Articles | Volume 16, issue 1
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-215-2016
© Author(s) 2016. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-215-2016
© Author(s) 2016. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
Research article
| 
18 Jan 2016
Research article |
| 18 Jan 2016
Effects of emission reductions on organic aerosol in the southeastern United States
Envair, Albany, CA, USA
G. M. Hidy
Envair/Aerochem, Placitas, NM, USA
S. Shaw
Environmental Sector, Electric Power Research Institute, Palo Alto, CA, USA
K. Baumann
Atmospheric Research and Analysis, Cary, NC, USA
E. S. Edgerton
Atmospheric Research and Analysis, Cary, NC, USA
Related authors
Paul A. Solomon, Dena Vallano, Melissa Lunden, Brian LaFranchi, Charles L. Blanchard, and Stephanie L. Shaw
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 13, 3277–3301, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-3277-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-3277-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Analyzing street-level air pollutants (2016–2017), this assessment indicates that mobile measurement is precise and accurate (5 % to 25 % bias) relative to regulatory sites, with higher spatial resolution. Collocated sensor measurements in California showed differences less than 20 %, suggesting that greater differences represent spatial variability. Mobile data confirm regulatory-site spatial representation and that pollutant levels can also be 6 to 8 times higher just blocks apart.
Charles L. Blanchard and George M. Hidy
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 8183–8202, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-8183-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-8183-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Ozone (O3) formation in the southeastern US was studied in relation to nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions using long-term (1990s–2015) measurements of the SEARCH network and U.S. EPA data. NOx emissions decreased by ~ 60 %. Annual fourth-highest daily peak 8 h O3 mixing ratios declined toward ~ 45–50 ppbv at ~1 ppbv yr−1 and O3 exhibited increasing sensitivity to NOx. This study illustrates the value of consistent, long-term measurements of O3 and reactive nitrogen made at both urban and rural sites.
G. M. Hidy, C. L. Blanchard, K. Baumann, E. Edgerton, S. Tanenbaum, S. Shaw, E. Knipping, I. Tombach, J. Jansen, and J. Walters
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 11893–11914, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-11893-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-11893-2014, 2014
Short summary
Short summary
This paper reviews aerometric measurements from Centreville, Alabama. The measurements show annual trends with air pollution emissions from 1999 to 2013. They provide a context for observations from 1 June to 15 July 2013 supporting the Southern Oxidant and Aerosol Study. An important goal of this experiment was to advance knowledge of aerosols produced in the atmosphere from precursors. The observations were in moist and warm conditions with the lowest gas and particle concentrations recorded.
John T. Walker, Xi Chen, Zhiyong Wu, Donna Schwede, Ryan Daly, Aleksandra Djurkovic, A. Christopher Oishi, Eric Edgerton, Jesse Bash, Jennifer Knoepp, Melissa Puchalski, John Iiames, and Chelcy F. Miniat
Biogeosciences, 20, 971–995, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-971-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-971-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Better estimates of atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition are needed to accurately assess ecosystem risk and impacts from deposition of nutrients and acidity. Using measurements and modeling, we estimate total N deposition of 6.7 kg N ha−1 yr−1 at a forest site in the southern Appalachian Mountains, a region sensitive to atmospheric deposition. Reductions in deposition of reduced forms of N (ammonia and ammonium) will be needed to meet the lowest estimates of N critical loads for the region.
Alexandra J. Boris, Satoshi Takahama, Andrew T. Weakley, Bruno M. Debus, Stephanie L. Shaw, Eric S. Edgerton, Taekyu Joo, Nga L. Ng, and Ann M. Dillner
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 14, 4355–4374, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-4355-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-4355-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Infrared spectrometry can be applied in routine monitoring of atmospheric particles to give comprehensive characterization of the organic material by bond rather than species. Using this technique, the concentrations of particle organic material were found to decrease 2011–2016 in the southeastern US, driven by a decline in highly aged material, concurrent with declining anthropogenic emissions. However, an increase was observed in the fraction of more moderately aged organic matter.
Yiqi Zheng, Joel A. Thornton, Nga Lee Ng, Hansen Cao, Daven K. Henze, Erin E. McDuffie, Weiwei Hu, Jose L. Jimenez, Eloise A. Marais, Eric Edgerton, and Jingqiu Mao
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 13091–13107, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-13091-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-13091-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
This study aims to address a challenge in biosphere–atmosphere interactions: to what extent can biogenic organic aerosol (OA) be modified through human activities? From three surface network observations, we show OA is weakly dependent on sulfate and aerosol acidity in the summer southeast US, on both long-term trends and monthly variability. The results are in strong contrast to a global model, GEOS-Chem, suggesting the need to revisit the representation of aqueous-phase secondary OA formation.
Paul A. Solomon, Dena Vallano, Melissa Lunden, Brian LaFranchi, Charles L. Blanchard, and Stephanie L. Shaw
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 13, 3277–3301, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-3277-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-3277-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Analyzing street-level air pollutants (2016–2017), this assessment indicates that mobile measurement is precise and accurate (5 % to 25 % bias) relative to regulatory sites, with higher spatial resolution. Collocated sensor measurements in California showed differences less than 20 %, suggesting that greater differences represent spatial variability. Mobile data confirm regulatory-site spatial representation and that pollutant levels can also be 6 to 8 times higher just blocks apart.
Charlotte Bürki, Matteo Reggente, Ann M. Dillner, Jenny L. Hand, Stephanie L. Shaw, and Satoshi Takahama
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 13, 1517–1538, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-1517-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-1517-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Infrared spectroscopy is a chemically informative method for particulate matter characterization. However, recent work has demonstrated that predictions depend heavily on the choice of calibration model parameters. We propose a means for managing parameter uncertainties by combining available data from laboratory standards, molecular databases, and collocated ambient measurements to provide useful characterization of atmospheric organic matter on a large scale.
Alexandra J. Boris, Satoshi Takahama, Andrew T. Weakley, Bruno M. Debus, Carley D. Fredrickson, Martin Esparza-Sanchez, Charlotte Burki, Matteo Reggente, Stephanie L. Shaw, Eric S. Edgerton, and Ann M. Dillner
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 12, 5391–5415, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-12-5391-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-12-5391-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Organic species are abundant in atmospheric particle-phase (aerosol) pollution and originate from a variety of biogenic and anthropogenic sources. Infrared spectrometry of filter-based atmospheric particle samples can afford a direct measurement of the particulate organic matter concentration and a characterization of its composition. This work discusses recent method improvements and compositions measured in samples from the SouthEastern Aerosol Research and Characterization (SEARCH) network.
Shino Toma, Steve Bertman, Christopher Groff, Fulizi Xiong, Paul B. Shepson, Paul Romer, Kaitlin Duffey, Paul Wooldridge, Ronald Cohen, Karsten Baumann, Eric Edgerton, Abigail R. Koss, Joost de Gouw, Allen Goldstein, Weiwei Hu, and Jose L. Jimenez
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 1867–1880, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-1867-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-1867-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Acyl peroxy nitrates (APN) were measured near the ground in Alabama using GC in summer 2013 to study biosphere–atmosphere interactions. APN were lower than measured in the SE USA over the past 2 decades. Historical data showed APN in 2013 was limited by NOx and production was dominated by biogenic precursors more than in the past. Isoprene-derived MPAN correlated with isoprene hydroxynitrates as NOx-dependent products. MPAN varied with aerosol growth, but not with N-containing particles.
Charles L. Blanchard and George M. Hidy
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 8183–8202, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-8183-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-8183-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Ozone (O3) formation in the southeastern US was studied in relation to nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions using long-term (1990s–2015) measurements of the SEARCH network and U.S. EPA data. NOx emissions decreased by ~ 60 %. Annual fourth-highest daily peak 8 h O3 mixing ratios declined toward ~ 45–50 ppbv at ~1 ppbv yr−1 and O3 exhibited increasing sensitivity to NOx. This study illustrates the value of consistent, long-term measurements of O3 and reactive nitrogen made at both urban and rural sites.
Xi Chen, Mingjie Xie, Michael D. Hays, Eric Edgerton, Donna Schwede, and John T. Walker
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 6829–6846, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-6829-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-6829-2018, 2018
Paul S. Romer, Kaitlin C. Duffey, Paul J. Wooldridge, Eric Edgerton, Karsten Baumann, Philip A. Feiner, David O. Miller, William H. Brune, Abigail R. Koss, Joost A. de Gouw, Pawel K. Misztal, Allen H. Goldstein, and Ronald C. Cohen
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 2601–2614, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-2601-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-2601-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Observations of increased ozone on hotter days are widely reported, but the mechanisms driving this relationship remain uncertain. We use measurements from the rural southeastern United States to study how temperature affects ozone production. We find that changing NOx emissions, most likely from soil microbes, can be a major driver of increased ozone with temperature in the continental background. These findings suggest that ozone will increase with temperature under a wide range of conditions.
Jiaoyan Huang, Matthieu B. Miller, Eric Edgerton, and Mae Sexauer Gustin
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 1689–1698, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-1689-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-1689-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
The highest mercury (Hg) wet deposition in USA occurs along the Gulf of Mexico. Gaseous oxidized Hg (GOM) is a major contributor due to high water solubility and reactivity. Concentration and dry deposition of GOM were determined for OLF, Florida. Results indicated at least 5 GOM compounds in this area including HgBr2, HgO, and Hg–nitrogen and –sulfur forms. GOM chemistry indicates reactions with local mobile source pollutants and long-range transport from outside of the USA.
Anusha P. S. Hettiyadura, Thilina Jayarathne, Karsten Baumann, Allen H. Goldstein, Joost A. de Gouw, Abigail Koss, Frank N. Keutsch, Kate Skog, and Elizabeth A. Stone
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 1343–1359, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-1343-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-1343-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
Organosulfates are components of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formed in the presence of sulfate. Herein, their abundance, identity, and potential to form as sampling artifacts were studied in Centreville, AL, USA. The 10 most abundant signals accounted for 58–78 % of the total, with at least 20–200 other species accounting for the remainder. These major species were largely associated with biogenic gases, like isoprene and monoterpenes, and are proposed targets for future standard development.
Weiwei Hu, Brett B. Palm, Douglas A. Day, Pedro Campuzano-Jost, Jordan E. Krechmer, Zhe Peng, Suzane S. de Sá, Scot T. Martin, M. Lizabeth Alexander, Karsten Baumann, Lina Hacker, Astrid Kiendler-Scharr, Abigail R. Koss, Joost A. de Gouw, Allen H. Goldstein, Roger Seco, Steven J. Sjostedt, Jeong-Hoo Park, Alex B. Guenther, Saewung Kim, Francesco Canonaco, André S. H. Prévôt, William H. Brune, and Jose L. Jimenez
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 11563–11580, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-11563-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-11563-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
IEPOX-SOA is biogenically derived secondary organic aerosol under anthropogenic influence, which has been shown to comprise a substantial fraction of OA globally. We investigated the lifetime of ambient IEPOX-SOA in the SE US and Amazonia, with an oxidation flow reactor and thermodenuder coupled with MS-based instrumentation. The low volatility and long lifetime of IEPOX-SOA against OH radicals' oxidation (> 2 weeks) was observed, which can help to constrain OA impact on air quality and climate.
J. Kaiser, K. M. Skog, K. Baumann, S. B. Bertman, S. B. Brown, W. H. Brune, J. D. Crounse, J. A. de Gouw, E. S. Edgerton, P. A. Feiner, A. H. Goldstein, A. Koss, P. K. Misztal, T. B. Nguyen, K. F. Olson, J. M. St. Clair, A. P. Teng, S. Toma, P. O. Wennberg, R. J. Wild, L. Zhang, and F. N. Keutsch
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 9349–9359, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-9349-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-9349-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
OH reactivity can be used to assess the amount of reactive carbon in an air mass. “Missing” reactivity is commonly found in forested environments and is attributed to either direct emissions of unmeasured volatile organic compounds or to unmeasured/underpredicted oxidation products. Using a box model and measurements from the 2013 SOAS campaign, we find only small discrepancies in measured and calculated reactivity. Our results suggest the discrepancies stem from unmeasured direct emissions.
Luping Su, Edward G. Patton, Jordi Vilà-Guerau de Arellano, Alex B. Guenther, Lisa Kaser, Bin Yuan, Fulizi Xiong, Paul B. Shepson, Li Zhang, David O. Miller, William H. Brune, Karsten Baumann, Eric Edgerton, Andrew Weinheimer, Pawel K. Misztal, Jeong-Hoo Park, Allen H. Goldstein, Kate M. Skog, Frank N. Keutsch, and John E. Mak
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 7725–7741, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-7725-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-7725-2016, 2016
Sri Hapsari Budisulistiorini, Karsten Baumann, Eric S. Edgerton, Solomon T. Bairai, Stephen Mueller, Stephanie L. Shaw, Eladio M. Knipping, Avram Gold, and Jason D. Surratt
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 5171–5189, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-5171-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-5171-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
A year-long near-real-time characterization of non-refractory submicron aerosol (NR-PM1) was conducted at an urban (Atlanta, Georgia, in 2012) and rural (Look Rock, Tennessee, in 2013) site in the southeastern US using the Aerodyne Aerosol Chemical Speciation Monitor, collocated with established air-monitoring network measurements, to identify sources of organic aerosol (OA). Further, high-volume filter samples were collected for measurements of OA tracers by offline mass spectrometry tools.
Weruka Rattanavaraha, Kevin Chu, Sri Hapsari Budisulistiorini, Matthieu Riva, Ying-Hsuan Lin, Eric S. Edgerton, Karsten Baumann, Stephanie L. Shaw, Hongyu Guo, Laura King, Rodney J. Weber, Miranda E. Neff, Elizabeth A. Stone, John H. Offenberg, Zhenfa Zhang, Avram Gold, and Jason D. Surratt
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 4897–4914, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-4897-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-4897-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
The mechanisms by which specific anthropogenic pollutants enhance isoprene SOA in ambient PM2.5 remain unclear. As one aspect of an investigation to examine how anthropogenic pollutants influence isoprene-derived SOA formation, high-volume PM2.5 filter samples were collected from Birmingham, AL, during the 2013 Southern Oxidant and Aerosol Study (SOAS). Isoprene SOA tracers were measured from these samples and compared to gas and aerosol data collected from the SEARCH network.
Sean Coburn, Barbara Dix, Eric Edgerton, Christopher D. Holmes, Douglas Kinnison, Qing Liang, Arnout ter Schure, Siyuan Wang, and Rainer Volkamer
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 3743–3760, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-3743-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-3743-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Here we present a day of case study measurements of the vertical distribution of bromine monoxide over the coastal region of the Gulf of Mexico. These measurements are used to assess the contribution of bromine radicals to the oxidation of elemental mercury in the troposphere. We find that the measured levels of bromine in the troposphere are sufficient to quickly oxidize mercury, which has significant implications for our understanding of atmospheric mercury processes.
B. R. Ayres, H. M. Allen, D. C. Draper, S. S. Brown, R. J. Wild, J. L. Jimenez, D. A. Day, P. Campuzano-Jost, W. Hu, J. de Gouw, A. Koss, R. C. Cohen, K. C. Duffey, P. Romer, K. Baumann, E. Edgerton, S. Takahama, J. A. Thornton, B. H. Lee, F. D. Lopez-Hilfiker, C. Mohr, P. O. Wennberg, T. B. Nguyen, A. Teng, A. H. Goldstein, K. Olson, and J. L. Fry
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 13377–13392, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-13377-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-13377-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
This paper reports atmospheric gas- and aerosol-phase field measurements from the southeastern United States in summer 2013 to demonstrate that the oxidation of biogenic volatile organic compounds by nitrate radical produces a substantial amount of secondary organic aerosol in this region. This process, driven largely by monoterpenes, results in a comparable aerosol nitrate production rate to inorganic nitrate formation by heterogeneous uptake of HNO3 onto dust particles.
F. Xiong, K. M. McAvey, K. A. Pratt, C. J. Groff, M. A. Hostetler, M. A. Lipton, T. K. Starn, J. V. Seeley, S. B. Bertman, A. P. Teng, J. D. Crounse, T. B. Nguyen, P. O. Wennberg, P. K. Misztal, A. H. Goldstein, A. B. Guenther, A. R. Koss, K. F. Olson, J. A. de Gouw, K. Baumann, E. S. Edgerton, P. A. Feiner, L. Zhang, D. O. Miller, W. H. Brune, and P. B. Shepson
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 11257–11272, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-11257-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-11257-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
Hydroxynitrates from isoprene oxidation were quantified both in the laboratory and through field studies. The yield of hydroxynitrates 9(+4/-3)% derived from chamber experiments was applied in a zero-dimensional model to simulate the production and loss of isoprene hydroxynitrates in an ambient environment during the 2013 Southern Oxidant and Aerosol Study (SOAS). NOx was determined to be the limiting factor for the formation of isoprene hydroxynitrates during SOAS.
H. M. Allen, D. C. Draper, B. R. Ayres, A. Ault, A. Bondy, S. Takahama, R. L. Modini, K. Baumann, E. Edgerton, C. Knote, A. Laskin, B. Wang, and J. L. Fry
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 10669–10685, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-10669-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-10669-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
We report ion chromatographic measurements of gas- and aerosol-phase inorganic species at the SOAS 2013 field study. Our particular focus is on inorganic nitrate aerosol formation via HNO3 uptake onto coarse-mode dust and sea salt particles, which we find to be the dominant source of episodic inorganic nitrate at this site, due to the high acidity of the particles preventing formation of NH4NO3. We calculate a production rate of inorganic nitrate aerosol.
S. H. Budisulistiorini, X. Li, S. T. Bairai, J. Renfro, Y. Liu, Y. J. Liu, K. A. McKinney, S. T. Martin, V. F. McNeill, H. O. T. Pye, A. Nenes, M. E. Neff, E. A. Stone, S. Mueller, C. Knote, S. L. Shaw, Z. Zhang, A. Gold, and J. D. Surratt
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 8871–8888, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-8871-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-8871-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
Isoprene epoxydiols (IEPOX) are major gas-phase products from the atmospheric oxidation of isoprene that yield secondary organic aerosol (SOA) by reactive uptake onto acidic sulfate aerosol. We report a substantial contribution of IEPOX-derived SOA to the total fine aerosol collected during summer. IEPOX-derived SOA measured by online and offline mass spectrometry techniques is correlated with acidic sulfate aerosol, demonstrating the critical role of anthropogenic emissions in its formation.
D. B. Millet, M. Baasandorj, D. K. Farmer, J. A. Thornton, K. Baumann, P. Brophy, S. Chaliyakunnel, J. A. de Gouw, M. Graus, L. Hu, A. Koss, B. H. Lee, F. D. Lopez-Hilfiker, J. A. Neuman, F. Paulot, J. Peischl, I. B. Pollack, T. B. Ryerson, C. Warneke, B. J. Williams, and J. Xu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 6283–6304, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-6283-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-6283-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
Formic acid (HCOOH) is an abundant atmospheric acid that affects precipitation chemistry and acidity. HCOOH measurements over the USA are 2-3× larger than can be explained by known sources and sinks, revealing a key gap in current understanding. Observations indicate a large biogenic source plus chemical production across a range of precursors. Model simulations cannot capture the HCOOH diurnal amplitude or nocturnal profile, implying a deposition bias and possibly even larger missing source.
J. Huang, M. B. Miller, E. Edgerton, and M. S. Gustin
Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/acpd-15-12069-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/acpd-15-12069-2015, 2015
Revised manuscript not accepted
Short summary
Short summary
Gaseous oxidized Hg (GOM) is a major contributor to Hg in wet and dry deposition. Recent work has indicated that the concentrations of GOM as measured are too low by 3-to-12 times; and that compounds vary across space and time. Data collected in Florida indicate five potential GOM compounds, including HgBr2, HgO, Hg(NO3)2, HgSO4, and an unknown compound. Sources include local combustion (cars and power plants), the marine boundary layer, and long range transport from Asia.
T. Fang, V. Verma, H. Guo, L. E. King, E. S. Edgerton, and R. J. Weber
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 8, 471–482, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-8-471-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-8-471-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
This work summarizes a newly developed semi-automated system for quantifying the oxidative potential of aerosol aqueous extracts using the dithiothreitol (DTT) assay. 500 sample analyses indicate that DTT activity in the southeast US is likely not dominated by a unique local source, and sources change with season. The unique large data set generated with the technique described in this paper allows new studies on DTT sources and investigating linkages between reactive oxygen species and health.
V. Verma, T. Fang, H. Guo, L. King, J. T. Bates, R. E. Peltier, E. Edgerton, A. G. Russell, and R. J. Weber
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 12915–12930, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-12915-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-12915-2014, 2014
Short summary
Short summary
The major emission sources of the reactive oxygen species (ROS) associated with ambient particulate matter in the southeastern United States were identified. The study shows biomass burning and secondary aerosol formation as the major sources contributing to the ROS-generating capability of ambient particles. The ubiquitous nature of these two sources suggests widespread population exposures to the toxic aerosol components.
Y. You, V. P. Kanawade, J. A. de Gouw, A. B. Guenther, S. Madronich, M. R. Sierra-Hernández, M. Lawler, J. N. Smith, S. Takahama, G. Ruggeri, A. Koss, K. Olson, K. Baumann, R. J. Weber, A. Nenes, H. Guo, E. S. Edgerton, L. Porcelli, W. H. Brune, A. H. Goldstein, and S.-H. Lee
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 12181–12194, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-12181-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-12181-2014, 2014
Short summary
Short summary
Amiens play important roles in atmospheric secondary aerosol formation and human health, but the fast response measurements of amines are lacking. Here we show measurements in a southeastern US forest and a moderately polluted midwestern site. Our results show that gas to particle conversion is an important process that controls ambient amine concentrations and that biomass burning is an important source of amines.
G. M. Hidy, C. L. Blanchard, K. Baumann, E. Edgerton, S. Tanenbaum, S. Shaw, E. Knipping, I. Tombach, J. Jansen, and J. Walters
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 11893–11914, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-11893-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-11893-2014, 2014
Short summary
Short summary
This paper reviews aerometric measurements from Centreville, Alabama. The measurements show annual trends with air pollution emissions from 1999 to 2013. They provide a context for observations from 1 June to 15 July 2013 supporting the Southern Oxidant and Aerosol Study. An important goal of this experiment was to advance knowledge of aerosols produced in the atmosphere from precursors. The observations were in moist and warm conditions with the lowest gas and particle concentrations recorded.
S. H. Budisulistiorini, M. R. Canagaratna, P. L. Croteau, K. Baumann, E. S. Edgerton, M. S. Kollman, N. L. Ng, V. Verma, S. L. Shaw, E. M. Knipping, D. R. Worsnop, J. T. Jayne, R.J. Weber, and J. D. Surratt
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 7, 1929–1941, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-7-1929-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-7-1929-2014, 2014
J. Liu, M. Bergin, H. Guo, L. King, N. Kotra, E. Edgerton, and R. J. Weber
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 12389–12404, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-12389-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-12389-2013, 2013
Y.-H. Lin, E. M. Knipping, E. S. Edgerton, S. L. Shaw, and J. D. Surratt
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 8457–8470, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-8457-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-8457-2013, 2013
Related subject area
Subject: Aerosols | Research Activity: Field Measurements | Altitude Range: Troposphere | Science Focus: Chemistry (chemical composition and reactions)
Measurement report: Rapid changes of chemical characteristics and health risks for highly time resolved trace elements in PM2.5 in a typical industrial city in response to stringent clean air actions
Measurement report: Summertime fluorescence characteristics of atmospheric water-soluble organic carbon in the marine boundary layer of the western Arctic Ocean
High frequency of new particle formation events driven by summer monsoon in the central Tibetan Plateau, China
Chemical precursors of new particle formation in coastal New Zealand
Insights into the single-particle composition, size, mixing state, and aspect ratio of freshly emitted mineral dust from field measurements in the Moroccan Sahara using electron microscopy
Seasonal variation of aerosol iron solubility in coarse and fine particles at an inland city in northwestern China
Unambiguous identification of N-containing oxygenated organic molecules using a chemical-ionization Orbitrap (CI-Orbitrap) in an eastern Chinese megacity
Estimating hub-height wind speed based on a machine learning algorithm: implications for wind energy assessment
Characteristics and degradation of organic aerosols from cooking sources based on hourly observations of organic molecular markers in urban environments
Characteristics of particulate-bound n-alkanes indicating sources of PM2.5 in Beijing, China
Characterization of volatile organic compounds and submicron organic aerosol in a traffic environment
Non-volatile marine and non-refractory continental sources of particle-phase amine during the North Atlantic Aerosols and Marine Ecosystems Study (NAAMES)
Effects of transport on a biomass burning plume from Indochina during EMeRGe-Asia identified by WRF-Chem
The shifting of secondary inorganic aerosol formation mechanisms during haze aggravation: the decisive role of aerosol liquid water
Collective geographical ecoregions and precursor sources driving Arctic new particle formation
Measurement report: Chemical components and 13C and 15N isotope ratios of fine aerosols over Tianjin, North China: year-round observations
Impact of biogenic secondary organic aerosol (SOA) loading on the molecular composition of wintertime PM2.5 in urban Tianjin: an insight from Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry
Impacts of biomass burning and photochemical processing on the light absorption of brown carbon in the southeastern Tibetan Plateau
Fates of secondary organic aerosols in the atmosphere identified from compound-specific dual-carbon isotope analysis of oxalic acid
Vertical profiles of volatile organic compounds and fine particles in atmospheric air by using aerial drone with miniaturized samplers and portable devices
Measurement report: Aerosol vertical profiles over the western North Atlantic Ocean during the North Atlantic Aerosols and Marine Ecosystems Study (NAAMES)
Characteristics of fine particle matter at the top of Shanghai Tower
Measurement report: Abundance and fractional solubilities of aerosol metals in urban Hong Kong – insights into factors that control aerosol metal dissolution in an urban site in South China
Measurement report: Intensive biomass burning emissions and rapid nitrate formation drive severe haze formation in the Sichuan Basin, China – insights from aerosol mass spectrometry
African smoke particles act as cloud condensation nuclei in the wintertime tropical North Atlantic boundary layer over Barbados
Measurement report: Changes in light absorption and molecular composition of water-soluble humic-like substances during a winter haze bloom-decay process in Guangzhou, China
Varying chiral ratio of pinic acid enantiomers above the Amazon rainforest
Impact of aging on the sources, volatility, and viscosity of organic aerosols in Chinese outflows
Biogenic and anthropogenic sources of isoprene and monoterpenes and their secondary organic aerosol in Delhi, India
Insights into characteristics and formation mechanisms of secondary organic aerosols in Guangzhou urban area
Different physicochemical behaviors of nitrate and ammonium during transport: a case study on Mt. Hua, China
A method for using stationary networks to observe long-term trends of on-road emission factors of primary aerosol from heavy-duty vehicles
Atmospheric particle abundance and sea salt aerosol observations in the springtime Arctic: a focus on blowing snow and leads
Chromophores and chemical composition of brown carbon characterized at an urban kerbside by excitation–emission spectroscopy and mass spectrometry
Measurement report: Contrasting elevation-dependent light absorption by black and brown carbon: lessons from in situ measurements from the highly polluted Sichuan Basin to the pristine Tibetan Plateau
Long-term declines in atmospheric nitrogen and sulfur deposition reduce critical loads exceedances at multiple Canadian rural sites, 2000–2018
Composition and mixing state of Arctic aerosol and cloud residual particles from long-term single-particle observations at Zeppelin Observatory, Svalbard
A meteorological overview of the ORACLES (ObseRvations of Aerosols above CLouds and their intEractionS) campaign over the southeastern Atlantic during 2016–2018: Part 2 – Daily and synoptic characteristics
Long-range transported pollution from the Middle East and its impact on carbonaceous aerosol sources over Cyprus
Measurement report: Characterization of sugars and amino acids in atmospheric fine particulates and their relationship to local primary sources
Organic enrichment in droplet residual particles relative to out of cloud over the northwestern Atlantic: analysis of airborne ACTIVATE data
Long-term trends and drivers of aerosol pH in eastern China
Potential underestimation of ambient brown carbon absorption based on the methanol extraction method and its impacts on source analysis
Contributions of primary sources to submicron organic aerosols in Delhi, India
Examination of brown carbon absorption from wildfires in the western US during the WE-CAN study
Source apportionment and evolution of N-containing aerosols at a rural cloud forest in Taiwan by isotope analysis
Measurement report: Characterisation and sources of the secondary organic carbon in a Chinese megacity over 5 years from 2016 to 2020
Exploring the inorganic composition of the Asian Tropopause Aerosol Layer using medium-duration balloon flights
Technical note: Use of PM2.5 to CO ratio as an indicator of wildfire smoke in urban areas
Ice-nucleating particles near two major dust source regions
Rui Li, Yining Gao, Yubao Chen, Meng Peng, Weidong Zhao, Gehui Wang, and Jiming Hao
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 4709–4726, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-4709-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-4709-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
A random forest model was used to isolate the effects of emission and meteorology to trace elements in PM2.5 in Tangshan. The results suggested that control measures facilitated decreases of Ga, Co, Pb, Zn, and As, due to the strict implementation of coal-to-gas strategies and optimisation of industrial structure and layout. However, the deweathered levels of Ca, Cr, and Fe only displayed minor decreases, indicating that ferrous metal smelting and vehicle emission controls should be enhanced.
Jinyoung Jung, Yuzo Miyazaki, Jin Hur, Yun Kyung Lee, Mi Hae Jeon, Youngju Lee, Kyoung-Ho Cho, Hyun Young Chung, Kitae Kim, Jung-Ok Choi, Catherine Lalande, Joo-Hong Kim, Taejin Choi, Young Jun Yoon, Eun Jin Yang, and Sung-Ho Kang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 4663–4684, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-4663-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-4663-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This study examined the summertime fluorescence properties of water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC) in aerosols over the western Arctic Ocean. We found that the WSOC in fine-mode aerosols in coastal areas showed a higher polycondensation degree and aromaticity than in sea-ice-covered areas. The fluorescence properties of atmospheric WSOC in the summertime marine Arctic boundary can improve our understanding of the WSOC chemical and biological linkages at the ocean–sea-ice–atmosphere interface.
Lizi Tang, Min Hu, Dongjie Shang, Xin Fang, Jianjiong Mao, Wanyun Xu, Jiacheng Zhou, Weixiong Zhao, Yaru Wang, Chong Zhang, Yingjie Zhang, Jianlin Hu, Limin Zeng, Chunxiang Ye, Song Guo, and Zhijun Wu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 4343–4359, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-4343-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-4343-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
There was an evident distinction in the frequency of new particle formation (NPF) events at Nam Co station on the Tibetan Plateau: 15 % in pre-monsoon season and 80 % in monsoon season. The frequent NPF events in monsoon season resulted from the higher frequency of southerly air masses, which brought the organic precursors to participate in the NPF process. It increased the amount of aerosol and CCN compared with those in pre-monsoon season, which may markedly affect earth's radiation balance.
Maija Peltola, Clémence Rose, Jonathan V. Trueblood, Sally Gray, Mike Harvey, and Karine Sellegri
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 3955–3983, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-3955-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-3955-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We measured the chemical composition of ambient ions at a coastal New Zealand site and connected these data with aerosol size distribution data to study the chemical precursors of new particle formation at the site. Our results showed that iodine oxides and sulfur species were important for particle formation in marine air, while in land-influenced air sulfuric acid and organics were connected to new particle formation events.
Agnesh Panta, Konrad Kandler, Andres Alastuey, Cristina González-Flórez, Adolfo González-Romero, Martina Klose, Xavier Querol, Cristina Reche, Jesús Yus-Díez, and Carlos Pérez García-Pando
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 3861–3885, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-3861-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-3861-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Desert dust is a major aerosol component of the Earth system and affects the climate. Dust properties are influenced by particle size, mineralogy, shape, and mixing state. This work characterizes freshly emitted individual mineral dust particles from a major source region using electron microscopy. Our new insights into critical particle-specific information will contribute to better constraining climate models that consider mineralogical variations in their representation of the dust cycle.
Huanhuan Zhang, Rui Li, Chengpeng Huang, Xiaofei Li, Shuwei Dong, Fu Wang, Tingting Li, Yizhu Chen, Guohua Zhang, Yan Ren, Qingcai Chen, Ru-jin Huang, Siyu Chen, Tao Xue, Xinming Wang, and Mingjin Tang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 3543–3559, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-3543-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-3543-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This work investigated the seasonal variation of aerosol Fe solubility for coarse and fine particles in Xi’an, a megacity in northwestern China severely affected by anthropogenic emission and desert dust aerosol. In addition, we discussed in depth what controlled aerosol Fe solubility at different seasons for coarse and fine particles.
Yiqun Lu, Yingge Ma, Dan Dan Huang, Shengrong Lou, Sheng'ao Jing, Yaqin Gao, Hongli Wang, Yanjun Zhang, Hui Chen, Yunhua Chang, Naiqiang Yan, Jianmin Chen, Christian George, Matthieu Riva, and Cheng Huang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 3233–3245, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-3233-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-3233-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
N-containing oxygenated organic molecules have been identified as important precursors of aerosol particles. We used an ultra-high-resolution mass spectrometer coupled with an online sample inlet to accurately measure their molecular composition, concentration level and variation patterns. We show their formation process and influencing factors in a Chinese megacity involving various volatile organic compound precursors and atmospheric oxidants, and we highlight the influence of PM2.5 episodes.
Boming Liu, Xin Ma, Jianping Guo, Hui Li, Shikuan Jin, Yingying Ma, and Wei Gong
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 3181–3193, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-3181-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-3181-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Wind energy is one of the most essential clean and renewable forms of energy in today’s world. However, the traditional power law method generally estimates the hub-height wind speed by assuming a constant exponent between surface and hub-height wind speeds. This inevitably leads to significant uncertainties in estimating the wind speed profile. To minimize the uncertainties, we here use a machine learning algorithm known as random forest to estimate the wind speed at hub height.
Rui Li, Kun Zhang, Qing Li, Liumei Yang, Shunyao Wang, Zhiqiang Liu, Xiaojuan Zhang, Hui Chen, Yanan Yi, Jialiang Feng, Qiongqiong Wang, Ling Huang, Wu Wang, Yangjun Wang, Jian Zhen Yu, and Li Li
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 3065–3081, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-3065-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-3065-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Molecular markers in organic aerosol (OA) provide specific source information on PM2.5, and the contribution of cooking emissions to OA is significant, especially in urban environments. This study investigates the variation in concentrations and oxidative degradation of fatty acids and corresponding oxidation products in ambient air, which can be a guide for the refinement of aerosol source apportionment and provide scientific support for the development of emission source control policies.
Jiyuan Yang, Guoyang Lei, Chang Liu, Yutong Wu, Kai Hu, Jinfeng Zhu, Junsong Bao, Weili Lin, and Jun Jin
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 3015–3029, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-3015-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-3015-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The characteristics of n-alkanes and the contributions of various sources of PM2.5 in the atmosphere in Beijing were studied. There were marked seasonal and diurnal differences in the n-alkane concentrations (p<0.01). Particulate-bound n-alkanes were supplied by anthropogenic and biogenic sources; fossil fuel combustion was the dominant contributor. Vehicle exhausts strongly affect PM2.5 pollution. Controlling vehicle exhaust emissions is key to control n-alkane and PM2.5 pollution in Beijing.
Sanna Saarikoski, Heidi Hellén, Arnaud P. Praplan, Simon Schallhart, Petri Clusius, Jarkko V. Niemi, Anu Kousa, Toni Tykkä, Rostislav Kouznetsov, Minna Aurela, Laura Salo, Topi Rönkkö, Luis M. F. Barreira, Liisa Pirjola, and Hilkka Timonen
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 2963–2982, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-2963-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-2963-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This study elucidates properties and sources of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and organic aerosol (OA) in a traffic environment. Anthropogenic VOCs (aVOCs) were clearly higher than biogenic VOCs (bVOCs), but bVOCs produced a larger portion of oxidation products. OA consisted mostly of oxygenated OA, representing secondary OA (SOA). SOA was partly associated with bVOCs, but it was also related to long-range transport. Primary OA originated mostly from traffic.
Veronica Z. Berta, Lynn M. Russell, Derek J. Price, Chia-Li Chen, Alex K. Y. Lee, Patricia K. Quinn, Timothy S. Bates, Thomas G. Bell, and Michael J. Behrenfeld
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 2765–2787, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-2765-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-2765-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Amines are compounds emitted from a variety of marine and continental sources and were measured by aerosol mass spectrometry and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy during the North Atlantic Aerosols and Marine Ecosystems Study (NAAMES) cruises. Secondary continental and primary marine sources of amines were identified by comparisons to tracers. The results show that the two methods are complementary for investigating amines in the marine environment.
Chuan-Yao Lin, Wan-Chin Chen, Yi-Yun Chien, Charles C. K. Chou, Chian-Yi Liu, Helmut Ziereis, Hans Schlager, Eric Förster, Florian Obersteiner, Ovid O. Krüger, Bruna A. Holanda, Mira L. Pöhlker, Katharina Kaiser, Johannes Schneider, Birger Bohn, Klaus Pfeilsticker, Benjamin Weyland, Maria Dolores Andrés Hernández, and John P. Burrows
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 2627–2647, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-2627-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-2627-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
During the EMeRGe campaign in Asia, atmospheric pollutants were measured on board the HALO aircraft. The WRF-Chem model was employed to evaluate the biomass burning (BB) plume transported from Indochina and its impact on the downstream areas. The combination of BB aerosol enhancement with cloud water resulted in a reduction in incoming shortwave radiation at the surface in southern China and the East China Sea, which potentially has significant regional climate implications.
Fei Xie, Yue Su, Yongli Tian, Yanju Shi, Xingjun Zhou, Peng Wang, Ruihong Yu, Wei Wang, Jiang He, Jinyuan Xin, and Changwei Lü
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 2365–2378, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-2365-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-2365-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This work finds the shifting of secondary inorganic aerosol formation mechanisms during haze aggravation and explains the decisive role of aerosol liquid water on a broader scale (~ 500 μg m3) in an ammonia-rich atmosphere based on the in situ high-resolution online monitoring datasets.
James Brean, David C. S. Beddows, Roy M. Harrison, Congbo Song, Peter Tunved, Johan Ström, Radovan Krejci, Eyal Freud, Andreas Massling, Henrik Skov, Eija Asmi, Angelo Lupi, and Manuel Dall'Osto
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 2183–2198, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-2183-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-2183-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Our results emphasize how understanding the geographical variation in surface types across the Arctic is key to understanding secondary aerosol sources. We provide a harmonised analysis of new particle formation across the Arctic.
Zhichao Dong, Chandra Mouli Pavuluri, Zhanjie Xu, Yu Wang, Peisen Li, Pingqing Fu, and Cong-Qiang Liu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 2119–2143, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-2119-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-2119-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This study has provided comprehensive baseline data of carbonaceous and inorganic aerosols as well as their isotope ratios in the Tianjin region, North China, found that Tianjin aerosols were derived from coal combustion, biomass burning and photochemical reactions of VOCs, and also implied that the Tianjin aerosols were more aged during long-range atmospheric transport in summer via carbonaceous and isotope data analysis.
Shujun Zhong, Shuang Chen, Junjun Deng, Yanbing Fan, Qiang Zhang, Qiaorong Xie, Yulin Qi, Wei Hu, Libin Wu, Xiaodong Li, Chandra Mouli Pavuluri, Jialei Zhu, Xin Wang, Di Liu, Xiaole Pan, Yele Sun, Zifa Wang, Yisheng Xu, Haijie Tong, Hang Su, Yafang Cheng, Kimitaka Kawamura, and Pingqing Fu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 2061–2077, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-2061-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-2061-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This study investigated the role of the secondary organic aerosol (SOA) loading on the molecular composition of wintertime urban aerosols by ultrahigh-resolution mass spectrometry. Results demonstrate that the SOA loading is an important factor associated with the oxidation degree, nitrate group content, and chemodiversity of nitrooxy–organosulfates. Our study also found that the hydrolysis of nitrooxy–organosulfates is a possible pathway for the formation of organosulfates.
Jie Tian, Qiyuan Wang, Yongyong Ma, Jin Wang, Yongming Han, and Junji Cao
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 1879–1892, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-1879-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-1879-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We investigated the light absorption properties of brown carbon (BrC) in the Tibetan Plateau (TP). BrC made a substantial contribution to the submicron aerosol absorption, which is related to the cross-border transport of biomass burning emission and secondary aerosol from Southeast Asia. The radiative effect of BrC was half that of black carbon, which can remarkably affect the radiative balance of the TP.
Buqing Xu, Jiao Tang, Tiangang Tang, Shizhen Zhao, Guangcai Zhong, Sanyuan Zhu, Jun Li, and Gan Zhang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 1565–1578, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-1565-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-1565-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We analyzed compound-specific dual-carbon isotope signatures (Δ14C and δ13C) of dominant secondary organic aerosol (SOA) tracer molecules (i.e., oxalic acid) to investigate the fates of SOAs in the atmosphere at five emission hotspots in China. The results indicated that SOA carbon sources and chemical processes producing SOAs vary spatially and seasonally, and these variations need to be included in Chinese climate projection models and air quality management practices.
Eka Dian Pusfitasari, Jose Ruiz-Jimenez, Aleksi Tiusanen, Markus Suuronen, Jesse Haataja, Juha Kangasluoma, Krista Luoma, Tuukka Petäjä, Matti Jussila, Kari Hartonen, and Marja-Liisa Riekkola
Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2023-40, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2023-40, 2023
Revised manuscript accepted for ACP
Short summary
Short summary
A miniaturized air sampling-drone system was successfully applied for the collection of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and for the measurement of black carbon (BC) and total particle number concentrations in atmospheric air. Here we report, for the first time, the vertical profiles of BC and aerosol number concentrations above the boreal forest in Hyytiälä (Finland) at high altitudes close to the boundary layer in autumn 2021. VOC composition with its distribution was studied as well.
Francesca Gallo, Kevin J. Sanchez, Bruce E. Anderson, Ryan Bennett, Matthew D. Brown, Ewan C. Crosbie, Chris Hostetler, Carolyn Jordan, Melissa Yang Martin, Claire E. Robinson, Lynn M. Russell, Taylor J. Shingler, Michael A. Shook, Kenneth L. Thornhill, Elizabeth B. Wiggins, Edward L. Winstead, Armin Wisthaler, Luke D. Ziemba, and Richard H. Moore
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 1465–1490, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-1465-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-1465-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We integrate in situ ship- and aircraft-based measurements of aerosol, trace gases, and meteorological parameters collected during the NASA North Atlantic Aerosols and Marine Ecosystems Study (NAAMES) field campaigns in the western North Atlantic Ocean region. A comprehensive characterization of the vertical profiles of aerosol properties under different seasonal regimes is provided for improving the understanding of aerosol key processes and aerosol–cloud interactions in marine regions.
Changqin Yin, Jianming Xu, Wei Gao, Liang Pan, Yixuan Gu, Qingyan Fu, and Fan Yang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 1329–1343, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-1329-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-1329-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The particle matter (PM2.5) at the top of the 632 m high Shanghai Tower was found to be higher than the surface from June to October due to unexpected larger PM2.5 levels during early to middle afternoon at Shanghai Tower. We suppose the significant chemical production of secondary species existed in the mid-upper planetary boundary layer. We found a high nitrate concentration at the tower site for both daytime and nighttime in winter, implying efficient gas-phase and heterogeneous formation.
Junwei Yang, Lan Ma, Xiao He, Wing Chi Au, Yanhao Miao, Wen-Xiong Wang, and Theodora Nah
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 1403–1419, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-1403-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-1403-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Water-soluble metals play key roles in human health and atmospheric processes. We report the seasonal abundance and fractional solubilities of different metals in aerosols collected in urban Hong Kong as well as the key factors that modulated solubilities of the various metals in fine aerosols. Our results highlight the dual roles (i.e., acidifying the aerosol particle and providing a liquid reaction medium) that sulfate plays in the acid dissolution of metals in fine aerosols in Hong Kong.
Zhier Bao, Xinyi Zhang, Qing Li, Jiawei Zhou, Guangming Shi, Li Zhou, Fumo Yang, Shaodong Xie, Dan Zhang, Chongzhi Zhai, Zhenliang Li, Chao Peng, and Yang Chen
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 1147–1167, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-1147-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-1147-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We characterised non-refractory fine particulate matter (PM2.5) during winter in the Sichuan Basin (SCB), Southwest China. The factors driving severe aerosol pollution were revealed, highlighting the importance of rapid nitrate formation and intensive biomass burning. Nitrate was primarily formed through gas-phase oxidation during daytime and aqueous-phase oxidation during nighttime. Controlling nitrate and biomass burning will benefit the mitigation of haze formation in the SCB.
Haley M. Royer, Mira L. Pöhlker, Ovid Krüger, Edmund Blades, Peter Sealy, Nurun Nahar Lata, Zezhen Cheng, Swarup China, Andrew P. Ault, Patricia K. Quinn, Paquita Zuidema, Christopher Pöhlker, Ulrich Pöschl, Meinrat Andreae, and Cassandra J. Gaston
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 981–998, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-981-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-981-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This paper presents atmospheric particle chemical composition and measurements of aerosol water uptake properties collected at Ragged Point, Barbados, during the winter of 2020. The result of this study indicates the importance of small African smoke particles for cloud droplet formation in the tropical North Atlantic and highlights the large spatial and temporal pervasiveness of smoke over the Atlantic Ocean.
Chunlin Zou, Tao Cao, Meiju Li, Jianzhong Song, Bin Jiang, Wanglu Jia, Jun Li, Xiang Ding, Zhiqiang Yu, Gan Zhang, and Ping'an Peng
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 963–979, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-963-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-963-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
In this study, PM2.5 samples were obtained during a winter haze event in Guangzhou, China, and light absorption and molecular composition of humic-like substances (HULIS) were investigated by UV–Vis spectrophotometry and ultrahigh-resolution mass spectrometry. The findings obtained present some differences from the results reported in other regions of China and significantly enhanced our understanding of HULIS evolution during haze bloom-decay processes in the subtropic region of southern China.
Denis Leppla, Nora Zannoni, Leslie Kremper, Jonathan Williams, Christopher Pöhlker, Marta Sá, Maria Christina Solci, and Thorsten Hoffmann
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 809–820, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-809-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-809-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Chiral chemodiversity plays a critical role in biochemical processes such as insect and plant communication. Here we report on the measurement of chiral-specified secondary organic aerosol in the Amazon rainforest. The results show that the chiral ratio is mainly determined by large-scale emission processes. Characteristic emissions of chiral aerosol precursors from different forest ecosystems can thus provide large-scale information on different biogenic sources via chiral particle analysis.
Tingting Feng, Yingkun Wang, Weiwei Hu, Ming Zhu, Wei Song, Wei Chen, Yanyan Sang, Zheng Fang, Wei Deng, Hua Fang, Xu Yu, Cheng Wu, Bin Yuan, Shan Huang, Min Shao, Xiaofeng Huang, Lingyan He, Young Ro Lee, Lewis Gregory Huey, Francesco Canonaco, Andre S. H. Prevot, and Xinming Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 611–636, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-611-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-611-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
To investigate the impact of aging processes on organic aerosols (OA), we conducted a comprehensive field study at a continental remote site using an on-line mass spectrometer. The results show that OA in the Chinese outflows were strongly influenced by upwind anthropogenic emissions. The aging processes can significantly decrease the OA volatility and result in a varied viscosity of OA under different circumstances, signifying the complex physiochemical properties of OA in aged plumes.
Daniel J. Bryant, Beth S. Nelson, Stefan J. Swift, Sri Hapsari Budisulistiorini, Will S. Drysdale, Adam R. Vaughan, Mike J. Newland, James R. Hopkins, James M. Cash, Ben Langford, Eiko Nemitz, W. Joe F. Acton, C. Nicholas Hewitt, Tuhin Mandal, Bhola R. Gurjar, Shivani, Ranu Gadi, James D. Lee, Andrew R. Rickard, and Jacqueline F. Hamilton
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 61–83, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-61-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-61-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This paper investigates the sources of isoprene and monoterpene compounds and their particulate-phase oxidation products in Delhi, India. This was done to improve our understanding of the sources, concentrations, and fate of volatile emissions in megacities. By studying the chemical composition of offline filter samples, we report that a significant share of the oxidised organic aerosol in Delhi is from isoprene and monoterpenes. This has implications for human health and policy development.
Miaomiao Zhai, Ye Kuang, Li Liu, Yao He, Biao Luo, Wanyun Xu, Jiangchuan Tao, Yu Zou, Fei Li, Changqin Yin, Chunhui Li, Hanbing Xu, and Xuejiao Deng
Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2022-807, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2022-807, 2022
Revised manuscript accepted for ACP
Short summary
Short summary
Using year-long aerosol mass spectrometer measurements, roles of secondary organic aerosols (SOA) during haze formations in urban area of southern China were systematically analyzed. Almost all severe haze events were accompanied by continuous daytime and nighttime SOA formations, whereas coordinated gas-phase photochemistry and aqueous-phase reactions likely played significant roles in quick daytime SOA formations, and nitrate radical play significant roles in nighttime SOA formations.
Can Wu, Cong Cao, Jianjun Li, Shaojun Lv, Jin Li, Xiaodi Liu, Si Zhang, Shijie Liu, Fan Zhang, Jingjing Meng, and Gehui Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 15621–15635, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-15621-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-15621-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Over the past decade, the relative abundance of NH4NO3 in aerosol has been enhanced in most urban areas of China, which profoundly affects the PM2.5 pollution episodes. Our work finds that fine-particle nitrate and ammonium exhibited distinct, different physicochemical behaviors in the aerosol aging process.
Helen L. Fitzmaurice and Ronald C. Cohen
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 15403–15411, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-15403-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-15403-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We develop a novel method for finding heavy-duty vehicle (HDV) emission factors (g PM kg fuel) using regulatory sensor networks and publicly available traffic data. We find that particulate matter emission factors have decreased by a factor of ~ 9 in the past decade in the San Francisco Bay area. Because of the wide availability of similar data sets across the USA and globally, this method could be applied to other settings to understand long-term trends and regional differences in HDV emissions.
Qianjie Chen, Jessica A. Mirrielees, Sham Thanekar, Nicole A. Loeb, Rachel M. Kirpes, Lucia M. Upchurch, Anna J. Barget, Nurun Nahar Lata, Angela R. W. Raso, Stephen M. McNamara, Swarup China, Patricia K. Quinn, Andrew P. Ault, Aaron Kennedy, Paul B. Shepson, Jose D. Fuentes, and Kerri A. Pratt
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 15263–15285, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-15263-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-15263-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
During a spring field campaign in the coastal Arctic, ultrafine particles were enhanced during high wind speeds, and coarse-mode particles were reduced during blowing snow. Calculated periods blowing snow were overpredicted compared to observations. Sea spray aerosols produced by sea ice leads affected the composition of aerosols and snowpack. An improved understanding of aerosol emissions from leads and blowing snow is critical for predicting the future climate of the rapidly warming Arctic.
Feng Jiang, Junwei Song, Jonas Bauer, Linyu Gao, Magdalena Vallon, Reiner Gebhardt, Thomas Leisner, Stefan Norra, and Harald Saathoff
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 14971–14986, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-14971-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-14971-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We studied brown carbon aerosol during typical summer and winter periods in downtown Karlsruhe in southwestern Germany. The chromophore and chemical composition of brown carbon was determined by excitation–emission spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. The chromophore types and sources were substantially different in winter and summer. Humic-like chromophores of different degrees of oxidation dominated and were associated with molecules of different molecular weight and nitrogen content.
Suping Zhao, Shaofeng Qi, Ye Yu, Shichang Kang, Longxiang Dong, Jinbei Chen, and Daiying Yin
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 14693–14708, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-14693-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-14693-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Light absorption by aerosols is poorly understood at the eastern slope of the Tibetan Plateau (TP). We conducted the first in situ PM1 chemical measurements from the polluted Sichuan Basin to the eastern TP. A contrasting changes in mass absorption efficiency of black and brown carbon with altitude is found due to source differences. This study contributes to the understanding of the difference in light absorption by carbon with altitude, from the polluted basins to the pristine TP.
Irene Cheng, Leiming Zhang, Zhuanshi He, Hazel Cathcart, Daniel Houle, Amanda Cole, Jian Feng, Jason O'Brien, Anne Marie Macdonald, Julian Aherne, and Jeffrey Brook
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 14631–14656, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-14631-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-14631-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Nitrogen (N) and sulfur (S) deposition decreased significantly at 14 Canadian sites during 2000–2018. The greatest decline was observed in southeastern Canada owing to regional SO2 and NOx reductions. Wet deposition was more important than dry deposition, comprising 71–95 % of total N and 45–89 % of total S deposition. While critical loads (CLs) were exceeded at a few sites in the early 2000s, acidic deposition declined below CLs after 2012, which signifies recovery from legacy acidification.
Kouji Adachi, Yutaka Tobo, Makoto Koike, Gabriel Freitas, Paul Zieger, and Radovan Krejci
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 14421–14439, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-14421-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-14421-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Ambient aerosol and cloud residual particles in the fine mode were collected at Zeppelin Observatory in Svalbard and were analyzed using transmission electron microscopy. Fractions of mineral dust and sea salt particles increased in cloud residual samples collected at ambient temperatures below 0 °C. This study highlights the variety of aerosol and cloud residual particle compositions and mixing states that influence or are influenced by aerosol–cloud interactions in Arctic low-level clouds.
Ju-Mee Ryoo, Leonhard Pfister, Rei Ueyama, Paquita Zuidema, Robert Wood, Ian Chang, and Jens Redemann
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 14209–14241, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-14209-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-14209-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The variability in the meteorological fields during each deployment is highly modulated at a daily to synoptic timescale. This paper, along with part 1, the climatological overview paper, provides a meteorological context for interpreting the airborne measurements gathered during the three ORACLES deployments. This study supports related studies focusing on the detailed investigation of the processes controlling stratocumulus decks, aerosol lifting, transport, and their interactions.
Aliki Christodoulou, Iasonas Stavroulas, Mihalis Vrekoussis, Maximillien Desservettaz, Michael Pikridas, Elie Bimenyimana, Matic Ivančič, Martin Rigler, Philippe Goloub, Konstantina Oikonomou, Roland Sarda-Estève, Chrysanthos Savvides, Charbel Afif, Nikos Mihalopoulos, Stéphane Sauvage, and Jean Sciare
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2022-1081, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2022-1081, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Our study presents, for the first time, a detailed source identification of aerosols at an urban background site in Cyprus (Eastern Mediterranean); a region strongly impacted by climate change and air pollution. Here we identify unexpected high contribution of long-range transported pollution from fossil fuel sources in the Middle East, highlighting an urgent need to further characterize these fast-growing emissions and their impacts on regional atmospheric composition, climate, and health.
Ren-Guo Zhu, Hua-Yun Xiao, Liqin Cheng, Huixiao Zhu, Hongwei Xiao, and Yunyun Gong
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 14019–14036, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-14019-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-14019-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Sugars and amino acids are major classes of organic components in atmospheric fine particles and play important roles in the atmosphere. To identify their sources in different regions, the concentrations and compositions of sugar amino acids in fine particles were analysed. Our findings suggest that combining specific sugar tracers and chemical profiles of combined amino acids in local emission sources can identify various source characteristics of primary sources.
Hossein Dadashazar, Andrea F. Corral, Ewan Crosbie, Sanja Dmitrovic, Simon Kirschler, Kayla McCauley, Richard Moore, Claire Robinson, Joseph S. Schlosser, Michael Shook, K. Lee Thornhill, Christiane Voigt, Edward Winstead, Luke Ziemba, and Armin Sorooshian
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 13897–13913, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-13897-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-13897-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Multi-season airborne data over the northwestern Atlantic show that organic mass fraction and the relative amount of oxygenated organics within that fraction are enhanced in droplet residual particles as compared to particles below and above cloud. In-cloud aqueous processing is shown to be a potential driver of this compositional shift in cloud. This implies that aerosol–cloud interactions in the region reduce aerosol hygroscopicity due to the jump in the organic : sulfate ratio in cloud.
Min Zhou, Guangjie Zheng, Hongli Wang, Liping Qiao, Shuhui Zhu, DanDan Huang, Jingyu An, Shengrong Lou, Shikang Tao, Qian Wang, Rusha Yan, Yingge Ma, Changhong Chen, Yafang Cheng, Hang Su, and Cheng Huang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 13833–13844, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-13833-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-13833-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The trend of aerosol pH and its drivers is crucial in understanding the multiphase formation pathways of aerosols. We reported the first trend analysis of aerosol pH from 2011 to 2019 in eastern China. Although significant variations of aerosol compositions were observed from 2011 to 2019, the aerosol pH estimated by model only slightly declined by 0.24. Our work shows that the opposite effects of SO42− and non-volatile cation changes play key roles in determining the moderate pH trend.
Zhenqi Xu, Wei Feng, Yicheng Wang, Haoran Ye, Yuhang Wang, Hong Liao, and Mingjie Xie
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 13739–13752, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-13739-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-13739-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This work uses a solvent (DMF) that can efficiently dissolve low-volatility OC to examine BrC absorption and sources, which will benefit future investigations on the physicochemical properties of large organic molecules. The study results also shed light on potential sources for methanol-insoluble OC. These results highlight the importance of testing different solvents to investigate the structures and light absorption of low-volatility BrC.
Sahil Bhandari, Zainab Arub, Gazala Habib, Joshua S. Apte, and Lea Hildebrandt Ruiz
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 13631–13657, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-13631-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-13631-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Here we determine the sources of primary organic aerosol in Delhi, India, in two different seasons. In winter, the main sources are traffic and biomass burning; in the summer, the main sources are traffic and cooking. We obtain this result by conducting source apportionment resolved by time of day, using data from an aerosol chemical speciation monitor. Results from this work can be used to better design policies that target sources of organic aerosol.
Amy P. Sullivan, Rudra P. Pokhrel, Yingjie Shen, Shane M. Murphy, Darin W. Toohey, Teresa Campos, Jakob Lindaas, Emily V. Fischer, and Jeffrey L. Collett Jr.
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 13389–13406, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-13389-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-13389-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
During the WE-CAN (Western Wildfire Experiment for Cloud Chemistry, Aerosol Absorption and Nitrogen) study, brown carbon (BrC) absorption was measured on the NSF/NCAR C-130 aircraft using a particle-into-liquid sampler and photoacoustic aerosol absorption spectrometer. Approximately 45 % of the BrC absorption in wildfires was observed to be due to water-soluble species. The ratio of BrC absorption to WSOC or ΔCO showed no clear dependence on fire dynamics or the time since emission over 9 h.
Ting-Yu Chen, Chia-Li Chen, Yi-Chi Chen, Charles C.-K. Chou, Haojia Ren, and Hui-Ming Hung
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 13001–13012, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-13001-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-13001-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The anthropogenic influence on aerosol composition in a downstream river-valley forest was investigated using FTIR and isotope analysis. A higher N-containing species concentration during daytime fog events indicates that a stronger inversion leads to higher pollutant concentrations, and the fog enhances the aqueous-phase chemical processes. Moreover, the observed size-dependent oxygen isotope suggests the contribution of organic peroxyl radicals to local nitrate formation for small particles.
Meng Wang, Yusen Duan, Wei Xu, Qiyuan Wang, Zhuozhi Zhang, Qi Yuan, Xinwei Li, Shuwen Han, Haijie Tong, Juntao Huo, Jia Chen, Shan Gao, Zhongbiao Wu, Long Cui, Yu Huang, Guangli Xiu, Junji Cao, Qingyan Fu, and Shun-cheng Lee
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 12789–12802, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-12789-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-12789-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
In this study, we report the long-term measurement of organic carbon (OC) and elementary carbon (EC) in PM2.5 with hourly time resolution conducted at a regional site in Shanghai from 2016 to 2020. The results from this study provide critical information about the long-term trend of carbonaceous aerosol, in particular secondary OC, in one of the largest megacities in the world and are helpful for developing pollution control measures from a long-term planning perspective.
Hazel Vernier, Neeraj Rastogi, Hongyu Liu, Amit Kumar Pandit, Kris Bedka, Anil Patel, Madineni Venkat Ratnam, Buduru Suneel Kumar, Bo Zhang, Harish Gadhavi, Frank Wienhold, Gwenael Berthet, and Jean-Paul Vernier
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 12675–12694, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-12675-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-12675-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The chemical composition of the stratospheric aerosols collected aboard high-altitude balloons above the summer Asian monsoon reveals the presence of nitrate/nitrite. Using numerical simulations and satellite observations, we found that pollution as well as lightning could explain some of our observations.
Daniel A. Jaffe, Brendan Schnieder, and Daniel Inouye
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 12695–12704, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-12695-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-12695-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
In this paper we use commonly measured pollutants (PM2.5 and carbon monoxide) to develop a Monte Carlo simulation of the mixing of urban pollution with smoke. The simulations compare well with observations from a heavily impacted smoke site and show that we can use standard regulatory measurements to quantify the amount of smoke in urban areas.
Charlotte M. Beall, Thomas C. J. Hill, Paul J. DeMott, Tobias Köneman, Michael Pikridas, Frank Drewnick, Hartwig Harder, Christopher Pöhlker, Jos Lelieveld, Bettina Weber, Minas Iakovides, Roman Prokeš, Jean Sciare, Meinrat O. Andreae, M. Dale Stokes, and Kimberly A. Prather
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 12607–12627, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-12607-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-12607-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Ice-nucleating particles (INPs) are rare aerosols that can trigger ice formation in clouds and affect climate-relevant cloud properties such as phase, reflectivity and lifetime. Dust is the dominant INP source, yet few measurements have been reported near major dust sources. We report INP observations within hundreds of kilometers of the biggest dust source regions globally: the Sahara and the Arabian Peninsula. Results show that at temperatures > −15 °C, INPs are dominated by organics.
Cited articles
Andreae, M. O. and Merlet, P.: Emission of trace gases and aerosols from
biomass burning, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 15, 955–966, 2001.
Andreae, M. O., Atlas, E., Cachier, H., Cofer III, W. R., Harris, G. W.,
Helas, G., Koppmann, R., Lacaux, J.-P., and Ward, D. E.: Trace gas and
aerosol emissions from savanna fires, in: Biomass Burning
and Global Change, edited by: Levine, J. S., MIT Press, Cambridge MA, USA, 278–295, 1996.
Atmospheric Research and Analysis (ARA): Introduction to the Southeastern
Aerosol Research and Characterization (SEARCH) Network, available at:
http://www.atmospheric-research.com/studies/SEARCH/index.html (last
access: 18 December 2015), 2014
Baumann, K., Flanagan, J. B., and Jayanty, R. K. M.: Fine particulate matter
source apportionment for the chemical Speciation Trends Network site at
Birmingham, Alabama, using Positive Matrix Factorization, J. Air Waste
Manage., 58, 27–44, 2008.
Blanchard, C. L., Hidy, G. M., Tanenbaum, S., Edgerton, E., Hartsell, B.,
and Jansen, J.: Carbon in southeastern aerosol particles: empirical
estimates of secondary organic aerosol formation, Atmos. Environ., 42,
6710–6720, 2008.
Blanchard, C. L., Hidy, G. M., and Tanenbaum, S.: NMOC, ozone, and organic
aerosol in the southeastern states, 1999–2007: 1. Spatial and temporal
variations of NMOC concentrations and composition in Atlanta, Georgia,
Atmos. Environ., 44, 4827–4839, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2010.08.036, 2010.
Blanchard, C. L., Hidy, G. M., and Tanenbaum, S.: NMOC, ozone, and organic
aerosol in the southeastern states, 1999–2007: 3. Origins of organic aerosol
in Atlanta, Georgia, and surrounding areas, Atmos. Environ., 45, 1291–1302,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2010.12.004, 2011.
Blanchard, C. L., Tanenbaum, S., and Hidy, G. M.: Source attribution of air
pollutant concentrations and trends in the Southeastern Aerosol Research and
Characterization (SEARCH) network, Environ. Sci. Technol., 47, 13536–13545,
https://doi.org/10.1021/es402876s, 2013.
Blanchard, C. L., Chow, J., Edgerton, E., Watson, J. G., Hidy, G. M., and
Shaw, S.: Organic aerosols in the southeastern United States: speciated
particulate carbon measurements from the SEARCH network, 2006–2010, Atmos.
Environ., 95, 327–333, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2014.06.050, 2014a.
Blanchard, C. L., Tanenbaum, S., and Hidy, G. M.: Spatial and temporal
variability of air pollution in Birmingham, Alabama, Atmos. Environ., 89, 382–391,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2014.01.006, 2014b.
Bougiatioti, A., Stavroulas, I., Kostenidou, E., Zarmpas, P., Theodosi, C.,
Kouvarakis, G., Canonaco, F., Prévôt, A. S. H., Nenes, A., Pandis, S.
N., and Mihalopoulos, N.: Processing of biomass-burning aerosol in the
eastern Mediterranean during summertime, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 4793–4807,
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-4793-2014, 2014.
Budisulistiorini, S., Canagaratna, R., Croteau, P., Marth, W., Baumann, K.,
Edgerton, E., Show, S., Knipping E., Worsnop, D., Jayne, J., Gold, A., and
Surratt, J.: Real-time continuous characterization of secondary organic
aerosol derived from isoprene epoxydiols in downtown Atlanta, Georgia, using
the Aerodyne Chemical Speciation Monitor, Environ. Sci. Technol., 47,
5686–5694, 2013.
Budisulistiorini, S. H., Li, X., Bairai, S. T., Renfro, J., Liu, Y., Liu, Y.
J., McKinney, K. A., Martin, S. T., McNeill, V. F., Pye, H. O. T., Nenes, A.,
Neff, M. E., Stone, E. A., Mueller, S., Knote, C., Shaw, S. L., Zhang, Z.,
Gold, A., and Surratt, J. D.: Examining the effects of anthropogenic
emissions on isoprene-derived secondary organic aerosol formation during the
2013 Southern Oxidant and Aerosol Study (SOAS) at the Look Rock, Tennessee
ground site, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 8871–8888,
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-8871-2015, 2015.
Calloway, C. P., Li, S., Buchanan, J. W., and Stevens, R. K.: A refinement of
the potassium tracer method for residential wood smoke, Atmos. Environ., 23,
67–69, 1989.
Cappa, C.: Measurements of Aerosol Carbon in the Atmosphere, AAAR Tutorial,
3 October 2011, AAAR 30th Annual Conference, 3–7 October 2011, Orlando, FL,
USA, available at:
http://www.aaar.org/index2.cfm?section=Meetings_and_Events&content=Archived_Meetings
(last access: 18 December 2015), 2011.
Carlton, A. G. and Turpin, B. J.: Particle partitioning potential of organic
compounds is highest in the Eastern US and driven by anthropogenic water,
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 10203–10214, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-10203-2013, 2013.
Chan, M. N., Surratt, J. D., Claeys, M., Edgerton, E. S., Tanner, R. L.,
Shaw, S. L., Zheng, M., Knipping, E. M., Eddingsaas, N. C., Wennberg, P. O.,
and Seinfeld, J. H.: Characterization and quantification of isoprene-derived
epoxydiols in ambient aerosol in the southeastern United States, Environ.
Sci. Technol., 44, 4590–4596, 2010.
Chow, J., Watson, J., Kuhns, H., Etyemezian, V., Lowenthal, D., Crow, D.,
Kohl, S., Engelbrecht, J., and Green, M.: Source profiles for industrial,
mobile and area sources in the Big Bend Regional Aerosol Visibility and
Observational Study, Chemosphere, 54, 185–208, 2004.
Chow, J. C., Watson, J. G., Chen, L.-W. A., Paredes-Miranda, G., Chang, M.-C.
O., Trimble, D., Fung, K. K., Zhang, H., and Zhen Yu, J.: Refining
temperature measures in thermal/optical carbon analysis, Atmos. Chem. Phys.,
5, 2961–2972, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-5-2961-2005, 2005.
Chow, J. C., Watson, J. G., Chen, L.-W. A., Chang, M. C. O., Robinson, N. F.,
Trimble, D. L., and Kohl, S. D.: The IMPROVE_A temperature protocol for
thermal/optical carbon analysis: Maintaining consistency with a long-term
database, J. Air Waste Manage., 57, 1014–1023, 2007a.
Chow, J. C., Yu, J. Z., Watson, J. G., Ho, S. S. H., Bohannan, T. L., Hays,
M. D., and Fung, K. K.: The application of thermal methods for determining
chemical composition of carbonaceous aerosols: a review, J. Environ. Sci.
Heal. A, 42, 1521–1541, 2007b.
Chow, J. C., Watson, J. G., Lowenthal, D. H., Chen, L.-W. A., and Motallebi,
N.: Black and organic carbon emission inventories: review and application to
California, J. Air Waste Manage., 60, 497–507,
https://doi.org/10.3155/1047-3289.60.4.497, 2010.
Dattner, S. and Hopke, P. (Eds.): Receptor Models Applied to Contemporary
Pollutions Problems: Proceedings of a Specialty Conference, Air Pollution
Control Association, Publishers Choice Book Manufacturing Co., Mars,
Pennsylvania, USA, 368 pp., 1982.
de Gouw, J. A., Middlebrook, A. M., Warneke, C., Ahmadov, R., Atlas, E. L.,
Bahreini, R., Blake, D. R., Brock, C. A., Brioude, J., Fahey, D. W.,
Fehsenfeld, F. C., Holloway, J. S., Le Henaff, M., Lueb, R. A., McKeen, S.
A., Meagher, J. F., Murphy, D. M., Paris, C., Parrish, D. D., Perring, A. E.,
Pollack, I. B., Ravishankara, A. R., Robinson, A. L., Ryerson, T. B.,
Schwarz, J. P., Spackman, J. R., Srinivasan, A., and Watts, L. A.: Organic
aerosol formation downwind from the Deepwater Horizon oil spill, Science,
331, 1295–1299, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1200320, 2011.
Ding, X., Zheng, M., Edgerton, E., Jansen, J., and Wang, X.: Contemporary or
fossil origin: Split of estimated secondary organic carbon in the
southeastern United States, Environ. Sci. Technol., 42, 9122–9128, 2008.
Donahue, N. M., Robinson, A. L., and Pandis, S. N.: Atmospheric organic
particulate matter: from smoke to secondary organic aerosol, Atmos.
Environ., 43, 94–106, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2008.09.055, 2009.
Donahue, N. M., Kroll, J. H., Pandis, S. N., and Robinson, A. L.: A
two-dimensional volatility basis set – Part 2: Diagnostics of
organic-aerosol evolution, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 615–634,
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-615-2012, 2012.
Edgerton, E. S., Hartsell, B. E., Saylor, R. D., Jansen, J. J., Hansen, D.
A., and Hidy, G. M.: The Southeastern Aerosol Research and Characterization
Study: part 2 – filter-based measurements of PM2.5 and
PMcoarse mass and composition, J. Air Waste Manage., 55,
1527–1542, 2005.
Edgerton, E. S., Hartsell, B. E., Saylor, R. D., Jansen, J. J., Hansen, D.
A., and Hidy, G. M.: The Southeastern Aerosol Research and Characterization
Study, part 3: continuous measurements of fine particulate matter mass and
composition, J. Air Waste Manage., 56, 1325–1341, 2006.
Gao, S., Surratt, J., Knipping, E., Edgerton, E., Shahgholi, M., and
Seinfeld, J.: Characterization of polar organic compounds in fine aerosols in
the southeastern United States: identity, origin and evolution, J. Geophys.
Res., 111, D14314, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005JD006601, 2006.
Goldstein, A. H., Koven, C. D., Heald, C. L., and Fung, I. Y.: Biogenic
carbon and anthropogenic pollutants combine to form a cooling haze over the
southeastern United States, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 106, 8835–8840,
https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0904128106, 2009.
Guo, H., Xu, L., Bougiatioti, A., Cerully, K. M., Capps, S. L., Hite Jr., J.
R., Carlton, A. G., Lee, S.-H., Bergin, M. H., Ng, N. L., Nenes, A., and
Weber, R. J.: Fine-particle water and pH in the southeastern United States,
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 5211–5228, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-5211-2015, 2015.
Haines, T. K., Busby, R. L., and Cleaves, D. A.: Prescribed burning in the
South: trends, purpose, and barriers, South. J. Appl. For., 25, 149–153,
2001.
Hallquist, M., Wenger, J. C., Baltensperger, U., Rudich, Y., Simpson, D.,
Claeys, M., Dommen, J., Donahue, N. M., George, C., Goldstein, A. H.,
Hamilton, J. F., Herrmann, H., Hoffmann, T., Iinuma, Y., Jang, M., Jenkin, M.
E., Jimenez, J. L., Kiendler-Scharr, A., Maenhaut, W., McFiggans, G., Mentel,
Th. F., Monod, A., Prévôt, A. S. H., Seinfeld, J. H., Surratt, J. D.,
Szmigielski, R., and Wildt, J.: The formation, properties and impact of
secondary organic aerosol: current and emerging issues, Atmos. Chem. Phys.,
9, 5155–5236, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-5155-2009, 2009.
Hand, J., Schichtel, B., Pitchford, M., Malm, W., and Frank, N.: Seasonal
composition of remote and urban fine particulate matter in the United States,
J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 117, DO5209, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011JD017122, 2012.
Hansen, D.A., Edgerton, E. S., Hartsell, B. E., Jansen, J. J., Hidy, G. M.,
Kandasamy, K., and Blanchard, C. L.: The Southeastern Aerosol Research and
Characterization Study (SEARCH): 1. overview, J. Air Waste Manage., 53,
1460–1471, 2003.
Hatch, L. E., Creamean, J. M., Ault, A. P., Surratt, J. D., Chan, M. N.,
Seinfeld, J. H., Edgerton, E. S., Su, Y., and Prather, K. A.: Measurements of
isoprene-derived organosulfates in ambient aerosols by aerosol time-of-flight
mass spectrometry, part 1: single particle atmospheric observations in
Atlanta, Environ. Sci. Technol., 45, 5105–5111, 2011a.
Hatch, L. E., Creamean, J. M., Ault, A. P., Surratt, J. D., Chan, M. N.,
Seinfeld, J. H., Edgerton, E. S., Su, Y., and Prather, K. A.: Measurements of
isoprene-derived organosulfates in ambient aerosols by aerosol time-of-flight
mass spectrometry, part 2: temporal variability & formation mechanisms,
Environ. Sci. Technol., 45, 8648–8655, 2011b.
Hidy, G. M., Blanchard, C. L., Baumann, K., Edgerton, E., Tanenbaum, S.,
Shaw, S., Knipping, E., Tombach, I., Jansen, J., and Walters, J.: Chemical
climatology of the southeastern United States, 1999–2013, Atmos. Chem.
Phys., 14, 11893–11914, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-11893-2014, 2014.
Hobbs, H, Reid, J. S., Herring, J. A., Nance, J. D., Weiss, R. E, Ross, J.
L., Hegg, D. A., Ottmar, R. D., and Liousse, C.: Particle and trace-gas
measurements in the smoke from prescribed burns of forest products in the
Pacific northwest, in: Biomass Burning and Global Change, edited by: Levine,
J. S., MIT Press, Cambridge MA, USA, 607–715, 1996.
Hu, W. W., Campuzano-Jost, P., Palm, B. B., Day, D. A., Ortega, A. M., Hayes,
P. L., Krechmer, J. E., Chen, Q., Kuwata, M., Liu, Y. J., de Sá, S. S.,
McKinney, K., Martin, S. T., Hu, M., Budisulistiorini, S. H., Riva, M.,
Surratt, J. D., St. Clair, J. M., Isaacman-Van Wertz, G., Yee, L. D.,
Goldstein, A. H., Carbone, S., Brito, J., Artaxo, P., de Gouw, J. A., Koss,
A., Wisthaler, A., Mikoviny, T., Karl, T., Kaser, L., Jud, W., Hansel, A.,
Docherty, K. S., Alexander, M. L., Robinson, N. H., Coe, H., Allan, J. D.,
Canagaratna, M. R., Paulot, F., and Jimenez, J. L.: Characterization of a
real-time tracer for isoprene epoxydiols-derived secondary organic aerosol
(IEPOX-SOA) from aerosol mass spectrometer measurements, Atmos. Chem. Phys.,
15, 11807–11833, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-11807-2015, 2015.
Huffman, J. A., Docherty, K. S., Mohr, C., Cubison, M. J., Ulbrich, I. M.,
Ziemann, P. J., Onasch, T. B., and Jimenez, J. L.: Chemically-resolved
volatility measurements of organic aerosol from different sources, Environ.
Sci. Technol., 43, 5351–5357, 2009.
Isaacman-VanWertz, G., Goldstein, A., Yee, L., Kreisberg, N., Wernis, R.,
Moss,, J., Hering, S., de Sa, S., Martin, S., Alexander, L., Palm, B., Hu,
W., Campuzano-Jost, P., Day, D., Jiminez, J., Riva, M., Surratt, J.,
Edgerton, E., Baumann, K., Viegas, J., Manzi, A., deSouza, R., and Artaxo,
P.: Biogenic oxidation products that dominate secondary organic aerosol in
forested environments actively partitioning between gas and particle phases,
submitted, 2015.
Kanakidou, M., Seinfeld, J. H., Pandis, S. N., Barnes, I., Dentener, F. J.,
Facchini, M. C., Van Dingenen, R., Ervens, B., Nenes, A., Nielsen, C. J.,
Swietlicki, E., Putaud, J. P., Balkanski, Y., Fuzzi, S., Horth, J., Moortgat,
G. K., Winterhalter, R., Myhre, C. E. L., Tsigaridis, K., Vignati, E.,
Stephanou, E. G., and Wilson, J.: Organic aerosol and global climate
modelling: a review, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 5, 1053–1123,
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-5-1053-2005, 2005.
Kim, P. S., Jacob, D. J., Fisher, J. A., Travis, K., Yu, K., Zhu, L.,
Yantosca, R. M., Sulprizio, M. P., Jimenez, J. L., Campuzano-Jost, P., Froyd,
K. D., Liao, J., Hair, J. W., Fenn, M. A., Butler, C. F., Wagner, N. L.,
Gordon, T. D., Welti, A., Wennberg, P. O., Crounse, J. D., St. Clair, J. M.,
Teng, A. P., Millet, D. B., Schwarz, J. P., Markovic, M. Z., and Perring, A.
E.: Sources, seasonality, and trends of southeast US aerosol: an integrated
analysis of surface, aircraft, and satellite observations with the GEOS-Chem
chemical transport model, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 10411–10433,
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-10411-2015, 2015.
Kleindienst, T., Jaoui, M., Lewandowski, M., Offenburg, J., Lewis, C., Bhave,
P., and Edney, E.: Estimates of the contribution of biogenic and
anthropogenic hydrocarbons to secondary organic aerosol at a southeastern US
location, Atmos. Environ., 41, 8288–8300, 2007.
Kleindienst, T., Lewandowski, M., Offenburg, J., and Edney, E.: Contribution
of primary and secondary sources of organic aerosol and PM2.5 at SEARCH
network sites, J. Air Waste Manage., 60, 1388–1399, 2010.
Kroll, J., Ng, N., Murphy, S., Flagan, R., and Seinfeld, J.: Secondary
organic aerosol formation from isoprene photooxidation, Environ. Sci.
Technol., 40, 1869–1877, 2006.
Landis, M. S., Lewis, C. W., Stevens, R. K., Keeler, G. J., Dvonch, J. T.,
and Tremblay, R. T.: Ft. McHenry tunnel study: source profiles and mercury
emissions from diesel and gasoline powered vehicles, Atmos. Environ., 41,
8711–8724, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2007.07.028, 2007.
Lee, D., Balachandran, S. Pachon, J., Shankaran, R., Lee, S., Mulholland, J.
A., and Russell, A. G.: Ensemble-trained PM2.5 source apportionment
approach for health studies, Environ. Sci. Technol., 43, 7023–7031, 2009.
Lee, S., Baumann, K., Schauer, J. J., Sheesley, R. J., Naeher, L. P.,
Meinardi, S., Blake, D. R., Edgerton, E. S., Russell, A. G., and Clements,
M.: Gaseous and particulate emissions from prescribed burning in Georgia,
Environ. Sci. Technol., 39, 9049–9056, 2005.
Lewandowski, M., Piletic, I., Kleindienst, T., Offenburg, J., Beaver, M.,
Jaoui, M., Docherty, K., and Edney, E.: Secondary organic aerosol
characterization at field sites across the United States during the
spring-summer period, Int. J. Environ. An. Ch. 93, 1084–1103, 2013.
Lewis, C. W.: Determining the sources of particulate and VOC pollutants in
ambient air by radiocarbon (14C) measurements, Sixth International
Conference, Preservation of Our World in the Wake of Change, 30 June–4 July
1996, Jerusalem, Israel, 1996.
Lewis, C. W., Baumgardner, R. E., and Stevens, R. K.: Contribution of
woodsmoke and motor vehicle emissions to ambient aerosol mutagenicity,
Environ. Sci. Technol., 22, 968–971, 1988.
Lewis, C. W., Norris, G. A., Conner, T. L., and Henry, R. C.: Source
apportionment of Phoenix PM2.5 aerosol with the UNMIX receptor model, J.
Air Waste Manage., 53, 325–338, https://doi.org/10.1080/10473289.2003.10466155, 2003.
Lewis, C. W., Klouda, G., and Ellenson, W.: Radiocarbon measurement of the
biogenic contribution to summertime PM2.5 ambient aerosol in Nashville,
TN, Atmos. Environ. 38, 6053–6061, 2004.
Liao, J., Froyd, K., Murphy, D., Keutsch, F., Yu, G., Wennberg, P., St.
Clair, J., Crounse, J., Wisthaler, A., Mikoviny, T., Jiminez, J.,
Campuzano-Jost, P., Day, D., Hu, W., Ryerson, T., Pollack I., Peischl, J.,
Anderson, B., Ziemba, L., Blacke, D., Meinhardi, S., and Diskin, G.: Airborne
measurements of organosulfates over the continental U.S., J. Geophys.
Res.-Atmos., 120, 2990–3005, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014JD022378, 2015.
Lim, H. and Turpin, B.: Origins of primary and secondary organic aerosol in
Atlanta: results of time-resolved measurements during the Atlanta Supersite
experiment, Environ. Sci. Technol., 36, 4489–4496, 2002.
Lin, Y.-H., Knipping, E. M., Edgerton, E. S., Shaw, S. L., and Surratt, J.
D.: Investigating the influences of SO2 and NH3 levels on
isoprene-derived secondary organic aerosol formation using conditional
sampling approaches, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 8457–8470,
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-8457-2013, 2013.
Lin, Y.-H., Budisulistiorini, S., Chu, K., Siejack, R., Zhang, H., Riva, M.,
Zhang, Z., Gold, A., Kautzman, K., and Surratt, J.: Light-absorbing oligomer
formation in secondary organic aerosol from reactive uptake of isoprene
epoxidiols, Environ. Sci. Technol., 48, 12012–12021,
https://doi.org/10.1021/es503142b, 2014.
Malm, W. C., Day, D., Kreidenweis, S., Collett, J., Carrico, C., McMeeking,
G., and Lee, T.: Hygroscopic properties of an organic-laden aerosol, Atmos.
Environ., 39, 4969–4982, 2005.
May, A., Saleh, R., Hennigan, C., Donahue, N., and Robinson, A.: Volatility
of organic molecular markers used for source apportionment analysis:
measurements and implications for atmospheric lifetime, Environ. Sci.
Technol., 46, 12435–12444, 2012.
McDonald, B., Goldstein, A., and Harley, R.: Long-term trends in California
mobile source emissions and ambient concentrations of black carbon and
organic aerosol, Environ. Sci. Technol., 49, 5178–5188, 2015.
McDonald, J. D., Chow, J. C., Peccia, J., Liu, Y., Chand, R., Hidy, G. M.,
and Mauderly, J. L.: Influence of collection region and site type on the
composition of paved road dust, Air Qual. Atmos. Health, 6, 615–628,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11869-013-0200-4, 2013.
Murphy, B. and Pandis, S.: Exploring summertime organic aerosol formation in
the eastern United States using a regional-scale budget approach and ambient
measurements, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. 115, D24216,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2010JD014418, 2010.
Nguyen, E. R., Capps, S., and Carlton, A.: Decreasing aerosol water with OC
trends in the southeast U.S., Environ. Sci. Technol. 49, 7843–7850, 2015.
Pachon, J. E., Balachandran, S., Hu, Y., Weber, R. J., Mulholland, J. A., and
Russell, A. G.: Comparison of SOC estimates and uncertainties from aerosol
chemical composition and gas phase data in Atlanta, Atmos. Environ., 44,
3907–3914, 2010.
Pandis, S., Paulson, S., Seinfeld, J., and Flagan, R.: Aerosol formation in
the photooxidation of isoprene and b-pinene, Atmos. Environ. 25A, 1997–1991,
1991.
Presto, A. A., Gordon, T. D., and Robinson, A. L.: Primary to secondary
organic aerosol: evolution of organic emissions from mobile combustion
sources, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 5015–5036, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-5015-2014,
2014.
Provencher, L., Herring, B. J., Gordon, D. R., Rodgers, H. L., Tanner, G. W.,
Hardesty, J. L., Brennan, L. A., and Litt, A. R.: Longleaf pine and oak
responses to hardwood reduction techniques in fire-suppressed sandhills in
northwest Florida, Forest Ecol. Manag., 148, 63–77, 2001.
Reff, A., Bhave, P., Simon, H., Pace, T. S., Pouliot, G. A., Mobley, D., and
Houyoux, M.: Emissions inventory of PM2.5 trace elements across the
United States, Environ. Sci. Technol., 43, 5790–5796, 2009.
Reid, J. S., Koppmann, R., Eck, T. F., and Eleuterio, D. P.: A review of
biomass burning emissions part II: intensive physical properties of biomass
burning particles, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 5, 799–825,
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-5-799-2005, 2005.
Robinson, A. L., Donahue, N. M., Shrivastava, M. K., Weitkamp, E. A., Sage,
A. M., Grieshop, A. P., Lane, T. E., Jeffrey R. Pierce, J. R., and Pandis, S.
N.: Rethinking organic aerosols: semivolatile emissions and photochemical
aging, Science, 315, 1259–1262, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1133061, 2007.
Saylor, R. D., Edgerton, E. S., and Hartsell, B. E.: Linear regression
techniques for use in the EC tracer method of secondary organic aerosol
estimation, Atmos. Environ., 40, 7546–7556, 2006.
Schauer, J. J., Rogge, W. F., Hildemann, L. M., Mazurek, M. A., and Cass, G.
R.: Source apportionment of airborne particulate matter using organic
compounds as tracers, Atmos. Environ., 30, 3837–3855, 1996.
Shilling, J. E., Zaveri, R. A., Fast, J. D., Kleinman, L., Alexander, M. L.,
Canagaratna, M. R., Fortner, E., Hubbe, J. M., Jayne, J. T., Sedlacek, A.,
Setyan, A., Springston, S., Worsnop, D. R., and Zhang, Q.: Enhanced SOA
formation from mixed anthropogenic and biogenic emissions during the CARES
campaign, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 2091–2113, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-2091-2013,
2013.
Surratt, J., Kroll, J., Kleindinst, T., Edney, E., Claeys, M., Sorooshian,
A., Ng, N., Offenberg, J., Lewandowski, M., Jaoui, M., Flagan, R., and
Seinfeld, J.: Evidence for organosulfates in secondary organic aerosol,
Environ. Sci. Technol., 41, 517–527, 2007.
Tang, I. N.: Chemical and size effects of hygroscopic aerosols on light
scattering coefficients, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 19245–19250, 1996.
Tanner, R., Parkhurst, W., and McNichol, A.: Fossil sources of ambient
aerosol carbon based on 14C measurements, Aerosol Sci. Technol., 38,
133–139, 2004.
Taylor, N. F., Collins, D. R., Spencer, C. W., Lowenthal, D. H., Zielinska,
B., Samburova, V., and Kumar, N.: Measurement of ambient aerosol hydration
state at Great Smoky Mountains National Park in the southeastern United
States, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 12085–12107,
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-12085-2011, 2011.
Tombach, I.: Estimating Particle-Bound Water in Weighed Sulfate and Nitrate
Particles Collected in the Southeast, in preparation for Southern Company,
2004.
Turpin, B. J. and Lim, H.-J.: Species contributions to PM2.5 mass
concentrations: revisiting common assumptions for estimating organic mass,
Aerosol Sci. Technol., 25, 602–610, 2001.
EPA: Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) 5.0 Fundamentals and User Guide,
EPA/600/R-14/108, availabe at:
http://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2015-02/documents/pmf_5.0_user_guide.pdf
(last access: 18 December 2015), April 2014.
Varner III, J. M., Gordon, D. R., Putz, F. E., and Hiers, J. K.: Restoring
fire to long-unburned Pinus palustris ecosystems: novel fire effects and
consequences for long-unburned ecosystems, Restor. Ecol., 13, 536–544, 2005.
Wade, D. D., Brock, B. L., Brose, P. H., Grace, J. B., Hoch, G. A., and
Patterson, W. A.: Fire in eastern ecosystems, in: Wildland Fire in
Ecosystems: Effects of Fire on Flora, USDA Forest Service, edited by: Brown,
J. K. and Smith, J. K., Rocky Mountain Research Station, Gen. Tech. Rep.
RMRS-42, Ogden, UT, USA, available at:
http://www.treesearch.fs.fed.us/pubs/4554 (last access: 18 December
2015), 2000.
Washenfelder, R., Attwood, A., Brock, C., Guo, H., Xu, L., Weber, R., Ng, N.,
Allen, H., Ayres, B., Baumann, K., Cohen, R., Draper, C., Duffey, K.,
Edgerton, E., Fry, J., Jiminez, J., Palm, B., Romer, P., Stone, E.,
Woodridge, P., and Brown, S.: Biomass burning dominates brown carbon
absorption in the rural southeastern United States. Geophys. Res. Lett., 42,
653–664, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014GL062444, 2015.
Watson, J. G., Chow, J. C., Chen, L.-W. A., Lowenthal, D. H., Fujita, E. M.,
Kuhns, H. D., Sodeman, D. A., Campbell, D. E., Moosmüller, H., and Zhu,
D. Z.: Particulate emission factors for mobile fossil fuel and biomass
combustion sources, Sci. Total Environ., 409, 2384–2396, 2011.
Watson, J. G., Chow, J. C., Lowenthal, D. H., Chen, L.-W. A., Shaw, S.,
Edgerton, E. S., and Blanchard, C. L.: PM2.5 source apportionment with
organic markers in the Southeastern Aerosol Research and Characterization
(SEARCH) study, J. Air Waste Manage., 65, 1104–1118,
https://doi.org/10.1080/10962247.2015.1063551, 2015.
Weber, R. J., Sullivan, A. P., Peltier, R. E., Russell, A., Yan, B., Zheng,
M., de Gouw, J., Warneke, C., Brock, C., Holloway, J. S., Atlas, E. L., and
Edgerton, E.: A study of secondary organic aerosol formation in the
anthropogenic-influenced southeastern United States, J. Geophys. Res., 112,
D13302, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007JD008408, 2007.
Xu, L., Guo, H., Boyd, C. M., Klein, M., Bougiatioti, A., Cerully, K. M.,
Hite, J. R., Isaacman-VanWertz, G., Kreisberg, N. M., Knote, C., Olson, K.,
Koss, A., Goldstein, A. H., Hering, S., de Gouw, J., Baumann, K., Lee, S.-H.,
Nenes, A., Weber, R., and Ng, N. L.: Effects of anthropogenic emissions on
aerosol formation from isoprene and monoterpenes in the southeastern United
States, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 112, 37–42, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1417609112,
2015a.
Xu, L., Suresh, S., Guo, H., Weber, R. J., and Ng, N. L.: Aerosol
characterization over the southeastern United States using high-resolution
aerosol mass spectrometry: spatial and seasonal variation of aerosol
composition and sources with a focus on organic nitrates, Atmos. Chem. Phys.,
15, 7307–7336, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-7307-2015, 2015b.
Yu, S., Bhave, P., Dennis, R., and Mathur, R.: Seasonal and regional
variations of primary and secondary organic aerosols over the continental
United States: semi-empirical estimates and model evaluation, Environ. Sci.
Technol., 41, 4690–4697, 2007.
Zhang, X., Hecobian, A., Zheng, M., Frank, N. H., and Weber, R. J.: Biomass
burning impact on PM2.5 over the southeastern US during 2007:
integrating chemically speciated FRM filter measurements, MODIS fire counts
and PMF analysis, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 6839–6853,
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-6839-2010, 2010.
Zheng, M., Cass, G. R., Schauer, J. J., and Edgerton, E. S.: Source
apportionment of PM2.5 in the southeastern United States using
solvent-extractable organic compounds as tracers, Environ. Sci. Technol., 36,
2361–2371, 2002.
Zheng, M., Ke, L., Edgerton E. S., Schauer, J. J., Dong, M., and Russell, A.
G.: Spatial distribution of carbonaceous aerosol in the southeastern United
States using molecular markers and carbon isotope data, J. Geophys. Res.,
111, D10S06, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005JD006777, 2006.
Short summary
Fifteen years of gas and particle measurements at eight monitoring sites comprising the Southeastern Aerosol Research and Characterization (SEARCH) network offer insights into the sources of organic aerosol in the southeastern United States. Between 1999 and 2013, mean organic aerosol concentrations declined due to decreasing particle emissions from motor vehicles and to less secondary organic aerosol with declining emissions of sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, and volatile organic compounds.
Fifteen years of gas and particle measurements at eight monitoring sites comprising the...
Altmetrics
Final-revised paper
Preprint