Articles | Volume 17, issue 3
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-1641-2017
© Author(s) 2017. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-1641-2017
© Author(s) 2017. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
Understanding severe winter haze events in the North China Plain in 2014: roles of climate anomalies
Zhicong Yin
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster, Ministry of Education/Joint International Research Laboratory of Climate and Environment Change (ILCEC)/Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of
Meteorological Disasters (CIC-FEMD), Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
Nansen-Zhu International Research Centre, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
Huijun Wang
Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster, Ministry of Education/Joint International Research Laboratory of Climate and Environment Change (ILCEC)/Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of
Meteorological Disasters (CIC-FEMD), Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
Nansen-Zhu International Research Centre, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
Climate Change Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
Huopo Chen
Nansen-Zhu International Research Centre, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
Climate Change Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster, Ministry of Education/Joint International Research Laboratory of Climate and Environment Change (ILCEC)/Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of
Meteorological Disasters (CIC-FEMD), Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
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It is a must to disentangle the contributions of stable meteorology from the effects of the COVID-19 lockdown. A 59 % decline in PM2.5 related to the COVID-19 pandemic was found in North China. The COVID-19 quarantine measures decreased the PM2.5 in the Yangtze River Delta by 72 %. In Hubei Province where most pneumonia cases were confirmed, the impact of the total emission reduction (72 %) evidently exceeded the rising percentage of PM2.5 driven by meteorology (13 %).
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Haze events in early winter in North China exhibited rapid growth after 2010, which was completely different from the slow decline observed before 2010. However, global warming and anthropogenic emissions could not explain this trend reversal well, which was puzzling. Our study found that four climate factors, exhibiting completely opposite trends before and after 2010, effectively drove the trend reversal of the haze pollution in North China.
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Ozone occurs both in the stratosphere and at ground level. Surface ozone is a man-made air pollutant and has harmful effects on people and the environment. Two dominant patterns of summer ozone pollution were determined. The most dominant pattern in 2017 and 2018 was different from that in previous years. The findings of this study help us to understand the features of surface ozone pollution in eastern China and their relationships with large-scale atmospheric circulations.
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Haze pollution in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region has become increasingly more severe and persistent in recent years.This research focused on severe haze during 2014–2016 and examined the impacts of the anticyclonic anomalies over northeastern Asia. The advance and retreat of anticyclonic anomalies over northeastern Asia (AANA) corresponded with the emergence and dissipation of severe haze, illustrating that AANA could be effective forecast indicators for air quality.
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Recently, haze pollution in the North China has been serious and disastrous. The preceding heavy autumn sea ice intensified the early winter haze pollution over North China. The results provide possibilities for the seasonal to interannual prediction of haze pollution that helps to determine whether extra stringent emission control measures are needed to counteract the effect of climate variability.
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The number of December haze days over North China and the Huanghuai area has increased sharply since 2010 and was greatest in 2016. During 2016, the most aggressive control measures for anthropogenic emissions were implemented from 16 to 21 December, but the most severe haze pollution still occurred, covering approximately 25 % of the land area of China and lasting for 6 days. The atmospheric circulations must play critical roles in the sub-seasonal haze events.
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Recently, the winter haze pollution over the north central North China Plain has become severe. By treating the year-to-year increment as the predictand, two new statistical schemes were established using the multiple linear regression and the generalized additive model approaches. After cross validation, both of these models could capture the interannual and interdecadal trends and the extremums successfully. Independent tests for 2014 and 2015 also confirmed the good predictive skill.
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Haze events in early winter in North China exhibited rapid growth after 2010, which was completely different from the slow decline observed before 2010. However, global warming and anthropogenic emissions could not explain this trend reversal well, which was puzzling. Our study found that four climate factors, exhibiting completely opposite trends before and after 2010, effectively drove the trend reversal of the haze pollution in North China.
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Run Liu, Lu Mao, Shaw Chen Liu, Yuanhang Zhang, Hong Liao, Huopo Chen, and Yuhang Wang
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The recent paper by Shen et al. (2018; referred to hereafter as SHEN) made a sweeping statement on the winter haze pollution in Beijing by claiming an
Insignificant effect of climate change on winter haze in Beijing. We argue that the paper contains three serious flaws. Any one of the three flaws can nullify the claim of SHEN.
Wogu Zhong, Zhicong Yin, and Huijun Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 5941–5957, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-5941-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-5941-2019, 2019
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Haze pollution in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region has become increasingly more severe and persistent in recent years.This research focused on severe haze during 2014–2016 and examined the impacts of the anticyclonic anomalies over northeastern Asia. The advance and retreat of anticyclonic anomalies over northeastern Asia (AANA) corresponded with the emergence and dissipation of severe haze, illustrating that AANA could be effective forecast indicators for air quality.
Zhicong Yin, Huijun Wang, Yuyan Li, Xiaohui Ma, and Xinyu Zhang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 3857–3871, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-3857-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-3857-2019, 2019
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Summer surface ozone pollution has rapidly intensified recently, damaging human and ecosystem health. This study aims to examine the large-scale atmospheric circulations associated with the interannual variation in summer surface O3 pollution in North China based on long-term meteorological observations. The impacts of Arctic sea ice were also revealed. The outcomes may provide a basis for understanding the interannual variation of 03 pollution and its seasonal to interannual prediction.
Zhicong Yin, Yuyan Li, and Huijun Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 1439–1453, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-1439-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-1439-2019, 2019
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Recently, haze pollution in the North China has been serious and disastrous. The preceding heavy autumn sea ice intensified the early winter haze pollution over North China. The results provide possibilities for the seasonal to interannual prediction of haze pollution that helps to determine whether extra stringent emission control measures are needed to counteract the effect of climate variability.
Huopo Chen, Huijun Wang, Jianqi Sun, Yangyang Xu, and Zhicong Yin
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 233–243, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-233-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-233-2019, 2019
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Our results show that the anthropogenic air pollution over eastern China will increase considerably at the end of 21st century, even though we keep the aerosol emission constant throughout the experiment. Furthermore, estimation shows that the effect of climate change induced by the GHG warming can account for 11%–28% of the changes of anthropogenic air pollution days over this region.
Jian Shi, Qing Yan, and Huijun Wang
Clim. Past, 14, 577–591, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-14-577-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-14-577-2018, 2018
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The paleo-East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) is widely reconstructed by precipitation/humidity proxies over East Asia. However, based on numerical simulations over the last millennium, we find that the multi-decadal relationship between the EASM and precipitation over eastern China is non-stationary, which may be attributed to the internal variability of the climate system rather than the external forcings. In contrast, the centennial EASM–precipitation relationship is much more close and stable.
Zhicong Yin and Huijun Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 4753–4763, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-4753-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-4753-2018, 2018
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In China, the haze pollution in December has become increasingly serious over recent decades. The relationship between the snow cover and the December haze days was analyzed. This relationship significantly strengthened after the mid-1990s, which is attributed to the effective connections between the snow cover and the Eurasian atmospheric circulations.
Zhicong Yin and Huijun Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 11673–11681, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-11673-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-11673-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
The number of December haze days over North China and the Huanghuai area has increased sharply since 2010 and was greatest in 2016. During 2016, the most aggressive control measures for anthropogenic emissions were implemented from 16 to 21 December, but the most severe haze pollution still occurred, covering approximately 25 % of the land area of China and lasting for 6 days. The atmospheric circulations must play critical roles in the sub-seasonal haze events.
Zhicong Yin and Huijun Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 14843–14852, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-14843-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-14843-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Recently, the winter haze pollution over the north central North China Plain has become severe. By treating the year-to-year increment as the predictand, two new statistical schemes were established using the multiple linear regression and the generalized additive model approaches. After cross validation, both of these models could capture the interannual and interdecadal trends and the extremums successfully. Independent tests for 2014 and 2015 also confirmed the good predictive skill.
Hui-Jun Wang and Huo-Po Chen
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 4205–4211, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-4205-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-4205-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
The variability of the autumn Arctic sea ice extent, local precipitation and surface wind during winter is most influential to the haze pollution change in eastern China. The joint effect of fast increase of total energy consumption, rapid decline of Arctic sea ice extent and reduced precipitation and surface winds intensified the haze pollution in central North China after 2000. There is similar conclusion for haze pollution in eastern South China after 2000.
T. Wang, H. J. Wang, O. H. Otterå, Y. Q. Gao, L. L. Suo, T. Furevik, and L. Yu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 12433–12450, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-12433-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-12433-2013, 2013
Related subject area
Subject: Dynamics | Research Activity: Laboratory Studies | Altitude Range: Troposphere | Science Focus: Physics (physical properties and processes)
Three dominant synoptic atmospheric circulation patterns influencing severe winter haze in eastern China
Impact of turbulence on aeolian particle entrainment: results from wind-tunnel experiments
Linkages between the atmospheric transmission originating from the North Atlantic Oscillation and persistent winter haze over Beijing
Comparison of the influence of two types of cold surge on haze dispersion in eastern China
Water vapor anomaly over the tropical western Pacific in El Niño winters from radiosonde and satellite observations and ERA5 reanalysis data
Characteristics of the summer atmospheric boundary layer height over the Tibetan Plateau and influential factors
The relationship between anticyclonic anomalies in northeastern Asia and severe haze in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region
Response of early winter haze in the North China Plain to autumn Beaufort sea ice
Understanding the recent trend of haze pollution in eastern China: roles of climate change
Impacts of the mountain–plains solenoid and cold pool dynamics on the diurnal variation of warm-season precipitation over northern China
Shiyue Zhang, Gang Zeng, Tijian Wang, Xiaoye Yang, and Vedaste Iyakaremye
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 16017–16030, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-16017-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-16017-2022, 2022
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Severe haze days in eastern China (HDEC) are affected by the atmospheric circulation variations on a synoptic scale, while the dominant atmospheric circulation patterns influencing HDEC and the differences between them are still unclear. This study obtains three dominant circulation types that could lead to severe HDEC and investigates the differences between them. The results provide a basis for establishing applicable haze prediction and management policies.
Jie Zhang, Guang Li, Li Shi, Ning Huang, and Yaping Shao
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 9525–9535, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-9525-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-9525-2022, 2022
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Sand and dust emission are usually investigated by wind-tunnel experiments. However, wind-tunnel flows are usually neutrally stratified without large eddies, which typically develop in the convective atmospheric boundary layer. Here we proposed a novel technique by deploying a piece of randomly fluttering cloth in a wind tunnel to generate the large eddies and found them to enhance the entrainment of sand and dust particles, which explains why large eddies are important to aeolian entrainment.
Muyuan Li, Yao Yao, Ian Simmonds, Dehai Luo, Linhao Zhong, and Lin Pei
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 18573–18588, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-18573-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-18573-2021, 2021
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We found that an atmospheric transmission constituted by a western-type positive North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO+) pattern and a positive East Atlantic/West Russia (EA/WR+) pattern plays an essential role in the persistent haze events in Beijing. As the origin of the atmospheric transmission, the state of the western-type NAO pattern can help to increase the predictability of winter haze days and persistent haze events in Beijing on interannual and daily-to-weekly timescales.
Shiyue Zhang, Gang Zeng, Xiaoye Yang, Ruixi Wu, and Zhicong Yin
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 15185–15197, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-15185-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-15185-2021, 2021
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This study classified the winter cold surge in eastern China into blocking cold surge and wave-train cold surge and investigated the difference of haze dispersion ability between the two types. The results show that the haze dispersion of blocking cold surge is weaker than that of wave-train cold surge. In the past 4 decades, the frequency of wave-train (blocking) cold surge shows a downward (upward) trend, which means that the ability of cold surge to disperse haze is declining.
Minkang Du, Kaiming Huang, Shaodong Zhang, Chunming Huang, Yun Gong, and Fan Yi
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 13553–13569, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-13553-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-13553-2021, 2021
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El Niño has an important influence on climate systems. There are obviously negative water vapor anomalies from radiosonde observations in the tropical western Pacific during El Niño. The tropical Hadley, Walker, and monsoon circulation variations are revealed to play different roles in the observed water vapor anomaly in different types of El Niños. The Walker (monsoon) circulation anomaly made a major contribution in the 2015/16 (2009/10) strong eastern Pacific (central Pacific) El Niño event.
Junhui Che and Ping Zhao
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 5253–5268, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-5253-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-5253-2021, 2021
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The importance of the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) is recognized, but little is known about the Tibetan Plateau (TP) ABL due to the scarce data. Based on new observations from the Third Tibetan Plateau Atmospheric Scientific Experiment, we reveal a big drop in the ABL height from the west to the east of the TP for the first time, which is more remarkable than in the United States and all of China. This steep inhomogeneity in the TP is due to the difference in local climate and environment.
Wogu Zhong, Zhicong Yin, and Huijun Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 5941–5957, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-5941-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-5941-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Haze pollution in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region has become increasingly more severe and persistent in recent years.This research focused on severe haze during 2014–2016 and examined the impacts of the anticyclonic anomalies over northeastern Asia. The advance and retreat of anticyclonic anomalies over northeastern Asia (AANA) corresponded with the emergence and dissipation of severe haze, illustrating that AANA could be effective forecast indicators for air quality.
Zhicong Yin, Yuyan Li, and Huijun Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 1439–1453, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-1439-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-1439-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Recently, haze pollution in the North China has been serious and disastrous. The preceding heavy autumn sea ice intensified the early winter haze pollution over North China. The results provide possibilities for the seasonal to interannual prediction of haze pollution that helps to determine whether extra stringent emission control measures are needed to counteract the effect of climate variability.
Hui-Jun Wang and Huo-Po Chen
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 4205–4211, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-4205-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-4205-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
The variability of the autumn Arctic sea ice extent, local precipitation and surface wind during winter is most influential to the haze pollution change in eastern China. The joint effect of fast increase of total energy consumption, rapid decline of Arctic sea ice extent and reduced precipitation and surface winds intensified the haze pollution in central North China after 2000. There is similar conclusion for haze pollution in eastern South China after 2000.
Xinghua Bao and Fuqing Zhang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 6965–6982, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-6965-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-6965-2013, 2013
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Short summary
The number of winter haze days over the north-central North China Plain in 2014 was largest in the past 30 years. With the anticyclone circulation over North China taken as an intermediate, the positive phases of the east Atlantic/west Russia, western Pacific, and Eurasian patterns led to a larger number of haze days in 2014. The related external forcing included preceding autumn Arctic sea ice, winter and pre-autumn surface temperature, and pre-autumn sea surface temperature in the Pacific.
The number of winter haze days over the north-central North China Plain in 2014 was largest in...
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