Articles | Volume 23, issue 5
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-2997-2023
© Author(s) 2023. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-2997-2023
© Author(s) 2023. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Measurement report
| 
07 Mar 2023
Measurement report |
| 07 Mar 2023
| 07 Mar 2023
Measurement report: Production and loss of atmospheric formaldehyde at a suburban site of Shanghai in summertime
Yizhen Wu
Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and
Prevention (LAP³), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Jiangwan Campus, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
Juntao Huo
Shanghai Environmental Monitoring Center, Shanghai 200030, China
Gan Yang
Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and
Prevention (LAP³), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Jiangwan Campus, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
Yuwei Wang
Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and
Prevention (LAP³), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Jiangwan Campus, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
Lihong Wang
Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and
Prevention (LAP³), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Jiangwan Campus, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
Shijian Wu
Shanghai Environmental Monitoring Center, Shanghai 200030, China
Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and
Prevention (LAP³), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Jiangwan Campus, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
Shanghai Environmental Monitoring Center, Shanghai 200030, China
Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and
Prevention (LAP³), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Jiangwan Campus, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
Collaborative Innovation Center of Climate Change, Nanjing 210023,
China
Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security,
Shanghai 200092, China
IRDR International Center of Excellence on Risk Interconnectivity and Governance on Weather/Climate Extremes Impact and Public Health, Fudan
University, Shanghai 200438, China
National Observations and Research Station for Wetland Ecosystems
of the Yangtze Estuary, Shanghai, China
Related authors
No articles found.
Ying Zhang, Yuwei Wang, Chuang Li, Yueyang Li, Sijia Yin, Megan S. Claflin, Brian M. Lerner, Douglas Worsnop, and Lin Wang
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 18, 3547–3568, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-18-3547-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-18-3547-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
This study provides insight into how individual ions measured by proton-transfer-reaction (PTR) mass spectrometry are produced by multiple volatile organic compounds (VOCs). A reference table is provided for attributing the PTR signal to contributing VOC species. The signals are grouped according to the complexity of their potential identities. We find that a number of signal ions such as C6H7+ for benzene and C5H9+ for isoprene merely give an upper limit of their corresponding concentrations.
Jiaqi Jin, Runlong Cai, Yiliang Liu, Gan Yang, Yueyang Li, Chuang Li, Lei Yao, Jingkun Jiang, Xiuhui Zhang, and Lin Wang
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-2787, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-2787, 2025
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (ACP).
Short summary
Short summary
Based on observed atmospheric new particle formation events at multiple sites in eastern China, we find that the dominant nucleation mechanism in this region is sulfuric acid-dimethylamine and the differences in the nucleation intensity among campaigns can be largely attributed to temperature and precursor concentrations. Our results also show that oxygenated organic molecules can make a great contribution to the initial growth of freshly nucleated particles in the real atmosphere.
Zheng Li, Gehui Wang, Binyu Xiao, Rongjie Li, Can Wu, Shaojun Lv, Feng Wu, Qingyan Fu, and Yusen Duan
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-654, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-654, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Gas-to-aerosol partitioning of organics were investigated in Shanghai during 2023 dust storm period. We found the partitioning coefficients (Fp) of WSOCs in DS were comparable to those during a haze episode (HE), and aerosol liquid water content primarily drove Fp variation in HE, while pH was the dominant factor in DS. Moreover, an enhanced light absorption of Asian dust by brown carbon, mainly in coarse mode, formation was revealed.
Chuang Li, Lei Yao, Yuwei Wang, Mingliang Fang, Xiaojia Chen, Lihong Wang, Yueyang Li, Gan Yang, and Lin Wang
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-607, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-607, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Our laboratory experiments revealed that abundant Cl-OOMs were formed from the reactions between Cl atoms and aromatics, and Cl-addition was identified as a non-negligible pathway for the formation of Cl-OOMs. Furthermore, many ambient Cl-OOMs potentially derived from Cl atoms and aromatics were measured in suburban Shanghai and most of them have adverse health effects. These findings provide critical insights into the formation mechanisms of Cl-OOMs in polluted settings.
Xiaofei Qin, Hao Li, Jia Chen, Junjie Wei, Hao Ding, Xiaohao Wang, Guochen Wang, Chengfeng Liu, Da Lu, Shengqian Zhou, Haowen Li, Yucheng Zhu, Ziwei Liu, Qingyan Fu, Juntao Huo, Yanfen Lin, Congrui Deng, Yisheng Zhang, and Kan Huang
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-623, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-623, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Mercury is a persistent toxic pollutant that has equally important anthropogenic and natural sources. This study developed a quantitative method on separating the anthropogenic and natural contributions of total gaseous mercury. The underlying impacts on the sea-air exchange fluxes of mercury are evaluated. The new method developed in this study can be reproducible in other regions and the findings are innovative in the field of mercury sources and biogeochemical cycles.
Shuai Wang, Mengyuan Zhang, Hui Zhao, Peng Wang, Sri Harsha Kota, Qingyan Fu, Cong Liu, and Hongliang Zhang
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 3565–3577, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-3565-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-3565-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Long-term, open-source, gap-free daily ground-level PM2.5 and PM10 datasets for India (LongPMInd) were reconstructed using a robust machine learning model to support health assessment and air quality management.
Zijun Zhang, Weiqi Xu, Yi Zhang, Wei Zhou, Xiangyu Xu, Aodong Du, Yinzhou Zhang, Hongqin Qiao, Ye Kuang, Xiaole Pan, Zifa Wang, Xueling Cheng, Lanzhong Liu, Qingyan Fu, Douglas R. Worsnop, Jie Li, and Yele Sun
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 8473–8488, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-8473-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-8473-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We investigated aerosol composition and sources and the interaction between secondary organic aerosol (SOA) and clouds at a regional mountain site in southeastern China. Clouds efficiently scavenge more oxidized SOA; however, cloud evaporation leads to the production of less oxidized SOA. The unexpectedly high presence of nitrate in aerosol particles indicates that nitrate formed in polluted areas has undergone interactions with clouds, significantly influencing the regional background site.
Yuwei Wang, Chuang Li, Ying Zhang, Yueyang Li, Gan Yang, Xueyan Yang, Yizhen Wu, Lei Yao, Hefeng Zhang, and Lin Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 7961–7981, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-7961-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-7961-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The formation and evolution mechanisms of aromatics-derived highly oxygenated organic molecules (HOMs) are essential to understand the formation of secondary organic aerosol pollution. Our conclusion highlights an underappreciated formation pathway of aromatics-derived HOMs and elucidates detailed formation mechanisms of certain HOMs, which advances our understanding of HOMs and potentially explains the existing gap between model prediction and ambient measurement of the HOMs' concentrations.
Shuai Wang, Mengyuan Zhang, Yueqi Gao, Peng Wang, Qingyan Fu, and Hongliang Zhang
Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 3617–3629, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-3617-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-3617-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Numerical models are widely used in air pollution modeling but suffer from significant biases. The machine learning model designed in this study shows high efficiency in identifying such biases. Meteorology (relative humidity and cloud cover), chemical composition (secondary organic components and dust aerosols), and emission sources (residential activities) are diagnosed as the main drivers of bias in modeling PM2.5, a typical air pollutant. The results will help to improve numerical models.
Song Gao, Yong Yang, Xiao Tong, Linyuan Zhang, Yusen Duan, Guigang Tang, Qiang Wang, Changqing Lin, Qingyan Fu, Lipeng Liu, and Lingning Meng
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 16, 5709–5723, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-5709-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-5709-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We optimized and conducted an experimental program for the real-time monitoring of non-methane hydrocarbon instruments using the direct method. Changing the enrichment and specially designed columns further improved the test effect. The results correct the measurement errors that have prevailed for many years and can lay a foundation for the evaluation of volatile organic compounds in the regional ambient air and provide direction for the measurement of low-concentration ambient air pollutants.
Da Lu, Hao Li, Mengke Tian, Guochen Wang, Xiaofei Qin, Na Zhao, Juntao Huo, Fan Yang, Yanfen Lin, Jia Chen, Qingyan Fu, Yusen Duan, Xinyi Dong, Congrui Deng, Sabur F. Abdullaev, and Kan Huang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 13853–13868, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-13853-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-13853-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Environmental conditions during dust are usually not favorable for secondary aerosol formation. However in this study, an unusual dust event was captured in a Chinese mega-city and showed “anomalous” meteorology and a special dust backflow transport pathway. The underlying formation mechanisms of secondary aerosols are probed in the context of this special dust event. This study shows significant implications for the varying dust aerosol chemistry in the future changing climate.
Qianqian Gao, Shengqiang Zhu, Kaili Zhou, Jinghao Zhai, Shaodong Chen, Qihuang Wang, Shurong Wang, Jin Han, Xiaohui Lu, Hong Chen, Liwu Zhang, Lin Wang, Zimeng Wang, Xin Yang, Qi Ying, Hongliang Zhang, Jianmin Chen, and Xiaofei Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 13049–13060, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-13049-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-13049-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Dust is a major source of atmospheric aerosols. Its chemical composition is often assumed to be similar to the parent soil. However, this assumption has not been rigorously verified. Dust aerosols are mainly generated by wind erosion, which may have some chemical selectivity. Mn, Cd and Pb were found to be highly enriched in fine-dust (PM2.5) aerosols. In addition, estimation of heavy metal emissions from dust generation by air quality models may have errors without using proper dust profiles.
Meng Wang, Yusen Duan, Zhuozhi Zhang, Qi Yuan, Xinwei Li, Shuwen Han, Juntao Huo, Jia Chen, Yanfen Lin, Qingyan Fu, Tao Wang, Junji Cao, and Shun-cheng Lee
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 10313–10324, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-10313-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-10313-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Hourly elemental carbon (EC) and NOx were continuously measured for 5 years (2016–2020) at a sampling site near a highway in western Shanghai. We use a machine learning model to rebuild the measured EC and NOx, and a business-as-usual (BAU) scenario was assumed in 2020 and compared with the measured EC and NOx.
Changqin Yin, Jianming Xu, Wei Gao, Liang Pan, Yixuan Gu, Qingyan Fu, and Fan Yang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 1329–1343, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-1329-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-1329-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The particle matter (PM2.5) at the top of the 632 m high Shanghai Tower was found to be higher than the surface from June to October due to unexpected larger PM2.5 levels during early to middle afternoon at Shanghai Tower. We suppose the significant chemical production of secondary species existed in the mid-upper planetary boundary layer. We found a high nitrate concentration at the tower site for both daytime and nighttime in winter, implying efficient gas-phase and heterogeneous formation.
Xiaofei Qin, Shengqian Zhou, Hao Li, Guochen Wang, Cheng Chen, Chengfeng Liu, Xiaohao Wang, Juntao Huo, Yanfen Lin, Jia Chen, Qingyan Fu, Yusen Duan, Kan Huang, and Congrui Deng
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 15851–15865, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-15851-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-15851-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Using artificial neural network modeling and an explainable analysis approach, natural surface emissions (NSEs) were identified as a main driver of gaseous elemental mercury (GEM) variations during the COVID-19 lockdown. A sharp drop in GEM concentrations due to a significant reduction in anthropogenic emissions may disrupt the surface–air exchange balance of Hg, leading to increases in NSEs. This implies that NSEs may pose challenges to the future control of Hg pollution.
Meng Wang, Yusen Duan, Wei Xu, Qiyuan Wang, Zhuozhi Zhang, Qi Yuan, Xinwei Li, Shuwen Han, Haijie Tong, Juntao Huo, Jia Chen, Shan Gao, Zhongbiao Wu, Long Cui, Yu Huang, Guangli Xiu, Junji Cao, Qingyan Fu, and Shun-cheng Lee
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 12789–12802, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-12789-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-12789-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
In this study, we report the long-term measurement of organic carbon (OC) and elementary carbon (EC) in PM2.5 with hourly time resolution conducted at a regional site in Shanghai from 2016 to 2020. The results from this study provide critical information about the long-term trend of carbonaceous aerosol, in particular secondary OC, in one of the largest megacities in the world and are helpful for developing pollution control measures from a long-term planning perspective.
Chao Yan, Yicheng Shen, Dominik Stolzenburg, Lubna Dada, Ximeng Qi, Simo Hakala, Anu-Maija Sundström, Yishuo Guo, Antti Lipponen, Tom V. Kokkonen, Jenni Kontkanen, Runlong Cai, Jing Cai, Tommy Chan, Liangduo Chen, Biwu Chu, Chenjuan Deng, Wei Du, Xiaolong Fan, Xu-Cheng He, Juha Kangasluoma, Joni Kujansuu, Mona Kurppa, Chang Li, Yiran Li, Zhuohui Lin, Yiliang Liu, Yuliang Liu, Yiqun Lu, Wei Nie, Jouni Pulliainen, Xiaohui Qiao, Yonghong Wang, Yifan Wen, Ye Wu, Gan Yang, Lei Yao, Rujing Yin, Gen Zhang, Shaojun Zhang, Feixue Zheng, Ying Zhou, Antti Arola, Johanna Tamminen, Pauli Paasonen, Yele Sun, Lin Wang, Neil M. Donahue, Yongchun Liu, Federico Bianchi, Kaspar R. Daellenbach, Douglas R. Worsnop, Veli-Matti Kerminen, Tuukka Petäjä, Aijun Ding, Jingkun Jiang, and Markku Kulmala
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 12207–12220, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-12207-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-12207-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Atmospheric new particle formation (NPF) is a dominant source of atmospheric ultrafine particles. In urban environments, traffic emissions are a major source of primary pollutants, but their contribution to NPF remains under debate. During the COVID-19 lockdown, traffic emissions were significantly reduced, providing a unique chance to examine their relevance to NPF. Based on our comprehensive measurements, we demonstrate that traffic emissions alone are not able to explain the NPF in Beijing.
Yishuo Guo, Chao Yan, Yuliang Liu, Xiaohui Qiao, Feixue Zheng, Ying Zhang, Ying Zhou, Chang Li, Xiaolong Fan, Zhuohui Lin, Zemin Feng, Yusheng Zhang, Penggang Zheng, Linhui Tian, Wei Nie, Zhe Wang, Dandan Huang, Kaspar R. Daellenbach, Lei Yao, Lubna Dada, Federico Bianchi, Jingkun Jiang, Yongchun Liu, Veli-Matti Kerminen, and Markku Kulmala
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 10077–10097, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-10077-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-10077-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Gaseous oxygenated organic molecules (OOMs) are able to form atmospheric aerosols, which will impact on human health and climate change. Here, we find that OOMs in urban Beijing are dominated by anthropogenic sources, i.e. aromatic (29 %–41 %) and aliphatic (26 %–41 %) OOMs. They are also the main contributors to the condensational growth of secondary organic aerosols (SOAs). Therefore, the restriction on anthropogenic VOCs is crucial for the reduction of SOAs and haze formation.
Siman Ren, Lei Yao, Yuwei Wang, Gan Yang, Yiliang Liu, Yueyang Li, Yiqun Lu, Lihong Wang, and Lin Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 9283–9297, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-9283-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-9283-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We improved the empirical functions between volatility and chemical formulas of organic aerosols based on lab experiments and field observations. It was found that organic compounds in ambient aerosols can be divided into two groups according to their O / C ratios and that there should be specialized volatility parameterizations for different O / C organic compounds.
Han Zang, Yue Zhao, Juntao Huo, Qianbiao Zhao, Qingyan Fu, Yusen Duan, Jingyuan Shao, Cheng Huang, Jingyu An, Likun Xue, Ziyue Li, Chenxi Li, and Huayun Xiao
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 4355–4374, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-4355-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-4355-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Particulate nitrate plays an important role in wintertime haze pollution in eastern China, yet quantitative constraints on detailed nitrate formation mechanisms remain limited. Here we quantified the contributions of the heterogeneous N2O5 hydrolysis (66 %) and gas-phase OH + NO2 reaction (32 %) to nitrate formation in this region and identified the atmospheric oxidation capacity (i.e., availability of O3 and OH radicals) as the driving factor of nitrate formation from both processes.
Jing Cai, Cheng Wu, Jiandong Wang, Wei Du, Feixue Zheng, Simo Hakala, Xiaolong Fan, Biwu Chu, Lei Yao, Zemin Feng, Yongchun Liu, Yele Sun, Jun Zheng, Chao Yan, Federico Bianchi, Markku Kulmala, Claudia Mohr, and Kaspar R. Daellenbach
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 1251–1269, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-1251-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-1251-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This study investigates the connection between organic aerosol (OA) molecular composition and particle absorptive properties in autumn in Beijing. We find that the molecular properties of OA compounds in different episodes influence particle light absorption properties differently: the light absorption enhancement of black carbon and light absorption coefficient of brown carbon were mostly related to more oxygenated OA (low C number and four O atoms) and aromatics/nitro-aromatics, respectively.
Zhuohui Lin, Yonghong Wang, Feixue Zheng, Ying Zhou, Yishuo Guo, Zemin Feng, Chang Li, Yusheng Zhang, Simo Hakala, Tommy Chan, Chao Yan, Kaspar R. Daellenbach, Biwu Chu, Lubna Dada, Juha Kangasluoma, Lei Yao, Xiaolong Fan, Wei Du, Jing Cai, Runlong Cai, Tom V. Kokkonen, Putian Zhou, Lili Wang, Tuukka Petäjä, Federico Bianchi, Veli-Matti Kerminen, Yongchun Liu, and Markku Kulmala
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 12173–12187, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-12173-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-12173-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We find that ammonium nitrate and aerosol water content contributed most during low mixing layer height conditions; this may further trigger enhanced formation of sulfate and organic aerosol via heterogeneous reactions. The results of this study contribute towards a more detailed understanding of the aerosol–chemistry–radiation–boundary layer feedback that is likely to be responsible for explosive aerosol mass growth events in urban Beijing.
Xiaolong Fan, Jing Cai, Chao Yan, Jian Zhao, Yishuo Guo, Chang Li, Kaspar R. Dällenbach, Feixue Zheng, Zhuohui Lin, Biwu Chu, Yonghong Wang, Lubna Dada, Qiaozhi Zha, Wei Du, Jenni Kontkanen, Theo Kurtén, Siddhart Iyer, Joni T. Kujansuu, Tuukka Petäjä, Douglas R. Worsnop, Veli-Matti Kerminen, Yongchun Liu, Federico Bianchi, Yee Jun Tham, Lei Yao, and Markku Kulmala
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 11437–11452, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-11437-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-11437-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We observed significant concentrations of gaseous HBr and HCl throughout the winter and springtime in urban Beijing, China. Our results indicate that gaseous HCl and HBr are most likely originated from anthropogenic emissions such as burning activities, and the gas–aerosol partitioning may play a crucial role in contributing to the gaseous HCl and HBr. These observations suggest that there is an important recycling pathway of halogen species in inland megacities.
Kun Zhang, Ling Huang, Qing Li, Juntao Huo, Yusen Duan, Yuhang Wang, Elly Yaluk, Yangjun Wang, Qingyan Fu, and Li Li
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 5905–5917, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-5905-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-5905-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Recently, high O3 concentrations were frequently observed in rural areas of the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) region under stagnant conditions. Using an online measurement and observation-based model, we investigated the budget of ROx radicals and the influence of isoprene chemistry on O3 formation. Our results underline that isoprene chemistry in the rural atmosphere becomes important with the participation of anthropogenic NOx.
Yishuo Guo, Chao Yan, Chang Li, Wei Ma, Zemin Feng, Ying Zhou, Zhuohui Lin, Lubna Dada, Dominik Stolzenburg, Rujing Yin, Jenni Kontkanen, Kaspar R. Daellenbach, Juha Kangasluoma, Lei Yao, Biwu Chu, Yonghong Wang, Runlong Cai, Federico Bianchi, Yongchun Liu, and Markku Kulmala
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 5499–5511, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-5499-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-5499-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Fog, cloud and haze are very common natural phenomena. Sulfuric acid (SA) is one of the key compounds forming those suspended particles, technically called aerosols, through gas-to-particle conversion. Therefore, the concentration level, source and sink of SA is very important. Our results show that ozonolysis of alkenes plays a major role in nighttime SA formation under unpolluted conditions in urban Beijing, and nighttime cluster mode particles are probably driven by SA in urban environments.
Runlong Cai, Chao Yan, Dongsen Yang, Rujing Yin, Yiqun Lu, Chenjuan Deng, Yueyun Fu, Jiaxin Ruan, Xiaoxiao Li, Jenni Kontkanen, Qiang Zhang, Juha Kangasluoma, Yan Ma, Jiming Hao, Douglas R. Worsnop, Federico Bianchi, Pauli Paasonen, Veli-Matti Kerminen, Yongchun Liu, Lin Wang, Jun Zheng, Markku Kulmala, and Jingkun Jiang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 2457–2468, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-2457-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-2457-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Based on long-term measurements, we discovered that the collision of H2SO4–amine clusters is the governing mechanism that initializes fast new particle formation in the polluted atmospheric environment of urban Beijing. The mechanism and the governing factors for H2SO4–amine nucleation in the polluted atmosphere are quantitatively investigated in this study.
Runlong Cai, Chenxi Li, Xu-Cheng He, Chenjuan Deng, Yiqun Lu, Rujing Yin, Chao Yan, Lin Wang, Jingkun Jiang, Markku Kulmala, and Juha Kangasluoma
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 2287–2304, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-2287-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-2287-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Growth rate determines the survival probability of atmospheric new particles and hence their impacts. We clarify the impacts of coagulation on the values retrieved by the appearance time method, which is widely used for growth rate evaluation. A new formula with coagulation correction is proposed based on derivation and tested using both models and atmospheric data. We show that the sub-3 nm particle growth rate in polluted environments may be overestimated without the coagulation correction.
Jing Cai, Biwu Chu, Lei Yao, Chao Yan, Liine M. Heikkinen, Feixue Zheng, Chang Li, Xiaolong Fan, Shaojun Zhang, Daoyuan Yang, Yonghong Wang, Tom V. Kokkonen, Tommy Chan, Ying Zhou, Lubna Dada, Yongchun Liu, Hong He, Pauli Paasonen, Joni T. Kujansuu, Tuukka Petäjä, Claudia Mohr, Juha Kangasluoma, Federico Bianchi, Yele Sun, Philip L. Croteau, Douglas R. Worsnop, Veli-Matti Kerminen, Wei Du, Markku Kulmala, and Kaspar R. Daellenbach
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 12721–12740, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-12721-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-12721-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
By applying both OA PMF and size PMF at the same urban measurement site in Beijing, similar particle source types, including vehicular emissions, cooking emissions and secondary formation-related sources, were resolved by both frameworks and agreed well. It is also found that in the absence of new particle formation, vehicular and cooking emissions dominate the particle number concentration, while secondary particulate matter governed PM2.5 mass during spring and summer in Beijing.
Rui Li, Qiongqiong Wang, Xiao He, Shuhui Zhu, Kun Zhang, Yusen Duan, Qingyan Fu, Liping Qiao, Yangjun Wang, Ling Huang, Li Li, and Jian Zhen Yu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 12047–12061, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-12047-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-12047-2020, 2020
Lubna Dada, Ilona Ylivinkka, Rima Baalbaki, Chang Li, Yishuo Guo, Chao Yan, Lei Yao, Nina Sarnela, Tuija Jokinen, Kaspar R. Daellenbach, Rujing Yin, Chenjuan Deng, Biwu Chu, Tuomo Nieminen, Yonghong Wang, Zhuohui Lin, Roseline C. Thakur, Jenni Kontkanen, Dominik Stolzenburg, Mikko Sipilä, Tareq Hussein, Pauli Paasonen, Federico Bianchi, Imre Salma, Tamás Weidinger, Michael Pikridas, Jean Sciare, Jingkun Jiang, Yongchun Liu, Tuukka Petäjä, Veli-Matti Kerminen, and Markku Kulmala
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 11747–11766, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-11747-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-11747-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
We rely on sulfuric acid measurements in four contrasting environments, Hyytiälä, Finland; Agia Marina, Cyprus; Budapest, Hungary; and Beijing, China, representing semi-pristine boreal forest, rural environment in the Mediterranean area, urban environment, and heavily polluted megacity, respectively, in order to define the sources and sinks of sulfuric acid in these environments and to derive a new sulfuric acid proxy to be utilized in locations and during periods when it is not measured.
Xiaofei Qin, Leiming Zhang, Guochen Wang, Xiaohao Wang, Qingyan Fu, Jian Xu, Hao Li, Jia Chen, Qianbiao Zhao, Yanfen Lin, Juntao Huo, Fengwen Wang, Kan Huang, and Congrui Deng
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 10985–10996, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-10985-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-10985-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
The uncertainties in mercury emissions are much larger from natural sources than anthropogenic sources. A method was developed to quantify the contributions of natural surface emissions to ambient GEM based on PMF modeling. The annual GEM concentration in eastern China showed a decreasing trend from 2015 to 2018, while the relative contribution of natural surface emissions increased significantly from 41 % in 2015 to 57 % in 2018, gradually surpassing those from anthropogenic sources.
Tommy Chan, Runlong Cai, Lauri R. Ahonen, Yiliang Liu, Ying Zhou, Joonas Vanhanen, Lubna Dada, Yan Chao, Yongchun Liu, Lin Wang, Markku Kulmala, and Juha Kangasluoma
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 13, 4885–4898, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-4885-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-4885-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Using a particle size magnifier (PSM; Airmodus, Finland), we determined the particle size distribution using four inversion methods and compared each method to the others to establish their strengths and weaknesses. Furthermore, we provided a step-by-step procedure on how to invert measured data using the PSM. Finally, we provided recommendations, code and data related to the data inversion. This is an important paper, as no operating procedure exists regarding how to process measured PSM data.
Lu Chen, Lingdong Kong, Songying Tong, Kejing Yang, Shengyan Jin, Chao Wang, and Lin Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2020-806, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2020-806, 2020
Revised manuscript not accepted
Short summary
Short summary
The role of nitrate aerosol in atmospheric SO2 oxidation remains unclear. We investigated the effects of nitrate on the aqueous phase oxidation of bisulfite under different conditions. We found the important roles of nitrate photolysis, pH, ammonium and O2 in the oxidation of bisulfite to sulfate, the generation of H2O2, and the synergism with halogen chemistry. These results provide a new insight into the heterogeneous aqueous phase oxidation of SO2 in cloud and fog droplets and haze particles.
Cited articles
Allou, L., El Maimouni, L., and Le Calvé, S.: Henry's law constant measurements for formaldehyde and benzaldehyde as a function of temperature and water composition, Atmos. Environ., 45, 2991–2998, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2010.05.044, 2011.
Anderson, D. C., Nicely, J. M., Wolfe, G. M., Hanisco, T. F., Salawitch, R.
J., Canty, T. P., Dickerson, R. R., Apel, E. C., Baidar, S., Bannan, T. J.,
Blake, N. J., Chen, D., Dix, B., Fernandez, R. P., Hall, S. R., Hornbrook,
R. S., Gregory Huey, L., Josse, B., Jöckel, P., Kinnison, D. E., Koenig,
T. K., Le Breton, M., Marécal, V., Morgenstern, O., Oman, L. D., Pan, L.
L., Percival, C., Plummer, D., Revell, L. E., Rozanov, E., Saiz-Lopez, A.,
Stenke, A., Sudo, K., Tilmes, S., Ullmann, K., Volkamer, R., Weinheimer, A.
J., Zeng, G., Huey, L. G., Josse, B., Joeckel, P., Kinnison, D. E., Koenig,
T. K., Le Breton, M., Marecal, V., Morgenstern, O., Oman, L. D., Pan, L. L.,
Percival, C., Plummer, D., Revell, L. E., Rozanov, E., Saiz-Lopez, A.,
Stenke, A., Sudo, K., Tilmes, S., Ullmann, K., Volkamer, R., Weinheimer, A.
J., and Zeng, G.: Formaldehyde in the Tropical Western Pacific: Chemical
Sources and Sinks, Convective Transport, and Representation in CAM-Chem and
the CCMI Models, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 122, 11201–11226,
https://doi.org/10.1002/2016JD026121, 2017.
Ayers, G. P., Gillett, R. W., Granek, H., De Serves, C., and Cox, R. A.:
Formaldehyde production in clean marine air, Geophys. Res. Lett., 24,
401–404, https://doi.org/10.1029/97GL00123, 1997.
Chebbi, A. and Carlier, P.: Carboxylic acids in the troposphere, occurrence,
sources, and sinks: A review, Atmos. Environ., 30, 4233–4249,
https://doi.org/10.1016/1352-2310(96)00102-1, 1996.
Chen, W. T., Shao, M., Lu, S. H., Wang, M., Zeng, L. M., Yuan, B., and Liu, Y.: Understanding primary and secondary sources of ambient carbonyl compounds in Beijing using the PMF model, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 3047–3062, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-3047-2014, 2014.
Choi, W., Faloona, I. C., Bouvier-Brown, N. C., McKay, M., Goldstein, A. H., Mao, J., Brune, W. H., LaFranchi, B. W., Cohen, R. C., Wolfe, G. M., Thornton, J. A., Sonnenfroh, D. M., and Millet, D. B.: Observations of elevated formaldehyde over a forest canopy suggest missing sources from rapid oxidation of arboreal hydrocarbons, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 8761–8781, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-8761-2010, 2010.
Claflin, M. S., Pagonis, D., Finewax, Z., Handschy, A. V., Day, D. A., Brown, W. L., Jayne, J. T., Worsnop, D. R., Jimenez, J. L., Ziemann, P. J., de Gouw, J., and Lerner, B. M.: An in situ gas chromatograph with automatic detector switching between PTR- and EI-TOF-MS: isomer-resolved measurements of indoor air, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 14, 133–152, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-133-2021, 2021.
de Gouw, J. A., Middlebrook, A. M., Warneke, C., Goldan, P. D., Kuster, W.
C., Roberts, J. M., Fehsenfeld, F. C., Worsnop, D. R., Canagaratna, M. R.,
Pszenny, A. A. P., Keene, W. C., Marchewka, M., Bertman, S. B., and Bates,
T. S.: Budget of organic carbon in a polluted atmosphere: Results from the
New England Air Quality Study in 2002, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 110, 1–22,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2004JD005623, 2005.
de Gouw, J. A., Gilman, J. B., Kim, S. W., Alvarez, S. L., Dusanter, S.,
Graus, M., Griffith, S. M., Isaacman-VanWertz, G., Kuster, W. C., Lefer, B.
L., Lerner, B. M., McDonald, B. C., Rappenglück, B., Roberts, J. M.,
Stevens, P. S., Stutz, J., Thalman, R., Veres, P. R., Volkamer, R., Warneke,
C., Washenfelder, R. A., and Young, C. J.: Chemistry of Volatile Organic
Compounds in the Los Angeles Basin: Formation of Oxygenated Compounds and
Determination of Emission Ratios, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 123, 2298–2319,
https://doi.org/10.1002/2017JD027976, 2018.
DiGangi, J. P., Boyle, E. S., Karl, T., Harley, P., Turnipseed, A., Kim, S., Cantrell, C., Maudlin III, R. L., Zheng, W., Flocke, F., Hall, S. R., Ullmann, K., Nakashima, Y., Paul, J. B., Wolfe, G. M., Desai, A. R., Kajii, Y., Guenther, A., and Keutsch, F. N.: First direct measurements of formaldehyde flux via eddy covariance: implications for missing in-canopy formaldehyde sources, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 10565–10578, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-10565-2011, 2011.
Dovrou, E., Bates, K. H., Moch, J. M., Mickley, L. J., Jacob, D. J., and
Keutsch, F. N.: Catalytic role of formaldehyde in particulate matter
formation, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 119, e2113265119, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2113265119, 2022.
Dutta, C., Chatterjee, A., Jana, T. K., Mukherjee, A. K., and Sen, S.:
Contribution from the primary and secondary sources to the atmospheric
formaldehyde in Kolkata, India, Sci. Total Environ., 408, 4744–4748,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2010.01.031, 2010.
Ehhalt, D. H. and Rohrer, F.: Dependence of the OH concentration on solar
UV, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 105, 3565–3571, https://doi.org/10.1029/1999JD901070, 2000.
Fan, X., Cai, J., Yan, C., Zhao, J., Guo, Y., Li, C., Dällenbach, K. R., Zheng, F., Lin, Z., Chu, B., Wang, Y., Dada, L., Zha, Q., Du, W., Kontkanen, J., Kurtén, T., Iyer, S., Kujansuu, J. T., Petäjä, T., Worsnop, D. R., Kerminen, V.-M., Liu, Y., Bianchi, F., Tham, Y. J., Yao, L., and Kulmala, M.: Atmospheric gaseous hydrochloric and hydrobromic acid in urban Beijing, China: detection, source identification and potential atmospheric impacts, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 11437–11452, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-11437-2021, 2021.
Fischer, H., Axinte, R., Bozem, H., Crowley, J. N., Ernest, C., Gilge, S., Hafermann, S., Harder, H., Hens, K., Janssen, R. H. H., Königstedt, R., Kubistin, D., Mallik, C., Martinez, M., Novelli, A., Parchatka, U., Plass-Dülmer, C., Pozzer, A., Regelin, E., Reiffs, A., Schmidt, T., Schuladen, J., and Lelieveld, J.: Diurnal variability, photochemical production and loss processes of hydrogen peroxide in the boundary layer over Europe, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 11953–11968, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-11953-2019, 2019.
Franco, B., Blumenstock, T., Cho, C., Clarisse, L., Clerbaux, C., Coheur, P.
F., De Mazière, M., De Smedt, I., Dorn, H. P., Emmerichs, T., Fuchs, H.,
Gkatzelis, G., Griffith, D. W. T., Gromov, S., Hannigan, J. W., Hase, F.,
Hohaus, T., Jones, N., Kerkweg, A., Kiendler-Scharr, A., Lutsch, E., Mahieu,
E., Novelli, A., Ortega, I., Paton-Walsh, C., Pommier, M., Pozzer, A.,
Reimer, D., Rosanka, S., Sander, R., Schneider, M., Strong, K., Tillmann,
R., Van Roozendael, M., Vereecken, L., Vigouroux, C., Wahner, A., and
Taraborrelli, D.: Ubiquitous atmospheric production of organic acids
mediated by cloud droplets, Nature, 593, 233–237,
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-021-03462-x, 2021.
Garcia, A. R., Volkamer, R., Molina, L. T., Molina, M. J., Samuelson, J., Mellqvist, J., Galle, B., Herndon, S. C., and Kolb, C. E.: Separation of emitted and photochemical formaldehyde in Mexico City using a statistical analysis and a new pair of gas-phase tracers, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 6, 4545–4557, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-6-4545-2006, 2006.
Gong, D., Wang, H., Zhang, S., Wang, Y., Liu, S. C., Guo, H., Shao, M., He, C., Chen, D., He, L., Zhou, L., Morawska, L., Zhang, Y., and Wang, B.: Low-level summertime isoprene observed at a forested mountaintop site in southern China: implications for strong regional atmospheric oxidative capacity, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 14417–14432, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-14417-2018, 2018.
Gu, C., Wang, S., Zhu, J., Wu, S., Duan, Y., Gao, S., and Zhou, B.:
Investigation on the urban ambient isoprene and its oxidation processes,
Atmos. Environ., 270, 118870, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2021.118870, 2022.
Guo, H., Ling, Z. H., Simpson, I. J., Blake, D. R., and Wang, D. W.:
Observations of isoprene, methacrolein (MAC) and methyl vinyl ketone (MVK)
at a mountain site in Hong Kong, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 117, 1–13,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2012JD017750, 2012.
Han, Y., Huang, X., Wang, C., Zhu, B., and He, L.: Characterizing oxygenated
volatile organic compounds and their sources in rural atmospheres in China,
J. Environ. Sci. (China), 81, 148–155, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jes.2019.01.017, 2019.
Helmig, D.: Ozone removal techniques in the sampling of atmospheric volatile
organic trace gases, Atmos. Environ., 31, 3635–3651,
https://doi.org/10.1016/S1352-2310(97)00144-1, 1997.
Ho, K. F., Ho, S. S. H., Huang, R. J., Dai, W. T., Cao, J. J., Tian, L., and
Deng, W. J.: Spatiotemporal distribution of carbonyl compounds in China,
Environ. Pollut., 197, 316–324, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2014.11.014, 2015.
Hong, Q., Zhu, L., Xing, C., Hu, Q., Lin, H., Zhang, C., Zhao, C., Liu, T.,
Su, W., and Liu, C.: Inferring vertical variability and diurnal evolution of
O3 formation sensitivity based on the vertical distribution of summertime HCHO and NO2 in Guangzhou, China., Sci. Total Environ., 827, 154045, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154045, 2022.
Kumar, V. and Sinha, V.: VOC–OHM: A new technique for rapid measurements of
ambient total OH reactivity and volatile organic compounds using a single
proton transfer reaction mass spectrometer, Int. J. Mass Spectrom., 374,
55–63, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijms.2014.10.012, 2014.
Lee, Y. N., Zhou, X., Kleinman, L. I., Nunnermacker, L. J., Springston, S.
R., Daum, P. H., Newman, L., Keigley, W. G., Holdren, M. W., Spicer, C. W.,
Young, V., Fu, B., Parrish, D. D., Holloway, J., Williams, J., Roberts, J.
M., Ryerson, T. B., and Fehsenfeld, F. C.: Atmospheric chemistry and
distribution of formaldehyde and several multioxygenated carbonyl compounds
during the 1995 Nashville/Middle Tennessee Ozone Study, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 103, 22449–22462, https://doi.org/10.1029/98JD01251, 1998.
Li, J., Xie, S. D., Zeng, L. M., Li, L. Y., Li, Y. Q., and Wu, R. R.: Characterization of ambient volatile organic compounds and their sources in Beijing, before, during, and after Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation China 2014, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 7945–7959, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-7945-2015, 2015.
Lin, Y. C., Schwab, J. J., Demerjian, K. L., Bae, M.-S. S., Chen, W.-N. N.,
Sun, Y., Zhang, Q., Hung, H.-M. M., and Perry, J.: Summertime formaldehyde
observations in New York City: Ambient levels, sources and its contribution
to HOx radicals, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 117, 1–14,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2011JD016504, 2012.
Liu, L., Flatøy, F., Ordóñez, C., Braathen, G. O., Hak, C., Junkermann, W., Andreani-Aksoyoglu, S., Mellqvist, J., Galle, B., Prévôt, A. S. H., and Isaksen, I. S. A.: Photochemical modelling in the Po basin with focus on formaldehyde and ozone, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 121–137, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-7-121-2007, 2007.
Liu, Y., Zhang, Y., Lian, C., Yan, C., Feng, Z., Zheng, F., Fan, X., Chen, Y., Wang, W., Chu, B., Wang, Y., Cai, J., Du, W., Daellenbach, K. R., Kangasluoma, J., Bianchi, F., Kujansuu, J., Petäjä, T., Wang, X., Hu, B., Wang, Y., Ge, M., He, H., and Kulmala, M.: The promotion effect of nitrous acid on aerosol formation in wintertime in Beijing: the possible contribution of traffic-related emissions, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 13023–13040, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-13023-2020, 2020.
Mahajan, A. S., Whalley, L. K., Kozlova, E., Oetjen, H., Mendez, L.,
Furneaux, K. L., Goddard, A., Heard, D. E., Plane, J. M. C., and Saiz-Lopez,
A.: DOAS observations of formaldehyde and its impact on the HOx balance in the tropical Atlantic marine boundary layer, J. Atmos. Chem., 66, 167–178, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10874-011-9200-7, 2010.
Nguyen, T. B., Crounse, J. D., Teng, A. P., Clair, J. M. S., Paulot, F.,
Wolfe, G. M., and Wennberg, P. O.: Rapid deposition of oxidized biogenic
compounds to a temperate forest, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 112,
E392–E401, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1418702112, 2015.
Nussbaumer, C. M., Crowley, J. N., Schuladen, J., Williams, J., Hafermann, S., Reiffs, A., Axinte, R., Harder, H., Ernest, C., Novelli, A., Sala, K., Martinez, M., Mallik, C., Tomsche, L., Plass-Dülmer, C., Bohn, B., Lelieveld, J., and Fischer, H.: Measurement report: Photochemical production and loss rates of formaldehyde and ozone across Europe, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 18413–18432, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-18413-2021, 2021.
Obersteiner, F., Bönisch, H., and Engel, A.: An automated gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry instrument for the quantitative analysis of halocarbons in air, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 9, 179–194, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-9-179-2016, 2016.
Pavel, M. R. S., Zaman, S. U., Jeba, F., and Salam, A.: Long-Term
(2011–2019) Trends of O3, NO2, and HCHO and Sensitivity Analysis of O3 Chemistry over the GBM (Ganges-Brahmaputra-Meghna) Delta: Spatial and Temporal Variabilities, ACS Earth Sp. Chem., 5, 1468–1485,
https://doi.org/10.1021/acsearthspacechem.1c00057, 2021.
Possanzini, M., Di Palo, V., and Cecinato, A.: Sources and
photodecomposition of formaldehyde and acetaldehyde in Rome ambient air,
Atmos. Environ., 36, 3195–3201, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1352-2310(02)00192-9, 2002.
Rohrer, F. and Berresheim, H.: Strong correlation between levels of
tropospheric hydroxyl radicals and solar ultraviolet radiation, Nature, 442,
184–187, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature04924, 2006.
Seyfioglu, R., Odabasi, M., and Cetin, E.: Wet and dry deposition of
formaldehyde in Izmir, Turkey, Sci. Total Environ., 366, 809–818,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2005.08.005, 2006.
Shepson, P. B., Bottenheim, J. W., and Hastie, D. R.: Determination of the
relative ozone and PAN deposition velocities at night, Geophys. Res. Lett.,
19, 1121–1124, 1992.
Stickler, A., Fischer, H., Bozem, H., Gurk, C., Schiller, C., Martinez-Harder, M., Kubistin, D., Harder, H., Williams, J., Eerdekens, G., Yassaa, N., Ganzeveld, L., Sander, R., and Lelieveld, J.: Chemistry, transport and dry deposition of trace gases in the boundary layer over the tropical Atlantic Ocean and the Guyanas during the GABRIEL field campaign, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 3933–3956, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-7-3933-2007, 2007.
Su, W., Liu, C., Hu, Q., Zhao, S., Sun, Y., Wang, W., Zhu, Y., Liu, J., and Kim, J.: Primary and secondary sources of ambient formaldehyde in the Yangtze River Delta based on Ozone Mapping and Profiler Suite (OMPS) observations, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 6717–6736, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-6717-2019, 2019.
Sumner, A. L., Shepson, P. B., Couch, T. L., Thornberry, T., Carroll, M. A.,
Sillman, S., Pippin, M., Bertman, S., Tan, D., Faloona, I., Brune, W.,
Young, V., Cooper, O., Moody, J., and Stockwell, W.: A study of formaldehyde
chemistry above a forest canopy, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 106, 24387–24405,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2000JD900761, 2001.
Sun, Y., Yin, H., Liu, C., Zhang, L., Cheng, Y., Palm, M., Notholt, J., Lu, X., Vigouroux, C., Zheng, B., Wang, W., Jones, N., Shan, C., Qin, M., Tian, Y., Hu, Q., Meng, F., and Liu, J.: Mapping the drivers of formaldehyde (HCHO) variability from 2015 to 2019 over eastern China: insights from Fourier transform infrared observation and GEOS-Chem model simulation, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 6365–6387, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-6365-2021, 2021.
Tan, Z., Lu, K., Jiang, M., Su, R., Wang, H., Lou, S., Fu, Q., Zhai, C., Tan, Q., Yue, D., Chen, D., Wang, Z., Xie, S., Zeng, L., and Zhang, Y.: Daytime atmospheric oxidation capacity in four Chinese megacities during the photochemically polluted season: a case study based on box model simulation, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 3493–3513, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-3493-2019, 2019a.
Tan, Z., Lu, K., Hofzumahaus, A., Fuchs, H., Bohn, B., Holland, F., Liu, Y., Rohrer, F., Shao, M., Sun, K., Wu, Y., Zeng, L., Zhang, Y., Zou, Q., Kiendler-Scharr, A., Wahner, A., and Zhang, Y.: Experimental budgets of OH, HO2, and RO2 radicals and implications for ozone formation in the Pearl River Delta in China 2014, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 7129–7150, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-7129-2019, 2019b.
Wang, C., Huang, X.-F. F., Han, Y., Zhu, B., and He, L.-Y. Y.: Sources and
Potential Photochemical Roles of Formaldehyde in an Urban Atmosphere in
South China, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 122, 11934–11947,
https://doi.org/10.1002/2017JD027266, 2017.
Wang, X., Wang, H., and Wang, S.: Ambient formaldehyde and its contributing
factor to ozone and OH radical in a rural area, Atmos. Environ., 44,
2074–2078, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2010.03.023, 2010.
Wittrock, F., Richter, A., Oetjen, H., Burrows, J. P., Kanakidou, M.,
Myriokefalitakis, S., Volkamer, R., Beirle, S., Platt, U., and Wagner, T.:
Simultaneous global observations of glyoxal and formaldehyde from space,
Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, L16804, https://doi.org/10.1029/2006GL026310, 2006.
Wu, Y.: Data for the study for HCHO production and loss rates in a suburban site of Shanghai.xlsx, figshare [data set], https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.20218133.v3, 2022.
Xing, C., Liu, C., Hu, Q., Fu, Q., Lin, H., Wang, S., Su, W., Wang, W.,
Javed, Z., and Liu, J.: Identifying the wintertime sources of volatile
organic compounds (VOCs) from MAX-DOAS measured formaldehyde and glyoxal in
Chongqing, southwest China, Sci. Total Environ., 715, 136258,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.136258, 2020.
Yang, G., Huo, J., Wang, L. L., Wang, Y., Wu, S., Yao, L., Fu, Q., and Wang,
L. L.: Total OH Reactivity Measurements in a Suburban Site of Shanghai, J.
Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 127, e2021JD035981, https://doi.org/10.1029/2021JD035981, 2022.
Yuan, B., Shao, M., De Gouw, J., Parrish, D. D., Lu, S., Wang, M., Zeng, L.,
Zhang, Q., Song, Y., Zhang, J., and Hu, M.: Volatile organic compounds
(VOCs) in urban air: How chemistry affects the interpretation of positive
matrix factorization (PMF) analysis, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 117, 1–17,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2012JD018236, 2012.
Yuan, B., Hu, W. W., Shao, M., Wang, M., Chen, W. T., Lu, S. H., Zeng, L. M., and Hu, M.: VOC emissions, evolutions and contributions to SOA formation at a receptor site in eastern China, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 8815–8832, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-8815-2013, 2013.
Zhang, H., Li, J., Ying, Q., Guven, B. B., and Olaguer, E. P.: Source
apportionment of formaldehyde during TexAQS 2006 using a source-oriented
chemical transport model, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 118, 1525–1535,
https://doi.org/10.1002/jgrd.50197, 2013.
Zhang, K., Duan, Y., Huo, J., Huang, L., Wang, Y. Y., Fu, Q., Wang, Y. Y.,
and Li, L.: Formation mechanism of HCHO pollution in the suburban Yangtze
River Delta region, China: A box model study and policy implementations,
Atmos. Environ., 267, 118755, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2021.118755, 2021.
Zhang, S., Wang, S., Zhang, R., Guo, Y., Yan, Y., Ding, Z., and Zhou, B.:
Investigating the Sources of Formaldehyde and Corresponding Photochemical
Indications at a Suburb Site in Shanghai From MAX-DOAS Measurements, J.
Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 126, e2020JD033351, https://doi.org/10.1029/2020JD033351, 2021.
Zhang, X., He, S. Z., Chen, Z. M., Zhao, Y., and Hua, W.: Methyl hydroperoxide (CH3OOH) in urban, suburban and rural atmosphere: ambient concentration, budget, and contribution to the atmospheric oxidizing capacity, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 8951–8962, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-8951-2012, 2012.
Zhou, X., Huang, G., Civerolo, K., Roychowdhury, U., and Demerjian, K. L.:
Summertime observations of HONO, HCHO, and O3 at the summit of Whiteface
Mountain, New York, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 112, 1–13,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2006JD007256, 2007.
Zhu, L., Jacob, D. J., Keutsch, F. N., Mickley, L. J., Scheffe, R., Strum,
M., Abad, G. G., Chance, K., Yang, K., Rappengluck, B., Millet, D. B.,
Baasandorj, M., Jaegle, L., and Shah, V.: Formaldehyde (HCHO) As a Hazardous
Air Pollutant: Mapping Surface Air Concentrations from Satellite and
Inferring Cancer Risks in the United States, Environ. Sci. Technol., 51,
5650–5657, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.7b01356, 2017.
Short summary
Based on a field campaign in a suburban area of Shanghai during summer 2021, we calculated formaldehyde (HCHO) production rates from 24 volatile organic compounds (VOCs). In addition, HCHO photolysis, reactions with OH radicals, and dry deposition were considered for the estimation of HCHO loss rates. Our results reveal the key precursors of HCHO and suggest that HCHO wet deposition may be an important loss term on cloudy and rainy days, which needs to be further investigated.
Based on a field campaign in a suburban area of Shanghai during summer 2021, we calculated...
Altmetrics
Final-revised paper
Preprint