Articles | Volume 23, issue 2
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-1565-2023
© Author(s) 2023. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-1565-2023
© Author(s) 2023. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
27 Jan 2023
Research article |
| 27 Jan 2023
| 27 Jan 2023
Fates of secondary organic aerosols in the atmosphere identified from compound-specific dual-carbon isotope analysis of oxalic acid
Buqing Xu
State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of
Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
CAS Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou 510640,
China
Jiao Tang
State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of
Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
CAS Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou 510640,
China
Tiangang Tang
State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of
Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region,
Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha,
410125, China
Shizhen Zhao
State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of
Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
CAS Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou 510640,
China
Guangcai Zhong
State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of
Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
CAS Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou 510640,
China
Sanyuan Zhu
State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of
Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
CAS Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou 510640,
China
State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of
Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
CAS Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou 510640,
China
Gan Zhang
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of
Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
CAS Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou 510640,
China
Related authors
No articles found.
Yangzhi Mo, Jun Li, Guangcai Zhong, Sanyuan Zhu, Shizhen Zhao, Jiao Tang, Hongxing Jiang, Zhineng Cheng, Chongguo Tian, Yingjun Chen, and Gan Zhang
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-130, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-130, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
In this study, we found that biomass burning (31.0 %) and coal combustion (31.1 %), were the dominant sources of water-insoluble organic carbon in China, with coal combustion sources exhibited the strongest light-absorbing capacity. Additionally, we propose a light-absorbing carbonaceous continuum, revealing that components enriched with fossil sources tend to have stronger light-absorbing capacity, higher aromaticity, higher molecular weights, and greater recalcitrance in the atmosphere.
Wenwen Ma, Rong Sun, Xiaoping Wang, Zheng Zong, Shizhen Zhao, Zeyu Sun, Chongguo Tian, Jianhui Tang, Song Cui, Jun Li, and Gan Zhang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 1509–1523, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-1509-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-1509-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This is the first report of long-term atmospheric PAH monitoring around the Bohai Sea. The results showed that the concentrations of PAHs in the atmosphere around the Bohai Sea decreased from June 2014 to May 2019, especially the concentrations of highly toxic PAHs. This indicates that the contributions from PAH sources changed to a certain extent in different areas, and it also led to reductions in the related health risk and medical costs following pollution prevention and control.
Zeyu Sun, Zheng Zong, Yang Tan, Chongguo Tian, Zeyu Liu, Fan Zhang, Rong Sun, Yingjun Chen, Jun Li, and Gan Zhang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 12851–12865, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-12851-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-12851-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This is the first report of ship-emitted nitrogen stable isotope composition (δ15N) of nitrogen oxides (NOx). The results showed that δ15N–NOx from ships was −18.5 ± 10.9 ‰ and increased monotonically with tightening emission regulations. The selective catalytic reduction system was the most vital factor. The temporal variation in δ15N–NOx was evaluated and can be used to select suitable δ15N–NOx for a more accurate assessment of the contribution of ship-emitted exhaust to atmospheric NOx.
Xiangyun Zhang, Jun Li, Sanyuan Zhu, Junwen Liu, Ping Ding, Shutao Gao, Chongguo Tian, Yingjun Chen, Ping'an Peng, and Gan Zhang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 7495–7502, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-7495-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-7495-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The results show that 14C elemental carbon (EC) was not only related to the isolation method but also to the types and proportions of the biomass sources in the sample. The hydropyrolysis (Hypy) method, which can be used to isolate a highly stable portion of ECHypy and avoid charring, is a more effective and stable approach for the matrix-independent 14C quantification of EC in aerosols, and the 13C–ECHypy and non-fossil ECHypy values of SRM1649b were –24.9 ‰ and 11 %, respectively.
Tingting Li, Jun Li, Zeyu Sun, Hongxing Jiang, Chongguo Tian, and Gan Zhang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 6395–6407, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-6395-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-6395-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
N-NH4+ and N-NO3- were vital components in nitrogenous aerosols and contributed 69 % to total nitrogen in PM2.5. Coal combustion was still the most important source of urban atmospheric NO3-. However, the non-agriculture sources play an increasingly important role in NH4+ emissions.
Jiao Tang, Jun Li, Shizhen Zhao, Guangcai Zhong, Yangzhi Mo, Hongxing Jiang, Bin Jiang, Yingjun Chen, Jianhui Tang, Chongguo Tian, Zheng Zong, Jabir Hussain Syed, Jianzhong Song, and Gan Zhang
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-403, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-403, 2023
Preprint archived
Short summary
Short summary
This study provides a comprehensive molecular identification of atmospheric common fluorescent components and deciphers their related formation pathways. The fluorescent components varied in molecular composition, and a dominant oxidation pathway for the formation of humic-like fluorescent components was suggested, notwithstanding their different precursor types. Our findings are expected to be helpful to further studies using the EEM-PARAFAC as a tool to study atmospheric BrC.
Tao Cao, Meiju Li, Cuncun Xu, Jianzhong Song, Xingjun Fan, Jun Li, Wanglu Jia, and Ping'an Peng
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 2613–2625, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-2613-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-2613-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This work comprehensively investigated the fluorescence data of light-absorbing organic compounds, water-soluble organic matter in different types of aerosol samples, soil dust, and fulvic and humic acids using an excitation–emission matrix (EEM) method and parallel factor modeling. The results revealed which light-absorbing species can be detected by EEM and also provided important information for identifying the chemical composition and possible sources of these species in atmospheric samples.
Chunlin Zou, Tao Cao, Meiju Li, Jianzhong Song, Bin Jiang, Wanglu Jia, Jun Li, Xiang Ding, Zhiqiang Yu, Gan Zhang, and Ping'an Peng
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 963–979, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-963-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-963-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
In this study, PM2.5 samples were obtained during a winter haze event in Guangzhou, China, and light absorption and molecular composition of humic-like substances (HULIS) were investigated by UV–Vis spectrophotometry and ultrahigh-resolution mass spectrometry. The findings obtained present some differences from the results reported in other regions of China and significantly enhanced our understanding of HULIS evolution during haze bloom-decay processes in the subtropic region of southern China.
Hongxing Jiang, Jun Li, Jiao Tang, Min Cui, Shizhen Zhao, Yangzhi Mo, Chongguo Tian, Xiangyun Zhang, Bin Jiang, Yuhong Liao, Yingjun Chen, and Gan Zhang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 6919–6935, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-6919-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-6919-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We conducted field observation employing Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry to characterize the molecular composition and major formation pathways or sources of organosulfur compounds in Guangzhou, where is heavily influenced by biogenic–anthropogenic interactions and has high relative humidity and temperature. We suggested that heterogeneous reactions such as SO2 uptake and heterogeneous oxidations are important to the molecular variations of organosulfur compounds.
Jiao Tang, Jiaqi Wang, Guangcai Zhong, Hongxing Jiang, Yangzhi Mo, Bolong Zhang, Xiaofei Geng, Yingjun Chen, Jianhui Tang, Congguo Tian, Surat Bualert, Jun Li, and Gan Zhang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 11337–11352, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-11337-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-11337-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
This article provides a combined EEM–PARAFAC and statistical analysis method to explore how excitation–emission matrix (EEM) chromophores influence BrC light absorption in soluble organic matter. The application enables us to deduce that BrC absorption is mainly dependent on longer-emission-wavelength chromophores largely associated with biomass burning emissions. This method promotes the application of EEM spectroscopy and helps us understand the light absorption of BrC in the atmosphere.
Xuewu Fu, Chen Liu, Hui Zhang, Yue Xu, Hui Zhang, Jun Li, Xiaopu Lyu, Gan Zhang, Hai Guo, Xun Wang, Leiming Zhang, and Xinbin Feng
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 6721–6734, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-6721-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-6721-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
TGM concentrations and isotopic compositions in 10 Chinese cities showed strong seasonality with higher TGM concentrations and Δ199Hg and lower δ202Hg in summer. We found the seasonal variations in TGM concentrations and isotopic compositions were highly related to regional surface Hg(0) emissions, suggesting land surface Hg(0) emissions are an important source of atmospheric TGM that contribute dominantly to the seasonal variations in TGM concentrations and isotopic compositions.
Jiao Tang, Jun Li, Tao Su, Yong Han, Yangzhi Mo, Hongxing Jiang, Min Cui, Bin Jiang, Yingjun Chen, Jianhui Tang, Jianzhong Song, Ping'an Peng, and Gan Zhang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 2513–2532, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-2513-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-2513-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
We investigated the light absorption, fluorescence, and molecular composition of dissolved organic carbon from the simulated combustion of biomass and coal and vehicle emissions with UV–vis spectra, EEM-PARAFAC, and FT-ICR MS. We observed high light absorption capacity from source emissions, and fluorescence spectra and molecular structures varied by source. We concluded that an EEM- and molecular-composition-based methodology could be helpful in the source apportionment of atmospheric aerosols.
Yu-Qing Zhang, Duo-Hong Chen, Xiang Ding, Jun Li, Tao Zhang, Jun-Qi Wang, Qian Cheng, Hao Jiang, Wei Song, Yu-Bo Ou, Peng-Lin Ye, Gan Zhang, and Xin-Ming Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 14403–14415, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-14403-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-14403-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
BSOA formation is affected by human activities, which are not well understood in polluted areas. In the polluted PRD region, we find that monoterpene SOA is aged, which probably results from high Ox and sulfate levels. NOx levels significantly affect isoprene SOA formation pathways. An unexpected increase of β-caryophyllene SOA in winter is also highly associated with enhanced biomass burning, Ox, and sulfate. Our results indicate that BSOA could be reduced by lowering anthropogenic emissions.
Min Cui, Cheng Li, Yingjun Chen, Fan Zhang, Jun Li, Bin Jiang, Yangzhi Mo, Jia Li, Caiqing Yan, Mei Zheng, Zhiyong Xie, Gan Zhang, and Junyu Zheng
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 13945–13956, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-13945-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-13945-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Refined source apportionment is urgently needed but hard to achieve due to a lack of specific biomarkers. Recently, Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry has been used to analyse the probable chemical structure of polar organic matter emitted from off-road engines. We found more condensed aromatic rings in S-containing compounds for HFO-fueled vessels, while more abundant aliphatic chains were observed in emissions from diesel equipment.
Di Liu, Matthias Vonwiller, Jun Li, Junwen Liu, Sönke Szidat, Yanlin Zhang, Chongguo Tian, Yinjun Chen, Zhineng Cheng, Guangcai Zhong, Pingqing Fu, and Gan Zhang
Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2018-295, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2018-295, 2018
Revised manuscript not accepted
Di Liu, Jun Li, Zhineng Cheng, Guangcai Zhong, Sanyuan Zhu, Ping Ding, Chengde Shen, Chongguo Tian, Yingjun Chen, Guorui Zhi, and Gan Zhang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 11491–11502, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-11491-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-11491-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
To elucidate the carbon sources of air pollution, source apportionment was conducted using radiocarbon and unique molecular organic tracers during the beginning of winter 2013 in 10 Chinese cities. The results indicated that non-fossil-fuel (NF) emissions were predominant. During haze episodes, there were no dramatic changes in the carbon source or composition in the cities under study, but the contribution of primary OC from both fossil fuel and NF increased significantly.
Yunhua Chang, Congrui Deng, Fang Cao, Chang Cao, Zhong Zou, Shoudong Liu, Xuhui Lee, Jun Li, Gan Zhang, and Yanlin Zhang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 9945–9964, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-9945-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-9945-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
This paper presents the results from a 5-year and near-real-time measurement study of carbonaceous aerosols in PM2.5 conducted at an urban site in Shanghai. Moreover, we integrated the results from historical field measurements and satellite observations, concluding that carbonaceous aerosol pollution in Shanghai has gradually reduced since 2006. This can be largely explained by the introduction of air-cleaning measures such as controlling vehicular emissions.
Jianzhong Sun, Guorui Zhi, Regina Hitzenberger, Yingjun Chen, Chongguo Tian, Yayun Zhang, Yanli Feng, Miaomiao Cheng, Yuzhe Zhang, Jing Cai, Feng Chen, Yiqin Qiu, Zhiming Jiang, Jun Li, Gan Zhang, and Yangzhi Mo
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 4769–4780, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-4769-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-4769-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
This paper investigates the emission factors and the light absorption properties of brown carbon (BrC) from China’s household coal burning. Seven coals of various ranks were burned in four typical stoves as both chunk and briquette styles. The optical integrating sphere (IS) method was employed to quantify BrC and black carbon (BC). We conclude that, in the scenario of current household coal burning in China, solar light absorption by BrC accounts for 26.5 % of the total absorption.
Zheng Zong, Xiaoping Wang, Chongguo Tian, Yingjun Chen, Lin Qu, Ling Ji, Guorui Zhi, Jun Li, and Gan Zhang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 11249–11265, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-11249-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-11249-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
We explore the source apportionment of PM2.5 in North China in winter using an original combination method, and coal combustion, biomass burning and vehicle emissions are identified as the largest contributors of PM2.5, accounting for 29.6, 19.3 and 15.8 %, respectively. Biomass burning emission was highlighted in the present study because of its dominant contribution to the PM2.5 burden in the Shandong Peninsula and because it is neglected in the air pollution control program.
Fan Zhang, Yingjun Chen, Chongguo Tian, Diming Lou, Jun Li, Gan Zhang, and Volker Matthias
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 6319–6334, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-6319-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-6319-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
In this study, on-board tests of three offshore vessels in China have been carried out for the first time. Emission factors for gaseous species, PM, and relevant chemical components (OC, EC, metal elements, and water soluble ions) in different operating modes are given, which means a lot for estimating contributions of ships to atmosphere and calculating emission inventories of ships. Additionally, impacts of engine speed on NOx emission factors are discussed for the first time.
Junwen Liu, Jun Li, Di Liu, Ping Ding, Chengde Shen, Yangzhi Mo, Xinming Wang, Chunling Luo, Zhineng Cheng, Sönke Szidat, Yanlin Zhang, Yingjun Chen, and Gan Zhang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 2985–2996, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-2985-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-2985-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Many Chinese cities now are suffering the high loadings of fine particular matters, which can bring a lot of negative impacts on air quality, human health, and the climate system. The Chinese government generally focuses on the control of the emissions from vehicles and industry. Our results evidently show that the burning of biomass materials such as wood and agricultural residues can lead to the urban air pollution in China. The characteristic of haze covering China is distinct from regions.
Related subject area
Subject: Aerosols | Research Activity: Field Measurements | Altitude Range: Troposphere | Science Focus: Chemistry (chemical composition and reactions)
Measurement report: Evaluation of the TOF-ACSM-CV for PM1.0 and PM2.5 measurements during the RITA-2021 field campaign
Sea salt reactivity over the northwest Atlantic: an in-depth look using the airborne ACTIVATE dataset
Measurement report: Atmospheric ice nuclei in the Changbai Mountains (2623 m a.s.l.) in northeastern Asia
Morphological and optical properties of carbonaceous aerosol particles from ship emissions and biomass burning during a summer cruise measurement in the South China Sea
Tropical tropospheric aerosol sources and chemical composition observed at high altitude in the Bolivian Andes
Chemical composition, sources and formation mechanism of urban PM2.5 in Southwest China: a case study at the beginning of 2023
Chemical characterization of atmospheric aerosols at a high-altitude mountain site: a study of source apportionment
Composition and sources of carbonaceous aerosol in the European Arctic at Zeppelin Observatory, Svalbard (2017 to 2020)
Variation in chemical composition and volatility of oxygenated organic aerosol in different rural, urban, and mountain environments
Elucidating the mechanisms of atmospheric new particle formation in the highly polluted Po Valley, Italy
Roles of marine biota in the formation of atmospheric bioaerosols, cloud condensation nuclei, and ice-nucleating particles over the North Pacific Ocean, Bering Sea, and Arctic Ocean
Evolution of nucleophilic high molecular-weight organic compounds in ambient aerosols: a case study
Fractional solubility of iron in mineral dust aerosols over coastal Namibia: a link to marine biogenic emissions?
Real-world observations of reduced nitrogen and ultrafine particles in commercial cooking organic aerosol emissions
Source apportionment of PM2.5 in Montréal, Canada, and health risk assessment for potentially toxic elements
Physicochemical and temporal characteristics of individual atmospheric aerosol particles in urban Seoul during KORUS-AQ campaign: insights from single-particle analysis
Mass spectrometric analysis of unprecedented high levels of carbonaceous aerosol particles long-range transported from wildfires in the Siberian Arctic
Short-term source apportionment of fine particulate matter with time-dependent profiles using SoFi Pro: exploring the reliability of rolling positive matrix factorization (PMF) applied to bihourly molecular and elemental tracer data
Particulate-bound alkyl nitrate pollution and formation mechanisms in Beijing, China
Measurement report: Characteristics of nitrogen-containing organics in PM2.5 in Urumqi, northwest China: differential impacts of combustion of fresh and old-age biomass materials
Characterization of water-soluble brown carbon chromophores from wildfire plumes in the western USA using size-exclusion chromatography
Marine carbohydrates in Arctic aerosol particles and fog – diversity of oceanic sources and atmospheric transformations
Investigating the contribution of grown new particles to cloud condensation nuclei with largely varying preexisting particles – Part 1: Observational data analysis
Measurement report: Brown carbon aerosol in polluted urban air of the North China Plain – day–night differences in the chromophores and optical properties
Source apportionment of soot particles and aqueous-phase processing of black carbon coatings in an urban environment
Seasonal variations in composition and sources of atmospheric ultrafine particles in urban Beijing based on near-continuous measurements
Summertime response of ozone and fine particulate matter to mixing layer meteorology over the North China Plain
Trace elements in PM2.5 aerosols in East Asian outflow in the spring of 2018: emission, transport, and source apportionment
Measurement Report: Investigation on the sources and formation processes of dicarboxylic acids and related species in urban aerosols before and during the COVID-19 lockdown in Jinan, East China
pH dependence of brown-carbon optical properties in cloud water
Oxidative potential in rural, suburban and city centre atmospheric environments in central Europe
Secondary aerosol formation during a special dust transport event: impacts from unusually enhanced ozone and dust backflows over the ocean
Intra-event evolution of elemental and ionic concentrations in wet deposition in an urban environment
Spatial and diurnal variations of aerosol organosulfates in summertime Shanghai, China: potential influence of photochemical processes and anthropogenic sulfate pollution
Bayesian Inference-Based Estimation of Hourly Primary and Secondary Organic Carbon at Suburban Hong Kong: Multi-temporal Scale Variations and Evolution Characteristics during PM2.5 episodes
Chemical Properties and Single Particle Mixing State of Soot Aerosol in Houston during the TRACER Campaign
Simultaneous organic aerosol source apportionment at two Antarctic sites reveals large-scale and eco-region specific components
Characterizing water-soluble brown carbon in fine particles in four typical cities in northwestern China during wintertime: integrating optical properties with chemical processes
Chemical composition-dependent hygroscopic behavior of individual ambient aerosol particles collected at a coastal site
Gas–particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds when wildfire smoke comes to town
Enrichment of calcium in sea spray aerosol: insights from bulk measurements and individual particle analysis during the R/V Xuelong cruise in the summertime in Ross Sea, Antarctica
Source apportionment study on particulate air pollution in two high-altitude Bolivian cities: La Paz and El Alto
Morphological features and water solubility of iron in aged fine aerosol particles over the Indian Ocean
What chemical species are responsible for new particle formation and growth in the Netherlands? A hybrid positive matrix factorization (PMF) analysis using aerosol composition (ACSM) and size (SMPS)
Measurement report: Stoichiometry of dissolved iron and aluminum as an indicator of the factors controlling the fractional solubility of aerosol iron – results of the annual observations of size-fractionated aerosol particles in Japan
In-depth study of the formation processes of single atmospheric particles in the south-eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau
Climatology of aerosol properties at an atmospheric monitoring site on the northern California coast
Concurrent photochemical whitening and darkening of ambient brown carbon
High-time-resolution chemical composition and source apportionment of PM2.5 in northern Chinese cities: implications for policy
Measurement report: New insights into the mixing structures of black carbon on the eastern Tibetan Plateau – soot redistribution and fractal dimension enhancement by liquid–liquid phase separation
Xinya Liu, Bas Henzing, Arjan Hensen, Jan Mulder, Peng Yao, Danielle van Dinther, Jerry van Bronckhorst, Rujin Huang, and Ulrike Dusek
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 3405–3420, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-3405-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-3405-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We evaluated the time-of-flight aerosol chemical speciation monitor (TOF-ACSM) following the implementation of the PM2.5 aerodynamic lens and a capture vaporizer (CV). The results showed that it significantly improved the accuracy and precision of ACSM in the field observations. The paper elucidates the measurement outcomes of various instruments and provides an analysis of their biases. This comprehensive evaluation is expected to benefit the ACSM community and other aerosol field measurements.
Eva-Lou Edwards, Yonghoon Choi, Ewan C. Crosbie, Joshua P. DiGangi, Glenn S. Diskin, Claire E. Robinson, Michael A. Shook, Edward L. Winstead, Luke D. Ziemba, and Armin Sorooshian
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 3349–3378, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-3349-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-3349-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We investigate Cl− depletion in sea salt particles over the northwest Atlantic from December 2021 to June 2022 using an airborne dataset. Losses of Cl− are greatest in May and least in December–February and March. Inorganic acidic species can account for all depletion observed for December–February, March, and June near Bermuda but none in May. Quantifying Cl− depletion as a percentage captures seasonal trends in depletion but fails to convey the effects it may have on atmospheric oxidation.
Yue Sun, Yujiao Zhu, Yanbin Qi, Lanxiadi Chen, Jiangshan Mu, Ye Shan, Yu Yang, Yanqiu Nie, Ping Liu, Can Cui, Ji Zhang, Mingxuan Liu, Lingli Zhang, Yufei Wang, Xinfeng Wang, Mingjin Tang, Wenxing Wang, and Likun Xue
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 3241–3256, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-3241-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-3241-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Field observations were conducted at the summit of Changbai Mountain in northeast Asia. The cumulative number concentration of ice-nucleating particles (INPs) varied from 1.6 × 10−3 to 78.3 L−1 over the temperature range of −5.5 to −29.0 ℃. Biological INPs (bio-INPs) accounted for the majority of INPs, and the proportion exceeded 90% above −13.0 ℃. Planetary boundary layer height, valley breezes, and long-distance transport of air mass influence the abundance of bio-INPs.
Cuizhi Sun, Yongyun Zhang, Baoling Liang, Min Gao, Xi Sun, Fei Li, Xue Ni, Qibin Sun, Hengjia Ou, Dexian Chen, Shengzhen Zhou, and Jun Zhao
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 3043–3063, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-3043-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-3043-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
In a May–June 2021 expedition in the South China Sea, we analyzed black and brown carbon in marine aerosols, key to light absorption and climate impact. Using advanced in situ and microscope techniques, we observed particle size, structure, and tar balls mixed with various elements. Results showed biomass burning and fossil fuels majorly influence light absorption, especially during significant burning events. This research aids the understanding of carbonaceous aerosols' role in marine climate.
C. Isabel Moreno, Radovan Krejci, Jean-Luc Jaffrezo, Gaëlle Uzu, Andrés Alastuey, Marcos F. Andrade, Valeria Mardóñez, Alkuin Maximilian Koenig, Diego Aliaga, Claudia Mohr, Laura Ticona, Fernando Velarde, Luis Blacutt, Ricardo Forno, David N. Whiteman, Alfred Wiedensohler, Patrick Ginot, and Paolo Laj
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 2837–2860, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-2837-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-2837-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Aerosol chemical composition (ions, sugars, carbonaceous matter) from 2011 to 2020 was studied at Mt. Chacaltaya (5380 m a.s.l., Bolivian Andes). Minimum concentrations occur in the rainy season with maxima in the dry and transition seasons. The origins of the aerosol are located in a radius of hundreds of kilometers: nearby urban and rural areas, natural biogenic emissions, vegetation burning from Amazonia and Chaco, Pacific Ocean emissions, soil dust, and Peruvian volcanism.
Junke Zhang, Yunfei Su, Chunying Chen, Wenkai Guo, Qinwen Tan, Miao Feng, Danlin Song, Tao Jiang, Qiang Chen, Yuan Li, Wei Li, Yizhi Wang, Xiaojuan Huang, Lin Han, Wanqing Wu, and Gehui Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 2803–2820, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-2803-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-2803-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Typical haze events in Chengdu at the beginning of 2023 were investigated with bulk-chemical and single-particle analyses along with numerical model simulations. By integrating the obtained chemical composition, source, mixing state and numerical simulation results, we infer that Haze-1 was mainly caused by pollutants related to fossil fuel combustion, especially local mobile sources, while Haze-2 was triggered by the secondary pollutants, which mainly came from regional transmission.
Elena Barbaro, Matteo Feltracco, Fabrizio De Blasi, Clara Turetta, Marta Radaelli, Warren Cairns, Giulio Cozzi, Giovanna Mazzi, Marco Casula, Jacopo Gabrieli, Carlo Barbante, and Andrea Gambaro
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 2821–2835, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-2821-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-2821-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The study analyzed a year of atmospheric aerosol composition at Col Margherita in the Italian Alps. Over 100 chemical markers were identified, including major ions, organic compounds, and trace elements. It revealed sources of aerosol, highlighted impacts of Saharan dust events, and showed anthropogenic pollution's influence despite the site's remoteness. Enrichment factors emphasized non-natural sources of trace elements. Source apportionment identified four key factors affecting the area.
Karl Espen Yttri, Are Bäcklund, Franz Conen, Sabine Eckhardt, Nikolaos Evangeliou, Markus Fiebig, Anne Kasper-Giebl, Avram Gold, Hans Gundersen, Cathrine Lund Myhre, Stephen Matthew Platt, David Simpson, Jason D. Surratt, Sönke Szidat, Martin Rauber, Kjetil Tørseth, Martin Album Ytre-Eide, Zhenfa Zhang, and Wenche Aas
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 2731–2758, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-2731-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-2731-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We discuss carbonaceous aerosol (CA) observed at the high Arctic Zeppelin Observatory (2017 to 2020). We find that organic aerosol is a significant fraction of the Arctic aerosol, though less than sea salt aerosol and mineral dust, as well as non-sea-salt sulfate, originating mainly from anthropogenic sources in winter and from natural sources in summer, emphasizing the importance of wildfires for biogenic secondary organic aerosol and primary biological aerosol particles observed in the Arctic.
Wei Huang, Cheng Wu, Linyu Gao, Yvette Gramlich, Sophie L. Haslett, Joel Thornton, Felipe D. Lopez-Hilfiker, Ben H. Lee, Junwei Song, Harald Saathoff, Xiaoli Shen, Ramakrishna Ramisetty, Sachchida N. Tripathi, Dilip Ganguly, Feng Jiang, Magdalena Vallon, Siegfried Schobesberger, Taina Yli-Juuti, and Claudia Mohr
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 2607–2624, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-2607-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-2607-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We present distinct molecular composition and volatility of oxygenated organic aerosol particles in different rural, urban, and mountain environments. We do a comprehensive investigation of the relationship between the chemical composition and volatility of oxygenated organic aerosol particles across different systems and environments. This study provides implications for volatility descriptions of oxygenated organic aerosol particles in different model frameworks.
Jing Cai, Juha Sulo, Yifang Gu, Sebastian Holm, Runlong Cai, Steven Thomas, Almuth Neuberger, Fredrik Mattsson, Marco Paglione, Stefano Decesari, Matteo Rinaldi, Rujing Yin, Diego Aliaga, Wei Huang, Yuanyuan Li, Yvette Gramlich, Giancarlo Ciarelli, Lauriane Quéléver, Nina Sarnela, Katrianne Lehtipalo, Nora Zannoni, Cheng Wu, Wei Nie, Juha Kangasluoma, Claudia Mohr, Markku Kulmala, Qiaozhi Zha, Dominik Stolzenburg, and Federico Bianchi
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 2423–2441, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-2423-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-2423-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
By combining field measurements, simulations and recent chamber experiments, we investigate new particle formation (NPF) and growth in the Po Valley, where both haze and frequent NPF occur. Our results show that sulfuric acid, ammonia and amines are the dominant NPF precursors there. A high NPF rate and a lower condensation sink lead to a greater survival probability for newly formed particles, highlighting the importance of gas-to-particle conversion for aerosol concentrations.
Kaori Kawana, Fumikazu Taketani, Kazuhiko Matsumoto, Yutaka Tobo, Yoko Iwamoto, Takuma Miyakawa, Akinori Ito, and Yugo Kanaya
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 1777–1799, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-1777-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-1777-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Based on comprehensive shipborne observations, we found strong links between sea-surface biological materials and the formation of atmospheric fluorescent bioaerosols, cloud condensation nuclei, and ice-nucleating particles over the Arctic Ocean and Bering Sea during autumn 2019. Taking the wind-speed effect into account, we propose equations to approximate the links for this cruise, which can be used as a guide for modeling as well as for systematic comparisons with other observations.
Chen He, Hanxiong Che, Zier Bao, Yiliang Liu, Qing Li, Miao Hu, Jiawei Zhou, Shumin Zhang, Xiaojiang Yao, Quan Shi, Chunmao Chen, Yan Han, Lingshuo Meng, Xin Long, Fumo Yang, and Yang Chen
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 1627–1639, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-1627-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-1627-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We examined the daily evolution of high molecular-weight organic compounds with a molecular weight of up to 1000 Da in order to comprehend their behaviors in the atmosphere under actual conditions. These compounds were proven to undergo multi-generation oxidation, carboxylation, and nitrification via both day- and nighttime chemistry.
Karine Desboeufs, Paola Formenti, Raquel Torres-Sánchez, Kerstin Schepanski, Jean-Pierre Chaboureau, Hendrik Andersen, Jan Cermak, Stefanie Feuerstein, Benoit Laurent, Danitza Klopper, Andreas Namwoonde, Mathieu Cazaunau, Servanne Chevaillier, Anaïs Feron, Cécile Mirande-Bret, Sylvain Triquet, and Stuart J. Piketh
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 1525–1541, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-1525-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-1525-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study investigates the fractional solubility of iron (Fe) in dust particles along the coast of Namibia, a critical region for the atmospheric Fe supply of the South Atlantic Ocean. Our results suggest a possible two-way interplay whereby marine biogenic emissions from the coastal marine ecosystems into the atmosphere would increase the solubility of Fe-bearing dust by photo-reduction processes. The subsequent deposition of soluble Fe could act to further enhance marine biogenic emissions.
Sunhye Kim, Jo Machesky, Drew R. Gentner, and Albert A. Presto
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 1281–1298, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-1281-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-1281-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Cooking emissions are often an overlooked source of air pollution. We used a mobile lab to measure the characteristics of particles emitted from cooking sites in two cities. Our findings showed that cooking releases a substantial number of fine particles. While most emissions were similar, a bakery site showed distinctive chemical compositions with higher nitrogen compound levels. Thus, understanding the particle emissions from different cooking activities is crucial.
Nansi Fakhri, Robin Stevens, Arnold Downey, Konstantina Oikonomou, Jean Sciare, Charbel Afif, and Patrick L. Hayes
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 1193–1212, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-1193-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-1193-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We investigated the chemical composition of atmospheric fine particles, their emission sources, and the potential human health risk associated with trace elements in particles for an urban site in Montréal over a 3-month period (August–November). This study represents the first time that such extensive composition measurements were included in an urban source apportionment study in Canada, and it provides greater resolution of fine-particle sources than has been previously achieved in Canada.
Hanjin Yoo, Li Wu, Hong Geng, and Chul-Un Ro
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 853–867, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-853-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-853-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We conducted an investigation of atmospheric aerosols collected in Seoul, South Korea, during the KORUS-AQ campaign on a single-particle basis. We were able to identify their sources, the atmospheric fate, and the impacts of local emissions and long-range transport on aerosol composition. Additionally, we traced potential sources of non-exhaust heavy-metal particles. This comprehensive analysis provides valuable insights into the complex dynamics of urban aerosols.
Eric Schneider, Hendryk Czech, Olga Popovicheva, Marina Chichaeva, Vasily Kobelev, Nikolay Kasimov, Tatiana Minkina, Christopher Paul Rüger, and Ralf Zimmermann
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 553–576, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-553-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-553-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study provides insights into the complex chemical composition of long-range-transported wildfire plumes from Yakutia, which underwent different levels of atmospheric processing. With complementary mass spectrometric techniques, we improve our understanding of the chemical processes and atmospheric fate of wildfire plumes. Unprecedented high levels of carbonaceous aerosols crossed the polar circle with implications for the Arctic ecosystem and consequently climate.
Qiongqiong Wang, Shuhui Zhu, Shan Wang, Cheng Huang, Yusen Duan, and Jian Zhen Yu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 475–486, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-475-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-475-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We investigated short-term source apportionment of PM2.5 utilizing rolling positive matrix factorization (PMF) and online PM chemical speciation data, which included source-specific organic tracers collected over a period of 37 d during the winter of 2019–2020 in suburban Shanghai, China. The findings highlight that by imposing constraints on the primary source profiles, short-term PMF analysis successfully replicated both the individual primary sources and the total secondary sources.
Jiyuan Yang, Guoyang Lei, Jinfeng Zhu, Yutong Wu, Chang Liu, Kai Hu, Junsong Bao, Zitong Zhang, Weili Lin, and Jun Jin
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 123–136, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-123-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-123-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The atmospheric pollution and formation mechanisms of particulate-bound alkyl nitrate in Beijing were studied. C9–C16 long-chain n-alkyl nitrates negatively correlated with O3 but positively correlated with PM2.5 and NO2, so they may not be produced during gas-phase homogeneous reactions in the photochemical process but form through reactions between alkanes and nitrates on PM surfaces. Particulate-bound n-alkyl nitrates strongly affect both haze pollution and atmospheric visibility.
Yi-Jia Ma, Yu Xu, Ting Yang, Hong-Wei Xiao, and Hua-Yun Xiao
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2514, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2514, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study provides the field evidence on the differential impacts of combustion of fresh and old-age biomass materials on aerosol NOCs, bridging the linkages between the observations and previous laboratory studies showing the formation mechanisms of NOCs.
Lisa Azzarello, Rebecca A. Washenfelder, Michael A. Robinson, Alessandro Franchin, Caroline C. Womack, Christopher D. Holmes, Steven S. Brown, Ann Middlebrook, Tim Newberger, Colm Sweeney, and Cora J. Young
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 15643–15654, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-15643-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-15643-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We present a molecular size-resolved offline analysis of water-soluble brown carbon collected on an aircraft during FIREX-AQ. The smoke plumes were aged 0 to 5 h, where absorption was dominated by small molecular weight molecules, brown carbon absorption downwind did not consistently decrease, and the measurements differed from online absorption measurements of the same samples. We show how differences between online and offline absorption could be related to different measurement conditions.
Sebastian Zeppenfeld, Manuela van Pinxteren, Markus Hartmann, Moritz Zeising, Astrid Bracher, and Hartmut Herrmann
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 15561–15587, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-15561-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-15561-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Marine carbohydrates are produced in the surface of the ocean, enter the atmophere as part of sea spray aerosol particles, and potentially contribute to the formation of fog and clouds. Here, we present the results of a sea–air transfer study of marine carbohydrates conducted in the high Arctic. Besides a chemo-selective transfer, we observed a quick atmospheric aging of carbohydrates, possibly as a result of both biotic and abiotic processes.
Xing Wei, Yanjie Shen, Xiao-Ying Yu, Yang Gao, Huiwang Gao, Ming Chu, Yujiao Zhu, and Xiaohong Yao
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 15325–15350, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-15325-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-15325-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We investigate the contribution of grown new particles to Nccn at a rural mountain site in the North China Plain. The total particle number concentrations (Ncn) observed on 8 new particle formation (NPF) days were higher compared to non-NPF days. The Nccn at 0.2 % supersaturation (SS) and 0.4 % SS on the NPF days was significantly lower than on non-NPF days. Only one of eight NPF events had detectable net contributions to Nccn at 0.4 % SS and 1.0 % SS with increased κ values.
Yuquan Gong, Ru-Jin Huang, Lu Yang, Ting Wang, Wei Yuan, Wei Xu, Wenjuan Cao, Yang Wang, and Yongjie Li
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 15197–15207, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-15197-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-15197-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This study reveals the large day–night differences in brown carbon (BrC) chromophore composition, which was not known previously. The results provide insights into the effects of atmospheric processes and emissions on BrC composition.
Ryan N. Farley, Sonya Collier, Christopher D. Cappa, Leah R. Williams, Timothy B. Onasch, Lynn M. Russell, Hwajin Kim, and Qi Zhang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 15039–15056, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-15039-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-15039-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Soot particles, also known as black carbon (BC), have important implications for global climate and regional air quality. After the particles are emitted, BC can be coated with other material, impacting the aerosol properties. We selectively measured the composition of particles containing BC to explore their sources and chemical transformations in the atmosphere. We focus on a persistent, multiday fog event in order to study the effects of chemical reactions occurring within liquid droplets.
Xiaoxiao Li, Yijing Chen, Yuyang Li, Runlong Cai, Yiran Li, Chenjuan Deng, Jin Wu, Chao Yan, Hairong Cheng, Yongchun Liu, Markku Kulmala, Jiming Hao, James N. Smith, and Jingkun Jiang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 14801–14812, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-14801-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-14801-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Near-continuous measurements show the composition, sources, and seasonal variations of ultrafine particles (UFPs) in urban Beijing. Vehicle and cooking emissions and new particle formation are the main sources of UFPs, and aqueous/heterogeneous processes increase UFP mode diameters. UFPs are the highest in winter due to the highest primary particle emission rates and new particle formation rates, and CHO fractions are the highest in summer due to the strongest photooxidation.
Jiaqi Wang, Jian Gao, Fei Che, Xin Yang, Yuanqin Yang, Lei Liu, Yan Xiang, and Haisheng Li
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 14715–14733, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-14715-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-14715-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Regional-scale observations of surface O3, PM2.5 and its major chemical species, mixing layer height (MLH), and other meteorological parameters were made in the North China Plain during summer. Unlike the cold season, synchronized increases in MDA8 O3 and PM2.5 under medium MLH conditions have been witnessed. The increasing trend of PM2.5 was associated with enhanced secondary chemical formation. The correlation between MLH and secondary air pollutants should be treated with care in hot seasons.
Takuma Miyakawa, Akinori Ito, Chunmao Zhu, Atsushi Shimizu, Erika Matsumoto, Yusuke Mizuno, and Yugo Kanaya
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 14609–14626, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-14609-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-14609-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This study conducted semi-continuous measurements of PM2.5 aerosols and their elemental composition in western Japan, during spring 2018. It analyzed the emissions, transport, and wet removal of elements such as Pb, Cu, Fe, and Mn. It also assessed the accuracy of modeled concentrations and found overestimations of BC and underestimations of Cu and anthropogenic Fe in East Asia. Insights into emissions, removals, and source apportionment of trace metals in the East Asian outflow were provided.
Jingjing Meng, Yachen Wang, Yuanyuan Li, Tonglin Huang, Zhifei Wang, Yiqiu Wang, Min Chen, Zhanfang Hou, Houhua Zhou, Keding Lu, Kimitaka Kawamura, and Pingqing Fu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 14481–14503, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-14481-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-14481-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This study investigated the effect of COVID-19 lockdown (LCD) measures on the formation and evolutionary process of diacids and related compounds from field observations. Results demonstrate that more aged organic aerosols are observed during the LCD due to the enhanced photochemical oxidation. Our study also found that the reactivity of 13C was higher than that of 12C in the gaseous photochemical oxidation, leading to higher δ13C values of C2 during the LCD than before the LCD.
Christopher J. Hennigan, Michael McKee, Vikram Pratap, Bryanna Boegner, Jasper Reno, Lucia Garcia, Madison McLaren, and Sara M. Lance
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 14437–14449, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-14437-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-14437-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This study characterized the optical properties of light-absorbing organic compounds, called brown carbon (BrC), in atmospheric cloud water samples. In all samples, light absorption by BrC increased linearly with increasing pH. There was variability in the sensitivity of the absorption–pH relationship, depending on the degree of influence from fire emissions. Overall, these results show that the climate forcing of BrC is quite strongly affected by its pH-dependent absorption.
Máté Vörösmarty, Gaëlle Uzu, Jean-Luc Jaffrezo, Pamela Dominutti, Zsófia Kertész, Enikő Papp, and Imre Salma
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 14255–14269, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-14255-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-14255-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Poor air quality caused by high concentrations of particulate matter is one of the most severe public health concerns for humans worldwide. One of the most important biological mechanisms inducing adverse health effects is the oxidant–antioxidant imbalance. We showed that the oxidative stress changed substantially and in a complex manner with location and season. Biomass burning exhibited the dominant influence, while motor vehicles played an important role in the non-heating period.
Da Lu, Hao Li, Mengke Tian, Guochen Wang, Xiaofei Qin, Na Zhao, Juntao Huo, Fan Yang, Yanfen Lin, Jia Chen, Qingyan Fu, Yusen Duan, Xinyi Dong, Congrui Deng, Sabur F. Abdullaev, and Kan Huang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 13853–13868, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-13853-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-13853-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Environmental conditions during dust are usually not favorable for secondary aerosol formation. However in this study, an unusual dust event was captured in a Chinese mega-city and showed “anomalous” meteorology and a special dust backflow transport pathway. The underlying formation mechanisms of secondary aerosols are probed in the context of this special dust event. This study shows significant implications for the varying dust aerosol chemistry in the future changing climate.
Thomas Audoux, Benoit Laurent, Karine Desboeufs, Gael Noyalet, Franck Maisonneuve, Olivier Lauret, and Servanne Chevaillier
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 13485–13503, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-13485-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-13485-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
In the Paris region, a campaign was conducted to study wet deposition of aerosol particles during rainfall events. Simultaneous measurements of aerosol and wet deposition allowed us to discuss their transfer from the atmosphere to rain. Chemical evolution within events revealed meteorology, atmospheric conditions and local vs. long range sources as key factors. This study highlights the variability of wet deposition and the need to consider event-specific factors to understand its mechanisms.
Ting Yang, Yu Xu, Qing Ye, Yi-Jia Ma, Yu-Chen Wang, Jian-Zhen Yu, Yu-Sen Duan, Chen-Xi Li, Hong-Wei Xiao, Zi-Yue Li, Yue Zhao, and Hua-Yun Xiao
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 13433–13450, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-13433-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-13433-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
In this study, 130 OS species were quantified in ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) collected in urban and suburban Shanghai (East China) in the summer of 2021. The daytime OS formation was concretized based on the interactions among OSs, ultraviolet (UV), ozone (O3), and sulfate. Our finding provides field evidence for the influence of photochemical process and anthropogenic sulfate on OS formation and has important implications for the mitigation of organic particulate pollution.
Shan Wang, Kezheng Liao, Zijing Zhang, Yuk Ying Cheng, Qiongqiong Wang, Hanzhe Chen, and Jian Zhen Yu
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2286, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2286, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
In this work, hourly primary and secondary organic carbon were estimated by a novel Bayesian inference approach in suburban Hong Kong. Their multi-temporal scale variations and evolution characteristics during PM2.5 episodes were examined. The methodology could serve as a guide for other locations with similar monitoring capabilities. The observation-based results are helpful for understanding the evolving nature of secondary organic aerosols and refining the accuracy of model simulations.
Ryan Farley, James Lee, Laura-Hélèna Rivellini, Alex Lee, Rachael Dal Porto, Christopher Cappa, Kyle Gorkowski, Abu Sayeed Md Shawon, Katherine Benedict, Allison Aiken, Manvendra Dubey, and Qi Zhang
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2328, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2328, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The black carbon aerosol composition and mixing state were characterized using a soot particle aerosol mass spectrometer. Single particle measurements revealed the major role of atmospheric processing in modulating the black carbon mixing state. A significant fraction of soot particles were internally mixed with oxidized organic aerosol and sulfate, with implications for activation as cloud nuclei.
Marco Paglione, David C. S. Beddows, Anna Jones, Thomas Lachlan-Cope, Matteo Rinaldi, Stefano Decesari, Francesco Manarini, Mara Russo, Karam Mansour, Roy M. Harrison, Andrea Mazzanti, Emilio Tagliavini, and Manuel Dall'Osto
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2275, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2275, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Applying factor analysis techniques to H-NMR spectra, we present the Organic Aerosol (OA) source apportionment of PM1 samples collected in parallel at two peri-Antarctic stations, namely Signy and Halley, important to investigate aerosol-climate interactions in an unperturbed atmosphere. Our results show remarkable differences between pelagic (open ocean) and sympagic (sea-ice influenced) air masses and indicate that various sources and processes are controlling Antarctic aerosols.
Miao Zhong, Jianzhong Xu, Huiqin Wang, Li Gao, Haixia Zhu, Lixiang Zhai, Xinghua Zhang, and Wenhui Zhao
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 12609–12630, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-12609-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-12609-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This study focus on coal-combustion-dominated aerosol in urban areas in northwestern China and combines the results of optical measurement and chemical analysis to deduce the evolution of these characteristics in the atmosphere, which has previously been unknown. The results provide insights into the effects of atmospheric processes and emissions on brown carbon properties.
Li Wu, Hyo-Jin Eom, Hanjin Yoo, Dhrubajyoti Gupta, Hye-Rin Cho, Pingqing Fu, and Chul-Un Ro
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 12571–12588, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-12571-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-12571-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Hygroscopicity of ambient marine aerosols is of critical relevance to investigate their atmospheric impacts, which, however, remain uncertain due to their complex compositions and mixing states. Therefore, a study on the hygroscopic behavior of ambient marine aerosols for understanding the phase states when interacting with water vapor at different RH levels and their subsequent impacts on the heterogeneous chemical reactions, atmospheric environment, and human health is of vital importance.
Yutong Liang, Rebecca A. Wernis, Kasper Kristensen, Nathan M. Kreisberg, Philip L. Croteau, Scott C. Herndon, Arthur W. H. Chan, Nga L. Ng, and Allen H. Goldstein
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 12441–12454, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-12441-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-12441-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We measured the gas–particle partitioning behaviors of biomass burning markers and examined the effect of wildfire organic aerosol on the partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds. Most compounds measured are less volatile than model predictions. Wildfire aerosol enhanced the condensation of polar compounds and caused some nonpolar (e.g., polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons) compounds to partition into the gas phase, thus affecting their lifetimes in the atmosphere and the mode of exposure.
Bojiang Su, Xinhui Bi, Zhou Zhang, Yue Liang, Congbo Song, Tao Wang, Yaohao Hu, Lei Li, Zhen Zhou, Jinpei Yan, Xinming Wang, and Guohua Zhang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 10697–10711, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-10697-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-10697-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
During the R/V Xuelong cruise observation over the Ross Sea, Antarctica, the mass concentrations of water-soluble Ca2+ and the mass spectra of individual calcareous particles were measured. Our results indicated that lower temperature, lower wind speed, and the presence of sea ice may facilitate Ca2+ enrichment in sea spray aerosols and highlighted the potential contribution of organically complexed calcium to calcium enrichment, which is inaccurate based solely on water-soluble Ca2+ estimation.
Valeria Mardoñez, Marco Pandolfi, Lucille Joanna S. Borlaza, Jean-Luc Jaffrezo, Andrés Alastuey, Jean-Luc Besombes, Isabel Moreno R., Noemi Perez, Griša Močnik, Patrick Ginot, Radovan Krejci, Vladislav Chrastny, Alfred Wiedensohler, Paolo Laj, Marcos Andrade, and Gaëlle Uzu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 10325–10347, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-10325-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-10325-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
La Paz and El Alto are two fast-growing, high-altitude Bolivian cities forming the second-largest metropolitan area in the country. The sources of particulate matter (PM) in this conurbation were not previously investigated. This study identified 11 main sources of PM, of which dust and vehicular emissions stand out as the main ones. The influence of regional biomass combustion and local waste combustion was also observed, with the latter being a major source of hazardous compounds.
Sayako Ueda, Yoko Iwamoto, Fumikazu Taketani, Mingxu Liu, and Hitoshi Matsui
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 10117–10135, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-10117-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-10117-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We examine iron in atmospheric fine aerosol particles collected over the Indian Ocean during shipborne observations in November 2018. Transmission electron microscopy analysis with water dialysis shows that various types of iron (fly ash, iron oxide, and mineral dust) co-exist with ammonium sulfate and that their solubility differs depending on the iron type. Using PM2.5 bulk samples and global model simulations, we elucidate their origins, aging, and implications for present iron simulations.
Farhan R. Nursanto, Roy Meinen, Rupert Holzinger, Maarten C. Krol, Xinya Liu, Ulrike Dusek, Bas Henzing, and Juliane L. Fry
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 10015–10034, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-10015-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-10015-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Particulate matter (PM) is a harmful air pollutant that depends on the complex mixture of natural and anthropogenic emissions into the atmosphere. Thus, in different regions and seasons, the way that PM is formed and grows can differ. In this study, we use a combined statistical analysis of the chemical composition and particle size distribution to determine what drives particle formation and growth across seasons, using varying wind directions to elucidate the role of different sources.
Kohei Sakata, Aya Sakaguchi, Yoshiaki Yamakawa, Chihiro Miyamoto, Minako Kurisu, and Yoshio Takahashi
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 9815–9836, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-9815-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-9815-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Anthropogenic iron is the dominant source of dissolved Fe in aerosol particles, but its contribution to dissolved Fe in aerosol particles has not been quantitatively evaluated. We established the molar concentration ratio of dissolved Fe to dissolved Al as a new indicator to evaluate the contribution of anthropogenic iron. As a result, about 10 % of dissolved Fe in aerosol particles was derived from anthropogenic iron when aerosol particles were transported from East Asia to the Pacific Ocean.
Li Li, Qiyuan Wang, Jie Tian, Huikun Liu, Yong Zhang, Steven Sai Hang Ho, Weikang Ran, and Junji Cao
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 9597–9612, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-9597-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-9597-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The Tibetan Plateau has a unique geographical location, but there is a lack of detailed research on the real-time characteristics of full aerosol composition. This study elaborates the changes in chemical characteristics between transport and local fine particles during the pre-monsoon, reveals the size distribution and the mixing states of different individual particles, and highlights the contributions of photooxidation and aqueous reaction to the formation of the secondary species.
Erin K. Boedicker, Elisabeth Andrews, Patrick J. Sheridan, and Patricia K. Quinn
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 9525–9547, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-9525-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-9525-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We present 15 years of measurements from a marine site on the northern California coast and characterize the seasonal trends of aerosol ion composition and optical properties at the site. We investigate the relationship between the chemical and optical properties and show that they both support similar seasonal variations in aerosol sources at the site. Additionally, we show through comparisons to other marine aerosol observations that the site is representative of a clean marine environment.
Qian Li, Dantong Liu, Xiaotong Jiang, Ping Tian, Yangzhou Wu, Siyuan Li, Kang Hu, Quan Liu, Mengyu Huang, Ruijie Li, Kai Bi, Shaofei Kong, Deping Ding, and Chenjie Yu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 9439–9453, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-9439-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-9439-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
By attributing the shortwave absorption from black carbon, primary organic aerosol and secondary organic aerosol in a suburban environment, we firstly observed that the photochemically produced nitrogen-containing secondary organic aerosol may contribute to the enhancement of brown carbon absorption, partly compensating for some bleaching effect on the absorption of primary organic aerosol, hereby exerting radiative impacts.
Yong Zhang, Jie Tian, Qiyuan Wang, Lu Qi, Manousos Ioannis Manousakas, Yuemei Han, Weikang Ran, Yele Sun, Huikun Liu, Renjian Zhang, Yunfei Wu, Tianqu Cui, Kaspar Rudolf Daellenbach, Jay Gates Slowik, André S. H. Prévôt, and Junji Cao
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 9455–9471, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-9455-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-9455-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
PM2.5 pollution still frequently occurs in northern China during winter, and it is necessary to figure out the causes of air pollution based on intensive real-time measurement. The findings elaborate the chemical characteristics and source contributions of PM2.5 in three pilot cities, reveal potential formation mechanisms of secondary aerosols, and highlight the importance of controlling biomass burning and inhibiting generation of secondary aerosol for air quality improvement.
Qi Yuan, Yuanyuan Wang, Yixin Chen, Siyao Yue, Jian Zhang, Yinxiao Zhang, Liang Xu, Wei Hu, Dantong Liu, Pingqing Fu, Huiwang Gao, and Weijun Li
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 9385–9399, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-9385-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-9385-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This study for the first time found large amounts of liquid–liquid phase separation particles with soot redistributing in organic coatings instead of sulfate cores in the eastern Tibetan Plateau atmosphere. The particle size and the ratio of the organic matter coating thickness to soot size are two of the major possible factors that likely affect the soot redistribution process. The soot redistribution process promoted the morphological compaction of soot particles.
Cited articles
Aggarwal, S. G. and Kawamura, K.: Molecular distributions and stable carbon
isotopic compositions of dicarboxylic acids and related compounds in
aerosols from Sapporo, Japan: Implications for photochemical aging during
long-range atmospheric transport, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 113, D14301,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2007jd009365, 2008.
Anderson, R. S., Huang, L., Iannone, R., Thompson, A. E., and Rudolph, J.:
Carbon Kinetic Isotope Effects in the Gas Phase Reactions of Light Alkanes
and Ethene with the OH Radical at 296 ± 4 K, J. Phys. Chem. A, 108,
11537–11544, https://doi.org/10.1021/jp0472008, 2004.
Andersson, A., Deng, J., Du, K., Zheng, M., Yan, C., Skold, M., and
Gustafsson, O.: Regionally-varying combustion sources of the January 2013
severe haze events over eastern China, Environ. Sci. Technol., 49,
2038–2043, https://doi.org/10.1021/es503855e, 2015.
Bikkina, S., Kawamura, K., Miyazaki, Y., and Fu, P.: High abundances of
oxalic, azelaic, and glyoxylic acids and methylglyoxal in the open ocean
with high biological activity: Implication for secondary OA formation from
isoprene, Geophys. Res. Lett., 41, 3649–3657, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014gl059913, 2014.
Bikkina, S., Kawamura, K., and Sarin, M.: Secondary organic aerosol
formation over coastal ocean: inferences from atmospheric water-soluble low
molecular weight organic compounds, Environ. Sci. Technol., 51, 4347–4357,
https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.6b05986, 2017a.
Bikkina, S., Andersson, A., Ram, K., Sarin, M. M., Sheesley, R. J.,
Kirillova, E. N., Rengarajan, R., Sudheer, A. K., and Gustafsson, Ö.:
Carbon isotope-constrained seasonality of carbonaceous aerosol sources from
an urban location (Kanpur) in the Indo-Gangetic Plain, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 122, 4903–4923, https://doi.org/10.1002/2016jd025634, 2017b.
Bikkina, S., Kawamura, K., Sakamoto, Y., and Hirokawa, J.: Low molecular
weight dicarboxylic acids, oxocarboxylic acids and α-dicarbonyls as
ozonolysis products of isoprene: Implication for the gaseous-phase formation
of secondary organic aerosols, Sci. Total Environ., 769, 144472,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144472, 2021.
Boreddy, S. K. R. and Kawamura, K.: Investigation on the hygroscopicity of
oxalic acid and atmospherically relevant oxalate salts under sub- and
supersaturated conditions, Environ. Sci.-Proc. Imp., 20, 1069–1080,
https://doi.org/10.1039/c8em00053k, 2018.
Bosch, C., Andersson, A., Kirillova, E. N., Budhavant, K., Tiwari, S.,
Praveen, P. S., Russell, L. M., Beres, N. D., Ramanathan, V., and
Gustafsson, Ö.: Source-diagnostic dual-isotope composition and optical
properties of water-soluble organic carbon and elemental carbon in the South
Asian outflow intercepted over the Indian Ocean, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos.,
119, 11743–11759, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014jd022127, 2014.
Cao, J.-J., Chow, J. C., Tao, J., Lee, S.-C., Watson, J. G., Ho, K.-F.,
Wang, G.-H., Zhu, C.-S., and Han, Y.-M.: Stable carbon isotopes in aerosols
from Chinese cities: Influence of fossil fuels, Atmos. Environ., 45,
1359–1363, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2010.10.056, 2011.
Carlton, A. G., Turpin, B. J., Altieri, K. E., Seitzinger, S., Reff, A.,
Lim, H.-J., and Ervens, B.: Atmospheric oxalic acid and SOA production from
glyoxal: Results of aqueous photooxidation experiments, Atmos. Environ., 41,
7588–7602, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2007.05.035, 2007.
Carlton, A. G., Wiedinmyer, C., and Kroll, J. H.: A review of Secondary Organic Aerosol (SOA) formation from isoprene, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 4987–5005, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-4987-2009, 2009.
Chang, X., Zhao, B., Zheng, H., Wang, S., Cai, S., Guo, F., Gui, P., Huang,
G., Wu, D., Han, L., Xing, J., Man, H., Hu, R., Liang, C., Xu, Q., Qiu, X.,
Ding, D., Liu, K., Han, R., Robinson, A. L., and Donahue, N. M.:
Full-volatility emission framework corrects missing and underestimated
secondary organic aerosol sources, One Earth, 5, 403–412,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oneear.2022.03.015, 2022.
Chen, Y., Guo, H., Nah, T., Tanner, D. J., Sullivan, A. P., Takeuchi, M.,
Gao, Z., Vasilakos, P., Russell, A. G., Baumann, K., Huey, L. G., Weber, R.
J., and Ng, N. L.: Low-Molecular-Weight Carboxylic Acids in the Southeastern
U.S.: Formation, Partitioning, and Implications for Organic Aerosol Aging,
Environ. Sci. Technol., 55, 6688–6699, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.1c01413, 2021.
Dasari, S., Andersson, A., Bikkina, S., Holmstrand, H., Budhavant, K.,
Satheesh, S., Asmi, E., Kesti, J., Backman, J., Salam, A., Bisht, D. S.,
Tiwari, S., Hameed, Z., and Gustafsson, Ö.: Photochemical degradation
affects the light absorption of water-soluble brown carbon in the South
Asian outflow, Sci. Adv., 5, eaau8066, https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aau8066, 2019.
Elmquist, M., Cornelissen, G., Kukulska, Z., and Gustafsson, O.: Distinct
oxidative stabilities of char versus soot black carbon: Implications for
quantification and environmental recalcitrance, Global Biogeochem. Cy.,
20, GB2009, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005gb002629, 2006.
Ervens, B., Turpin, B. J., and Weber, R. J.: Secondary organic aerosol formation in cloud droplets and aqueous particles (aqSOA): a review of laboratory, field and model studies, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 11069–11102, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-11069-2011, 2011.
Fang, W., Du, K., Andersson, A., Xing, Z., Cho, C., Kim, S.-W., Deng, J.,
and Gustafsson, Ö.: Dual-Isotope Constraints on Seasonally Resolved
Source Fingerprinting of Black Carbon Aerosols in Sites of the Four Emission
Hot Spot Regions of China, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 123, 11735–11747,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2018jd028607, 2018.
Fisseha, R., Spahn, H., Wegener, R., Hohaus, T., Brasse, G., Wissel, H.,
Tillmann, R., Wahner, A., Koppmann, R., and Kiendler-Scharr, A.: Stable
carbon isotope composition of secondary organic aerosol from β-pinene
oxidation, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 114, D02304, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008jd011326, 2009.
Fu, T.-M., Jacob, D. J., Wittrock, F., Burrows, J. P., Vrekoussis, M., and
Henze, D. K.: Global budgets of atmospheric glyoxal and methylglyoxal, and
implications for formation of secondary organic aerosols, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 113, D15303, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007jd009505, 2008.
Gkatzelis, G. I., Papanastasiou, D. K., Karydis, V. A., Hohaus, T., Liu, Y.,
Schmitt, S. H., Schlag, P., Fuchs, H., Novelli, A., Chen, Q., Cheng, X.,
Broch, S., Dong, H., Holland, F., Li, X., Liu, Y., Ma, X., Reimer, D.,
Rohrer, F., Shao, M., Tan, Z., Taraborrelli, D., Tillmann, R., Wang, H.,
Wang, Y., Wu, Y., Wu, Z., Zeng, L., Zheng, J., Hu, M., Lu, K., Hofzumahaus,
A., Zhang, Y., Wahner, A., and Kiendler-Scharr, A.: Uptake of water-soluble
gas-phase oxidation products drives organic particulate pollution in
Beijing, Geophys. Res. Lett., 48, e2020GL091351,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2020GL091351, 2021.
Gustafsson, Ö., Kruså, M., Zencak, Z., Sheesley, R. J., Granat, L.,
Engström, E., Praveen, P. S., Rao, P. S. P., Leck, C., and Rodhe, H.:
Brown Clouds over South Asia: Biomass or Fossil Fuel Combustion, Science,
323, 495–498, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1164857, 2009.
Hallquist, M., Wenger, J. C., Baltensperger, U., Rudich, Y., Simpson, D., Claeys, M., Dommen, J., Donahue, N. M., George, C., Goldstein, A. H., Hamilton, J. F., Herrmann, H., Hoffmann, T., Iinuma, Y., Jang, M., Jenkin, M. E., Jimenez, J. L., Kiendler-Scharr, A., Maenhaut, W., McFiggans, G., Mentel, Th. F., Monod, A., Prévôt, A. S. H., Seinfeld, J. H., Surratt, J. D., Szmigielski, R., and Wildt, J.: The formation, properties and impact of secondary organic aerosol: current and emerging issues, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 5155–5236, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-5155-2009, 2009.
Ho, K. F., Lee, S. C., Cao, J. J., Kawamura, K., Watanabe, T., Cheng, Y.,
and Chow, J. C.: Dicarboxylic acids, ketocarboxylic acids and dicarbonyls in
the urban roadside area of Hong Kong, Atmos. Environ., 40, 3030–3040,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2005.11.069, 2006.
Ho, K. F., Cao, J. J., Lee, S. C., Kawamura, K., Zhang, R. J., Chow, J. C.,
and Watson, J. G.: Dicarboxylic acids, ketocarboxylic acids, and dicarbonyls
in the urban atmosphere of China, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 112, D22S27,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2006JD008011, 2007.
Huang, L., Brook, J. R., Zhang, W., Li, S. M., Graham, L., Ernst, D.,
Chivulescu, A., and Lu, G.: Stable isotope measurements of carbon fractions
(OC/EC) in airborne particulate: A new dimension for source characterization
and apportionment, Atmos. Environ., 40, 2690–2705,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2005.11.062, 2006.
Huang, R.-J., Zhang, Y., Bozzetti, C., Ho, K.-F., Cao, J.-J., Han, Y.,
Daellenbach, K. R., Slowik, J. G., Platt, S. M., Canonaco, F., Zotter, P.,
Wolf, R., Pieber, S. M., Bruns, E. A., Crippa, M., Ciarelli, G.,
Piazzalunga, A., Schwikowski, M., Abbaszade, G., Schnelle-Kreis, J.,
Zimmermann, R., An, Z., Szidat, S., Baltensperger, U., El Haddad, I., and
Prevot, A. S. H.: High secondary aerosol contribution to particulate
pollution during haze events in China, Nature, 514, 218–222,
10.1038/nature13774, 2014.
Huang, X.-F. and Yu, J. Z.: Is vehicle exhaust a significant primary source
of oxalic acid in ambient aerosols?, Geophys. Res. Lett., 34, L02808,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2006gl028457, 2007.
Irei, S., Huang, L., Collin, F., Zhang, W., Hastie, D., and Rudolph, J.:
Flow reactor studies of the stable carbon isotope composition of secondary
particulate organic matter generated by OH-radical-induced reactions of
toluene, Atmos. Environ., 40, 5858–5867,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2006.05.001, 2006.
Kawamura, K. and Bikkina, S.: A review of dicarboxylic acids and related
compounds in atmospheric aerosols: Molecular distributions, sources and
transformation, Atmos. Res., 170, 140–160, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2015.11.018,
2016.
Kawashima, H. and Haneishi, Y.: Effects of combustion emissions from the
Eurasian continent in winter on seasonal δ13C of elemental carbon in
aerosols in Japan, Atmos. Environ., 46, 568–579,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2011.05.015, 2012.
Kirillova, E. N., Sheesley, R. J., Andersson, A., and Gustafsson, Ö.:
Natural abundance 13C and 14C analysis of water-soluble organic carbon in
atmospheric aerosols, Anal. Chem., 82, 7973, https://doi.org/10.1021/ac1014436, 2010.
Kirillova, E. N., Andersson, A., Sheesley, R. J., Kruså, M., Praveen, P.
S., Budhavant, K., Safai, P. D., Rao, P. S. P., and Gustafsson, Ö.: 13C-
and 14C-based study of sources and atmospheric processing of water-soluble
organic carbon (WSOC) in South Asian aerosols, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos.,
118, 614–626, https://doi.org/10.1002/jgrd.50130, 2013.
Kirillova, E. N., Andersson, A., Han, J., Lee, M., and Gustafsson, Ö.: Sources and light absorption of water-soluble organic carbon aerosols in the outflow from northern China, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 1413–1422, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-1413-2014, 2014a.
Kirillova, E. N., Andersson, A., Tiwari, S., Srivastava, A. K., Bisht, D.
S., and Gustafsson, O.: Water-soluble organic carbon aerosols during a full
New Delhi winter: Isotope-based source apportionment and optical properties,
J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 119, 3476–3485, https://doi.org/10.1002/2013jd020041, 2014b.
Lim, Y. B., Tan, Y., Perri, M. J., Seitzinger, S. P., and Turpin, B. J.: Aqueous chemistry and its role in secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 10521–10539, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-10521-2010, 2010.
Lim, Y. B., Tan, Y., and Turpin, B. J.: Chemical insights, explicit chemistry, and yields of secondary organic aerosol from OH radical oxidation of methylglyoxal and glyoxal in the aqueous phase, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 8651–8667, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-8651-2013, 2013.
Link, M. F., Brophy, P., Fulgham, S. R., Murschell, T., and Farmer, D. K.:
Isoprene versus Monoterpenes as Gas-Phase Organic Acid Precursors in the
Atmosphere, ACS Earth Space Chem., 5, 1600–1612,
https://doi.org/10.1021/acsearthspacechem.1c00093, 2021.
Liu, D., Li, J., Cheng, Z., Zhong, G., Zhu, S., Ding, P., Shen, C., Tian, C., Chen, Y., Zhi, G., and Zhang, G.: Sources of non-fossil-fuel emissions in carbonaceous aerosols during early winter in Chinese cities, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 11491–11502, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-11491-2017, 2017.
Liu, D., Vonwiller, M., Li, J., Liu, J., Szidat, S., Zhang, Y., Tian, C.,
Chen, Y., Cheng, Z., Zhong, G., Fu, P., and Zhang, G.: Fossil and Non-fossil
Fuel Sources of Organic and Elemental Carbonaceous Aerosol in Beijing,
Shanghai, and Guangzhou: Seasonal Carbon Source Variation, Aerosol Air Qual.
Res., 20, 2495–2506, https://doi.org/10.4209/aaqr.2019.12.0642, 2020.
Liu, J., Li, J., Zhang, Y., Liu, D., Ding, P., Shen, C., Shen, K., He, Q.,
Ding, X., Wang, X., Chen, D., Szidat, S., and Zhang, G.: Source
apportionment using radiocarbon and organic tracers for PM2.5 carbonaceous
aerosols in Guangzhou, South China: contrasting local- and regional-scale
haze events, Environ. Sci. Technol., 48, 12002–12011, https://doi.org/10.1021/es503102w,
2014.
Liu, J., Li, J., Liu, D., Ding, P., Shen, C., Mo, Y., Wang, X., Luo, C., Cheng, Z., Szidat, S., Zhang, Y., Chen, Y., and Zhang, G.: Source apportionment and dynamic changes of carbonaceous aerosols during the haze bloom-decay process in China based on radiocarbon and organic molecular tracers, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 2985–2996, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-2985-2016, 2016a.
Liu, J., Li, J., Vonwiller, M., Liu, D., Cheng, H., Shen, K., Salazar, G.,
Agrios, K., Zhang, Y., He, Q., Ding, X., Zhong, G., Wang, X., Szidat, S.,
and Zhang, G.: The importance of non-fossil sources in carbonaceous aerosols
in a megacity of central China during the 2013 winter haze episode: A source
apportionment constrained by radiocarbon and organic tracers, Atmos.
Environ., 144, 60–68, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2016.08.068, 2016b.
Lv, S., Wang, F., Wu, C., Chen, Y., Liu, S., Zhang, S., Li, D., Du, W.,
Zhang, F., Wang, H., Huang, C., Fu, Q., Duan, Y., and Wang, G.:
Gas-to-Aerosol Phase Partitioning of Atmospheric Water-Soluble Organic
Compounds at a Rural Site in China: An Enhancing Effect of NH3 on SOA
Formation, Environ. Sci. Technol., 56, 3915–3924, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.1c06855,
2022.
Martinelli, L. A., Camargo, P. B., Lara, L., Victoria, R. L., and Artaxo,
P.: Stable carbon and nitrogen isotopic composition of bulk aerosol
particles in a C4 plant landscape of southeast Brazil, Atmos. Environ., 36,
2427–2432, https://doi.org/10.1016/s1352-2310(01)00454-x, 2002.
Meng, J., Wang, G., Hou, Z., Liu, X., Wei, B., Wu, C., Cao, C., Wang, J., Li, J., Cao, J., Zhang, E., Dong, J., Liu, J., Ge, S., and Xie, Y.: Molecular distribution and stable carbon isotopic compositions of dicarboxylic acids and related SOA from biogenic sources in the summertime atmosphere of Mt. Tai in the North China Plain, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 15069–15086, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-15069-2018, 2018.
Mo, Y., Li, J., Cheng, Z., Zhong, G., Zhu, S., Tian, C., Chen, Y., and
Zhang, G.: Dual carbon isotope-based source apportionment and light
absorption properties of water-soluble organic carbon in PM2.5 over China,
J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 126, e2020JD033920,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2020JD033920, 2021.
Myriokefalitakis, S., Tsigaridis, K., Mihalopoulos, N., Sciare, J., Nenes, A., Kawamura, K., Segers, A., and Kanakidou, M.: In-cloud oxalate formation in the global troposphere: a 3-D modeling study, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 5761–5782, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-5761-2011, 2011.
Pavuluri, C. M. and Kawamura, K.: Evidence for 13-carbon enrichment in
oxalic acid via iron catalyzed photolysis in aqueous phase, Geophys. Res.
Lett., 39, L03802, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011gl050398, 2012.
Pavuluri, C. M., Kawamura, K., and Swaminathan, T.: Water-soluble organic
carbon, dicarboxylic acids, ketoacids, and α-dicarbonyls in the
tropical Indian aerosols, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 115, D11302,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2009jd012661, 2010.
Pavuluri, C. M., Kawamura, K., Swaminathan, T., and Tachibana, E.: Stable
carbon isotopic compositions of total carbon, dicarboxylic acids and
glyoxylic acid in the tropical Indian aerosols: Implications for sources and
photochemical processing of organic aerosols, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 116, D18307,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2011jd015617, 2011.
Qi, W., Wang, G., Dai, W., Liu, S., Zhang, T., Wu, C., Li, J., Shen, M.,
Guo, X., Meng, J., and Li, J.: Molecular characteristics and stable carbon
isotope compositions of dicarboxylic acids and related compounds in
wintertime aerosols of Northwest China, Sci. Rep., 12, 11266,
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-15222-6, 2022.
Qiu, X., Duan, L., Chai, F., Wang, S., Yu, Q., and Wang, S.: Deriving
High-Resolution Emission Inventory of Open Biomass Burning in China based on
Satellite Observations, Environ. Sci. Technol., 50, 11779–11786,
https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.6b02705, 2016.
Shen, M., Ho, K. F., Dai, W., Liu, S., Zhang, T., Wang, Q., Meng, J., Chow, J. C., Watson, J. G., Cao, J., and Li, J.: Distribution and stable carbon isotopic composition of dicarboxylic acids, ketocarboxylic acids and α-dicarbonyls in fresh and aged biomass burning aerosols, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 7489–7504, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-7489-2022, 2022.
Smith, B. N. and Epstein, S.: Two categories of 13C
Szidat, S., Jenk, T. M., Gaggeler, H. W., Synal, H. A., Fisseha, R.,
Baltensperger, U., Kalberer, M., Samburova, V., Wacker, L., Saurer, M.,
Schwikowski, M., and Hajdas, I.: Source apportionment of aerosols by C-14
measurements in different carbonaceous particle fractions, Radiocarbon, 46,
475–484, https://doi.org/10.1017/s0033822200039783, 2004.
Szidat, S., Jenk, T. M., Synal, H. A., Kalberer, M., Wacker, L., Hajdas, I.,
Kasper-Giebl, A., and Baltensperger, U.: Contributions of fossil fuel,
biomass-burning, and biogenic emissions to carbonaceous aerosols in Zurich
as traced by C-14, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 111, D07206, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005jd006590,
2006.
van Pinxteren, D., Neusüß, C., and Herrmann, H.: On the abundance and source contributions of dicarboxylic acids in size-resolved aerosol particles at continental sites in central Europe, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 3913–3928, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-3913-2014, 2014.
Wang, J., Wang, G., Wu, C., Li, J., Cao, C., Li, J., Xie, Y., Ge, S., Chen,
J., Zeng, L., Zhu, T., Zhang, R., and Kawamura, K.: Enhanced aqueous-phase
formation of secondary organic aerosols due to the regional biomass burning
over North China Plain, Environ. Pollut., 256, 113401,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113401, 2020.
Wang, J., Ye, J., Zhang, Q., Zhao, J., Wu, Y., Li, J., Liu, D., Li, W.,
Zhang, Y., Wu, C., Xie, C., Qin, Y., Lei, Y., Huang, X., Guo, J., Liu, P.,
Fu, P., Li, Y., Lee, H. C., Choi, H., Zhang, J., Liao, H., Chen, M., Sun,
Y., Ge, X., Martin, S. T., and Jacob, D. J.: Aqueous production of secondary
organic aerosol from fossil-fuel emissions in winter Beijing haze, P.
Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 118, e2022179118, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2022179118, 2021.
Warneck, P.: In-cloud chemistry opens pathway to the formation of oxalic
acid in the marine atmosphere, Atmos. Environ., 37, 2423–2427,
https://doi.org/10.1016/S1352-2310(03)00136-5, 2003.
Widory, D., Roy, S., Le Moullec, Y., Goupil, G., Cocherie, A., and Guerrot,
C.: The origin of atmospheric particles in Paris: a view through carbon and
lead isotopes, Atmos. Environ., 38, 953–961,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2003.11.001, 2004.
Wu, Z., Wang, Y., Tan, T., Zhu, Y., Li, M., Shang, D., Wang, H., Lu, K.,
Guo, S., Zeng, L., and Zhang, Y.: Aerosol liquid water driven by
anthropogenic inorganic salts: implying its key role in haze formation over
the North China Plain, Environ. Sci. Tech. Let., 5, 160–166,
https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.estlett.8b00021, 2018.
Xing, J., Lu, X., Wang, S., Wang, T., Ding, D., Yu, S., Shindell, D., Ou,
Y., Morawska, L., Li, S., Ren, L., Zhang, Y., Loughlin, D., Zheng, H., Zhao,
B., Liu, S., Smith, K. R., and Hao, J.: The quest for improved air quality
may push China to continue its CO2 reduction beyond the Paris Commitment,
P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 117, 29535–29542, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2013297117, 2020.
Xu, B., Cheng, Z., Gustafsson, Ö., Kawamura, K., Jin, B., Zhu, S., Tang,
T., Zhang, B., Li, J., and Zhang, G.: Compound-specific radiocarbon analysis
of low molecular weight dicarboxylic acids in ambient aerosols using
preparative gas chromatography: method development, Environ. Sci. Technol.
Lett., 8, 135–141, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.estlett.0c00887, 2021.
Xu, B., Zhang, G., Gustafsson, Ö., Kawamura, K., Li, J., Andersson, A.,
Bikkina, S., Kunwar, B., Pokhrel, A., Zhong, G., Zhao, S., Li, J., Huang,
C., Cheng, Z., Zhu, S., Peng, P., and Sheng, G.: Large contribution of
fossil-derived components to aqueous secondary organic aerosols in China,
Nat. Commun., 13, 5115, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-32863-3, 2022.
Yu, Q., Chen, J., Cheng, S., Qin, W., Zhang, Y., Sun, Y., and Ahmad, M.:
Seasonal variation of dicarboxylic acids in PM2.5 in Beijing: Implications
for the formation and aging processes of secondary organic aerosols, Sci.
Total Environ., 763, 142964,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142964, 2021.
Zhang, G., Liu, J., Li, J., Li, P., Wei, N., and Xu, B.: Radiocarbon isotope
technique as a powerful tool in tracking anthropogenic emissions of
carbonaceous air pollutants and greenhouse gases: A review, Fundam. Res., 1,
306–316, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fmre.2021.03.007, 2021.
Zhang, Y., Ren, H., Sun, Y., Cao, F., Chang, Y., Liu, S., Lee, X., Agrios,
K., Kawamura, K., Liu, D., Ren, L., Du, W., Wang, Z., Prévôt, A. S.
H., Szidat, S., and Fu, P.: High Contribution of Nonfossil Sources to
Submicrometer Organic Aerosols in Beijing, China, Environ. Sci. Technol.,
51, 7842–7852, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.7b01517, 2017.
Zhang, Y.-L., Schnelle-Kreis, J., Abbaszade, G., Zimmermann, R., Zotter, P.,
Shen, R.-R., Schaefer, K., Shao, L., Prevot, A. S. H., and Szidat, S.:
Source Apportionment of Elemental Carbon in Beijing, China: Insights from
Radiocarbon and Organic Marker Measurements, Environ. Sci. Technol., 49,
8408–8415, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.5b01944, 2015.
Zhang, Y.-L., Kawamura, K., Cao, F., and Lee, M.: Stable carbon isotopic
compositions of low-molecular-weight dicarboxylic acids, oxocarboxylic
acids, α-dicarbonyls, and fatty acids: Implications for atmospheric
processing of organic aerosols, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 121, 3707–3717,
https://doi.org/10.1002/2015jd024081, 2016.
Zhao, B., Zheng, H., Wang, S., Smith, K. R., Lu, X., Aunan, K., Gu, Y.,
Wang, Y., Ding, D., Xing, J., Fu, X., Yang, X., Liou, K.-N., and Hao, J.:
Change in household fuels dominates the decrease in PM2.5 exposure and premature
mortality in China in 2005–2015, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 115,
12401–12406, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1812955115, 2018.
Zhao, S., Tian, L., Zou, Z., Liu, X., Zhong, G., Mo, Y., Wang, Y., Tian, Y.,
Li, J., Guo, H., and Zhang, G.: Probing Legacy and Alternative Flame
Retardants in the Air of Chinese Cities, Environ. Sci. Technol., 55, 9450–9459,
https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.0c07367, 2021.
Zhu, S., Ding, P., Wang, N., Shen, C., Jia, G., and Zhang, G.: The compact
AMS facility at Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of
Sciences, Nucl. Instrum. Meth. B, 361, 72–75,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nimb.2015.06.040, 2015.
Short summary
We analyzed compound-specific dual-carbon isotope signatures (Δ14C and δ13C) of dominant secondary organic aerosol (SOA) tracer molecules (i.e., oxalic acid) to investigate the fates of SOAs in the atmosphere at five emission hotspots in China. The results indicated that SOA carbon sources and chemical processes producing SOAs vary spatially and seasonally, and these variations need to be included in Chinese climate projection models and air quality management practices.
We analyzed compound-specific dual-carbon isotope signatures (Δ14C and δ13C) of dominant...
Altmetrics
Final-revised paper
Preprint