Articles | Volume 26, issue 19
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-13795-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-13795-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
02 Oct 2026
Research article |
| 02 Oct 2026
| 02 Oct 2026
Assessing ozone dynamics during the 2023 summer STAQS field campaign using synergistic observations and model simulations
Claudia M. Bernier
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Earth Science Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA
Oak Ridge Associated Universities, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
Matthew S. Johnson
Earth Science Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA
John Sullivan
NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
Guillaume Gronoff
NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA
Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Hampton, VA, USA
Daniel Phoenix
NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA
Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Hampton, VA, USA
Fred Moshary
Electrical Engineering Department and NOAA CESSRST, City College of New York, NY, USA
Raul Alvarez
NOAA Chemical Sciences Laboratory (CSL), Boulder, CO, USA
Brandi McCarty
NOAA Chemical Sciences Laboratory (CSL), Boulder, CO, USA
Andrew Langford
NOAA Chemical Sciences Laboratory (CSL), Boulder, CO, USA
Christoph Senff
Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES), University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
Sunil Baidar
Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES), University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
Laura Judd
NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA
Related authors
No articles found.
Ju-Mee Ryoo, Laura T. Iraci, Yu Yan Cui, Owen R. Cooper, Matthew S. Johnson, Kai-Lan Chang, Emma L. Yates, Valerie Thouret, Hanna Clark, Philippe Nedelec, and Bastien Sauvage
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 26, 13595–13615, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-13595-2026, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-13595-2026, 2026
Short summary
Short summary
Background ozone over Western North America is increasing despite local emission reductions, driven by intensifying transport from Southeast Asia, expanded global shipping, and rising aircraft emissions in the upper troposphere-lower stratosphere (UTLS). By analyzing the ozone 'lower tail' (<33rd percentile), this study identifies growing remote influences and shifting trans-Pacific transport patterns that are fundamentally altering the region's background atmospheric state.
Julianna A. Christopoulos, Pablo E. Saide, Manas R. Mohanty, Nattamon Maneenoi, Jhoon Kim, Laura Judd, Katherine R. Travis, Savitri Garivait, Agapol Junpen, Kazuyuki Miyazaki, Jinkyul Choi, Takashi Sekiya, David Peterson, Theodore M. McHardy, Nicholas Gapp, Jason M. St. Clair, Erin Delaria, Glenn M. Wolfe, Abby Sebol, Alessandro Franchin, Changmin Cho, Morgan L. Silverman, and James H. Crawford
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 26, 8021–8050, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-8021-2026, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-8021-2026, 2026
Short summary
Short summary
Air quality in rapidly growing cities is difficult to model because emissions vary during the day and are often poorly constrained. We demonstrate a methodology for constraining urban emissions using hourly satellite observations combined with high-resolution air quality modeling in Bangkok. We find that emissions inventories likely overestimate nitrogen dioxide emissions, and that updated emissions improve agreement between the model and independent aircraft and ground-based observations.
Yelena Pichugina, Alan W. Brewer, Sunil Baidar, Robert Banta, Edward Strobach, Brandi McCarty, Brian Carroll, Nicola Bodini, Stefano Letizia, Richard Marchbanks, Michael Zucker, Maxwell Holloway, and Patrick Moriarty
Wind Energ. Sci., 11, 417–442, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-11-417-2026, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-11-417-2026, 2026
Short summary
Short summary
The truck-based Doppler lidar system was used during the American Wake Experiment (AWAKEN) to obtain the high-frequency, simultaneous measurements of the horizontal wind speed, direction, and vertical velocity from a moving platform. The paper presents the unique capability of the novel lidar system to characterize the temporal, vertical, and spatial variability in winds at various distances from operating turbines and obtain quantitative estimates of wind speed reduction in the waked flow.
Richard Ferrare, Johnathan Hair, Taylor Shingler, Chris Hostetler, Amin Nehrir, Marta Fenn, Amy Jo Scarino, Sharon Burton, Marian Clayton, James Collins, Laura Judd, James Crawford, Katherine Travis, Travis Toth, Pablo Saide, Jose Luis Jimenez, Pedro Campuzano-Jost, Guy Symonds, Richard Moore, Luke Ziemba, Michael Shook, Glenn Diskin, Joshua P. DiGangi, Ryan Bennett, Chia-Hsiang Ho, Lim-Seok Chang, Adisak Aiampisanuvong, and Ittipol Pawarmart
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 18, 7735–7766, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-18-7735-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-18-7735-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
We present a new method to retrieve atmospheric particulate matter concentrations using only airborne High Spectral Resolution Lidar measurements in machine learning algorithms. Retrieved concentrations agree well with surface measurements. These concentrations and our estimates of the particle mass extinction efficiency are also consistent with those retrieved from airborne in situ measurements. This methodology can also be applied to the Atmosphere Lidar on the EarthCARE satellite.
Isabel L. McCoy, Sunil Baidar, Paquita Zuidema, Jan Kazil, W. Alan Brewer, Wayne M. Angevine, and Graham Feingold
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 16233–16261, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-16233-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-16233-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
We use ship observations to investigate the dynamics of small clouds over the tropical oceans. When these cumulus clouds cluster together, they more efficiently move moisture into the cloud layer due to strengthened updrafts. This encourages further clustering, increases local cloud development success, and may help sustain clouds against diurnal variations in their environment. These results have implications for cumulus feedback on the climate, a significant uncertainty in future projections.
Yu Yan Cui, Ju-Mee Ryoo, Matthew S. Johnson, Kai-Lan Chang, Emma L. Yates, Owen R. Cooper, and Laura T. Iraci
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 17, 5903–5914, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-5903-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-5903-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Atmospheric observations show that free tropospheric ozone has increased across the Northern Hemisphere over the past three decades. The sources driving this increase remain unclear. In this study, we developed a source-receptor relationship database combining multiplatform ozone data and advanced atmospheric transport modeling. This database can identify emission regions responsible for ozone increases and can also be used to analyze other co-observed atmospheric constituents.
Noribeth Mariscal, Louisa K. Emmons, Duseong S. Jo, Ying Xiong, Laura M. Judd, Scott J. Janz, Jiajue Chai, and Yaoxian Huang
Geosci. Model Dev., 18, 6737–6765, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-6737-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-6737-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
The distribution of ozone (O3) and its precursors (NOx, VOCs) is explored using the chemistry–climate model MUSICAv0 and evaluated using measurements from the Michigan–Ontario Ozone Source Experiment. A custom grid of ~7 km was created over Michigan. A sector-based diurnal cycle for anthropogenic nitric oxide was included in the model. This work shows that grid resolution plays a more important role in relation to O3 precursors and that the diurnal cycle significantly impacts nighttime O3 formation.
Matthew S. Johnson, Sofia D. Hamilton, Seongeun Jeong, Yu Yan Cui, Dien Wu, Alex Turner, and Marc Fischer
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 8475–8492, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-8475-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-8475-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Satellites, such as NASA's Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2 and -3 (OCO-2 and OCO-3, respectively), retrieve carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations, which provide vital information for estimating surface CO2 emissions. Here, we investigate the ability of OCO-2/3 retrievals to constrain CO2 emissions for the state of California for the major emission sectors (i.e., fossil fuels, net ecosystem exchange, and wildfire).
Prajjwal Rawat, James H. Crawford, Katherine R. Travis, Laura M. Judd, Mary Angelique G. Demetillo, Lukas C. Valin, James J. Szykman, Andrew Whitehill, Eric Baumann, and Thomas F. Hanisco
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 18, 2899–2917, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-18-2899-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-18-2899-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
The Pandonia Global Network (PGN) consists of Pandora spectrometers that observe trace gases at a high time resolution to validate satellite observations and understand local air quality. To aid users, PGN assigns quality flags that assure scientifically valid data but eliminate large amounts of data appropriate for scientific applications. A new method based on contemporaneous data in two independent observation modes is proven using complementary ground-based and airborne observations.
Marielle Saunois, Adrien Martinez, Benjamin Poulter, Zhen Zhang, Peter A. Raymond, Pierre Regnier, Josep G. Canadell, Robert B. Jackson, Prabir K. Patra, Philippe Bousquet, Philippe Ciais, Edward J. Dlugokencky, Xin Lan, George H. Allen, David Bastviken, David J. Beerling, Dmitry A. Belikov, Donald R. Blake, Simona Castaldi, Monica Crippa, Bridget R. Deemer, Fraser Dennison, Giuseppe Etiope, Nicola Gedney, Lena Höglund-Isaksson, Meredith A. Holgerson, Peter O. Hopcroft, Gustaf Hugelius, Akihiko Ito, Atul K. Jain, Rajesh Janardanan, Matthew S. Johnson, Thomas Kleinen, Paul B. Krummel, Ronny Lauerwald, Tingting Li, Xiangyu Liu, Kyle C. McDonald, Joe R. Melton, Jens Mühle, Jurek Müller, Fabiola Murguia-Flores, Yosuke Niwa, Sergio Noce, Shufen Pan, Robert J. Parker, Changhui Peng, Michel Ramonet, William J. Riley, Gerard Rocher-Ros, Judith A. Rosentreter, Motoki Sasakawa, Arjo Segers, Steven J. Smith, Emily H. Stanley, Joël Thanwerdas, Hanqin Tian, Aki Tsuruta, Francesco N. Tubiello, Thomas S. Weber, Guido R. van der Werf, Douglas E. J. Worthy, Yi Xi, Yukio Yoshida, Wenxin Zhang, Bo Zheng, Qing Zhu, Qiuan Zhu, and Qianlai Zhuang
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 17, 1873–1958, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-1873-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-1873-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Methane (CH4) is the second most important human-influenced greenhouse gas in terms of climate forcing after carbon dioxide (CO2). A consortium of multi-disciplinary scientists synthesise and update the budget of the sources and sinks of CH4. This edition benefits from important progress in estimating emissions from lakes and ponds, reservoirs, and streams and rivers. For the 2010s decade, global CH4 emissions are estimated at 575 Tg CH4 yr-1, including ~65 % from anthropogenic sources.
Maurice Roots, John T. Sullivan, and Belay Demoz
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 18, 1269–1282, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-18-1269-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-18-1269-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
This paper presents a supervised-machine-learning approach for the automatic isolation of nocturnal low-level jets (NLLJs) using observations from a radar wind profiler. This analysis isolated 90 southwesterly NLLJs observed from May to September 2017–2021, highlighting key features in the evolution and morphology of the mid-Atlantic NLLJ.
Hongyu Liu, Bo Zhang, Richard H. Moore, Luke D. Ziemba, Richard A. Ferrare, Hyundeok Choi, Armin Sorooshian, David Painemal, Hailong Wang, Michael A. Shook, Amy Jo Scarino, Johnathan W. Hair, Ewan C. Crosbie, Marta A. Fenn, Taylor J. Shingler, Chris A. Hostetler, Gao Chen, Mary M. Kleb, Gan Luo, Fangqun Yu, Mark A. Vaughan, Yongxiang Hu, Glenn S. Diskin, John B. Nowak, Joshua P. DiGangi, Yonghoon Choi, Christoph A. Keller, and Matthew S. Johnson
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 2087–2121, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-2087-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-2087-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
We use the GEOS-Chem model to simulate aerosol distributions and properties over the western North Atlantic Ocean (WNAO) during the winter and summer deployments in 2020 of the NASA ACTIVATE mission. Model results are evaluated against aircraft, ground-based, and satellite observations. The improved understanding of life cycle, composition, transport pathways, and distribution of aerosols has important implications for characterizing aerosol–cloud–meteorology interactions over WNAO.
Amir H. Souri, Gonzalo González Abad, Glenn M. Wolfe, Tijl Verhoelst, Corinne Vigouroux, Gaia Pinardi, Steven Compernolle, Bavo Langerock, Bryan N. Duncan, and Matthew S. Johnson
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 2061–2086, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-2061-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-2061-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
We establish a simple yet robust relationship between ozone production rates and geophysical parameters obtained from several intensive atmospheric composition campaigns. We show that satellite remote sensing data can effectively constrain these parameters, enabling us to produce the first global maps of ozone production rates with unprecedented resolution.
Chelsea E. Stockwell, Matthew M. Coggon, Rebecca H. Schwantes, Colin Harkins, Bert Verreyken, Congmeng Lyu, Qindan Zhu, Lu Xu, Jessica B. Gilman, Aaron Lamplugh, Jeff Peischl, Michael A. Robinson, Patrick R. Veres, Meng Li, Andrew W. Rollins, Kristen Zuraski, Sunil Baidar, Shang Liu, Toshihiro Kuwayama, Steven S. Brown, Brian C. McDonald, and Carsten Warneke
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 1121–1143, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-1121-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-1121-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
In urban areas, emissions from everyday products like paints, cleaners, and personal care products, along with non-traditional sources such as cooking, are increasingly important and impact air quality. This study uses a box model to evaluate how these emissions impact ozone in the Los Angeles Basin and quantifies the impact of gaseous cooking emissions. Accurate representation of these and other anthropogenic sources in inventories is crucial for informing effective air quality policies.
Fernando Chouza, Thierry Leblanc, Patrick Wang, Steven S. Brown, Kristen Zuraski, Wyndom Chace, Caroline C. Womack, Jeff Peischl, John Hair, Taylor Shingler, and John Sullivan
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 18, 405–419, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-18-405-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-18-405-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
The JPL lidar group developed the SMOL (Small Mobile Ozone Lidar), an affordable ozone differential absorption lidar (DIAL) system covering all altitudes from 200 m to 10 km a.g.l. The comparison with airborne in situ and lidar measurements shows very good agreement. An additional comparison with nearby surface ozone measuring instruments indicates unbiased measurements by the SMOL lidars down to 200 m a.g.l.
Matthew S. Johnson, Sajeev Philip, Scott Meech, Rajesh Kumar, Meytar Sorek-Hamer, Yoichi P. Shiga, and Jia Jung
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 10363–10384, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-10363-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-10363-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Satellites, like the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI), retrieve proxy species of ozone (O3) formation (formaldehyde and nitrogen dioxide) and the ratios (FNRs) which can define O3 production sensitivity regimes. Here we investigate trends of OMI FNRs from 2005 to 2021, and they have increased in major cities, suggesting a transition from radical- to NOx-limited regimes. OMI also observed the impact of reduced emissions during the 2020 COVID-19 lockdown that resulted in increased FNRs.
Andrew O. Langford, Raul J. Alvarez II, Kenneth C. Aikin, Sunil Baidar, W. Alan Brewer, Steven S. Brown, Matthew M. Coggan, Patrick D. Cullis, Jessica Gilman, Georgios I. Gkatzelis, Detlev Helmig, Bryan J. Johnson, K. Emma Knowland, Rajesh Kumar, Aaron D. Lamplugh, Audra McClure-Begley, Brandi J. McCarty, Ann M. Middlebrook, Gabriele Pfister, Jeff Peischl, Irina Petropavlovskikh, Pamela S. Rickley, Andrew W. Rollins, Scott P. Sandberg, Christoph J. Senff, and Carsten Warneke
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1938, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1938, 2024
Preprint withdrawn
Short summary
Short summary
High ozone (O3) formed by reactions of nitrogen oxides (NOx) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) can harm human health and welfare. High O3 is usually associated with hot summer days, but under certain conditions, high O3 can also form under winter conditions. In this study, we describe a high O3 event that occurred in Colorado during the COVID-19 quarantine that was caused in part by the decrease in traffic, and in part by a shallow inversion created by descent of stratospheric air.
Edward J. Strobach, Sunil Baidar, Brian J. Carroll, Steven S. Brown, Kristen Zuraski, Matthew Coggon, Chelsea E. Stockwell, Lu Xu, Yelena L. Pichugina, W. Alan Brewer, Carsten Warneke, Jeff Peischl, Jessica Gilman, Brandi McCarty, Maxwell Holloway, and Richard Marchbanks
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 9277–9307, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-9277-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-9277-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Large-scale weather patterns are isolated from local patterns to study the impact that different weather scales have on air quality measurements. While impacts from large-scale meteorology were evaluated by separating ozone (O3) exceedance (>70 ppb) and non-exceedance (<70 ppb) days, we developed a technique that allows direct comparisons of small temporal variations between chemical and dynamics measurements under rapid dynamical transitions.
Akinleye Folorunsho, Jimy Dudhia, John Sullivan, Paul Walter, James Flynn, Travis Griggs, Rebecca Sheesley, Sascha Usenko, Guillaume Gronoff, Mark Estes, and Yang Li
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1190, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1190, 2024
Preprint archived
Short summary
Short summary
Our study investigates the factors driving high ozone levels over the Houston urban area. Using advanced modeling techniques and real-world measurements, we found vehicle and industrial emissions especially of highly reactive organic compounds play a key role in ozone formation. Our study highlights spatial and temporal changes in ozone sensitivity and variability of atmosphere's self-cleaning capacity to emissions, signifying effective ways of controlling emissions to mitigate urban ozone.
M. Omar Nawaz, Jeremiah Johnson, Greg Yarwood, Benjamin de Foy, Laura Judd, and Daniel L. Goldberg
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 6719–6741, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-6719-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-6719-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
NO2 is a gas with implications for air pollution. A campaign conducted in Houston provided an opportunity to compare NO2 from different instruments and a model. Aircraft and satellite observations agreed well with measurements on the ground; however, the latter estimated lower values. We find that model-simulated NO2 was lower than observations, especially downtown, suggesting that NO2 sources associated with the urban core of Houston, such as vehicle emissions, may be underestimated.
Matthew S. Johnson, Alexei Rozanov, Mark Weber, Nora Mettig, John Sullivan, Michael J. Newchurch, Shi Kuang, Thierry Leblanc, Fernando Chouza, Timothy A. Berkoff, Guillaume Gronoff, Kevin B. Strawbridge, Raul J. Alvarez, Andrew O. Langford, Christoph J. Senff, Guillaume Kirgis, Brandi McCarty, and Larry Twigg
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 17, 2559–2582, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-2559-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-2559-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Monitoring tropospheric ozone (O3), a harmful pollutant negatively impacting human health, is primarily done using ground-based measurements and ozonesondes. However, these observation types lack the coverage to fully understand tropospheric O3. Satellites can retrieve tropospheric ozone with near-daily global coverage; however, they are known to have biases and errors. This study uses ground-based lidars to validate multiple satellites' ability to observe tropospheric O3.
Xueying Liu, Yuxuan Wang, Shailaja Wasti, Wei Li, Ehsan Soleimanian, James Flynn, Travis Griggs, Sergio Alvarez, John T. Sullivan, Maurice Roots, Laurence Twigg, Guillaume Gronoff, Timothy Berkoff, Paul Walter, Mark Estes, Johnathan W. Hair, Taylor Shingler, Amy Jo Scarino, Marta Fenn, and Laura Judd
Geosci. Model Dev., 16, 5493–5514, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-5493-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-5493-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
With a comprehensive suite of ground-based and airborne remote sensing measurements during the 2021 TRacking Aerosol Convection ExpeRiment – Air Quality (TRACER-AQ) campaign in Houston, this study evaluates the simulation of the planetary boundary layer (PBL) height and the ozone vertical profile by a high-resolution (1.33 km) 3-D photochemical model Weather Research and Forecasting-driven GEOS-Chem (WRF-GC).
Sunil Baidar, Timothy J. Wagner, David D. Turner, and W. Alan Brewer
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 16, 3715–3726, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-3715-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-3715-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This paper provides a new method to retrieve wind profiles from coherent Doppler lidar (CDL) measurements. It takes advantage of layer-to-layer correlation in wind profiles to provide continuous profiles of up to 3 km by filling in the gaps where the CDL signal is too small to retrieve reliable results by itself. Comparison with the current method and collocated radiosonde wind measurements showed excellent agreement with no degradation in results where the current method gives valid results.
Matthew S. Johnson, Amir H. Souri, Sajeev Philip, Rajesh Kumar, Aaron Naeger, Jeffrey Geddes, Laura Judd, Scott Janz, Heesung Chong, and John Sullivan
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 16, 2431–2454, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-2431-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-2431-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Satellites provide vital information for studying the processes controlling ozone formation. Based on the abundance of particular gases in the atmosphere, ozone formation is sensitive to specific human-induced and natural emission sources. However, errors and biases in satellite retrievals hinder this data source’s application for studying ozone formation sensitivity. We conducted a thorough statistical evaluation of two commonly applied satellites for investigating ozone formation sensitivity.
Brendan Byrne, David F. Baker, Sourish Basu, Michael Bertolacci, Kevin W. Bowman, Dustin Carroll, Abhishek Chatterjee, Frédéric Chevallier, Philippe Ciais, Noel Cressie, David Crisp, Sean Crowell, Feng Deng, Zhu Deng, Nicholas M. Deutscher, Manvendra K. Dubey, Sha Feng, Omaira E. García, David W. T. Griffith, Benedikt Herkommer, Lei Hu, Andrew R. Jacobson, Rajesh Janardanan, Sujong Jeong, Matthew S. Johnson, Dylan B. A. Jones, Rigel Kivi, Junjie Liu, Zhiqiang Liu, Shamil Maksyutov, John B. Miller, Scot M. Miller, Isamu Morino, Justus Notholt, Tomohiro Oda, Christopher W. O'Dell, Young-Suk Oh, Hirofumi Ohyama, Prabir K. Patra, Hélène Peiro, Christof Petri, Sajeev Philip, David F. Pollard, Benjamin Poulter, Marine Remaud, Andrew Schuh, Mahesh K. Sha, Kei Shiomi, Kimberly Strong, Colm Sweeney, Yao Té, Hanqin Tian, Voltaire A. Velazco, Mihalis Vrekoussis, Thorsten Warneke, John R. Worden, Debra Wunch, Yuanzhi Yao, Jeongmin Yun, Andrew Zammit-Mangion, and Ning Zeng
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 963–1004, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-963-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-963-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Changes in the carbon stocks of terrestrial ecosystems result in emissions and removals of CO2. These can be driven by anthropogenic activities (e.g., deforestation), natural processes (e.g., fires) or in response to rising CO2 (e.g., CO2 fertilization). This paper describes a dataset of CO2 emissions and removals derived from atmospheric CO2 observations. This pilot dataset informs current capabilities and future developments towards top-down monitoring and verification systems.
Amir H. Souri, Matthew S. Johnson, Glenn M. Wolfe, James H. Crawford, Alan Fried, Armin Wisthaler, William H. Brune, Donald R. Blake, Andrew J. Weinheimer, Tijl Verhoelst, Steven Compernolle, Gaia Pinardi, Corinne Vigouroux, Bavo Langerock, Sungyeon Choi, Lok Lamsal, Lei Zhu, Shuai Sun, Ronald C. Cohen, Kyung-Eun Min, Changmin Cho, Sajeev Philip, Xiong Liu, and Kelly Chance
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 1963–1986, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-1963-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-1963-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We have rigorously characterized different sources of error in satellite-based HCHO / NO2 tropospheric columns, a widely used metric for diagnosing near-surface ozone sensitivity. Specifically, the errors were categorized/quantified into (i) an inherent chemistry error, (ii) the decoupled relationship between columns and the near-surface concentration, (iii) the spatial representativeness error of ground satellite pixels, and (iv) the satellite retrieval errors.
Claudia Bernier, Yuxuan Wang, Guillaume Gronoff, Timothy Berkoff, K. Emma Knowland, John T. Sullivan, Ruben Delgado, Vanessa Caicedo, and Brian Carroll
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 15313–15331, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-15313-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-15313-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Coastal regions are susceptible to variable and high ozone which is difficult to simulate. We developed a method to characterize large datasets of multi-dimensional measurements from lidar instruments taken in coastal regions. Using the clustered ozone groups, we evaluated model performance in simulating the coastal ozone variability vertically and diurnally. The approach allowed us to pinpoint areas where the models succeed in simulating coastal ozone and areas where there are still gaps.
Brendan Byrne, Junjie Liu, Yonghong Yi, Abhishek Chatterjee, Sourish Basu, Rui Cheng, Russell Doughty, Frédéric Chevallier, Kevin W. Bowman, Nicholas C. Parazoo, David Crisp, Xing Li, Jingfeng Xiao, Stephen Sitch, Bertrand Guenet, Feng Deng, Matthew S. Johnson, Sajeev Philip, Patrick C. McGuire, and Charles E. Miller
Biogeosciences, 19, 4779–4799, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4779-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4779-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Plants draw CO2 from the atmosphere during the growing season, while respiration releases CO2 to the atmosphere throughout the year, driving seasonal variations in atmospheric CO2 that can be observed by satellites, such as the Orbiting Carbon Observatory 2 (OCO-2). Using OCO-2 XCO2 data and space-based constraints on plant growth, we show that permafrost-rich northeast Eurasia has a strong seasonal release of CO2 during the autumn, hinting at an unexpectedly large respiration signal from soils.
John T. Sullivan, Arnoud Apituley, Nora Mettig, Karin Kreher, K. Emma Knowland, Marc Allaart, Ankie Piters, Michel Van Roozendael, Pepijn Veefkind, Jerry R. Ziemke, Natalya Kramarova, Mark Weber, Alexei Rozanov, Laurence Twigg, Grant Sumnicht, and Thomas J. McGee
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 11137–11153, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-11137-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-11137-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
A TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) validation campaign (TROLIX-19) was held in the Netherlands in September 2019. The research presented here focuses on using ozone lidars from NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center to better evaluate the characterization of ozone throughout TROLIX-19 as compared to balloon-borne, space-borne and ground-based passive measurements, as well as a global coupled chemistry meteorology model.
Daniel L. Goldberg, Monica Harkey, Benjamin de Foy, Laura Judd, Jeremiah Johnson, Greg Yarwood, and Tracey Holloway
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 10875–10900, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-10875-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-10875-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
TROPOMI measurements offer a valuable means to validate emissions inventories and ozone formation regimes, with important limitations. Lightning NOx is important to account for in Texas and can contribute up to 24 % of the column NO2 in rural areas and 8 % in urban areas. Modeled NO2 in urban areas agrees with TROPOMI NO2 to within 20 % in most circumstances, with a small underestimate in Dallas (−13 %) and Houston (−20 %). Near Texas power plants, the satellite appears to underrepresent NO2.
Liqiao Lei, Timothy A. Berkoff, Guillaume Gronoff, Jia Su, Amin R. Nehrir, Yonghua Wu, Fred Moshary, and Shi Kuang
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 15, 2465–2478, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-2465-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-2465-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Aerosol extinction in the UVB (280–315 nm) is difficult to retrieve using simple lidar techniques due to the lack of lidar ratios at those wavelengths. The 2018 Long Island Sound Tropospheric Ozone Study (LISTOS) in the New York City region provided the opportunity to characterize the lidar ratio for UVB aerosol retrieval for the Langley Mobile Ozone Lidar (LMOL). A 292 nm aerosol product comparison between the NASA Langley High Altitude Lidar Observatory (HALO) and LMOL was also carried out.
Meloë S. F. Kacenelenbogen, Qian Tan, Sharon P. Burton, Otto P. Hasekamp, Karl D. Froyd, Yohei Shinozuka, Andreas J. Beyersdorf, Luke Ziemba, Kenneth L. Thornhill, Jack E. Dibb, Taylor Shingler, Armin Sorooshian, Reed W. Espinosa, Vanderlei Martins, Jose L. Jimenez, Pedro Campuzano-Jost, Joshua P. Schwarz, Matthew S. Johnson, Jens Redemann, and Gregory L. Schuster
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 3713–3742, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-3713-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-3713-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The impact of aerosols on Earth's radiation budget and human health is important and strongly depends on their composition. One desire of our scientific community is to derive the composition of the aerosol from satellite sensors. However, satellites observe aerosol optical properties (and not aerosol composition) based on remote sensing instrumentation. This study assesses how much aerosol optical properties can tell us about aerosol composition.
Andrew O. Langford, Christoph J. Senff, Raul J. Alvarez II, Ken C. Aikin, Sunil Baidar, Timothy A. Bonin, W. Alan Brewer, Jerome Brioude, Steven S. Brown, Joel D. Burley, Dani J. Caputi, Stephen A. Conley, Patrick D. Cullis, Zachary C. J. Decker, Stéphanie Evan, Guillaume Kirgis, Meiyun Lin, Mariusz Pagowski, Jeff Peischl, Irina Petropavlovskikh, R. Bradley Pierce, Thomas B. Ryerson, Scott P. Sandberg, Chance W. Sterling, Ann M. Weickmann, and Li Zhang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 1707–1737, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-1707-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-1707-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The Fires, Asian, and Stratospheric Transport–Las Vegas Ozone Study (FAST-LVOS) combined lidar, aircraft, and in situ measurements with global models to investigate the contributions of stratospheric intrusions, regional and Asian pollution, and wildfires to background ozone in the southwestern US during May and June 2017 and demonstrated that these processes contributed to background ozone levels that exceeded 70 % of the US National Ambient Air Quality Standard during the 6-week campaign.
Hélène Peiro, Sean Crowell, Andrew Schuh, David F. Baker, Chris O'Dell, Andrew R. Jacobson, Frédéric Chevallier, Junjie Liu, Annmarie Eldering, David Crisp, Feng Deng, Brad Weir, Sourish Basu, Matthew S. Johnson, Sajeev Philip, and Ian Baker
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 1097–1130, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-1097-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-1097-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Satellite CO2 observations are constantly improved. We study an ensemble of different atmospheric models (inversions) from 2015 to 2018 using separate ground-based data or two versions of the OCO-2 satellite. Our study aims to determine if different satellite data corrections can yield different estimates of carbon cycle flux. A difference in the carbon budget between the two versions is found over tropical Africa, which seems to show the impact of corrections applied in satellite data.
Amir H. Souri, Kelly Chance, Kang Sun, Xiong Liu, and Matthew S. Johnson
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 15, 41–59, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-41-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-41-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The central component of satellite and model validation is pointwise measurements. A point is an element of space, whereas satellite (model) pixels represent an averaged area. These two datasets are inherently different. We leveraged some geostatistical tools to transform discrete points to gridded data with quantified uncertainty, comparable to satellite footprint (and response functions). This in part alleviated some complications concerning point–pixel comparisons.
Siqi Ma, Daniel Tong, Lok Lamsal, Julian Wang, Xuelei Zhang, Youhua Tang, Rick Saylor, Tianfeng Chai, Pius Lee, Patrick Campbell, Barry Baker, Shobha Kondragunta, Laura Judd, Timothy A. Berkoff, Scott J. Janz, and Ivanka Stajner
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 16531–16553, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-16531-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-16531-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Predicting high ozone gets more challenging as urban emissions decrease. How can different techniques be used to foretell the quality of air to better protect human health? We tested four techniques with the CMAQ model against observations during a field campaign over New York City. The new system proves to better predict the magnitude and timing of high ozone. These approaches can be extended to other regions to improve the predictability of high-O3 episodes in contemporary urban environments.
Cited articles
Acdan, J. J. M., Pierce, R. B., Dickens, A. F., Adelman, Z., and Nergui, T.: Examining TROPOMI formaldehyde to nitrogen dioxide ratios in the Lake Michigan region: implications for ozone exceedances, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 7867–7885, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-7867-2023, 2023.
Acker, S., Holloway, T., and Harkey, M.: Satellite detection of NO2 distributions using TROPOMI and TEMPO and comparison with ground-based concentration measurements, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 8271–8288, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-8271-2025, 2025.
ASDC|TOLNet_CSL_Data_1: Atmospheric Science Data Center (ASDC), TOLNet CSL Data, https://doi.org/10.5067/Lidar/Ozone/TOLNet/NOAA-CSL, 2025.
Banta, R. M., Senff, C. J., Nielsen-Gammon, J., Darby, L. S., Ryerson, T. B., Alvarez, R. J., Sandberg, S. P., Williams, E. J., and Trainer, M.: A Bad Air Day in Houston, B. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 86, 657–670, https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-86-5-657, 2005.
Barth, M. C., Lee, J., Hodzic, A., Pfister, G., Skamarock, W. C., Worden, J., Wong, J., and Noone, D.: Thunderstorms and upper troposphere chemistry during the early stages of the 2006 North American Monsoon, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 11003–11026, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-11003-2012, 2012.
Berkoff, T. A., Gronoff, G. P., Phoenix, D. B., Carrion, W., and Knepp, T. N.: Overview and Status of the NASA Langley Mobile Ozone Lidar, J. Atmos. Ocean. Tech., https://doi.org/10.1175/JTECH-D-25-0029.1, 2025.
Bernier, C., Wang, Y., Gronoff, G., Berkoff, T., Knowland, K. E., Sullivan, J. T., Delgado, R., Caicedo, V., and Carroll, B.: Cluster-based characterization of multi-dimensional tropospheric ozone variability in coastal regions: an analysis of lidar measurements and model results, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 15313–15331, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-15313-2022, 2022.
Caicedo, V., Rappenglueck, B., Cuchiara, G., Flynn, J., Ferrare, R., Scarino, A. J., Berkoff, T., Senff, C., Langford, A., and Lefer, B.: Bay Breeze and Sea Breeze Circulation Impacts on the Planetary Boundary Layer and Air Quality From an Observed and Modeled DISCOVER-AQ Texas Case Study, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 124, 7359–7378, https://doi.org/10.1029/2019JD030523, 2019.
Caicedo, V., Delgado, R., Luke, W. T., Ren, X., Kelley, P., Stratton, P. R., Dickerson, R. R., Berkoff, T. A., and Gronoff, G.: Observations of bay-breeze and ozone events over a marine site during the OWLETS-2 campaign, Atmos. Environ., 263, 118669, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2021.118669, 2021.
Cede, A: Manual for Blick Software Suite 1.3, version 7, http://pandonia.net/media/documents/BlickSoftwareSuite_Manual_v7.pdf (last access: 26 March 2024), 2017.
Chance, K., Liu, X., Suleiman, R. M., Flittner, D. E., Al-Saadi, J., and Janz, S. J.: Tropospheric emissions: monitoring of pollution (TEMPO), in: Earth Observing Systems XVIII, Proc. SPIE, 8866, 88660D, https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2024479, 2013.
Chin, M., Rood, R. B., Lin, S.-J., Müller, J.-F., and Thompson, A. M.: Atmospheric sulfur cycle simulated in the global model GOCART: Model description and global properties, J. Geophys. Res., 105, 24671–24687, https://doi.org/10.1029/2000JD900384, 2000.
Cooper, M. J., Martin, R. V., Henze, D. K., and Jones, D. B. A.: Effects of a priori profile shape assumptions on comparisons between satellite NO2 columns and model simulations, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 7231–7241, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-7231-2020, 2020.
Darby, L. S.: Cluster Analysis of Surface Winds in Houston, Texas, and the Impact of Wind Patterns on Ozone, J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol., 44, 1788–1806, https://doi.org/10.1175/JAM2320.1, 2005.
Dreessen, J., Orozco, D., Boyle, J., Szymborski, J., Lee, P., Flores, A., and Sakai, R. K.: Observed ozone over the Chesapeake Bay land-water interface: The Hart-Miller Island Pilot Project, J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc., 69, 1312–1330, https://doi.org/10.1080/10962247.2019.1668497, 2019.
Emmons, L. K., Walters, S., Hess, P. G., Lamarque, J.-F., Pfister, G. G., Fillmore, D., Granier, C., Guenther, A., Kinnison, D., Laepple, T., Orlando, J., Tie, X., Tyndall, G., Wiedinmyer, C., Baughcum, S. L., and Kloster, S.: Description and evaluation of the Model for Ozone and Related chemical Tracers, version 4 (MOZART-4), Geosci. Model Dev., 3, 43–67, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-3-43-2010, 2010.
Eskes, H. J. and Boersma, K. F.: Averaging kernels for DOAS total-column satellite retrievals, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 3, 1285–1291, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-3-1285-2003, 2003.
Gettelman, A., Mills, M. J., Kinnison, D. E., Garcia, R. R., Smith, A. K., Marsh, D. R., Tilmes, S., Vitt, F., Bardeen, C. G., McInerny, J., Liu, H. L., Solomon, S. C., Polvani, L. M., Emmons, L. K., Lamarque, J. F., Richter, J. H., Glanville, A. S., Bacmeister, J. T., Phillips, A. S., Neale, R. B., Simpson, I. R., DuVivier, A. K., Hodzic, A., and Randel, W. J.: The Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model Version 6 (WACCM6), J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 124, 12380–12403, https://doi.org/10.1029/2019JD030943, 2019.
Ghahremanloo, M., Nowlan, C., González Abad, G., Garraffo, C., Liu, X., Wang, H., Henderson, B., Baumann, E., Valin, L., Geddes, J. A., and Zhao, X.: Comprehensive Analysis of Bias in TEMPO NO2 Column Densities Through Pandora Observations, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 130, e2025JD044150, https://doi.org/10.1029/2025JD044150, 2025.
Goldberg, D. L., Loughner, C. P., Tzortziou, M., Stehr, J. W., Pickering, K. E., Marufu, L. T., and Dickerson, R. R.: Higher surface ozone concentrations over the Chesapeake Bay than over the adjacent land: Observations and models from the DISCOVER-AQ and CBODAQ campaigns, Atmos. Environ., 84, 9–19, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2013.11.008, 2014.
Grell, G. A., Peckham, S. E., Schmitz, R., McKeen, S. A., Frost, G., Skamarock, W. C., and Eder, B.: Fully coupled “online” chemistry within the WRF model, Atmos. Environ., 39, 6957–6975, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2005.04.027, 2005.
Gronoff, G., Robinson, J., Berkoff, T., Swap, R., Farris, B., Schroeder, J., Halliday, H. S., Knepp, T., Spinei, E., Carrion, W., Adcock, E. E., Johns, Z., Allen, D., and Pippin, M.: A method for quantifying near range point source induced O3 titration events using Co-located Lidar and Pandora measurements, Atmos. Environ., 204, 43–52, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2019.01.052, 2019.
Gronoff, G., Berkoff, T., Knowland, K. E., Lei, L., Shook, M., Fabbri, B., Carrion, W., and Langford, A. O.: Case study of stratospheric intrusion above Hampton, Virginia: Lidar-observation and modeling analysis, Atmos. Environ., 259, 118498, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2021.118498, 2021.
Guenther, A. B., Jiang, X., Heald, C. L., Sakulyanontvittaya, T., Duhl, T., Emmons, L. K., and Wang, X.: The Model of Emissions of Gases and Aerosols from Nature version 2.1 (MEGAN2.1): an extended and updated framework for modeling biogenic emissions, Geosci. Model Dev., 5, 1471–1492, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-5-1471-2012, 2012.
Herman, J., Cede, A., Spinei, E., Mount, G., Tzortziou, M., and Abuhassan, N.: NO2 column amounts from ground-based Pandora and MFDOAS spectrometers using the direct-sun DOAS technique: Intercomparisons and application to OMI validation, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 114, https://doi.org/10.1029/2009JD011848, 2009.
Hong, S.-Y.: A new stable boundary-layer mixing scheme and its impact on the simulated East Asian summer monsoon, Q. J. Roy. Meteorol. Soc., 136, 1481–1496, https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.665, 2010.
Iacono, M. J., Delamere, J. S., Mlawer, E. J., Shephard, M. W., Clough, S. A., and Collins, W. D.: Radiative forcing by long-lived greenhouse gases: Calculations with the AER radiative transfer models, J. Geophys. Res., 113, D13103, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008JD009944, 2008.
Johnson, M. S., Kuang, S., Wang, L., and Newchurch, M. J.: Evaluating Summer-Time Ozone Enhancement Events in the Southeast United States, Atmosphere, 7, 108, https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos7080108, 2016.
Johnson, M. S., Souri, A. H., Philip, S., Kumar, R., Naeger, A., Geddes, J., Judd, L., Janz, S., Chong, H., and Sullivan, J.: Satellite remote-sensing capability to assess tropospheric-column ratios of formaldehyde and nitrogen dioxide: case study during the Long Island Sound Tropospheric Ozone Study 2018 (LISTOS 2018) field campaign, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 16, 2431–2454, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-2431-2023, 2023.
Judd, L. M., Al-Saadi, J. A., Janz, S. J., Kowalewski, M. G., Pierce, R. B., Szykman, J. J., Valin, L. C., Swap, R., Cede, A., Mueller, M., Tiefengraber, M., Abuhassan, N., and Williams, D.: Evaluating the impact of spatial resolution on tropospheric NO2 column comparisons within urban areas using high-resolution airborne data, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 12, 6091–6111, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-12-6091-2019, 2019.
Judd, L. M., Al-Saadi, J. A., Szykman, J. J., Valin, L. C., Janz, S. J., Kowalewski, M. G., Eskes, H. J., Veefkind, J. P., Cede, A., Mueller, M., Gebetsberger, M., Swap, R., Pierce, R. B., Nowlan, C. R., Abad, G. G., Nehrir, A., and Williams, D.: Evaluating Sentinel-5P TROPOMI tropospheric NO2 column densities with airborne and Pandora spectrometers near New York City and Long Island Sound, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 13, 6113–6140, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-6113-2020, 2020.
Kaser, L., Patton, E. G., Pfister, G. G., Weinheimer, A. J., Montzka, D. D., Flocke, F., Thompson, A. M., Stauffer, R. M., and Halliday, H. S.: The effect of entrainment through atmospheric boundary layer growth on observed and modeled surface ozone in the Colorado Front Range, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 122, 6075–6093, https://doi.org/10.1002/2016JD026245, 2017.
Kim, S., Kim, D., Hong, H., Chang, L.-S., Lee, H., Kim, D.-R., Kim, D., Yu, J.-A., Lee, D., Jeong, U., Song, C.-K., Kim, S.-W., Park, S. S., Kim, J., Hanisco, T. F., Park, J., Choi, W., and Lee, K.: First-time comparison between NO2 vertical columns from Geostationary Environmental Monitoring Spectrometer (GEMS) and Pandora measurements, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 16, 3959–3972, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-3959-2023, 2023.
Kotsakis, A., Sullivan, J. T., Hanisco, T. F., Swap, R. J., Caicedo, V., Berkoff, T. A., Gronoff, G., Loughner, C. P., Ren, X., Luke, W. T., Kelley, P., Stratton, P. R., Delgado, R., Abuhassan, N., Shalaby, L., Santos, F. C., and Dreessen, J.: Sensitivity of total column NO2 at a marine site within the Chesapeake Bay during OWLETS-2, Atmos. Environ., 277, 119063, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2022.119063, 2022.
Kowalewski, M. G. and Janz, S. J.: Remote sensing capabilities of the GeoCAPE Airborne Simulator, in: Earth Observing Systems XIX, Earth Observing Systems XIX, 496–507, https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2062058, 2014.
Li, W., Wang, Y., Bernier, C., and Estes, M.: Identification of sea breeze recirculation and its effects on ozone in Houston, TX, during DISCOVER-AQ 2013, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 125, e2020JD033165, https://doi.org/10.1029/2020JD033165, 2020.
Li, X. and Rappenglueck, B.: A study of model nighttime ozone bias in air quality modeling, Atmos. Environ., 195, 210–228, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2018.09.046, 2018.
Loughner, C. P., Tzortziou, M., Follette-Cook, M., Pickering, K. E., Goldberg, D., Satam, C., Weinheimer, A., Crawford, J. H., Knapp, D. J., Montzka, D. D., Diskin, G. S., and Dickerson, R. R.: Impact of Bay-Breeze Circulations on Surface Air Quality and Boundary Layer Export, J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol., 53, 1697–1713, https://doi.org/10.1175/JAMC-D-13-0323.1, 2014.
Luo, H. and Lu, C.-H.: Impacts of Local Circulations on Ozone Pollution in the New York Metropolitan Area: Evidence From Three Summers of Observations, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 129, e2023JD039206, https://doi.org/10.1029/2023JD039206, 2024.
Ma, S. and Tong, D. Q.: Neighborhood Emission Mapping Operation (NEMO): A 1-km anthropogenic emission dataset in the United States, Sci. Data, 9, 680, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-022-01790-9, 2022.
Madronich, S.: Photodissociation in the atmosphere: 1. Actinic flux and the effects of ground reflections and clouds, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 92, 9740–9752, https://doi.org/10.1029/JD092iD08p09740, 1987.
Martins, D. K., Stauffer, R. M., Thompson, A. M., Knepp, T. N., and Pippin, M.: Surface ozone at a coastal suburban site in 2009 and 2010: Relationships to chemical and meteorological processes, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 117, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011JD016828, 2012.
Mazzuca, G. M., Pickering, K. E., New, D. A., Dreessen, J., and Dickerson, R. R.: Impact of bay breeze and thunderstorm circulations on surface ozone at a site along the Chesapeake Bay 2011–2016, Atmos. Environ., 198, 351–365, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2018.10.068, 2019.
Miller, S. T. K., Keim, B. D., Talbot, R. W., and Mao, H.: Sea breeze: Structure, forecasting, and impacts, Rev. Geophys., 41, https://doi.org/10.1029/2003RG000124, 2003.
Monin, A. S. and Obukhov, A. M.: Basic laws of turbulent mixing in the surface layer of the atmosphere, Tr. Akad. Nauk SSSR Geofiz. Inst., 24, 163–187, 1954.
Nowlan, C. R., Liu, X., Leitch, J. W., Chance, K., González Abad, G., Liu, C., Zoogman, P., Cole, J., Delker, T., Good, W., Murcray, F., Ruppert, L., Soo, D., Follette-Cook, M. B., Janz, S. J., Kowalewski, M. G., Loughner, C. P., Pickering, K. E., Herman, J. R., Beaver, M. R., Long, R. W., Szykman, J. J., Judd, L. M., Kelley, P., Luke, W. T., Ren, X., and Al-Saadi, J. A.: Nitrogen dioxide observations from the Geostationary Trace gas and Aerosol Sensor Optimization (GeoTASO) airborne instrument: Retrieval algorithm and measurements during DISCOVER-AQ Texas 2013, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 9, 2647–2668, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-9-2647-2016, 2016.
Niu, G.-Y., Yang, Z.-L., Mitchell, K. E., Chen, F., Ek, M. B., Barlage, M., Kumar, A., Manning, K., Niyogi, D., Rosero, E., Tewari, M., and Xia, Y.: The community Noah land surface model with multiparameterization options (Noah-MP): 1. Model description and evaluation with local-scale measurements, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 116, https://doi.org/10.1029/2010JD015139, 2011.
Phoenix, D. B., Berkoff, T. A., Gronoff, G. P., Salkovitz, D., Bernier, C., Knowland, K. E., Sullivan, J. T., Twigg, L. W., Roots, M., and Knepp, T.: Analysis of atmospheric conditions responsible for an ozone exceedance event in southeast Virginia on June 15, 2022, Atmos. Pollut. Res., 16, 102409, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apr.2025.102409, 2025.
Price, C. and Rind, D.: A simple lightning parameterization for calculating global lightning distributions, J. Geophys. Res., 97, 9919–9933, https://doi.org/10.1029/92JD00719, 1992.
Rawat, P., Crawford, J. H., Travis, K. R., Judd, L. M., Demetillo, M. A. G., Valin, L. C., Szykman, J. J., Whitehill, A., Baumann, E., and Hanisco, T. F.: Maximizing the scientific application of Pandora column observations of HCHO and NO2, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 18, 2899–2917, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-18-2899-2025, 2025.
Ring, A. M., Dickerson, R. R., Sebol, A. E., Ren, X., Benish, S. E., Salawitch, R. J., Galasyn, A., Miller, P. J., and Canty, T. P.: Anthropogenic VOCs in the Long Island Sound, NY Airshed and their role in ozone production, Atmos. Environ., 296, 119583, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2023.119583, 2023.
Stauffer, R. M., Thompson, A. M., Martins, D. K., Clark, R. D., Goldberg, D. L., Loughner, C. P., Delgado, R., Dickerson, R. R., Stehr, J. W., and Tzortziou, M. A.: Bay breeze influence on surface ozone at Edgewood, MD during July 2011, J. Atmos. Chem., 72, 335–353, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10874-012-9241-6, 2015.
Su, J., Delgado, R., Berkoff, T. A., Sullivan, J. T., Gronoff, G. P., and Phoenix, D. B.: Observation of fresh wildfire smoke over Hampton, VA in winter, Atmos. Environ., 358, 121370, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2025.121370, 2025.
Sullivan, J. T., Rabenhorst, S. D., Dreessen, J., McGee, T. J., Delgado, R., Twigg, L., and Sumnicht, G.: Lidar observations revealing transport of O3 in the presence of a nocturnal low-level jet: Regional implications for “next-day” pollution, Atmos. Environ., 158, 160–171, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2017.03.039, 2017.
Sullivan, J. T., Berkoff, T., Gronoff, G., Knepp, T., Pippin, M., Allen, D., Twigg, L., Swap, R., Tzortziou, M., Thompson, A. M., Stauffer, R. M., Wolfe, G. M., Flynn, J., Pusede, S. E., Judd, L. M., Moore, W., Baker, B. D., Al-Saadi, J., and McGee, T. J.: The Ozone Water–Land Environmental Transition Study: An Innovative Strategy for Understanding Chesapeake Bay Pollution Events, B. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 100, 291–306, https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-18-0025.1, 2019.
Sun, K., Zhu, L., Cady-Pereira, K., Chan Miller, C., Chance, K., Clarisse, L., Coheur, P.-F., González Abad, G., Huang, G., Liu, X., Van Damme, M., Yang, K., and Zondlo, M.: A physics-based approach to oversample multi-satellite, multispecies observations to a common grid, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 11, 6679–6701, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-11-6679-2018, 2018.
Tao, M., Fiore, A. M., Jin, X., Schiferl, L. D., Commane, R., Judd, L. M., Janz, S., Sullivan, J. T., Miller, P. J., Karambelas, A., Davis, S., Tzortziou, M., Valin, L., Whitehill, A., Civerolo, K., and Tian, Y.: Investigating Changes in Ozone Formation Chemistry during Summertime Pollution Events over the Northeastern United States, Environ. Sci. Technol., 56, 15312–15327, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.2c02972, 2022.
Tao, M., Fiore, A., Karambelas, A., Miller, P., Valin, L., Judd, L., Tzortziou, M., Whitehill, A., Teora, A., Tian, Y., Civerolo, K., Tong, D., Ma, S., Adamo, S., and Holloway, T.: Insights Into Summertime Surface Ozone Formation From Diurnal Variations in Formaldehyde and Nitrogen Dioxide Along a Transect Through New York City, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 130, https://doi.org/10.1029/2024JD040922, 2025.
Thompson, G., Field, P. R., Rasmussen, R. M., and Hall, W. D.: Explicit Forecasts of Winter Precipitation Using an Improved Bulk Microphysics Scheme. Part II: Implementation of a New Snow Parameterization, Mon. Weather Rev., 136, 5095–5115, https://doi.org/10.1175/2008MWR2387.1, 2008.
Tie, X., Madronich, S., Walters, S., Zhang, R., Rasch, P., and Collins, W.: Effect of clouds on photolysis and oxidants in the troposphere, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 108, https://doi.org/10.1029/2003JD003659, 2003.
Torres-Vazquez, A., Pleim, J., Gilliam, R., and Pouliot, G.: Performance Evaluation of the Meteorology and Air Quality Conditions From Multiscale WRF-CMAQ Simulations for the Long Island Sound Tropospheric Ozone Study (LISTOS), J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 127, e2021JD035890, https://doi.org/10.1029/2021JD035890, 2022.
Travis, K. R. and Jacob, D. J.: Systematic bias in evaluating chemical transport models with maximum daily 8 h average (MDA8) surface ozone for air quality applications: a case study with GEOS-Chem v9.02, Geosci. Model Dev., 12, 3641–3648, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-12-3641-2019, 2019.
Tucker, S. C., Banta, R. M., Langford, A. O., Senff, C. J., Brewer, W. A., Williams, E. J., Lerner, B. M., Osthoff, H. D., and Hardesty, R. M.: Relationships of coastal nocturnal boundary layer winds and turbulence to Houston ozone concentrations during TexAQS 2006, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 115, https://doi.org/10.1029/2009JD013169, 2010.
Tzortziou, M., Loughner, C. P., Goldberg, D. L., Judd, L., Nauth, D., Kwong, C. F., Lin, T., Cede, A., and Abuhassan, N.: Intimately tracking NO2 pollution over the New York City - Long Island Sound land-water continuum: An integration of shipboard, airborne, satellite observations, and models, Sci. Total Environ., 897, 165144, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165144, 2023.
U.S. EPA: Integrated Science Assessment (ISA) for ozone and related photochemical oxidants (final report, April 2020, re-posted with errata September 2021), EPA/600/R-20/012, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC, https://www.epa.gov/isa/integrated-science-assessment-isa-ozone-and-related-photochemical-oxidants (last access: 29 October 2025), 2020.
U.S. EPA: 8-hour ozone nonattainment areas for criteria pollutants (Green Book), https://www.epa.gov/green-book (last access: 6 June 2025), 2023.
Wang, B., Geddes, J. A., Adams, T. J., Lind, E. S., McDonald, B. C., He, J., Harkins, C., Li, D., and Pfister, G. G.: Implications of Sea Breezes on Air Quality Monitoring in a Coastal Urban Environment: Evidence From High Resolution Modeling of NO2 and O3, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 128, e2022JD037860, https://doi.org/10.1029/2022JD037860, 2023.
Wiedinmyer, C. and Emmons, L.: Fire Inventory from NCAR version 2 Fire Emission, Research Data Archive at the National Center for Atmospheric Research, Computational and Information Systems Laboratory [data set], https://doi.org/10.5065/XNPA-AF09, 2022.
Wong, J., Barth, M. C., and Noone, D.: Evaluating a lightning parameterization based on cloud-top height for mesoscale numerical model simulations, Geosci. Model Dev., 6, 429–443, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-6-429-2013, 2013.
Wu, Y., Arapi, A., Huang, J., Gross, B., and Moshary, F.: Intra-continental wildfire smoke transport and impact on local air quality observed by ground-based and satellite remote sensing in New York City, Atmos. Environ., 187, 266–281, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2018.06.006, 2018.
Yang, Z., Demoz, B., Delgado, R., Sullivan, J., Tangborn, A., and Lee, P.: Influence of the transported Canadian wildfire smoke on the ozone and particle pollution over the Mid-Atlantic United States, Atmos. Environ., 273, 118940, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2022.118940, 2022.
Yerramilli, A., Challa, V. S., Dodla, V. B. R., Myles, L., Pendergrass, W. R., Vogel, C. A., Tuluri, F., Baham, J. M., Hughes, R., Patrick, C., Young, J., and Swanier, S.: Simulation of surface ozone pollution in the Central Gulf Coast region during summer synoptic condition using WRF/Chem air quality model, Atmos. Pollut. Res., 3, 55–71, https://doi.org/10.5094/APR.2012.005, 2012.
Zaveri, R. A., Easter, R. C., Fast, J. D., and Peters, L. K.: Model for Simulating Aerosol Interactions and Chemistry (MOSAIC), J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 113, D13204, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007JD008782, 2008.
Zhang, J., Ninneman, M., Joseph, E., Schwab, M. J., Shrestha, B., and Schwab, J. J.: Mobile Laboratory Measurements of High Surface Ozone Levels and Spatial Heterogeneity During LISTOS 2018: Evidence for Sea Breeze Influence, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 125, e2019JD031961, https://doi.org/10.1029/2019JD031961, 2020.
Zhang, J., Catena, A., Shrestha, B., Freedman, J., McCabe, E., Schwab, M. J., Felton, D., Kent, J., Gaza, B., and Schwab, J. J.: Unraveling the interaction of urban emission plumes and marine breezes involved in the formation of summertime coastal high ozone on Long Island, Environ. Sci.: Atmos., 2, 1438–1449, https://doi.org/10.1039/D2EA00061J, 2022.
Zhao, K., Wu, Y., Huang, J., Jiang, R., Gronoff, G., Berkoff, T. A., and Moshary, F.: Variation of Ozone and PBL from the Lidar Observations and WRF-Chem Model in NYC Area During the 2018 Summer LISTOS Campaign, EPJ Web Conf., 237, 08027, https://doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202023708027, 2020.
Zheng, Z., Zhang, H., Qian, H., Li, J., Yu, T., and Liu, C.: Emission characteristics of formaldehyde from natural gas combustion and effects of hood exhaust in Chinese kitchens, Sci. Total Environ., 838, 156614, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156614, 2022.
Zhu, L., González Abad, G., Nowlan, C. R., Chan Miller, C., Chance, K., Apel, E. C., DiGangi, J. P., Fried, A., Hanisco, T. F., Hornbrook, R. S., Hu, L., Kaiser, J., Keutsch, F. N., Permar, W., St. Clair, J. M., and Wolfe, G. M.: Validation of satellite formaldehyde (HCHO) retrievals using observations from 12 aircraft campaigns, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 12329–12345, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-12329-2020, 2020.
Zoogman, P., Liu, X., Suleiman, R. M., Pennington, W. F., Flittner, D. E., Al-Saadi, J. A., Hilton, B. B., Nicks, D. K., Newchurch, M. J., Carr, J. L., Janz, S. J., Andraschko, M. R., Arola, A., Baker, B. D., Canova, B. P., Chan Miller, C., Cohen, R. C., Davis, J. E., Dussault, M. E., Edwards, D. P., Fishman, J., Ghulam, A., González Abad, G., Grutter, M., Herman, J. R., Houck, J., Jacob, D. J., Joiner, J., Kerridge, B. J., Kim, J., Krotkov, N. A., Lamsal, L., Li, C., Lindfors, A., Martin, R. V., McElroy, C. T., McLinden, C., Natraj, V., Neil, D. O., Nowlan, C. R., O'Sullivan, E. J., Palmer, P. I., Pierce, R. B., Pippin, M. R., Saiz-Lopez, A., Spurr, R. J. D., Szykman, J. J., Torres, O., Veefkind, J. P., Veihelmann, B., Wang, H., Wang, J., and Chance, K.: Tropospheric Emissions: Monitoring of Pollution (TEMPO), J. Quant. Spectrosc. Ra., 186, 17–39, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jqsrt.2016.05.008, 2017.
Zuo, X., Sun, W., De Smedt, I., Li, X., Liu, S., Pu, D., Sun, S., Li, J., Chen, Y., Fu, W., Zhang, P., Li, Y., Yang, X., Fu, T.-M., Shen, H., Ye, J., Wang, C., and Zhu, L.: Observing Downwind Structures of Urban HCHO Plumes From Space: Implications to Non-Methane Volatile Organic Compound Emissions, Geophys. Res. Lett., 50, e2023GL106062, https://doi.org/10.1029/2023GL106062, 2023.
Short summary
To investigate ozone pollution in a complex coastal urban environment, we combined NASA's Tropospheric Emissions: Monitoring of Pollution (TEMPO) satellite observations with aircraft, ground, and lidar measurements from the 2023 Synergistic TEMPO Air Quality Science (STAQS) campaign in the NYC–Long Island Sound region. We evaluated TEMPO's ability to capture ozone precursor variability and analyzed how meteorology and precursor transport drive day-to-day ozone changes.
To investigate ozone pollution in a complex coastal urban environment, we combined NASA's...
Altmetrics
Final-revised paper
Preprint