Articles | Volume 25, issue 11
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-5591-2025
© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-5591-2025
© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
05 Jun 2025
Research article |
| 05 Jun 2025
| 05 Jun 2025
Source contribution to ozone pollution during June 2021 fire events in Arizona: insights from WRF-Chem-tagged O3 and CO
Yafang Guo
Department of Hydrology and Atmospheric Sciences, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
Sonoma Technology, 1450 N. McDowell Blvd., Suite 200, Petaluma, CA, USA
Mohammad Amin Mirrezaei
Department of Hydrology and Atmospheric Sciences, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
Armin Sorooshian
Department of Hydrology and Atmospheric Sciences, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
Avelino F. Arellano
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Department of Hydrology and Atmospheric Sciences, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
Related authors
No articles found.
Emily Lenhardt, Lan Gao, Chris A. Hostetler, Richard A. Ferrare, Sharon P. Burton, Richard H. Moore, Luke D. Ziemba, Ewan Crosbie, Armin Sorooshian, Cassidy Soloff, and Jens Redemann
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 13747–13768, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-13747-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-13747-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Small particles that form cloud droplets greatly impact Earth's climate but are very difficult to measure. If we can measure them using satellite-based instruments, we greatly increase the amount of available data on their concentrations. In this study, we find that including information about particle size is most important to measure them accurately from such satellite-based instruments. This can inform future studies on how to obtain more accurate information about small particles.
Jianhao Zhang, David Painemal, Tom Dror, Jung-Sub Lim, Armin Sorooshian, and Graham Feingold
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-5119, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-5119, 2025
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (ACP).
Short summary
Short summary
Clouds over the ocean can change quickly from overcast to broken fields, affecting how much sunlight reaches the Earth's surface. We studied these transitions during cold-air outbreaks using satellite images and a new method that tracks cloud evolution through time and space. We found that ice-related processes play a key role in shaping these transitions, highlighting the power of space-borne observations in revealing physical insights.
Chayan Roychoudhury, Rajesh Kumar, Cenlin He, William Y. Y. Cheng, Kirpa Ram, Naoki Mizukami, and Avelino F. Arellano
Earth Syst. Sci. Data Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2025-275, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2025-275, 2025
Preprint under review for ESSD
Short summary
Short summary
We present a 17-year, 12 km regional dataset for Asia that uniquely captures aerosol–weather–snow interactions. By assimilating satellite data into a chemistry–climate model, it provides hourly to three-hourly fields of meteorology, air quality, and snow-related variables. Evaluations show good agreement with observations, and source attribution of black carbon is also provided to quantify pollution pathways to Asia’s glaciers, major freshwater source for over a billion people.
Soodabeh Namdari, Sanja Dmitrovic, Gao Chen, Yonghoon Choi, Ewan Crosbie, Joshua P. DiGangi, Glenn S. Diskin, Richard A. Ferrare, Johnathan W. Hair, Simon Kirschler, John B. Nowak, Kenneth L. Thornhill, Christiane Voigt, Holger Vömel, Xubin Zeng, and Armin Sorooshian
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 18, 4325–4345, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-18-4325-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-18-4325-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
We conducted this study to assess the accuracy of airborne measurements of wind, temperature, and humidity, essential for understanding atmospheric processes. Using data from NASA's ACTIVATE campaign, we compared measurements from the Turbulent Air Motion Measurement System (TAMMS) and diode laser hygrometer (DLH) aboard a Falcon aircraft with dropsondes from a King Air, matching data points based on location and time using statistical methods. The study showed strong agreement, confirming the reliability of these methods for advancing climate models.
Jingyi Chen, Hailong Wang, Bo Zhang, Hongyu Liu, David Painemal, Armin Sorooshian, Sheng-Lun Tai, and Christiane Voigt
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.22541/essoar.175376670.02806644/v1, https://doi.org/10.22541/essoar.175376670.02806644/v1, 2025
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (ACP).
Short summary
Short summary
NASA-validated modeling shows +4K SST & +25 % gradients distinctly alter boundary layer dynamics, cloud physics in cold-air outbreaks. Warmer SST reduces cloud cover; increases size, elongation; hydrometeors shift to ice. Sharper Gradients boost liquid water (cold upwind); reduces ice; disrupts organization. Also, SST changes alter cloud-top properties via entrained airmass origin. Resolving ocean-atmosphere coupling in global models is essential for accurate cloud feedback projections.
Jeffrey S. Reid, Robert E. Holz, Chris A. Hostetler, Richard A. Ferrare, Juli I. Rubin, Elizabeth J. Thompson, Susan C. van den Heever, Corey G. Amiot, Sharon P. Burton, Joshua P. DiGangi, Glenn S. Diskin, Joshua H. Cossuth, Daniel P. Eleuterio, Edwin W. Eloranta, Ralph Kuehn, Willem J. Marais, Hal B. Maring, Armin Sorooshian, Kenneth L. Thornhill, Charles R. Trepte, Jian Wang, Peng Xian, and Luke D. Ziemba
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-2605, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-2605, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
We document air and ship born measurements of the vertical distribution of pollution and biomass burning aerosol particles transported within the Maritime Continent’s monsoonal flows for 1000’s of kilometers, and yet still exhibit intricate patterns around clouds near the ocean’s surface. Findings demonstrate that, while aerosol transport occurs near the surface, there is heterogeneity in particle extinction that must be considered for both in situ observations and satellite retrievals.
Chayan Roychoudhury, Cenlin He, Rajesh Kumar, and Avelino F. Arellano Jr.
Earth Syst. Dynam., 16, 1237–1266, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-16-1237-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-16-1237-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
We present a novel data-driven approach to understand how pollution and weather processes interact to influence snowmelt in Asian glaciers and how these interactions are represented in three climate models. Our findings show where models need improvement in predicting snowmelt, particularly dust and its transport. This method can support future model development for reliable predictions in climate-vulnerable regions.
Ewan Crosbie, Johnathan W. Hair, Amin R. Nehrir, Richard A. Ferrare, Chris Hostetler, Taylor Shingler, David Harper, Marta Fenn, James Collins, Rory Barton-Grimley, Brian Collister, K. Lee Thornhill, Christiane Voigt, Simon Kirschler, and Armin Sorooshian
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 18, 2639–2658, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-18-2639-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-18-2639-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
A method was developed to extract information from airborne lidar observations about the distribution of ice and liquid water within clouds. The method specifically targets signatures of horizontal and vertical gradients in ice and water that appear in the polarization of the lidar signals. The method was tested against direct measurements of the cloud properties collected by a second aircraft.
Genevieve Rose Lorenzo, Luke D. Ziemba, Avelino F. Arellano, Mary C. Barth, Ewan C. Crosbie, Joshua P. DiGangi, Glenn S. Diskin, Richard Ferrare, Miguel Ricardo A. Hilario, Michael A. Shook, Simone Tilmes, Jian Wang, Qian Xiao, Jun Zhang, and Armin Sorooshian
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 5469–5495, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-5469-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-5469-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Novel aerosol hygroscopicity analyses of CAMP2Ex (Cloud, Aerosol, and Monsoon Processes Philippines Experiment) field campaign data show low aerosol hygroscopicity values in Southeast Asia. Organic carbon from smoke decreases hygroscopicity to levels more like those in continental than in polluted marine regions. Hygroscopicity changes at cloud level demonstrate how surface particles impact clouds in the region, affecting model representation of aerosol and cloud interactions in similar polluted marine regions with high organic carbon emissions.
Florian Tornow, Ann Fridlind, George Tselioudis, Brian Cairns, Andrew Ackerman, Seethala Chellappan, David Painemal, Paquita Zuidema, Christiane Voigt, Simon Kirschler, and Armin Sorooshian
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 5053–5074, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-5053-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-5053-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
The recent NASA campaign ACTIVATE (Aerosol Cloud meTeorology Interactions oVer the western ATlantic Experiment) performed 71 tandem flights in mid-latitude marine cold-air outbreaks off the US eastern seaboard. We provide meteorological and cloud transition stage context, allowing us to identify days that are most suitable for Lagrangian modeling and analysis. Surveyed cloud properties show signatures of cloud microphysical processes, such as cloud-top entrainment and secondary ice formation.
Joshua P. DiGangi, Glenn S. Diskin, Subin Yoon, Sergio L. Alvarez, James H. Flynn, Claire E. Robinson, Michael A. Shook, K. Lee Thornhill, Edward L. Winstead, Luke D. Ziemba, Maria Obiminda L. Cambaliza, James B. Simpas, Miguel Ricardo A. Hilario, and Armin Sorooshian
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-1454, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-1454, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Both fire and urban emissions are major contributors to air pollution in Southeast Asia. Relative increases in measurements of methane and carbon monoxide gases during an aircraft campaign near the Philippines in 2019 were used to isolate pollution emissions from fires vs urban sources. Results were compared to atmospheric transport models to determine the sources' regional origins, and relationships between pollution indicators relevant to poor air quality were investigated for each source.
Kira Zeider, Kayla McCauley, Sanja Dmitrovic, Leong Wai Siu, Yonghoon Choi, Ewan C. Crosbie, Joshua P. DiGangi, Glenn S. Diskin, Simon Kirschler, John B. Nowak, Michael A. Shook, Kenneth L. Thornhill, Christiane Voigt, Edward L. Winstead, Luke D. Ziemba, Paquita Zuidema, and Armin Sorooshian
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 2407–2422, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-2407-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-2407-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
In situ aircraft data collected over the northwest Atlantic Ocean are utilized to compare aerosol conditions and turbulence between near-surface and below-cloud-base altitudes for different regimes of coupling strength between those two levels, along with how cloud microphysical properties vary across those regimes. Stronger coupling yields more homogenous aerosol structure vertically along with higher cloud drop concentrations and sea salt influence in clouds.
Hongyu Liu, Bo Zhang, Richard H. Moore, Luke D. Ziemba, Richard A. Ferrare, Hyundeok Choi, Armin Sorooshian, David Painemal, Hailong Wang, Michael A. Shook, Amy Jo Scarino, Johnathan W. Hair, Ewan C. Crosbie, Marta A. Fenn, Taylor J. Shingler, Chris A. Hostetler, Gao Chen, Mary M. Kleb, Gan Luo, Fangqun Yu, Mark A. Vaughan, Yongxiang Hu, Glenn S. Diskin, John B. Nowak, Joshua P. DiGangi, Yonghoon Choi, Christoph A. Keller, and Matthew S. Johnson
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 2087–2121, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-2087-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-2087-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
We use the GEOS-Chem model to simulate aerosol distributions and properties over the western North Atlantic Ocean (WNAO) during the winter and summer deployments in 2020 of the NASA ACTIVATE mission. Model results are evaluated against aircraft, ground-based, and satellite observations. The improved understanding of life cycle, composition, transport pathways, and distribution of aerosols has important implications for characterizing aerosol–cloud–meteorology interactions over WNAO.
John Motley McKinnon, Chayan Roychoudhury, and Avelino Florentino Arellano Jr.
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3440, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3440, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
We explore the use of a statistical method called EOF analysis to analyze complex data, focusing on its strengths and limitations. While this method is widely used in climate research, its use in atmospheric chemistry is relatively new. We found that while EOF analysis can be powerful, it may not always be suitable for datasets that do not follow specific statistical assumptions. Our research provides recommendations to improve how we use this technique in analyzing atmospheric chemistry data.
Sanja Dmitrovic, Joseph S. Schlosser, Ryan Bennett, Brian Cairns, Gao Chen, Glenn S. Diskin, Richard A. Ferrare, Johnathan W. Hair, Michael A. Jones, Jeffrey S. Reid, Taylor J. Shingler, Michael A. Shook, Armin Sorooshian, Kenneth L. Thornhill, Luke D. Ziemba, and Snorre Stamnes
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3088, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3088, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study focuses on aerosol particles, which critically influence the atmosphere by scattering and absorbing light. To understand these interactions, airborne field campaigns deploy instruments that can measure these particles’ directly or indirectly via remote sensing. We introduce the In Situ Aerosol Retrieval Algorithm (ISARA) to ensure consistency between aerosol measurements and show that the two data sets generally align, with some deviation caused by the presence of larger particles.
Kavitha Mottungan, Chayan Roychoudhury, Vanessa Brocchi, Benjamin Gaubert, Wenfu Tang, Mohammad Amin Mirrezaei, John McKinnon, Yafang Guo, David W. T. Griffith, Dietrich G. Feist, Isamu Morino, Mahesh K. Sha, Manvendra K. Dubey, Martine De Mazière, Nicholas M. Deutscher, Paul O. Wennberg, Ralf Sussmann, Rigel Kivi, Tae-Young Goo, Voltaire A. Velazco, Wei Wang, and Avelino F. Arellano Jr.
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 17, 5861–5885, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-5861-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-5861-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
A combination of data analysis techniques is introduced to separate local and regional influences on observed levels of carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, and methane from an established ground-based remote sensing network. We take advantage of the covariations in these trace gases to identify the dominant type of sources driving these levels. Applying these methods in conjunction with existing approaches to other datasets can better address uncertainties in identifying sources and sinks.
Cassidy Soloff, Taiwo Ajayi, Yonghoon Choi, Ewan C. Crosbie, Joshua P. DiGangi, Glenn S. Diskin, Marta A. Fenn, Richard A. Ferrare, Francesca Gallo, Johnathan W. Hair, Miguel Ricardo A. Hilario, Simon Kirschler, Richard H. Moore, Taylor J. Shingler, Michael A. Shook, Kenneth L. Thornhill, Christiane Voigt, Edward L. Winstead, Luke D. Ziemba, and Armin Sorooshian
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 10385–10408, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-10385-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-10385-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Using aircraft measurements over the northwestern Atlantic between the US East Coast and Bermuda and trajectory modeling of continental outflow, we identify trace gas and particle properties that exhibit gradients with offshore distance and quantify these changes with high-resolution measurements of concentrations and particle chemistry, size, and scattering properties. This work furthers our understanding of the complex interactions between continental and marine environments.
Shuaiqi Tang, Hailong Wang, Xiang-Yu Li, Jingyi Chen, Armin Sorooshian, Xubin Zeng, Ewan Crosbie, Kenneth L. Thornhill, Luke D. Ziemba, and Christiane Voigt
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 10073–10092, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-10073-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-10073-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We examined marine boundary layer clouds and their interactions with aerosols in the E3SM single-column model (SCM) for a case study. The SCM shows good agreement when simulating the clouds with high-resolution models. It reproduces the relationship between cloud droplet and aerosol particle number concentrations as produced in global models. However, the relationship between cloud liquid water and droplet number concentration is different, warranting further investigation.
Taiwo Ajayi, Yonghoon Choi, Ewan C. Crosbie, Joshua P. DiGangi, Glenn S. Diskin, Marta A. Fenn, Richard A. Ferrare, Johnathan W. Hair, Miguel Ricardo A. Hilario, Chris A. Hostetler, Simon Kirschler, Richard H. Moore, Taylor J. Shingler, Michael A. Shook, Cassidy Soloff, Kenneth L. Thornhill, Christiane Voigt, Edward L. Winstead, Luke D. Ziemba, and Armin Sorooshian
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 9197–9218, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-9197-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-9197-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study uses airborne data to examine vertical profiles of trace gases, aerosol particles, and meteorological variables over a remote marine area (Bermuda). Results show distinct differences based on both air mass source region (North America, Ocean, Caribbean/North Africa) and altitude for a given air mass type. This work highlights the sensitivity of remote marine areas to long-range transport and the importance of considering the vertical dependence of trace gas and aerosol properties.
Kira Zeider, Grace Betito, Anthony Bucholtz, Peng Xian, Annette Walker, and Armin Sorooshian
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 9059–9083, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-9059-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-9059-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The predominant wind direction along the California coast (northerly) reverses several times during the summer (to southerly). The effects of these wind reversals on aerosol and cloud characteristics are not well understood. Using data from multiple datasets we found that southerly flow periods had enhanced signatures of anthropogenic emissions due to shipping and continental sources, and clouds had more but smaller droplets.
Sanja Dmitrovic, Johnathan W. Hair, Brian L. Collister, Ewan Crosbie, Marta A. Fenn, Richard A. Ferrare, David B. Harper, Chris A. Hostetler, Yongxiang Hu, John A. Reagan, Claire E. Robinson, Shane T. Seaman, Taylor J. Shingler, Kenneth L. Thornhill, Holger Vömel, Xubin Zeng, and Armin Sorooshian
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 17, 3515–3532, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-3515-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-3515-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study introduces and evaluates a new ocean surface wind speed product from the NASA Langley Research Center (LARC) airborne High-Spectral-Resolution Lidar – Generation 2 (HSRL-2) during the NASA ACTIVATE mission. We show that HSRL-2 surface wind speed data are accurate when compared to ground-truth dropsonde measurements. Therefore, the HSRL-2 instrument is able obtain accurate, high-resolution surface wind speed data in airborne field campaigns.
Ewan Crosbie, Luke D. Ziemba, Michael A. Shook, Taylor Shingler, Johnathan W. Hair, Armin Sorooshian, Richard A. Ferrare, Brian Cairns, Yonghoon Choi, Joshua DiGangi, Glenn S. Diskin, Chris Hostetler, Simon Kirschler, Richard H. Moore, David Painemal, Claire Robinson, Shane T. Seaman, K. Lee Thornhill, Christiane Voigt, and Edward Winstead
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 6123–6152, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-6123-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-6123-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Marine clouds are found to clump together in regions or lines, readily discernible from satellite images of the ocean. While clustering is also a feature of deep storm clouds, we focus on smaller cloud systems associated with fair weather and brief localized showers. Two aircraft sampled the region around these shallow systems: one incorporated measurements taken within, adjacent to, and below the clouds, while the other provided a survey from above using remote sensing techniques.
Yafang Guo, Chayan Roychoudhury, Mohammad Amin Mirrezaei, Rajesh Kumar, Armin Sorooshian, and Avelino F. Arellano
Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 4331–4353, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-4331-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-4331-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This research focuses on surface ozone (O3) pollution in Arizona, a historically air-quality-challenged arid and semi-arid region in the US. The unique characteristics of this kind of region, e.g., intense heat, minimal moisture, and persistent desert shrubs, play a vital role in comprehending O3 exceedances. Using the WRF-Chem model, we analyzed O3 levels in the pre-monsoon month, revealing the model's skill in capturing diurnal and MDA8 O3 levels.
Leong Wai Siu, Joseph S. Schlosser, David Painemal, Brian Cairns, Marta A. Fenn, Richard A. Ferrare, Johnathan W. Hair, Chris A. Hostetler, Longlei Li, Mary M. Kleb, Amy Jo Scarino, Taylor J. Shingler, Armin Sorooshian, Snorre A. Stamnes, and Xubin Zeng
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 17, 2739–2759, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-2739-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-2739-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
An unprecedented 3-year aerosol dataset was collected from a recent NASA field campaign over the western North Atlantic Ocean, which offers a special opportunity to evaluate two state-of-the-art remote sensing instruments, one lidar and the other polarimeter, on the same aircraft. Special attention has been paid to validate aerosol optical depth data and their uncertainties when no reference dataset is available. Physical reasons for the disagreement between two instruments are discussed.
Wenfu Tang, Benjamin Gaubert, Louisa Emmons, Daniel Ziskin, Debbie Mao, David Edwards, Avelino Arellano, Kevin Raeder, Jeffrey Anderson, and Helen Worden
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 17, 1941–1963, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-1941-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-1941-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We assimilate different MOPITT CO products to understand the impact of (1) assimilating multispectral and joint retrievals versus single spectral products, (2) assimilating satellite profile products versus column products, and (3) assimilating multispectral and joint retrievals versus assimilating individual products separately.
Eva-Lou Edwards, Yonghoon Choi, Ewan C. Crosbie, Joshua P. DiGangi, Glenn S. Diskin, Claire E. Robinson, Michael A. Shook, Edward L. Winstead, Luke D. Ziemba, and Armin Sorooshian
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 3349–3378, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-3349-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-3349-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We investigate Cl− depletion in sea salt particles over the northwest Atlantic from December 2021 to June 2022 using an airborne dataset. Losses of Cl− are greatest in May and least in December–February and March. Inorganic acidic species can account for all depletion observed for December–February, March, and June near Bermuda but none in May. Quantifying Cl− depletion as a percentage captures seasonal trends in depletion but fails to convey the effects it may have on atmospheric oxidation.
Miguel Ricardo A. Hilario, Avelino F. Arellano, Ali Behrangi, Ewan C. Crosbie, Joshua P. DiGangi, Glenn S. Diskin, Michael A. Shook, Luke D. Ziemba, and Armin Sorooshian
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 17, 37–55, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-37-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-37-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Wet scavenging strongly influences aerosol lifetime and interactions but is a large uncertainty in global models. We present a method to identify meteorological variables relevant for estimating wet scavenging. During long-range transport over the tropical western Pacific, relative humidity and the frequency of humid conditions are better predictors of scavenging than precipitation. This method can be applied to other regions, and our findings can inform scavenging parameterizations in models.
Simon Kirschler, Christiane Voigt, Bruce E. Anderson, Gao Chen, Ewan C. Crosbie, Richard A. Ferrare, Valerian Hahn, Johnathan W. Hair, Stefan Kaufmann, Richard H. Moore, David Painemal, Claire E. Robinson, Kevin J. Sanchez, Amy J. Scarino, Taylor J. Shingler, Michael A. Shook, Kenneth L. Thornhill, Edward L. Winstead, Luke D. Ziemba, and Armin Sorooshian
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 10731–10750, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-10731-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-10731-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
In this study we present an overview of liquid and mixed-phase clouds and precipitation in the marine boundary layer over the western North Atlantic Ocean. We compare microphysical properties of pure liquid clouds to mixed-phase clouds and show that the initiation of the ice phase in mixed-phase clouds promotes precipitation. The observational data presented in this study are well suited for investigating the processes that give rise to liquid and mixed-phase clouds, ice, and precipitation.
Genevieve Rose Lorenzo, Avelino F. Arellano, Maria Obiminda Cambaliza, Christopher Castro, Melliza Templonuevo Cruz, Larry Di Girolamo, Glenn Franco Gacal, Miguel Ricardo A. Hilario, Nofel Lagrosas, Hans Jarett Ong, James Bernard Simpas, Sherdon Niño Uy, and Armin Sorooshian
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 10579–10608, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-10579-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-10579-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Aerosol and weather interactions in Southeast Asia are complex and understudied. An emerging aerosol climatology was established in Metro Manila, the Philippines, from aerosol particle physicochemical properties and meteorology, revealing five sources. Even with local traffic, transported smoke from biomass burning, aged dust, and cloud processing, background marine particles dominate and correspond to lower aerosol optical depth in Metro Manila compared to other Southeast Asian megacities.
Qian Xiao, Jiaoshi Zhang, Yang Wang, Luke D. Ziemba, Ewan Crosbie, Edward L. Winstead, Claire E. Robinson, Joshua P. DiGangi, Glenn S. Diskin, Jeffrey S. Reid, K. Sebastian Schmidt, Armin Sorooshian, Miguel Ricardo A. Hilario, Sarah Woods, Paul Lawson, Snorre A. Stamnes, and Jian Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 9853–9871, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-9853-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-9853-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Using recent airborne measurements, we show that the influences of anthropogenic emissions, transport, convective clouds, and meteorology lead to new particle formation (NPF) under a variety of conditions and at different altitudes in tropical marine environments. NPF is enhanced by fresh urban emissions in convective outflow but is suppressed in air masses influenced by aged urban emissions where reactive precursors are mostly consumed while particle surface area remains relatively high.
Armin Sorooshian, Mikhail D. Alexandrov, Adam D. Bell, Ryan Bennett, Grace Betito, Sharon P. Burton, Megan E. Buzanowicz, Brian Cairns, Eduard V. Chemyakin, Gao Chen, Yonghoon Choi, Brian L. Collister, Anthony L. Cook, Andrea F. Corral, Ewan C. Crosbie, Bastiaan van Diedenhoven, Joshua P. DiGangi, Glenn S. Diskin, Sanja Dmitrovic, Eva-Lou Edwards, Marta A. Fenn, Richard A. Ferrare, David van Gilst, Johnathan W. Hair, David B. Harper, Miguel Ricardo A. Hilario, Chris A. Hostetler, Nathan Jester, Michael Jones, Simon Kirschler, Mary M. Kleb, John M. Kusterer, Sean Leavor, Joseph W. Lee, Hongyu Liu, Kayla McCauley, Richard H. Moore, Joseph Nied, Anthony Notari, John B. Nowak, David Painemal, Kasey E. Phillips, Claire E. Robinson, Amy Jo Scarino, Joseph S. Schlosser, Shane T. Seaman, Chellappan Seethala, Taylor J. Shingler, Michael A. Shook, Kenneth A. Sinclair, William L. Smith Jr., Douglas A. Spangenberg, Snorre A. Stamnes, Kenneth L. Thornhill, Christiane Voigt, Holger Vömel, Andrzej P. Wasilewski, Hailong Wang, Edward L. Winstead, Kira Zeider, Xubin Zeng, Bo Zhang, Luke D. Ziemba, and Paquita Zuidema
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 3419–3472, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-3419-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-3419-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The NASA Aerosol Cloud meTeorology Interactions oVer the western ATlantic Experiment (ACTIVATE) produced a unique dataset for research into aerosol–cloud–meteorology interactions. HU-25 Falcon and King Air aircraft conducted systematic and spatially coordinated flights over the northwest Atlantic Ocean. This paper describes the ACTIVATE flight strategy, instrument and complementary dataset products, data access and usage details, and data application notes.
Edward Gryspeerdt, Adam C. Povey, Roy G. Grainger, Otto Hasekamp, N. Christina Hsu, Jane P. Mulcahy, Andrew M. Sayer, and Armin Sorooshian
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 4115–4122, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-4115-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-4115-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The impact of aerosols on clouds is one of the largest uncertainties in the human forcing of the climate. Aerosol can increase the concentrations of droplets in clouds, but observational and model studies produce widely varying estimates of this effect. We show that these estimates can be reconciled if only polluted clouds are studied, but this is insufficient to constrain the climate impact of aerosol. The uncertainty in aerosol impact on clouds is currently driven by cases with little aerosol.
Hossein Dadashazar, Andrea F. Corral, Ewan Crosbie, Sanja Dmitrovic, Simon Kirschler, Kayla McCauley, Richard Moore, Claire Robinson, Joseph S. Schlosser, Michael Shook, K. Lee Thornhill, Christiane Voigt, Edward Winstead, Luke Ziemba, and Armin Sorooshian
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 13897–13913, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-13897-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-13897-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Multi-season airborne data over the northwestern Atlantic show that organic mass fraction and the relative amount of oxygenated organics within that fraction are enhanced in droplet residual particles as compared to particles below and above cloud. In-cloud aqueous processing is shown to be a potential driver of this compositional shift in cloud. This implies that aerosol–cloud interactions in the region reduce aerosol hygroscopicity due to the jump in the organic : sulfate ratio in cloud.
Ewan Crosbie, Luke D. Ziemba, Michael A. Shook, Claire E. Robinson, Edward L. Winstead, K. Lee Thornhill, Rachel A. Braun, Alexander B. MacDonald, Connor Stahl, Armin Sorooshian, Susan C. van den Heever, Joshua P. DiGangi, Glenn S. Diskin, Sarah Woods, Paola Bañaga, Matthew D. Brown, Francesca Gallo, Miguel Ricardo A. Hilario, Carolyn E. Jordan, Gabrielle R. Leung, Richard H. Moore, Kevin J. Sanchez, Taylor J. Shingler, and Elizabeth B. Wiggins
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 13269–13302, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-13269-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-13269-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The linkage between cloud droplet and aerosol particle chemical composition was analyzed using samples collected in a polluted tropical marine environment. Variations in the droplet composition were related to physical and dynamical processes in clouds to assess their relative significance across three cases that spanned a range of rainfall amounts. In spite of the pollution, sea salt still remained a major contributor to the droplet composition and was preferentially enhanced in rainwater.
Eva-Lou Edwards, Jeffrey S. Reid, Peng Xian, Sharon P. Burton, Anthony L. Cook, Ewan C. Crosbie, Marta A. Fenn, Richard A. Ferrare, Sean W. Freeman, John W. Hair, David B. Harper, Chris A. Hostetler, Claire E. Robinson, Amy Jo Scarino, Michael A. Shook, G. Alexander Sokolowsky, Susan C. van den Heever, Edward L. Winstead, Sarah Woods, Luke D. Ziemba, and Armin Sorooshian
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 12961–12983, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-12961-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-12961-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This study compares NAAPS-RA model simulations of aerosol optical thickness (AOT) and extinction to those retrieved with a high spectral resolution lidar near the Philippines. Agreement for AOT was good, and extinction agreement was strongest below 1500 m. Substituting dropsonde relative humidities into NAAPS-RA did not drastically improve agreement, and we discuss potential reasons why. Accurately modeling future conditions in this region is crucial due to its susceptibility to climate change.
Edward Gryspeerdt, Daniel T. McCoy, Ewan Crosbie, Richard H. Moore, Graeme J. Nott, David Painemal, Jennifer Small-Griswold, Armin Sorooshian, and Luke Ziemba
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 15, 3875–3892, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-3875-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-3875-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Droplet number concentration is a key property of clouds, influencing a variety of cloud processes. It is also used for estimating the cloud response to aerosols. The satellite retrieval depends on a number of assumptions – different sampling strategies are used to select cases where these assumptions are most likely to hold. Here we investigate the impact of these strategies on the agreement with in situ data, the droplet number climatology and estimates of the indirect radiative forcing.
Simon Kirschler, Christiane Voigt, Bruce Anderson, Ramon Campos Braga, Gao Chen, Andrea F. Corral, Ewan Crosbie, Hossein Dadashazar, Richard A. Ferrare, Valerian Hahn, Johannes Hendricks, Stefan Kaufmann, Richard Moore, Mira L. Pöhlker, Claire Robinson, Amy J. Scarino, Dominik Schollmayer, Michael A. Shook, K. Lee Thornhill, Edward Winstead, Luke D. Ziemba, and Armin Sorooshian
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 8299–8319, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-8299-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-8299-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
In this study we show that the vertical velocity dominantly impacts the cloud droplet number concentration (NC) of low-level clouds over the western North Atlantic in the winter and summer season, while the cloud condensation nuclei concentration, aerosol size distribution and chemical composition impact NC within a season. The observational data presented in this study can evaluate and improve the representation of aerosol–cloud interactions for a wide range of conditions.
Joseph S. Schlosser, Connor Stahl, Armin Sorooshian, Yen Thi-Hoang Le, Ki-Joon Jeon, Peng Xian, Carolyn E. Jordan, Katherine R. Travis, James H. Crawford, Sung Yong Gong, Hye-Jung Shin, In-Ho Song, and Jong-sang Youn
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 7505–7522, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-7505-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-7505-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
During a major haze pollution episode in March 2019, anthropogenic emissions were dominant in the boundary layer over Incheon and Seoul, South Korea. Using supermicrometer and submicrometer size- and chemistry-resolved aerosol particle measurements taken during this haze pollution period, this work shows that local emissions and a shallow boundary layer, enhanced humidity, and low temperature promoted local heterogeneous formation of secondary inorganic and organic aerosol species.
Meloë S. F. Kacenelenbogen, Qian Tan, Sharon P. Burton, Otto P. Hasekamp, Karl D. Froyd, Yohei Shinozuka, Andreas J. Beyersdorf, Luke Ziemba, Kenneth L. Thornhill, Jack E. Dibb, Taylor Shingler, Armin Sorooshian, Reed W. Espinosa, Vanderlei Martins, Jose L. Jimenez, Pedro Campuzano-Jost, Joshua P. Schwarz, Matthew S. Johnson, Jens Redemann, and Gregory L. Schuster
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 3713–3742, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-3713-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-3713-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The impact of aerosols on Earth's radiation budget and human health is important and strongly depends on their composition. One desire of our scientific community is to derive the composition of the aerosol from satellite sensors. However, satellites observe aerosol optical properties (and not aerosol composition) based on remote sensing instrumentation. This study assesses how much aerosol optical properties can tell us about aerosol composition.
Matthew W. Christensen, Andrew Gettelman, Jan Cermak, Guy Dagan, Michael Diamond, Alyson Douglas, Graham Feingold, Franziska Glassmeier, Tom Goren, Daniel P. Grosvenor, Edward Gryspeerdt, Ralph Kahn, Zhanqing Li, Po-Lun Ma, Florent Malavelle, Isabel L. McCoy, Daniel T. McCoy, Greg McFarquhar, Johannes Mülmenstädt, Sandip Pal, Anna Possner, Adam Povey, Johannes Quaas, Daniel Rosenfeld, Anja Schmidt, Roland Schrödner, Armin Sorooshian, Philip Stier, Velle Toll, Duncan Watson-Parris, Robert Wood, Mingxi Yang, and Tianle Yuan
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 641–674, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-641-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-641-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Trace gases and aerosols (tiny airborne particles) are released from a variety of point sources around the globe. Examples include volcanoes, industrial chimneys, forest fires, and ship stacks. These sources provide opportunistic experiments with which to quantify the role of aerosols in modifying cloud properties. We review the current state of understanding on the influence of aerosol on climate built from the wide range of natural and anthropogenic laboratories investigated in recent decades.
Hossein Dadashazar, Majid Alipanah, Miguel Ricardo A. Hilario, Ewan Crosbie, Simon Kirschler, Hongyu Liu, Richard H. Moore, Andrew J. Peters, Amy Jo Scarino, Michael Shook, K. Lee Thornhill, Christiane Voigt, Hailong Wang, Edward Winstead, Bo Zhang, Luke Ziemba, and Armin Sorooshian
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 16121–16141, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-16121-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-16121-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
This study investigates precipitation impacts on long-range transport of North American outflow over the western North Atlantic Ocean (WNAO). Results demonstrate that precipitation scavenging plays a significant role in modifying surface aerosol concentrations over the WNAO, especially in winter and spring due to large-scale scavenging processes. This study highlights how precipitation impacts surface aerosol properties with relevance for other marine regions vulnerable to continental outflow.
Connor Stahl, Ewan Crosbie, Paola Angela Bañaga, Grace Betito, Rachel A. Braun, Zenn Marie Cainglet, Maria Obiminda Cambaliza, Melliza Templonuevo Cruz, Julie Mae Dado, Miguel Ricardo A. Hilario, Gabrielle Frances Leung, Alexander B. MacDonald, Angela Monina Magnaye, Jeffrey Reid, Claire Robinson, Michael A. Shook, James Bernard Simpas, Shane Marie Visaga, Edward Winstead, Luke Ziemba, and Armin Sorooshian
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 14109–14129, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-14109-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-14109-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
A total of 159 cloud water samples were collected and measured for total organic carbon (TOC) during CAMP2Ex. On average, 30 % of TOC was speciated based on carboxylic/sulfonic acids and dimethylamine. Results provide a critical constraint on cloud composition and vertical profiles of TOC and organic species ranging from ~250 m to ~ 7 km and representing a variety of cloud types and air mass source influences such as biomass burning, marine emissions, anthropogenic activity, and dust.
Hossein Dadashazar, David Painemal, Majid Alipanah, Michael Brunke, Seethala Chellappan, Andrea F. Corral, Ewan Crosbie, Simon Kirschler, Hongyu Liu, Richard H. Moore, Claire Robinson, Amy Jo Scarino, Michael Shook, Kenneth Sinclair, K. Lee Thornhill, Christiane Voigt, Hailong Wang, Edward Winstead, Xubin Zeng, Luke Ziemba, Paquita Zuidema, and Armin Sorooshian
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 10499–10526, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-10499-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-10499-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
This study investigates the seasonal cycle of cloud drop number concentration (Nd) over the western North Atlantic Ocean (WNAO) using multiple datasets. Reasons for the puzzling discrepancy between the seasonal cycles of Nd and aerosol concentration were identified. Results indicate that Nd is highest in winter (when aerosol proxy values are often lowest) due to conditions both linked to cold-air outbreaks and that promote greater droplet activation.
Genevieve Rose Lorenzo, Paola Angela Bañaga, Maria Obiminda Cambaliza, Melliza Templonuevo Cruz, Mojtaba AzadiAghdam, Avelino Arellano, Grace Betito, Rachel Braun, Andrea F. Corral, Hossein Dadashazar, Eva-Lou Edwards, Edwin Eloranta, Robert Holz, Gabrielle Leung, Lin Ma, Alexander B. MacDonald, Jeffrey S. Reid, James Bernard Simpas, Connor Stahl, Shane Marie Visaga, and Armin Sorooshian
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 6155–6173, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-6155-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-6155-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Firework emissions change the physicochemical and optical properties of water-soluble particles, which subsequently alters the background aerosol’s respirability, influence on surroundings, ability to uptake gases, and viability as cloud condensation nuclei (CCN). There was heavy aerosol loading due to fireworks in the boundary layer. The aerosol constituents were largely water-soluble and submicrometer in size due to both inorganic salts in firework materials and gas-to-particle conversion.
Miguel Ricardo A. Hilario, Ewan Crosbie, Michael Shook, Jeffrey S. Reid, Maria Obiminda L. Cambaliza, James Bernard B. Simpas, Luke Ziemba, Joshua P. DiGangi, Glenn S. Diskin, Phu Nguyen, F. Joseph Turk, Edward Winstead, Claire E. Robinson, Jian Wang, Jiaoshi Zhang, Yang Wang, Subin Yoon, James Flynn, Sergio L. Alvarez, Ali Behrangi, and Armin Sorooshian
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 3777–3802, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-3777-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-3777-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
This study characterizes long-range transport from major Asian pollution sources into the tropical northwest Pacific and the impact of scavenging on these air masses. We combined aircraft observations, HYSPLIT trajectories, reanalysis, and satellite retrievals to reveal distinct composition and size distribution profiles associated with specific emission sources and wet scavenging. The results of this work have implications for international policymaking related to climate and health.
Connor Stahl, Melliza Templonuevo Cruz, Paola Angela Bañaga, Grace Betito, Rachel A. Braun, Mojtaba Azadi Aghdam, Maria Obiminda Cambaliza, Genevieve Rose Lorenzo, Alexander B. MacDonald, Miguel Ricardo A. Hilario, Preciosa Corazon Pabroa, John Robin Yee, James Bernard Simpas, and Armin Sorooshian
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 15907–15935, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-15907-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-15907-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Long-term (16-month) high-frequency (weekly) measurements of size-resolved aerosol composition are reported. Important insights are discussed about factors (e.g., transport, fires, precipitation, photo-oxidation) impacting the mass size distributions of organic and sulfonic acids at a coastal megacity with diverse meteorology. The size-resolved nature of the data yielded one such finding that organic acids preferentially adsorb to dust rather than sea salt particles.
Cited articles
Abatzoglou, J. T. and Williams, A. P.: Impact of anthropogenic climate change on wildfire across western US forests, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 113, 11770–11775, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1607171113, 2016.
Adhikari, A. and Yin, J.: Short-Term Effects of Ambient Ozone, PM2.5, and Meteorological Factors on COVID-19 Confirmed Cases and Deaths in Queens, New York, Int. J. Env. Res. Pub. He., 17, 4047, https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17114047, 2020.
Akagi, S. K., Craven, J. S., Taylor, J. W., McMeeking, G. R., Yokelson, R. J., Burling, I. R., Urbanski, S. P., Wold, C. E., Seinfeld, J. H., Coe, H., Alvarado, M. J., and Weise, D. R.: Evolution of trace gases and particles emitted by a chaparral fire in California, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 1397–1421, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-1397-2012, 2012.
Alonso-Blanco, E., Castro, A., Calvo, A. I., Pont, V., Mallet, M., and Fraile, R.: Wildfire smoke plumes transport under a subsidence inversion: Climate and health implications in a distant urban area, Sci. Total Environ., 619–620, 988–1002, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.11.142, 2018.
Alvarado, M. J., Logan, J. A., Mao, J., Apel, E., Riemer, D., Blake, D., Cohen, R. C., Min, K.-E., Perring, A. E., Browne, E. C., Wooldridge, P. J., Diskin, G. S., Sachse, G. W., Fuelberg, H., Sessions, W. R., Harrigan, D. L., Huey, G., Liao, J., Case-Hanks, A., Jimenez, J. L., Cubison, M. J., Vay, S. A., Weinheimer, A. J., Knapp, D. J., Montzka, D. D., Flocke, F. M., Pollack, I. B., Wennberg, P. O., Kurten, A., Crounse, J., Clair, J. M. St., Wisthaler, A., Mikoviny, T., Yantosca, R. M., Carouge, C. C., and Le Sager, P.: Nitrogen oxides and PAN in plumes from boreal fires during ARCTAS-B and their impact on ozone: an integrated analysis of aircraft and satellite observations, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 9739–9760, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-9739-2010, 2010.
Andreae, M. O.: Emission of trace gases and aerosols from biomass burning – an updated assessment, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 8523–8546, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-8523-2019, 2019.
Baylon, P., Jaffe, D. A., Wigder, N. L., Gao, H., and Hee, J.: Ozone enhancement in western US wildfire plumes at the Mt. Bachelor Observatory: The role of NOx, Atmos. Environ., 109, 297–304, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2014.09.013, 2015.
Brandi, A., Martilli, A., Salamanca, F., and Georgescu, M.: Urban boundary-layer flows in complex terrain: Dynamic interactions during a hot and dry summer season in Phoenix, Arizona, Q. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 150, 3099–3116, https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.4752, 2024.
Brey, S. J. and Fischer, E. V.: Smoke in the city: How often and where does smoke impact summertime ozone in the United States?, Environ. Sci. Technol., 50, 1288–1294, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.5b05218, 2016.
Brey, S. J., Ruminski, M., Atwood, S. A., and Fischer, E. V.: Connecting smoke plumes to sources using Hazard Mapping System (HMS) smoke and fire location data over North America, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 1745–1761, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-1745-2018, 2018.
Burke, M., Childs, M. L., de la Cuesta, B., Qiu, M., Li, J., Gould, C. F., Heft-Neal, S., and Wara, M.: The contribution of wildfire to PM2.5 trends in the USA, Nature, 622, 761–766, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-023-06522-6, 2023.
Butler, T., Lupascu, A., Coates, J., and Zhu, S.: TOAST 1.0: Tropospheric Ozone Attribution of Sources with Tagging for CESM 1.2.2, Geosci. Model Dev., 11, 2825–2840, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-11-2825-2018, 2018.
Butler, T., Lupascu, A., and Nalam, A.: Attribution of ground-level ozone to anthropogenic and natural sources of nitrogen oxides and reactive carbon in a global chemical transport model, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 10707–10731, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-10707-2020, 2020.
Buysse, C. E., Kaulfus, A., Nair, U., and Jaffe, D. A.: Relationships between Particulate Matter, Ozone, and Nitrogen Oxides during Urban Smoke Events in the Western US, Environ. Sci. Technol., 53, 12519–12528, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.9b05241, 2019.
Cazorla, M. and Herrera, E.: An ozonesonde evaluation of spaceborne observations in the Andean tropics, Sci. Rep., 12, 15942, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-20303-7, 2022.
Clappier, A., Belis, C. A., Pernigotti, D., and Thunis, P.: Source apportionment and sensitivity analysis: two methodologies with two different purposes, Geosci. Model Dev., 10, 4245–4256, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-10-4245-2017, 2017.
CNN: Arizona wildfires bring smoke and record temperatures, https://www.cnn.com/2021/06/15/weather/arizona-smoke-record-temperatures-wildfire (last access: 2 May 2024), 2021.
Cohan, D. S., Hakami, A., Hu, Y., and Russell, A. G.: Nonlinear Response of Ozone to Emissions: Source Apportionment and Sensitivity Analysis, Environ. Sci. Technol., 39, 6739–6748, https://doi.org/10.1021/es048664m, 2005.
Collet, S., Minoura, H., Kidokoro, T., Sonoda, Y., Kinugasa, Y., Karamchandani, P., Johnson, J., Shah, T., Jung, J., and DenBleyker, A.: Future year ozone source attribution modeling studies for the eastern and western United States, J. Air Waste Ma., 64, 1174–1185, https://doi.org/10.1080/10962247.2014.936629, 2014.
Conservation Biology Institute: Potential Natural Vegetation Type Dataset, Data Basin, https://databasin.org/maps/new/#datasets=43a107f2f0c048f8a87a97adf0368ee9 (last access: 9 November 2024), 2024.
Copernicus Sentinel data processed by ESA, German Aerospace Center (DLR): Sentinel-5P TROPOMI Total Ozone Column 1-Orbit L2 5.5 km × 3.5 km, Greenbelt, MD, USA, Goddard Earth Sciences Data and Information Services Center (GES DISC), https://doi.org/10.5270/S5P-ft13p57, 2020a.
Copernicus Sentinel data processed by ESA, German Aerospace Center-Institute for Environmental Research/University of Bremen (DLR_IUP): Sentinel-5P TROPOMI Tropospheric Ozone Column, Greenbelt, MD, USA, Goddard Earth Sciences Data and Information Services Center (GES DISC), https://doi.org/10.5270/S5P-hcp1l2m, 2020b.
David, L. M., Ravishankara, A. R., Brey, S. J., Fischer, E. V., Volckens, J., and Kreidenweis, S.: Could the exception become the rule? “Uncontrollable” air pollution events in the US due to wildland fires, Environ. Res. Lett., 16, 3, https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/abe1f3, 2021.
de la Paz, D., Borge, R., de Andrés, J. M., Tovar, L., Sarwar, G., and Napelenok, S. L.: Summertime tropospheric ozone source apportionment study in the Madrid region (Spain), Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 4949–4972, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-4949-2024, 2024.
Demerjian, K. L.: A review of national monitoring networks in North America, Atmos. Environ., 34, 1861–1884, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1352-2310(99)00452-5, 2000.
Duncan, B. N., Yoshida, Y., Olson, J. R., Sillman, S., Martin, R. V., Lamsal, L., Hu, Y., Pickering, K. E., Retscher, C., Allen, D. J., and Crawford, J. H.: Application of OMI observations to a space-based indicator of NOx and VOC controls on surface ozone formation, Atmos. Environ., 44, 2213–2223, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2010.03.010, 2010.
Emmons, L. K., Hess, P. G., Lamarque, J.-F., and Pfister, G. G.: Tagged ozone mechanism for MOZART-4, CAM-chem and other chemical transport models, Geosci. Model Dev., 5, 1531–1542, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-5-1531-2012, 2012.
EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency): Air Quality System (AQS) Data, EPA [data set], https://aqs.epa.gov/aqsweb/airdata/download_files.html, last access: 3 April 2023.
European Commission: Joint Research Centre, Hill, J., Von Maltitz, G., Sommer, S., Reynolds, J., Hill, J., Sommer, S., and Von Maltitz, G.: World atlas of desertification – Rethinking land degradation and sustainable land management, edited by: Hill, J., Von Maltitz, G., Sommer, S., Reynolds, J., Hutchinson, C., and Cherlet, M., Publications Office, 2018, https://data.europa.eu/doi/10.2760/06292 (last access: 19 November 2024), 2018.
Freitas, S. R., Longo, K. M., Chatfield, R., Latham, D., Silva Dias, M. A. F., Andreae, M. O., Prins, E., Santos, J. C., Gielow, R., and Carvalho Jr., J. A.: Including the sub-grid scale plume rise of vegetation fires in low resolution atmospheric transport models, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 3385–3398, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-7-3385-2007, 2007.
Goldberg, D. L., Vinciguerra, T. P., Anderson, D. C., Hembeck, L., Canty, T. P., Ehrman, S. H., and Dickerson, R. R.: CAMx ozone source attribution in the eastern United States using guidance from observations during DISCOVER-AQ Maryland, Geophys. Res. Lett., 43, 2249–2258, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015GL067332, 2016.
Greenslade, M., Guo, Y., Betito, G., Mirrezaei, M. A., Roychoudhury, C., Arellano, A. F., and Sorooshian, A.: On ozone's weekly cycle for different seasons in Arizona, Atmos. Environ., 334, 120703, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2024.120703, 2024.
Grell, G. A., Peckham, S. E., Schmitz, R., McKeen, S. A., Frost, G., Skamarock, W. C., and Eder, B.: Fully coupled “online” chemistry within the WRF model, Atmos. Environ., 39, 6957–6975, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2005.04.027, 2005.
Grewe, V., Tsati, E., and Hoor, P.: On the attribution of contributions of atmospheric trace gases to emissions in atmospheric model applications, Geosci. Model Dev., 3, 487–499, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-3-487-2010, 2010.
Grewe, V., Dahlmann, K., Matthes, S., and Steinbrecht, W.: Attributing ozone to NOx emissions: Implications for climate mitigation measures, Atmos. Environ., 59, 102–107, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2012.05.002, 2012.
Grewe, V.: A generalized tagging method, Geosci. Model Dev., 6, 247–253, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-6-247-2013, 2013.
Grewe, V., Tsati, E., Mertens, M., Frömming, C., and Jöckel, P.: Contribution of emissions to concentrations: the TAGGING 1.0 submodel based on the Modular Earth Submodel System (MESSy 2.52), Geosci. Model Dev., 10, 2615–2633, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-10-2615-2017, 2017.
Guenther, A., Karl, T., Harley, P., Wiedinmyer, C., Palmer, P. I., and Geron, C.: Estimates of global terrestrial isoprene emissions using MEGAN (Model of Emissions of Gases and Aerosols from Nature), Atmos. Chem. Phys., 6, 3181–3210, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-6-3181-2006, 2006.
Guenther, A., Karl, T., Harley, P., Wiedinmyer, C., Palmer, P. I., and Geron, C.: Estimates of global terrestrial isoprene emissions using MEGAN (Model of Emissions of Gases and Aerosols from Nature), Atmos. Chem. Phys., 6, 3181–3210, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-6-3181-2006, 2006.
Gao, J., Zhu, B., Xiao, H., Kang, H., Hou, X., and Shao, P., A case study of surface ozone source apportionment during a high concentration episode, under frequent shifting wind conditions over the Yangtze River Delta, China, Sci. Total Environ., 544, 853–863, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.12.039, 2016
Guo, Y., Roychoudhury, C., Mirrezaei, M. A., Kumar, R., Sorooshian, A., and Arellano, A. F.: Investigating ground-level ozone pollution in semi-arid and arid regions of Arizona using WRF-Chem v4.4 modeling, Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 4331–4353, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-4331-2024, 2024.
Guo, Y. and Arellano, A. F.: WRF-Chem Source Code for Source Apportionment of Ozone Pollution in Arizona, Zenodo [code], https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15541276, 2025.
Hakami, A., Seinfeld, J. H., Chai, T., Tang, Y., Carmichael, G. R., and Sandu, A.: Adjoint sensitivity analysis of ozone nonattainment over the continental United States. Environ. Sci. Technol., 40, 3855–3864, https://doi.org/10.1021/es052135g, 2006.
Hakami, A., Henze, D. K., Seinfeld, J. H., Singh, K., Sandu, A., Kim, S., and Li, Q.: The adjoint of CMAQ, Environ. Sci. Technol., 41, 7807–7817, https://doi.org/10.1021/es070944p, 2007.
Holder, A. L. and Sullivan, A. P.: Emissions, Chemistry, and the Environmental Impacts of Wildland Fire, Environ. Sci. Technol., 4, 903–907, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.estlett.4c00612, 2024.
Hosseinpour, F., Kumar, N., Tran, T., and Knipping, E.: Using machine learning to improve the estimate of US background ozone, Atmos. Environ., 316, 120145, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2023.120145, 2024.
Huangfu, P. and Atkinson, R.: Long-term exposure to NO2 and O3 and all-cause and respiratory mortality: A systematic review and meta-analysis, Environ. Int., 144, 105998, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2020.105998, 2020.
Heue, K.-P., Eichmann, K.-U., and Valks, P.: TROPOMI/S5P ATBD of Tropospheric Ozone Data Products, https://sentinels.copernicus.eu/documents/247904/2476257/Sentinel-5P-ATBD-TROPOMI-Tropospheric-Ozone.pdf/d2106102-b5c3-4d28-b752-026e3448aab2?t=1625507455328 (last access: 17 November 2024), 2021.
Jaffe, D. A. and Wigder, N. L.: Ozone production from wildfires: A critical review, Atmos. Environ., 51, 1–10, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2011.11.063, 2012.
Jaffe, D. A., Wigder, N., Downey, N., Pfister, G., Boynard, A., and Reid, S. B.: Impact of Wildfires on Ozone Exceptional Events in the Western U.S, Environ. Sci. Technol., 47, 11065–11072, https://doi.org/10.1021/es402164f, 2013.
Jaffe, D. A., Cooper, O. R., Fiore, A. M., Henderson, B. H., Tonnesen, G. S., Russell, A. G., Henze, D. K., Langford, A. O., Lin, M., and Moore, T.: Scientific assessment of background ozone over the US: Implications for air quality management, Elementa: Science of the Anthropocene, 6, 56, https://doi.org/10.1525/elementa.309, 2018.
Jaffe, D. A., O'Neill, S. M., Larkin, N. K., Holder, A. L., Peterson, D. L., Halofsky, J. E., and Rappold, A. G.: Wildfire and prescribed burning impacts on air quality in the United States, J. Air Waste Ma., 70, 583–615, https://doi.org/10.1080/10962247.2020.1749731, 2020.
Jain, P., Sharma, A. R., Acuna, D. C., Abatzoglou, J. T., and Flannigan, M.: Record-breaking fire weather in North America in 2021 was initiated by the Pacific northwest heat dome, Communications Earth & Environment, 5, 202, https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-024-01346-2, 2024.
Jiang, X., Wiedinmyer, C., and Carlton, A. G.: Aerosols from fires: An examination of the effects on ozone photochemistry in the Western United States, Environ. Sci. Technol., 46, 11878–11886, https://doi.org/10.1021/es301541k, 2012.
Jin, X., Fiore, A., Boersma, K. F., Smedt, I. D., and Valin, L.: Inferring changes in summertime surface Ozone–NOx–VOC chemistry over US urban areas from two decades of satellite and ground-based observations, Environ. Sci. Technol., 54, 6518–6529, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.9b07785, 2020
Jin, X., Fiore, A. M., and Cohen, R. C.: Space-Based Observations of Ozone Precursors within California Wildfire Plumes and the Impacts on Ozone-NOx-VOC Chemistry, Environ. Sci. Technol., 57, 14648–14660, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.3c04411, 2023.
Jones, M. W., Abatzoglou, J. T., Veraverbeke, S., Andela, N., Lasslop, G., Forkel, M., Smith, A. J., Burton, C., Betts, R. A., van der Werf, G. R., and Sitch, S.: Global and regional trends and drivers of fire under climate change, Rev. Geophys., 60, e2020RG000726, https://doi.org/10.1029/2020RG000726, 2022.
Kilian, M., Grewe, V., Jöckel, P., Kerkweg, A., Mertens, M., Zahn, A., and Ziereis, H.: Ozone source attribution in polluted European areas during summer 2017 as simulated with MECO(n), Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 13503–13523, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-13503-2024, 2024.
Kwok, R. H. F., Baker, K. R., Napelenok, S. L., and Tonnesen, G. S.: Photochemical grid model implementation and application of VOC, NOx, and O3 source apportionment, Geosci. Model Dev., 8, 99–114, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-8-99-2015, 2015.
Li, J., Georgescu, M., Hyde, P., Mahalov, A., and Moustaoui, M.: Regional-scale transport of air pollutants: impacts of Southern California emissions on Phoenix ground-level ozone concentrations, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 9345–9360, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-9345-2015, 2015.
Li, P., Yang, Y., Wang, H., Li, S., Li, K., Wang, P., Li, B., and Liao, H.: Source attribution of near-surface ozone trends in the United States during 1995–2019, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 5403–5417, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-5403-2023, 2023.
Li, J., Yuan, B., Yang, S., Peng, Y., Chen, W., Xie, Q., Wu, Y., Huang, Z., Zheng, J., Wang, X., and Shao, M.: Quantifying the contributions of meteorology, emissions, and transport to ground-level ozone in the Pearl River Delta, China, Sci. Total Environ., 932, 173011, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173011, 2024.
Lo, S. H., Chen, C. T., Hsu, H. H., Shih, M. F., and Liang, H.C.: The unprecedented spatial extent and intensity of the 2021 summer extreme heatwave event over the Western North American regions, Weather and Climate Extremes, 41, 100576, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wace.2023.100576, 2023.
Ludewig, A., Kleipool, Q., Bartstra, R., Landzaat, R., Leloux, J., Loots, E., Meijering, P., van der Plas, E., Rozemeijer, N., Vonk, F., and Veefkind, P.: In-flight calibration results of the TROPOMI payload on board the Sentinel-5 Precursor satellite, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 13, 3561–3580, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-3561-2020, 2020.
Lupaşcu, A. and Butler, T.: Source attribution of European surface O3 using a tagged O3 mechanism, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 14535–14558, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-14535-2019, 2019.
Lupaşcu, A., Otero, N., Minkos, A., and Butler, T.: Attribution of surface ozone to NOx and volatile organic compound sources during two different high ozone events, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 11675–11699, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-11675-2022, 2022.
Marsh, D. R., Mills, M. J., Kinnison, D. E., Lamarque, J.-F., Calvo, N., and Polvani, L. M.: Climate Change from 1850 to 2005 Simulated in CESM1(WACCM), J. Climate, 26, 7372–7391, https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00558.1, 2013.
Martin, R. V., Fiore, A. M., and Van Donkelaar, A.: Space-based diagnosis of surface ozone sensitivity to anthropogenic emissions, Geophys. Res. Lett., 31, L06120, https://doi.org/10.1029/2004GL019416, 2004.
Maruhashi, J., Mertens, M., Grewe, V., and Dedoussi, I. C.: A multi-method assessment of the regional sensitivities between flight altitude and short-term O3 climate warming from aircraft NOx emissions, Environ. Res. Lett., 19, 054007, https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ad376a, 2024.
McClure, C. D. and Jaffe, D. A.: Investigation of high ozone events due to wildfire smoke in an urban area, Atmos. Environ., 194, 146–157, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2018.09.021, 2018.
Mertens, M., Grewe, V., Rieger, V. S., and Jöckel, P.: Revisiting the contribution of land transport and shipping emissions to tropospheric ozone, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 5567–5588, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-5567-2018, 2018.
Mertens, M., Kerkweg, A., Grewe, V., Jöckel, P., and Sausen, R.: Attributing ozone and its precursors to land transport emissions in Europe and Germany, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 7843–7873, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-7843-2020, 2020.
Mertens, M., Jöckel, P., Matthes, S., Nützel, M., Grewe, V., and Sausen, R.: COVID-19 induced lower-tropospheric ozone changes, Environ. Res. Lett., 16, 064005, https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/abf191, 2021.
Miech, J. A., Herckes, P., Fraser, M. P., Arellano, A. F., Mirrezaei, M. A., and Guo, Y.: Evaluating Phoenix Metropolitan Area Ozone Behavior Using Ground-Based Sampling, Modeling, and Satellite Retrievals, Atmosphere, 15, 555, https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos15050555, 2024.
Mirrezaei, M. A., Arellano, A., Guo, Y., Roychoudhury, C., and Sorooshian, A.. Ozone production over arid regions: insights into meteorological and chemical drivers, Environ. Res. Commun., 6, 051009, https://doi.org/10.1088/2515-7620/ad484c, 2024.
Nalam, A., Lupascu, A., Ansari, T., and Butler, T.: Regional and sectoral contributions of NOx and reactive carbon emission sources to global trends in tropospheric ozone during the 2000–2018 period, EGUsphere [preprint], https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-432, 2024.
Ninneman, M. and Jaffe, D. A.: The impact of wildfire smoke on ozone production in an urban area: Insights from field observations and photochemical box modeling, Atmos. Environ., 267, 118764, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2021.118764, 2021.
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA): Hazard Mapping System Fire and Smoke Product, https://www.ospo.noaa.gov/Products/land/hms.html (last access: 8 April 2024), 2023.
Nopmongcol, U., Alvarez, Y., Jung, J., Grant, J., Kumar, N., and Yarwood, G.: Source contributions to United States ozone and particulate matter over five decades from 1970 to 2020, Atmos. Environ., 167, 116–128, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2017.08.009, 2017.
Osman, M., Zaitchik, B. F., and Winstead, N.S.: Cascading drought-heat dynamics during the 2021 Southwest United States heatwave, Geophys. Res. Lett., 49, e2022GL099265, https://doi.org/10.1029/2022GL099265, 2022.
Pan, K. and Faloona, I. C.: The impacts of wildfires on ozone production and boundary layer dynamics in California's Central Valley, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 9681–9702, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-9681-2022, 2022.
Parrish, D. D., Faloona, I. C., and Derwent, R. G.: Maximum ozone concentrations in the southwestern US and Texas: implications of the growing predominance of the background contribution, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 263–289, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-263-2025, 2025.
Pfannerstill, E. Y., Arata, C., Zhu, Q., Schulze, B. C., Ward, R., Woods, R., Harkins, C., Schwantes, R. H., Seinfeld, J. H., Bucholtz, A., and Cohen, R. C.: Temperature-dependent emissions dominate aerosol and ozone formation in Los Angeles, Science, 384, 1324–1329, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.adg8204, 2024.
Pfister, G. G., Walters, S., Emmons, L. K., Edwards, D. P., and Avise, J.: Quantifying the contribution of inflow on surface ozone over California during summer 2008, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 118, 12282–212299, https://doi.org/10.1002/2013JD020336, 2013.
Pfister, G. G., Emmons, L. K., Hess, P. G., Honrath, R., Lamarque, J.-F., Val Martin, M., Owen, R. C., Avery, M. A., Browell, E. V., Holloway, J. S., Nedelec, P., Purvis, R., Ryerson, T. B., Sachse, G. W., and Schlager, H.: Ozone production from the 2004 North American boreal fires, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 111, D24S07, https://doi.org/10.1029/2006JD007695, 2006.
Qin, M., She, Y., Wang, M., Wang, H., Chang, Y., Tan, Z., An, J., Huang, J., Yuan, Z., Lu, J., and Wang, Q.: Increased urban ozone in heatwaves due to temperature-induced emissions of anthropogenic volatile organic compounds, Nat. Geosci., 18, 50–56, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-024-01608-w, 2025.
Rickly, P. S., Coggon, M. M., Aikin, K. C., Alvarez, R. J., Baidar, S., Gilman, J. B., Gkatzelis, G. I., Harkins, C., He, J., Lamplugh, A., and Langford, A. O.: Influence of wildfire on urban ozone: An observationally constrained box modeling study at a site in the Colorado front range, Environ. Sci. Technol., 57, 1257–1267, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.2c06157, 2023.
Robinson, M. A., Decker, Z. C., Barsanti, K. C., Coggon, M. M., Flocke, F. M., Franchin, A., Fredrickson, C. D., Gilman, J. B., Gkatzelis, G. I., Holmes, C. D., and Lamplugh, A.: Variability and time of day dependence of ozone photochemistry in western wildfire plumes, Environ. Sci. Technol., 55, 10280–10290, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.1c01963, 2021.
Rolph, G. D., Draxler, R. R., Stein, A. F., Taylor, A., Ruminski, M. G., Kondragunta, S., Zeng, J., Huang, H., Manikin, G., McQueen, J. T., and Davidson, P. M.: Description and Verification of the NOAA Smoke Forecasting System: The 2007 Fire Season, Weather Forecast., 24, 361–378, https://doi.org/10.1175/2008WAF2222165.1, 2009.
Romero-Alvarez, J., Lupaşcu, A., Lowe, D., Badia, A., Archer-Nicholls, S., Dorling, S., Reeves, C. E., and Butler, T.: Sources of surface O3 in the UK: tagging O3 within WRF-Chem, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 13797–13815, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-13797-2022, 2022.
Selimovic, V., Yokelson, R. J., McMeeking, G. R., and Coefield, S.: Aerosol Mass and Optical Properties, Smoke Influence on O3, and High NO3 Production Rates in a Western U.S. City Impacted by Wildfires, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 125, e2020JD032791, https://doi.org/10.1029/2020JD032791, 2020.
Shu, Q., Napelenok, S. L., Hutzell, W. T., Baker, K. R., Henderson, B. H., Murphy, B. N., and Hogrefe, C.: Comparison of ozone formation attribution techniques in the northeastern United States, Geosci. Model Dev., 16, 2303–2322, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-2303-2023, 2023.
Sillman, S.: The use of NOy, H2O2 and HNO3 as indicators for ozone-NOx-hydrocarbon sensitivity in urban locations, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 100, 14175–14188, https://doi.org/10.1029/94JD02953, 1995.
Thompson, V., Kennedy-Asser, A. T., Vosper, E., Lo, Y. E., Huntingford, C., Andrews, O., Collins, M., Hegerl, G. C., and Mitchell, D.: The 2021 western North America heat wave among the most extreme events ever recorded globally, Sci. Adv., 8, eabm6860, https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abm6860, 2022.
Thunis, P., Clappier, A., Tarrason, L., Cuvelier, C., Monteiro, A., Pisoni, E., Wesseling, J., Belis, C. A., Pirovano, G., Janssen, S., Guerreiro, C., and Peduzzi, E.: Source apportionment to support air quality planning: Strengths and weaknesses of existing approaches, Environ. Int., 130, 104825, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2019.05.019, 2019.
Tilmes, S., Lamarque, J.-F., Emmons, L. K., Kinnison, D. E., Ma, P.-L., Liu, X., Ghan, S., Bardeen, C., Arnold, S., Deeter, M., Vitt, F., Ryerson, T., Elkins, J. W., Moore, F., Spackman, J. R., and Val Martin, M.: Description and evaluation of tropospheric chemistry and aerosols in the Community Earth System Model (CESM1.2), Geosci. Model Dev., 8, 1395–1426, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-8-1395-2015, 2015.
Tonnesen, G. S. and Dennis, R. L.: Analysis of radical propagation efficiency to assess ozone sensitivity to hydrocarbons and NOx: 2. Long-lived species as indicators of ozone concentration sensitivity, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. 105, 9227–9241, https://doi.org/10.1029/1999JD900372, 2000.
Turner, M. C., Jerrett, M., III, C. A. P., Krewski, D., Gapstur, S. M., Diver, W. R., Beckerman, B. S., Marshall, J. D., Su, J., Crouse, D. L., and Burnett, R. T.: Long-Term Ozone Exposure and Mortality in a Large Prospective Study, Am. J. Resp. Crit. Care, 193, 1134–1142, 10.1164/rccm.201508-1633OC, 2016.
Urbanski, S. P., Hao, W. M., and Baker, S.: Chapter 4 Chemical Composition of Wildland Fire Emissions, in: Developments in Environmental Science, edited by: Bytnerowicz, A., Arbaugh, M. J., Riebau, A. R., and Andersen, C., Elsevier, 79–107, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1474-8177(08)00004-1, 2008.
USDA Forest Service: Tonto National Forest – Nature & Science, USDA Forest Service, https://www.fs.usda.gov/detail/tonto/learning/nature-science/?cid=fsbdev3_018777 (last access: 9 November 2024), 2024.
Wang, Y., Jacob, D. J., and Logan, J. A.: Global simulation of tropospheric O3-NOx-hydrocarbon chemistry: 3. Origin of tropospheric ozone and effects of nonmethane hydrocarbons, J. Geophys. Res., 103, 10757–10767, https://doi.org/10.1029/98JD00156, 1998.
Wang, Z. S., Chien, C.-J., and Tonnesen, G. S.: Development of a tagged species source apportionment algorithm to characterize three-dimensional transport and transformation of precursors and secondary pollutants, J. Geophys. Res., 114, D21206, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008JD010846, 2009.
White, R. H., Anderson, S., Booth, J. F., Braich, G., Draeger, C., Fei, C., Harley, C. D., Henderson, S. B., Jakob, M., Lau, C. A., and Mareshet Admasu, L.: The unprecedented Pacific northwest heatwave of June 2021, Nat. Commun., 14, 727, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-36289-3, 2023.
Wiedinmyer, C., Kimura, Y., McDonald-Buller, E. C., Emmons, L. K., Buchholz, R. R., Tang, W., Seto, K., Joseph, M. B., Barsanti, K. C., Carlton, A. G., and Yokelson, R.: The Fire Inventory from NCAR version 2.5: an updated global fire emissions model for climate and chemistry applications, Geosci. Model Dev., 16, 3873–3891, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-3873-2023, 2023.
Xu, L., Crounse, J. D., Vasquez, K. T., Allen, H., Wennberg, P. O., Bourgeois, I., Brown, S. S., Campuzano-Jost, P., Coggon, M. M., Crawford, J. H., DiGangi, J. P., Diskin, G. S., Fried, A., Gargulinski, E. M., Gilman, J. B., Gkatzelis, G. I., Guo, H., Hair, J. W., Hall, S. R., Halliday, H. A., Hanisco, T. F., Hannun, R. A., Holmes, C. D., Huey, L. G., Jimenez, J. L., Lamplugh, A., Lee, Y. R., Liao, J., Lindaas, J., Neuman, J. A., Nowak, J. B., Peischl, J., Peterson, D. A., Piel, F., Richter, D., Rickly, P. S., Robinson, M. A., Rollins, A. W., Ryerson, T. B., Sekimoto, K., Selimovic, V., Shingler, T., Soja, A. J., St. Clair, J. M., Tanner, D. J., Ullmann, K., Veres, P. R., Walega, J., Warneke, C., Washenfelder, R. A., Weibring, P., Wisthaler, A., Wolfe, G. M., Womack, C. C., and Yokelson, R. J.: Ozone chemistry in western U.S. wildfire plumes, Sci. Adv., 7, eabl3648, https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abl3648, 2021.
Yeganeh, A. K., Momeni, M., Choi, Y., Park, J., and Jung, J.: A case study of surface ozone source contributions in the Seoul metropolitan area using the adjoint of CMAQ, J. Air Waste Ma., 74, 511–530, https://doi.org/10.1080/10962247.2024.2361021, 2024.
Yokelson, R. J., Bertschi, I. T., Christian, T. J., Hobbs, P. V., Ward, D. E., and Hao, W. M.: Trace gas measurements in nascent, aged, and cloud-processed smoke from African savanna fires by airborne Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (AFTIR), J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 108, 8478, https://doi.org/10.1029/2002JD002322, 2003.
Zhang, L., Jacob, D. J., Boersma, K. F., Jaffe, D. A., Olson, J. R., Bowman, K. W., Worden, J. R., Thompson, A. M., Avery, M. A., Cohen, R. C., Dibb, J. E., Flock, F. M., Fuelberg, H. E., Huey, L. G., McMillan, W. W., Singh, H. B., and Weinheimer, A. J.: Transpacific transport of ozone pollution and the effect of recent Asian emission increases on air quality in North America: an integrated analysis using satellite, aircraft, ozonesonde, and surface observations, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 8, 6117–6136, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-8-6117-2008, 2008.
Zhang, R., Cohan, A., Pour Biazar, A., and Cohan, D. S.: Source apportionment of biogenic contributions to ozone formation over the United States, Atmos. Environ., 164, 8–19, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2017.05.044, 2017.
Zhang, Y., Wen, X. Y., Wang, K., Vijayaraghavan, K., and Jacobson, M. Z.: Probing into regional O3 and particulate matter pollution in the United States: 2. An examination of formation mechanisms through a process analysis technique and sensitivity study, J. Geophys Res.-Atmos., 114, D22305, https://doi.org/10.1029/2009JD011900, 2009.
Zhang, Y., Zhao, Y., Li, J., Wu, Q., Wang, H., Du, H., Yang, W., Wang, Z., and Zhu, L.: Modeling Ozone Source Apportionment and Performing Sensitivity Analysis in Summer on the North China Plain, Atmosphere, 11, 992, https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos11090992, 2020.
Zhao, Y., Li, Y., Kumar, A., Ying, Q., Vandenberghe, F., and Kleeman, M. J.: Separately resolving NOx and VOC contributions to ozone formation, Atmos. Environ., 285, 119224, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2022.119224, 2022.
Short summary
We assess the contributions of fire and anthropogenic emissions to O3 levels in Phoenix, Arizona, during a period of intense heat and drought conditions. We find that fire exacerbates O3 pollution and that interactions between weather, climate, and air chemistry are important to consider. This has implications for activities related to formulating emission reduction strategies in areas that are currently understudied yet becoming relevant due to reports of increasing global aridity.
We assess the contributions of fire and anthropogenic emissions to O3 levels in Phoenix,...
Altmetrics
Final-revised paper
Preprint