. T., Pabroa, P. C. B., Santos, F. L., Racho, J. M. D., and
Quirit, L. L.: Carbonaceous particulate matter characterization in an urban
and a rural site in the Philippines, Atmos. Pollut. Res., 5, 245–252,
https://doi.org/10.5094/apr.2014.030, 2014.
Beaver, M. R., Garland, R. M., Hasenkopf, C. A., Baynard, T., Ravishankara,
A. R., and Tolbert, M. A.: A laboratory investigation of the relative
humidity dependence of light extinction by organic compounds from lignin
combustion, Environ. Res. Lett., 3, 045003, https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/3/4/045003, 2008.
Berresheim, H.: Biogenic sulfur emissions from the Subantarctic and
Antarctic Oceans, J. Geophys. Res., 92, 13245–13262, https://doi.org/10.1029/JD092iD11p13245,
1987.
Bikkina, S., Kawamura, K., Miyazaki, Y., and Fu, P.: High abundances of
oxalic, azelaic, and glyoxylic acids and methylglyoxal in the open ocean
with high biological activity: Implication for secondary OA formation from
isoprene, Geophys. Res. Lett., 41, 3649–3657, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014gl059913, 2014.
Biona, J. B., Mejia, M., Tacderas, M., dela Cruz, N., Dematera, K., and Romero, J.: Alternative Technologies for
the Philippine Utility Jeepney: A Cost-Benefit Study; Blacksmith Institute and Clean Air Asia: Pasig City,
Philippines, available at: https://cleanairasia.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/Jeepney-CB-Study.pdf (last access: 1 July 2020), 2017.
Blando, J. D. and Turpin, B. J.: Secondary organic aerosol formation in
cloud and fog droplets: a literature evaluation of plausibility, Atmos. Environ., 34, 1623–1632, https://doi.org/10.1016/s1352-2310(99)00392-1, 2000.
Braun, R. A., Aghdam, M. A., Bañaga, P. A., Betito, G., Cambaliza, M. O., Cruz, M. T., Lorenzo, G. R., MacDonald, A. B., Simpas, J. B., Stahl, C., and Sorooshian, A.: Long-range aerosol transport and impacts on size-resolved aerosol composition in Metro Manila, Philippines, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 2387–2405, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-2387-2020, 2020.
Brown, S. G., Eberly, S., Paatero, P., and Norris, G. A.: Methods for
estimating uncertainty in PMF solutions: examples with ambient air and water
quality data and guidance on reporting PMF results, Sci. Total Environ.,
518, 626–635, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.01.022, 2015.
Cai, C., Marsh, A., Zhang, Y. H., and Reid, J. P.: Group Contribution
Approach To Predict the Refractive Index of Pure Organic Components in
Ambient Organic Aerosol, Environ. Sci. Technol., 51, 9683–9690,
https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.7b01756, 2017.
Carlton, A. G., Turpin, B. J., Lim, H.-J., Altieri, K. E., and Seitzinger,
S.: Link between isoprene and secondary organic aerosol (SOA): Pyruvic acid
oxidation yields low volatility organic acids in clouds, Geophys. Res. Lett.,
33, L06822, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005gl025374, 2006.
Chebbi, A. and Carlier, P.: Carboxylic acids in the troposphere,
occurrence, sources, and sinks: A review, Atmos. Environ., 30, 4233–4249,
https://doi.org/10.1016/1352-2310(96)00102-1, 1996.
Chow, J. C., Watson, J. G., Kuhns, H., Etyemezian, V., Lowenthal, D. H.,
Crow, D., Kohl, S. D., Engelbrecht, J. P., and Green, M. C.: Source profiles
for industrial, mobile, and area sources in the Big Bend Regional Aerosol
Visibility and Observational study, Chemosphere, 54, 185–208,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2003.07.004, 2004.
Claeys, M., Vermeylen, R., Yasmeen, F., Gómez-González, Y., Chi, X.,
Maenhaut, W., Mészáros, T., and Salma, I.: Chemical characterisation
of humic-like substances from urban, rural and tropical biomass burning
environments using liquid chromatography with UV/vis photodiode array
detection and electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry, Environ. Chem., 9,
273–284, https://doi.org/10.1071/en11163, 2012.
Cohen, D. D., Stelcer, E., Santos, F. L., Prior, M., Thompson, C., and
Pabroa, P. C. B.: Fingerprinting and source apportionment of fine particle
pollution in Manila by IBA and PMF techniques: A 7-year study, X-Ray
Spectrom, 38, 18–25, https://doi.org/10.1002/xrs.1112, 2009.
Crosbie, E., Sorooshian, A., Monfared, N. A., Shingler, T., and Esmaili, O.:
A multi-year aerosol characterization for the greater Tehran area using
satellite, surface, and modeling data, Atmosphere, 5, 178–197,
https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos5020178, 2014.
Cruz, F. T., Narisma, G. T., Villafuerte, M. Q., Cheng Chua, K. U., and
Olaguera, L. M.: A climatological analysis of the southwest monsoon rainfall
in the Philippines, Atmos. Res., 122, 609–616, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2012.06.010,
2013.
Cruz, M. T., Bañaga, P. A., Betito, G., Braun, R. A., Stahl, C., Aghdam, M. A., Cambaliza, M. O., Dadashazar, H., Hilario, M. R., Lorenzo, G. R., Ma, L., MacDonald, A. B., Pabroa, P. C., Yee, J. R., Simpas, J. B., and Sorooshian, A.: Size-resolved composition and morphology of particulate matter during the southwest monsoon in Metro Manila, Philippines, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 10675–10696, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-10675-2019, 2019.
Dasgupta, P. K., Campbell, S. W., Al-Horr, R. S., Ullah, S. M. R., Li, J.,
Amalfitano, C., and Poor, N. D.: Conversion of sea salt aerosol to NaNO3 and
the production of HCl: Analysis of temporal behavior of aerosol
chloride/nitrate and gaseous HCl∕HNO3 concentrations with AIM, Atmos. Environ., 41, 4242–4257, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2006.09.054, 2007.
Davis, D., Chen, G., Kasibhatla, P., Jefferson, A., Tanner, D., Eisele, F.,
Lenschow, D., Neff, W., and Berresheim, H.: DMS oxidation in the Antarctic
marine boundary layer: Comparison of model simulations and held observations
of DMS, DMSO, DMSO2, H2SO4(g), MSA(g), and MSA(p), J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 103,
1657-1678, https://doi.org/10.1029/97jd03452, 1998.
Dawson, M. L., Varner, M. E., Perraud, V., Ezell, M. J., Gerber, R. B., and
Finlayson-Pitts, B. J.: Simplified mechanism for new particle formation from
methanesulfonic acid, amines, and water via experiments and ab initio
calculations, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 109, 18719–18724,
https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1211878109, 2012.
De Bruyn, W. J., Shorter, J. A., Davidovits, P., Worsnop, D. R., Zahniser,
M. S., and Kolb, C. E.: Uptake of gas phase sulfur species methanesulfonic
acid, dimethylsulfoxide, and dimethyl sulfone by aqueous surfaces, J. Geophys. Res., 99, 16927–16932, https://doi.org/10.1029/94jd00684, 1994.
Decesari, S., Fuzzi, S., Facchini, M. C., Mircea, M., Emblico, L., Cavalli, F., Maenhaut, W., Chi, X., Schkolnik, G., Falkovich, A., Rudich, Y., Claeys, M., Pashynska, V., Vas, G., Kourtchev, I., Vermeylen, R., Hoffer, A., Andreae, M. O., Tagliavini, E., Moretti, F., and Artaxo, P.: Characterization of the organic composition of aerosols from Rondônia, Brazil, during the LBA-SMOCC 2002 experiment and its representation through model compounds, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 6, 375–402, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-6-375-2006, 2006.
Deshmukh, D. K., Kawamura, K., Lazaar, M., Kunwar, B., and Boreddy, S. K. R.: Dicarboxylic acids, oxoacids, benzoic acid, α-dicarbonyls, WSOC, OC, and ions in spring aerosols from Okinawa Island in the western North Pacific Rim: size distributions and formation processes, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 5263–5282, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-5263-2016, 2016.
Dimitriou, K.: The dependence of PM size distribution from meteorology and
local-regional contributions, in Valencia (Spain)-A CWT model approach,
Aerosol. Air. Qual. Res., 15, 1979–1989, https://doi.org/10.4209/aaqr.2015.03.0162, 2015.
Dimitriou, K., Remoundaki, E., Mantas, E., and Kassomenos, P.: Spatial
distribution of source areas of PM2.5 by Concentration Weighted Trajectory
(CWT) model applied in PM2.5 concentration and composition data, Atmos. Environ., 116, 138–145, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2015.06.021, 2015.
Ding, X. X., Kong, L. D., Du, C. T., Zhanzakova, A., Fu, H. B., Tang, X. F.,
Wang, L., Yang, X., Chen, J. M., and Cheng, T. T.: Characteristics of
size-resolved atmospheric inorganic and carbonaceous aerosols in urban
Shanghai, Atmos. Environ., 167, 625–641, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2017.08.043, 2017.
Drozd, G., Woo, J., Häkkinen, S. A. K., Nenes, A., and McNeill, V. F.: Inorganic salts interact with oxalic acid in submicron particles to form material with low hygroscopicity and volatility, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 5205–5215, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-5205-2014, 2014.
Du, Z., He, K., Cheng, Y., Duan, F., Ma, Y., Liu, J., Zhang, X., Zheng, M.,
and Weber, R.: A yearlong study of water-soluble organic carbon in Beijing
I: Sources and its primary vs. secondary nature, Atmos. Environ.,
92, 514–521, 2014.
Echalar, F., Gaudichet, A., Cachier, H., and Artaxo, P.: Aerosol emissions
by tropical forest and savanna biomass burning: Characteristic trace
elements and fluxes, Geophys. Res. Lett., 22, 3039–3042, https://doi.org/10.1029/95gl03170,
1995.
Ervens, B., Feingold, G., Clegg, S. L., and Kreidenweis, S. M.: A modeling
study of aqueous production of dicarboxylic acids: 2. Implications for cloud
microphysics, J. Geophys. Res., 109, D15206, https://doi.org/10.1029/2004jd004575, 2004.
Ervens, B., Sorooshian, A., Lim, Y. B., and Turpin, B. J.: Key parameters
controlling OH-initiated formation of secondary organic aerosol in the
aqueous phase (aqSOA), J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 119, 3997–4016,
https://doi.org/10.1002/2013jd021021, 2014.
Ervens, B.: Progress and Problems in Modeling Chemical Processing in Cloud
Droplets and Wet Aerosol Particles, in: Multiphase Environmental Chemistry
in the Atmosphere, ACS Symposium Series, ACS Publications, 327–345, 2018.
Falkovich, A. H., Schkolnik, G., Ganor, E., and Rudich, Y.: Adsorption of
organic compounds pertinent to urban environments onto mineral dust
particles, J. Geophys. Res., 109, D02208, https://doi.org/10.1029/2003jd003919, 2004.
Falkovich, A. H., Graber, E. R., Schkolnik, G., Rudich, Y., Maenhaut, W., and Artaxo, P.: Low molecular weight organic acids in aerosol particles from Rondônia, Brazil, during the biomass-burning, transition and wet periods, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 5, 781–797, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-5-781-2005, 2005.
Fine, P. M., Chakrabarti, B., Krudysz, M., Schauer, J. J., and Sioutas, C.:
Diurnal variations of individual organic compound constituents of ultrafine
and accumulation mode particulate matter in the Los Angeles Basin, Environ. Sci. Technol., 38, 1296–1304, https://doi.org/10.1021/es0348389, 2004.
Fitzgerald, J. W.: Marine aerosols: A review, Atmos. Environ., 25,
533–545, https://doi.org/10.1016/0960-1686(91)90050-h, 1991.
Fossum, K. N., Ovadnevaite, J., Ceburnis, D., Dall'Osto, M., Marullo, S.,
Bellacicco, M., Simo, R., Liu, D., Flynn, M., Zuend, A., and O'Dowd, C.:
Summertime Primary and Secondary Contributions to Southern Ocean Cloud
Condensation Nuclei, Sci. Rep., 8, 13844, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-32047-4, 2018.
Freedman, M. A., Hasenkopf, C. A., Beaver, M. R., and Tolbert, M. A.:
Optical properties of internally mixed aerosol particles composed of
dicarboxylic acids and ammonium sulfate, J. Phys. Chem. A, 113, 13584–13592,
https://doi.org/10.1021/jp906240y, 2009.
Fu, P. Q., Kawamura, K., Chen, J., Li, J., Sun, Y. L., Liu, Y., Tachibana, E., Aggarwal, S. G., Okuzawa, K., Tanimoto, H., Kanaya, Y., and Wang, Z. F.: Diurnal variations of organic molecular tracers and stable carbon isotopic composition in atmospheric aerosols over Mt. Tai in the North China Plain: an influence of biomass burning, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 8359–8375, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-8359-2012, 2012.
Gao, S., Hegg, D. A., Hobbs, P. V., Kirchstetter, T. W., Magi, B. I., and
Sadilek, M.: Water-soluble organic components in aerosols associated with
savanna fires in southern Africa: Identification, evolution, and
distribution, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 108, 8491, https://doi.org/10.1029/2002jd002324, 2003.
Gao, Y., Arimoto, R., Duce, R. A., Chen, L. Q., Zhou, M. Y., and Gu, D. Y.:
Atmospheric non-sea-salt sulfate, nitrate and methanesulfonate over the
China Sea, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 101, 12601–12611, https://doi.org/10.1029/96jd00866, 1996.
Ge, C., Wang, J., Reid, J. S., Posselt, D. J., Xian, P., and Hyer, E.:
Mesoscale modeling of smoke transport from equatorial Southeast Asian
Maritime Continent to the Philippines: First comparison of ensemble analysis
with in situ observations, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 122, 5380–5398,
https://doi.org/10.1002/2016jd026241, 2017.
Gelencsér and Varga: Evaluation of the atmospheric significance of multiphase reactions in atmospheric secondary organic aerosol formation, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 5, 2823–2831, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-5-2823-2005, 2005.
Golly, B., Waked, A., Weber, S., Samake, A., Jacob, V., Conil, S.,
Rangognio, J., Chrétien, E., Vagnot, M. P., Robic, P. Y., Besombes, J.
L., and Jaffrezo, J. L.: Organic markers and OC source apportionment for
seasonal variations of PM2.5 at 5 rural sites in France, Atmos. Environ., 198,
142–157, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.201810.027, 2019.
Gondwe, M., Krol, M., Klaassen, W., Gieskes, W., and de Baar, H.: Comparison
of modeled versus measured MSA:nss SO4 = ratios: A global analysis, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 18, GB2006, https://doi.org/10.1029/2003gb002144, 2004.
Graham, B., Mayol-Bracero, O. L., Guyon, P., Roberts, G. C., Decesari, S.,
Facchini, M. C., Artaxo, P., Maenhaut, W., Koll, P., and Andreae, M. O.:
Water-soluble organic compounds in biomass burning aerosols over Amazonia1.
Characterization by NMR and GC-MS, J. Geophys. Res., 107, 14–16,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2001jd000336, 2002.
Greenfield, S. M.: Rain scavenging of radioactive particulate matter from
the atmosphere, J. Meteorol., 14, 115–125, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(1957)0142.0.CO,
1957.
Grosjean, D., Van Cauwenberghe, K., Schmid, J. P., Kelley, P. E., and Pitts,
J. N.: Identification of C3-C10 aliphatic dicarboxylic acids in airborne
particulate matter, Environ. Sci. Technol., 12, 313–317, https://doi.org/10.1021/es60139a005,
1978.
Gullett, B. K., Linak, W. P., Touati, A., Wasson, S. J., Gatica, S., and
King, C. J.: Characterization of air emissions and residual ash from open
burning of electronic wastes during simulated rudimentary recycling
operations, J. Mater. Cycles Waste., 9, 69–79, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10163-006-0161-x, 2007.
Hanson, D. R.: Mass accommodation of H2SO4 and CH3SO3H on water-sulfuric
acid solutions from 6% to 97% RH, J. Phys. Chem. A, 109, 6919–6927,
https://doi.org/10.1021/jp0510443, 2005.
Harrison, R. M., Beddows, D. C., and Dall'Osto, M.: PMF analysis of
wide-range particle size spectra collected on a major highway, Environ. Sci. Technol., 45, 5522–5528, https://doi.org/10.1021/es2006622, 2011.
Hatakeyama, S., Ohno, M., Weng, J., Takagi, H., and Akimoto, H.: Mechanism
for the formation of gaseous and particulate products from ozone-cycloalkene
reactions in air, Environ. Sci. Technol., 21, 52–57, https://doi.org/10.1021/es00155a005, 1987.
Hegde, P., Kawamura, K., Girach, I., and Nair, P. R.: Characterisation of
water-soluble organic aerosols at a site on the southwest coast of India,
J. Atmos. Chem., 73, 181–205, 2016.
Hilario, M. R. A., Cruz, M. T., Bañaga, P. A., Betito, G., Braun, R. A.,
Stahl, C., Cambaliza, M. O., Lorenzo, G. R., MacDonald, A. B., AzadiAghdam,
M., Pabroa, P. C., Yee, J. R., Simpas, J. B., and Sorooshian, A.:
Characterizing weekly cycles of particulate matter in a coastal megacity:
The importance of a seasonal, size-resolved, and chemically-speciated
analysis, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 125, e2020JD032614, https://doi.org/10.1029/2020JD032614, 2020a.
Hilario, M. R. A., Cruz, M. T., Cambaliza, M. O. L., Reid, J. S., Xian, P., Simpas, J. B., Lagrosas, N. D., Uy, S. N. Y., Cliff, S., and Zhao, Y.: Investigating size-segregated sources of elemental composition of particulate matter in the South China Sea during the 2011 Vasco cruise, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 1255–1276, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-1255-2020, 2020b.
Ho, K. F., Lee, S. C., Cao, J. J., Kawamura, K., Watanabe, T., Cheng, Y.,
and Chow, J. C.: Dicarboxylic acids, ketocarboxylic acids and dicarbonyls in
the urban roadside area of Hong Kong, Atmos. Environ., 40, 3030–3040,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2005.11.069, 2006.
Hodshire, A. L., Campuzano-Jost, P., Kodros, J. K., Croft, B., Nault, B. A., Schroder, J. C., Jimenez, J. L., and Pierce, J. R.: The potential role of methanesulfonic acid (MSA) in aerosol formation and growth and the associated radiative forcings, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 3137–3160, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-3137-2019, 2019.
Hoffmann, E. H., Tilgner, A., Schrodner, R., Brauer, P., Wolke, R., and
Herrmann, H.: An advanced modeling study on the impacts and atmospheric
implications of multiphase dimethyl sulfide chemistry, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 113, 11776–11781, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1606320113, 2016.
Hoffmann, E. H., Tilgner, A., Vogelsberg, U., Wolke, R., and Herrmann, H.:
Near-Explicit Multiphase Modeling of Halogen Chemistry in a Mixed Urban and
Maritime Coastal Area, ACS Earth Space Chem., 3, 2452–2471,
https://doi.org/10.1021/acsearthspacechem.9b00184, 2019.
Hopke, P. K., Cohen, D. D., Begum, B. A., Biswas, S. K., Ni, B., Pandit, G.
G., Santoso, M., Chung, Y.-S., Rahman, S. A., Hamzah, M. S., Davy, P.,
Markwitz, A., Waheed, S., Siddique, N., Santos, F. L., Pabroa, P. C. B.,
Seneviratne, M. C. S., Wimolwattanapun, W., Bunprapob, S., Vuong, T. B., and
Markowicz, A.: Urban air quality in the Asian region, Sci. Total Environ.,
409, 4140, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2011.06.028, 2011.
Hsu, S. C., Liu, S. C., Huang, Y. T., Chou, C. C., Lung, S. C., Liu, T. H.,
Tu, J. Y., and Tsai, F.: Long-range southeastward transport of Asian
biosmoke pollution: Signature detected by aerosol potassium in northern
Taiwan, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 114, D14301, https://doi.org/10.1029/2009JD011725, 2009.
Hsu, Y.-K., Holsen, T. M., and Hopke, P. K.: Comparison of hybrid receptor
models to locate PCB sources in Chicago, Atmos. Environ., 37, 545–562,
https://doi.org/10.1016/S1352-2310(02)00886-5, 2003.
Iijima, A., Sato, K., Yano, K., Tago, H., Kato, M., Kimura, H., and Furuta,
N.: Particle size and composition distribution analysis of automotive brake
abrasion dusts for the evaluation of antimony sources of airborne
particulate matter, Atmos. Environ., 41, 4908–4919,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2007.02.005, 2007.
Kautzman, K. E., Surratt, J. D., Chan, M. N., Chan, A. W., Hersey, S. P.,
Chhabra, P. S., Dalleska, N. F., Wennberg, P. O., Flagan, R. C., and
Seinfeld, J. H.: Chemical composition of gas- and aerosol-phase products
from the photooxidation of naphthalene, J. Phys. Chem. A, 114, 913–934,
https://doi.org/10.1021/jp908530s, 2010.
Kavouras, I. G. and Stephanou, E. G.: Particle size distribution of organic
primary and secondary aerosol constituents in urban, background marine, and
forest atmosphere, J. Geophys. Res., 107, 4069, https://doi.org/10.1029/2000jd000278, 2002.
Kawamura, K. and Kaplan, I. R.: Motor exhaust emissions as a primary source
for dicarboxylic acids in Los Angeles ambient air, Environ. Sci. Technol., 21,
105–110, https://doi.org/10.1021/es00155a014, 1987.
Kawamura, K. and Ikushima, K.: Seasonal changes in the distribution of
dicarboxylic acids in the urban atmosphere, Environ. Sci. Technol., 27,
2227–2235, https://doi.org/10.1021/es00047a033, 2002.
Kawamura, K., Imai, Y., and Barrie, L. A.: Photochemical production and loss
of organic acids in high Arctic aerosols during long-range transport and
polar sunrise ozone depletion events, Atmos. Environ., 39, 599–614,
2005.
Kawamura, K. and Yasui, O.: Diurnal changes in the distribution of
dicarboxylic acids, ketocarboxylic acids and dicarbonyls in the urban Tokyo
atmosphere, Atmos. Environ., 39, 1945–1960, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2004.12.014,
2005.
Kawamura, K., Tachibana, E., Okuzawa, K., Aggarwal, S. G., Kanaya, Y., and Wang, Z. F.: High abundances of water-soluble dicarboxylic acids, ketocarboxylic acids and α-dicarbonyls in the mountaintop aerosols over the North China Plain during wheat burning season, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 8285–8302, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-8285-2013, 2013.
Kawamura, K. and Bikkina, S.: A review of dicarboxylic acids and related
compounds in atmospheric aerosols: Molecular distributions, sources and
transformation, Atmos. Res., 170, 140–160, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2015.11.018,
2016.
Kecorius, S., Madueño, L., Vallar, E., Alas, H., Betito, G., Birmili,
W., Cambaliza, M. O., Catipay, G., Gonzaga-Cayetano, M., Galvez, M. C.,
Lorenzo, G., Müller, T., Simpas, J. B., Tamayo, E. G., and Wiedensohler,
A.: Aerosol particle mixing state, refractory particle number size
distributions and emission factors in a polluted urban environment: Case
study of Metro Manila, Philippines, Atmos. Environ., 170, 169–183,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2017.09.037, 2017.
Kerminen, V.-M., Teinilä, K., Hillamo, R., and Mäkelä, T.:
Size-segregated chemistry of particulate dicarboxylic acids in the Arctic
atmosphere, Atmos. Environ., 33, 2089–2100, https://doi.org/10.1016/s1352-2310(98)00350-1,
1999.
Kerminen, V.-M., Aurela, M., Hillamo, R. E., and Virkkula, A.: Formation of
particulate MSA: deductions from size distribution measurements in the
Finnish Arctic, Tellus B, 49, 159–171, https://doi.org/10.3402/tellusb.v49i2.15959, 2017.
Kim Oanh, N. T., Upadhyay, N., Zhuang, Y. H., Hao, Z. P., Murthy, D. V. S.,
Lestari, P., Villarin, J. T., Chengchua, K., Co, H. X., and Dung, N. T.:
Particulate air pollution in six Asian cities: Spatial and temporal
distributions, and associated sources, Atmos. Environ., 40, 3367–3380,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2006.01.050, 2006.
Kleindienst, T. E., Jaoui, M., Lewandowski, M., Offenberg, J. H., and Docherty, K. S.: The formation of SOA and chemical tracer compounds from the photooxidation of naphthalene and its methyl analogs in the presence and absence of nitrogen oxides, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 8711–8726, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-8711-2012, 2012.
Kobayashi, H., Matsunaga, T., Hoyano, A., Aoki, M., Komori, D., and
Boonyawat, S.: Satellite estimation of photosynthetically active radiation
in Southeast Asia: Impacts of smoke and cloud cover, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos.,
109, D04102, https://doi.org/10.1029/2003jd003807, 2004.
Kumar, S., Aggarwal, S. G., Gupta, P. K., and Kawamura, K.: Investigation of
the tracers for plastic-enriched waste burning aerosols, Atmos. Environ., 108,
49–58, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2015.02.066, 2015.
Kundu, S., Kawamura, K., Andreae, T. W., Hoffer, A., and Andreae, M. O.: Molecular distributions of dicarboxylic acids, ketocarboxylic acids and α-dicarbonyls in biomass burning aerosols: implications for photochemical production and degradation in smoke layers, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 2209–2225, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-2209-2010, 2010.
Kunwar, B., Kawamura, K., Fujiwara, S., Fu, P., Miyazaki, Y., and Pokhrel,
A.: Dicarboxylic acids, oxocarboxylic acids and α-dicarbonyls in
atmospheric aerosols from Mt. Fuji, Japan: Implication for primary emission
versus secondary formation, Atmos. Res., 221, 58–71,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2019.01.021, 2019.
Li, J., Wang, G., Zhang, Q., Li, J., Wu, C., Jiang, W., Zhu, T., and Zeng, L.: Molecular characteristics and diurnal variations of organic aerosols at a rural site in the North China Plain with implications for the influence of regional biomass burning, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 10481–10496, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-10481-2019, 2019.
Limbeck, A., Puxbaum, H., Otter, L., and Scholes, M. C.: Semivolatile
behavior of dicarboxylic acids and other polar organic species at a rural
background site (Nylsvley, RSA), Atmos. Environ., 35, 1853–1862,
https://doi.org/10.1016/s1352-2310(00)00497-0, 2001.
Linak, W. P., Miller, C. A., and Wendt, J. O.: Comparison of particle size
distributions and elemental partitioning from the combustion of pulverized
coal and residual fuel oil, J. Air Waste. Manag. Assoc., 50, 1532–1544,
https://doi.org/10.1080/10473289.2000.10464171, 2000.
Liu, Y., Minofar, B., Desyaterik, Y., Dames, E., Zhu, Z., Cain, J. P.,
Hopkins, R. J., Gilles, M. K., Wang, H., Jungwirth, P., and Laskin, A.:
Internal structure, hygroscopic and reactive properties of mixed sodium
methanesulfonate-sodium chloride particles, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 13,
11846–11857, https://doi.org/10.1039/c1cp20444k, 2011.
Ma, L., Dadashazar, H., Braun, R. A., MacDonald, A. B., Aghdam, M. A.,
Maudlin, L. C., and Sorooshian, A.: Size-resolved characteristics of
water-soluble particulate elements in a coastal area: Source identification,
influence of wildfires, and diurnal variability, Atmos. Environ., 206, 72–84,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2019.02.045, 2019.
Madueño, L., Kecorius, S., Birmili, W., Müller, T., Simpas, J.,
Vallar, E., Galvez, M. C., Cayetano, M., and Wiedensohler, A.: Aerosol
Particle and Black Carbon Emission Factors of Vehicular Fleet in Manila,
Philippines, Atmosphere, 10, 603, https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos10100603, 2019.
Mahowald, N., Jickells, T. D., Baker, A. R., Artaxo, P., Benitez-Nelson, C.
R., Bergametti, G., Bond, T. C., Chen, Y., Cohen, D. D., Herut, B., Kubilay,
N., Losno, R., Luo, C., Maenhaut, W., McGee, K. A., Okin, G. S., Siefert, R.
L., and Tsukuda, S.: Global distribution of atmospheric phosphorus sources,
concentrations and deposition rates, and anthropogenic impacts, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 22, GB4026, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008gb003240, 2008.
Malm, W. C., Sisler, J. F., Huffman, D., Eldred, R. A., and Cahill, T. A.:
Spatial and seasonal trends in particle concentration and optical extinction
in the United States, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 99, 1347–1370, https://doi.org/10.1029/93jd02916,
1994.
Mardi, A. H., Dadashazar, H., MacDonald, A. B., Braun, R. A., Crosbie, E.,
Xian, P., Thorsen, T. J., Coggon, M. M., Fenn, M. A., Ferrare, R. A., Hair,
J. W., Woods, R. K., Jonsson, H. H., Flagan, R. C., Seinfeld, J. H., and
Sorooshian, A.: Biomass Burning Plumes in the Vicinity of the California
Coast: Airborne Characterization of Physicochemical Properties, Heating
Rates, and Spatiotemporal Features, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 123,
13560–13582, https://doi.org/10.1029/2018jd029134, 2018.
Marple, V., Olson, B., Romay, F., Hudak, G., Geerts, S. M., and Lundgren,
D.: Second Generation Micro-Orifice Uniform Deposit Impactor, 120 MOUDI-II:
Design, Evaluation, and Application to Long-Term Ambient Sampling, Aerosol
Sci. Tech., 48, 427–433, https://doi.org/10.1080/02786826.2014.884274, 2014.
Marsh, A., Miles, R. E. H., Rovelli, G., Cowling, A. G., Nandy, L., Dutcher, C. S., and Reid, J. P.: Influence of organic compound functionality on aerosol hygroscopicity: dicarboxylic acids, alkyl-substituents, sugars and amino acids, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 5583–5599, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-5583-2017, 2017.
Marsh, A., Rovelli, G., Miles, R. E. H., and Reid, J. P.: Complexity of
Measuring and Representing the Hygroscopicity of Mixed Component Aerosol, J. Phys. Chem. A, 123, 1648–1660, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpca.8b11623, 2019.
Matsumoto, J., Olaguera, L. M. P., Nguyen-Le, D., Kubota, H., and
Villafuerte, M. Q.: Climatological seasonal changes of wind and rainfall in
the Philippines, Int. J. Climatol., 40, 4843–4857, https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.6492, 2020.
Maudlin, L. C., Wang, Z., Jonsson, H. H., and Sorooshian, A.: Impact of
wildfires on size-resolved aerosol composition at a coastal California site,
Atmos. Environ., 119, 59–68, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2015.08.039, 2015.
McGinty, S. M., Kapala, M. K., and Niedziela, R. F.: Mid-infrared complex
refractive indices for oleic acid and optical properties of model oleic
acid/water aerosols, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 11, 7998–8004, https://doi.org/10.1039/b905371a,
2009.
Miljevic, B., Hedayat, F., Stevanovic, S., Fairfull-Smith, K. E., Bottle,
S., and Ristovski, Z.: To sonicate or not to sonicate PM filters: Reactive
oxygen species generation upon ultrasonic irradiation, Aerosol Sci. Tech.,
48, 1276–1284, https://doi.org/10.1080/02786826.2014.981330, 2014.
Mochida, M., Umemoto, N., Kawamura, K., and Uematsu, M.: Bimodal size
distribution of C2-C4 dicarboxylic acids in the marine aerosols, Geophys. Res. Lett., 30, 1672, https://doi.org/10.1029/2003gl017451, 2003.
Mooibroek, D., Schaap, M., Weijers, E. P., and Hoogerbrugge, R.: Source
apportionment and spatial variability of PM2.5 using measurements at five
sites in the Netherlands, Atmos. Environ., 45, 4180–4191,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2011.05.017, 2011.
Mora, M., Braun, R. A., Shingler, T., and Sorooshian, A.: Analysis of
remotely sensed and surface data of aerosols and meteorology for the Mexico
Megalopolis Area between 2003 and 2015, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 122, 8705–8723,
https://doi.org/10.1002/2017JD026739, 2017.
Myhre, C. E. L. and Nielsen, C. J.: Optical properties in the UV and visible spectral region of organic acids relevant to tropospheric aerosols, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 4, 1759–1769, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-4-1759-2004, 2004.
Narukawa, M., Kawamura, K., Takeuchi, N., and Nakajima, T.: Distribution of
dicarboxylic acids and carbon isotopic compositions in aerosols from 1997
Indonesian forest fires, Geophys. Res. Lett., 26, 3101–3104,
https://doi.org/10.1029/1999gl010810, 1999.
Neusüss, C., Pelzing, M., Plewka, A., and Herrmann, H.: A new analytical
approach for size-resolved speciation of organic compounds in atmospheric
aerosol particles: Methods and first results, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 105,
4513–4527, https://doi.org/10.1029/1999jd901038, 2000.
Nguyen, D. L., Kawamura, K., Ono, K., Ram, S. S., Engling, G., Lee, C.-T.,
Lin, N.-H., Chang, S.-C., Chuang, M.-T., and Hsiao, T.-C.: Comprehensive
PM2.5 organic molecular composition and stable carbon isotope ratios at
Sonla, Vietnam: Fingerprint of biomass burning components, Aerosol. Air. Qual. Res., 16, 2618–2634, https://doi.org/10.4209/aaqr.2015.07.0459 2016.
Norton, R. B., Roberts, J. M., and Huebert, B. J.: Tropospheric oxalate,
Geophys. Res. Lett., 10, 517–520, https://doi.org/10.1029/GL010i007p00517, 1983.
Ovadnevaite, J., Ceburnis, D., Leinert, S., Dall'Osto, M., Canagaratna, M.,
O'Doherty, S., Berresheim, H., and O'Dowd, C.: Submicron NE Atlantic marine
aerosol chemical composition and abundance: Seasonal trends and air mass
categorization, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 119, 11850–11863,
https://doi.org/10.1002/2013jd021330, 2014.
Paatero, P. and Tapper, U.: Positive matrix factorization: A non-negative
factor model with optimal utilization of error estimates of data values,
Environmetrics, 5, 111–126, 1994.
Pabroa, P. C. B., Santos, F. L., Morco, R. P., Racho, J. M. D., Bautista
Vii, A. T., and Bucal, C. G. D.: Receptor modeling studies for the
characterization of air particulate lead pollution sources in Valenzuela
sampling site (Philippines), Atmos. Pollut. Res., 2, 213–218,
https://doi.org/10.5094/apr.2011.027, 2011.
PAGASA: Termination of the southwest monsoon: available at: http://bagong.pagasa.dost.gov.ph/press-release/30 (last access: 1 July 2020), 2018a.
PAGASA: Onset of the rainy season: available at: http://bagong.pagasa.dost.gov.ph/press-release/29 (last access: 1 July 2020), 2018b.
PAGASA: Onset of the northeast monsoon: available at: http://bagong.pagasa.dost.gov.ph/press-release/32 (last access: 1 July 2020), 2018c.
PAGASA: Onset of the rainy season: available at: http://bagong.pagasa.dost.gov.ph/press-release/50 (last access: 1 July 2020), 2019a.
PAGASA: Transition to northeast monsoon: available at: http://bagong.pagasa.dost.gov.ph/press-release/56 (last access: 1 July 2020), 2019b.
Paris, R. and Desboeufs, K.: Effect of atmospheric organic complexation on
iron-bearing dust solubility, Atmos Chem Phys, 13, 4895-4905,
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-4895-2013, 2013.
Peng, C. and Chan, C. K.: The water cycles of water-soluble organic salts
of atmospheric importance, Atmos. Environ., 35, 1183–1192,
https://doi.org/10.1016/s1352-2310(00)00426-x, 2001.
Peng, C., Jing, B., Guo, Y. C., Zhang, Y. H., and Ge, M. F.: Hygroscopic
Behavior of Multicomponent Aerosols Involving NaCl and Dicarboxylic Acids, J. Phys. Chem. A, 120, 1029–1038, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpca.5b09373, 2016.
Pereira, W. E., Rostad, C. E., Taylor, H. E., and Klein, J. M.:
Characterization of organic contaminants in environmental samples associated
with Mount St. Helens 1980 volcanic eruption, Environ. Sci. Technol., 16,
387–396, https://doi.org/10.1021/es00101a005, 1982.
Prabhakar, G., Sorooshian, A., Toffol, E., Arellano, A. F., and Betterton,
E. A.: Spatiotemporal Distribution of Airborne Particulate Metals and
Metalloids in a Populated Arid Region, Atmos. Environ., 92, 339–347,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2014.04.044, 2014.
Pratt, K. A., Murphy, S. M., Subramanian, R., DeMott, P. J., Kok, G. L., Campos, T., Rogers, D. C., Prenni, A. J., Heymsfield, A. J., Seinfeld, J. H., and Prather, K. A.: Flight-based chemical characterization of biomass burning aerosols within two prescribed burn smoke plumes, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 12549–12565, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-12549-2011, 2011.
Prenni, A. J., DeMott, P. J., Kreidenweis, S. M., Sherman, D. E., Russell,
L. M., and Ming, Y.: The Effects of Low Molecular Weight Dicarboxylic Acids
on Cloud Formation, J. Phys. Chem. A, 105, 11240–11248, https://doi.org/10.1021/jp012427d,
2001.
PSA: Highlights of the Philippine population 2015 census of population:
available at: https://psa.gov.ph/content/highlights-philippine-population-2015-census-population,
last access: 7 January 2016.
Ramachandran, S. and Rajesh, T. A.: Black carbon aerosol mass
concentrations over Ahmedabad, an urban location in western India:
Comparison with urban sites in Asia, Europe, Canada, and the United States,
J. Geophys. Res., 112, D06211, https://doi.org/10.1029/2006jd007488, 2007.
Ran, L., Deng, Z. Z., Wang, P. C., and Xia, X. A.: Black carbon and
wavelength-dependent aerosol absorption in the North China Plain based on
two-year aethalometer measurements, Atmos. Environ., 142, 132–144,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2016.07.014, 2016.
Reff, A., Eberly, S. I., and Bhave, P. V.: Receptor modeling of ambient
particulate matter data using positive matrix factorization: review of
existing methods, J. Air Waste. Manag. Assoc., 57, 146–154,
https://doi.org/10.1080/10473289.2007.10465319, 2007.
Reid, J. S., Hobbs, P. V., Ferek, R. J., Blake, D. R., Martins, J. V.,
Dunlap, M. R., and Liousse, C.: Physical, chemical, and optical properties
of regional hazes dominated by smoke in Brazil, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 103,
32059–32080, https://doi.org/10.1029/98jd00458, 1998.
Reid, J. S., Koppmann, R., Eck, T. F., and Eleuterio, D. P.: A review of biomass burning emissions part II: intensive physical properties of biomass burning particles, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 5, 799–825, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-5-799-2005, 2005.
Reid, J. S., Hyer, E. J., Johnson, R. S., Holben, B. N., Yokelson, R. J.,
Zhang, J., Campbell, J. R., Christopher, S. A., Di Girolamo, L., Giglio, L.,
Holz, R. E., Kearney, C., Miettinen, J., Reid, E. A., Turk, F. J., Wang, J.,
Xian, P., Zhao, G., Balasubramanian, R., Chew, B. N., Janjai, S., Lagrosas,
N., Lestari, P., Lin, N.-H., Mahmud, M., Nguyen, A. X., Norris, B., Oanh, N.
T. K., Oo, M., Salinas, S. V., Welton, E. J., and Liew, S. C.: Observing and
understanding the Southeast Asian aerosol system by remote sensing: An
initial review and analysis for the Seven Southeast Asian Studies (7SEAS)
program, Atmos. Res., 122, 403–468, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2012.06.005, 2013.
Reid, J. S., Xian, P., Holben, B. N., Hyer, E. J., Reid, E. A., Salinas, S. V., Zhang, J., Campbell, J. R., Chew, B. N., Holz, R. E., Kuciauskas, A. P., Lagrosas, N., Posselt, D. J., Sampson, C. R., Walker, A. L., Welton, E. J., and Zhang, C.: Aerosol meteorology of the Maritime Continent for the 2012 7SEAS southwest monsoon intensive study – Part 1: regional-scale phenomena, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 14041–14056, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-14041-2016, 2016.
Rogge, W. F., Mazurek, M. A., Hildemann, L. M., Cass, G. R., and Simoneit,
B. R. T.: Quantification of urban organic aerosols at a molecular level:
Identification, abundance and seasonal variation, Atmos. Environ., 27,
1309–1330, https://doi.org/10.1016/0960-1686(93)90257-y, 1993.
Rolph, G., Stein, A., and Stunder, B.: Real-time Environmental Applications
and Display sYstem: READY, Environ. Modell Softw., 95, 210–228,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2017.06.025, 2017.
Rose, C., Chaumerliac, N., Deguillaume, L., Perroux, H., Mouchel-Vallon, C., Leriche, M., Patryl, L., and Armand, P.: Modeling the partitioning of organic chemical species in cloud phases with CLEPS (1.1), Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 2225–2242, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-2225-2018, 2018.
Russell, L. M., Maria, S. F., and Myneni, S. C. B.: Mapping organic coatings
on atmospheric particles, Geophys. Res. Lett., 29, 21–24,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2002gl014874, 2002.
Saltzman, E. S., Savoie, D. L., Zika, R. G., and Prospero, J. M.: Methane
sulfonic acid in the marine atmosphere, J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans, 88,
10897–10902, https://doi.org/10.1029/JC088iC15p10897, 1983.
Sareen, N., Carlton, A. G., Surratt, J. D., Gold, A., Lee, B., Lopez-Hilfiker, F. D., Mohr, C., Thornton, J. A., Zhang, Z., Lim, Y. B., and Turpin, B. J.: Identifying precursors and aqueous organic aerosol formation pathways during the SOAS campaign, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 14409–14420, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-14409-2016, 2016.
Saxena, P., and Hildemann, L. M.: Water-soluble organics in atmospheric
particles: A critical review of the literature and application of
thermodynamics to identify candidate compounds, J. Atmos. Chem., 24, 57–109,
https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00053823, 1996.
Schlosser, J. S., Braun, R. A., Bradley, T., Dadashazar, H., MacDonald, A.
B., Aldhaif, A. A., Aghdam, M. A., Mardi, A. H., Xian, P., and Sorooshian,
A.: Analysis of aerosol composition data for western United States wildfires
between 2005 and 2015: Dust emissions, chloride depletion, and most enhanced
aerosol constituents, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 122, 8951–8966, 2017.
Seinfeld, J. H. and Pandis, S. N.: Atmospheric chemistry and physics, 3rd
ed., Wiley-Interscience, New York, 1152 pp., 2016.
Sempére, R. and Kawamura, K.: Comparative distributions of dicarboxylic
acids and related polar compounds in snow, rain and aerosols from urban
atmosphere, Atmos. Environ., 28, 449–459, https://doi.org/10.1016/1352-2310(94)90123-6, 1994.
Siffert, C. and Sulzberger, B.: Light-induced dissolution of hematite in
the presence of oxalate. A case study, Langmuir, 7, 1627–1634,
https://doi.org/10.1021/la00056a014, 1991.
Simoneit, B. R., Medeiros, P. M., and Didyk, B. M.: Combustion products of
plastics as indicators for refuse burning in the atmosphere, Environ. Sci. Technol., 39, 6961–6970, https://doi.org/10.1021/es050767x, 2005.
Simpas, J., Lorenzo, G., and Cruz, M.: Monitoring Particulate Matter Levels
and Composition for Source Apportionment Study in Metro Manila, Philippines,
in: Improving Air Quality in Asian Developing Countries: Compilation of
Research Findings, edited by: Kim Oanh, N. T., 239–261, 2014.
Singh, M., Jaques, P. A., and Sioutas, C.: Size distribution and diurnal
characteristics of particle-bound metals in source and receptor sites of the
Los Angeles Basin, Atmos. Environ., 36, 1675–1689,
https://doi.org/10.1016/s1352-2310(02)00166-8, 2002.
Song, J., Zhao, Y., Zhang, Y., Fu, P., Zheng, L., Yuan, Q., Wang, S., Huang,
X., Xu, W., Cao, Z., Gromov, S., and Lai, S.: Influence of biomass burning
on atmospheric aerosols over the western South China Sea: Insights from
ions, carbonaceous fractions and stable carbon isotope ratios, Environ.
Pollut., 242, 1800–1809, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2018.07.088, 2018.
Sorooshian, A., Varutbangkul, V., Brechtel, F. J., Ervens, B., Feingold, G.,
Bahreini, R., Murphy, S. M., Holloway, J. S., Atlas, E. L., Buzorius, G.,
Jonsson, H., Flagan, R. C., and Seinfeld, J. H.: Oxalic acid in clear and
cloudy atmospheres: Analysis of data from International Consortium for
Atmospheric Research on Transport and Transformation 2004, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 111, D23S45, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005jd006880, 2006.
Sorooshian, A., Lu, M. L., Brechtel, F. J., Jonsson, H., Feingold, G.,
Flagan, R. C., and Seinfeld, J. H.: On the source of organic acid aerosol
layers above clouds, Environ. Sci. Technol., 41, 4647–4654, https://doi.org/10.1021/es0630442,
2007a.
Sorooshian, A., Ng, N. L., Chan, A. W. H., Feingold, G., Flagan, R. C., and
Seinfeld, J. H.: Particulate organic acids and overall water-soluble aerosol
composition measurements from the 2006 Gulf of Mexico Atmospheric
Composition and Climate Study (GoMACCS), J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 112, D13201,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2007jd008537, 2007b.
Sorooshian, A., Hersey, S., Brechtel, F. J., Corless, A., Flagan, R. C., and
Seinfeld, J. H.: Rapid, Size-Resolved Aerosol Hygroscopic Growth
Measurements: Differential Aerosol Sizing and Hygroscopicity Spectrometer
Probe (DASH-SP), Aerosol Sci. Tech., 42, 445–464, https://doi.org/10.1080/02786820802178506,
2008.
Sorooshian, A., Padró, L. T., Nenes, A., Feingold, G., McComiskey, A.,
Hersey, S. P., Gates, H., Jonsson, H. H., Miller, S. D., Stephens, G. L.,
Flagan, R. C., and Seinfeld, J. H.: On the link between ocean biota
emissions, aerosol, and maritime clouds: Airborne, ground, and satellite
measurements off the coast of California, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 23, GB4007,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2009gb003464, 2009.
Sorooshian, A., Murphy, S. M., Hersey, S., Bahreini, R., Jonsson, H.,
Flagan, R. C., and Seinfeld, J. H.: Constraining the contribution of organic
acids and AMSm/z44 to the organic aerosol budget: On the importance of
meteorology, aerosol hygroscopicity, and region, Geophys. Res. Lett., 37, L21807,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2010gl044951, 2010.
Sorooshian, A., Wonaschutz, A., Jarjour, E. G., Hashimoto, B. I., Schichtel,
B. A., and Betterton, E. A.: An aerosol climatology for a rapidly growing
arid region (southern Arizona): Major aerosol species and remotely sensed
aerosol properties, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 116, 16, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011JD016197,
2011.
Sorooshian, A., Wang, Z., Coggon, M. M., Jonsson, H. H., and Ervens, B.:
Observations of sharp oxalate reductions in stratocumulus clouds at variable
altitudes: organic acid and metal measurements during the 2011 E-PEACE
campaign, Environ. Sci. Technol., 47, 7747–7756, https://doi.org/10.1021/es4012383, 2013.
Sorooshian, A., Crosbie, E., Maudlin, L. C., Youn, J. S., Wang, Z.,
Shingler, T., Ortega, A. M., Hersey, S., and Woods, R. K.: Surface and
airborne measurements of organosulfur and methanesulfonate over the Western
United States and coastal areas, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 120, 8535–8548,
https://doi.org/10.1002/2015JD023822, 2015.
Stahl, C., Cruz, M. T., Banaga, P. A., Betito, G., Braun, R. A., Aghdam, M.
A., Cambaliza, M. O., Lorenzo, G. R., MacDonald, A. B., Pabroa, P. C., Yee,
J. R., Simpas, J. B., and Sorooshian, A.: An annual time series of weekly
size-resolved aerosol properties in the megacity of Metro Manila,
Philippines, Sci. Data, 7, 128, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-020-0466-y, 2020a.
Stahl, C., Cruz, M. T., Banaga, P. A., Betito, G., Braun, R. A., Aghdam, M.
A., Cambaliza, M. O., Lorenzo, G. R., MacDonald, A. B., Pabroa, P. C., Yee,
J. R., Simpas, J. B., and Sorooshian, A., An annual time series of weekly
size-resolved aerosol properties in the megacity of Metro Manila,
Philippines, figshare, https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.11861859, 2020b.
Stein, A. F., Draxler, R. R., Rolph, G. D., Stunder, B. J. B., Cohen, M. D.,
and Ngan, F.: NOAA's HYSPLIT Atmospheric Transport and Dispersion Modeling
System, B. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 96, 2059–2077, https://doi.org/10.1175/bams-d-14-00110.1, 2015.
Streets, D. G., Carmichael, G. R., and Arndt, R. L.: Sulfur dioxide
emissions and sulfur deposition from international shipping in Asian waters,
Atmos. Environ., 31, 1573–1582, https://doi.org/10.1016/s1352-2310(96)00204-x, 1997.
Streets, D. G., Guttikunda, S. K., and Carmichael, G. R.: The growing
contribution of sulfur emissions from ships in Asian waters, 1988–1995,
Atmos. Environ., 34, 4425–4439, https://doi.org/10.1016/s1352-2310(00)00175-8, 2000.
Sullivan, R. C. and Prather, K. A.: Investigations of the diurnal cycle and
mixing state of oxalic acid in individual particles in Asian aerosol
outflow, Environ. Sci. Technol., 41, 8062–8069, https://doi.org/10.1021/es071134g, 2007.
Takahashi, K., Nansai, K., Tohno, S., Nishizawa, M., Kurokawa, J.-i., and
Ohara, T.: Production-based emissions, consumption-based emissions and
consumption-based health impacts of PM2.5 carbonaceous aerosols in Asia,
Atmos. Environ., 97, 406–415, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2014.04.028, 2014.
Tang, M., Guo, L., Bai, Y., Huang, R.-J., Wu, Z., Wang, Z., Zhang, G., Ding,
X., Hu, M., and Wang, X.: Impacts of methanesulfonate on the cloud
condensation nucleation activity of sea salt aerosol, Atmos. Environ., 201,
13–17, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2018.12.034, 2019.
Tang, M. J., Whitehead, J., Davidson, N. M., Pope, F. D., Alfarra, M. R.,
McFiggans, G., and Kalberer, M.: Cloud condensation nucleation activities of
calcium carbonate and its atmospheric ageing products, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys.,
17, 32194–32203, https://doi.org/10.1039/c5cp03795f, 2015.
Thepnuan, D., Chantara, S., Lee, C. T., Lin, N. H., and Tsai, Y. I.:
Molecular markers for biomass burning associated with the characterization
of PM2.5 and component sources during dry season haze episodes in Upper
South East Asia, Sci. Total Environ., 658, 708–722,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.12.201, 2019.
Tsai, Y. I., Kuo, S.-C., Young, L.-H., Hsieh, L.-Y., and Chen, P.-T.:
Atmospheric dry plus wet deposition and wet-only deposition of dicarboxylic
acids and inorganic compounds in a coastal suburban environment, Atmos. Environ., 89, 696–706, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2014.03.013, 2014.
van Drooge, B. L. and Grimalt, J. O.: Particle size-resolved source apportionment of primary and secondary organic tracer compounds at urban and rural locations in Spain, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 7735–7752, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-7735-2015, 2015.
van Pinxteren, M., Fiedler, B., van Pinxteren, D., Iinuma, Y.,
Körtzinger, A., and Herrmann, H.: Chemical characterization of
sub-micrometer aerosol particles in the tropical Atlantic Ocean: marine and
biomass burning influences, J. Atmos. Chem., 72, 105–125,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10874-015-9307-3, 2015.
Vasconcellos, P. C., Souza, D. Z., Sanchez-Ccoyllo, O., Bustillos, J. O.,
Lee, H., Santos, F. C., Nascimento, K. H., Araujo, M. P., Saarnio, K.,
Teinila, K., and Hillamo, R.: Determination of anthropogenic and biogenic
compounds on atmospheric aerosol collected in urban, biomass burning and
forest areas in Sao Paulo, Brazil, Sci. Total Environ., 408, 5836–5844,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2010.08.012, 2010.
Wang, G., Xie, M., Hu, S., Gao, S., Tachibana, E., and Kawamura, K.: Dicarboxylic acids, metals and isotopic compositions of C and N in atmospheric aerosols from inland China: implications for dust and coal burning emission and secondary aerosol formation, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 6087–6096, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-6087-2010, 2010.
Wang, G., Chen, C., Li, J., Zhou, B., Xie, M., Hu, S., Kawamura, K., and
Chen, Y.: Molecular composition and size distribution of sugars,
sugar-alcohols and carboxylic acids in airborne particles during a severe
urban haze event caused by wheat straw burning, Atmos. Environ., 45,
2473–2479, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2011.02.045, 2011.
Wang, G., Kawamura, K., Cheng, C., Li, J., Cao, J., Zhang, R., Zhang, T.,
Liu, S., and Zhao, Z.: Molecular distribution and stable carbon isotopic
composition of dicarboxylic acids, ketocarboxylic acids, and
alpha-dicarbonyls in size-resolved atmospheric particles from Xi'an City,
China, Environ. Sci. Technol., 46, 4783–4791, https://doi.org/10.1021/es204322c, 2012.
Wang, G., Kawamura, K., Xie, M., Hu, S., Li, J., Zhou, B., Cao, J., and An,
Z.: Selected water-soluble organic compounds found in size-resolved aerosols
collected from urban, mountain and marine atmospheres over East Asia, Tellus
B, 63, 371–381, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0889.2011.00536.x, 2017.
Wang, J., Ge, C., Yang, Z., Hyer, E. J., Reid, J. S., Chew, B.-N., Mahmud,
M., Zhang, Y., and Zhang, M.: Mesoscale modeling of smoke transport over the
Southeast Asian Maritime Continent: Interplay of sea breeze, trade wind,
typhoon, and topography, Atmos. Res., 122, 486–503,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2012.05.009, 2013.
Wang, Y. Q., Zhang, X. Y., and Draxler, R. R.: TrajStat: GIS-based software
that uses various trajectory statistical analysis methods to identify
potential sources from long-term air pollution measurement data, Environ.
Modell Softw., 24, 938-939, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2009.01.004, 2009.
Warneck, P.: Multi-Phase Chemistry of C2 and C3 Organic Compounds in the
Marine Atmosphere, J. Atmos. Chem., 51, 119–159, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10874-005-5984-7,
2005.
Wasson, S. J., Linak, W. P., Gullett, B. K., King, C. J., Touati, A.,
Huggins, F. E., Chen, Y., Shah, N., and Huffman, G. P.: Emissions of
chromium, copper, arsenic, and PCDDs/Fs from open burning of CCA-treated
wood, Environ. Sci. Technol., 39, 8865–8876, https://doi.org/10.1021/es050891g, 2005.
Wonaschuetz, A., Sorooshian, A., Ervens, B., Chuang, P. Y., Feingold, G.,
Murphy, S. M., de Gouw, J., Warneke, C., and Jonsson, H. H.: Aerosol and gas
re-distribution by shallow cumulus clouds: An investigation using airborne
measurements, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 117, D17202, https://doi.org/10.1029/2012jd018089, 2012.
Wonaschütz, A., Hersey, S. P., Sorooshian, A., Craven, J. S., Metcalf, A. R., Flagan, R. C., and Seinfeld, J. H.: Impact of a large wildfire on water-soluble organic aerosol in a major urban area: the 2009 Station Fire in Los Angeles County, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 8257–8270, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-8257-2011, 2011.
Xian, P., Reid, J. S., Atwood, S. A., Johnson, R. S., Hyer, E. J., Westphal,
D. L., and Sessions, W.: Smoke aerosol transport patterns over the Maritime
Continent, Atmos. Res., 122, 469–485, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2012.05.006, 2013.
Xu, J., Tian, Y., Cheng, C., Wang, C., Lin, Q., Li, M., Wang, X., and Shi,
G.: Characteristics and source apportionment of ambient single particles in
Tianjin, China: The close association between oxalic acid and biomass
burning, Atmos. Res., 237, 104843, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2020.104843, 2020.
Xue, H., Khalizov, A. F., Wang, L., Zheng, J., and Zhang, R.: Effects of
dicarboxylic acid coating on the optical properties of soot, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 11, 7869–7875, https://doi.org/10.1039/b904129j, 2009.
Yamasoe, M. A., Artaxo, P., Miguel, A. H., and Allen, A. G.: Chemical
composition of aerosol particles from direct emissions of vegetation fires
in the Amazon Basin: water-soluble species and trace elements, Atmos. Environ., 34, 1641–1653, https://doi.org/10.1016/s1352-2310(99)00329-5, 2000.
Yang, H., Yu, J. Z., Ho, S. S. H., Xu, J., Wu, W.-S., Wan, C. H., Wang, X.,
Wang, X., and Wang, L.: The chemical composition of inorganic and
carbonaceous materials in PM2.5 in Nanjing, China, Atmos. Environ., 39,
3735–3749, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2005.03.010, 2005.
Yao, X., Fang, M., and Chan, C. K.: Size distributions and formation of
dicarboxylic acids in atmospheric particles, Atmos. Environ., 36, 2099–2107,
https://doi.org/10.1016/s1352-2310(02)00230-3, 2002.
Yao, X., Lau, A. P. S., Fang, M., Chan, C. K., and Hu, M.: Size
distributions and formation of ionic species in atmospheric particulate
pollutants in Beijing, China: 2 – dicarboxylic acids, Atmos. Environ., 37,
3001–3007, https://doi.org/10.1016/s1352-2310(03)00256-5, 2003.
Yu, J. Z., Huang, X.-F., Xu, J., and Hu, M.: When Aerosol Sulfate Goes Up,
So Does Oxalate: Implication for the Formation Mechanisms of Oxalate,
Environ. Sci. Technol., 39, 128–133, https://doi.org/10.1021/es049559f, 2005.
Yuan, H., Wang, Y., and Zhuang, G.: MSA in Beijing aerosol, Chinese Sci.
Bull., 49, 1020–1025, https://doi.org/10.1007/bf03184031, 2004.
Zeng, G., Kelley, J., Kish, J. D., and Liu, Y.: Temperature-dependent
deliquescent and efflorescent properties of methanesulfonate sodium studied
by ATR-FTIR spectroscopy, J. Phys. Chem. A, 118, 583–591, https://doi.org/10.1021/jp405896y,
2014.
Ziemba, L. D., Griffin, R. J., Whitlow, S., and Talbot, R. W.:
Characterization of water-soluble organic aerosol in coastal New England:
Implications of variations in size distribution, Atmos. Environ., 45,
7319–7329, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2011.08.022, 2011.
Zuo, Y.: Kinetics of photochemical/chemical cycling of iron coupled with
organic substances in cloud and fog droplets, Geochim. Cosmochim. Ac., 59,
3123–3130, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(95)00201-A, 1995.
Short summary
Long-term (16-month) high-frequency (weekly) measurements of size-resolved aerosol composition are reported. Important insights are discussed about factors (e.g., transport, fires, precipitation, photo-oxidation) impacting the mass size distributions of organic and sulfonic acids at a coastal megacity with diverse meteorology. The size-resolved nature of the data yielded one such finding that organic acids preferentially adsorb to dust rather than sea salt particles.
Long-term (16-month) high-frequency (weekly) measurements of size-resolved aerosol composition...
Altmetrics
Final-revised paper
Preprint