Articles | Volume 18, issue 22
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-16747-2018
© Author(s) 2018. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-16747-2018
© Author(s) 2018. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
27 Nov 2018
Research article |
| 27 Nov 2018
| 27 Nov 2018
Aerosol water parameterization: long-term evaluation and importance for climate studies
Swen Metzger
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Energy, Environment and Water Research Center, The Cyprus Institute, Nicosia, Cyprus
Air Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany
now at: ResearchConcepts io GmbH, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
Mohamed Abdelkader
Energy, Environment and Water Research Center, The Cyprus Institute, Nicosia, Cyprus
Air Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany
now at: King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
Benedikt Steil
Air Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany
Klaus Klingmüller
Air Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany
Related authors
Jason Williams, Swen Metzer, Samuel Remy, Vincent Huijnen, and Johannes Flemming
Geosci. Model Dev. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-2024-188, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-2024-188, 2024
Preprint under review for GMD
Short summary
Short summary
One of the main constituents of Particulate Matter at the surface are Secondary Inorganic Aerosols (SIA) which are influenced by both anthropogenic emissions and the acidity of clouds and aerosols. This study shows improvements in introduced into the IFS-COMPO simulating the surface concentrations of SIA and the resulting changes in the total wet deposition for Europe, the US and South-East Asia.
Samuel Rémy, Swen Metzger, Vincent Huijnen, Jason E. Williams, and Johannes Flemming
Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 7539–7567, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-7539-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-7539-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
In this paper we describe the development of the future operational cycle 49R1 of the IFS-COMPO system, used for operational forecasts of atmospheric composition in the CAMS project, and focus on the implementation of the thermodynamical model EQSAM4Clim version 12. The implementation of EQSAM4Clim significantly improves the simulated secondary inorganic aerosol surface concentration. The new aerosol and precipitation acidity diagnostics showed good agreement against observational datasets.
Swen Metzger, Samuel Rémy, Jason E. Williams, Vincent Huijnen, and Johannes Flemming
Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 5009–5021, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-5009-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-5009-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
EQSAM4Clim has recently been revised to provide an accurate and efficient method for calculating the acidity of atmospheric particles. It is based on an analytical concept that is sufficiently fast and free of numerical noise, which makes it attractive for air quality forecasting. Version 12 allows the calculation of aerosol composition based on the gas–liquid–solid and the reduced gas–liquid partitioning with the associated water uptake for both cases, including the acidity of the aerosols.
Klaus Klingmüller, Swen Metzger, Mohamed Abdelkader, Vlassis A. Karydis, Georgiy L. Stenchikov, Andrea Pozzer, and Jos Lelieveld
Geosci. Model Dev., 11, 989–1008, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-11-989-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-11-989-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
More than 1 billion tons of mineral dust particles are raised into the atmosphere every year, which has a significant impact on climate, society and ecosystems. The location, time and amount of dust emissions depend on surface and wind conditions. In the atmospheric chemistry–climate model EMAC, we have updated the relevant surface data and equations. Our validation shows that the updates substantially improve the agreement of model results and observations.
Mohamed Abdelkader, Swen Metzger, Benedikt Steil, Klaus Klingmüller, Holger Tost, Andrea Pozzer, Georgiy Stenchikov, Leonard Barrie, and Jos Lelieveld
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 3799–3821, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-3799-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-3799-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
We present a modeling study on the impacts of the key processes (dust emission flux, convection and dust aging parameterizations) that control the transatlantic dust transport using an advanced version of the EMAC atmospheric chemistry general circulation model. We define the
direct effect of dust agingas an increase in the AOD as a result of hygroscopic growth. We define the
indirect effectas a reduction in the dust AOD due to the higher removal of the aged dust particles.
Swen Metzger, Benedikt Steil, Mohamed Abdelkader, Klaus Klingmüller, Li Xu, Joyce E. Penner, Christos Fountoukis, Athanasios Nenes, and Jos Lelieveld
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 7213–7237, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-7213-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-7213-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
We introduce an unique single parameter framework to efficiently parameterize the aerosol water uptake for mixtures of semi-volatile and non-volatile compounds, being entirely based on the single solute specific coefficient introduced in Metzger et al. (2012).
Klaus Klingmüller, Andrea Pozzer, Swen Metzger, Georgiy L. Stenchikov, and Jos Lelieveld
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 5063–5073, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-5063-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-5063-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
During the last decade, the Middle East experienced the strongest increase in atmospheric aerosol concentrations worldwide. Based on satellite observations, the present study corroborates this trend and reveals correlations with soil moisture and precipitation in and surrounding the Fertile Crescent. This suggests that the increasing drought conditions in this region have enhanced dust emissions, a tendency which is expected to be intensified by climate change.
M. Abdelkader, S. Metzger, R. E. Mamouri, M. Astitha, L. Barrie, Z. Levin, and J. Lelieveld
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 9173–9189, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-9173-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-9173-2015, 2015
J. C. Kaiser, J. Hendricks, M. Righi, N. Riemer, R. A. Zaveri, S. Metzger, and V. Aquila
Geosci. Model Dev., 7, 1137–1157, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-7-1137-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-7-1137-2014, 2014
Xurong Wang, Alexandra P. Tsimpidi, Zhenqi Luo, Benedikt Steil, Andrea Pozzer, Jos Lelieveld, and Vlassis A. Karydis
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-527, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-527, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Ammonia (NH3) is an abundant alkaline gas and key precursor in particulate matter formation. While SO2 and NOx emissions have decreased, global NH3 emissions are stable or rising. This study investigates NH3 emission impacts on size-resolved aerosol composition and acidity using the EMAC model, analyzing three emission schemes. Sulphate-nitrate-ammonium aerosols in fine mode sizes are most sensitive to NH3 changes. Regional responses vary. NH3 buffers aerosol acidity, mitigating pH shifts.
Alexandros Milousis, Klaus Klingmüller, Alexandra P. Tsimpidi, Jasper F. Kok, Maria Kanakidou, Athanasios Nenes, and Vlassis A. Karydis
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 1333–1351, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-1333-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-1333-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
This study investigates the impact of dust on the global radiative effect of nitrate aerosols. The results indicate both positive and negative regional shortwave and longwave radiative effects due to aerosol–radiation interactions and cloud adjustments. The global average net REari and REaci of nitrate aerosols are −0.11 and +0.17 W m−2, respectively, mainly affecting the shortwave spectrum. Sensitivity simulations evaluated the influence of mineral dust composition and emissions on the results.
Jason Williams, Swen Metzer, Samuel Remy, Vincent Huijnen, and Johannes Flemming
Geosci. Model Dev. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-2024-188, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-2024-188, 2024
Preprint under review for GMD
Short summary
Short summary
One of the main constituents of Particulate Matter at the surface are Secondary Inorganic Aerosols (SIA) which are influenced by both anthropogenic emissions and the acidity of clouds and aerosols. This study shows improvements in introduced into the IFS-COMPO simulating the surface concentrations of SIA and the resulting changes in the total wet deposition for Europe, the US and South-East Asia.
Samuel Rémy, Swen Metzger, Vincent Huijnen, Jason E. Williams, and Johannes Flemming
Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 7539–7567, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-7539-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-7539-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
In this paper we describe the development of the future operational cycle 49R1 of the IFS-COMPO system, used for operational forecasts of atmospheric composition in the CAMS project, and focus on the implementation of the thermodynamical model EQSAM4Clim version 12. The implementation of EQSAM4Clim significantly improves the simulated secondary inorganic aerosol surface concentration. The new aerosol and precipitation acidity diagnostics showed good agreement against observational datasets.
Anna Martin, Veronika Gayler, Benedikt Steil, Klaus Klingmüller, Patrick Jöckel, Holger Tost, Jos Lelieveld, and Andrea Pozzer
Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 5705–5732, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-5705-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-5705-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The study evaluates the land surface and vegetation model JSBACHv4 as a replacement for the simplified submodel SURFACE in EMAC. JSBACH mitigates earlier problems of soil dryness, which are critical for vegetation modelling. When analysed using different datasets, the coupled model shows strong correlations of key variables, such as land surface temperature, surface albedo and radiation flux. The versatility of the model increases significantly, while the overall performance does not degrade.
Swen Metzger, Samuel Rémy, Jason E. Williams, Vincent Huijnen, and Johannes Flemming
Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 5009–5021, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-5009-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-5009-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
EQSAM4Clim has recently been revised to provide an accurate and efficient method for calculating the acidity of atmospheric particles. It is based on an analytical concept that is sufficiently fast and free of numerical noise, which makes it attractive for air quality forecasting. Version 12 allows the calculation of aerosol composition based on the gas–liquid–solid and the reduced gas–liquid partitioning with the associated water uptake for both cases, including the acidity of the aerosols.
Thomas Kleinen, Sergey Gromov, Benedikt Steil, and Victor Brovkin
Clim. Past, 19, 1081–1099, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-19-1081-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-19-1081-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We modelled atmospheric methane continuously from the last glacial maximum to the present using a state-of-the-art Earth system model. Our model results compare well with reconstructions from ice cores and improve our understanding of a very intriguing period of Earth system history, the deglaciation, when atmospheric methane changed quickly and strongly. Deglacial methane changes are driven by emissions from tropical wetlands, with wetlands in high northern latitudes being secondary.
Klaus Klingmüller and Jos Lelieveld
Geosci. Model Dev., 16, 3013–3028, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-3013-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-3013-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Desert dust has significant impacts on climate, public health, infrastructure and ecosystems. An impact assessment requires numerical predictions, which are challenging because the dust emissions are not well known. We present a novel approach using satellite observations and machine learning to more accurately estimate the emissions and to improve the model simulations.
Mohamed Abdelkader, Georgiy Stenchikov, Andrea Pozzer, Holger Tost, and Jos Lelieveld
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 471–500, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-471-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-471-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We study the effect of injected volcanic ash, water vapor, and SO2 on the development of the volcanic cloud and the stratospheric aerosol optical depth (AOD). Both are sensitive to the initial injection height and to the aging of the volcanic ash shaped by heterogeneous chemistry coupled with the ozone cycle. The paper explains the large differences in AOD for different injection scenarios, which could improve the estimate of the radiative forcing of volcanic eruptions.
Zaneta T. Hamryszczak, Andrea Pozzer, Florian Obersteiner, Birger Bohn, Benedikt Steil, Jos Lelieveld, and Horst Fischer
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 9483–9497, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-9483-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-9483-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Hydrogen peroxide plays a pivotal role in the chemistry of the atmosphere. Together with organic hydroperoxides, it forms a reservoir for peroxy radicals, which are known to be the key contributors to the self-cleaning processes of the atmosphere. Hydroperoxides were measured over Europe during the BLUESKY campaign in May–June 2020. The paper gives an overview of the distribution of the species in the troposphere and investigates the impact of wet scavenging and deposition on the budget of H2O2.
Vinod Kumar, Julia Remmers, Steffen Beirle, Joachim Fallmann, Astrid Kerkweg, Jos Lelieveld, Mariano Mertens, Andrea Pozzer, Benedikt Steil, Marc Barra, Holger Tost, and Thomas Wagner
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 14, 5241–5269, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-5241-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-5241-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We present high-resolution regional atmospheric chemistry model simulations focused around Germany. We highlight the importance of spatial resolution of the model itself as well as the input emissions inventory and short-scale temporal variability of emissions for simulations. We propose a consistent approach for evaluating the simulated vertical distribution of NO2 using MAX-DOAS measurements while also considering its spatial sensitivity volume and change in sensitivity within this volume.
Klaus Klingmüller and Jos Lelieveld
Geosci. Model Dev., 14, 4429–4441, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-4429-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-4429-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Soil moisture is of great importance for weather and climate. We present a machine learning model that produces accurate predictions of satellite-observed surface soil moisture, based on meteorological data from a climate model. It can be used as soil moisture parametrisation in climate models and to produce comprehensive global soil moisture datasets. Moreover, it may motivate similar applications of machine learning in climate science.
Klaus Klingmüller, Vlassis A. Karydis, Sara Bacer, Georgiy L. Stenchikov, and Jos Lelieveld
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 15285–15295, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-15285-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-15285-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Particulate air pollution cools the climate and partially masks the greenhouse warming by reflecting sunlight and enhancing the reflection by clouds. The intensity of this cooling depends on interactions between pollution and desert dust within the atmosphere. Our simulations with a global atmospheric chemistry-climate model indicate that these interactions significantly weaken the cooling.
Jianzhong Ma, Christoph Brühl, Qianshan He, Benedikt Steil, Vlassis A. Karydis, Klaus Klingmüller, Holger Tost, Bin Chen, Yufang Jin, Ningwei Liu, Xiangde Xu, Peng Yan, Xiuji Zhou, Kamal Abdelrahman, Andrea Pozzer, and Jos Lelieveld
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 11587–11612, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-11587-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-11587-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
We find a pronounced maximum in aerosol extinction in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere over the Tibetan Plateau during the Asian summer monsoon, caused mainly by mineral dust emitted from the northern Tibetan Plateau and slope area, lofted to and accumulating within the anticyclonic circulation. Mineral dust, water-soluble compounds, such as nitrate and sulfate, and associated liquid water dominate aerosol extinction around the tropopause within the Asian summer monsoon anticyclone.
Klaus Klingmüller, Jos Lelieveld, Vlassis A. Karydis, and Georgiy L. Stenchikov
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 7397–7408, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-7397-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-7397-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Within the atmosphere, desert dust and anthropogenic pollution are mixed and interact, which affects the abundance and optical properties of the particulate matter. This results in an anthropogenic climate forcing associated with mineral dust notwithstanding the natural origin of most aeolian dust. With a global chemistry–climate model, we estimate this forcing to represent a considerable fraction of the total dust forcing.
Christoph Brühl, Jennifer Schallock, Klaus Klingmüller, Charles Robert, Christine Bingen, Lieven Clarisse, Andreas Heckel, Peter North, and Landon Rieger
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 12845–12857, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-12845-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-12845-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Use of multi-instrument satellite data is important to get consistent simulations of aerosol radiative forcing by a complex chemistry climate model, here with a main focus on the lower stratosphere. The satellite data at different wavelengths together with the patterns in the simulated size distribution point to a significant contribution from moist mineral dust lifted to the tropopause region by the Asian summer monsoon.
Klaus Klingmüller, Swen Metzger, Mohamed Abdelkader, Vlassis A. Karydis, Georgiy L. Stenchikov, Andrea Pozzer, and Jos Lelieveld
Geosci. Model Dev., 11, 989–1008, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-11-989-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-11-989-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
More than 1 billion tons of mineral dust particles are raised into the atmosphere every year, which has a significant impact on climate, society and ecosystems. The location, time and amount of dust emissions depend on surface and wind conditions. In the atmospheric chemistry–climate model EMAC, we have updated the relevant surface data and equations. Our validation shows that the updates substantially improve the agreement of model results and observations.
Mohamed Abdelkader, Swen Metzger, Benedikt Steil, Klaus Klingmüller, Holger Tost, Andrea Pozzer, Georgiy Stenchikov, Leonard Barrie, and Jos Lelieveld
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 3799–3821, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-3799-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-3799-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
We present a modeling study on the impacts of the key processes (dust emission flux, convection and dust aging parameterizations) that control the transatlantic dust transport using an advanced version of the EMAC atmospheric chemistry general circulation model. We define the
direct effect of dust agingas an increase in the AOD as a result of hygroscopic growth. We define the
indirect effectas a reduction in the dust AOD due to the higher removal of the aged dust particles.
Simone Dietmüller, Patrick Jöckel, Holger Tost, Markus Kunze, Catrin Gellhorn, Sabine Brinkop, Christine Frömming, Michael Ponater, Benedikt Steil, Axel Lauer, and Johannes Hendricks
Geosci. Model Dev., 9, 2209–2222, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-9-2209-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-9-2209-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Four new radiation related submodels (RAD, AEROPT, CLOUDOPT, and ORBIT) are available within the MESSy framework now. They are largely based on the original radiation scheme of ECHAM5. RAD simulates radiative transfer, AEROPT calculates aerosol optical properties, CLOUDOPT calculates cloud optical properties, and ORBIT is responsible for Earth orbit calculations. Multiple diagnostic calls of the radiation routine are possible, so radiative forcing can be calculated during the model simulation.
Swen Metzger, Benedikt Steil, Mohamed Abdelkader, Klaus Klingmüller, Li Xu, Joyce E. Penner, Christos Fountoukis, Athanasios Nenes, and Jos Lelieveld
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 7213–7237, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-7213-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-7213-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
We introduce an unique single parameter framework to efficiently parameterize the aerosol water uptake for mixtures of semi-volatile and non-volatile compounds, being entirely based on the single solute specific coefficient introduced in Metzger et al. (2012).
Klaus Klingmüller, Andrea Pozzer, Swen Metzger, Georgiy L. Stenchikov, and Jos Lelieveld
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 5063–5073, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-5063-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-5063-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
During the last decade, the Middle East experienced the strongest increase in atmospheric aerosol concentrations worldwide. Based on satellite observations, the present study corroborates this trend and reveals correlations with soil moisture and precipitation in and surrounding the Fertile Crescent. This suggests that the increasing drought conditions in this region have enhanced dust emissions, a tendency which is expected to be intensified by climate change.
M. Abdelkader, S. Metzger, R. E. Mamouri, M. Astitha, L. Barrie, Z. Levin, and J. Lelieveld
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 9173–9189, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-9173-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-9173-2015, 2015
H. G. Ouwersloot, A. Pozzer, B. Steil, H. Tost, and J. Lelieveld
Geosci. Model Dev., 8, 2435–2445, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-8-2435-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-8-2435-2015, 2015
K. Klingmüller, B. Steil, C. Brühl, H. Tost, and J. Lelieveld
Geosci. Model Dev., 7, 2503–2516, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-7-2503-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-7-2503-2014, 2014
D. Y. Chang, H. Tost, B. Steil, and J. Lelieveld
Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/acpd-14-21975-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/acpd-14-21975-2014, 2014
Preprint withdrawn
A. K. Mishra, K. Klingmueller, E. Fredj, J. Lelieveld, Y. Rudich, and I. Koren
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 7213–7231, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-7213-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-7213-2014, 2014
J. C. Kaiser, J. Hendricks, M. Righi, N. Riemer, R. A. Zaveri, S. Metzger, and V. Aquila
Geosci. Model Dev., 7, 1137–1157, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-7-1137-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-7-1137-2014, 2014
Y. F. Elshorbany, P. J. Crutzen, B. Steil, A. Pozzer, H. Tost, and J. Lelieveld
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 1167–1184, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-1167-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-1167-2014, 2014
Related subject area
Subject: Aerosols | Research Activity: Atmospheric Modelling and Data Analysis | Altitude Range: Troposphere | Science Focus: Physics (physical properties and processes)
Construction and application of a pollen emissions model based on phenology and random forests
The impact of uncertainty in black carbon's refractive index on simulated optical depth and radiative forcing
Characterization of brown carbon absorption in different European environments through source contribution analysis
Accounting for the black carbon aging process in a two-way coupled meteorology–air quality model
The effectiveness of solar radiation management using fine sea spray across multiple climatic regions
A global dust emission dataset for estimating dust radiative forcings in climate models
Tropospheric aerosols over the western North Atlantic Ocean during the winter and summer deployments of ACTIVATE 2020: life cycle, transport, and distribution
Spatial and temporal evolution of future atmospheric reactive nitrogen deposition in China under different climate change mitigation strategies
Steady-state mixing state of black carbon aerosols from a particle-resolved model
Distinctive dust weather intensities in North China resulted from two types of atmospheric circulation anomalies
Biomass burning emission analysis based on MODIS aerosol optical depth and AeroCom multi-model simulations: implications for model constraints and emission inventories
Quasi-weekly oscillation of regional PM2.5 transport over China driven by the synoptic-scale disturbance of the East Asian winter monsoon circulation
Solar radiation estimation in West Africa: impact of dust conditions during the 2021 dry season
Gaps in our understanding of ice-nucleating particle sources exposed by global simulation of the UK Earth System Model
The role of interfacial tension in the size-dependent phase separation of atmospheric aerosol particles
Warming effects of reduced sulfur emissions from shipping
The key role of atmospheric absorption in the Asian summer monsoon response to dust emissions in CMIP6 models
Multi-model effective radiative forcing of the 2020 sulfur cap for shipping
Representation of iron aerosol size distributions of anthropogenic emissions is critical in evaluating atmospheric soluble iron input to the ocean
High-resolution air quality maps for Bucharest using Mixed-Effects Modeling Framework
Revealing dominant patterns of aerosol regimes in the lower troposphere and their evolution from preindustrial times to the future in global climate model simulations
A Novel Method to Quantify the Uncertainty Contribution of Aerosol-Radiative Interaction Factors
Improving estimation of a record-breaking east Asian dust storm emission with lagged aerosol Ångström exponent observations
Impact of biomass burning aerosols (BBA) on the tropical African climate in an ocean–atmosphere–aerosol coupled climate model
Retrieval of refractive index and water content for the coating materials of aged black carbon aerosol based on optical properties: a theoretical analysis
Predicting hygroscopic growth of organosulfur aerosol particles using COSMOtherm
Dust aerosol from the Aralkum Desert influences the radiation budget and atmospheric dynamics of Central Asia
Global modeling of aerosol nucleation with a semi-explicit chemical mechanism for highly oxygenated organic molecules (HOMs)
How to trace the origins of short-lived atmospheric species in the Arctic
Dust-producing weather patterns of the North American Great Plains
Synergistic effects of the winter North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) and El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) on dust activities in North China during the following spring
Aerosol composition, air quality, and boundary layer dynamics in the urban background of Stuttgart in winter
Measurement report: Source attribution and estimation of black carbon levels in an urban hotspot of the central Po Valley – an integrated approach combining high-resolution dispersion modelling and micro-aethalometers
Modeling CMAQ dry deposition treatment over Western Pacific: A distinct characteristic of mineral dust and anthropogenic aerosol
Microphysical modelling of aerosol scavenging by different types of clouds: description and validation of the approach
Insights into the sources of ultrafine particle numbers at six European urban sites obtained by investigating COVID-19 lockdowns
In-plume and out-of-plume analysis of aerosol–cloud interactions derived from the 2014–2015 Holuhraun volcanic eruption
Impacts of atmospheric circulation patterns and cloud inhibition on aerosol radiative effect and boundary layer structure during winter air pollution in Sichuan Basin, China
Modeling simulation of aerosol light absorption over the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region: the impact of mixing state and aging processes
Investigating the sign of stratocumulus adjustments to aerosols in the ICON global storm-resolving model
A model study investigating the sensitivity of aerosol forcing to the volatilities of semi-volatile organic compounds
An Investigation of the Impact of Canadian wildfires on US Air Quality using Satellite, Model and Ground Measurements
Decomposing the effective radiative forcing of anthropogenic aerosols based on CMIP6 Earth system models
Modeling impacts of dust mineralogy on fast climate response
Uncertainties in laboratory-measured shortwave refractive indices of mineral dust aerosols and derived optical properties: a theoretical assessment
Diagnosing uncertainties in global biomass burning emission inventories and their impact on modeled air pollutants
Role of atmospheric aerosols in severe winter fog over the Indo-Gangetic Plain of India: a case study
Long-term variability in black carbon emissions constrained by gap-filled absorption aerosol optical depth and associated premature mortality in China
Intercomparison of aerosol optical depths from four reanalyses and their multi-reanalysis consensus
Global aviation contrail climate effects from 2019 to 2021
Jiangtao Li, Xingqin An, Zhaobin Sun, Caihua Ye, Qing Hou, Yuxin Zhao, and Zhe Liu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 3583–3602, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-3583-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-3583-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Climate change and pollution have intensified pollen allergies. We developed a pollen emissions model using phenology and random forests. Key factors affecting annual pollen emissions include temperature, relative humidity and sunshine hours. Pollen dispersal starts around 10 August, peaks around 30 August and ends by 25 September, lasting about 45 d. Over time, annual pollen emissions exhibit significant fluctuations and a downward trend.
Ruth A. R. Digby, Knut von Salzen, Adam H. Monahan, Nathan P. Gillett, and Jiangnan Li
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 3109–3130, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-3109-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-3109-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
The refractive index of black carbon (BCRI), which determines how much energy black carbon absorbs and scatters, is difficult to measure, and different climate models use different values. We show that varying the BCRI across commonly used values can increase absorbing aerosol optical depth by 42 % and the warming effect from interactions between black carbon and radiation by 47 %, an appreciable fraction of the overall spread between models reported in recent literature assessments.
Hector Navarro-Barboza, Jordi Rovira, Vincenzo Obiso, Andrea Pozzer, Marta Via, Andres Alastuey, Xavier Querol, Noemi Perez, Marjan Savadkoohi, Gang Chen, Jesus Yus-Díez, Matic Ivancic, Martin Rigler, Konstantinos Eleftheriadis, Stergios Vratolis, Olga Zografou, Maria Gini, Benjamin Chazeau, Nicolas Marchand, Andre S. H. Prevot, Kaspar Dallenbach, Mikael Ehn, Krista Luoma, Tuukka Petäjä, Anna Tobler, Jaroslaw Necki, Minna Aurela, Hilkka Timonen, Jarkko Niemi, Olivier Favez, Jean-Eudes Petit, Jean-Philippe Putaud, Christoph Hueglin, Nicolas Pascal, Aurélien Chauvigné, Sébastien Conil, Marco Pandolfi, and Oriol Jorba
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 2667–2694, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-2667-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-2667-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Brown carbon (BrC) absorbs ultraviolet (UV) and visible light, influencing climate. This study explores BrC's imaginary refractive index (k) using data from 12 European sites. Residential emissions are a major organic aerosol (OA) source in winter, while secondary organic aerosol (SOA) dominates in summer. Source-specific k values were derived, improving model accuracy. The findings highlight BrC's climate impact and emphasize source-specific constraints in atmospheric models.
Yuzhi Jin, Jiandong Wang, Chao Liu, David C. Wong, Golam Sarwar, Kathleen M. Fahey, Shang Wu, Jiaping Wang, Jing Cai, Zeyuan Tian, Zhouyang Zhang, Jia Xing, Aijun Ding, and Shuxiao Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 2613–2630, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-2613-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-2613-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Black carbon (BC) affects climate and the environment, and its aging process alters its properties. Current models, like WRF-CMAQ, lack full accounting for it. We developed the WRF-CMAQ-BCG model to better represent BC aging by introducing bare and coated BC species and their conversion. The WRF-CMAQ-BCG model introduces the capability to simulate BC mixing states and bare and coated BC wet deposition, and it improves the accuracy of BC mass concentration and aerosol optics.
Zhe Song, Shaocai Yu, Pengfei Li, Ningning Yao, Lang Chen, Yuhai Sun, Boqiong Jiang, and Daniel Rosenfeld
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 2473–2494, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-2473-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-2473-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Our results with injected sea salt aerosols for five open oceans show that sea salt aerosols with low injection amounts dominate shortwave radiation, mainly through indirect effects. As indirect aerosol effects saturate with increasing injection rates, direct effects exceed indirect effects. This implies that marine cloud brightening is best implemented in areas with extensive cloud cover, while aerosol direct scattering effects remain dominant when clouds are scarce.
Danny M. Leung, Jasper F. Kok, Longlei Li, David M. Lawrence, Natalie M. Mahowald, Simone Tilmes, and Erik Kluzek
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 2311–2331, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-2311-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-2311-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
This study derives a gridded dust emission dataset for 1841–2000 by employing a combination of observed dust from core records and reanalyzed global dust cycle constraints. We evaluate the ability of global models to replicate the observed historical dust variability by using the emission dataset to force a historical simulation in an Earth system model. We show that prescribing our emissions forces the model to better match observations than other mechanistic models.
Hongyu Liu, Bo Zhang, Richard H. Moore, Luke D. Ziemba, Richard A. Ferrare, Hyundeok Choi, Armin Sorooshian, David Painemal, Hailong Wang, Michael A. Shook, Amy Jo Scarino, Johnathan W. Hair, Ewan C. Crosbie, Marta A. Fenn, Taylor J. Shingler, Chris A. Hostetler, Gao Chen, Mary M. Kleb, Gan Luo, Fangqun Yu, Mark A. Vaughan, Yongxiang Hu, Glenn S. Diskin, John B. Nowak, Joshua P. DiGangi, Yonghoon Choi, Christoph A. Keller, and Matthew S. Johnson
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 2087–2121, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-2087-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-2087-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
We use the GEOS-Chem model to simulate aerosol distributions and properties over the western North Atlantic Ocean (WNAO) during the winter and summer deployments in 2020 of the NASA ACTIVATE mission. Model results are evaluated against aircraft, ground-based, and satellite observations. The improved understanding of life cycle, composition, transport pathways, and distribution of aerosols has important implications for characterizing aerosol–cloud–meteorology interactions over WNAO.
Mingrui Ma, Jiachen Cao, Dan Tong, Bo Zheng, and Yu Zhao
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 2147–2166, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-2147-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-2147-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
We combined two global climate change pathways and three national emission control scenarios to analyze the future evolution of reactive nitrogen (Nr) deposition till the 2060s in China with air quality modeling. We show China’s clean air and carbon neutrality policies would overcome the adverse effects of climate change and efficiently reduce Nr deposition. The outflow of Nr fluxes from mainland China to the west Pacific would also be clearly reduced from continuous stringent emission controls.
Zhouyang Zhang, Jiandong Wang, Jiaping Wang, Nicole Riemer, Chao Liu, Yuzhi Jin, Zeyuan Tian, Jing Cai, Yueyue Cheng, Ganzhen Chen, Bin Wang, Shuxiao Wang, and Aijun Ding
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 1869–1881, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-1869-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-1869-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Black carbon (BC) exerts notable warming effects. We use a particle-resolved model to investigate the long-term behavior of the BC mixing state, revealing its compositions, coating thickness distribution, and optical properties all stabilize with a characteristic time of less than 1 d. This study can effectively simplify the description of the BC mixing state, which facilitates the precise assessment of the optical properties of BC aerosols in global and chemical transport models.
Qianyi Huo, Zhicong Yin, Xiaoqing Ma, and Huijun Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 1711–1724, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-1711-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-1711-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Dust days during the spring seasons of 2015–2023 in North China were classified into Mongolian cyclone and cold high types depending on the presence of the Mongolian cyclone. The Mongolian cyclone type led to more frequent and severe dust weather, indicated by PM10 concentrations. To comprehensively forecast the two types of dust weather, a common predictor was established based on 500 hPa anomalous circulation systems, offering insights for dust weather forecasting and climate prediction.
Mariya Petrenko, Ralph Kahn, Mian Chin, Susanne E. Bauer, Tommi Bergman, Huisheng Bian, Gabriele Curci, Ben Johnson, Johannes W. Kaiser, Zak Kipling, Harri Kokkola, Xiaohong Liu, Keren Mezuman, Tero Mielonen, Gunnar Myhre, Xiaohua Pan, Anna Protonotariou, Samuel Remy, Ragnhild Bieltvedt Skeie, Philip Stier, Toshihiko Takemura, Kostas Tsigaridis, Hailong Wang, Duncan Watson-Parris, and Kai Zhang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 1545–1567, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-1545-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-1545-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
We compared smoke plume simulations from 11 global models to each other and to satellite smoke amount observations aimed at constraining smoke source strength. In regions where plumes are thick and background aerosol is low, models and satellites compare well. However, the input emission inventory tends to underestimate in many places, and particle property and loss rate assumptions vary enormously among models, causing uncertainties that require systematic in situ measurements to resolve.
Yongqing Bai, Tianliang Zhao, Kai Meng, Yue Zhou, Jie Xiong, Xiaoyun Sun, Lijuan Shen, Yanyu Yue, Yan Zhu, Weiyang Hu, and Jingyan Yao
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 1273–1287, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-1273-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-1273-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
We proposed a composite statistical method to identify the quasi-weekly oscillation (QWO) of regional PM2.5 transport over China in winter from 2015 to 2019. The QWO of regional PM2.5 transport is constrained by synoptic-scale disturbances of the East Asian winter monsoon circulation with the periodic activities of the Siberian high, providing a new insight into the understanding of regional pollutant transport with meteorological drivers in atmospheric environment changes.
Léo Clauzel, Sandrine Anquetin, Christophe Lavaysse, Gilles Bergametti, Christel Bouet, Guillaume Siour, Rémy Lapere, Béatrice Marticorena, and Jennie Thomas
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 997–1021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-997-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-997-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Solar energy production in West Africa is set to rise and needs accurate solar radiation estimates which are affected by desert dust. This work analyses a March 2021 dust event using a modelling strategy incorporating desert dust. Results show that considering desert dust cuts errors in solar radiation estimates by 75 % and reduces surface solar radiation by 18 %. This highlights the importance of incorporating dust aerosols into solar forecasting for better accuracy.
Ross J. Herbert, Alberto Sanchez-Marroquin, Daniel P. Grosvenor, Kirsty J. Pringle, Stephen R. Arnold, Benjamin J. Murray, and Kenneth S. Carslaw
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 291–325, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-291-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-291-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Aerosol particles that help form ice in clouds vary in number and type around the world and with time. However, in many weather and climate models cloud ice is not linked to aerosols that are known to nucleate ice. Here we report the first steps towards representing ice-nucleating particles within the UK Earth System Model. We conclude that in addition to ice nucleation by sea spray and mineral components of soil dust, we also need to represent ice nucleation by the organic components of soils.
Ryan Schmedding and Andreas Zuend
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 327–346, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-327-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-327-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Four different approaches for computing the interfacial tension between liquid phases in aerosol particles were tested for particles with diameters from 10 nm to more than 5 μm. Antonov's rule led to the strongest reductions in the onset relative humidity of liquid–liquid phase separation and reproduced measured interfacial tensions for highly immiscible systems. A modified form of the Butler equation was able to best reproduce measured interfacial tensions in more miscible systems.
Masaru Yoshioka, Daniel P. Grosvenor, Ben B. B. Booth, Colin P. Morice, and Ken S. Carslaw
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 13681–13692, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-13681-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-13681-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
A 2020 regulation has reduced sulfur emissions from shipping by about 80 %, leading to a decrease in atmospheric aerosols that have a cooling effect primarily by affecting cloud properties and amounts. Our climate model simulations predict a global temperature increase of 0.04 K over the next 3 decades as a result, which could contribute to surpassing the Paris Agreement's 1.5 °C target. Reduced aerosols may have also contributed to the recent temperature spikes.
Alcide Zhao, Laura J. Wilcox, and Claire L. Ryder
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 13385–13402, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-13385-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-13385-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Climate models include desert dust aerosols, which cause atmospheric heating and can change circulation patterns. We assess the effect of dust on the Indian and east Asian summer monsoons through multi-model experiments isolating the effect of dust in current climate models for the first time. Dust atmospheric heating results in a southward shift of western Pacific equatorial rainfall and an enhanced Indian summer monsoon. This shows the importance of accurate dust representation in models.
Ragnhild Bieltvedt Skeie, Rachael Byrom, Øivind Hodnebrog, Caroline Jouan, and Gunnar Myhre
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 13361–13370, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-13361-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-13361-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
In 2020, new regulations by the International Maritime Organization regarding sulfur emissions came into force, reducing emissions of SO2 from the shipping sector by approximately 80 %. In this study, we use multiple models to calculate how much the Earth energy balance changed due to the emission reduction or the so-called effective radiative forcing. The calculated effective radiative forcing is weak, comparable to the effect of the increase in CO2 over the last 2 to 3 years.
Mingxu Liu, Hitoshi Matsui, Douglas S. Hamilton, Sagar D. Rathod, Kara D. Lamb, and Natalie M. Mahowald
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 13115–13127, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-13115-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-13115-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Atmospheric aerosol deposition provides bioavailable iron to promote marine primary production, yet the estimates of its fluxes remain highly uncertain. This study, by performing global aerosol simulations, demonstrates that iron-containing particle size upon emission is a critical factor in regulating soluble iron input to open oceans. Further observational constraints on this are needed to reduce modeling uncertainties.
Camelia Talianu, Jeni Vasilescu, Doina Nicolae, Alexandru Ilie, Andrei Dandocsi, Anca Nemuc, and Livio Belegante
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2930, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2930, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Bucharest, Romania's capital, has successfully used mobile measurements and mixed-effects LUR models to derive seasonal maps of near-surface PM10, NO2, and UFP. The data was collected during two intensive campaigns, covering high-traffic streets, residential, industrial, and commercial districts. The model's performance was evaluated, demonstrating its potential for high-resolution mapping in other cities with well-characterized urban structures and diverse in situ monitoring stations.
Jingmin Li, Mattia Righi, Johannes Hendricks, Christof G. Beer, Ulrike Burkhardt, and Anja Schmidt
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 12727–12747, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-12727-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-12727-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Aiming to understand underlying patterns and trends in aerosols, we characterize the spatial patterns and long-term evolution of lower tropospheric aerosols by clustering multiple aerosol properties from preindustrial times to the year 2050 under three Shared
Socioeconomic Pathway scenarios. The results provide a clear and condensed picture of the spatial extent and distribution of aerosols for different time periods and emission scenarios.
Socioeconomic Pathway scenarios. The results provide a clear and condensed picture of the spatial extent and distribution of aerosols for different time periods and emission scenarios.
Bishuo He and Chunsheng Zhao
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3441, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3441, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Factor-uncertainty analysis helps us understand their impacts on complex systems. Traditional methods have many limitations. This study introduces a new method to measure how each factor contributes to uncertainty. It gains insights into the role of each variable and works for all multi-factor systems. As an application, we analyzed how aerosols affect solar radiation and identified the key factors. These analyses can improve our understanding of the role of aerosols in climate change.
Yueming Cheng, Tie Dai, Junji Cao, Daisuke Goto, Jianbing Jin, Teruyuki Nakajima, and Guangyu Shi
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 12643–12659, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-12643-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-12643-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
In March 2021, east Asia experienced an outbreak of severe dust storms after an absence of 1.5 decades. Here, we innovatively used the time-lagged ground-based aerosol size information with the fixed-lag ensemble Kalman smoother to optimize dust emission and reproduce the dust storm. This work is valuable for not only the quantification of health damage, aviation risks, and profound impacts on the Earth's system but also revealing the climatic driving force and the process of desertification.
Marc Mallet, Aurore Voldoire, Fabien Solmon, Pierre Nabat, Thomas Drugé, and Romain Roehrig
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 12509–12535, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-12509-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-12509-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study investigates the interactions between smoke aerosols and climate in tropical Africa using a coupled ocean–atmosphere–aerosol climate model. The work shows that smoke plumes have a significant impact by increasing the low-cloud fraction, decreasing the ocean and continental surface temperature and reducing the precipitation of coastal western Africa. It also highlights the role of the ocean temperature response and its feedbacks for the September–November season.
Jia Liu, Cancan Zhu, Donghui Zhou, and Jinbao Han
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 12341–12354, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-12341-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-12341-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The hydrophilic coatings of aged black carbon (BC) particles absorb moisture during the hygroscopic growth process, but it is difficult to characterize how much water is absorbed under different relative humidities (RHs). In this study, we propose a method to obtain the water content in the coatings based on the equivalent complex refractive index retrieved from optical properties. This method is verified from a theoretical perspective, and it performs well for thickly coated BC at high RHs.
Zijun Li, Angela Buchholz, and Noora Hyttinen
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 11717–11725, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-11717-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-11717-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Evaluating organosulfur (OS) hygroscopicity is important for assessing aerosol–cloud climate interactions in the post-fossil-fuel future, when SO2 emissions decrease and OS compounds become increasingly important. Here a state-of-the-art quantum-chemistry-based method was used to predict the hygroscopic growth factors (HGFs) of a group of atmospherically relevant OS compounds and their mixtures with (NH4)2SO4. A good agreement was observed between their model-estimated and experimental HGFs.
Jamie R. Banks, Bernd Heinold, and Kerstin Schepanski
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 11451–11475, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-11451-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-11451-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The Aralkum is a new desert in Central Asia formed by the desiccation of the Aral Sea. This has created a source of atmospheric dust, with implications for the balance of solar and thermal radiation. Simulating these effects using a dust transport model, we find that Aralkum dust adds radiative cooling effects to the surface and atmosphere on average but also adds heating events. Increases in surface pressure due to Aralkum dust strengthen the Siberian High and weaken the summer Asian heat low.
Xinyue Shao, Minghuai Wang, Xinyi Dong, Yaman Liu, Wenxiang Shen, Stephen R. Arnold, Leighton A. Regayre, Meinrat O. Andreae, Mira L. Pöhlker, Duseong S. Jo, Man Yue, and Ken S. Carslaw
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 11365–11389, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-11365-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-11365-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Highly oxygenated organic molecules (HOMs) play an important role in atmospheric new particle formation (NPF). By semi-explicitly coupling the chemical mechanism of HOMs and a comprehensive nucleation scheme in a global climate model, the updated model shows better agreement with measurements of nucleation rate, growth rate, and NPF event frequency. Our results reveal that HOM-driven NPF leads to a considerable increase in particle and cloud condensation nuclei burden globally.
Anderson Da Silva, Louis Marelle, Jean-Christophe Raut, Yvette Gramlich, Karolina Siegel, Sophie L. Haslett, Claudia Mohr, and Jennie L. Thomas
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2839, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2839, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Particles sources in polar climates are unclear, affecting climate representation in models. This study introduces an evaluated method for tracking particles with backtrajectory modeling. Tests on simulated particles allowed to show that traditional detection methods often misidentify sources. An improved method that accurately traces origins of aerosol particles in the Arctic is presented. The study recommends using this enhanced method for better source identification of atmospheric species.
Stuart Evans
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2820, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2820, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study of the North American Great Plains identifies the various weather patterns responsible for blowing dust in all parts of the region using a weather pattern classification. In the southwest plains passing cold fronts are the primary cause of dust; in the understudied northern plains, summertime patterns and southerly pre-frontal winds are most important in the west and east, respectively. These results are valuable to understanding and forecasting dust in this complex source region.
Falei Xu, Shuang Wang, Yan Li, and Juan Feng
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 10689–10705, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-10689-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-10689-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study examines how the winter North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) and El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) affect dust activities in North China during the following spring. The results show that the NAO and ENSO, particularly in their negative phases, greatly influence dust activities. When both are negative, their combined effect on dust activities is even greater. This research highlights the importance of these climate patterns in predicting spring dust activities in North China.
Hengheng Zhang, Wei Huang, Xiaoli Shen, Ramakrishna Ramisetty, Junwei Song, Olga Kiseleva, Christopher Claus Holst, Basit Khan, Thomas Leisner, and Harald Saathoff
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 10617–10637, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-10617-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-10617-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Our study unravels how stagnant winter conditions elevate aerosol levels in Stuttgart. Cloud cover at night plays a pivotal role, impacting morning air quality. Validating a key model, our findings aid accurate air quality predictions, crucial for effective pollution mitigation in urban areas.
Giorgio Veratti, Alessandro Bigi, Michele Stortini, Sergio Teggi, and Grazia Ghermandi
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 10475–10512, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-10475-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-10475-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
In a study of two consecutive winter seasons, we used measurements and modelling tools to identify the levels and sources of black carbon pollution in a medium-sized urban area of the Po Valley, Italy. Our findings show that biomass burning and traffic-related emissions (especially from Euro 4 diesel cars) significantly contribute to BC concentrations. This research offers crucial insights for policymakers and urban planners aiming to improve air quality in cities.
Steven Soon-Kai Kong, Joshua S. Fu, Neng-Huei Lin, Guey-Rong Sheu, and Wei-Syun Huang
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2549, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2549, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The accuracy of the chemical transport model, a key focus of our research, is strongly dependent on the dry deposition parameterization. Our finding shows that the refined CMAQ dust model correlated well with the ground and high altitude in-situ measurements by implementing the suggested dry deposition schemes. Furthermore, we reveal the mixing state of two types of aerosols at the upper level, a finding supported by both the optimized model and measurement.
Pascal Lemaitre, Arnaud Quérel, Alexis Dépée, Alice Guerra Devigne, Marie Monier, Thibault Hiron, Chloé Soto Minguez, Daniel Hardy, and Andrea Flossmann
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 9713–9732, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-9713-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-9713-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
A new in-cloud scavenging scheme is proposed. It is based on a microphysical model of cloud formation and may be applied to long-distance atmospheric transport models (> 100 km) and climatic models. This model is applied to the two most extreme precipitating cloud types in terms of both relative humidity and vertical extension: cumulonimbus and stratus.
Alex Rowell, James Brean, David C. S. Beddows, Tuukka Petäjä, Máté Vörösmarty, Imre Salma, Jarkko V. Niemi, Hanna E. Manninen, Dominik van Pinxteren, Thomas Tuch, Kay Weinhold, Zongbo Shi, and Roy M. Harrison
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 9515–9531, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-9515-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-9515-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Different sources of airborne particles in the atmospheres of four European cities were distinguished by recognising their particle size distributions using a statistical procedure, positive matrix factorisation. The various sources responded differently to the changes in emissions associated with COVID-19 lockdowns, and the reasons are investigated. While traffic emissions generally decreased, particles formed from reactions of atmospheric gases decreased in some cities but increased in others.
Amy H. Peace, Ying Chen, George Jordan, Daniel G. Partridge, Florent Malavelle, Eliza Duncan, and Jim M. Haywood
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 9533–9553, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-9533-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-9533-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Natural aerosols from volcanic eruptions can help us understand how anthropogenic aerosols modify climate. We use observations and model simulations of the 2014–2015 Holuhraun eruption plume to examine aerosol–cloud interactions in September 2014. We find a shift to clouds with smaller, more numerous cloud droplets in the first 2 weeks of the eruption. In the third week, the background meteorology and previous conditions experienced by air masses modulate the aerosol perturbation to clouds.
Hua Lu, Min Xie, Bingliang Zhuang, Danyang Ma, Bojun Liu, Yangzhihao Zhan, Tijian Wang, Shu Li, Mengmeng Li, and Kuanguang Zhu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 8963–8982, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-8963-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-8963-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
To identify cloud, aerosol, and planetary boundary layer (PBL) interactions from an air quality perspective, we summarized two pollution patterns characterized by denser liquid cloud and by obvious cloud radiation interaction (CRI). Numerical simulation experiments showed CRI could cause a 50 % reduction in aerosol radiation interaction (ARI) under a low-trough system. The results emphasized the nonnegligible role of CRI and its inhibition of ARI under wet and cloudy pollution synoptic patterns.
Huiyun Du, Jie Li, Xueshun Chen, Gabriele Curci, Fangqun Yu, Yele Sun, Xu Dao, Song Guo, Zhe Wang, Wenyi Yang, Lianfang Wei, and Zifa Wang
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1432, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1432, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Inadequate consideration of mixing state and coatings on BC hinders aerosol radiation forcing quantification. While core-shell mixing results match observations closely, partial internal mixing and coating are more realistic. The fraction of embedded BC and coating aerosols resolved by a microphysics module were used to constrain the mixing state. This led to a 30~43 % absorption enhancement decrease over Northern China, offering valuable insights for the assessment of BC's radiative effects.
Emilie Fons, Ann Kristin Naumann, David Neubauer, Theresa Lang, and Ulrike Lohmann
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 8653–8675, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-8653-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-8653-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Aerosols can modify the liquid water path (LWP) of stratocumulus and, thus, their radiative effect. We compare storm-resolving model and satellite data that disagree on the sign of LWP adjustments and diagnose this discrepancy with causal inference. We find that strong precipitation, the absence of wet scavenging, and cloud deepening under a weak inversion contribute to positive LWP adjustments to aerosols in the model, despite weak negative effects from cloud-top entrainment enhancement.
Muhammed Irfan, Thomas Kühn, Taina Yli-Juuti, Anton Laakso, Eemeli Holopainen, Douglas R. Worsnop, Annele Virtanen, and Harri Kokkola
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 8489–8506, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-8489-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-8489-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The study examines how the volatility of semi-volatile organic compounds affects secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation and climate. Our simulations show that uncertainties in these volatilities influence aerosol mass and climate impacts. Accurate representation of these compounds in climate models is crucial for predicting global climate patterns.
Zhixin Xue, Nair Udaysankar, and Sundar Christopher
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1781, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1781, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Canadian wildfires degrade US air quality through long-range smoke transport. This study uses surface, satellite, and numerical models to assess the PM2.5 increase due to Canadian fires during 2018 fire season. Satellite data, often limited by cloud cover, was supplemented with high-resolution simulated data to fill gaps. Weather systems significantly influenced smoke movement. Canadian fires led to a notable rise in PM2.5 levels across various US regions during the 2018 summer wildfire events.
Alkiviadis Kalisoras, Aristeidis K. Georgoulias, Dimitris Akritidis, Robert J. Allen, Vaishali Naik, Chaincy Kuo, Sophie Szopa, Pierre Nabat, Dirk Olivié, Twan van Noije, Philippe Le Sager, David Neubauer, Naga Oshima, Jane Mulcahy, Larry W. Horowitz, and Prodromos Zanis
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 7837–7872, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-7837-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-7837-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Effective radiative forcing (ERF) is a metric for estimating how human activities and natural agents change the energy flow into and out of the Earth’s climate system. We investigate the anthropogenic aerosol ERF, and we estimate the contribution of individual processes to the total ERF using simulations from Earth system models within the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6). Our findings highlight that aerosol–cloud interactions drive ERF variability during the last 150 years.
Qianqian Song, Paul Ginoux, María Gonçalves Ageitos, Ron L. Miller, Vincenzo Obiso, and Carlos Pérez García-Pando
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 7421–7446, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-7421-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-7421-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We implement and simulate the distribution of eight dust minerals in the GFDL AM4.0 model. We found that resolving the eight minerals reduces dust absorption compared to the homogeneous dust used in the standard GFDL AM4.0 model that assumes a globally uniform hematite content of 2.7 % by volume. Resolving dust mineralogy results in significant impacts on radiation, land surface temperature, surface winds, and precipitation over North Africa in summer.
Senyi Kong, Zheng Wang, and Lei Bi
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 6911–6935, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-6911-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-6911-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The retrieval of refractive indices of dust aerosols from laboratory optical measurements is commonly done assuming spherical particles. This paper aims to investigate the uncertainties in the shortwave refractive indices and corresponding optical properties by considering non-spherical and inhomogeneous models for dust samples. The study emphasizes the significance of using non-spherical models for simulating dust aerosols.
Wenxuan Hua, Sijia Lou, Xin Huang, Lian Xue, Ke Ding, Zilin Wang, and Aijun Ding
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 6787–6807, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-6787-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-6787-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
In this study, we diagnose uncertainties in carbon monoxide and organic carbon emissions from four inventories for seven major wildfire-prone regions. Uncertainties in vegetation classification methods, fire detection products, and cloud obscuration effects lead to bias in these biomass burning (BB) emission inventories. By comparing simulations with measurements, we provide certain inventory recommendations. Our study has implications for reducing uncertainties in emissions in further studies.
Chandrakala Bharali, Mary Barth, Rajesh Kumar, Sachin D. Ghude, Vinayak Sinha, and Baerbel Sinha
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 6635–6662, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-6635-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-6635-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study examines the role of atmospheric aerosols in winter fog over the Indo-Gangetic Plains of India using WRF-Chem. The increase in RH with aerosol–radiation feedback (ARF) is found to be important for fog formation as it promotes the growth of aerosols in the polluted environment. Aqueous-phase chemistry in the fog increases PM2.5 concentration, further affecting ARF. ARF and aqueous-phase chemistry affect the fog intensity and the timing of fog formation by ~1–2 h.
Wenxin Zhao, Yu Zhao, Yu Zheng, Dong Chen, Jinyuan Xin, Kaitao Li, Huizheng Che, Zhengqiang Li, Mingrui Ma, and Yun Hang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 6593–6612, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-6593-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-6593-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We evaluate the long-term (2000–2020) variabilities of aerosol absorption optical depth, black carbon emissions, and associated health risks in China with an integrated framework that combines multiple observations and modeling techniques. We demonstrate the remarkable emission abatement resulting from the implementation of national pollution controls and show how human activities affected the emissions with a spatiotemporal heterogeneity, thus supporting differentiated policy-making by region.
Peng Xian, Jeffrey S. Reid, Melanie Ades, Angela Benedetti, Peter R. Colarco, Arlindo da Silva, Tom F. Eck, Johannes Flemming, Edward J. Hyer, Zak Kipling, Samuel Rémy, Tsuyoshi Thomas Sekiyama, Taichu Tanaka, Keiya Yumimoto, and Jianglong Zhang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 6385–6411, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-6385-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-6385-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The study compares and evaluates monthly AOD of four reanalyses (RA) and their consensus (i.e., ensemble mean). The basic verification characteristics of these RA versus both AERONET and MODIS retrievals are presented. The study discusses the strength of each RA and identifies regions where divergence and challenges are prominent. The RA consensus usually performs very well on a global scale in terms of how well it matches the observational data, making it a good choice for various applications.
Roger Teoh, Zebediah Engberg, Ulrich Schumann, Christiane Voigt, Marc Shapiro, Susanne Rohs, and Marc E. J. Stettler
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 6071–6093, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-6071-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-6071-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The radiative forcing (RF) due to aviation contrails is comparable to that caused by CO2. We estimate that global contrail net RF in 2019 was 62.1 mW m−2. This is ~1/2 the previous best estimate for 2018. Contrail RF varies regionally due to differences in conditions required for persistent contrails. COVID-19 reduced contrail RF by 54% in 2020 relative to 2019. Globally, 2 % of all flights account for 80 % of the annual contrail energy forcing, suggesting a opportunity to mitigate contrail RF.
Cited articles
Abdelkader, M., Metzger, S., Steil, B., Klingmueller, K., Tost, H., Pozzer,
A.,
Stenchikov, G., Barrie, L., and Lelieveld, J.: Sensitivity of transatlantic
dust transport to chemical aging and related atmospheric processes, Atmos.
Chem. Phys., 17, 3799–3821, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-3799-2017, 2017. a, b, c, d, e, f, g
Ackermann, I. J., Hass, H., Memmesheimer, M., Ebel, A., Binkowski, F. S., and
Shankar, U.: Modal aerosol dynamics model for Europe, Atmos. Environ., 32,
2981–2999, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1352-2310(98)00006-5, 1998. a
Ahmadov, R. and Kazil, J.: Aerosol modeling with WRF-Chem, Tutorial
WRF-Chem Tutorial, CU CIRES and NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory,
https://ruc.noaa.gov/wrf/wrf-chem/wrf_tutorial_2018/Aerosols.pdf, last access: 23 November 2018. a
Astitha, M., Lelieveld, J., Abdel Kader, M., Pozzer, A., and de Meij, A.:
Parameterization of dust emissions in the global atmospheric
chemistry-climate model EMAC: impact of nudging and soil properties, Atmos.
Chem. Phys., 12, 11057–11083, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-11057-2012, 2012. a, b
Bauer, S. E., Koch, D., Unger, N., Metzger, S. M., Shindell, D. T., and
Streets, D. G.: Nitrate aerosols today and in 2030: a global simulation
including aerosols and tropospheric ozone, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 5043–5059,
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-7-5043-2007,
2007a. a, b
Bauer, S. E., Mishchenko, M. I., Lacis, A. A., Zhang, S., Perlwitz, J., and
Metzger, S. M.: Do sulfate and nitrate coatings on mineral dust have
important effects on radiative properties and climate modeling?, J. Geophys.
Res., 112, 1–9, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005JD006977,
2007b. a, b
Bessagnet, B., Hodzic, A., Vautard, R., Beekmann, M., Cheinet, S., Honoré, C.,
Liousse, C., and Rouil, L.: Aerosol modeling with CHIMERE – preliminary
evaluation at the continental scale, Atmos. Environ., 38, 2803–2817,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2004.02.034, 2004. a
Bian, H., Chin, M., Hauglustaine, D. A., Schulz, M., Myhre, G., Bauer, S. E.,
Lund, M. T., Karydis, V. A., Kucsera, T. L., Pan, X., Pozzer, A., Skeie,
R. B., Steenrod, S. D., Sudo, K., Tsigaridis, K., Tsimpidi, A. P., and Tsyro,
S. G.: Investigation of global particulate nitrate from the AeroCom phase
III experiment, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 12911–12940,
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-12911-2017, 2017. a, b
Binkowski, F. S. and Shankar, U.: The Regional Particulate Matter
Model: 1. Model description and preliminary results, J. Geophys. Res.,
100, 26191, https://doi.org/10.1029/95JD02093, 1995. a
Bruehl, C., Lelieveld, J., Crutzen, P. J., and Tost, H.: The role of carbonyl
sulphide as a source of stratospheric sulphate aerosol and its impact on
climate, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 1239–1253, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-1239-2012,
2012. a
Carlton, A. G. and Turpin, B. J.: Particle partitioning potential of organic
compounds is highest in the Eastern US and driven by anthropogenic water,
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 10203–10214, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-10203-2013, 2013. a
Darmenov, A., da Silva, A., Colarco, P., Gelaro, R., Todling, R., Bian, H.,
Longo, K., Castellanos, P., Nielsen, E., Buchard-Marchant, V., Randles, C.,
and Keller, C.: NASA Update GEOS-5 Model and Data Assimilation
System: Aerosols and Clouds prsented at the International
Cooperative for Aerosol Prediction (ICAP/AEROCAST) “Lidar Data
and its use in Model Verification and Data Assimilation”, July
12-14, 2016, College Park, MD, USA,
http://icap.atmos.und.edu/ICAP8/Day1/Darmenov_TuesdayPM.pdf,
2016. a
de Meij, A., Krol, M., Dentener, F., Vignati, E., Cuvelier, C., and Thunis, P.:
The sensitivity of aerosol in Europe to two different emission inventories
and temporal distribution of emissions, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 6, 4287–4309,
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-6-4287-2006, 2006. a
de Meij, A., Pozzer, A., Pringle, K., Tost, H., and Lelieveld, J.: EMAC model
evaluation and analysis of atmospheric aerosol properties and distribution
with a focus on the Mediterranean region, Atmos. Res., 114/115, 38–69,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2012.05.014, 2012. a
de Meij, A.: Uncertainties in modelling the spatial and temporal variations
in aerosol concentrations, PhD Thesis, Technische Universiteit Eindhoven, 1–216 , https://doi.org/10.6100/IR642890, 2009. a
Dentener, F., Williams, J., and Metzger, S.: Aqueous Phase Reaction of
HNO4: The Impact on Tropospheric Chemistry, J. Atmos. Chem., 41,
109–134, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1014233910126, 2002. a, b
Doering, U. M., Monni, S., Pagliari, V., Orlandini, L., van Aardenne, J., and
SanMartin, F.: CIRCE report D8.1.1: Emission inventory for the past
period 1990–2005 on 0.1 × 0.1 grid, Tech. rep., Project FP6: 6.3 No.
036961, Joint Research Centre (JRC),http://edgar.jrc.ec.europa.eu/overview.php?v=432_GHG&SECURE=123 (last access: 23 November 2018), 2009a. a
Doering, U. M., van Aardenne, J., Monni, S., Pagliari, V., Orlandini, L., and
SanMartin, F.: CIRCE report D8.1.2 – Evaluation emission database
1990–2005, Tech. rep., Project FP6: 6.3 No. 036961, Joint Research
Centre (JRC),http://edgar.jrc.ec.europa.eu/overview.php?v=432_GHG&SECURE=123 (last access: 23 November 2018), 2009b. a
Doering, U. M., van Aardenne, J., Monni, S., Pagliari, V., Orlandini, L., and
SanMartin, F.: CIRCE report D8.1.3 – Update of grid- ded emission
inventories, addition of period 1990–1999 to 2000–2005 dataset, Tech.
rep., Project FP6: 6.3 No. 036961, Joint Research Centre (JRC),
http://edgar.jrc.ec.europa.eu/overview.php?v=432_GHG&SECURE=123 (last access: 23 November 2018), 2009c. a
Environ, R.: User's guide comprehensive air quality model with
extensions version 6.40, Tech. rep., Ramboll, 773 San Marin Dr., Suite
2115, Novato, CA 94945, USA, 773 San Marin Drive, Suite 2115 Novato,
California, 94998, https://www.ramboll.com, http://www.camx.com, 2016. a
Fountoukis, C. and Nenes, A.: ISORROPIA II: a computationally efficient
thermodynamic equilibrium model for
Ganzeveld, L. N., van Aardenne, J. A., Butler, T. M., Lawrence, M. G.,
Metzger, S. M., Stier, P., Zimmermann, P., and Lelieveld, J.: Technical Note:
Anthropogenic and natural offline emissions and the online EMissions and dry
DEPosition submodel EMDEP of the Modular Earth Submodel system (MESSy),
Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., 6, 5457–5483,
https://doi.org/10.5194/acpd-6-5457-2006, 2006. a
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change: Climate Change 2013 – The
Physical Science Basis: Working Group I Contribution to the
Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate
Change, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge,
https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781107415324, 2014. a
Jeuken, A. B. M., Siegmund, P. C., Heijboer, L. C., Feichter, J., and
Bengtsson, L.: On the potential of assimilating meteorological analyses in a
global climate model for the purpose of model validation, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 101, 16939–16950, https://doi.org/10.1029/96JD01218, 1996. a
Joeckel, P., Sander, R., Kerkweg, A., Tost, H., and Lelieveld, J.: Technical
Note: The Modular Earth Submodel System (MESSy) – a new
approach towards Earth System Modeling, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 5,
433–444, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-5-433-2005, 2005. a, b
Joeckel, P., Tost, H., Pozzer, A., Bruehl, C., Buchholz, J., Ganzeveld, L.,
Hoor, P., Kerkweg, A., Lawrence, M., Sander, R., Steil, B., Stiller, G.,
Tanarhte, M., Taraborrelli, D., van Aardenne, J., and Lelieveld, J.: The
atmospheric chemistry general circulation model ECHAM5/MESSy1: consistent
simulation of ozone from the surface to the mesosphere, Atmos. Chem. Phys.,
6, 5067–5104, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-6-5067-2006,
2006a. a, b, c, d
Joeckel, P., Tost, H., Pozzer, A., Bruehl, C., Buchholz, J., Ganzeveld, L.,
Hoor, P., Kerkweg, A., Lawrence, M. G., Metzger, S., Sander, R., Steil, B.,
Stiller, G., Tanarhte, M., Taraborrelli, D., van Aardenne, J., and Lelieveld,
J.: Evaluation of the atmospheric chemistry general circulation model
ECHAM5/MESSy1,
http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2006AGUFM.A51B0073J (last access: 23 November 2018),
2006AGUFM.A51B0073J, Provided by the SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System,
2006b. a, b
Joeckel, P., Kerkweg, A., Buchholz-Dietsch, J., Tost, H., Sander, R., and
Pozzer, A.: Technical Note: Coupling of chemical processes with the
Modular Earth Submodel System (MESSy) submodel TRACER, Atmos.
Chem. Phys., 8, 1677–1687, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-8-1677-2008, 2008. a, b
Joeckel, P., Kerkweg, A., Pozzer, A., Sander, R., Tost, H., Riede, H.,
Baumgaertner, A., Gromov, S., and Kern, B.: Development cycle 2 of the
Modular Earth Submodel System (MESSy2), Geosci. Model Dev., 3,
717–752, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-3-717-2010, 2010. a, b, c
Joeckel, P., Tost, H., Pozzer, A., Kunze, M., Kirner, O., Brenninkmeijer, C.
A. M., Brinkop, S., Cai, D. S., Dyroff, C., Eckstein, J., Frank, F., Garny,
H., Gottschaldt, K.-D., Graf, P., Grewe, V., Kerkweg, A., Kern, B., Matthes,
S., Mertens, M., Meul, S., Neumaier, M., Nuetzel, M., Oberländer-Hayn, S.,
Ruhnke, R., Runde, T., Sander, R., Scharffe, D., and Zahn, A.: Earth System
Chemistry integrated Modelling (ESCiMo) with the Modular Earth
Submodel System (MESSy) version 2.51, Geosci. Model Dev., 9,
1153–1200, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-9-1153-2016, 2016. a, b
Kaiser, J. C., Hendricks, J., Righi, M., Riemer, N., Zaveri, R. A., Metzger,
S., and Aquila, V.: The MESSy aerosol submodel MADE3 (v2.0b): description
and a box model test, Geosci. Model Dev., 7, 1137–1157,
https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-7-1137-2014, 2014. a
Karydis, V. A., Tsimpidi, A. P., Pozzer, A., Astitha, M., and Lelieveld, J.:
Effects of mineral dust on global atmospheric nitrate concentrations, Atmos.
Chem. Phys., 16, 1491–1509, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-1491-2016, 2016. a
Kerkweg, A., Buchholz, J., Ganzeveld, L., Pozzer, A., Tost, H., and Joeckel,
P.: Technical Note: An implementation of the dry removal processes DRY
DEPosition and SEDImentation in the Modular Earth Submodel System
(MESSy), Atmos. Chem. Phys., 6, 4617–4632, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-6-4617-2006,
2006a. a
Kerkweg, A., Sander, R., Tost, H., and Joeckel, P.: Technical note:
Implementation of prescribed (OFFLEM), calculated (ONLEM), and
pseudo-emissions (TNUDGE) of chemical species in the Modular Earth
Submodel System (MESSy), Atmos. Chem. Phys., 6, 3603–3609,
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-6-3603-2006,
2006b. a
Klingmueller, K., Steil, B., Bruehl, C., Tost, H., and Lelieveld, J.:
Sensitivity of aerosol radiative effects to different mixing assumptions in
the AEROPT 1.0 submodel of the EMAC atmospheric-chemistry-climate
model, Geosci. Model Dev., 7, 2503–2516, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-7-2503-2014, 2014. a
Klingmueller, K., Pozzer, A., Metzger, S., Stenchikov, G. L., and Lelieveld,
J.: Aerosol optical depth trend over the Middle East, Atmos. Chem. Phys.,
16, 5063–5073, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-5063-2016, 2016. a
Klingmueller, K., Metzger, S., Abdelkader, M., Karydis, V. A., Stenchikov,
G. L., Pozzer, A., and Lelieveld, J.: Revised mineral dust emissions in the
atmospheric chemistry-climate model EMAC (MESSy 2.52 DU_Astitha1
KKDU2017 patch), Geosci. Model Dev., 11, 989–1008,
https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-11-989-2018, 2018. a
Koo, B., Wilson, G. M., Morris, R. E., Dunker, A. M., and Yarwood, G.:
Comparison of Source Apportionment and Sensitivity Analysis in a
Particulate Matter Air Quality Model, Environ. Sci. Technol., 43,
6669–6675, https://doi.org/10.1021/es9008129, 2009. a
Koo, B., Metzger, S., Emery, C., Wilson, G., and Yarwood, G.: Comparing the
ISORROPIA and EQSAM Aerosol Thermodynamic Options in CAMx – ITM
2018 – 36th international technical meeting on air pollution
modelling and its application, 14–18 May 2018, the Lord
Elgin Hotel, Ottawa, Canada, (in conjunction with the
annual WMO-Gurme Meeting), https://itm2018.vito.be,
[1] Ramboll, 773 San Marin Dr., Suite 2115, Novato, CA 94945, USA, [2]
ResearchConcepts io GmbH, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany, 2018. a
Lac, C., Chaboureau, J.-P., Masson, V., Pinty, J.-P., Tulet, P., Escobar, J.,
Leriche, M., Barthe, C., Aouizerats, B., Augros, C., Aumond, P., Auguste, F.,
Bechtold, P., Berthet, S., Bieilli, S., Bosseur, F., Caumont, O., Cohard,
J.-M., Colin, J., Couvreux, F., Cuxart, J., Delautier, G., Dauhut, T.,
Ducrocq, V., Filippi, J.-B., Gazen, D., Geoffroy, O., Gheusi, F., Honnert,
R., Lafore, J.-P., Lebeaupin Brossier, C., Libois, Q., Lunet, T., Mari, C.,
Maric, T., Mascart, P., Mogé, M., Molinié, G., Nuissier, O., Pantillon, F.,
Peyrillé, P., Pergaud, J., Perraud, E., Pianezze, J., Redelsperger, J.-L.,
Ricard, D., Richard, E., Riette, S., Rodier, Q., Schoetter, R., Seyfried, L.,
Stein, J., Suhre, K., Taufour, M., Taufour, M., Thouron, O., Turner, S.,
Verrelle, A., Vié, B., Visentin, F., Vionnet, V., and Wautelet, P.: Overview
of the Meso-NH model version 5.4 and its applications, Geosci. Model Dev.
Discussions, pp. 1–66, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-2017-297, 2018. a
Lauer, A., Hendricks, J., Ackermann, I., Schell, B., Hass, H., and Metzger,
S.:
Simulating aerosol microphysics with the ECHAM/MADE GCM – Part
I: Model description and comparison with observations, Atmos. Chem.
Phys., 5, 3251–3276, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-5-3251-2005, 2005. a, b
Lauer, A., Eyring, V., Hendricks, J., Joeckel, P., and Lohmann, U.: Global
model simulations of the impact of ocean-going ships on aerosols, clouds, and
the radiation budget, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 5061–5079,
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-7-5061-2007, 2007. a
Lelieveld, J., Bruehl, C., Joeckel, P., Steil, B., Crutzen, P. J., Fischer,
H.,
Giorgetta, M. A., Hoor, P., Lawrence, M. G., Sausen, R., and Tost, H.:
Stratospheric dryness: model simulations and satellite observations, Atmos.
Chem. Phys., 7, 1313–1332, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-7-1313-2007, 2007. a
Liao, H.: Global impacts of gas-phase chemistry-aerosol interactions on
direct
radiative forcing by anthropogenic aerosols and ozone, J. Geophys. Res.,
110, 1–22,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2005JD005907, 2005. a
Luo, C., Zender, C. S., Bian, H., and Metzger, S.: Role of ammonia chemistry
and coarse mode aerosols in global climatological inorganic aerosol
distributions, Atmos. Environ., 41, 2510–2533,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2006.11.030, 2007. a
Manders, A., Ulft, B. v., Meijgaard, E. v., and Schaap, M.: Coupling of the air
quality model LOTOS-EUROS to the climate model RACMO, in: Coupling of
the air quality model LOTOS-EUROS to the climate model RACMO, Knowledge
for Climate Programme Office, Utrecht,
http://edepot.wur.nl/328070, oCLC: 911880649, 2011. a
Metzger, S., Dentener, F., Krol, M., Jeuken, A., and Lelieveld, J.:
Gas/aerosol
partitioning: 2. Global modeling results, J. Geophys. Res., 107, 1–23,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2001JD001103,
2002b. a, b, c
Metzger, S., Mihalopoulos, N., and Lelieveld, J.: Importance of mineral
cations
and organics in gas-aerosol partitioning of reactive nitrogen compounds: case
study based on MINOS results, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 6, 2549–2567,
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-6-2549-2006, 2006. a, b, c, d
Metzger, S., Steil, B., Xu, L., Penner, J. E., and Lelieveld, J.: New
representation of water activity based on a single solute specific constant
to parameterize the hygroscopic growth of aerosols in atmospheric models,
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 5429–5446, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-5429-2012, 2012. a, b, c, d, e, f, g
Metzger, S., Steil, B., Abdelkader, M., Klingmueller, K., Xu, L., Penner,
J. E., Fountoukis, C., Nenes, A., and Lelieveld, J.: Aerosol water
parameterisation: a single parameter framework, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16,
7213–7237, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-7213-2016,
2016a. a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, i, j, k, l, m, n, o, p, q, r, s, t, u, v, w, x, y, z
Metzger, S., Abdelkader, M., Klingmueller, K., Steil, B., and Lelieveld, J.:
Comparison of Metop PMAp Version 2 AOD Products using Model
Data, Final Report EUMETSAT ITT 15/210839, EUMETSAT, Max Planck Institute
for Chemistry, Department of Atmospheric Chemistry,
http://bit.ly/2Epxf9b (last access: 23 November 2018), 2016b. a, b, c, d, e, f, g
Monahan, E. C., Spiel, D. E., and Davidson, K. L.: A Model of Marine
Aerosol Generation Via Whitecaps and Wave Disruption, in: Oceanic
Whitecaps, edited by: Monahan, E. C. and Niocaill, G. M., Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht,vol. 2,
167–174,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-4668-2_16, 1986. a
Myhre, G., Grini, A., and Metzger, S.: Modelling of nitrate and
ammonium-containing aerosols in presence of sea salt, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 6,
4809–4821, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-6-4809-2006, 2006. a
Nguyen, T. K. V., Ghate, V. P., and Carlton, A. G.: Reconciling satellite
aerosol optical thickness and surface fine particle mass through aerosol
liquid water: ALW AND AOT, Geophys. Res. Lett., 43, 11903–11912,
https://doi.org/10.1002/2016GL070994, 2016. a
Pozzer, A., Joeckel, P., Sander, R., Williams, J., Ganzeveld, L., and
Lelieveld, J.: Technical Note: The MESSy-submodel AIRSEA calculating
the air-sea exchange of chemical species, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 6, 5435–5444,
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-6-5435-2006, 2006. a
Pozzer, A., de Meij, A., Pringle, K. J., Tost, H., Doering, U. M., van
Aardenne, J., and Lelieveld, J.: Distributions and regional budgets of
aerosols and their precursors simulated with the EMAC chemistry-climate
model, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 961–987, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-961-2012, 2012. a, b, c
Pozzer, A., de Meij, A., Yoon, J., Tost, H., Georgoulias, A. K., and Astitha,
M.: AOD trends during 2001–2010 from observations and model simulations,
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 5521–5535, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-5521-2015, 2015. a, b, c
Pozzer, A., Tsimpidi, A. P., Karydis, V. A., de Meij, A., and Lelieveld, J.:
Impact of agricultural emission reductions on fine-particulate matter and
public health, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 12813–12826,
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-12813-2017, 2017. a, b
Pringle, K. J., Tost, H., Message, S., Steil, B., Giannadaki, D., Nenes, A.,
Fountoukis, C., Stier, P., Vignati, E., and Lelieveld, J.: Description and
evaluation of GMXe: a new aerosol submodel for global simulations (v1),
Geosci. Model Dev., 3, 391–412, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-3-391-2010,
2010a. a, b
Pringle, K. J., Tost, H., Metzger, S., Steil, B., Giannadaki, D., Nenes, A.,
Fountoukis, C., Stier, P., Vignati, E., and Lelieveld, J.: Corrigendum to
”Description and evaluation of GMXe: a new aerosol submodel for global
simulations (v1)” published in Geosci. Model Dev., 3, 391–412, 2010,
Geosci. Model Dev., 3, 413–413, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-3-413-2010,
2010b. a, b
Sander, R., Kerkweg, A., Joeckel, P., and Lelieveld, J.: Technical note:
The
new comprehensive atmospheric chemistry module MECCA, Atmos. Chem. Phys.,
5, 445–450, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-5-445-2005, 2005. a
Saxena, P., Belle Hudischewskyj, A., Seigneur, C., and Seinfeld, J. H.: A
comparative study of equilibrium approaches to the chemical characterization
of secondary aerosols, Atmos. Environ., 20, 1471–1483,
https://doi.org/10.1016/0004-6981(86)90019-3,
1986. a, b
Schell, B., Ackermann, I. J., Hass, H., Binkowski, F. S., and Ebel, A.:
Modeling the formation of secondary organic aerosol within a comprehensive
air quality model system, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos, 106,
28275–28293, https://doi.org/10.1029/2001JD000384, 2001. a
Simpson, D., Fagerli, H., Jonson, J. E., Tsyro, S., Wind, P., and Tuovinen,
J.-P.: Transboundary Acidification, Eutrophication and Ground Level
Ozone in Europe. PART I Unified EMEP Model Description.,
EMEP Status Report 2003 EMEP Report 1/2003, Norwegian Meteorological
Institute,
http://www.emep.int/publ/reports/2003/emep_report_1_part1_2003.pdf, 2003.
a
Simpson, D., Benedictow, A., Berge, H., Bergstroem, R., Emberson, L. D.,
Fagerli, H., Flechard, C. R., Hayman, G. D., Gauss, M., Jonson, J. E.,
Jenkin, M. E., Nyíri, A., Richter, C., Semeena, V. S., Tsyro, S., Tuovinen,
J.-P., Valdebenito, A., and Wind, P.: The EMEP MSC-W chemical transport
model – technical description, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 7825–7865,
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-7825-2012, 2012. a, b
Tørseth, K., Aas, W., Breivik, K., Fjæraa, A. M., Fiebig, M.,
Hjellbrekke,
A. G., Lund Myhre, C., Solberg, S., and Yttri, K. E.: Introduction to the
European Monitoring and Evaluation Programme (EMEP) and observed
atmospheric composition change during 1972–2009, Atmos. Chem. Phys.,
12, 5447–5481, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-5447-2012, 2012. a
Tost, H., Joeckel, P., Kerkweg, A., Sander, R., and Lelieveld, J.: Technical
note: A new comprehensive SCAVenging submodel for global atmospheric
chemistry modelling, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 6, 565–574,
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-6-565-2006,
2006a. a
Tost, H., Joeckel, P., and Lelieveld, J.: Influence of different convection
parameterisations in a GCM, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 6, 5475–5493,
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-6-5475-2006,
2006b. a, b
Tost, H., Joeckel, P., and Lelieveld, J.: Lightning and convection
parameterisations – uncertainties in global modelling, Atmos. Chem.
Phys., 7, 4553–4568, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-7-4553-2007, 2007. a, b
Trebs, I., Metzger, S., Meixner, F. X., Helas, G., Hoffer, A., Rudich, Y.,
Falkovich, A. H., Moura, M. A. L., da Silva Jr., R. S., Artaxo, P., Slanina,
J., and Andreae, M. O.: The NH
Tsigaridis, K., Krol, M., Dentener, F. J., Balkanski, Y., Lathière, J.,
Metzger, S., Hauglustaine, D. A., and Kanakidou, M.: Change in global aerosol
composition since preindustrial times, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 6, 5143–5162,
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-6-5143-2006, 2006. a
Van Meijgaard, E. and KNMI.: The KNMI regional atmospheric climate model
RACMO version 2.1., Koninklijk Nederlands Meteorologisch Instituut, De
Bilt, 2008. a
von Kuhlmann, R., Lawrence, M. G., Crutzen, P. J., and Rasch, P. J.: A model
for studies of tropospheric ozone and nonmethane hydrocarbons: Model
description and ozone results: MATCH-MPIC DESCRIPTION AND OZONE
RESULTS, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 108, 1–22,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2002JD002893, 2003. a
Zhang, Y., Sartelet, K., Wu, S.-Y., and Seigneur, C.: Application of
WRF/Chem-MADRID and WRF/Polyphemus in Europe – Part 1:
Model description, evaluation of meteorological predictions, and
aerosol–meteorology interactions, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 6807–6843,
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-6807-2013, 2013. a
Short summary
This paper discusses the importance of aerosol water for aerosol optical depth calculations using a long-term evaluation of the global chemistry climate and Earth system model EMAC through a comparison of EQSAM4clim and ISORROPIA II with observations at climate timescales. Sensitivity studies with different levels of chemical aging and associated water uptake demonstrate the importance of aerosol water for climate modeling studies.
This paper discusses the importance of aerosol water for aerosol optical depth calculations...
Altmetrics
Final-revised paper
Preprint