Articles | Volume 24, issue 6
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-3559-2024
© Author(s) 2024. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-3559-2024
© Author(s) 2024. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
21 Mar 2024
Research article |
| 21 Mar 2024
| 21 Mar 2024
Quasi-10 d wave activity in the southern high-latitude mesosphere and lower thermosphere (MLT) region and its relation to large-scale instability and gravity wave drag
Wonseok Lee
Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, South Korea
now at: Department of Physics, Catholic University of America, Washington, DC 20064, USA
now at: Heliophysics Science Division, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, South Korea
Byeong-Gwon Song
Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, South Korea
Yong Ha Kim
Department of Astronomy and Space Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, South Korea
Related authors
Gunter Stober, Diego Janches, Vivien Matthias, Dave Fritts, John Marino, Tracy Moffat-Griffin, Kathrin Baumgarten, Wonseok Lee, Damian Murphy, Yong Ha Kim, Nicholas Mitchell, and Scott Palo
Ann. Geophys., 39, 1–29, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-39-1-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-39-1-2021, 2021
Jun-Young Hwang, Young-Sook Lee, Yong Ha Kim, Hosik Kam, Seok-Min Song, Young-Sil Kwak, and Tae-Yong Yang
Ann. Geophys., 40, 247–257, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-40-247-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-40-247-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We analysed all-sky camera images observed at Mt. Bohyun observatory (36.2° N, 128.9° E) for the period of 2017–2019. We retrieved gravity wave parameters including horizontal wavelength, phase velocity and period from the image data. The horizontally propagating directions of the wave were biased according to their seasons, exerted with filtering effect by prevailing background winds. We also evaluated the nature of vertical propagation of the wave for each season.
Jooyeop Lee, Martin Claussen, Jeongwon Kim, Je-Woo Hong, In-Sun Song, and Jinkyu Hong
Clim. Past, 18, 313–326, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-313-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-313-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
It is still a challenge to simulate the so–called Green Sahara (GS), which was a wet and vegetative Sahara region in the mid–Holocene, using current climate models. Our analysis shows that Holocene greening is simulated better if the amount of soil nitrogen and soil texture is properly modified for the humid and vegetative GS period. Future climate simulation needs to consider consequent changes in soil nitrogen and texture with changes in vegetation cover for proper climate simulations.
Gunter Stober, Diego Janches, Vivien Matthias, Dave Fritts, John Marino, Tracy Moffat-Griffin, Kathrin Baumgarten, Wonseok Lee, Damian Murphy, Yong Ha Kim, Nicholas Mitchell, and Scott Palo
Ann. Geophys., 39, 1–29, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-39-1-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-39-1-2021, 2021
Patrick Mungufeni, Sripathi Samireddipalle, Yenca Migoya-Orué, and Yong Ha Kim
Ann. Geophys., 38, 1203–1215, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-38-1203-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-38-1203-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
This study developed a model of total electron content (TEC) over the African region. The TEC data were derived from radio occultation measurements done by the Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere, and Climate (COSMIC) satellites. Data during geomagnetically quiet time for the years 2008–2011 and 2013–2017 were binned according to local time, seasons, solar flux level, geographic longitude, and dip latitude. Cubic B splines were used to fit the data for the model.
In-Sun Song, Changsup Lee, Hye-Yeong Chun, Jeong-Han Kim, Geonhwa Jee, Byeong-Gwon Song, and Julio T. Bacmeister
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 7617–7644, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-7617-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-7617-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
A modeling study on the effects of propagation of atmospheric gravity waves is carried out for the 2009 sudden stratospheric warming (SSW) event. It is found that gravity-wave-induced momentum fluxes are significantly affected by horizontal refraction and the Earth's curvature effects. Gravity wave convergence and effects of ray geometry also have some impact. In the evolution of the SSW, significantly enhanced momentum fluxes are likely to change nonlocally nearby large-scale vortex structures.
Young-Ha Kim, George N. Kiladis, John R. Albers, Juliana Dias, Masatomo Fujiwara, James A. Anstey, In-Sun Song, Corwin J. Wright, Yoshio Kawatani, François Lott, and Changhyun Yoo
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 10027–10050, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-10027-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-10027-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Reanalyses are widely used products of meteorological variables, generated using observational data and assimilation systems. We compare six modern reanalyses, with focus on their representation of equatorial waves which are important in stratospheric variability and stratosphere–troposphere exchange. Agreement/spreads among the reanalyses in the spectral properties and spatial distributions of the waves are examined, and satellite impacts on the wave representation in reanalyses are discussed.
Changsup Lee, Geonhwa Jee, Jeong-Han Kim, and In-Sun Song
Ann. Geophys., 36, 1267–1274, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-36-1267-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-36-1267-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
This study shows the width of the meteor height distribution (FWHM) is well correlated with the atmospheric pressure, not only experimentally but theoretically. From the correlation analysis, we found that the FWHM provides the best estimation of the temperature at the height layer below the meteor peak height by 2–3 km. We also proved a meteor echo height ceiling effect (MHC) is primarily controlled by the atmospheric conditions, and this enables the FWHM to estimate the temperature accurately.
Byeong-Gwon Song and Hye-Yeong Chun
Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2016-729, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2016-729, 2016
Revised manuscript not accepted
Young-Ha Kim, Hye-Yeong Chun, Sang-Hun Park, In-Sun Song, and Hyun-Joo Choi
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 4799–4815, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-4799-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-4799-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
We investigated the characteristics of atmospheric gravity waves that are generated in a baroclinic life cycle simulation using a high-resolution global model. We analysed the spatiotemporal scales, vertical-propagation aspects, and sources of the gravity waves as well as their phase-velocity spectrum. The wave characteristics investigated in this study are crucial information for parameterizing gravity waves in large-scale models.
M. M. Hurwitz, L. D. Oman, P. A. Newman, and I.-S. Song
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 12187–12197, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-12187-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-12187-2013, 2013
Related subject area
Subject: Dynamics | Research Activity: Atmospheric Modelling and Data Analysis | Altitude Range: Mesosphere | Science Focus: Physics (physical properties and processes)
Studies on the Propagation Dynamics and Source Mechanism of Quasi-Monochromatic Gravity Waves Observed over São Martinho da Serra (29° S, 53° W), Brazil
Impact of a strong volcanic eruption on the summer middle atmosphere in UA-ICON simulations
Simulated long-term evolution of the thermosphere during the Holocene – Part 2: Circulation and solar tides
Simulated long-term evolution of the thermosphere during the Holocene – Part 1: Neutral density and temperature
Numerical modelling of relative contribution of planetary waves to the atmospheric circulation
Decay times of atmospheric acoustic–gravity waves after deactivation of wave forcing
Suppressed migrating diurnal tides in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere region during El Niño in northern winter and its possible mechanism
Intercomparison of middle atmospheric meteorological analyses for the Northern Hemisphere winter 2009–2010
Self-consistent global transport of metallic ions with WACCM-X
Does the coupling of the semiannual oscillation with the quasi-biennial oscillation provide predictability of Antarctic sudden stratospheric warmings?
The sporadic sodium layer: a possible tracer for the conjunction between the upper and lower atmospheres
Modelled effects of temperature gradients and waves on the hydroxyl rotational distribution in ground-based airglow measurements
A study of the dynamical characteristics of inertia–gravity waves in the Antarctic mesosphere combining the PANSY radar and a non-hydrostatic general circulation model
Forcing mechanisms of the terdiurnal tide
Local time dependence of polar mesospheric clouds: a model study
The role of the winter residual circulation in the summer mesopause regions in WACCM
Influence of the sudden stratospheric warming on quasi-2-day waves
On the impact of the temporal variability of the collisional quenching process on the mesospheric OH emission layer: a study based on SD-WACCM4 and SABER
Environmental influences on the intensity changes of tropical cyclones over the western North Pacific
Modeling of very low frequency (VLF) radio wave signal profile due to solar flares using the GEANT4 Monte Carlo simulation coupled with ionospheric chemistry
The genesis of Typhoon Nuri as observed during the Tropical Cyclone Structure 2008 (TCS08) field experiment – Part 2: Observations of the convective environment
CO at 40–80 km above Kiruna observed by the ground-based microwave radiometer KIMRA and simulated by the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model
Cristiano M. Wrasse, Prosper K. Nyassor, Ligia A. da Silva, Cosme O. A. B. Figueiredo, José V. Bageston, Kleber P. Naccarato, Diego Barros, Hisao Takahashi, and Delano Gobbi
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-1825, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-1825, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This present work investigates the propagation dynamics and the sources-source mechanisms of quasi-monochromatic gravity waves (QMGWs) observed between April, 2017 and April, 2022 at São Martinho da Serra. The QMGW parameters were estimated using a 2D spectral analysis, and their source locations were identified using a backward ray tracing model. Furthermore, the propagation conditions, sources, and source mechanisms of the QMGWs were extensively studied.
Sandra Wallis, Hauke Schmidt, and Christian von Savigny
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 7001–7014, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-7001-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-7001-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Strong volcanic eruptions are able to alter the temperature and the circulation of the middle atmosphere. This study simulates the atmospheric response to an idealized strong tropical eruption and focuses on the impact on the mesosphere. The simulations show a warming of the polar summer mesopause in the first November after the eruption. Our study indicates that this is mainly due to dynamical coupling in the summer hemisphere with a potential contribution from interhemispheric coupling.
Xu Zhou, Xinan Yue, Yihui Cai, Zhipeng Ren, Yong Wei, and Yongxin Pan
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 6383–6393, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-6383-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-6383-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Secular variations in CO2 concentration and geomagnetic field can affect the dynamics of the upper atmosphere. We examine how these two factors influence the dynamics of the upper atmosphere during the Holocene, using two sets of ~ 12 000-year control runs by the coupled thermosphere–ionosphere model. The main results show that (a) increased CO2 enhances the thermospheric circulation, but non-linearly; and (b) geomagnetic variation induced a significant hemispheric asymmetrical effect.
Yihui Cai, Xinan Yue, Xu Zhou, Zhipeng Ren, Yong Wei, and Yongxin Pan
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 5009–5021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-5009-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-5009-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
On timescales longer than the solar cycle, secular changes in CO2 concentration and geomagnetic field play a key role in influencing the thermosphere. We performed four sets of ~12000-year control runs with the coupled thermosphere–ionosphere model to examine the effects of the geomagnetic field, CO2, and solar activity on thermospheric density and temperature, deepening our understanding of long-term changes in the thermosphere and making projections for future thermospheric changes.
Andrey V. Koval, Olga N. Toptunova, Maxim A. Motsakov, Ksenia A. Didenko, Tatiana S. Ermakova, Nikolai M. Gavrilov, and Eugene V. Rozanov
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 4105–4114, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-4105-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-4105-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Periodic changes in all hydrodynamic parameters are constantly observed in the atmosphere. The amplitude of these fluctuations increases with height due to a decrease in the atmospheric density. In the upper layers of the atmosphere, waves are the dominant form of motion. We use a model of the general circulation of the atmosphere to study the contribution to the formation of the dynamic and temperature regimes of the middle and upper atmosphere made by different global-scale atmospheric waves.
Nikolai M. Gavrilov, Sergey P. Kshevetskii, and Andrey V. Koval
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 13713–13724, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-13713-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-13713-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We make high-resolution simulations of poorly understood decays of nonlinear atmospheric acoustic–gravity waves (AGWs) after deactivations of the wave forcing. The standard deviations of AGW perturbations, after fast dispersions of traveling modes, experience slower exponential decreases. AGW decay times are estimated for the first time and are 20–100 h in the stratosphere and mesosphere. This requires slow, quasi-standing and secondary modes in parameterizations of AGW impacts to be considered.
Yetao Cen, Chengyun Yang, Tao Li, James M. Russell III, and Xiankang Dou
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 7861–7874, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-7861-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-7861-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The MLT DW1 amplitude is suppressed during El Niño winters in both satellite observation and SD-WACCM simulations. The suppressed Hough mode (1, 1) in the tropopause region propagates vertically to the MLT region, leading to decreased DW1 amplitude. The latitudinal zonal wind shear anomalies during El Niño winters would narrow the waveguide and prevent the vertical propagation of DW1. The gravity wave drag excited by ENSO-induced anomalous convection could also modulate the MLT DW1 amplitude.
John P. McCormack, V. Lynn Harvey, Cora E. Randall, Nicholas Pedatella, Dai Koshin, Kaoru Sato, Lawrence Coy, Shingo Watanabe, Fabrizio Sassi, and Laura A. Holt
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 17577–17605, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-17577-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-17577-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
In order to have confidence in atmospheric predictions, it is important to know how well different numerical model simulations of the Earth’s atmosphere agree with one another. This work compares four different data assimilation models that extend to or beyond the mesosphere. Results shown here demonstrate that while the models are in close agreement below ~50 km, large differences arise at higher altitudes in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere that will need to be reconciled in the future.
Jianfei Wu, Wuhu Feng, Han-Li Liu, Xianghui Xue, Daniel Robert Marsh, and John Maurice Campbell Plane
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 15619–15630, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-15619-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-15619-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Metal layers occur in the MLT region (80–120 km) from the ablation of cosmic dust. The latest lidar observations show these metals can reach a height approaching 200 km, which is challenging to explain. We have developed the first global simulation incorporating the full life cycle of metal atoms and ions. The model results compare well with lidar and satellite observations of the seasonal and diurnal variation of the metals and demonstrate the importance of ion mass and ion-neutral coupling.
Viktoria J. Nordström and Annika Seppälä
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 12835–12853, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-12835-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-12835-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The winter winds over Antarctica form a stable vortex. However, in 2019 the vortex was disrupted and the temperature in the polar stratosphere rose by 50°C. This event, called a sudden stratospheric warming, is a rare event in the Southern Hemisphere, with the only known major event having taken place in 2002. The 2019 event helps us unravel its causes, which are largely unknown. We have discovered a unique behaviour of the equatorial winds in 2002 and 2019 that may signal an impending SH SSW.
Shican Qiu, Ning Wang, Willie Soon, Gaopeng Lu, Mingjiao Jia, Xingjin Wang, Xianghui Xue, Tao Li, and Xiankang Dou
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 11927–11940, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-11927-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-11927-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Our results suggest that lightning strokes would probably influence the ionosphere and thus give rise to the occurrence of a sporadic sodium layer (NaS), with the overturning of the electric field playing an important role. Model simulation results show that the calculated first-order rate coefficient could explain the efficient recombination of Na+→Na in this NaS case study. A conjunction between the lower and upper atmospheres could be established by these inter-connected phenomena.
Christoph Franzen, Patrick Joseph Espy, and Robert Edward Hibbins
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 333–343, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-333-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-333-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Ground-based observations of the hydroxyl (OH) airglow have indicated that the rotational energy levels may not be in thermal equilibrium with the surrounding gas. Here we use simulations of the OH airglow to show that temperature changes across the extended airglow layer, either climatological or those temporarily caused by atmospheric waves, can mimic this effect for thermalized OH. Thus, these must be considered in order to quantify the non-thermal nature of the OH airglow.
Ryosuke Shibuya and Kaoru Sato
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 3395–3415, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-3395-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-3395-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
The first long-term simulation using the high-top non-hydrostatic general circulation model (NICAM) was executed to analyze mesospheric gravity waves. A new finding in this paper is that the spectrum of the vertical fluxes of the zonal momentum has an isolated peak at frequencies slightly lower than f at latitudes from 30 to 75° S at a height of 70 km. This study discusses the physical mechanism for an explanation of the existence of the isolated spectrum peak in the mesosphere.
Friederike Lilienthal, Christoph Jacobi, and Christoph Geißler
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 15725–15742, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-15725-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-15725-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
The terdiurnal solar tide is an atmospheric wave, owing to the daily variation of solar heating with a period of 8 h. Here, we present model simulations of this tide and investigate the relative importance of possible forcing mechanisms because they are still under debate. These are, besides direct solar heating, nonlinear interactions between other tides and gravity wave–tide interactions. As a result, solar heating is most important and nonlinear effects partly counteract this forcing.
Francie Schmidt, Gerd Baumgarten, Uwe Berger, Jens Fiedler, and Franz-Josef Lübken
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 8893–8908, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-8893-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-8893-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Local time variations of polar mesospheric clouds (PMCs) in the Northern Hemisphere are studied using a combination of a global circulation model and a microphysical model. We investigate the brightness, altitude, and occurrence of the clouds and find a good agreement between model and observations. The variations are caused by tidal structures in background parameters. The temperature varies by about 2 K and water vapor by about 3 ppmv at the altitude of ice particle sublimation near 81.5 km.
Maartje Sanne Kuilman and Bodil Karlsson
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 4217–4228, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-4217-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-4217-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
In this study, we investigate the role of the winter residual circulation in the summer mesopause region using the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model. In addition, we study the role of the summer stratosphere in shaping the conditions of the summer polar mesosphere. We strengthen the evidence that the variability in the summer mesopause region is mainly driven by changes in the summer mesosphere rather than in the summer stratosphere.
Sheng-Yang Gu, Han-Li Liu, Xiankang Dou, and Tao Li
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 4885–4896, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-4885-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-4885-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
The influences of sudden stratospheric warming in the Northern Hemisphere on quasi-2-day waves are studied with both observations and simulations. We found the energy of W3 is transferred to W2 through the nonlinear interaction with SPW1 and the instability at winter mesopause could provide additional amplification for W3. The summer easterly is enhanced during SSW, which is more favorable for the propagation of quasi-2-day waves.
S. Kowalewski, C. von Savigny, M. Palm, I. C. McDade, and J. Notholt
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 10193–10210, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-10193-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-10193-2014, 2014
Shoujuan Shu, Fuqing Zhang, Jie Ming, and Yuan Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 6329–6342, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-6329-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-6329-2014, 2014
S. Palit, T. Basak, S. K. Mondal, S. Pal, and S. K. Chakrabarti
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 9159–9168, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-9159-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-9159-2013, 2013
M. T. Montgomery and R. K. Smith
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 4001–4009, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-4001-2012, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-4001-2012, 2012
C. G. Hoffmann, D. E. Kinnison, R. R. Garcia, M. Palm, J. Notholt, U. Raffalski, and G. Hochschild
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 3261–3271, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-3261-2012, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-3261-2012, 2012
Cited articles
Andrews, D. G., Holton, J. R., and Leovy, C. B.: Middle Atmosphere Dynamics, Elsevier, New York, USA, 489 pp., ISBN 0-12-058576-6, 1987.
Beres, J. H., Garcia, R. R., Boville, B. A., and Sassi, F.: Implementation of a gravity wave source spectrum parameterization dependent on the properties of convection in the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model (WACCM), J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 110, D10108, https://doi.org/10.1029/2004jd005504, 2005.
Brakebusch, M., Randall, C. E., Kinnison, D. E., Tilmes, S., Santee, M. L., and Manney, G. L.: Evaluation of Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model simulations of ozone during Arctic winter 2004–2005, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 118, 2673–2688, https://doi.org/10.1002/jgrd.50226, 2013.
Chandran, A., Garcia, R. R., Collins, R. L., and Chang, L. C.: Secondary planetary waves in the middle and upper atmosphere following the stratospheric sudden warming event of January 2012, Geophys. Res. Lett., 40, 1861–1867, https://doi.org/10.1002/grl.50373, 2013.
Charron, M. and Manzini, E.: Gravity waves from fronts: Parameterization and middle atmosphere response in a general circulation model, J. Atmos. Sci., 59, 923–941, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(2002)059<0923:gwffpa>2.0.co;2, 2002.
Cohen, N. Y., Gerber, E. P. and Bühler, O.: Compensation between resolved and unresolved wave driving in the stratosphere: Implications for downward control, J. Atmos. Sci., 70, 3780–3798, https://doi.org/10.1175/jas-d-12-0346.1, 2013.
Danabasoglu, G., Lamarque, J. -F., Bacmeister, J., Bailey, D. A., DuVivier, A. K., Edwards, J., Emmons, L. K., Fasullo, J., Garcia, R., Gettelman, A., Hannay, C., Holland, M. M., Large, W. G., Lauritzen, P. H., Lawrence, D. M., Lenaerts, J. T. M., Lindsay, K., Lipscomb, W. H., Mills, M. J., Neale, R., Oleson, K. W., Otto-Bliesner, B., Phillips, A. S., Sacks, W., Tilmes, S., Kampenhout, L., Vertenstein, M., Bertini, A., Dennis, J., Deser, C., Fischer, C., Fox-Kemper, B., Kay, J. E., Kinnison, D., Kushner, P. J., Larson, V. E., Long, M. C., Mickelson, S., Moore, J. K., Nienhouse, E., Polvani, L., Rasch, P. J., and Strand, W. G.: The Community Earth System Model Version 2 (CESM2), J. Adv. Model. Earth. Sy., 12, e2019MS001916, https://doi.org/10.1029/2019ms001916, 2020.
Day, K. A. and Mitchell, N. J.: The 5-day wave in the Arctic and Antarctic mesosphere and lower thermosphere, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 115, 1984–2012, https://doi.org/10.1029/2009jd012545, 2010.
Edmon, H. J., Hoskins, B. J., and McIntyre, M. E.: Eliassen-Palm cross sections for the troposphere, J. Atmos. Sci., 37, 2600–2616, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(1980)037<2600:epcsft>2.0.co;2, 1980.
Egito, F., Takahashi, H., and Miyoshi, Y.: Effects of the planetary waves on the MLT airglow, Ann. Geophys., 35, 1023–1032, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-35-1023-2017, 2017.
Eswaraiah, S., Kim, Y. H., Hong, J., Kim, J.-H., Ratnam, M. V., Chandran, A., Rao, S. V. B., and Riggin, D.: Mesospheric signatures observed during 2010 minor stratospheric warming at King Sejong Station (62° S, 59° W), J. Atmos. Sol-Terr. Phy., 140, 55–64, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jastp.2016.02.007, 2016.
Eswaraiah, S., Ratnam, M. V., Kim, Y. H., Kumar, K. N., Chalapathi, G. V., Ramanajaneyulu, L., Lee, J., Prasanth, P. V., Thyagarajan, K., and Rao, S. V. B.: Advanced meteor radar observations of mesospheric dynamics during 2017 minor SSW over the tropical region, Adv. Space. Res., 64, 1940–1947, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asr.2019.05.039, 2019.
Eyring, V., Lamarque, J. F., Hess, P., Arfeuille, F., Bowman, K., Chipperfiel, M. P., Duncan, B., Fiore, A., Gettelman, A., Giorgetta, M. A., Granier, C., Hegglin, M., Kinnison, D., Kunze, M., Langematz, U., Luo, B., Martin, R., Matthes, K., Newman, P. A., Peter, T., Robock, A., Ryerson, T., Saiz-Lopez, A., Salawitch, R., Schultz, M., Shepherd, T. G., Shindell, D., Staehelin, J., Tegtmeier, S., Thomason, L., Tilmes, S., Vernier, J. P., Waugh, D., and Young, P. Y.: Overview of IGAC/SPARC Chemistry-Climate Model Initiative (CCMI) community simulations in support of upcoming ozone and climate assessments, SPARC newsletter, 40, 48–66, https://oceanrep.geomar.de/id/eprint/20227 (last access: March 2024), 2013.
Forbes, J. M. and Zhang, X.: Quasi-10-day wave in the atmosphere, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 120, 11079–11089, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015jd023327, 2015.
Forbes, J. M. and Zhang, X.: The quasi-6 day wave and its interactions with solar tides, J. Geophys. Res.-Space, 122, 4764–4776, https://doi.org/10.1002/2017ja023954, 2017.
Forbes, J. M., Hagan, M. E., Miyahara, S., Vial, F., Manson, A. H., Meek, C. E., and Portnyagin, Y. I.: Quasi 16-day oscillation in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 100, 9149–9163, https://doi.org/10.1029/94jd02157, 1995.
Forbes, J. M., Zhang, X., Heelis, R., Stoneback, R., Englert, C. R., Harlander, J. M., Harding, B. J., Marr, K. D., Makela, J. J., and Immel, T. J.: Atmosphere-Ionosphere (A-I) coupling as viewed by ICON: Day-to-day variability due to planetary wave (PW)-tide interactions, J. Geophys. Res.-Space, 126, e2020JA028927, https://doi.org/10.1029/2020ja028927, 2021.
Fujiwara, M., Wright, J. S., Manney, G. L., Gray, L. J., Anstey, J., Birner, T., Davis, S., Gerber, E. P., Harvey, V. L., Hegglin, M. I., Homeyer, C. R., Knox, J. A., Krüger, K., Lambert, A., Long, C. S., Martineau, P., Molod, A., Monge-Sanz, B. M., Santee, M. L., Tegtmeier, S., Chabrillat, S., Tan, D. G. H., Jackson, D. R., Polavarapu, S., Compo, G. P., Dragani, R., Ebisuzaki, W., Harada, Y., Kobayashi, C., McCarty, W., Onogi, K., Pawson, S., Simmons, A., Wargan, K., Whitaker, J. S., and Zou, C.-Z.: Introduction to the SPARC Reanalysis Intercomparison Project (S-RIP) and overview of the reanalysis systems, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 1417–1452, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-1417-2017, 2017.
Gan, Q., Oberheide, J., and Pedatella, N. M.: Sources, sinks, and propagation characteristics of the quasi 6-day wave and its impact on the residual mean circulation, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 123, 9152–9170, https://doi.org/10.1029/2018jd028553, 2018.
Gelaro, R., McCarty, W., Suárez, M. J., Todling, R., Molod, A., Takacs, L., Randles, C. A., Darmenov, A., Bosilovich, M. G., Reichle, R., Wargan, K., Coy, L., Cullather, R., Draper, C., Akella, S., Buchard, V., Conaty, A., Silva, A. M. da, Gu, W., Kim, G.-K., Koster, R., Lucchesi, R., Merkova, D., Nielsen, J. E., Partyka, G., Pawson, S., Putman, W., Rienecker, M., Schubert, S. D., Sienkiewicz, M., and Zhao, B.: The Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications, Version 2 (MERRA-2), J. Climate, 30, 5419–5454, https://doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-16-0758.1, 2017.
Goncharenko, L. P., Harvey, V. L., Greer, K. R., Zhang, S.-R., and Coster, A. J.: Longitudinally dependent low-latitude ionospheric disturbances linked to the Antarctic sudden stratospheric warming of September 2019, J. Geophys. Res.-Space, 125, e2020JA028199, https://doi.org/10.1029/2020ja028199, 2020.
Harvey, V. L., Randall, C. E., Becker, E., Smith, A. K., Bardeen, C. G., France, J. A., and Goncharenko, L. P.: Evaluation of the mesospheric polar vortices in WACCM, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 124, 10626–10645, https://doi.org/10.1029/2019jd030727, 2019.
Harvey, V. L., Knox, J. A., France, J. A., Fujiwara, M., Gray, L., Hirooka, T., Hitchcock, P., Hitchman, M., Kawatani, Y., Manney, G. L., McCormack, J., Orsolini, Y., Sakazaki, T., and Tomikawa, Y.: Chapter 11: Upper Stratosphere and Lower Mesosphere, SPARC Reanalysis Intercomparison Project (S-RIP) Final Report, edited by: Fujiwara, M., Manney, G. L., Gray, L. J., and Wright, J. S., SPARC Report No. 10, WCRP-6/2021, SPARC, DLR-IPA, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany, https://doi.org/10.17874/800dee57d13, 2021.
He, M., Chau, J. L., Stober, G., Li, G., Ning, B., and Hoffmann, P.: Relations between semidiurnal tidal variants through diagnosing the zonal wavenumber using a phase differencing technique based on two ground-based detectors, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 123, 4015–4026, https://doi.org/10.1002/2018jd028400, 2018.
He, M., Chau, J. L., Forbes, J. M., Thorsen, D., Li, G., Siddiqui, T. A., Yamazaki, Y., and Hocking, W. K.: Quasi-10-day wave and semidiurnal tide nonlinear interactions during the Southern Hemispheric SSW 2019 observed in the Northern Hemispheric mesosphere, Geophys. Res. Lett., 47, e2020GL091453, https://doi.org/10.1029/2020gl091453, 2020a.
He, M., Yamazaki, Y., Hoffmann, P., Hall, C. M., Tsutsumi, M., Li, G., and Chau, J. L.: Zonal wave number diagnosis of Rossby wave-like oscillations using paired ground-based radars, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 125, e2019JD031599, https://doi.org/10.1029/2019jd031599, 2020b.
Hirooka, T.: Normal mode Rossby waves as revealed by UARS/ISAMS observations, J. Atmos. Sci., 57, 1277–1285, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(2000)057<1277:NMRWAR>2.0.CO;2, 2000.
Holdsworth, D. A., Murphy, D. J., Reid, I. M., and Morris, R. J.: Antarctic meteor observations using the Davis MST and meteor radars, Adv. Space Res., 42, 143–154, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asr.2007.02.037, 2008.
Huang, C., Zhang, S., Chen, G., Zhang, S., and Huang, K.: Planetary wave characteristics in the lower atmosphere over Xianghe (117.00° E, 39.77° N), China, revealed by the Beijing MST radar and MERRA data, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 122, 9745–9758, https://doi.org/10.1002/2017jd027029, 2017.
Huang, C., Li, W., Zhang, S., Chen, G., Huang, K., and Gong, Y.: Investigation of dominant traveling 10-day wave components using long-term MERRA-2 database, Earth Planets Space, 73, 85, https://doi.org/10.1186/s40623-021-01410-7, 2021.
Huang, Y.-Y., Cui, J., Li, H.-J., and Li, C.-Y.: Inter-annual variations of 6.5-day planetary waves and their relations with QBO, Earth Planet. Phys., 6, 135–148, https://doi.org/10.26464/epp2022005, 2022.
Jablonowski, C. and Williamson, D. L.: Numerical techniques for global atmospheric models, Lect. Notes Comput. Sci. Eng., 80, 381–493, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-11640-7_13, 2011.
Korea Polar Research Institute (KOPRI): Neutral wind and temperature from Meteor Radar, King Sejong Station, Antarctica, 2012, Korea Polar Data Center (KPDC) [data set], https://doi.org/10.22663/KOPRI-KPDC-00000305.2, 2013.
Korea Polar Research Institute (KOPRI): Neutral wind and temperature from Meteor Radar, King Sejong Station, Antarctica, 2014, Korea Polar Data Center (KPDC) [data set], https://doi.org/10.22663/KOPRI-KPDC-00000502.2, 2014.
Korea Polar Research Institute (KOPRI): Neutral wind and temperature from Meteor Radar, King Sejong Station, Antarctica, 2015, Korea Polar Data Center (KPDC) [data set], https://doi.org/10.22663/KOPRI-KPDC-00000567.2, 2015.
Korea Polar Research Institute (KOPRI): Neutral wind and temperature from Meteor Radar, King Sejong Station, Antarctica, 2016, Korea Polar Data Center (KPDC) [data set], https://doi.org/10.22663/KOPRI-KPDC-00000823.4, 2017.
Korea Polar Research Institute (KOPRI): Neutral wind and temperature from Meteor Radar, King Sejong Station, Antarctica, 2013, Korea Polar Data Center (KPDC) [data set], https://doi.org/10.22663/KOPRI-KPDC-00001678.5, 2021.
Lee, W., Kim, Y. H., Lee, C., and Wu, Q.: First comparison of mesospheric winds measured with a Fabry-Perot interferometer and meteor radar at the King Sejong Station (62.2° S, 58.8° W), J. Astron. Space Sci., 35, 235–242, https://doi.org/10.5140/JASS.2018.35.4.235, 2018.
Lee, W., Song, I., Kim, J., Kim, Y. H., Jeong, S., Eswaraiah, S., and Murphy, D. J.: The observation and SD-WACCM simulation of planetary wave activity in the middle atmosphere during the 2019 Southern Hemispheric sudden stratospheric warming, J. Geophys. Res.-Space, 126, e2020JA029094, https://doi.org/10.1029/2020ja029094, 2021.
Lee, W., Lee, C., Kim, J., Kam, H., and Kim, Y. H.: A modeling analysis of the apparent linear relation between mesospheric temperatures and meteor height distributions measured by a meteor radar, J. Geophys. Res.-Space, 127, e2021JA029812, https://doi.org/10.1029/2021ja029812, 2022.
Li, W., Huang, C., and Zhang, S.: Global characteristics of the westward-propagating quasi-16-day wave with zonal wavenumber 1 and the connection with the 2012/2013 SSW revealed by ERA-Interim, Earth Planets Space, 73, 113, https://doi.org/10.1186/s40623-021-01431-2, 2021.
Lindzen, R. S., Farrell, B., and Tung, K.-K.: The concept of wave overreflection and its application to baroclinic instability, J. Atmos. Sci., 37, 44–63, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(1980)037<0044:tcowoa>2.0.co;2, 1980.
Liu, G., Janches, D., Lieberman, R. S., Moffat-Griffin, T., Mitchell, N. J., Kim, J., and Lee, C.: Wind variations in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere near 60° S latitude during the 2019 Antarctic sudden stratospheric warming, J. Geophys. Res.-Space, 126, e2020JA028909, https://doi.org/10.1029/2020ja028909, 2021.
Liu, G., Janches, D., Ma, J., Lieberman, R. S., Stober, G., Moffat-Griffin, T., Mitchell, N. J., Kim, J., Lee, C., and Murphy, D. J.: Mesosphere and lower thermosphere winds and tidal variations during the 2019 Antarctic sudden stratospheric warming, J. Geophys. Res.-Space, 127, e2021JA030177, https://doi.org/10.1029/2021ja030177, 2022.
Luo, J., Gong, Y., Ma, Z., Zhang, S., Zhou, Q., Huang, C., Huang, K., Yu, Y., and Li, G.: Study of the quasi 10-day waves in the MLT region during the 2018 February SSW by a meteor radar chain, J. Geophys. Res.-Space, 126, e2020JA028367, https://doi.org/10.1029/2020ja028367, 2021.
Ma, Z., Gong, Y., Zhang, S., Xiao, Q., Xue, J., Huang, C., and Huang, K.: Understanding the excitation of quasi-6-day waves in both hemispheres during the September 2019 Antarctic SSW, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 127, e2021JD035984, https://doi.org/10.1029/2021jd035984, 2022.
Marsh, D. R., Mills, M. J., Kinnison, D. E., Lamarque, J.-F., Calvo, N., and Polvani, L. M.: Climate change from 1850 to 2005 simulated in CESM1(WACCM), J. Climate, 26, 130509150556003, https://doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-12-00558.1, 2013.
Matsuno, T.: Vertical propagation of stationary planetary waves in the winter Northern Hemisphere, J. Atmos. Sci., 27, 871–883, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(1970)027<0871:vpospw>2.0.co;2, 1970.
Matthias, V. and Ern, M.: On the origin of the mesospheric quasi-stationary planetary waves in the unusual Arctic winter 2015/2016, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 4803–4815, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-4803-2018, 2018.
Matthias, V., Hoffmann, P., Rapp, M., and Baumgarten, G.: Composite analysis of the temporal development of waves in the polar MLT region during stratospheric warmings, J. Atmos. Sol.-Terr. Phys., 90, 86–96, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jastp.2012.04.004, 2012.
McCormack, J. P., Harvey, V. L., Randall, C. E., Pedatella, N., Koshin, D., Sato, K., Coy, L., Watanabe, S., Sassi, F., and Holt, L. A.: Intercomparison of middle atmospheric meteorological analyses for the Northern Hemisphere winter 2009–2010, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 17577–17605, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-17577-2021, 2021.
McFarlane, N. A.: The effect of orographically excited gravity wave drag on the general circulation of the lower stratosphere and troposphere, J. Atmos. Sci., 44, 1775–1800, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(1987)044<1775:teooeg>2.0.co;2, 1987.
Meyer, C. K. and Forbes, J. M.: A 6.5-day westward propagating planetary wave: Origin and characteristics, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 102, 26173–26178, https://doi.org/10.1029/97jd01464, 1997.
Mitra, G., Guharay, A., Batista, P. P., and Buriti, R. A.: Impact of the September 2019 minor sudden stratospheric warming on the low-latitude middle atmospheric planetary wave dynamics, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 127, e2021JD035538, https://doi.org/10.1029/2021jd035538, 2022.
Murphy, D. J.: Davis 33MHz Meteor Detection Radar Winds, Ver. 1, Australian Antarctic Data Centre [data set], https://data.aad.gov.au/metadata/Davis_33MHz_Meteor_Radar (last access: March 2024), 2017.
NCAR: Community Earth System Model 2, National Center for Atmospheric Research [code], https://www.cesm.ucar.edu/models/cesm2 (last access: March 2024), 2024.
NCAR/UCAR: MERRA2 Global Atmosphere Forcing Data, Atmospheric Chemistry Observations & Modeling/National Center for Atmospheric Research/University Corporation for Atmospheric Research, and Climate and Global Dynamics Division/National Center for Atmospheric Research/University Corporation for Atmospheric Research, Research Data Archive at the National Center for Atmospheric Research, Computational and Information Systems Laboratory [data set], https://doi.org/10.5065/XVAQ-2X07, 2018.
Palmer, T. N.: Properties of the Eliassen-Palm flux for planetary scale motions, J. Atmos. Sci., 39, 992–997, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(1982)039<0992:potepf>2.0.co;2, 1982.
Qin, Y., Gu, S., Dou, X., Gong, Y., Chen, G., Zhang, S., and Wu, Q.: Climatology of the quasi-6-day wave in the mesopause region and its modulations on total electron content during 2003–2017, J. Geophys. Res.-Space, 124, 573–583, https://doi.org/10.1029/2018ja025981, 2019.
Qin, Y., Gu, S., Teng, C., Dou, X., Yu, Y., and Li, N.: Comprehensive study of the climatology of the quasi-6-day wave in the MLT region based on Aura/MLS observations and SD-WACCM-X simulations, J. Geophys. Res.-Space, 126, e2020JA028454, https://doi.org/10.1029/2020ja028454, 2021.
Qin, Y., Gu, S., Dou, X., Teng, C., Yang, Z., and Sun, R.: Southern Hemisphere response to the secondary planetary waves generated during the Arctic sudden stratospheric final warmings: Influence of the quasi-biennial oscillation, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 127, e2022JD037730, https://doi.org/10.1029/2022jd037730, 2022.
Reynolds, R. W., Rayner, N. A., Smith, T. M., Stokes, D. C., and Wang, W.: An improved in situ and satellite SST analysis for climate, J. Climate, 15, 1609–1625, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0442(2002)015<1609:aiisas>2.0.co;2, 2002.
Rhodes, C. T., Limpasuvan, V., and Orsolini, Y. J.: Eastward-propagating planetary waves prior to the January 2009 sudden stratospheric warming, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 126, e2020JD033696, https://doi.org/10.1029/2020jd033696, 2021.
Richter, J. H., Sassi, F., and Garcia, R. R.: Toward a physically based gravity wave source parameterization in a general circulation model, J. Atmos. Sci., 67, 136–156, https://doi.org/10.1175/2009jas3112.1, 2010.
Salby, M. L.: Rossby normal modes in nonuniform background configurations. Part I: Simple fields, J. Atmos. Sci., 38, 1803–1826, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(1981)038<1803:rnminb>2.0.co;2, 1981a.
Salby, M. L.: Rossby normal modes in nonuniform background configurations. Part II. Equinox and solstice conditions, J. Atmos. Sci., 38, 1827–1840, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(1981)038<1827:rnminb>2.0.co;2, 1981b.
Salby, M. L.: Survey of planetary-scale traveling waves: The state of theory and observations, Rev. Geophys., 22, 209–236, https://doi.org/10.1029/rg022i002p00209, 1984.
Sassi, F. and Liu, H.-L.: Westward traveling planetary wave events in the lower thermosphere during solar minimum conditions simulated by SD-WACCM-X, J. Atmos. Sol.-Terr. Phys., 119, 11–26, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jastp.2014.06.009, 2014.
Sassi, F., McCormack, J. P., Tate, J. L., Kuhl, D. D., and Baker, N. L.: Assessing the impact of middle atmosphere observations on day-to-day variability in lower thermospheric winds using WACCM-X, J. Atmos. Sol.-Terr. Phys., 212, 105486, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jastp.2020.105486, 2021.
Sato, K., Yasui, R., and Miyoshi, Y.: The momentum budget in the stratosphere, mesosphere, and lower thermosphere. Part I: Contributions of different wave types and in situ generation of Rossby waves, J. Atmos. Sci., 75, 3613–3633, https://doi.org/10.1175/jas-d-17-0336.1, 2018.
Schwartz, M., Livesey, N., and Read, W.: MLS/Aura Level 2 Temperature V005, Greenbelt, MD, USA, Goddard Earth Sciences Data and Information Services Center (GES DISC) [data set], https://doi.org/10.5067/Aura/MLS/DATA2520, 2020.
Schwartz, M. J., Lambert, A., Manney, G. L., Read, W. G., Livesey, N. J., Froidevaux, L., Ao, C. O., Bernath, P. F., Boone, C. D., Cofield, R. E., Daffer, W. H., Drouin, B. J., Fetzer, E. J., Fuller, R. A., Jarnot, R. F., Jiang, J. H., Jiang, Y. B., Knosp, B. W., Krüger, K., Li, J. -L. F., Mlynczak, M. G., Pawson, S., Russell, J. M., Santee, M. L., Snyder, W. V., Stek, P. C., Thurstans, R. P., Tompkins, A. M., Wagner, P. A., Walker, K. A., Waters, J. W., and Wu, D. L.: Validation of the Aura Microwave Limb Sounder temperature and geopotential height measurements, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 113, D15S11, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007jd008783, 2008.
Song, B.-G., Chun, H.-Y., and Song, I.-S.: Role of gravity waves in a vortex-split sudden stratospheric warming in January 2009, J. Atmos. Sci., 77, 3321–3342, https://doi.org/10.1175/jas-d-20-0039.1, 2020.
Thorncroft, C. D., Hoskins, B. J., and McIntyre, M. E.: Two paradigms of baroclinic-wave life-cycle behaviour, Q. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 119, 17–55, https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.49711950903, 1993.
Torrence, C. and Compo, G. P.: A practical guide to wavelet analysis, B. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 79, 61–78, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0477(1998)079<0061:apgtwa>2.0.co;2, 1998.
Walker, S. N., Sahraoui, F., Balikhin, M. A., Belmont, G., Pinçon, J. L., Rezeau, L., Alleyne, H., Cornilleau-Wehrlin, N., and André, M.: A comparison of wave mode identification techniques, Ann. Geophys., 22, 3021–3032, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-22-3021-2004, 2004.
Wang, J. C., Palo, S. E., Forbes, J. M., Marino, J., Moffat-Griffin, T., and Mitchell, N. J.: Unusual Quasi 10-Day Planetary wave activity and the ionospheric response during the 2019 Southern Hemisphere sudden Stratospheric Warming, J. Geophys. Res.-Space, 126, e2021JA029286, https://doi.org/10.1029/2021ja029286, 2021.
Yamazaki, Y. and Matthias, V.: Large-amplitude quasi-10-day waves in the middle atmosphere during final warmings, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 124, 9874–9892, https://doi.org/10.1029/2019jd030634, 2019.
Yin, S., Ma, Z., Gong, Y., Zhang, S., and Li, G.: Response of quasi-10-day waves in the MLT region to the sudden stratospheric warming in March 2020, Adv. Space Res., 71, 298–305, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asr.2022.10.054, 2023.
Short summary
We investigate the seasonal variation of westward-propagating quasi-10 d wave (Q10DW) activity in the southern high-latitude mesosphere. The observed Q10DW is amplified around equinoxes. The model experiments indicate that the Q10DW can be enhanced in the high-latitude mesosphere due to large-scale instability. However, an excessively strong instability in the summer mesosphere spuriously generates the Q10DW in the model, potentially leading to inaccurate model dynamics.
We investigate the seasonal variation of westward-propagating quasi-10 d wave (Q10DW) activity...
Altmetrics
Final-revised paper
Preprint