Articles | Volume 23, issue 22
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-14593-2023
© Author(s) 2023. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Special issue:
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-14593-2023
© Author(s) 2023. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Boundary of nighttime ozone chemical equilibrium in the mesopause region: long-term evolution determined using 20-year satellite observations
Mikhail Yu. Kulikov
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
A. V. Gaponov-Grekhov Institute of Applied Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 46 Ulyanov Str., 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
Mikhail V. Belikovich
A. V. Gaponov-Grekhov Institute of Applied Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 46 Ulyanov Str., 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
Aleksey G. Chubarov
A. V. Gaponov-Grekhov Institute of Applied Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 46 Ulyanov Str., 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
Svetlana O. Dementyeva
A. V. Gaponov-Grekhov Institute of Applied Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 46 Ulyanov Str., 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
Alexander M. Feigin
A. V. Gaponov-Grekhov Institute of Applied Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 46 Ulyanov Str., 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
Related authors
Mikhail Yu. Kulikov, Mikhail V. Belikovich, Aleksey G. Chubarov, Svetlana O. Dementyeva, and Alexander M. Feigin
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 10965–10983, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-10965-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-10965-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The assumption of chemical equilibrium is widely used to derive information about poorly measured characteristics of the mesosphere–lower thermosphere from rocket and satellite data and to study the physicochemical processes at these altitudes. In this work, we analyze the fundamental aspects of chemical equilibria of two important trace gases and discuss their possible applications.
Mikhail Yu. Kulikov and Mikhail V. Belikovich
Ann. Geophys., 38, 815–822, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-38-815-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-38-815-2020, 2020
Mikhail Yu. Kulikov and Mikhail V. Belikovich
Ann. Geophys. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-2019-154, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-2019-154, 2019
Manuscript not accepted for further review
Mikhail Y. Kulikov, Anton A. Nechaev, Mikhail V. Belikovich, Tatiana S. Ermakova, and Alexander M. Feigin
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 7453–7471, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-7453-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-7453-2018, 2018
Mikhail Y. Kulikov, Mikhail V. Belikovich, Mykhaylo Grygalashvyly, Gerd R. Sonnemann, Tatiana S. Ermakova, Anton A. Nechaev, and Alexander M. Feigin
Ann. Geophys., 35, 677–682, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-35-677-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-35-677-2017, 2017
Mikhail Yu. Kulikov, Mikhail V. Belikovich, Aleksey G. Chubarov, Svetlana O. Dementyeva, and Alexander M. Feigin
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 10965–10983, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-10965-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-10965-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The assumption of chemical equilibrium is widely used to derive information about poorly measured characteristics of the mesosphere–lower thermosphere from rocket and satellite data and to study the physicochemical processes at these altitudes. In this work, we analyze the fundamental aspects of chemical equilibria of two important trace gases and discuss their possible applications.
Mikhail Yu. Kulikov and Mikhail V. Belikovich
Ann. Geophys., 38, 815–822, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-38-815-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-38-815-2020, 2020
Mikhail Yu. Kulikov and Mikhail V. Belikovich
Ann. Geophys. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-2019-154, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-2019-154, 2019
Manuscript not accepted for further review
Mikhail Y. Kulikov, Anton A. Nechaev, Mikhail V. Belikovich, Tatiana S. Ermakova, and Alexander M. Feigin
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 7453–7471, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-7453-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-7453-2018, 2018
Mikhail Y. Kulikov, Mikhail V. Belikovich, Mykhaylo Grygalashvyly, Gerd R. Sonnemann, Tatiana S. Ermakova, Anton A. Nechaev, and Alexander M. Feigin
Ann. Geophys., 35, 677–682, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-35-677-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-35-677-2017, 2017
Related subject area
Subject: Gases | Research Activity: Atmospheric Modelling and Data Analysis | Altitude Range: Mesosphere | Science Focus: Chemistry (chemical composition and reactions)
Technical note: Nighttime OH and HO2 chemical equilibria in the mesosphere–lower thermosphere
Global and regional chemical influence of sprites: reconciling modelling results and measurements
Reaction dynamics of P(4S) + O2(X3Σ−g) → O(3P) + PO(X2Π) on a global CHIPR potential energy surface of PO2(X2A1): implications for atmospheric modelling
Exceptional middle latitude electron precipitation detected by balloon observations: implications for atmospheric composition
Model simulations of chemical effects of sprites in relation with observed HO2 enhancements over sprite-producing thunderstorms
The response of mesospheric H2O and CO to solar irradiance variability in models and observations
Statistical response of middle atmosphere composition to solar proton events in WACCM-D simulations: the importance of lower ionospheric chemistry
Photochemistry on the bottom side of the mesospheric Na layer
Model results of OH airglow considering four different wavelength regions to derive night-time atomic oxygen and atomic hydrogen in the mesopause region
A new model of meteoric calcium in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere
Technical note: Evaluation of the simultaneous measurements of mesospheric OH, HO2, and O3 under a photochemical equilibrium assumption – a statistical approach
NOy production, ozone loss and changes in net radiative heating due to energetic particle precipitation in 2002–2010
HEPPA-II model–measurement intercomparison project: EPP indirect effects during the dynamically perturbed NH winter 2008–2009
Atmospheric lifetimes, infrared absorption spectra, radiative forcings and global warming potentials of NF3 and CF3CF2Cl (CFC-115)
A semi-empirical model for mesospheric and stratospheric NOy produced by energetic particle precipitation
Middle atmospheric changes caused by the January and March 2012 solar proton events
Implications of the O + OH reaction in hydroxyl nightglow modeling
Northern Hemisphere atmospheric influence of the solar proton events and ground level enhancement in January 2005
Do vibrationally excited OH molecules affect middle and upper atmospheric chemistry?
Implementation and testing of a simple data assimilation algorithm in the regional air pollution forecast model, DEOM
Mikhail Yu. Kulikov, Mikhail V. Belikovich, Aleksey G. Chubarov, Svetlana O. Dementyeva, and Alexander M. Feigin
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 10965–10983, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-10965-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-10965-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The assumption of chemical equilibrium is widely used to derive information about poorly measured characteristics of the mesosphere–lower thermosphere from rocket and satellite data and to study the physicochemical processes at these altitudes. In this work, we analyze the fundamental aspects of chemical equilibria of two important trace gases and discuss their possible applications.
Francisco J. Pérez-Invernón, Francisco J. Gordillo-Vázquez, Alejandro Malagón-Romero, and Patrick Jöckel
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 3577–3592, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-3577-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-3577-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Sprites are electrical discharges that occur in the upper atmosphere. Recent modelling and observational data suggest that they may have a measurable impact on atmospheric chemistry. We incorporate both the occurrence rate of sprites and their production of chemical species into a chemistry–climate model. While our results indicate that sprites have a minimal global influence on atmospheric chemistry, they underscore their noteworthy importance at a regional scale.
Guangan Chen, Zhi Qin, Ximing Li, and Linhua Liu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 10643–10659, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-10643-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-10643-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We provided an accurate potential energy surface of PO2(X2A1), which can be used for the molecular simulations of the reactive or non-reactive collisions and photodissociation of PO2 in atmospheres. It can also be a reliable component for constructing other larger molecular systems containing PO2. The reaction probability, integral cross sections, and rate constants for P(4S) + O2(X3Σ−) → O(3P) + PO((X2Π) are calculated, which might be useful for modelling the P chemistry in atmospheres.
Irina Mironova, Miriam Sinnhuber, Galina Bazilevskaya, Mark Clilverd, Bernd Funke, Vladimir Makhmutov, Eugene Rozanov, Michelle L. Santee, Timofei Sukhodolov, and Thomas Ulich
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 6703–6716, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-6703-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-6703-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
From balloon measurements, we detected unprecedented, extremely powerful, electron precipitation over the middle latitudes. The robustness of this event is confirmed by satellite observations of electron fluxes and chemical composition, as well as by ground-based observations of the radio signal propagation. The applied chemistry–climate model shows the almost complete destruction of ozone in the mesosphere over the region where high-energy electrons were observed.
Holger Winkler, Takayoshi Yamada, Yasuko Kasai, Uwe Berger, and Justus Notholt
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 7579–7596, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-7579-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-7579-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Sprites are electrical discharges above thunderstorms. We performed model simulations of the chemical processes in sprites to compare them with measurements of chemical perturbations above sprite-producing thunderstorms.
Arseniy Karagodin-Doyennel, Eugene Rozanov, Ales Kuchar, William Ball, Pavle Arsenovic, Ellis Remsberg, Patrick Jöckel, Markus Kunze, David A. Plummer, Andrea Stenke, Daniel Marsh, Doug Kinnison, and Thomas Peter
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 201–216, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-201-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-201-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The solar signal in the mesospheric H2O and CO was extracted from the CCMI-1 model simulations and satellite observations using multiple linear regression (MLR) analysis. MLR analysis shows a pronounced and statistically robust solar signal in both H2O and CO. The model results show a general agreement with observations reproducing a negative/positive solar signal in H2O/CO. The pattern of the solar signal varies among the considered models, reflecting some differences in the model setup.
Niilo Kalakoski, Pekka T. Verronen, Annika Seppälä, Monika E. Szeląg, Antti Kero, and Daniel R. Marsh
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 8923–8938, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-8923-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-8923-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Effects of solar proton events (SPEs) on middle atmosphere chemistry were studied using the WACCM-D chemistry–climate model, including an improved representation of lower ionosphere ion chemistry. This study includes 66 events in the years 1989–2012 and uses a statistical approach to determine the impact of the improved chemistry scheme. The differences shown highlight the importance of ion chemistry in models used to study energetic particle precipitation.
Tao Yuan, Wuhu Feng, John M. C. Plane, and Daniel R. Marsh
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 3769–3777, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-3769-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-3769-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
The Na layer in the upper atmosphere is very sensitive to solar radiation and varies considerably during sunrise and sunset. In this paper, we use the lidar observations and an advanced model to investigate this process. We found that the variation is mostly due to the changes in several photochemical reactions involving Na compounds, especially NaHCO3. We also reveal that the Fe layer in the same region changes more quickly than the Na layer due to a faster reaction rate of FeOH to sunlight.
Tilo Fytterer, Christian von Savigny, Martin Mlynczak, and Miriam Sinnhuber
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 1835–1851, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-1835-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-1835-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
A model was developed to derive night-time atomic oxygen (O(3P)) and atomic hydrogen (H) from satellite observations in the altitude region between 75 km and 100 km. Comparisons between the
best-fit modeland the measurements suggest that chemical reactions involving O2 and O(3P) might occur differently than is usually assumed in literature. This considerably affects the derived abundances of O(3P) and H, which in turn might influence air temperature and winds of the whole atmosphere.
John M. C. Plane, Wuhu Feng, Juan Carlos Gómez Martín, Michael Gerding, and Shikha Raizada
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 14799–14811, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-14799-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-14799-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Meteoric ablation creates layers of metal atoms in the atmosphere around 90 km. Although Ca and Na have similar elemental abundances in most minerals found in the solar system, surprisingly the Ca abundance in the atmosphere is less than 1 % that of Na. This study uses a detailed chemistry model of Ca, largely based on laboratory kinetics measurements, in a whole-atmosphere model to show that the depletion is caused by inefficient ablation of Ca and the formation of stable molecular reservoirs.
Mikhail Y. Kulikov, Anton A. Nechaev, Mikhail V. Belikovich, Tatiana S. Ermakova, and Alexander M. Feigin
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 7453–7471, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-7453-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-7453-2018, 2018
Miriam Sinnhuber, Uwe Berger, Bernd Funke, Holger Nieder, Thomas Reddmann, Gabriele Stiller, Stefan Versick, Thomas von Clarmann, and Jan Maik Wissing
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 1115–1147, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-1115-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-1115-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Results from global models are used to analyze the impact of energetic particle precipitation on the middle atmosphere (10–80 km). Model results agree well with observations, and show strong enhancements of NOy, long-lasting ozone loss, and a net heating in the uppermost stratosphere (~35–45 km) during polar winter which changes sign in spring. Energetic particle precipitation therefore has the potential to impact atmospheric dynamics, starting from a warmer winter-time upper stratosphere.
Bernd Funke, William Ball, Stefan Bender, Angela Gardini, V. Lynn Harvey, Alyn Lambert, Manuel López-Puertas, Daniel R. Marsh, Katharina Meraner, Holger Nieder, Sanna-Mari Päivärinta, Kristell Pérot, Cora E. Randall, Thomas Reddmann, Eugene Rozanov, Hauke Schmidt, Annika Seppälä, Miriam Sinnhuber, Timofei Sukhodolov, Gabriele P. Stiller, Natalia D. Tsvetkova, Pekka T. Verronen, Stefan Versick, Thomas von Clarmann, Kaley A. Walker, and Vladimir Yushkov
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 3573–3604, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-3573-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-3573-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
Simulations from eight atmospheric models have been compared to tracer and temperature observations from seven satellite instruments in order to evaluate the energetic particle indirect effect (EPP IE) during the perturbed northern hemispheric (NH) winter 2008/2009. Models are capable to reproduce the EPP IE in dynamically and geomagnetically quiescent NH winter conditions. The results emphasize the need for model improvements in the dynamical representation of elevated stratopause events.
Anna Totterdill, Tamás Kovács, Wuhu Feng, Sandip Dhomse, Christopher J. Smith, Juan Carlos Gómez-Martín, Martyn P. Chipperfield, Piers M. Forster, and John M. C. Plane
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 11451–11463, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-11451-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-11451-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
In this study we have experimentally determined the infrared absorption cross sections of NF3 and CFC-115, calculated the radiative forcing and efficiency using two radiative transfer models and identified the effect of clouds and stratospheric adjustment. We have also determined their atmospheric lifetimes using the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model.
Bernd Funke, Manuel López-Puertas, Gabriele P. Stiller, Stefan Versick, and Thomas von Clarmann
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 8667–8693, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-8667-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-8667-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
We present a semi-empirical model for the reconstruction of polar winter descent of reactive nitrogen (NOy) produced by energetic particle precipitation (EPP) into the stratosphere. It can be used to prescribe NOy in chemistry climate models with an upper lid below the EPP source region. We also found a significant reduction of the EPP-generated NOy during the last 30 years, likely affecting the long-term NOy trend by counteracting the expected increase caused by growing N2O emission.
C. H. Jackman, C. E. Randall, V. L. Harvey, S. Wang, E. L. Fleming, M. López-Puertas, B. Funke, and P. F. Bernath
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 1025–1038, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-1025-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-1025-2014, 2014
P. J. S. B. Caridade, J.-Z. J. Horta, and A. J. C. Varandas
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 1–13, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-1-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-1-2013, 2013
C. H. Jackman, D. R. Marsh, F. M. Vitt, R. G. Roble, C. E. Randall, P. F. Bernath, B. Funke, M. López-Puertas, S. Versick, G. P. Stiller, A. J. Tylka, and E. L. Fleming
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 6153–6166, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-6153-2011, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-6153-2011, 2011
T. von Clarmann, F. Hase, B. Funke, M. López-Puertas, J. Orphal, M. Sinnhuber, G. P. Stiller, and H. Winkler
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 9953–9964, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-9953-2010, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-9953-2010, 2010
J. Frydendall, J. Brandt, and J. H. Christensen
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 5475–5488, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-5475-2009, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-5475-2009, 2009
Cited articles
Allen, M., Lunine, J. I., and Yung, Y. L.: The vertical distribution of ozone in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere, J. Geophys. Res., 89, 4841–4872, https://doi.org/10.1029/JD089iD03p04841, 1984.
Belikovich, M. V., Kulikov, M. Yu, Grygalashvyly, M., Sonnemann, G. R., Ermakova, T. S., Nechaev, A. A., and Feigin, A .M.: Ozone chemical equilibrium in the extended mesopause under the nighttime conditions, Adv. Space Res., 61, 426–432, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asr.2017.10.010, 2018.
Burkholder, J. B., Sander, S. P., Abbatt, J., Barker, J. R., Cappa, C., Crounse, J. D., Dibble, T. S., Huie, R. E., Kolb, C. E., Kurylo, M. J., Orkin, V. L., Percival, C. J., Wilmouth, D. M., and Wine, P. H.: Chemical Kinetics and Photochemical Data for Use in Atmospheric Studies, Evaluation No. 19, JPL Publication 19-5, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, http://jpldataeval.jpl.nasa.gov (last access: 18 November 2023), 2020.
Evans, W. F. J., McDade, I. C., Yuen, J., and Llewellyn, E. J.: A rocket measurement of the O2 infrared atmospheric (0-0) band emission in the dayglow and a determination of the mesospheric ozone and atomic oxygen densities, Can. J. Phys., 66, 941–946, https://doi.org/10.1139/p88-151. 1988.
Gan, Q., Du, J., Fomichev, V. I., Ward, W. E., Beagley, S. R., Zhang, S., and Yue, J.: Temperature responses to the 11 year solar cycle in the mesosphere from the 31 year (1979–2010) extended Canadian Middle Atmosphere Model simulations and a comparison with the 14 year (2002–2015) TIMED/SABER observations, J. Geophys. Res.-Space Phys., 122, 4801–4818, https://doi.org/10.1002/2016JA023564, 2017.
García-Comas, M., Funke, B., López-Puertas, M., González-Galindo, F., Kiefer, M., and Höpfner, M.: First detection of a brief mesoscale elevated stratopause in very early winter. Geophys. Res. Lett., 47, e2019GL086751, https://doi.org/10.1029/2019GL086751, 2020.
Good, R. E.: Determination of atomic oxygen density from rocket borne measurements of hydroxyl airglow, Planet. Space Sci., 24, 389–395, https://doi.org/10.1016/0032-0633(76)90052-0, 1976.
Grygalashvyly, M.: Several notes on the OH* layer, Ann. Geophys., 33, 923–930, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-33-923-2015, 2015.
Grygalashvyly, M., Sonnemann, G. R., and Hartogh, P.: Long-term behavior of the concentration of the minor constituents in the mesosphere – a model study, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 2779–2792, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-2779-2009, 2009.
Grygalashvyly, M., Sonnemann, G. R., Lübken, F.-J., Hartogh, P., and Berger, U.: Hydroxyl layer: Mean state and trends at midlatitudes, J. Geophys. Res. Atmos., 119, 12391–12419, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014JD022094, 2014.
Hartogh, P., Jarchow, C., Sonnemann, G. R., and Grygalashvyly, M.: On the spatiotemporal behavior of ozone within the upper mesosphere/mesopause region under nearly polar night conditions, J. Geophys. Res., 109, D18303, https://doi.org/10.1029/2004JD004576, 2004.
Hartogh, P., Jarchow, Ch., Sonnemann, G. R., and Grygalashvyly, M.: Ozone distribution in the middle latitude mesosphere as derived from microwave measurements at Lindau (51.66∘ N, 10.13∘ E), J. Geophys. Res., 116, D04305, https://doi.org/10.1029/2010JD014393, 2011.
Feigin, A. M., Konovalov, I. B., and Molkov, Y. I.: Towards understanding nonlinear nature of atmospheric photochemistry: Essential dynamic model of the mesospheric photochemical system., J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 103, 25447–25460, https://doi.org/10.1029/98JD01569, 1998.
Konovalov, I. B. and Feigin, A. M.: Toward an understanding of the nonlinear nature of atmospheric photochemistry: Origin of the complicated dynamic behaviour of the mesospheric photochemical system, Nonlin. Processes Geophys., 7, 87–104, https://doi.org/10.5194/npg-7-87-2000, 2000.
Körner, U. and Sonnemann, G. R.: Global 3D-modeling of water vapor concentration of the mesosphere/mesopause region and implications with respect to the NLC region, J. Geophys. Res., 106, 9639–9651, https://doi.org/10.1029/2000JD900744, 2001.
Kowalewski, S., von Savigny, C., Palm, M., McDade, I. C., and Notholt, J.: On the impact of the temporal variability of the collisional quenching process on the mesospheric OH emission layer: a study based on SD-WACCM4 and SABER, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 10193–10210, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-10193-2014, 2014.
Kremp, C., Berger, U., Hoffmann, P., Keuer, D., and Sonnemann, G. R.: Seasonal variation of middle latitude wind fields of the mesopause region – A comparison between observation and model calculation, Geophys. Res. Lett., 26, 1279–1282, https://doi.org/10.1029/1999GL900218, 1999.
Kulikov, M. Yu.: Theoretical investigation of the influence of a quasi 2-day wave on nonlinear photochemical oscillations in the mesopause region, J. Geophys. Res., 112, D02305, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005JD006845, 2007.
Kulikov, M. Yu. and Feigin, A. M.: Reactive-diffusion waves in the mesospheric photochemical system, Adv. Space Res., 35, 1992-1998, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asr.2005.04.020, 2005.
Kulikov, M. Y., Belikovich, M. V., Grygalashvyly, M., Sonnemann, G. R., Ermakova, T. S., Nechaev, A. A., and Feigin, A. M.: Daytime ozone loss term in the mesopause region, Ann. Geophys., 35, 677–682, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-35-677-2017, 2017.
Kulikov, M. Y., Belikovich, M. V., Grygalashvyly, M., Sonnemann, G. R., Ermakova, T. S., Nechaev, A. A., and Feigin, A. M.: Nighttime ozone chemical equilibrium in the mesopause region, J. Geophys. Res., 123, 3228–3242, https://doi.org/10.1002/2017JD026717, 2018a.
Kulikov, M. Y., Nechaev, A. A., Belikovich, M. V., Ermakova, T. S., and Feigin, A. M.: Technical note: Evaluation of the simultaneous measurements of mesospheric OH, HO2, and O3 under a photochemical equilibrium assumption – a statistical approach, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 7453–7471, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-7453-2018, 2018b.
Kulikov, M. Yu., Nechaev, A. A., Belikovich, M. V., Vorobeva, E. V., Grygalashvyly, M., Sonnemann, G. R., and Feigin, A. M.: Border of nighttime ozone chemical equilibrium in the mesopause region from saber data: implications for derivation of atomic oxygen and atomic hydrogen, Geophys. Res. Lett., 46, 997–1004, https://doi.org/10.1029/2018GL080364, 2019.
Kulikov, M. Y., Belikovich, M. V., and Feigin, A. M.: Analytical investigation of the reaction-diffusion waves in the mesopause photochemistry, J. Geophys. Res., 125, e2020JD033480, https://doi.org/10.1029/2020JD033480, 2020.
Kulikov, M. Y., Belikovich, M. V., and Feigin, A. M.: The 2-day photochemical oscillations in the mesopause region: the first experimental evidence?, Geophys. Res. Lett., 48, e2021GL092795, https://doi.org/10.1029/2021GL092795, 2021.
Kulikov, M. Y., Belikovich, M. V., Grygalashvyly, M., Sonnemann, G. R., and Feigin, A.M.: The revised method for retrieving daytime distributions of atomic oxygen and odd-hydrogens in the mesopause region from satellite observations, Earth Planet. Space, 74, 44, https://doi.org/10.1186/s40623-022-01603-8, 2022.
Kulikov, M. Yu., Belikovich, M. V., Chubarov, A. G., Dementeyva, S. O., and Feigin, A. M.: Boundary of nighttime ozone chemical equilibrium in the mesopause region: improved criterion of determining the boundary from satellite data, Adv. Space Res., 71, 2770–2780, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asr.2022.11.005, 2023.
Llewellyn, E. J. and McDade, I. C.: A reference model for atomic oxygen in the terrestrial atmosphere, Adv. Space Res., 18, 209–226, https://doi.org/10.1016/0273-1177(96)00059-2, 1996.
Llewellyn, E. J., McDade, I. C. Moorhouse, P., and Lockerbie M. D.: Possible reference models for atomic oxygen in the terrestrial atmosphere, Adv. Space Res., 13, 135–144, https://doi.org/10.1016/0273-1177(93)90013-2, 1993.
Lübken, F.-J., Berger, U., and Baumgarten, G.: Temperature trends in the midlatitude summer mesosphere, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 118, 13347–13360, https://doi.org/10.1002/2013JD020576, 2013.
Manney, G. L., Kruger, K., Sabutis, J. L., Sena, S. A., and Pawson, S.: The remarkable 2003–2004 winter and other recent warm winters in the Arctic stratosphere since the late 1990s, J. Geophys. Res., 110, D04107, https://doi.org/10.1029/2004JD005367, 2005.
Marsh, D. R., Smith, A. K., Mlynczak, M. G., and Russell III, J. M.: SABER observations of the OH Meinel airglow variability near the mesopause, J. Geophys. Res., 111, A10S05, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005JA011451, 2006.
McDade, I. C., Llewellyn, E. J., and Harris, F. R.: Atomic oxygen concentrations in the lower auroral thermosphere, Adv. Space Res., 5, 229–232, https://doi.org/10.1029/GL011I003P00247, 1985.
McDade, I. C. and Llewellyn, E. J.: Mesospheric oxygen atom densities inferred from night-time OH Meinel band emission rates, Planet. Space Sci., 36, 897–905, https://doi.org/10.1016/0032-0633(88)90097-9, 1988.
Mlynczak, M. G., Marshall, B. T., Martin-Torres, F. J., Russell III, J. M., Thompson, R. E., Remsberg, E. E., and Gordley, L. L.: Sounding of the Atmosphere using Broadband Emission Radiometry observations of daytime mesospheric O2(1D) 1.27 µm emission and derivation of ozone, atomic oxygen, and solar and chemical energy deposition rates, J. Geophys. Res., 112, D15306, https://doi.org/10.1029/2006JD008355, 2007.
Mlynczak, M. G., Hunt, L. A., Mast, J. C., Marshall, B. T., Russell III, J. M., Smith, A. K., Siskind, D. E., Yee, J.-H., Mertens, C. J., Martin-Torres, F. J., Thompson, R. E., Drob, D. P., and Gordley, L. L.: Atomic oxygen in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere derived from SABER: Algorithm theoretical basis and measurement uncertainty, J. Geophys. Res., 118, 5724–5735, https://doi.org/10.1002/jgrd.50401, 2013a.
Mlynczak, M. G., Hunt, L. H., Mertens, C. J., Marshall, B. T., Russell III, J. M., López-Puertas, M., Smith, A. K., Siskind, D. E., Mast, J. C., Thompson, R. E., and Gordley, L. L.: Radiative and energetic constraints on the global annual mean atomic oxygen concentration in the mesopause region, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 118, 5796–5802, https://doi.org/10.1002/jgrd.50400, 2013b.
Mlynczak, M. G., Hunt, L. A. Marshall, B. T. Mertens, C. J. Marsh, D. R. Smith, A. K. Russell, J. M. Siskind D. E., and Gordley L. L.: Atomic hydrogen in the mesopause region derived from SABER: Algorithm theoretical basis, measurement uncertainty, and results, J. Geophys. Res., 119, 3516–3526, https://doi.org/10.1002/2013JD021263, 2014.
Mlynczak, M. G., Hunt, L. A., Russell, J. M. III, and Marshall, B. T.: Updated SABER night atomic oxygen and implications for SABER ozone and atomic hydrogen, Geophys. Res. Lett., 45, 5735–5741, https://doi.org/10.1029/2018GL077377, 2018.
Morton, K. W. and Mayers, D. F.: Numerical Solution of Partial Differential Equations, Cambridge University Press, ISBN 9780521607933, 294 pp., 2005.
Nikoukar, R., Swenson, G. R., Liu, A. Z., and Kamalabadi, F.: On the variability of mesospheric OH emission profiles, J. Geophys. Res., 112, D19109, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007JD008601, 2007.
Panka, P. A., Kutepov, A. A., Rezac, L., Kalogerakis, K. S., Feofilov, A. G., Marsh, D., Janches, D., and Yiğit, E.: Atomic oxygen retrieved from the SABER 2.0- and 1.6-µm radiances using new first-principles nighttime OH(v) model, Geophys. Res. Lett., 45, 5798–5803, https://doi.org/10.1029/2018GL077677, 2018.
Pendleton, W. R., Baker, K. D., and Howlett, L. C.: Rocket-based investigations of O(3P), O2 (a1Δg) and OH* (v=1,2) during the solar eclipse of 26 February 1979, J. Atm. Terr. Phys., 45, 479–491, 1983.
Scinocca, J. F., McFarlane, N. A., Lazare, M., Li, J., and Plummer, D.: Technical Note: The CCCma third generation AGCM and its extension into the middle atmosphere, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 8, 7055–7074, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-8-7055-2008, 2008.
Siskind, D. E., Marsh, D. R., Mlynczak, M. G., Martin-Torres, F. J., and Russell III, J. M.: Decreases in atomic hydrogen over the summer pole: Evidence for dehydration from polar mesospheric clouds?, Geophys. Res. Lett., 35, L13809, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008GL033742, 2008.
Siskind, D. E., Mlynczak, M. G., Marshall, T., Friedrich, M., and Gumbel, J.: Implications of odd oxygen observations by the TIMED/SABER instrument for lower D region ionospheric modeling, J. Atmos. Sol. Terr. Phys., 124, 63–70, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jastp.2015.01.014, 2015.
Schmidlin, F. J.: First observation of mesopause temperature lower than 100 K, Geophys. Res. Lett., 19, 1643–1646, https://doi.org/10.1029/92GL01506, 1992.
Shimazaki, T.: Minor Constituents in the Middle Atmosphere, D. Reidel, Norwell, Mass., USA, 444 pp., ISBN 9027721076, 1985.
Smith, A. K., Lopez-Puertas, M., Garcıa-Comas, M., and Tukiainen, S.: SABER observations of mesospheric ozone during NH late winter 2002–2009, Geophys. Res. Lett., 36, L23804, https://doi.org/10.1029/2009GL040942, 2009.
Smith, A. K., Marsh, D. R. Mlynczak, M. G., and Mast, J. C.: Temporal variations of atomic oxygen in the upper mesosphere from SABER, J. Geophys. Res., 115, D18309, https://doi.org/10.1029/2009JD013434, 2010.
Sonnemann, G. R.: The photochemical effects of dynamically induced variations in solar insolation, J. Atmos. Sol. Terr. Phys., 63, 781–797, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1364-6826(01)00010-4, 2001.
Sonnemann, G. and Feigin, A. M.: Non-linear behaviour of a reaction-diffusion system of the photochemistry within the mesopause region, Phys. Rev. E, 59, 1719–1726, https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.59.1719, 1999.
Sonnemann, G. and Fichtelmann, B.: Enforced oscillations and resonances due to internal non-linear processes of photochemical system in the atmosphere, Acta. Geod. Geophys. Mont. Hung., 22, 301–311, 1987.
Sonnemann, G. and Fichtelmann, B.: Subharmonics, cascades of period of doubling and chaotic behavior of photochemistry of the mesopause region, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 1193–1203, https://doi.org/10.1029/96JD02740, 1997.
Sonnemann, G. R. and Grygalashvyly, M.: On the two-day oscillations and the day-to-day variability in global 3-D-modeling of the chemical system of the upper mesosphere/mesopause region, Nonlin. Processes Geophys., 12, 691–705, https://doi.org/10.5194/npg-12-691-2005, 2005.
Sonnemann, G., Kremp, C., Ebel, A., and Berger U.: A three-dimensional dynamic model of minor constituents of the mesosphere, Atmos. Environ., 32, 3157–3172, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1352-2310(98)00113-7, 1998.
Sonnemann, G., Feigin, A. M., and Molkov, Ya. I.: On the influence of diffusion upon the nonlinear behaviour of the photochemistry of the mesopause region, J. Geophys. Res., 104, 30591–30603, https://doi.org/10.1029/1999JD900785, 1999.
Sonnemann, G. R., Hartogh, P., Berger, U., and Grygalashvyly, M.: Hydroxyl layer: trend of number density and intra-annual variability, Ann. Geophys., 33, 749–767, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-33-749-2015, 2015.
Swenson, G. R., and Gardner C. S.: Analytical models for the responses of the mesospheric OH* and Na layers to atmospheric gravity waves, J. Geophys. Res., 103, 6271–6294, https://doi.org/10.1029/97JD02985, 1998.
Tapping, K. F.: The 10.7 cm solar radio flux (F10.7), Space Weather, 11, 394–406, https://doi.org/10.1002/swe.20064, 2013.
Thomas, G. E., Olivero, J. J., Jensen, E. J., Schroder, W., and Toon, O. B.: Relation between increasing methane and the presence of ice clouds at the mesopause, Nature, 338, 490–492, https://doi.org/10.1038/338490a0, 1989.
Thomas, G. E.: Mesospheric clouds and the physics of the mesopause region, Rev. Geophys., 29, 553–575, https://doi.org/10.1029/91RG01604, 1991.
Thomas, R. J.: Atomic hydrogen and atomic oxygen density in the mesosphere region: Global and seasonal variations deduced from Solar Mesosphere Explorer near-infrared emissions, J. Geophys. Res., 95, 16457–16476, https://doi.org/10.1029/JD095iD10p16457, 1990.
Walcek, C. J.: Minor flux adjustment near mixing ratio extremes for simplified yet highly accurate monotonic calculation of tracer advection, J. Geophys. Res., 105, 9335–9348, https://doi.org/10.1029/1999JD901142, 2000.
Xu, J., Smith, A. K., Jiang, G., Gao, H., Wei, Y., Mlynczak, M. G., and Russell III, J. M.: Strong longitudinal variations in the OH nightglow, Geophys. Res. Lett., 37, L21801, https://doi.org/10.1029/2010GL043972, 2010.
Xu, J., Gao, H., Smith, A. K., and Zhu Y.: Using TIMED/SABER nightglow observations to investigate hydroxyl emission mechanisms in the mesopause region, J. Geophys. Res., 117, D02301, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011JD016342, 2012.
Zhao, X. R., Sheng, Z., Shi, H. Q., Weng, L. B., and He Y.: Middle Atmosphere Temperature Changes Derived from SABER Observations during 2002–20, J. Climate, 34, 7995–8012, https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-20-1010.1, 2021.
Short summary
In this work, the recently developed analytical criterion for determining the boundary of nighttime ozone chemical equilibrium (NOCE) in the mesopause region (80–90 km) is used (i) to study the connection of this boundary with O and H spatiotemporal variability based on 3D modeling of chemical transport and (ii) to retrieve and analyze the spatiotemporal evolution of the NOCE boundary in 2002–2021 from the SABER/TIMED data set.
In this work, the recently developed analytical criterion for determining the boundary of...
Special issue
Altmetrics
Final-revised paper
Preprint