Articles | Volume 23, issue 15
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-8979-2023
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-8979-2023
Research article
 | 
11 Aug 2023
Research article |  | 11 Aug 2023

Direct observation for relative-humidity-dependent mixing states of submicron particles containing organic surfactants and inorganic salts

Chun Xiong, Binyu Kuang, Fei Zhang, Xiangyu Pei, Zhengning Xu, and Zhibin Wang

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Subject: Aerosols | Research Activity: Laboratory Studies | Altitude Range: Troposphere | Science Focus: Physics (physical properties and processes)
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Cited articles

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Altaf, M. B., Dutcher, D. D., Raymond, T. M., and Freedman, M. A.: Effect of Particle Morphology on Cloud Condensation Nuclei Activity, ACS Earth Space Chem., 2, 634–639, https://doi.org/10.1021/acsearthspacechem.7b00146, 2018. 
Bertram, A. K., Martin, S. T., Hanna, S. J., Smith, M. L., Bodsworth, A., Chen, Q., Kuwata, M., Liu, A., You, Y., and Zorn, S. R.: Predicting the Relative Humidities of Liquid-Liquid Phase Separation, Efflorescence, and Deliquescence of Mixed Particles of Ammonium Sulfate, Organic Material, and Water Using the Organic-to-Sulfate Mass Ratio of the Particle and the Oxygen-to-Carbon Elemental Ratio of the Organic Component, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 10995–11006, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-10995-2011, 2011. 
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Bruggemann, M., Xu, R. S., Tilgner, A., Kwong, K. C., Mutzel, A., Poon, H. Y., Otto, T., Schaefer, T., Poulain, L., Chan, M. N., and Herrmann, H.: Organosulfates in Ambient Aerosol: State of Knowledge and Future Research Directions on Formation, Abundance, Fate, and Importance, Environ. Sci. Technol., 54, 3767–3782, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.9b06751, 2020. 
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Short summary
In hydration, an apparent water diffusion hindrance by an organic surfactant shell was confirmed, raising the inorganic deliquescence relative humidity (RH) to a nearly saturated condition. In dehydration, phase separations were observed for inorganic surfactant systems, showing a strong dependence on the organic molecular oxygen-to-carbon ratio. Our results could improve fundamental knowledge about aerosol mixing states and decrease uncertainty in model estimations of global radiative effects.
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