Articles | Volume 26, issue 1
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-733-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-733-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
15 Jan 2026
Research article |
| 15 Jan 2026
| 15 Jan 2026
Global VOC emissions quantified from inversion of TROPOMI spaceborne formaldehyde and glyoxal data
Yasmine Sfendla
Royal Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy (BIRA-IASB), Brussels, Belgium
Trissevgeni Stavrakou
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Royal Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy (BIRA-IASB), Brussels, Belgium
Jean-François Müller
Royal Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy (BIRA-IASB), Brussels, Belgium
Glenn-Michael Oomen
Royal Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy (BIRA-IASB), Brussels, Belgium
Beata Opacka
Royal Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy (BIRA-IASB), Brussels, Belgium
Thomas Danckaert
Royal Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy (BIRA-IASB), Brussels, Belgium
Isabelle De Smedt
Royal Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy (BIRA-IASB), Brussels, Belgium
Christophe Lerot
constellr, Brussels, Belgium
Related authors
No articles found.
Herizo Narivelo, Bastien Sauvage, Klaas Folkert Boersma, Isabelle De Smedt, Isidora Anglou, Michel Van Roozendael, Eric Le Flochmoën, and Brice Barret
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2026-1652, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2026-1652, 2026
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (ACP).
Short summary
Short summary
Tropospheric ozone is a key component of air pollution; it is produced by the photochemical oxidation of volatile organic compounds in the presence of nitrogen oxides. Using satellite observations, we determine the best combination of emission inventories for biomass-burning and anthropogenic sources, we analyse the impact of the evolution of two surface emissions in tropics on tropospheric ozone and its chemical regime, using numerical simulations over the last few decades.
Glenn-Michael Oomen, Jean-François Müller, Trissevgeni Stavrakou, Isabelle De Smedt, Vincent Huijnen, Flora Kluge, Antje Inness, and Johannes Flemming
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2026-2362, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2026-2362, 2026
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for Geoscientific Model Development (GMD).
Short summary
Short summary
Isoprene is a commonly emitted organic gas emitted by trees. In this work, we strongly simplified the chemical mechanism through parametric fitting, which helps scientists study air pollution and climate more efficiently. By comparing it with a detailed model and satellite observations, we show that the simplified version produces very similar results. This means faster calculations are possible without losing accuracy, improving studies of emissions and air quality worldwide.
Jean-François Müller, Trissevgeni Stavrakou, Bruno Franco, Lieven Clarisse, Crist Amelynck, Niels Schoon, Bert W. D. Verreyken, Beata Opacka, Corinne Vigouroux, Alex B. Guenther, Emmanuel Mahieu, Maria Makarova, and Kimberly Strong
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 26, 5375–5406, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-5375-2026, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-5375-2026, 2026
Short summary
Short summary
We use an atmospheric model and aircraft measurements to evaluate methanol measurements from satellite sensors. The spaceborne data are found to be too low over source regions. Next, we use the model and the bias-corrected satellite data to derive improved terrestrial emissions of methanol between 2008 and 2019, and we evaluate the results against aircraft and ground-based measurements. This work shows that biogenic emissions of methanol might be ~ 60 % larger than previously estimated.
Antoine Pasternak, Jean-François Müller, Catalina Poraicu, Alexis Merlaud, Frederik Tack, and Trissevgeni Stavrakou
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 26, 5185–5212, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-5185-2026, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-5185-2026, 2026
Short summary
Short summary
Nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) is a major air pollutant with strong spatial variability near urban sources. We use a regional chemical transport model to simulate NO₂ levels over Bucharest and compare the results with in situ, aircraft, and satellite measurements. We find that emissions of nitrogen oxides are likely underestimated and that the accuracy of the satellite instrument varies with pollution levels. Our results improve the interpretation of satellite data for air quality monitoring.
Aoxing Zhang, Tzung-May Fu, Yuhang Wang, Enyu Xiong, Wenlu Wu, Yumin Li, Lei Zhu, Wei Tao, Kelley C. Wells, Dylan B. Millet, Zhe Wang, Bin Yuan, Min Shao, Christophe Lerot, Thomas Danckaert, Ruixiong Zhang, and Kelvin H. Bates
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 26, 5123–5150, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-5123-2026, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-5123-2026, 2026
Short summary
Short summary
Glyoxal, a product of volatile organic compound oxidation, influences atmospheric oxidation and aerosol formation but is underestimated in models. By improving emissions, chemistry, and marine sources in GEOS-Chem, we better reproduce observed glyoxal over land and ocean, which strengthens global oxidation capacity and aerosol formation. The results highlight glyoxal's role as a proxy of atmospheric oxidation, and emphasize the needs of accurately representing glyoxal chemistry.
Lorenzo Fabris, Nicolas Theys, Lieven Clarisse, Bruno Franco, Jonas Vlietinck, Huan Yu, Hugues Brenot, Thomas Danckaert, Pascal Hedelt, and Michel Van Roozendael
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 19, 1801–1824, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-19-1801-2026, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-19-1801-2026, 2026
Short summary
Short summary
In this study, we developed an improved algorithm to retrieve the sulfur dioxide plume height and column density from the spectral band 2 of the TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument onboard the Sentinel-5 Precursor satellite. We tested its sensitivity to various conditions and applied it to real volcanic eruptions. Overall, our approach shows high precision, accuracy, and sensitivity, and the results are consistent with other satellite measurements.
Gaia Pinardi, Martina M. Friedrich, Corinne Vigouroux, Bavo Langerock, Isabelle De Smedt, Caroline Fayt, Christian Hermans, Steffen Beirle, Thomas Wagner, Minqiang Zhou, Ting Wang, Pucai Wang, Martine De Mazière, and Michel Van Roozendael
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 19, 1259–1291, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-19-1259-2026, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-19-1259-2026, 2026
Short summary
Short summary
We evaluate ground-based remote-sensing measurements of formaldehyde from three techniques at a suburban site in China. A systematic −20 % bias in Multi-AXis Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy compared to direct-sun ultraviolet and infrared data is linked to limited sensitivity above a few kilometers and simplified vertical profiles assumptions. Using model-based priors and accounting for vertical sensitivity removes these differences, improving consistency for satellite validation.
Huan Yu, Isabelle De Smedt, Nicolas Theys, Maarten Sneep, Pepijn Veefkind, and Michel Van Roozendael
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 18, 4131–4163, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-18-4131-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-18-4131-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
We introduce a new cloud retrieval algorithm using the O2–O2 absorption band at 477 nm to generate harmonized cloud datasets from OMI and TROPOMI. The algorithm improves upon the OMI O2–O2 operational cloud algorithm in several aspects. The new approach improves consistency in cloud parameters and NO2 retrievals between two sensors.
Suvarna Fadnavis, Yasin Elshorbany, Jerald Ziemke, Brice Barret, Alexandru Rap, P. R. Satheesh Chandran, Richard J. Pope, Vijay Sagar, Domenico Taraborrelli, Eric Le Flochmoen, Juan Cuesta, Catherine Wespes, Folkert Boersma, Isolde Glissenaar, Isabelle De Smedt, Michel Van Roozendael, Hervé Petetin, and Isidora Anglou
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 8229–8254, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-8229-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-8229-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Satellites and model simulations show enhancement in tropospheric ozone, which is highly impacted by human-produced nitrous oxides compared to volatile organic compounds. The increased amount of ozone enhances ozone radiative forcing. The ozone enhancement and associated radiative forcing are the highest over South and East Asia. The emissions of nitrous oxides show a higher influence on shifting ozone photochemical regimes than volatile organic compounds.
Catalina Poraicu, Jean-François Müller, Trissevgeni Stavrakou, Crist Amelynck, Bert W. D. Verreyken, Niels Schoon, Corinne Vigouroux, Nicolas Kumps, Jérôme Brioude, Pierre Tulet, and Camille Mouchel-Vallon
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 6903–6941, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-6903-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-6903-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
We investigated the sources and impacts of nitrogen oxides and organic compounds over a remote tropical island. Simulations of the high-resolution Weather Research and Forecasting model coupled with chemistry (WRF-Chem) were evaluated using in situ Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and satellite measurements. This work highlights gaps in current models, like missing sources of key organic compounds and inaccuracies in emission inventories, emphasizing the importance of improving chemical and dynamical processes in atmospheric modelling for budget estimates in tropical regions.
Yuhang Zhang, Huan Yu, Isabelle De Smedt, Jintai Lin, Nicolas Theys, Michel Van Roozendael, Gaia Pinardi, Steven Compernolle, Ruijing Ni, Fangxuan Ren, Sijie Wang, Lulu Chen, Jos Van Geffen, Mengyao Liu, Alexander M. Cede, Martin Tiefengraber, Alexis Merlaud, Martina M. Friedrich, Andreas Richter, Ankie Piters, Vinod Kumar, Vinayak Sinha, Thomas Wagner, Yongjoo Choi, Hisahiro Takashima, Yugo Kanaya, Hitoshi Irie, Robert Spurr, Wenfu Sun, and Lorenzo Fabris
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 18, 1561–1589, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-18-1561-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-18-1561-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
We developed an advanced algorithm for global retrieval of TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) HCHO and NO2 vertical column densities with much improved consistency. Sensitivity tests demonstrate the complexity and nonlinear interactions of auxiliary parameters in the air mass factor calculation. An improved agreement is found with measurements from a global ground-based instrument network. The scientific retrieval provides a useful source of information for studies combining HCHO and NO2.
Beata Opacka, Trissevgeni Stavrakou, Jean-François Müller, Isabelle De Smedt, Jos van Geffen, Eloise A. Marais, Rebekah P. Horner, Dylan B. Millet, Kelly C. Wells, and Alex B. Guenther
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 2863–2894, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-2863-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-2863-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Vegetation releases biogenic volatile organic compounds, while soils and lightning contribute to the natural emissions of nitrogen oxides into the atmosphere. These gases interact in complex ways. Using satellite data and models, we developed a new method to simultaneously optimize these natural emissions over Africa in 2019. Our approach resulted in an increase in natural emissions, supported by independent data indicating that current estimates are underestimated.
Min Huang, Gregory R. Carmichael, Kevin W. Bowman, Isabelle De Smedt, Andreas Colliander, Michael H. Cosh, Sujay V. Kumar, Alex B. Guenther, Scott J. Janz, Ryan M. Stauffer, Anne M. Thompson, Niko M. Fedkin, Robert J. Swap, John D. Bolten, and Alicia T. Joseph
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 1449–1476, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-1449-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-1449-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
We use model simulations along with multiplatform, multidisciplinary observations and a range of analysis methods to estimate and understand the distributions, temporal changes, and impacts of reactive nitrogen and ozone over the most populous US region that has undergone significant environmental changes. Deposition, biogenic emissions, and extra-regional sources have been playing increasingly important roles in controlling pollutant budgets in this area as local anthropogenic emissions drop.
Jin Liao, Glenn M. Wolfe, Alexander E. Kotsakis, Julie M. Nicely, Jason M. St. Clair, Thomas F. Hanisco, Gonzalo González Abad, Caroline R. Nowlan, Zolal Ayazpour, Isabelle De Smedt, Eric C. Apel, and Rebecca S. Hornbrook
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 18, 1–16, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-18-1-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-18-1-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Validation of satellite HCHO over the remote marine regions is relatively low, and modeled HCHO in these regions is usually added as a global satellite HCHO background. This paper intercompares three satellite HCHO retrievals and validates them against in situ observations from the NASA ATom mission. All retrievals are correlated with ATom-integrated columns over remote oceans, with OMI SAO (v004) showing the best agreement. A persistent low bias is found in all retrievals at high latitudes.
Eunjo S. Ha, Rokjin J. Park, Hyeong-Ahn Kwon, Gitaek T. Lee, Sieun D. Lee, Seunga Shin, Dong-Won Lee, Hyunkee Hong, Christophe Lerot, Isabelle De Smedt, Thomas Danckaert, Francois Hendrick, and Hitoshi Irie
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 17, 6369–6384, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-6369-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-6369-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
In this study, we evaluated the GEMS glyoxal products by comparing them with TROPOMI and MAX-DOAS measurements. GEMS and TROPOMI VCDs present similar spatial distributions. Monthly variations in GEMS VCDs and TROPOMI and MAX-DOAS VCDs differ in northeastern Asia, which we attributed to a polluted reference spectrum and high NO2 concentrations. GEMS glyoxal products with unparalleled temporal resolution would enrich our understanding of VOC emissions and diurnal variation.
Yasin Elshorbany, Jerald R. Ziemke, Sarah Strode, Hervé Petetin, Kazuyuki Miyazaki, Isabelle De Smedt, Kenneth Pickering, Rodrigo J. Seguel, Helen Worden, Tamara Emmerichs, Domenico Taraborrelli, Maria Cazorla, Suvarna Fadnavis, Rebecca R. Buchholz, Benjamin Gaubert, Néstor Y. Rojas, Thiago Nogueira, Thérèse Salameh, and Min Huang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 12225–12257, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-12225-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-12225-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We investigated tropospheric ozone spatial variability and trends from 2005 to 2019 and related those to ozone precursors on global and regional scales. We also investigate the spatiotemporal characteristics of the ozone formation regime in relation to ozone chemical sources and sinks. Our analysis is based on remote sensing products of the tropospheric column of ozone and its precursors, nitrogen dioxide, formaldehyde, and total column CO, as well as ozonesonde data and model simulations.
Gitaek T. Lee, Rokjin J. Park, Hyeong-Ahn Kwon, Eunjo S. Ha, Sieun D. Lee, Seunga Shin, Myoung-Hwan Ahn, Mina Kang, Yong-Sang Choi, Gyuyeon Kim, Dong-Won Lee, Deok-Rae Kim, Hyunkee Hong, Bavo Langerock, Corinne Vigouroux, Christophe Lerot, Francois Hendrick, Gaia Pinardi, Isabelle De Smedt, Michel Van Roozendael, Pucai Wang, Heesung Chong, Yeseul Cho, and Jhoon Kim
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 4733–4749, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-4733-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-4733-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study evaluates the Geostationary Environment Monitoring Spectrometer (GEMS) HCHO product by comparing its vertical column densities (VCDs) with those of TROPOMI and ground-based observations. Based on some sensitivity tests, obtaining radiance references under clear-sky conditions significantly improves HCHO retrieval quality. GEMS HCHO VCDs captured seasonal and diurnal variations well during the first year of observation, showing consistency with TROPOMI and ground-based observations.
Jean-François Müller, Trissevgeni Stavrakou, Glenn-Michael Oomen, Beata Opacka, Isabelle De Smedt, Alex Guenther, Corinne Vigouroux, Bavo Langerock, Carlos Augusto Bauer Aquino, Michel Grutter, James Hannigan, Frank Hase, Rigel Kivi, Erik Lutsch, Emmanuel Mahieu, Maria Makarova, Jean-Marc Metzger, Isamu Morino, Isao Murata, Tomoo Nagahama, Justus Notholt, Ivan Ortega, Mathias Palm, Amelie Röhling, Wolfgang Stremme, Kimberly Strong, Ralf Sussmann, Yao Té, and Alan Fried
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 2207–2237, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-2207-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-2207-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Formaldehyde observations from satellites can be used to constrain the emissions of volatile organic compounds, but those observations have biases. Using an atmospheric model, aircraft and ground-based remote sensing data, we quantify these biases, propose a correction to the data, and assess the consequence of this correction for the evaluation of emissions.
Glenn-Michael Oomen, Jean-François Müller, Trissevgeni Stavrakou, Isabelle De Smedt, Thomas Blumenstock, Rigel Kivi, Maria Makarova, Mathias Palm, Amelie Röhling, Yao Té, Corinne Vigouroux, Martina M. Friedrich, Udo Frieß, François Hendrick, Alexis Merlaud, Ankie Piters, Andreas Richter, Michel Van Roozendael, and Thomas Wagner
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 449–474, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-449-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-449-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Natural emissions from vegetation have a profound impact on air quality for their role in the formation of harmful tropospheric ozone and organic aerosols, yet these emissions are highly uncertain. In this study, we quantify emissions of organic gases over Europe using high-quality satellite measurements of formaldehyde. These satellite observations suggest that emissions from vegetation are much higher than predicted by models, especially in southern Europe.
Rodriguez Yombo Phaka, Alexis Merlaud, Gaia Pinardi, Martina M. Friedrich, Michel Van Roozendael, Jean-François Müller, Trissevgeni Stavrakou, Isabelle De Smedt, François Hendrick, Ermioni Dimitropoulou, Richard Bopili Mbotia Lepiba, Edmond Phuku Phuati, Buenimio Lomami Djibi, Lars Jacobs, Caroline Fayt, Jean-Pierre Mbungu Tsumbu, and Emmanuel Mahieu
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 16, 5029–5050, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-5029-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-5029-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We present air quality measurements in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo, performed with a newly developed instrument which was installed on a roof of the University of Kinshasa in November 2019. The instrument records spectra of the scattered sunlight, from which we derive the abundances of nitrogen dioxide and formaldehyde, two important pollutants. We compare our ground-based measurements with those of the TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI).
Catalina Poraicu, Jean-François Müller, Trissevgeni Stavrakou, Dominique Fonteyn, Frederik Tack, Felix Deutsch, Quentin Laffineur, Roeland Van Malderen, and Nele Veldeman
Geosci. Model Dev., 16, 479–508, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-479-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-479-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
High-resolution WRF-Chem simulations are conducted over Antwerp, Belgium, in June 2019 and evaluated using meteorological data and in situ, airborne, and spaceborne NO2 measurements. An intercomparison of model, aircraft, and TROPOMI NO2 columns is conducted to characterize biases in versions 1.3.1 and 2.3.1 of the satellite product. A mass balance method is implemented to provide improved emissions for simulating NO2 distribution over the study area.
Nicolas Theys, Christophe Lerot, Hugues Brenot, Jeroen van Gent, Isabelle De Smedt, Lieven Clarisse, Mike Burton, Matthew Varnam, Catherine Hayer, Benjamin Esse, and Michel Van Roozendael
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 15, 4801–4817, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-4801-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-4801-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Sulfur dioxide plume height after a volcanic eruption is an important piece of information for many different scientific studies and applications. Satellite UV retrievals are useful in this respect, but available algorithms have shown so far limited sensitivity to SO2 height. Here we present a new technique to improve the retrieval of SO2 plume height for SO2 columns as low as 5 DU. We demonstrate the algorithm using TROPOMI measurements and compare with other height estimates.
Pieternel F. Levelt, Deborah C. Stein Zweers, Ilse Aben, Maite Bauwens, Tobias Borsdorff, Isabelle De Smedt, Henk J. Eskes, Christophe Lerot, Diego G. Loyola, Fabian Romahn, Trissevgeni Stavrakou, Nicolas Theys, Michel Van Roozendael, J. Pepijn Veefkind, and Tijl Verhoelst
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 10319–10351, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-10319-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-10319-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Using the COVID-19 lockdown periods as an example, we show how Sentinel-5P/TROPOMI trace gas data (NO2, SO2, CO, HCHO and CHOCHO) can be used to understand impacts on air quality for regions and cities around the globe. We also provide information for both experienced and inexperienced users about how we created the data using state-of-the-art algorithms, where to get the data, methods taking meteorological and seasonal variability into consideration, and insights for future studies.
Tianlang Zhao, Jingqiu Mao, William R. Simpson, Isabelle De Smedt, Lei Zhu, Thomas F. Hanisco, Glenn M. Wolfe, Jason M. St. Clair, Gonzalo González Abad, Caroline R. Nowlan, Barbara Barletta, Simone Meinardi, Donald R. Blake, Eric C. Apel, and Rebecca S. Hornbrook
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 7163–7178, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-7163-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-7163-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Monitoring formaldehyde (HCHO) can help us understand Arctic vegetation change. Here, we compare satellite data and model and show that Alaska summertime HCHO is largely dominated by a background from methane oxidation during mild wildfire years and is dominated by wildfire (largely from direct emission of fire) during strong fire years. Consequently, it is challenging to use satellite HCHO to study vegetation change in the Arctic region.
Christophe Lerot, François Hendrick, Michel Van Roozendael, Leonardo M. A. Alvarado, Andreas Richter, Isabelle De Smedt, Nicolas Theys, Jonas Vlietinck, Huan Yu, Jeroen Van Gent, Trissevgeni Stavrakou, Jean-François Müller, Pieter Valks, Diego Loyola, Hitoshi Irie, Vinod Kumar, Thomas Wagner, Stefan F. Schreier, Vinayak Sinha, Ting Wang, Pucai Wang, and Christian Retscher
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 14, 7775–7807, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-7775-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-7775-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Global measurements of glyoxal tropospheric columns from the satellite instrument TROPOMI are presented. Such measurements can contribute to the estimation of atmospheric emissions of volatile organic compounds. This new glyoxal product has been fully characterized with a comprehensive error budget, with comparison with other satellite data sets as well as with validation based on independent ground-based remote sensing glyoxal observations.
Sharmine Akter Simu, Yuzo Miyazaki, Eri Tachibana, Henning Finkenzeller, Jérôme Brioude, Aurélie Colomb, Olivier Magand, Bert Verreyken, Stephanie Evan, Rainer Volkamer, and Trissevgeni Stavrakou
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 17017–17029, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-17017-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-17017-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The tropical Indian Ocean (IO) is expected to be a significant source of water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC), which is relevant to cloud formation. Our study showed that marine secondary organic formation dominantly contributed to the aerosol WSOC mass at the high-altitude observatory in the southwest IO in the wet season in both marine boundary layer and free troposphere (FT). This suggests that the effect of marine secondary sources is important up to FT, a process missing in climate models.
Nicolas Theys, Vitali Fioletov, Can Li, Isabelle De Smedt, Christophe Lerot, Chris McLinden, Nickolay Krotkov, Debora Griffin, Lieven Clarisse, Pascal Hedelt, Diego Loyola, Thomas Wagner, Vinod Kumar, Antje Innes, Roberto Ribas, François Hendrick, Jonas Vlietinck, Hugues Brenot, and Michel Van Roozendael
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 16727–16744, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-16727-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-16727-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We present a new algorithm to retrieve sulfur dioxide from space UV measurements. We apply the technique to high-resolution TROPOMI measurements and demonstrate the high sensitivity of the approach to weak SO2 emissions worldwide with an unprecedented limit of detection of 8 kt yr−1. This result has broad implications for atmospheric science studies dealing with improving emission inventories and identifying and quantifying missing sources, in the context of air quality and climate.
Bert Verreyken, Crist Amelynck, Niels Schoon, Jean-François Müller, Jérôme Brioude, Nicolas Kumps, Christian Hermans, Jean-Marc Metzger, Aurélie Colomb, and Trissevgeni Stavrakou
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 12965–12988, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-12965-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-12965-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We present a 2-year dataset of trace gas concentrations, specifically an array of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), recorded at the Maïdo observatory, a remote tropical high-altitude site located on a small island in the southwest Indian Ocean. We found that island-scale transport is an important driver for the daily cycle of VOC concentrations. During the day, surface emissions from the island affect the atmospheric composition at Maïdo greatly, while at night this impact is strongly reduced.
Thierno Doumbia, Claire Granier, Nellie Elguindi, Idir Bouarar, Sabine Darras, Guy Brasseur, Benjamin Gaubert, Yiming Liu, Xiaoqin Shi, Trissevgeni Stavrakou, Simone Tilmes, Forrest Lacey, Adrien Deroubaix, and Tao Wang
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 13, 4191–4206, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-4191-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-4191-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Most countries around the world have implemented control measures to combat the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic, resulting in significant changes in economic and personal activities. We developed the CONFORM (COvid-19 adjustmeNt Factors fOR eMissions) dataset to account for changes in emissions during lockdowns. This dataset was created with the intention of being directly applicable to existing global and regional inventories used in chemical transport models.
Isabelle De Smedt, Gaia Pinardi, Corinne Vigouroux, Steven Compernolle, Alkis Bais, Nuria Benavent, Folkert Boersma, Ka-Lok Chan, Sebastian Donner, Kai-Uwe Eichmann, Pascal Hedelt, François Hendrick, Hitoshi Irie, Vinod Kumar, Jean-Christopher Lambert, Bavo Langerock, Christophe Lerot, Cheng Liu, Diego Loyola, Ankie Piters, Andreas Richter, Claudia Rivera Cárdenas, Fabian Romahn, Robert George Ryan, Vinayak Sinha, Nicolas Theys, Jonas Vlietinck, Thomas Wagner, Ting Wang, Huan Yu, and Michel Van Roozendael
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 12561–12593, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-12561-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-12561-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
This paper assess the performances of the TROPOMI formaldehyde observations compared to its predecessor OMI at different spatial and temporal scales. We also use a global network of MAX-DOAS instruments to validate both satellite datasets for a large range of HCHO columns. The precision obtained with daily TROPOMI observations is comparable to monthly OMI observations. We present clear detection of weak HCHO column enhancements related to shipping emissions in the Indian Ocean.
Beata Opacka, Jean-François Müller, Trissevgeni Stavrakou, Maite Bauwens, Katerina Sindelarova, Jana Markova, and Alex B. Guenther
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 8413–8436, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-8413-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-8413-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Isoprene is mainly emitted from plants, and about 80 % of its global emissions occur in the tropics. Current isoprene inventories are usually based on modelled vegetation maps, but high pressure on land use over the last decades has led to severe losses, especially in tropical forests, that are not considered by models. We provide a study on the present-day impact of spaceborne land cover changes on isoprene emissions and the first inventory based on high-resolution Landsat tree cover dataset.
Cited articles
Alvarado, L. M. A., Richter, A., Vrekoussis, M., Hilboll, A., Kalisz Hedegaard, A. B., Schneising, O., and Burrows, J. P.: Unexpected long-range transport of glyoxal and formaldehyde observed from the Copernicus Sentinel-5 Precursor satellite during the 2018 Canadian wildfires, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 2057–2072, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-2057-2020, 2020. a
An, J., Huang, Y., Huang, C., Wang, X., Yan, R., Wang, Q., Wang, H., Jing, S., Zhang, Y., Liu, Y., Chen, Y., Xu, C., Qiao, L., Zhou, M., Zhu, S., Hu, Q., Lu, J., and Chen, C.: Emission inventory of air pollutants and chemical speciation for specific anthropogenic sources based on local measurements in the Yangtze River Delta region, China, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 2003–2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-2003-2021, 2021. a, b
Andreae, M. O.: Emission of trace gases and aerosols from biomass burning – an updated assessment, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 8523–8546, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-8523-2019, 2019. a, b
Bates, K. H., Jacob, D. J., Li, K., Ivatt, P. D., Evans, M. J., Yan, Y., and Lin, J.: Development and evaluation of a new compact mechanism for aromatic oxidation in atmospheric models, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 18351–18374, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-18351-2021, 2021. a, b, c, d
Barkley, M. P., González Abad, G., Kurosu, T. P., Spurr, R., Torbatian, S., and Lerot, C.: OMI air-quality monitoring over the Middle East, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 4687–4709, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-4687-2017, 2017. a
Bauwens, M., Stavrakou, T., Müller, J.-F., De Smedt, I., Van Roozendael, M., van der Werf, G. R., Wiedinmyer, C., Kaiser, J. W., Sindelarova, K., and Guenther, A.: Nine years of global hydrocarbon emissions based on source inversion of OMI formaldehyde observations, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 10133–10158, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-10133-2016, 2016. a, b, c
Bauwens, M., Stavrakou, T., Müller, J.-F., Van Schaeybroeck, B., De Cruz, L., De Troch, R., Giot, O., Hamdi, R., Termonia, P., Laffineur, Q., Amelynck, C., Schoon, N., Heinesch, B., Holst, T., Arneth, A., Ceulemans, R., Sanchez-Lorenzo, A., and Guenther, A.: Recent past (1979–2014) and future (2070–2099) isoprene fluxes over Europe simulated with the MEGAN–MOHYCAN model, Biogeosciences, 15, 3673–3690, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-3673-2018, 2018. a, b
Bauwens, M., Verreyken, B., Stavrakou, T., Müller, J.-F., and Smedt, I. D.: Spaceborne evidence for significant anthropogenic VOC trends in Asian cities over 2005–2019, Environ. Res. Lett., 17, 015008, https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ac46eb, 2022. a
Berndt, T.,Scholz, W., Mentler, B., Fischer, L., Herrmann, H., Kulmala, M., and Hansel, A.: Accretion Product Formation from Self- and Cross-Reactions of RO2 Radicals in the Atmosphere, Angew. Chemie, 57, 3820–3824, https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201710989, 2018. a
Biswas, S., Lasko, K. D., and Vadrevu, K. P.: Fire Disturbance in Tropical Forests of Myanmar—Analysis Using MODIS Satellite Datasets, IEEE J. Sel. Top. Appl., 8, 2273–2281, https://doi.org/10.1109/JSTARS.2015.2423681, 2015. a
Borrego, C., Gomes, P., Barros, N., and Miranda, A. I.: Importance of handling organic atmospheric pollutants for assessing air quality, J. Chromatogr. A, 889, 271–279, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(00)00230-2, 2000. a
Cao, H., Fu, T.-M., Zhang, L., Henze, D. K., Miller, C. C., Lerot, C., Abad, G. G., De Smedt, I., Zhang, Q., van Roozendael, M., Hendrick, F., Chance, K., Li, J., Zheng, J., and Zhao, Y.: Adjoint inversion of Chinese non-methane volatile organic compound emissions using space-based observations of formaldehyde and glyoxal, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 15017–15046, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-15017-2018, 2018. a
Cerqueira, M. A., Pio, C. A., Gomes, P. A., Matos, J. S., and Nunes, T. V.: Volatile organic compounds in rural atmospheres of central Portugal, Sci. Total Environ., 313, 49–60, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0048-9697(03)00250-X, 2003. a, b
Chaliyakunnel, S., Millet, D. B., Wells, K. C., Cady-Pereira, K. E., and Shephard, M. W.: A large underestimate of formic acid from tropical fires: Constraints from space-borne measurements, Environ. Sci. Technol., 50, 5631–5640, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.5b06385, 2016. a
Chaliyakunnel, S., Millet, D. B., and Chen, X.: Constraining Emissions of Volatile Organic Compounds Over the Indian Subcontinent Using Space-Based Formaldehyde Measurements, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 124, 10525–10545, https://doi.org/10.1029/2019JD031262, 2019. a
Chameides, W. L., Lindsay, R. W., Richardson, J., and Kiang, C. S.: The Role of Biogenic Hydrocarbons in Urban Photochemical Smog: Atlanta as a Case Study, Science, 241, 1473–1475, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.3420404, 1988. a
Chang, D., Wang, Z., Guo, J., Li, T., Liang, Y., Kang, L., Xia, M., Wang, Y., Yu, C., Yun, H., Yue, D., and Wang, T.: Characterization of organic aerosols and their precursors in southern China during a severe haze episode in January 2017, Sci. Total Environ., 691, 101–111, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.07.123, 2019. a
Chan Miller, C., Gonzalez Abad, G., Wang, H., Liu, X., Kurosu, T., Jacob, D. J., and Chance, K.: Glyoxal retrieval from the Ozone Monitoring Instrument, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 7, 3891–3907, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-7-3891-2014, 2014. a
Chan Miller, C., Jacob, D. J., González Abad, G., and Chance, K.: Hotspot of glyoxal over the Pearl River delta seen from the OMI satellite instrument: implications for emissions of aromatic hydrocarbons, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 4631–4639, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-4631-2016, 2016. a
Chen, Y., Liu, C., Su, W., Hu, Q., Zhang, C., Liu, H., and Yin, H.: Identification of volatile organic compound emissions from anthropogenic and biogenic sources based on satellite observation of formaldehyde and glyoxal, Sci. Total Environ., 859, 159997, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159997, 2023. a
Choi, E., Lee, H.-M., Kim, Y. P., Lee, J. Y., and Wu, Z.: Evaluation of the behavior of BTEX at Beijing and Seoul in winter and summer using observations and 3-D modeling, Atmos. Environ., 319, 120268, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2023.120268, 2024. a
Copernicus Sentinel-5P: TROPOMI Level 2 Formaldehyde Total Column products, Version 02, European Space Agency [data set], https://doi.org/10.5270/S5P-vg1i7t0, 2020. a
Curry, L. A., Tsui, W. G., and McNeill, V. F.: Technical note: Updated parameterization of the reactive uptake of glyoxal and methylglyoxal by atmospheric aerosols and cloud droplets, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 9823–9830, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-9823-2018, 2018. a, b
Dai, W. T., Ho, S. S. H., Ho, K. F., Liu, W. D., Cao, J. J., and Lee, S. C.: Seasonal and diurnal variations of mono- and di-carbonyls in Xi'an, China, Atmos. Res., 113, 102–112, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2012.05.001, 2012. a
Darmenov, A., and da Silva, A.: The quick fire emissions dataset (QFED) – Documentation of versions 2.1, 2.2 and 2.4. NASA//TM-2015-104606, Vol. 38, NASA Global Modeling and Assimilation Office, https://gmao.gsfc.nasa.gov/pubs/docs/Darmenov796.pdf (last access: 15 August 2024), 2015. a
De Smedt, I., Theys, N., Yu, H., Danckaert, T., Lerot, C., Compernolle, S., Van Roozendael, M., Richter, A., Hilboll, A., Peters, E., Pedergnana, M., Loyola, D., Beirle, S., Wagner, T., Eskes, H., van Geffen, J., Boersma, K. F., and Veefkind, P.: Algorithm theoretical baseline for formaldehyde retrievals from S5P TROPOMI and from the QA4ECV project, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 11, 2395–2426, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-11-2395-2018, 2018. a, b
De Smedt, I., Pinardi, G., Vigouroux, C., Compernolle, S., Bais, A., Benavent, N., Boersma, F., Chan, K.-L., Donner, S., Eichmann, K.-U., Hedelt, P., Hendrick, F., Irie, H., Kumar, V., Lambert, J.-C., Langerock, B., Lerot, C., Liu, C., Loyola, D., Piters, A., Richter, A., Rivera Cárdenas, C., Romahn, F., Ryan, R. G., Sinha, V., Theys, N., Vlietinck, J., Wagner, T., Wang, T., Yu, H., and Van Roozendael, M.: Comparative assessment of TROPOMI and OMI formaldehyde observations and validation against MAX-DOAS network column measurements, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 12561–12593, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-12561-2021, 2021. a, b, c
De Smedt, I., Romahn, F., and Eichmann, K.-U.: S5P MPC Product Readme Formaldehyde V02.05.00, https://sentinels.copernicus.eu/documents/247904/3541451/Sentinel-5P-Formaldehyde-Readme.pdf (last access: 15 August 2024), 2023. a
DiGangi, J. P., Henry, S. B., Kammrath, A., Boyle, E. S., Kaser, L., Schnitzhofer, R., Graus, M., Turnipseed, A., Park, J.-H., Weber, R. J., Hornbrook, R. S., Cantrell, C. A., Maudlin III, R. L., Kim, S., Nakashima, Y., Wolfe, G. M., Kajii, Y., Apel, E. C., Goldstein, A. H., Guenther, A., Karl, T., Hansel, A., and Keutsch, F. N.: Observations of glyoxal and formaldehyde as metrics for the anthropogenic impact on rural photochemistry, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 9529–9543, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-9529-2012, 2012. a
Ervens, B. and Volkamer, R.: Glyoxal processing by aerosol multiphase chemistry: towards a kinetic modeling framework of secondary organic aerosol formation in aqueous particles, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 8219–8244, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-8219-2010, 2010. a
Franco, B., Clarisse, L., Stavrakou, T., Müller, J.-F, Van Damme, M., Whitburn, S., Hadji-Lazaro, J., Hurtmans, D., Taraborrelli, D., Clerbaux, C., and Coheur, P.-F: A General Framework for Global Retrievals of Trace Gases From IASI: Application to Methanol, Formic Acid, and PAN, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 123, 13963–13984, https://doi.org/10.1029/2018JD029633, 2018. a
Franco, B., Clarisse, L., Stavrakou, T., Müller, J.-F., Pozzer, A., Hadji-Lazaro, J., Hurtmans, D., Clerbaux, C., and Coheur, P.-F.: Acetone Atmospheric Distribution Retrieved From Space, Geophys. Res. Lett., 46, 2884–2893, https://doi.org/10.1029/2019GL082052, 2019. a
Franco, B., Clarisse, L., Van Damme, M., Hadji-Lazaro, J., Clerbaux, C., and Coheur, P.-F.: Ethylene industrial emitters seen from space, Nat. Commun., 13, 6452, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-34098-8, 2022. a, b
Franco, B., Clarisse, L., Van Damme, M., Hadji-Lazaro, J., Clerbaux, C., and Coheur, P.: Satellite-based identification of large anthropogenic NMVOC emission sources, J. Geophys. Res., 129, e2024JD042047, https://doi.org/10.1029/2024JD042047, 2024. a
Fu, T., Jacob, D. J., Wittrock, F., Burrows, J. P., Vrekoussis, M., and Henze, D. K.: Global budgets of atmospheric glyoxal and methylglyoxal, and implications for formation of secondary organic aerosols, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 113, 2007JD009505, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007JD009505, 2008. a, b, c, d
Fu, D., Millet, D. B., Wells, K. C., Payne, V. H., Yu, S., Guenther, A., and Eldering, A.: Direct retrieval of isoprene from satellite-based infrared measurements, Nat. Commun., 10, 3811, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-11835-0, 2019. a
Fung, K. and Grosjean, D.: Determination of nanogram amounts of carbonyls as 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazones by high-performance liquid chromatography, Anal. Chem., 53, 168–171, https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00225a009, 1981. a
Gale, F. and Davis, E. Chinese Cotton: Textiles, Imports, and Xinjiang. USDA Economic Research Service Report, https://doi.org/10.22004/AG.ECON.329762, 2022. a
Ganguly, T., Selvaraj, K. L., and Guttikunda, S. K.: National Clean Air Programme (NCAP) for Indian cities: Review and outlook of clean air action plans, Atmos. Environ., 8, 100096, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aeaoa.2020.100096, 2020. a
Gkatzelis, G. I., Coggon, M. M., Stockwell, C. E., Hornbrook, R. S., Allen, H., Apel, E. C., Bela, M. M., Blake, D. R., Bourgeois, I., Brown, S. S., Campuzano-Jost, P., St. Clair, J. M., Crawford, J. H., Crounse, J. D., Day, D. A., DiGangi, J. P., Diskin, G. S., Fried, A., Gilman, J. B., Guo, H., Hair, J. W., Halliday, H. S., Hanisco, T. F., Hannun, R., Hills, A., Huey, L. G., Jimenez, J. L., Katich, J. M., Lamplugh, A., Lee, Y. R., Liao, J., Lindaas, J., McKeen, S. A., Mikoviny, T., Nault, B. A., Neuman, J. A., Nowak, J. B., Pagonis, D., Peischl, J., Perring, A. E., Piel, F., Rickly, P. S., Robinson, M. A., Rollins, A. W., Ryerson, T. B., Schueneman, M. K., Schwantes, R. H., Schwarz, J. P., Sekimoto, K., Selimovic, V., Shingler, T., Tanner, D. J., Tomsche, L., Vasquez, K. T., Veres, P. R., Washenfelder, R., Weibring, P., Wennberg, P. O., Wisthaler, A., Wolfe, G. M., Womack, C. C., Xu, L., Ball, K., Yokelson, R. J., and Warneke, C.: Parameterizations of US wildfire and prescribed fire emission ratios and emission factors based on FIREX-AQ aircraft measurements, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 929–956, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-929-2024, 2024. a
Glushkov, I., Zhuravleva, I., McCarty, J. L., Komarova, A., Drozdovsky, A., Drozdovskaya, M., Lupachik, V., Yaroshenko, A., Stehman, S. V., and Prishchepov, A. V.: Spring fires in Russia: results from participatory burned area mapping with Sentinel-2 imagery, Environ. Res. Lett., 16, 125005, https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ac3287, 2021. a
Granier, C., Bessagnet, B., Bond, T., D'Angiola, A., Denier Van Der Gon, H., Frost, G. J., Heil, A., Kaiser, J. W., Kinne, S., Klimont, Z., Kloster, S., Lamarque, J.-F., Liousse, C., Masui, T., Meleux, F., Mieville, A., Ohara, T., Raut, J.-C., Riahi, K., Schultz, M. G., Smith, S. J., Thompson, A., Van Aardenne, J., Van Der Werf, G. R., and Van Vuuren, D. P.: Evolution of anthropogenic and biomass burning emissions of air pollutants at global and regional scales during the 1980–2010 period, Climatic Change, 109, 163–190, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-011-0154-1, 2011. a
Granier, C., Darras, S., van der Gon, H. D., Doubalova, J., Elguindi, N., Galle, B., Gauss, M., Guevara, M., Jalkanen, J.-P. Kuenen, J., Liousse, C., Quack, B., Simpson, D., and Sindelarova, K.: The Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service global and regional emissions (April 2019 version), Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service (CAMS) report, https://doi.org/10.24380/d0bn-kx16, 2019. a
Grosjean, D., Miguel, A. H., and Tavares, T. M.: Urban air pollution in Brazil: Acetaldehyde and other carbonyls, Atmos. Environ., 24, 101–106, https://doi.org/10.1016/0957-1272(90)90015-M, 1990. a, b
Grosjean, E., Grosjean, D., Fraser, M. P., and Cass, G. R.: Air Quality Model Evaluation Data for Organics. 2. C1 −C14 Carbonyls in Los Angeles Air, Environ. Sci. Technol., 30, 2687–2703, https://doi.org/10.1021/es950758w, 1996. a, b
Grosjean, D., Grosjean, E., and Moreira, L. F. R.: Speciated Ambient Carbonyls in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, Environ. Sci. Technol., 36, 1389–1395, https://doi.org/10.1021/es0111232, 2002. a
Guenther, A., Karl, T., Harley, P., Wiedinmyer, C., Palmer, P. I., and Geron, C.: Estimates of global terrestrial isoprene emissions using MEGAN (Model of Emissions of Gases and Aerosols from Nature), Atmos. Chem. Phys., 6, 3181–3210, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-6-3181-2006, 2006. a
Guenther, A. B., Jiang, X., Heald, C. L., Sakulyanontvittaya, T., Duhl, T., Emmons, L. K., and Wang, X.: The Model of Emissions of Gases and Aerosols from Nature version 2.1 (MEGAN2.1): an extended and updated framework for modeling biogenic emissions, Geosci. Model Dev., 5, 1471–1492, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-5-1471-2012, 2012. a, b
Hersbach, H., Bell, B., Berrisford, P., Hirahara, S., Horányi, A., Muñoz-Sabater, J., Nicolas, J., Peubey, C., Radu, R., Schepers, D., Simmons, A., Soci, C., Abdalla, S., Abellan, X., Balsamo, G., Bechtold, P., Biatavi, G., Bidlot, J., Bonavita, M., De Chiara, G., Dahlgren, P., Dee, D., Diamantakis, M., Dragani, R., Flemming, J., Forbes, R., Fuentes, M., Geer, A., Haimberger, L., Healy, S., Hogan, R. J., Hólm, E., Janisková, M., Keeley, S., Laloyaux, P., Lopez, P., Lupu, C., Radnoti, G., de Rosnay, P., Rozum, I., Vamborg, F., Villaume, S., and Thépaut, J.-N.: The ERA5 global reanalysis, Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 146, 1999–2049, https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.3803, 2020. a
Ho, S. S. H. and Yu, J. Z.: Feasibility of Collection and Analysis of Airborne Carbonyls by On-Sorbent Derivatization and Thermal Desorption, Anal. Chem., 74, 1232–1240, https://doi.org/10.1021/ac015708q, 2002. a
Ho, S. S. H., Ip, H. S. S., Ho, K. F., Ng, L. P. T., Chan, C. S., Dai, W. T., and Cao, J. J.: Hazardous airborne carbonyls emissions in industrial workplaces in China, J. Air Waste Manag. Assoc., 63, 864–877, https://doi.org/10.1080/10962247.2013.797519, 2013. a
Huisman, A. J., Hottle, J. R., Galloway, M. M., DiGangi, J. P., Coens, K. L., Choi, W., Faloona, I. C., Gilman, J. B., Kuster, W. C., de Gouw, J., Bouvier-Brown, N. C., Goldstein, A. H., LaFranchi, B. W., Cohen, R. C., Wolfe, G. M., Thornton, J. A., Docherty, K. S., Farmer, D. K., Cubison, M. J., Jimenez, J. L., Mao, J., Brune, W. H., and Keutsch, F. N.: Photochemical modeling of glyoxal at a rural site: observations and analysis from BEARPEX 2007, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 8883–8897, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-8883-2011, 2011. a
Ieda, T., Kitamor, Y., Mochida, M., Hirata, R., Hirano, T., Inukai, K., Fujinuma, Y., and Kawamura, K.: Diurnal variations and vertical gradients of biogenic volatile and semi-volatile organic compounds at the Tomakomai larch forest station in Japan, Tellus B, 58, 177, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0889.2006.00179.x, 2006. a
Jing, L., Steinberg, S. M., and Johnson, B. J.: Aldehyde and Monocyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Mixing Ratios at an Urban Site in Las Vegas, Nevada, J Air Waste Manag. Assoc., 51, 1359–1366, https://doi.org/10.1080/10473289.2001.10464352, 2001. a
Kaiser, J., Wolfe, G. M., Min, K. E., Brown, S. S., Miller, C. C., Jacob, D. J., deGouw, J. A., Graus, M., Hanisco, T. F., Holloway, J., Peischl, J., Pollack, I. B., Ryerson, T. B., Warneke, C., Washenfelder, R. A., and Keutsch, F. N.: Reassessing the ratio of glyoxal to formaldehyde as an indicator of hydrocarbon precursor speciation, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 7571–7583, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-7571-2015, 2015. a
Kleipool, Q. L., Dobber, M. R., de Haan, J. F., and Levelt, P. F.: Earth surface reflectance climatology from 3 years of OMI data, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 113, D18308, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008JD010290, 2008. a
Kluge, F., Hüneke, T., Lerot, C., Rosanka, S., Rotermund, M. K., Taraborrelli, D., Weyland, B., and Pfeilsticker, K.: Airborne glyoxal measurements in the marine and continental atmosphere: comparison with TROPOMI observations and EMAC simulations, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 1369–1401, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-1369-2023, 2023. a, b, c
Kumar, P., Khare, M., Harrison, R. M., Bloss, W. J., Lewis, A. C., Coe, H., and Morawska, L.: New directions: Air pollution challenges for developing megacities like Delhi, Atmos. Environ., 122, 657–661, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2015.10.032, 2015. a
Lambert, J.-C., Keppens, A., Compernolle, S., Eichmann, K.-U., de Graaf, M., Hubert, D., Langerock, B., Ludewig, A., Sha, M. K., Verhoelst, T., Wagner, T., Ahn, C., Argyrouli, A., Balis, D., Chan, K. L., Coldewey-Egbers, M., De Smedt, I., Eskes, H., Fjæraa, A. M., Garane, K., Gleason, J. F., Goutail, F., Granville, J., Hedelt, P., Ahn, C., Heue, K.-P., Jaross, G., Kleipool, Q., Koukouli, ML., Lutz, R., Martinez Velarte, M. C., Michailidis, K., Nanda, S., Niemeijer, S., Pazmiño, A., Pinardi, G., Richter, A., Rozemeijer, N., Sneep, M., Stein Zweers, D., Theys, N., Tilstra, G., Torres, O., Valks, P., van Geffen, J., Vigouroux, C., Wang, P., and Weber, M.: Quarterly Validation Report of the Copernicus Sentinel-5 Precursor Operational Data Products #21: April 2018 – November 2023, S5P MPC Routine Operations Consolidated Validation Report series, S5P MPC Routine Operations Consolidated Validation Report series, Issue #21, Version 21.01.00, 194 pp., 18 December 2023, 2023. a
Lan, Q., Zhang, L., Li, G., Vermeulen, R., Weinberg, R. S., Dosemeci, M., Rappaport, S. M., Shen, M., Alter, B. P., Wu, Y., Kopp, W., Waidyanatha, S., Rabkin, C., Guo, W., Chanock, S., Hayes, R. B., Linet, M., Kim, S., Yin, S., Rothman, N., and Smith, M. T.: Hematotoxicity in Workers Exposed to Low Levels of Benzene, Science, 306, 1774–1776, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1102443, 2004. a
Lan, R., Eastham, S. D., Liu, T., Norford, L. K., and Barrett, S. R. H.: Air quality impacts of crop residue burning in India and mitigation alternatives, Nat. Commun., 13, 6537, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-34093-z, 2022. a
Lan, X., Tans, P., and Thoning, K. W.: Trends in globally-averaged CO2 determined from NOAA Global Monitoring Laboratory measurements, Version 2023-11, NOAA GML, https://doi.org/10.15138/9N0H-ZH07, 2023. a
Lawson, S. J., Selleck, P. W., Galbally, I. E., Keywood, M. D., Harvey, M. J., Lerot, C., Helmig, D., and Ristovski, Z.: Seasonal in situ observations of glyoxal and methylglyoxal over the temperate oceans of the Southern Hemisphere, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 223–240, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-223-2015, 2015. a
Lee, Y., Zhou, X., and Hallock, K.: Atmospheric carbonyl compounds at a rural southeastern United States site, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 100, 25933–25944, https://doi.org/10.1029/95JD02605, 1995. a
Lerot, C. and Danckaert, T.: TROPOMI glyoxal tropospheric columns (Version V4), Royal Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy [data set], https://doi.org/10.18758/71021069, 2021. a
Lerot, C., Stavrakou, T., De Smedt, I., Müller, J.-F., and Van Roozendael, M.: Glyoxal vertical columns from GOME-2 backscattered light measurements and comparisons with a global model, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 12059–12072, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-12059-2010, 2010. a
Lerot, C., Hendrick, F., Van Roozendael, M., Alvarado, L. M. A., Richter, A., De Smedt, I., Theys, N., Vlietinck, J., Yu, H., Van Gent, J., Stavrakou, T., Müller, J.-F., Valks, P., Loyola, D., Irie, H., Kumar, V., Wagner, T., Schreier, S. F., Sinha, V., Wang, T., Wang, P., and Retscher, C.: Glyoxal tropospheric column retrievals from TROPOMI – multi-satellite intercomparison and ground-based validation, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 14, 7775–7807, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-7775-2021, 2021. a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, i
Lerot, C., Müller, J.-F., Theys, N., De Smedt, I., Stavrakou, T., and Van Roozendael, M.: Satellite Evidence for Glyoxal Depletion in Elevated Fire Plumes, Geophys. Res. Lett., 50, e2022GL102195, https://doi.org/10.1029/2022GL102195, 2023. a
Li, J., Mao, J., Min, K.-E., Washenfelder, R. A., Brown, S. S., Kaiser, J., Keutsch, F. N., Volkamer, R., Wolfe, G. M., Hanisco, T. F., Pollack, I. B., Ryerson, T. B., Graus, M., Gilman, J. B., Lerner, B. M., Warneke, C., de Gouw, J. A., Middlebrook, A. M., Liao, J., Welti, A., Henderson, B. H., McNeill, V. F., Hall, S. R., Ullmann, K., Donner, L. J., Paulot, F., and Horowitz, L. W.: Observational constraints on glyoxal production from isoprene oxidation and its contribution to organic aerosol over the Southeast United States, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 121, 9849–9861, https://doi.org/10.1002/2016JD025331, 2016. a
Li, J., Zhang, M., Tang, G., Wu, F., Alvarado, L. M. A., Vrekoussis, M., Richter, A., and Burrows, J. P.: Investigating missing sources of glyoxal over China using a regional air quality model (RAMS-CMAQ), J. Environ. Sci., 71, 108–118, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jes.2018.04.021, 2018. a
Li, J., Hao, Y., Simayi, M., Shi, Y., Xi, Z., and Xie, S.: Verification of anthropogenic VOC emission inventory through ambient measurements and satellite retrievals, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 5905–5921, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-5905-2019, 2019. a, b, c
Liggio, J., Li, S.-M., and McLaren, R.: Reactive uptake of glyoxal by particulate matter, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 110, 1–13, https://doi.org/10.1029/2004JD005113, 2005. a
Liu, J., Li, X., Li, D., Xu, R., Gao, Y., Chen, S., Liu, Y., Zhao, G., Wang, H., Wang, H., Lou, S., Chen, M., Hu, J., Lu, K., Wu, Z., Hu, M., Zeng, L., and Zhang, Y.: Observations of glyoxal and methylglyoxal in a suburban area of the Yangtze River Delta, China, Atmos. Environ., 238, 117727, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2020.117727, 2020a. a, b, c
Liu, M., Song, Y., Yao, H., Kang, Y., Li, M., Huang, X., and Hu, M.: Estimating emissions from agricultural fires in the North China Plain based on MODIS fire radiative power, Atmos. Environ., 112, 326–334, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2015.04.058, 2015. a
Liu, T., Mickley, L. J., Singh, S., Jain, M., DeFries R. S., and Marlier, M. E.: Crop residue burning practices across north India inferred from household survey data: Bridging gaps in satellite observations, Atmos. Environ., 8, 100091, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aeaoa.2020.100091, 2020b. a
Liu, W., Zhang, J., Kwon, J., Weisel, C., Turpin, B., Zhang, L., Korn, L., Morandi, M., Stock, T., and Colome, S.: Concentrations and Source Characteristics of Airborne Carbonyl Compounds Measured Outside Urban Residences, J. Air Waste Manag. Assoc., 56, 1196–1204, https://doi.org/10.1080/10473289.2006.10464539, 2006. a
Lv, Q., Yang, Z., Chen, Z., Li, M., Gao, B., Yang, J., Chen, X., and Xu, B.: Crop residue burning in China (2019–2021): Spatiotemporal patterns, environmental impact, and emission dynamics, Environ. Sci. Ecotech., 21, 100394, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ese.2024.100394, 2024. a
MacDonald, S. M., Oetjen, H., Mahajan, A. S., Whalley, L. K., Edwards, P. M., Heard, D. E., Jones, C. E., and Plane, J. M. C.: DOAS measurements of formaldehyde and glyoxal above a south-east Asian tropical rainforest, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 5949–5962, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-5949-2012, 2012. a
Madronich, S. and Flocke, S.: The Role of Solar Radiation in Atmospheric Chemistry, in: Environmental Photochemistry. The Handbook of Environmental Chemistrym edited by: Boule, P., Vol. 2/2L, Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-69044-3_1, 1999. a
Matsunaga, S., Mochida, M., and Kawamura, K.: Variation on the atmospheric concentrations of biogenic carbonyl compounds and their removal processes in the northern forest at Moshiri, Hokkaido Island in Japan, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 109, 2003JD004100, https://doi.org/10.1029/2003JD004100, 2004. a
McCarty, J. L., Krylov, A., Prishchepov, A. V., Banach, D. M., Tyukavina, A., Potapov, P., and Turubanova, S.: Agricultural Fires in European Russia, Belarus, and Lithuania and Their Impact on Air Quality, 2002–2012, in: Land-Cover and Land-Use Changes in Eastern Europe after the Collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991, edited by: Gutman, G. and Radeloff, V., Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-42638-9_9, 2017. a
Medeiros, D. J., Blitz, M. A., Seakins, P. W., and Whalley, L. K.: Direct measurements of isoprene autoxidation: Pinpointing atmospheric oxidation in tropical forests, JACS Au, 2, 809–818, https://doi.org/10.1021/jacsau.1c00525, 2022. a
Meller, R. and Moortgat, G. K.: Temperature dependence of the absorption cross-sections of formaldehyde between 223 and 323 K in the wavelength range 225–375 nm, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 105, 7089–7101, https://doi.org/10.1029/1999JD901074, 2000. a
Millet, D. B., Baasandorj, M., Farmer, D. K., Thornton, J. A., Baumann, K., Brophy, P., Chaliyakunnel, S., de Gouw, J. A., Graus, M., Hu, L., Koss, A., Lee, B. H., Lopez-Hilfiker, F. D., Neuman, J. A., Paulot, F., Peischl, J., Pollack, I. B., Ryerson, T. B., Warneke, C., Williams, B. J., and Xu, J.: A large and ubiquitous source of atmospheric formic acid, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 6283–6304, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-6283-2015, 2015. a
Min, K.-E., Washenfelder, R. A., Dubé, W. P., Langford, A. O., Edwards, P. M., Zarzana, K. J., Stutz, J., Lu, K., Rohrer, F., Zhang, Y., and Brown, S. S.: A broadband cavity enhanced absorption spectrometer for aircraft measurements of glyoxal, methylglyoxal, nitrous acid, nitrogen dioxide, and water vapor, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 9, 423–440, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-9-423-2016, 2016. a
Monks, P. S., Archibald, A. T., Colette, A., Cooper, O., Coyle, M., Derwent, R., Fowler, D., Granier, C., Law, K. S., Mills, G. E., Stevenson, D. S., Tarasova, O., Thouret, V., von Schneidemesser, E., Sommariva, R., Wild, O., and Williams, M. L.: Tropospheric ozone and its precursors from the urban to the global scale from air quality to short-lived climate forcer, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 8889–8973, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-8889-2015, 2015. a
Moortgat, G. K., Grossmann, D., Boddenberg, A., Dallmann, G., Ligon, A. P., Turner, W. V., Gäb, S., Slemr, F., Wieprecht, W., Acker, K., Kibler, M., Schlomski, S., and Bächmann, K.: Hydrogen Peroxide, Organic Peroxides and Higher Carbonyl Compounds Determined during the BERLIOZ Campaign, J. Atmos. Chem., 42, 443–463, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1015743013107, 2002. a
Mukim, M.: Coagglomeration of formal and informal industry: evidence from India, J. Econ. Geogr., 15, 329–351, https://doi.org/10.1093/jeg/lbu020, 2015. a
Müller, J.-F., and Brasseur, G.: IMAGES: A three-dimensional chemical transport model of the global troposphere, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 100, 16,445–16,490, https://doi.org/10.1029/94JD03254, 1995. a
Müller, J.-F. and Stavrakou, T.: Inversion of CO and NOx emissions using the adjoint of the IMAGES model, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 5, 1157–1186, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-5-1157-2005, 2005. a
Müller, J.-F., Stavrakou, T., Wallens, S., De Smedt, I., Van Roozendael, M., Potosnak, M. J., Rinne, J., Munger, B., Goldstein, A., and Guenther, A. B.: Global isoprene emissions estimated using MEGAN, ECMWF analyses and a detailed canopy environment model, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 8, 1329–1341, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-8-1329-2008, 2008. a
Müller, J.-F., Stavrakou, T., and Peeters, J.: Chemistry and deposition in the Model of Atmospheric composition at Global and Regional scales using Inversion Techniques for Trace gas Emissions (MAGRITTE v1.1) – Part 1: Chemical mechanism, Geosci. Model Dev., 12, 2307–2356, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-12-2307-2019, 2019. a, b, c, d
Müller, J.-F., Stavrakou, T., Oomen, G.-M., Opacka, B., De Smedt, I., Guenther, A., Vigouroux, C., Langerock, B., Aquino, C. A. B., Grutter, M., Hannigan, J., Hase, F., Kivi, R., Lutsch, E., Mahieu, E., Makarova, M., Metzger, J.-M., Morino, I., Murata, I., Nagahama, T., Notholt, J., Ortega, I., Palm, M., Röhling, A., Stremme, W., Strong, K., Sussmann, R., Té, Y., and Fried, A.: Bias correction of OMI HCHO columns based on FTIR and aircraft measurements and impact on top-down emission estimates, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 2207–2237, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-2207-2024, 2024. a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, i, j, k
Müller, K., van Pinxteren, D., Plewka, A., Svrcina, B., Kramberger, H., Hofmann, D., Bächmann, K., and Herrmann, H.: Aerosol characterisation at the FEBUKO upwind station Goldlauter (II): Detailed organic chemical characterisation, Atmos. Environ., 39, 4219–4231, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2005.02.008, 2005. a
Munger, J. W., Jacob, D. J., Daube, B. C., Horowitz, L. W., Keene, W. C., and Heikes, B. G.: Formaldehyde, glyoxal, and methylglyoxal in air and cloudwater at a rural mountain site in central Virginia, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 100, 9325–9333, https://doi.org/10.1029/95JD00508, 1995. a
Myriokefalitakis, S., Vrekoussis, M., Tsigaridis, K., Wittrock, F., Richter, A., Brühl, C., Volkamer, R., Burrows, J. P., and Kanakidou, M.: The influence of natural and anthropogenic secondary sources on the glyoxal global distribution, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 8, 4965–4981, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-8-4965-2008, 2008. a
Nault, B. A., Jo, D. S., McDonald, B. C., Campuzano-Jost, P., Day, D. A., Hu, W., Schroder, J. C., Allan, J., Blake, D. R., Canagaratna, M. R., Coe, H., Coggon, M. M., DeCarlo, P. F., Diskin, G. S., Dunmore, R., Flocke, F., Fried, A., Gilman, J. B., Gkatzelis, G., Hamilton, J. F., Hanisco, T. F., Hayes, P. L., Henze, D. K., Hodzic, A., Hopkins, J., Hu, M., Huey, L. G., Jobson, B. T., Kuster, W. C., Lewis, A., Li, M., Liao, J., Nawaz, M. O., Pollack, I. B., Peischl, J., Rappenglück, B., Reeves, C. E., Richter, D., Roberts, J. M., Ryerson, T. B., Shao, M., Sommers, J. M., Walega, J., Warneke, C., Weibring, P., Wolfe, G. M., Young, D. E., Yuan, B., Zhang, Q., de Gouw, J. A., and Jimenez, J. L.: Secondary organic aerosols from anthropogenic volatile organic compounds contribute substantially to air pollution mortality, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 11201–11224, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-11201-2021, 2021. a
Ning, X.-A., Wang, J.-Y., Li, R.-J., Wen, W.-B., Chen, C.-M., Wang, Y.-J., Yang, Z.-Y., and Liu, J.-Y.: Fate of volatile aromatic hydrocarbons in the wastewater from six textile dyeing wastewater treatment plants, Chemosphere, 136, 50–55, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.03.086, 2015. a
Oomen, G.-M., Müller, J.-F., Stavrakou, T., De Smedt, I., Blumenstock, T., Kivi, R., Makarova, M., Palm, M., Röhling, A., Té, Y., Vigouroux, C., Friedrich, M. M., Frieß, U., Hendrick, F., Merlaud, A., Piters, A., Richter, A., Van Roozendael, M., and Wagner, T.: Weekly derived top-down volatile-organic-compound fluxes over Europe from TROPOMI HCHO data from 2018 to 2021, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 449–474, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-449-2024, 2024. a, b, c, d
Opacka, B., Müller, J.-F., Stavrakou, T., Miralles, D. G., Koppa, A., Pagán, B. R., Potosnak, M. J., Seco, R., De Smedt, I., and Guenther, A. B.: Impact of Drought on Isoprene Fluxes Assessed Using Field Data, Satellite-Based GLEAM Soil Moisture and HCHO Observations from OMI, Remote Sens., 14, 2021, https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14092021, 2022. a
Opacka, B., Stavrakou, T., Müller, J.-F., De Smedt, I., van Geffen, J., Marais, E. A., Horner, R. P., Millet, D. B., Wells, K. C., and Guenther, A. B.: Natural emissions of VOC and NOx over Africa constrained by TROPOMI HCHO and NO2 data using the MAGRITTEv1.1 model, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 2863–2894, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-2863-2025, 2025. a
Osipov, S., Chowdhury, S., Crowley, J. N., Tadic, I., Drewnick, F., Borrmann, S., Eger, P., Fachinger, F., Fischer, H., Predybaylo, E., Fnais, M., Harder, H., Pikridas, M., Vouterakos, P., Pozzer, A., Sciare, J., Ukhov, A., Stenchikov, G. L., Williams, J., and Lelieveld, J.: Severe atmospheric pollution in the Middle East is attributable to anthropogenic sources, Commun. Earth Environ., 3, 203, https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-022-00514-6, 2022. a
Palmer, P. I., Jacob, D. J., Fiore, A. M., Martin, R. V., Chance, K., and Kurosu, T. P.: Mapping isoprene emissions over North America using formaldehyde column observations from space, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 108, 4180, https://doi.org/10.1029/2002JD002153, 2003. a
Partha, D. B., Cassidy-Bushrow, A. E., and Huang, Y.: Global preterm births attributable to BTEX (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene) exposure, Sci. Total Environ., 838, 156390, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156390, 2022. a, b
Ponomarev, E. I., Zabrodin, A. N., Shvetsov, E. G., and Ponomareva, T. V.: Wildfire Intensity and Fire Emissions in Siberia, Fire, 6, 246, https://doi.org/10.3390/fire6070246, 2023. a
Possanzini, M., Tagliacozzo, G., and Cecinato, A.: Ambient Levels and Sources of Lower Carbonyls at Montelibretti, Rome (Italy), Water Air Soil Pollut., 183, 447–454, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-007-9393-1, 2007. a, b
Possell, M. and Hewitt, C. N.: Isoprene emissions from plants are mediated by atmospheric CO2 concentrations, Glob. Change Biol., 17, 1595–1610, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2010.02306.x, 2011. a
Pu, D., Zhu, L., Shen, H., De Smedt, I., Ye, J., Li, J., Shu, L., Wang, D., Li, X., Zuo, X., Yang, X., and Fu, T.-M.: Integrated satellite observations unravel the relationship between urbanization and anthropogenic non-methane volatile organic compound emissions globally, npj Clim. Atmos. Sci., 7, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41612-024-00683-5, 2024. a
Qian, X., Shen, H., and Chen, Z.: Characterizing summer and winter carbonyl compounds in Beijing atmosphere, Atmos. Environ., 214, 116845, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2019.116845, 2019. a, b
Qiu, X., Wang, S., Ying, Q., Duan, L., Xing, J., Cao, J., Wu, D., Li, X., Chengzhi, X., Yan, X., Liu, C., and Hao, J.: Importance of Wintertime Anthropogenic Glyoxal and Methylglyoxal Emissions in Beijing and Implications for Secondary Organic Aerosol Formation in Megacities, Environ. Sci. Technol., 54, 11809–11817, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.0c02822, 2020. a
Rao, Z., Chen, Z., Liang, H., Huang, L., and Huang, D.: Carbonyl compounds over urban Beijing: Concentrations on haze and non-haze days and effects on radical chemistry, Atmos. Environ., 124, 207–216, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2015.06.050, 2016. a
Razavi, A., Karagulian, F., Clarisse, L., Hurtmans, D., Coheur, P. F., Clerbaux, C., Müller, J. F., and Stavrakou, T.: Global distributions of methanol and formic acid retrieved for the first time from the IASI/MetOp thermal infrared sounder, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 857–872, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-857-2011, 2011. a, b
Romanias, M. N., Coggon, M. M., Fatima, A. A., Burkholder, J. B., Dagaut, P., Decker, Z., Warneke, C., Stockwell, C. E., Roberts, J. M., Tomas, A., Houzel, N., Coeur, C., and Brown, S. S.: Emissions and Atmospheric Chemistry of Furanoids from Biomass Burning: Insights from Laboratory to Atmospheric Observations, ACS Earth Space Chem., 8, 857–899, https://doi.org/10.1021/acsearthspacechem.3c00226, 2024. a, b, c
Sfendla, Y., Stavrakou, T., Müller, J.-F., and Opacka, B.: 2021 Global top-down VOC emissions based on TROPOMI formaldehyde and glyoxal data (Version 1), Royal Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy [data set], https://doi.org/10.18758/52E4U9EN, 2025. a
Shen, H., Chen, Z., Li, H., Qian, X., Qin, X., and Shi, W.: Gas-Particle Partitioning of Carbonyl Compounds in the Ambient Atmosphere, Environ. Sci. Technol., 52, 10997–11006, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.8b01882, 2018. a
Simayi, M., Shi, Y., Xi, Z., Ren, J., Hini, G., and Xie, S.: Emission trends of industrial VOCs in China since the clean air action and future reduction perspectives, Sci. Total Environ., 826, 153994, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153994, 2022. a
Sinreich, R., Volkamer, R., Filsinger, F., Frieß, U., Kern, C., Platt, U., Sebastián, O., and Wagner, T.: MAX-DOAS detection of glyoxal during ICARTT 2004, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 1293–1303, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-7-1293-2007, 2007. a, b
Spaulding, R. S., Schade, G. W., Goldstein, A. H., and Charles, M. J.: Characterization of secondary atmospheric photooxidation products: Evidence for biogenic and anthropogenic sources, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 108, 2002JD002478, https://doi.org/10.1029/2002JD002478, 2003. a
Spracklen, D. V., Jimenez, J. L., Carslaw, K. S., Worsnop, D. R., Evans, M. J., Mann, G. W., Zhang, Q., Canagaratna, M. R., Allan, J., Coe, H., McFiggans, G., Rap, A., and Forster, P.: Aerosol mass spectrometer constraint on the global secondary organic aerosol budget, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 12109–12136, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-12109-2011, 2011. a
Spurr, R. J. D.: LIDORT and VLIDORT: Linearized pseudo-spherical scalar and vector discrete ordinate radiative transfer models for use in remote sensing retrieval problems, in: Light Scattering Reviews, edited by: Kokhanovsky, A., Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 229–271, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-48546-9, 2008. a
Stavrakou, T., Müller, J.-F., De Smedt, I., Van Roozendael, M., van der Werf, G. R., Giglio, L., and Guenther, A.: Evaluating the performance of pyrogenic and biogenic emission inventories against one decade of space-based formaldehyde columns, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 1037–1060, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-1037-2009, 2009a. a, b, c
Stavrakou, T., Müller, J.-F., De Smedt, I., Van Roozendael, M., van der Werf, G. R., Giglio, L., and Guenther, A.: Global emissions of non-methane hydrocarbons deduced from SCIAMACHY formaldehyde columns through 2003–2006, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 3663–3679, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-3663-2009, 2009b. a
Stavrakou, T., Müller, J.-F., De Smedt, I., Van Roozendael, M., Kanakidou, M., Vrekoussis, M., Wittrock, F., Richter, A., and Burrows, J. P.: The continental source of glyoxal estimated by the synergistic use of spaceborne measurements and inverse modelling, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 8431–8446, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-8431-2009, 2009c. a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, i, j, k, l, m, n, o
Stavrakou, T., Guenther, A., Razavi, A., Clarisse, L., Clerbaux, C., Coheur, P.-F., Hurtmans, D., Karagulian, F., De Mazière, M., Vigouroux, C., Amelynck, C., Schoon, N., Laffineur, Q., Heinesch, B., Aubinet, M., Rinsland, C., and Müller, J.-F.: First space-based derivation of the global atmospheric methanol emission fluxes, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 4873–4898, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-4873-2011, 2011. a
Stavrakou, T., Müller, J-F., Peeters, J., Razavi, A., Clarisse, L., Clerbaux, C., Coheur, P-F., Hurtmans, D., De Mazière, M., Vigouroux, C., Deutscher, N. M., Griffith, D. W. T., Jones, N., and Paton-Walsh, C.: Satellite evidence for a large source of formic acid from boreal and tropical forests, Nat. Geosci., 5, 26–30, https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo1354, 2012. a
Stavrakou, T., Müller, J.-F., Bauwens, M., De Smedt, I., Lerot, C., Van Roozendael, M., Coheur, P.-F., Clerbaux, C., Boersma, K. F., van der A, R., and Song, Y.: Substantial Underestimation of Post-Harvest Burning Emissions in the North China Plain Revealed by Multi-Species Space Observations, Sci. Rep., 6, 32307, https://doi.org/10.1038/srep32307, 2016. a
Stavrakou, T., Müller, J.-F., Bauwens, M., De Smedt, I., Van Roozendael, M., and Guenther, A.: Impact of climate variability on volatile organic compounds emissions assessed using OMI formaldehyde observations, Geophys. Res. Lett., 45, 8681–8689, https://doi.org/10.1029/2018GL078676, 2018. a, b, c
Stewart, G. J., Nelson, B. S., Drysdale, W. S., Acton, W. J. F., Vaughan, A. R., Hopkins, J. R., Dunmore, R. E., Hewitt, C. N., Nemitz, E., Mullinger, N., Langford, B., Shivani, Reyes-Villegas, E., Gadi, R., Rickard, A. R., Lee, J. D., and Hamilton, J. F.: Sources of non-methane hydrocarbons in surface air in Delhi, India, Faraday Discuss., 226, 409–431, https://doi.org/10.1039/D0FD00087F, 2021. a, b
Thayer, M., Keutsch, F. N., and Dorris, M. R. Field campaign data: Ambient HCHO and CHOCHO, https://www.arm.gov/research/campaigns/amf2014goamazon (last access: August 2025), 2015. a
Thomas, W., Hegels, E., Slijkhuis, S., Spurr, R., and Chance, K.: Detection of biomass burning combustion products in Southeast Asia from backscatter data taken by the GOME Spectrometer, Geophys. Res. Lett., 25, 1317–1320, https://doi.org/10.1029/98GL01087, 1998. a
Veefkind, J. P., Aben, I., McMullan, K., Förster, H., de Vries, J., Otter, G., Claas, J., Eskes, H. J., de Haan, J. F., Kleipool, Q., van Weele, M., Hasekamp, O., Hoogeveen, R., Landgraf, J., Snel, R., Tol, P., Ingmann, P., Voors, R., Kruizinga, B., Vink, R., Visser, H., and Levelt, P. F.: TROPOMI on the ESA Sentinel-5 Precursor: A GMES mission for global observations of the atmospheric composition for climate, air quality and ozone layer applications, Remote Sens. Environ., 120, 70–83, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2011.09.027, 2012. a
Venkataraman, C., Brauer, M., Tibrewal, K., Sadavarte, P., Ma, Q., Cohen, A., Chaliyakunnel, S., Frostad, J., Klimont, Z., Martin, R. V., Millet, D. B., Philip, S., Walker, K., and Wang, S.: Source influence on emission pathways and ambient PM2.5 pollution over India (2015–2050), Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 8017–8039, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-8017-2018, 2018. a
Verhoelst, T., Compernolle, S., Pinardi, G., Lambert, J.-C., Eskes, H. J., Eichmann, K.-U., Fjæraa, A. M., Granville, J., Niemeijer, S., Cede, A., Tiefengraber, M., Hendrick, F., Pazmiño, A., Bais, A., Bazureau, A., Boersma, K. F., Bognar, K., Dehn, A., Donner, S., Elokhov, A., Gebetsberger, M., Goutail, F., Grutter de la Mora, M., Gruzdev, A., Gratsea, M., Hansen, G. H., Irie, H., Jepsen, N., Kanaya, Y., Karagkiozidis, D., Kivi, R., Kreher, K., Levelt, P. F., Liu, C., Müller, M., Navarro Comas, M., Piters, A. J. M., Pommereau, J.-P., Portafaix, T., Prados-Roman, C., Puentedura, O., Querel, R., Remmers, J., Richter, A., Rimmer, J., Rivera Cárdenas, C., Saavedra de Miguel, L., Sinyakov, V. P., Stremme, W., Strong, K., Van Roozendael, M., Veefkind, J. P., Wagner, T., Wittrock, F., Yela González, M., and Zehner, C.: Ground-based validation of the Copernicus Sentinel-5P TROPOMI NO2 measurements with the NDACC ZSL-DOAS, MAX-DOAS and Pandonia global networks, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 14, 481–510, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-481-2021, 2021. a
Vigouroux, C., Bauer Aquino, C. A., Bauwens, M., Becker, C., Blumenstock, T., De Mazière, M., García, O., Grutter, M., Guarin, C., Hannigan, J., Hase, F., Jones, N., Kivi, R., Koshelev, D., Langerock, B., Lutsch, E., Makarova, M., Metzger, J.-M., Müller, J.-F., Notholt, J., Ortega, I., Palm, M., Paton-Walsh, C., Poberovskii, A., Rettinger, M., Robinson, J., Smale, D., Stavrakou, T., Stremme, W., Strong, K., Sussmann, R., Té, Y., and Toon, G.: NDACC harmonized formaldehyde time series from 21 FTIR stations covering a wide range of column abundances, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 11, 5049–5073, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-11-5049-2018, 2018. a
Vigouroux, C., Langerock, B., Bauer Aquino, C. A., Blumenstock, T., Cheng, Z., De Mazière, M., De Smedt, I., Grutter, M., Hannigan, J. W., Jones, N., Kivi, R., Loyola, D., Lutsch, E., Mahieu, E., Makarova, M., Metzger, J.-M., Morino, I., Murata, I., Nagahama, T., Notholt, J., Ortega, I., Palm, M., Pinardi, G., Röhling, A., Smale, D., Stremme, W., Strong, K., Sussmann, R., Té, Y., van Roozendael, M., Wang, P., and Winkler, H.: TROPOMI–Sentinel-5 Precursor formaldehyde validation using an extensive network of ground-based Fourier-transform infrared stations, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 13, 3751–3767, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-3751-2020, 2020. a, b
Volkamer, R., Molina, L. T., Molina, M. J., Shirley, T., and Brune, W. H.: DOAS measurement of glyoxal as an indicator for fast VOC chemistry in urban air, Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, 2005GL022616, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005GL022616, 2005. a, b
Volkamer, R., San Martini, F., Salcedo, D., Molina, L. T., Jimenez, J. L., and Molina, M. J.: A Missing Sink for Gas-Phase Glyoxal in Mexico City: Formation of Secondary Organic Aerosol, Geophys. Res. Lett., 34, L19807, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007GL030752, 2007. a
Volkamer, R., Baidar, S., Campos, T. L., Coburn, S., DiGangi, J. P., Dix, B., Eloranta, E. W., Koenig, T. K., Morley, B., Ortega, I., Pierce, B. R., Reeves, M., Sinreich, R., Wang, S., Zondlo, M. A., and Romashkin, P. A.: Aircraft measurements of BrO, IO, glyoxal, NO2, H2O, O2–O2 and aerosol extinction profiles in the tropics: comparison with aircraft-/ship-based in situ and lidar measurements, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 8, 2121–2148, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-8-2121-2015, 2015. a
Wang, H., Yan, R., Xu, T., Wang, Y., Wang, Q., Zhang, T., An, J., Huang, C., Gao, Y., Gao, Y., Li, X., Yu, C., Jing, S., Qiao, L., Lou, S., Tao, S., and Li, Y.: Observation Constrained Aromatic Emissions in Shanghai, China, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 125, e2019JD031815, https://doi.org/10.1029/2019JD031815, 2020. a, b
Wang, T., Huang, R.-J., Yang, L., Dai, W., Ni, H., Gong, Y., Guo, J., Zhong, H., Lin, C., and Xu, W.: Direct emissions of particulate glyoxal and methylglyoxal from biomass burning and coal combustion, Sci. Total Environ., 862, 160757, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160757, 2023. a
Washenfelder, R. A., Young, C. J., Brown, S. S., Angevine, W. M., Atlas, E. L., Blake, D. R., Bon, D. M., Cubison, M. J., De Gouw, J. A., Dusanter, S., Flynn, J., Gilman, J. B., Graus, M., Griffith, S., Grossberg, N., Hayes, P. L., Jimenez, J. L., Kuster, W. C., Lefer, B. L., Pollack, I. B., Ryerson, T. B., Stark, H., Stevens, P. S., and Trainer, M. K.: The glyoxal budget and its contribution to organic aerosol for Los Angeles, California, during CalNex 2010: GLYOXAL BUDGET FOR LOS ANGELES, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 116, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011JD016314, 2011. a
Wells, K. C., Millet, D. B., Cady-Pereira, K. E., Shephard, M. W., Henze, D. K., Bousserez, N., Apel, E. C., de Gouw, J., Warneke, C., and Singh, H. B.: Quantifying global terrestrial methanol emissions using observations from the TES satellite sensor, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 2555–2570, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-2555-2014, 2014. a
Wells, K. C., Millet, D. B., Payne, V. H., Deventer, M. J., Bates, K. H., De Gouw, J. A., Graus, M., Warneke, C., Wisthaler, A., and Fuentes, J. D.: Satellite isoprene retrievals constrain emissions and atmospheric oxidation, Nature, 585, 225–233, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2664-3, 2020. a
Wells, K. C., Millet, D. B., Brewer, J. F., Payne, V. H., Cady-Pereira, K. E., Pernak, R., Kulawik, S., Vigouroux, C., Jones, N., Mahieu, E., Makarova, M., Nagahama, T., Ortega, I., Palm, M., Strong, K., Schneider, M., Smale, D., Sussmann, R., and Zhou, M.: Global decadal measurements of methanol, ethene, ethyne, and HCN from the Cross-track Infrared Sounder, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 18, 695–716, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-18-695-2025, 2025. a, b
Williams, J. E., Boersma, K. F., Le Sager, P., and Verstraeten, W. W.: The high-resolution version of TM5-MP for optimized satellite retrievals: description and validation, Geosci. Model Dev., 10, 721–750, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-10-721-2017, 2017. a
Williams, R. T., Caspers-Brown, A., Sultana, C. M., Lee, C., Axson, J. L., Malfatti, F., Zhou, Y., Moore, K. A., Stevens, N., Santander, M. V., Azam, F., Prather, K. A., and Pomeroy, R. S.: Possible missing sources of atmospheric glyoxal Part I: Phospholipid oxidation from marine algae, Metabolites, 14, 639, https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo14110639 2024. a, b
Wittrock, F., Richter, A., Oetjen, H., Burrows, J. P., Kanakidou, M., Myriokefalitakis, S., Volkamer, R., Beirle, S., Platt, U., and Wagner, T.: Simultaneous global observations of glyoxal and formaldehyde from space, Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, L16804, https://doi.org/10.1029/2006GL026310, 2006. a
Xiao, C., Chang, M., Guo, P., Gu, M., and Li, Y.: Analysis of air quality characteristics of Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei and its surrounding air pollution transport channel cities in China, J. Environ. Sci., 87, 213–227, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jes.2019.05.024, 2020. a
Yang, X., Xue, L., Wang, T., Wang, X., Gao, J., Lee, S., Blake, D. R., Chai, F., and Wang, W.: Observations and Explicit modeling of mummertime marbonyl mormation in Beijing: Identification of key precursor species and their impact on atmospheric oxidation chemistry, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 123, 1426–1440, https://doi.org/10.1002/2017JD027403, 2018. a
Yuan, H., Dai, Y., Xiao, Z., Ji, D., and Shangguan, W.: Reprocessing the MODIS Leaf Area Index products for land surface and climate modelling, Remote Sens. Environ., 115, 1171–1187, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2011.01.001, 2011. a, b
Zarzana, K. J., Min, K.-E., Washenfelder, R. A., Kaiser, J., Krawiec-Thayer, M., Peischl, J., Neuman, J. A., Nowak, J. B., Wagner, N. L., Dubè, W. P., St. Clair, J. M., Wolfe, G. M., Hanisco, T. F., Keutsch, F. N., Ryerson, T. B., and Brown, S. S.: Emissions of Glyoxal and Other Carbonyl Compounds from Agricultural Biomass Burning Plumes Sampled by Aircraft, Environ. Sci. Technol., 51, 11761–11770, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.7b03517, 2017. a
Zarzana, K. J., Selimovic, V., Koss, A. R., Sekimoto, K., Coggon, M. M., Yuan, B., Dubé, W. P., Yokelson, R. J., Warneke, C., de Gouw, J. A., Roberts, J. M., and Brown, S. S.: Primary emissions of glyoxal and methylglyoxal from laboratory measurements of open biomass burning, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 15451–15470, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-15451-2018, 2018. a
Zhang, Q., Streets, D. G., Carmichael, G. R., He, K. B., Huo, H., Kannari, A., Klimont, Z., Park, I. S., Reddy, S., Fu, J. S., Chen, D., Duan, L., Lei, Y., Wang, L. T., and Yao, Z. L.: Asian emissions in 2006 for the NASA INTEX-B mission, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 5131–5153, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-5131-2009, 2009. a
Zhu, A., Wang, Q., Liu, D., and Zhao, Y.: Analysis of the Characteristics of CH4 Emissions in China's Coal Mining Industry and Research on Emission Reduction Measures, Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 19, 7408, https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19127408, 2022. a
Short summary
Volatile organic compounds (VOC) emitted from industry, wildfires, fuel use and vegetation impact the climate and are detrimental to human health. To guide regulation aimed at mitigating their impacts, it is important to know their emissions. We used satellite observations of formaldehyde and glyoxal, combined with a chemical transport model, and demonstrate that VOC emissions are about 20 % larger than expected; furthermore, unknown chemical pathways must be invoked to explain the observations.
Volatile organic compounds (VOC) emitted from industry, wildfires, fuel use and vegetation...
Altmetrics
Final-revised paper
Preprint